Southern  Branch 
of  the 

University  of  California 


Los  Angeles 


Form  L    I 


J82 
G72 


1 


LOe  AHOIUBS.  -:-  CAL. 


573 


r 


^ 


TI-IE   A-BRIDaMiETSTT. 


MESSAGE 


FEOM   THE 


PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

TO  THE 

TWO   HOUSES   OF  CONGRESS 

AT  THE  BEGINXING   OF  THE 

SECOND  SESSION  OF  THE  FIFTY-THIRD  CONGRESS, 

WITH   THE 

EEPOETS  OF  THE  HEADS  OF  DEPAETMENTS 

AND 

SELECTIONS  FEOM  ACCOMPANYING  DOCUMENTS. 


■ STATE  NSRMAL^HOOL, 

EDITED    BY  ,    ^    AKQlOBEk  <"  OAL. 

FKANCIS    M.    COX. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE. 
1891. 


NOTE. 

The  Abridirment  of  Message  aud  Documents  is  prepared  under  the  direction  of  the 
Joint  Coiiuiiittce  on  Printing  by  authority  of  section  75  of  the  Eevised  Statute?.  Its 
purpose  is  (o  furnish  in  condensed  and  convenient  form  for  popular  distribution,  the 
gist  of  tiio  many  volumes  of  documents  Avhich  accompany  the  annual  reports  of  the 
heads  of  tlie  si-veral  Executive  l)ei)artments  of  the  Government.  To  this  end  the 
twenty  or  more  thousand  octavo  pages  which  constitute  the  full  volume  of  these 
docniiiti-nts  must  be  boiled  down  to  a  convenient  volume  of  one  thousand  pages,  such 
as  is  here  presented.  The  work  involves  much  labor  and  care  in  eliminating  the 
rodun(hincies  in  figures  and  official  statements  (and  mere  matters  of  clerical  routine 
ol  Moment  only  to  oilicial  superiors),  wliich  uecessarily  occur  in  these  various  docu- 
ments, emanating  from  so  many  different  otticials;  and  at  the  same  time  i)reserving 
the  itith  and  point  of  the  whole  matter  in  connected  and  intelligent  sequence  in  the 
Abridgment.  This  the  editor  hopes  will  be  found  to  have  been  accomplished  in  the 
volume  now  put  forth,  and  that  it  will  be  found  to  contain  an  interesting  and  in- 
structive account  of  the  manner  in  which  the  public  servants  of  the  iieople  in  the 
various  departments  of  the  governmental  machinery  have  performed  their  respective 
stewardships. 

The  ap})c.irance  of  the  Abridgment  has  been  somewhat  delayed  by  the  failure  of 
heads  of  D<'i)artment8  to  comply  strictly  with  section  196  of  the  Revised  Statutes, 
wliich  provides  for  the  prompt  delivery  of  their  reports  and  accompanying  documents 
to  the  I'ublic  Printer.  The  full  list  of  the  documents  which  enter  into  the  Abridg- 
ment was  not  delivered  to  the  editor  until  the  middle  of  February,  although  it  does 
uot  appear  tliat  the  printing  office  has  been  at  all  in  default. 

March  10,  1894. 


^ 


C7X 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Paje. 

Tlie  President's  Annual  Message  to  Cougress 5-35 

Supplementary  message  in  relation  to  Hawaii 35-48 

Alphabetical  index  to 959-PGO 

TREASURY   DEPART.AIKNT. 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  annual  report  of 49-1G2 

Alphabetical  index  to - 960-962 

Treasurer,  report  of 163-166 

Alphabetical  index  to 962 

Dii'ector  of  the  Mint,  rejiort  of 167-192 

Alphabetical  index  to 962 

Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  report  of 192-206 

Alphabetical  index  to 962 

Commissioner  of  Internal  Eevenue,  report  of ^ 206-220 

Alphabetical  index  to 963 

Letter  concerning  increased  tax  on  spirits 261-264 

Eegister  of  the  Treasury,  report  of : 221 

Commissioner  of  Customs,  annual  report 221.  224 

First  Auditor,  report  of 224-240 

Second  Auditor,  report  of 211-245 

Third  Auditor,  report  of • 246-248 

Fourth  Auditor,  report  of 249 

Fifth  Auditor,  report  of 250-252 

Sixth  Auditor,  report  of 253-255 

Supervising  Special  Agent,  report  of 255-261 

WAR    DKPAUTMKNT. 

Secretary  of  War,  annual  report  of 265-298 

Alphabetical  index  to 964 

Major-General  Commanding  the  Army,  report  of 299-304 

Alphabetical  index  to 961,  965 

Adjutant-General,  report  of 304-310 

Alphabetical  index  to 965 

Judge- Advocate-General,  report  of 310-312 

Quartermaster-General,  report  of 312-320 

Ali)habetical  index  to 965 

Deputy  Quartermaster-General,  report  of 320-325 

Surgeon-General,  report  of 325-335 

Alphabetical  index  to . : 965 

Chief  Signal  Officer,  report  of 335-314 

Alphabetical  index  to 965 

Record  and  Pension  OfiBce,  report  of  chief ;M4-347 

War  Records,  report  of  board  of  publication 348 

Soldiers'  Home,  report  of  board  of  commissioners 319 

Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  report  of  Board  of  Visitors  350-302 

report  of  superintendent 862-366 

Alphabetical  index  to 966 

3 


4  TABLE    OF    CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Chief  of  Engineers,  report  of 366-376 

AliiLabotical  iiuU'X  to 966 

Mississijipi  Eiver  Commission,  report  of 376-383 

Chief  of  Ordnance,  report  of 383-385 

Inspector-General,  report  of 385-389 

NAVY   Dr.rARTMFNT. 

Secretary  of  the  Navy,  annual  report  of , 391-451 

Naval  Academy,  report  of  Board  of  Visitors 452^59 

Buperinteudeut 469,  470 

Bureau  of  Yards,  report  of  chief 459^61 

Equipment,  report  of  chief 461-463 

Navigation,  report  of  chief 467-469 

H ydrographer,  rei)ort  of 472-475 

Bureau  of  Ordnance,  report  of 475-478 

Marine  Corps,  report  of  commandant 478-'180 

Alphahetical  index  to  report  and  accompanying  documents 966,  967 

POST-OFt'JCE  DEl'AKTMKXT. 

Postmaster-General,  annual  report  of 484-524 

Alphabetical  index  to 968,  969 

First  Assistant  Postmaster-Gcueral,  report  of 525-536 

Alphabetical  index  to 969 

Second  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  report  of 537-539 

Third  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  report  of 542-544 

I'ourth  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  report  of 544-547 

Eailway  Mail  Service,  report  of  superintendent 540,  541 

INTKIUOH    DErAIiTMEXT. 

Secretary  of  the  Interior,  annual  rejiort  of 549-642 

Alphabetical  index  to 969-972 

Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office,  report  of 643-668 

Appended  tables 668-684 

Alphabetical  index  to 972 

Commissioner  of  Indian  Atfairs,  report  of 685-730 

Alphabetical  index  to 972,  973 

Patent  Office,  report  of  Commissioner 730-733 

Pension  Office,  report  of  Commissioner 733-783 

Alphabetical  index  to 973,  974 

Census,  report  of  Superintendent 784-792 

Alphal)etical  index  to 974 

Commissioner  of  Railroads,  report  of 792-869 

Al])habetical  index  to 974,  975 

Howard  University,  report  of  president 872,  873 

Columbian  Listitute  for  Deaf  and  Dumb,  report  of 873-876 

Freeduieu's  Hospital,  report  of 876-878 

Government  Hospital  for  Insane,  report  of  board  of  visitors 878,  879 

Architect  of  Capitol,  report  of 879-882 

Hot  Springs  Reservation,  report  of  superintendent 882-885 

Nat  ional  paries,  reports  of  superintendents 885-912 

Maritime  Canal  Company  of  Nicaragua,  report  of. 912-914 

AGRICULTURAL  DEPARTMENT. 

Secretary  of  Agriculture,  annual  report  of 915-958 

Alphabetical  index  to 976,  977 


M  ESS  AGE. 


To  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  : 

The  constitutional  duty  which  requires  tlie  President  from  time 
to  time  to  give  to  the  Congress  information  of  the  state  of  the  Union, 
and  recommend  to  their  consideration  such  measures  as  he  shall 
judge  necessary  and  expedient,  is  fittingly  entered  upon  by  com- 
mending to  the  Congress  a  careful  examination  of  the  detailed  state- 
ments and  well-supported  recommendations  contained  in  the  reports 
of  the  heads  of  Departments,  who  are  chiefly  charged  with  the 
executive  work  of  the  Government.  In  an  effort  to  abridge  this 
communication  as  much  as  is  consistent  with  its  purpose,  I  shall 
supplement  a  brief  reference  to  the  contents  of  these  departmental 
reports  by  the  mention  of  such  executive  business  and  incidents  as 
are  not  embraced  therein,  and  by  such  recommendations  as  appear 
to  be  at  this  particular  time  appropriate. 

While  our  foreign  relations  have  not  at  all  times  during  the  past 
year  been  entirely  free  from  perplexity,  no  embarrassing  situation 
remains  that  will  not  yield  to  the  spirit  of  fairness  and  love  of  jus- 
tice, which,  joined  with  consistent  firmness,  characterize  a  truly 
American  foreign  policy. 

My  predecessor  having  accepted  the  office  of  arbitrator  of  tlie 
long-standing  missions  boundary  dispute,  tendered  to  the  President 
by  the  Argentine  Republic  and  Brazil,  it  has  been  my  agreeable 
duty  to  receive  the  special  envoys  commissioned  by  those  states  to 
lay  before  me  evidence  and  arguments  in  behalf  of  their  respective 
Governments. 

The  outbreak  of  domestic  hostilities  in  the  Republic  of  Brazil 
found  the  United  States  alert  to  watch  the  interests  of  our  citizens 
in  that  country,  with  which  we  carry  on  important  commerce. 
Several  vessels  of  our  new  Navy  are  now,  and  for  some  time  have 
been,  stationed  at  Rio  de  Janeiro.  The  struggle  being  between  the 
established  government,  which  controls  the  machinery  of  adminis- 

5 


b  MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

tration,  and  with  which  wc  maintain  friendly  relations,  and  certain 
officers  of  the  navy  employing  the  vessels  of  their  command  in  an 
attack  upon  the  national  capital  and  chief  seajDort,  and  lacking,  as 
it  does,  the  elements  of  divided  administration,  I  have  failed  to  see 
that  tlie  insurgents  can  reasonably  claim  recognition  as  belligerents. 
Thus  far  the  position  of  our  Government  has  been  that  of  an  at- 
tentive but  impartial  observer  of  the  unfortunate  conflict.  Empha- 
sizing our  fixed  policy  of  impartial  neutrality  in  such  a  condition 
of  affairs  as  now  exists,  I  deemed  it  necessary  to  disavow,  in  a 
manner  not  to  be  misunderstood,  the  unauthorized  action  of  our  late 
naval  commander  in  those  waters  in  saluting  the  revolted  Brazilian 
admiral,  being  indisposed  to  countenance  an  act  calculated  to  give 
gratuitous  sanction  to  the  local  insurrection. 

The  convention  between  our  Government  and  Chile,  having  for 
its  object  the  settlement  and  adjustment  of  the  demands  of  the  two 
countries  against  each  other,  has  been  made  effective  by  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Claims  Commission  provided  for.  The  two  Govern- 
ments failing  to  agree  upon  the  third  member  of  the  Commission, 
the  good  offices  of  the  President  of  the  Swiss  Republic  were  invoked, 
as  provided  in  the  treaty,  and  the  selection  of  the  Swiss  representa- 
tive in  this  country  to  complete  the  organization  was  gratifying 
alike  to  the  United  States  and  Chile. 

The  vexatious  question  of  so-called  legation  asylum  for  offenders 
against  the  State  and  its  laws  was  presented  anew  in  Chile  by  the 
unauthorized  action  of  the  late  United  States  minister  in  receiving 
into  his  official  residence  two  persons  who  had  just  failed  in  an 
attempt  at  revolution  and  against  whom  criminal  charges  were  pend- 
ing growing  out  of  a  former  abortive  disturbance.  The  doctrine 
of  asylum  as  applied  to  this  case  is  not  sanctioned  by  the  best  prec- 
edents and,  when  allowed,  tends  to  encourage  sedition  and  strife. 
Under  no  circumstances  can  the  representatives  of  this  Government 
be  permitted,  under  the  ill-defined  fiction  of  extraterritoriality,  to 
interrupt  the  administration  of  criminal  justice  in  the  countries  to 
which  they  are  accredited.  A  temperate  demand  having  been  made 
by  the  Chilean  Government  for  the  correction  of  this  conduct  in  the 
instance  mentioned,  tlie  minister  was  instructed  no  longer  to  harbor 
the  offenders. 

The  legislation  of  last  year,  known  as  the  Geary  law,  requiring 
the  registration  of  all  Chinese  laborers  entitled  to  residence  in  the 
United  States,  and  the  deportation  of  f-.ll  not  complying  with  the 
provisions  of  the  act  within  the  time  prescribed,  met  with  much 


MESSAGE    OF    THE   PRESIDENT.  .  / 

opposition  from  Chinamen  in  this  country.  Acting  upon  the  advice 
of  eminent  counsel  that  the  law  was  unconstitutional,  the  great  mass 
of  Chinese  laborers,  pending  judicial  inquiry  as  to  its  validity,  in 
good  faith  declined  to  apply  for  the  certificates  required  by  its  pro- 
visions. A  test  case  upon  proceeding  by  habeas  corpiLs  was  brought 
before  the  Supreme  Court,  and  on  May  15,  1893,  ^  decision  was 
made  by  that  tribunal  sustaining  the  law. 

It  is  believed  that  under  the  recent  amendment  of  the  act  extend- 
ing the  time  for  registration,  the  Chinese  laborers  thereto  entitled, 
who  desire  to  reside  in  this  country,  will  now  avail  themselves  of 
the  renewed  privilege  thus  afforded  of  establishing  by  lawful  pro- 
cedure their  right  to  remain,  and  that  thereby  the  necessity  of  en- 
forced deportation  may  to  a  great  degree  be  avoided. 

It  has  devolved  upon  the  United  States  minister  at  Peking,  as 
dean  of  the  diplomatic  body,  and  in  the  absence  of  a  representative  of 
Sweden  and  Norway,  to  press  upon  the  Chinese  Government  repar- 
ation for  the  recent  murder  of  Swedish  missionaries  at  Sung-pu. 
This  question  is  of  vital  interest  to  all  countries  whose  citizens 
engage  in  missionary  work  in  the  interior. 

By  Article  XII  of  the  General  Act  of  Brussels,  signed  July  2, 
1890,  for  the  suppression  of  the  slave  trade  and  the  restriction  of 
certain  injurious  commerce  in  the  Independent  State  of  the  Congo 
and  in  the  adjacent  zone  of  central  Africa,  the  United  States  and  the 
other  signatory  powers  agreed  to  adopt  appropriate  means  for  the 
punishment  of  persons  selling  arms  and  ammunition  to  the  natives 
and  for  the  confiscation  of  the  inhibited  articles.  It  being  the  plain 
duty  of  this  Government  to  aid  in  suppressing  the  nefarious  traffic, 
impairing  as  it  does  the  praiseworthy  and  civilizing  efforts  now  in 
progress  in  that  region,  I  recommend  that  an  act  be  passed  prohib- 
iting the  sale  of  arms  and  intoxicants  to  natives  in  the  regulated 
zone  by  our  citizens. 

Costa  Rica  has  lately  testified  its  friendliness  by  surrendering  to 
the  United  States,  in  the  absence  of  a  convention  of  extradition, 
but  upon  duly  submitted  evidence  of  criminality,  a  noted  fugitive 
from  justice.  It  is  trusted  that  the  negotiation  of  a  treaty  with 
that  country  to  meet  recurring  cases  of  this  kind  will  soon  be  accom- 
plished. In  my  opinion  treaties  for  reciprocal  extradition  should 
be  concluded  with  all  those  countries  with  which  the  United  States 
has  not  already  conventional  arrangements  of  that  character. 

I  have  deemed  it  fitting  to  express  to  the  Governments  of  Costa 
Rica  and  Colombia  the  kindly  desire  of  the  United  ^States  to  see 


8  MESSAGE    OF   THE   PRESIDENT. 

their  pending  boundary  dispute  finally  closed  by  arbitration  in  con- 
formity with  the  spirit  of  the  treaty  concluded  between  them  some 
years  ago. 

Our  relations  with  the  French  Republic  continue  to  be  intimate 
and  cordial.  I  sincerely  hope  that  the  extradition  treaty  with  that 
country,  as  amended  by  the  Senate,  will  soon  be  operative. 

While  occasional  questions  affecting  our  naturalized  citizens  re- 
turning to  the  land  of  their  birth,  have  arisen  in  our  intercourse  with 
Germany,  our  relations  with  that  country  continue  satisfactory. 

The  questions  affecting  our  relations  with  Great  Britain  have 
been  treated  in  a  spirit  of  friendliness. 

Negotiations  are  in  progress  between  the  two  Governments  with 
a  view  to  such  concurrent  action  as  will  make  the  award  and  regu- 
lations agreed  upon  by  the  Behring  Sea  Tribunal  of  Arbitration 
practically  effective ;  and  it  is  not  doubted  that  Great  Britain  will 
cooperate  freely  with  this  country  for  the  accomplishment  of  that 
purpose. 

The  dispute  growing  out  of  the  discriminating  tolls  imposed  in 
the  Welland  Canal,  upon  cargoes  of  cereals  bound  to  and  from  the 
lake  ports  of  the  United  States,  was  adjusted  by  the  substitution  of 
a  more  equitable  schedule  of  charges,  and  my  predecessor  there- 
upon suspended  his  proclamation  imposing  discriminating  tolls 
upon  British  transit  through  our  canals. 

A  request  for  additions  to  the  list  of  extraditable  offenses  covered 
by  the  existing  treaty  between  the  two  countries,  is  under  consider- 
ation. 

During  the  past  year  an  American  citizen,  employed  in  a  sub- 
ordinate commercial  position  in  Haiti,  after  suffering  a  protracted 
imprisonment  on  an  unfounded  charge  of  smuggling,  was  finally 
liberated  on  judicial  examination.  Upon  urgent  representation  to 
the  Haitian  Government,  a  suitable  indemnity  was  ]3aid  to  the 
sufferer. 

By  a  law  of  Haiti,  a  sailing  vessel,  having  discharged  her  cargo,  is 
refused  clearance  until  the  duties  on  such  cargo  have  been  paid. 
The  hardship  of  this  measure  upon  American  shipowners  who  con- 
duct the  bulk  of  the  carrying  trade  of  that  country  has  been  in- 
sisted on  with  a  view  of  securing  the  removal  of  this  cause  of  com- 
plaint. 

Upon  receiving  authentic  information  of  the  firing  upon  an  Ameri- 
can mail  steamer  touching  at  the  port  of  Amapala,  because  her 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PEESIDENT.  9 

captain  refused  to  deliver  up  a  -passenger  in  transit  from  Nicaragua 
to  Guatemala  upon  demand  of  the  military  authorities  of  Honduras, 
our  minister  to  that  country  under  instructions  protested  against  the 
wanton  act  and  demanded  satisfaction.  The  Government  of  Hon- 
duras, actuated  by  a  sense  of  justice,  and  in  a  spirit  of  the  utmost 
friendship,  promptly  disavowed  the  illegal  conduct  of  its  officers,  and 
expressed  sincere  regret  for  the  occurrence. 

It  is  confidently  anticipated  that  a  satisfactory  adjustment  will 
soon  be  reached  of  the  questions  arising  out  of  the  seizure  and  use 
of  American  vessels  by  insurgents  in  Honduras  and  the  subsequent 
denial  by  the  successful  Government  of  commercial  privileges  to 
those  vessels  on  that  account. 

A  notable  part  of  the  southeasterly  coast  of  Liberia  between 
the  Cavally  and  San  Pedro  rivers,  which  for  nearly  half  a  century 
has  been  generally  recognized  as  belonging  to  that  Republic  by  ces- 
sion and  purchase,  has  been  claimed  to  be  under  the  protectorate  of 
France  in  virtue  of  agreements  entered  into  by  the  native  tribes  over 
whom  I/iberia's  control  has  not  been  well  maintained. 

More  recently,  negotiations  between  the  Liberian  representative 
and  the  French  Government  resulted  in  the  signature  at  Paris  of  a 
treaty  whereby  as  an  adjustment,  certain  Liberian  territory  is  ceded 
to  France.  This  convention  at  last  advices  had  not  been  ratified  by 
the  Liberian  legislature  and  executive. 

Feeling  a  sympathetic  interest  in  the  fortunes  of  the  little  com- 
monwealth, the  establishment  and  development  of  which  were 
largely  aided  by  the  benevolence  of  our  countrymen,  and  which 
constitutes  the  only  independently  sovereign  state  on  the  West  Coast 
of  Africa,  this  Government  has  suggested  to  the  French  Govern- 
ment its  earnest  concern  lest  territorial  impairment  in  Liberia 
should  take  place  without  her  unconstrained  consent. 

Our  relations  with  Mexico  continue  to  be  of  that  close  and 
friendly  nature  which  should  always  characterize  the  intercourse 
of  two  neighboring  republics. 

The  work  of  relocating  the  monuments  marking  the  boundary 
between  the  two  countries  from  Paso  del  Norte  to  the  Pacific  is  now 
nearly  completed. 

The  Commission  recently  organized  under  the  conventions  of 
1884  and  1889  it  is  expected  will  speedily  settle  disputes  growing 
out  of  the  shifting  currents  of  the  Rio  Grande  River  east  of  El  Paso. 

Nicaragua  has  recently  passed  through  two  revolutions,  the  party 
at  first  successful  having  in  turn  been  displaced  by  another.     Our 


10  MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

newly  appointed  minister,  by  his  'timely  good  offices,  aided  in  a 
peaceful  adjustment  of  the  controversy  involved  in  the  first  conflict. 
The  large  American  interests  es^blished  in  that  country  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Nicaragua  Canal  were  not  molested. 

The  canal  company  has,  unfortunately,  become  financially  seri- 
ously embarrassed,  but  a  generous  treatment  has  been  extended  to 
it  by  the  Government  of  Nicaragua.  The  United  States  are  espe- 
cially interested  in  the  successful  achievement  of  the  vast  undertak- 
ing this  company  has  in  charge.  That  it  should  be  accomplished 
under  distinctively  American  auspices,  and  its  enjoyment  assured 
not  only  to  the  vessels  of  this  country  as  a  channel  of  communica- 
tion between  our  Atlantic  and  Pacific  seaboards,  but  to  the  ships  of 
the  world  in  the  interests  of  civilization,  is  a  proposition  which,  in 
my  judgment,  does  not  admit  of  question. 

Guatemala  has  also  been  visited  by  the  political  vicissitudes  which 
have  afflicted  her  Central  American  neighbors;  but  the  dissolution 
of  its  legislature  and  the  proclamation  of  a  dictatorship  have  been 
unattended  with  civil  war. 

An  extradition  treaty  with  Norway  has  recently  been  exchanged 
and  proclaimed. 

The  extradition  treaty  with  Russia,  signed  in  March,  1887,  and 
amended  and  confirmed  by  the  Senate  in  February  last,  was  duly 
proclaimed  last  June. 

Ivcd  by  a  desire  to  compose  differences  and  contribute  to  the 
restoration  of  order  in  Samoa,  which  for  some  years  previous  had 
been  the  scene  of  conflicting  foreign  pretensions  and  native  strife, 
the  United  States,  departing  from  its  policy  consecrated  by  a  cen- 
tury of  observance,  entered  four  years  ago  into  the  treaty  of  Berlin, 
thereby  becoming  jointly  bound  with  England  and  Germany  to 
establish  and  maintain  Malietoa  Laupepa  as  King  of  Samoa.  The 
treaty  provided  for  a  foreign  court  of  justice;  a  municipal  council 
for  the  district  of  Apia,  with  a  foreign  president  thereof,  authorized 
to  advise  the  King;  a  tribunal  for  the  settlement  of  native  and  for- 
eign land  titles,  and  a  revenue  system  for  the  Kingdom.  It  entailed 
upon  the  three  powers  that  part  of  the  cost  of  the  new  Government 
not  met  by  the  revenue  of  the  islands. 

Early  in  the  life  of  this  triple  protectorate  the  native  dissensions 
it  was  designed  to  quell,  revived.  Rivals,  defied  the  authority  of 
the  new  King,  refusing  to  pay  taxes  and  demanding  the  election  of 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.  11 

a  ruler  by  native  suffrage.  Mataafa,  an  aspirant  to  the  throne,  and 
a  large  number  of  his  native  adherents  were  in  open  rebellion  on 
one  of  the  islands.  Quite  lately,  at  the  request  of  the  other  powers, 
and  in  fulfillment  of  its  treaty  obligation,  this  Government  agreed 
to  unite  in  a  joint  military  movement  of  such  dimensions  as  would 
probably  secure  the  surrender  of  the  insurgents  without  bloodshed. 

The  war  ship  Philadelphia  was  accordingly  put  under  orders  for 
Samoa,  but  before  she  arrived  the  threatened  conflict  was  precipi- 
tated by  King  Malietoa's  attack  upon  the  insurgent  camp.  Mataafa 
was  defeated  and  a  number  of  his  men  killed.  The  British  and 
German  naval  vessels  present  subsequently  secured  the  surrender  of 
Mataafa  and  his  adherents.  The  defeated  chief  and  ten  of  his  prin- 
cipal supporters  were  deported  to  a  German  island  of  the  T\Iarsliall 
group,  where  they  are  held  as  prisoners  under  the  joint  responsibil- 
ity and  cost  of  the  three  powers. 

This  incident  and  the  events  leading  up  to  it  signally  illustrate 
the  impolicy  of  entangling  alliances  with  foreign  powers. 

More  than  fifteen  years  ago  this  Government  preferred  a  claim 
against  Spain,  in  behalf  of  one  of  our  citizens,  for  property  seized 
and  confiscated  in  Cuba.  In  1886  the  claim  was  adjusted,  Spain 
agreeing  to  pay,  unconditionally,  as  a  fair  indemnity,  $1,500,000. 
A  respectful  but  earnest  note  was  recently  addressed  to  the  Spanish 
Government  insisting  upon  prompt  fulfillment  of  its  long-neglected 
obligation. 

Other  claims,  preferred  by  the  United  States  against  Spain,  in  be- 
half of  American  citizens  for  property  confiscated  in  Cuba,  have  been 
pending  for  many  years. 

At  the  time  Spain's  title  to  the  Caroline  Islands  was  confirmed  by 
arbitration,  that  Government  agreed  that  the  rights  v/hich  had  been 
acquired  there  by  American  missionaries  should  be  recognized  and 
respected.  It  is  sincerely  hoped  that  this  pledge  will  be  observed 
by  allowing  our  missionaries,  who  were  removed  from  Ponape  to  a 
place  of  safety  by  a  United  States  war  ship  during  the  late  troubles 
between  the  Spanish  garrison  and  the  natives,  to  return  to  their  field 
of  usefulness. 

The  reproduced  caravel,  Santa  Maria^  built  by  Spain  and  sent  to 
the  Columbian  Exposition,  has  been  presented  to  the  United  States 
in  token  of  amity  and  in  commemoration  of  the  event  it  was  de- 
signed to  celebrate.  I  recommend  that,  in  accepting  this  gift.  Con- 
gress make  grateful  recognition  of  the  sincere  friendship  which 
prompted  it. 


12  MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

Important  matters  liave  demanded  attention  in  our  relations  with 
the  Ottoman  Porte. 

The  firing^and  partial  destruction,  by  an  unrestrained  mob,  of 
one  of  the  school  buildings  of  Anatolia  College,  established  by  citi- 
zens of  the  United  States  at  Marsovan,  and  the  apparent  indiffer- 
ence of  the  Turkish  Government  to  the  outrage,  notwithstanding  the 
complicity  of  some  of  its  officials,  called  for  earnest  remonstrance, 
which  was  followed  by  promises  of  reparation  and  punishment  of 
the  offenders. 

Indemnity  for  the  injury  to  the  buildings  has  already  been  paid, 
permission  to  rebuild  given,  registration  of  the  school  property  in 
the  name  of  the  American  owners  secured,  and  efficient  protection 
guaranteed. 

Information  received  of  maltreatment  suffered  by  an  inoffensive 
American  woman  engaged  in  missionary  work  in  Turkish  Koor- 
distan  was  followed  by  such  representations  to  the  Porte  as  resulted 
in  the  issuance  of  orders  for  the  punishment  of  her  assailants,  the 
removal  of  a  delinquent  official,  and  the  adoption  of  measures  for 
the  protection  of  our  citizens  engaged  in  mission  and  other  lawful 
work  in  that  quarter. 

Turkey  complains  that  her  Armenian  subjects  obtain  citizenship 
in  this  country,  not  to  identify  themselves  in  good  faith  with  our 
people,  but  with  the  intention  of  returning  to  the  land  of  their 
birth  and  there  engaging  in  sedition.  This  complaint  is  not 
wholly  without  foundation.  A  journal  published  in  this  country 
in  the  Armenian  language  openly  counsels  its  readers  to  arm,  or- 
ganize, and  participate  in  movements  for  the  subversion  of  Turkish 
authority  in  the  Asiatic  provinces.  The  Ottoman  Government  has 
announced  its  intention  to  expel  from  its  dominions  Armenians 
who  have  obtained  naturalization  in  the  United  States  since  1868. 

The  right  to  exclude  any  or  all  classes  of  aliens  is  an  attribute  of 
sovereignty.  It  is  a  right  asserted  and,  to  a  limited  extent,  en- 
forced by  the  United  States,  with  the  sanction  of  our  highest  court. 
There  being  no  naturalization  treaty  between  the  United  States  and 
Turkey,  our  minister  at  Constantinople  has  been  instructed  that, 
while  recognizing  the  right  of  that  Government  to  enforce  its  de- 
clared policy  against  naturalized  Armenians,  he  is  expected  to  pro- 
tect them  from  unnecessary  harshness  of  treatment. 

In  view  of  the  impaired  financial  resources  of  Venezuela,  conse- 
quent upon  the  recent  revolution  there,  a  modified  arrangement  for 
the  satisfaction  of  the  awards  of  the  late  revisory  Claims  Commis- 
sion, in  progressive  installments,  has  been  assented  to,  and  payments 
are  being  regularly  made  thereunder. 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.  13 

The  boundary  dispute  between  Venezuela  and  British  Guiana  is 
yet  unadjusted.  A  restoration  of  diplomatic  intercourse  between 
that  Republic  and  Great  Britain  and  reference  of  the  question,  tQ 
impartial  arbitration,  would  be  a  most  gratifying  consummation. 

The  ratification  by  Venezuela  of  the  convention  for  the  arbitra- 
tion of  the  long-deferred  claim  of  the  Venezuelan  Transportation 
Company,  is  awaited. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  for  me  to  state  that  the  questions  arising 
from  our  relations  with  Hawaii  have  caused  serious  embarrass- 
ment. Just  prior  to  the  installation  of  the  present  administration 
the  existing  Government  of  Hawaii  had  been  suddenly  overthrown, 
and  a  treaty  of  annexation  had  been  negotiated  between  the  Pro- 
visional Government  of  the  islands  and  the  United  States,  and  sub- 
mitted to  the  Senate  for  ratification.  This  treaty  I  withdrew  for 
examinat/on,  and  dispatched  Hon.  James  H.  Blount,  of  Georgia,  to 
Honolulu  as  a  special  commissioner  to  make  an  impartial  investiga- 
tion of  the  circumstances  attending  the  change  of  government,  and 
of  all  the  conditions  bearing  upon  the  subject  of  the  treaty.  After 
a  thorough  and  exhaustive  examination  Mr.  Blount  submitted  to 
me  his  report,  showing  beyond  all  question  that  the  constitutional 
Government  of  Hawaii  had  been  subverted  with  the  active  aid  of 
our  representative  to  that  Government,  and  through  the  intimida- 
tion caused  by  the  presence  of  an  armed  naval  force  of  the  United 
States  which  was  landed  for  that  purpose  at  the  instance  of  our 
minister.  Upon  the  facts  developed  it  seemed  to  me  the  only  hon- 
orable course  for  our  Government  to  pursue  was  to  undo  the  wrong 
that  had  been  done  by  those  representing  us  and  to  restore  as  far  as 
practicable  the  status  existing  at  the  time  of  our  forcible  inter\^en- 
tion.  With  a  view  of  accomplishing  this  result  within  the  consti- 
tutional limits  of  executive  power,  and  recognizing  all  our  obliga- 
tions and  responsibilities  growing  out  of  any  changed  conditions 
brought  about  by  our  unjustifiable  interference,  our  present  min- 
ister at  Honolulu  has  received  appropriate  instructions  to  that  end. 
Thus  far  no  information  of  the  accomplishment  of  any  definite 
results  has  been  received  from  him. 

Additional  advices  are  soon  expected.  When  received  they  will 
be  promptly  sent  to  the  Congress,  together  with  all  other  informa- 
tion at  hand,  accompanied  by  a  special  Executive  message  fully 
detailing  all  the  facts  necessary  to  a  complete  understanding  of  the 
case,  and  presenting  a  history  of  all  the  material  events  leading  up 
to  the  present  situation. 


14  MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

By  a  concurrent  resolution,  passed  by  the  Senate  February  14, 
1890,  and  by  tlie  House  of  Representatives  on  the  3d  of  April 
following-,  tlie  President  was  requested  "to  invite,  from  time  to 
time,  as  fit  occasions  may  arise,  negotiations  with  any  Government 
with  which  the  United  States  has  or  may  have  diplomatic  relations, 
to  the  end  that  any  differences  or  disputes  arising  between  the  two 
Governments  which  can  not  be  adjusted  by  diplomatic  agency  may 
be  referred  to  arbitration  and  be  peaceably  adjusted  by  such  means." 
April  18,  1890,  the  International  American  Conference  of  Washing- 
ton, by  resolution  expressed  the  wish  that  all  controversies  between 
the  republics  of  America  and  the  nations  of  Europe  might  be 
settled  by  arbitration,  and  recommended  that  the  Government  of 
each  nation  represented  in  that  conference  should  communicate  this 
wish  to  all  friendly  powers.  A  favorable  response  has  been  received 
from  Great  Britain  in  the  shape  of  a  resolution  adopted  by  Parlia- 
ment July  16  last,  cordially  sympathizing  with  the  purpose  in  view, 
and  expressing  the  hope  that  Her  Majesty's  Government  will  lend 
ready  cooperation  to  the  Government  of  the  United  States  upon 
the  basis  of  the  concurrent  resolution  above  quoted. 

It  affords  me  signal  pleasure  to  lay  this  parliamentary  resolution 
before  the  Congress  and  to  express  my  sincere  gratification  that  the 
sentiment  of  two  great  and  kindred  nations  is  thus  authoritatively, 
manifested  in  favor  of  the  rational  and  peaceable  settlement  of  inter- 
national quarrels  by  honorable  resort  to  arbitration. 

Since  the  passage  of  the  act  of  March  3,  1893,  authorizing  the 
President  to  raise  the  grade  of  our  envoys  to  correspond  with  the 
rank  in  which  foreign  countries  accredit  their  agents  here.  Great 
Britain,  France,  Italy,  and  Germany  have  conferred  upon  their  rep- 
resentatives at  this  capital  the  title  of  ambassador,  and  I  have  re- 
sponded by  accrediting  the  agents  of  the  United  States  in  those 
countries  with  the  same  title.  A  like  elevation  of  mission  is  an- 
nounced by  Russia,  and  when  made  will  be  similarly  met.  This 
step  fittingly  comports  with  the  position  the  United  States  hold  in 
the  family  of  nations. 

During  my  former  administration  I  took  occasion  to  recommend 
a  re-cast  of  the  laws  relating  to  the  consular  service,  in  order  that 
it  might  become  a  more  efficient  agency  in  the  promotion  of  the 
interests  it  was  intended  to  subserve.  The  duties  and  powers  of 
consuls  have  been  expanded  with  the  growing  requirements  of  our 
foreign  trade.  Discharging  important  duties  affecting  our  com- 
merce and  American  citizens  abroad,  and  in  certain  countries  exer- 
cising judicial  functions,  these  officers  should  be  men  of  character, 
intelligence,  and  ability. 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PEESIDENT.  15 

Upon  proof  that  the  legislation  of  Denmark  secures  copyright  to 
American  citizens  on  equal  footing  with  its  own,  the  privileges  of 
our  copyright  laws  have  been  extended  by  proclamation  to  sub- 
jects of  that  country. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  reports  that  the  receipts  of  the 
Government  from  all  sources  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 
1893,  amounted  to  $461,716,561.94  and  its  expenditures  to  $459,- 
374,674.29.  There  was  collected  from  customs  $205,355,016.73 
and  from  internal  revenue  $161,027,623.93.  Our  dutiable  imports 
amounted  to  $421,856,711,  an  increase  of  $52,453,907  over  the  pre- 
ceding year,  and  importations  free  of  duty  amounted  to  $444, 544, 211, 
a  decrease  from  the  preceding  year  of  $13,455,447.  Internal-rev- 
enue receipts  exceeded  those  of  the  preceding  year  by  $7,147,445.32. 

The  total  tax  collected  on  distilled  spirits  was  $94,720,260.55,  on 
manufactured  tobacco,  $31,889,711.74,  and  on  fermented  liquors, 
$32, 548, 983. 07.  We  exported  merchandise  during  the  year  amount- 
ing to  $847,665,194,  a  decrease  of  $182,612,954  from  the  preceding 
year.  The  amount  of  gold  exported  was  larger  than  any  previous 
year  in  the  history  of  the  Government,  amounting  to  $108,680,844, 
and  exceeding  the  amount  exported  during  the  preceding  year  by 

$58>485>5i7- 

The  sum  paid  from  the  Treasury  for  sugar  bounty  was  $9,375,- 
130.88,  an  increase  over  the  preceding  year  of  $2,033,053.09. 

It  is  estimated  upon  the  basis  of  present  revenue  laws  that  the 
receipts  of  the  Government  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1894,  will 
be  $430,121,365.38  and  its  expenditures  $458, 121,365.38,  resulting 
in  a  deficiency  of  $28,000,000. 

On  the  first  day  of  November,  1893,  the  amount  of  money  of  all 
kinds  in  circulation,  or  not  included  in  Treasury  holdings,  was 
$1,718,544,682,  an  increase  for  the  year  of  $112,404,947.  Estimat- 
ing our  population  at  67,426,000  at  the  time  mentioned  the  per 
capita  circulation  was  $25.49.  On  the  same  date  there  was  in  the 
Treasury  gold  bullion  amounting  to  $96,657,273  and  silver  bullion 
which  was  purchased  at  a  cost  of  $126,261,553. 

The  purchases  of  silver  under  the  law  of  July  14,  1890,  during 
the  last  fiscal  year,  aggregated  54,008,162.59  fine  ounces,  which 
cost  $45,531,374.53.  The  total  amount  of  silver  purchased  from 
the  time  that  law  became  operative  until  the  repeal  of  its  purchas- 
ing clause,  on  the  ist  day  of  November,  1893,  was  168,674,590.46 
fine  ounces,  which  cost  $155,930,940.84.  Between  the  ist  day  of 
March,  1873,  and  the  ist  day  of  November,  1893,  the  Government 
purchased,  under  all  laws,  503,003,717  fine  ounces  of  silver  at  a 


16  MESSAGE    OF   THE    PKESIDENT. 

cost  of  $516,622,948.  The  silver  dollars  that  have  been  coined 
under  the  act  of  July  14,  1890,  number  36,087,285.  The  seignior- 
age arising  from  such  coinage  was  $6,977,098.39,  leaving  on  hand  in 
the  mints  140,699,760  fine  ounces  of  silver,  which  cost  $126,758,218. 

Our  total  coinage  of  all  metals  during  the  last  fiscal  year  consisted 
of  97,280,875  pieces  valued  at  $43,685,178.80,  of  which  there  was 
$30,038,140  in  gold  coin,  $5,343,715  iu  silver  dollars,  $7,217,220.90 
in  subsidiary  silver  coin,  and  $1,086,102.90  in  minor  coins. 

During  the  calendar  year  1892  the  production  of  precious  metals 
in  the  United  States  was  estimated  to  be  1,596,375  fine  ounces 
of  gold  of  the  commercial  and  coinage  value  of  $33,000,000,  and 
58,000,000-  fine  ounces  of  silver  of  the  bullion  or  market  value  of 
$50,750,000  and  of  the  coinage  value  of  $74,989,900. 

It  is  estimated  that  on  the  first  day  of  July,  1893,  the  metallic 
stock  of  money  in  the  United  States,  consisting  of  coin  and  bul- 
lion, amounted  to  $1,213,559,169,  of  which  $597,697,685  was  gold 
and  $615,861,484  was  silver. 

One  hundred  and  nineteen  national  banks  were  organized  during 
the  year  ending  October  31,  1893,  with  a  capital  of  $11,230,000. 
Forty-six  went  into  voluntary  liquidation  and  one  hundred  and 
fifty-eight  suspended.  Sixty-five  of  the  suspended  banks  were 
insolvent,  eighty-six  resumed  business,  and  seven  remain  in  the 
hands  of  bank  examiners,  with  prospects  of  speedy  resumption. 
Of  the  new  banks  organized,  forty-four  were  located  in  the  Eastern 
States,  forty-one  west  of  the  Mississippi  River,  and  thirty-four  in 
the  Central  and  Southren  States.  The  total  number  of  national 
banks  in  existence  on  the  31st  day  of  October,  1893,  was  3,796, 
having  an  aggregate  capital  of  $695,558,120.  The  net  increase  in 
the  circulation  of  these  banks  during  the  year  was  $36,886,972. 

The  recent  repeal  of  the  provision  of  law  requiring  the  purchase 
of  silver  bullion  by  the  Government  as  a  feature  of  our  monetary 
scheme,  has  made  an  entire  change  in  the  complexion  of  our  cur- 
rency aflfairs,  I  do  not  doubt  that  the  ultimate  result  of  this  action 
will  be  most  salutary  and  far-reaching.  In  the  nature  of  things, 
however,  it  is  impossible  to  know  at  this  time,  precisely  what  con- 
ditions will  be  brought  about  by  the  change,  or  what,  if  any,  sup- 
plementary legislation  may,  in  the  light  of  such  conditions,  appear 
to  be  essential  or  expedient.  Of  course,  after  the  recent  financial 
perturbation,  time  is  necessary  for  the  reestablishment  of  business 
confidence.  When,  however,  through  this  restored  confidence  the 
money  which  has  been  frightened  into  Tioarding  places  is  returned 
to  trade  and  enterprise,  a  survey  of  the  situation  will  probably  dis- 
close a  safe  path  leading  to  a  permanently  sound  currency,  abund- 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.  17 

antly  sufficient  to  meet  every  requirement  of  our  increasing  popu- 
lation and  business. 

In  the  pursuit  of  this  object  we  should  resolutely  turn  away  from 
alluring  and  temporary  expedients,  determined  to  be  content  with 
nothing  less  than  a  lasting  and  comprehensive  financial  plan.  In 
these  circumstances  I  am  convinced  that  a  reasonable  delay  in  deal- 
ing with  this  subject,  instead  of  being  injurious,  will  increase  the 
probability  of  wise  action. 

The  Monetary  Conference  which  assembled  at  Brussels  upon  our 
invitation  was  adjourned  to  the  30th  day  of  November  in  the  present 
year.  The  considerations  just  stated  and  the  fact  that  a  definite 
proposition  from  us  seemed  to  be  expected  upon  the  reassembling 
of  the  conference,  led  me  to  express  a  willingness  to  have  the  meet- 
ing still  further  postponed. 

It  seems  to  me  that  it  would  be  wise  to  give  general  authority  to 
the  President  to  invite  other  nations  to  such  a  conference  at  any 
time  when  there  should  be  a  fair  prospect  of  accomplishing  an  inter- 
national agreement  on  the  subject  of  coinage. 

I  desire  also  to  earnestly  suggest  the  wisdom  of  amending  the  ex- 
isting statutes  in  regard  to  the  issuance  of  Government  bonds.  The 
authority  now  vested  in  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  issue  bonds 
is  not  as  clear  as  it  should  be,  and  the  bonds  authorized  are  disad- 
vantageous to  the  Government  both  as  to  the  time  of  their  maturity 
and  rate  of  interest. 

The  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  through  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  reports  that  during  the  last  fiscal  year  there  arrived  at  our 
ports  440,793  immigrants.  Of  these  1,063  were  not  permitted  to 
land  under  the  limitations  of  the  law,  and  577  were  returned  to  the 
countries  from  whence  they  came  by  reason  of  their  having  become 
public  charges.  The  total  arrivals  were  141,034  less  than  for  the  pre- 
vious year. 

The  Secretary  in  his  report  gives  an  account  of  the  operation  of 
the  Marine-Hospital  Service  and  of  the  good  work  done  under  its 
supervision  in  preventing  the  entrance  and  spread  of  contagious 
diseases. 

The  admonitions  of  the  last  two  years  touching  our  public  health 
and  the  demonstrated  danger  of  the  introduction  of  contagious 
diseases  from  foreign  ports  has  invested  the  subject  of  national 
quarantine  with  increased  interest.  A  more  general  and  harmonious 
system  than  now  exists,  acting  promptly  and  directly  everywhere, 
and  constantly  operating  by  preventive  means  to  shield  our  country 
from  the  invasion  of  disease,  and  at  the  same  time  having  due 
regard  to  the  rights  and  duties  of  local  agencies,  would,  I  believe, 
add  greatly  to  the  safety  of  our  people. 
Ab.  93 2 


18  MESSAGE    OF    THE   PRESIDENT. 

The  Secretary  of  War  reports  tliat  the  strength  of  the  Army  on 
the  30th  day  of  September  last  was  25,778  enlisted  men  and  2,144 
officers. 

The  total  expenditures  of  the  Department  for  the  year  ending 
June30, 1893,  amounted  to  $51,966,074. 89.  Of  thissum,  $1,992,581.95 
was  for  salaries  and  contingent  expenses,  $23,377,828.35  for  the 
support  of  the  military  establishment,  $6,077,033.18  for  miscella- 
neous objects,  and  $20,518,631.41  for  public  works.  This  latter 
sum  includes  $15,296,876.46  for  river  and  harbor  improvements  and 
$3,266,141.20  for  fortifications  and  other  works  of  defense. 

The  total  enrollment  of  the  militia  of  the  several  States  was,  on 
the  31st  of  October  of  the  current  year,  112,597  officers  and  enlisted 
men.  The  officers  of  the  Army  detailed  for  the  inspection  and  in- 
struction of  this  reserve  of  our  military  force  report  that  increased 
interest  and  marked  progress  are  apparent  in  the  discipline  and  effi- 
ciency of  the  organization. 

Neither  Indian  outbreaks  nor  domestic  violence  have  called  the 
Army  into  service  during  the  year,  and  the  only  active  military  duty 
required  of  it  has  been  in  the  Department  of  Texas,  where  violations 
of  the  neutrality  laws  of  the  United  States  and  Mexico  were  promptly 
and  efficiently  dealt  with  by  the  troops,  eliciting-  the  warm  approval 
of  the  civil  and  military  authorities  of  both  countries. 

The  operation  of  wise  laws  and  the  influences  of  civilization  con- 
stantly tending  to  relieve  the  country  from  the  dangers  of  Indian 
hostilities,  together  with  the  increasing  ability  of  the  States,  through 
the  efficiency  of  the  National  Guard  organizations,  to  protect  their 
citizens  from  domestic  violence,  lead  to  the  suggestion  that  the  time 
is  fast  approaching  vvdien  there  should  be  a  reorganization  of  our 
Army  on  the  lines  of  the  present  necessities  of  the  country.  This 
change  contemplates  neither  increase  in  number  nor  added  expense, 
but  a  redistribution  of  the  force  and  an  encouragement  of  measures 
tending  to  greater  efficiency  among  the  men  and  improvement  of 
the  service. 

The  adoption  of  battalion  formations  for  infantry  regiments,  the 
strengthening  of  the  artillery  force,  the  abandonment  of  smaller  and 
unnecessary  posts,  and  the  massing  of  the  troops  at  important  and 
accessible  stations,  all  promise  to  promote  the  usefulness  of  the 
Army.  In  the  judgment  of  Army  officers,  with  but  few  exceptions, 
the  operation  of  the  law  forbidding  the  reenlistment  of  men  after 
ten  years'  service  has  not  proved  its  wisdom,  and  Avliile  the  argu- 
ments that  led  to  its  adoption  w^ere  not  without  merit,  the  experience 
of  the  year  constrains  me  to  join  in  the  recommendation  for  its 
repeal. 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.  19 

It  is  orratifyiiig  to  note  that  we  have  begun  to  attain  completed 
results  in  the  comprehensive  scheme  of  seacoast  defense  and  for- 
tification, entered  upon  eight  years  ago.  A  large  sum  has  been 
already  expended,  but  the  cost  of  maintenance  will  be  inconsid- 
erable as  compared  with  the  expense  of  construction  and  ord- 
nance. At  the  end  of  tlie  current  calendar  year  the  War  Depart- 
ment will  have  nine  12-inch,  twenty  lo-inch,  and  thirty-four  8- 
inch  guns,  ready  to  be  mounted  on  gun  lifts  and  carriages,  and 
seventy-five  12-inch  mortars.  In  addition  to  the  product  of  the 
Army  Gun  Factory,  now  completed  at  Watervliet,  the  Government 
has  contracted  with  private  parties  for  the  purchase  of  one  hundred 
guns  of  these  calibers,  the  first  of  which  should  be  delivered  to  the 
Department  for  test  before  July  i,  1894. 

The  manufacture  of  heavy  ordnance  keeps  pace  with  current 
needs;  but  to  render  these  guns  available  for  the  purposes  they  are 
designed  to  meet,  emplacements  must  be  prepared  for  them.  Prog- 
ress has  been  made  in  this  direction,  and  it  is  desirable  that  Con- 
gress by  adequate  appropriations  should  provide  for  the  uninterrupted 
prosecution  of  this  necessary  work. 

After  much  preliminary  v/ork  and  exhaustive  examination  in 
accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the  law,  the  board  appointed  to 
select  a  magazine  rifle  of  modern  type  with  which  to  replace  the 
obsolete  Springfield  rifle  of  the  infantry  service,  completed  its  labors 
during  the  last  year,  and  the  v/ork  of  manufacture  is  now  in  progress 
at  the  National  Armory  at  Springfield.  It  is  confidently  expected 
that  by  the  end  of  the  current  year  our  infantry  will  be  supplied 
with  a  weapon  equal  to  that  of  the  most  progressive -armies  of  the 
world. 

The  v/ork  on  the  projected  Chickamauga  and  Ciiattanooga  Na- 
tional Military  Park  lias  been  prosecuted  with  zeal  and  judgment, 
and  its  opening  will  be  celebrated  during  the  coming  year.  Over 
nine  square  miles  of  the  Chickamauga  battlefield  have  been  acquired, 
twenty-five  miles  of  roadway  have  been  constructed,  and  permanent 
tablets  have  been  placed  at  many  historical  points,  while  the  invi- 
tation to  the  States  to  mark  the  positions  of  their  troops  partici- 
pating in  the  battle,  has  been  very  generally  accepted. 

The  work  of  locating  and  preserving  the  lines  of  battle  at  the 
Gettysburg  battlefield  is  making  satisfactory  progress  on  the  plans 
directed  by  the  last  Congress. 

The  reports  of  the  IMilitary  Academy  at  West  Point  and  the  sev- 
eral schools  for  special  instruction  of  ofiicers,  show  marked  advance 
in  the  education  of  the  Army  and  a  commendable  ambition  among 
its  officers  to  excel  in  the  military  profession  and  to  fit  themselves 
for  the  highest  service  to  the  country. 


20  MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

Under  the  supervision  of  Adjutant-General  Robert  Williams, 
lately  retired,  the  Bureau  of  Military  Information  has  become  well 
established  and  is  performing  a  service  that  will  put  in  possession 
of  the  Government  in  time  of  war  most  valuable  information,  and 
at  all  times  serve  a  purpose  of  great  utility  in  keeping  the  Army 
advised  of  the  world's  progress  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  art 
of  war. 

The  report  of  the  Attorney-General  contains  the  usual  summary 
of  the  affairs  and  proceedings  of  the  Department  of  Justice  for  the 
past  year,  together  with  certain  recommendations  as  to  needed  legis- 
lation on  various  subjects,  I  can  not  too  heartily  indorse  the  prepo- 
sition that  the  fee  system  as  applicable  to  the  compensation  of 
United  States  attorneys,  marshals,  clerks  of  Federal  courts,  and 
United  States  commissioners,  should  be  abolished  with  as  little  delay- 
as  possible.  It  is  clearly  in  the  interest  of  the  community  that  the 
business  of  the  courts,  both  civil  and  criminal,  shall  be  as  small  and 
as  inexpensively  transacted  as  the  ends  of  justice  will  allow. 

The  system  is  therefore  thoroughly  vicious  which  makes  the  com- 
pensation of  court  officials  depend  upon  the  volume  of  such  business, 
and  thus  creates  a  conflict  between  a  proper  execution  of  the  law 
and  private  gain,  which  can  not  fail  to  be  dangerous  to  the  rights 
and  freedom  of  the  citizen  and  an  irresistible  temptation  to  the  un- 
justifiable expenditure  of  public  funds.  If  in  addition  to  this  reform 
another  was  inaugurated  which  would  give  to  United  States  com- 
missioners the  final  disposition  of  petty  offenses  within  the  grade  of 
misdemeanors,  especially  those  coming  under  the  internal-revenue 
laws,  a  great  advance  would  be  made  toward  a  more  decent  admin- 
istration of  the  criminal  law. 

In  my  first  message  to  Congress,  dated  December  8,  1885,  I 
strongly  recommended  these  changes  and  referred  somewhat  at 
length  to  the  evils  of  the  present  system.  Since  that  time  the  crim- 
inal business  of  the  Federal  courts  and  the  expense  attending  it  have 
enormously  increased.  The  number  of  criminal  prosecutions  pend- 
ing in  the  circuit  and  district  courts  of  the  United  States  on  the  first 
day  of  July,  1885,  was  three  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight,  of 
which  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eighty-four  were  for  viola- 
tions of  the  internal-revenue  laws,  while  the  number  of  such  prosecu- 
tions pending  on  the  first  day  of  July,  1893,  was  nine  thousand  five 
hundred,  of  which  four  thousand  two  hundred  were  for  violations 
of  the  internal-revenue  laws.  The  expense  of  the  United  States 
courts,  exclusive  of  judges'  salaries,  for  the  year  ending  July  i,  1885, 
was  $2,874,733, II,  and  for  the  year  ending  July  i,  1893,  $4,528,- 
676.87. 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.     '  21 

It  is  therefore  apparent  that  the  reasons  given  in  1885  for  a  change 
in  the  manner  of  enforcing  the  Federal  criminal  law,  have  gained 
cogency  and  strength  by  lapse  of  time. 

I  also  heartily  join  the  Attorney-General  in  recommending  legis- 
lation fixing  degrees  of  the  crime  of  murder  within  Federal  jurisdic- 
tion, as  has  been  done  in  many  of  the  States;  authorizing  writs  of  error 
on  behalf  of  the  Government  in  cases  where  final  judgment  is  ren- 
dered against  the  sufficiency  of  an  indictment  or  against  the  Govern- 
ment upon  any  other  question  arising  before  actual  trial;  limiting 
the  right  of  review  in  cases  of  felony  punishable  only  by  fine  and 
imprisonment  to  the  circuit  court  of  appeals,  and  making  speedy 
provision  for  the  construction  of  such  prisons  and  reformatories  as 
may  be  necessary  for  the  confinement  of  United  States  convicts. 

The  report  of  the  Postmaster-General  contains  a  detailed  state- 
ment of  the  operations  of  the  Post-Ofiice  Department  during  the 
last  fiscal  year  and  much  interesting  information  touching  this  im- 
portant branch  of  the  public  service. 

The  business  of  the  mails  indicates  with  absolute  certainty  the 
condition  of  the  business  of  the  country,  and  depression  in  financial 
affairs  inevitably  and  quickly  reduces  the  postal  revenues.  There- 
fore a  larger  discrepancy  than  usual  betv/cen  the  post-office  receipts 
and  expenditures  is  the  expected  and  unavoidable  result  of  the  dis- 
tressing stringency  which  ha.s  prevailed  throughout  the  country  dnr- 
ing  much  of  the  time  covered  by  the  Postmaster-Generars  report. 
At  a  date  when  better  times  were  anticipated  it  was  estimated  by 
his  predecessor  that  tlie  deficiency  on  the  30th  day  of  June,  1893, 
would  be  but  a  little  over  a  million  and  a  half  dollars.  It  amounted, 
however,  to  more  than  five  millions.  At  the  same  time,  and  under 
the  influence  of  like  anticipations,  estimates  were  made  for  the  cur- 
rent fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1894,  which  exhibited  a  surplus 
of  revenue  over  expenditures  of  $872, 245. 71 ;  but  now,  in  view  of  the 
actual  receipts  and  expenditures  during  that  part  of  the  current  fis- 
cal year  already  expired,  the  present  Postmaster-General  estimates 
that  at  its  close  instead  of  a  surplus  there  will  be  a  deficiency  of 
nearly  eight  million  dollars. 

The  post-office  receipts  for  the  last  fiscal  year  amounted  to  $75,- 
896,933.16  and  its  expenditures  to  $81,074,104.90.  This  post-office 
deficiency  would  disappear  or  be  immensely  decreased  if  less  matter 
was  carried  free  through  the  mails,  an  item  of  which  is  upward  of 
three  hundred  tons  of  seeds  and  grain  from  the  Agricultural  Depart- 
ment. 


22  MESSAGE    OF    THE   PRESIDENT. 

The  total  number  of  post-offices  in  the  United  States  on  the  30th 
day  of  June,  1893,  was  68,403,  an  increase  of  1,284  over  the  pre- 
ceding year.  Of  these  3,360  were  Presidential,  an  increase  in  that 
class  of  204  over  the  preceding  year. 

Forty-two  free-delivery  offices  were  added  during  the  year  to  those 
already  existing,  making  a  total  of  six  hundred  and  ten  cities  and 
towns  provided  with  free  delivery  on  June  30,  1893.  Ninety-three 
other  cities  and  towns  are  now  entitled  to  this  service  under  the  law, 
but  it  has  not  been'accorded  them  on  account  of  insufficient  funds 
to  meet  the  expense  of  its  establishment. 

I  am  decidedly  of  the  opinion  that  the  provisions  of  the  present 
law  permit  as  general  an  introduction  of  this  feature  of  mail  service 
as  is  necessary  or  justifiable,  and  that  it  ought  not  to  be  extended  to 
smaller  communities  than  are  now  designated. 

The  expense  of  free  delivery  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1894,  will  be  more  than  $11,000,000,  and  under  legislation  now 
existing  there  must  be  a  constant  increase  in  this  item  of  ex- 
penditure. 

There  were  6,401  additions  to  the  domestic  money-order  oflices 
during  the  last  fiscal  year,  being  the  largest  increase  in  any  year 
since  the  inauguration  of  the  system.  The  total  number  of  these 
offices  at  the  close  of  the  year  was  18,434.  There  were  13,309,735 
money  orders  issued  from  these  offices,  being  an  increase  over  the 
preceding  year  of  1,240,293,  and  the  value  of  these  orders  amounted 
to  $127,576,433.65,  an  increase  of  $7,509,632.58.  There  were  also 
issued  during  the  3'ear  postal  notes  amounting  to  $12,903,076.73. 

During  the  year  195  international  money-order  offices  were  added 
to  those  already  provided,  making  a  total  of  2,407  in  operation  on 
June  30,  1893.  The  number  of  international  money  orders  issued 
during  the  year  was  1,055,999,  ^^^  increase  over  the  preceding  year 
of  72,525,  and  their  value  was  $16,341,837.86,  an  increase  of  $1,221, - 
506.31.  The  number  of  orders  paid  was  300,917,  an  increase  over 
the  preceding  year  of  13,503,  and  their  value  was  $5,283,375.70,  an 
increase  of  $94,094.83. 

From  the  foregoing  statements  it  appears  that  the  total  issue  of 
money  orders  and  postal  notes  for  the  year  amounted  to  $156,821,- 
348.24. 

The  number  of  letters  and  packages  mailed  during  the  year  for 
special  delivery  was  3,375,693,  an  increase  over  the  preceding  year 
of  nearly  22  per  cent.  The  special-delivery  stamps  used  upon 
these  letters  and  packages  amounted  to  $337,569.30,  and  the  mes- 
sengers' fees  paid  for  their  delivery  amounted  to  $256,592. 71,  leaving 
a  profit  to  the  Government  of  $80,976.59. 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.  23 

The  Railway  Mail  Service  not  only  adds  to  the  promptness  of 
mail  delivery  at  all  offices,  but  it  is  the  especial  instrumentality  which 
puts  the  smaller  and  way  places  in  the  service  on  an  equality  in  that 
regard  with  the  larger  and  terminal  offices.  This  branch  of  the 
postal  service  has  therefore  received  much  attention  from  the  Post- 
master-General, and  though  it  is  gratifying  to  know  that  it  is  in  a 
condition  of  high  efinciency  and  great  usefulness,  I  am  led  to  agree 
with  the  Postmaster-General  that  there  is  room  for  its  further  im- 
provement. 

There  are  now  connected  with  the  Post-Office  establishment  28,324 
eniDloves  who  are  in  the  classified  sei-vice.  The  head  of  this  great 
Department  gives  conclusive  evidence  of  the  value  of  civil-service 
reform  when,  after  an  experience  that  renders  his  judgment  on  the 
subject  absolutely  reliable,  he  expresses  the  opinion  that  without 
the  benefit  of  this  system  it  would  be  impossible  to  conduct  the  vast 
business  intrusted  to  him. 

I  desire  to  commend  as  especially  worthy  of  prompt  attention  the 
suggestions  of  the  Postmaster-General  relating  to  a  more  sensible 
and  business-like  organization  and  a  better  distribution  of  responsi- 
bility in  his  Department. 

The  report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  contains  a  history  of  the 
operations  of  his  Department  during  the  past  year,  and  exhibits  a 
most  gratifying  condition  of  the  personnel  of  our  Navy.  He  pre- 
sents a  satisfactory  account  of  the  progress  which  has  been  made  in 
the  construction  of  vessels,  and  makes  a  number  of  recommendations 
to  which  attention  is  especially  invited. 

During  the  past  six  months  the  demands  for  cruising  vessels  have 
been  many  and  urgent.  There  have  been  revolutions  calling  for 
vessels  to  protect  American  interests  in  Nicaragua,  Guatemala,  Costa 
Rica,  Honduras,  Argentina,  and  Brazil,  while  the  condition  of  af- 
fairs in  Honolulu  has  required  the  constant  presence  of  one  or  more 
ships.  With  all  these  calls  upon  our  Navy,  it  became  necessary,  in 
order  to  make  up  a  sufficient  fleet  to  patrol  the  Behring  Sea  under 
the  modus  vio'endz  agreed  upon  with  Great  Britain,  to  detail  to  that 
service  one  vessel  from  the  Fish  Commission  and  three  from  the 
Revenue  Marine.  ^ 

Progress  in  the  construction  of  new  vessels  has  not  been  as  rapid 
as  was  anticipated.  There  have  been  delays  in  the  completion  oi 
unarmored  vessels,  but  for  the  most  part  they  have  been  such  a? 
are  constantly  occurring  even  in  countries  having  the  largest  ex- 
perience in  naval  ship-building.  The  most  serious  delays,  however, 
have  been  in  the  work  upon  armored  ships.  The  trouble  has  been 
the  failure  of  contractors  to  deliver  armor  as  aereed.     The  diffi- 


24  MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

ciilties  seem  now,  however,  to  have  been  all  overcome,  and  armor 
is  being  delivered  with  satisfactory  promptness.  As  a  resnlt  of  the 
experience  acquired  by  ship  builders  and  designers  and  material 
men,  it  is  believed  that  the  dates  when  vessels  will  be  completed 
can  now  be  estimated  with  reasonable  accuracy.  Great  guns,  rapid- 
fire  guns,  torpedoes,  and  powder  are  being  promptly  supplied. 

The  following  vessels  of  the  new  Navy  have  been  completed  and 
are  now  ready  for  service: 

The  double-turreted  coast-defense  monitor  Miantojiomoh^  the 
double-turreted  coast-defense  monitor  Monterey^  the  armored  crui- 
ser N'ew  York,  the  protected  cruisers  Baltimore,  Chicago,  Phila- 
delphia, Neiuark,  San  Francisco,  Charleston,  Atlanta,  and  Boston, 
the  cruiser  Detroit,  the  gunboats  Yorktown,  Concord,  Bennington, 
MacJiias,  Castine,  and  Petrel,  the  dispatch  vessel  Dolphin,  the 
practice  vessel  Bancroft,  and  the  dynamite  gunboat  Vesiroiiis.  Of 
these  the  Bancroft,  Alachicts,  Detroit,  and  Castine  have  been  placed 
in  commission  during  the  current  calendar  year. 

The  following  vessels  are  in  process  of  construction  :  The  second- 
class  battle  ships  Mai^ie  and  Texas,  the  cruisers  Montgomery  and 
Marblehead,  and  the  coast-defense  monitors  Terror,  Puritan,  Am- 
phitrite,  and  Mojiadnock,  all  of  which  will  be  completed  within  one 
year;  the  harbor-defense  ram  Katahdin  and  the  protected  cruisers 
Columbia,  Minneapolis,  Olympia,  Cincinnati,  and  Raleigh,  all  of 
which  will  be  completed  prior  to  July  i,  1895;  the  first-class  battle 
^\\\}sIoiva,  Indiana,  Massachusetts,  and  Oregon,  which  will  be  com- 
pleted February  i,  1896,  and  the  armored  cruiser  Brooklyn,  which 
will  be  completed  by  Angust  i  of  that  year.  It  is  also  expected 
that  the  three  gunboats  authorized  by  the  last  Congress  will  be 
completed  in  less  than  two  years. 

Since  1886  Congress  has  at  each  session  authorized  the  building 
of  one  or  more  vessels,  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  presents  an 
earnest  plea  for  the  continuance  of  this  plan.  He  recommends  the 
authorization  of  at  least  one  battle  ship  and  six  torpedo  boats. 

While  I  am  distinctly  in  favor  of  consistently  pursuing  the  policy 
we  have  inaugurated  of  building  up  a  thorough  and  efficient  Navy, 
I  can  not  refrain  from  the  suggestion  that  the  Congress  should  care- 
fully take  into  account  the  number  of  unfinished  vessels  on  our 
hands  and  the  depleted  condition  of  our  Treasury  in  considering 
the  propriety  of  an  appropriation  at  this  time  to  begin  new  work. 

The  method  of  employing  mechanical  labor  at  navy-yards  through 
boards  of  labor,  and  making  efficiency  the  sole  test  by  which  la- 
borers are  employed  and  continued,  is  producing  the  best  results, 
and  the  Secretary  is  earnestly  devoting  himself  to  its  development. 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.  25 

Attention  is  invited  to  the  statements  of  his  report  in  regard  to  the 
v/orkings  of  the  system. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  has  the  supervision  of  so  many  im- 
portant subjects  that  his  report  is  of  especial  value  and  interest. 

On  the  30th  day  of  June,  1893,  there  were  on  the  pension  rolls 
966,012  names,  an  increase  of  89,944  over  the  number  on  the  rolls 
June  30,  1892.  Of  these  there  were  17  widows  and  daughters  of 
Revolutionary  soldiers,  86  survivors  of  the  war  of  1812,  5,425 
widows  of  soldiers  of  that  war,  21,518  survivors  and  widows  of  the 
Mexican  war,  3, 882  survivors  and  widows  of  Indian  wars,  284  army 
nurses,  and  475,645  survivors,  and  widows  and  children  of  deceased 
soldiers  and  sailors  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion.  The  latter  num- 
ber represents  those  pensioned  on  account  of  disabilities  or  death 
resulting  from  army  and  navy  service.  The  number  of  persons 
remaining  on  the  rolls  June  30,  1893,  who  were  pensioned  under  the 
act  of  June  27,  1890,  which  allows  pensions  on  account  of  death 
and  disability  not  chargeable  to  army  service,  was  459;  155. 

The  number  added  to  the  rolls  during  the  year  was  123,634,  and 
the  number  dropped  was  33,690.  The  first  payments  on  pensions 
allowed  during  the  year  amounted  to  $33,756,549.98.  This  in- 
cludes arrears,  or  the  accumulation  between  the  time  from  which  tlie 
allowance  of  pension  dates  and  the  time  of  actually  granting  the 
certificate. 

Although  the  lavv' of  1890  permits  pensions  for  disabilities  not  re- 
lated to  military  service,  yet  as  a  requisite  to  its  benefits  a  disability 
must  exist  incapacitating  applicants  ' '  from  the  performance  of 
manual  labor  to  such  a  degree  as  to  render  them  unable  to  earn  a 
support."  The  execution  of  this  law  in  its  early  stages  does  not 
seem  to  have  been  in  accord  with  its  true  intention;  but  toward  the 
close  of  the  last  administration  an  authoritative  construction  was 
given  to  the  statute,  and  since  that  time  this  construction  has  been 
followed.  This  has  had  the  effect  of  limiting  the  operation  of  the 
law  to  its  intended  purpose.  The  discovery  having  been  made  that 
many  names  had  been  put  upon  the  pension  roll  by  means  of  whole- 
sale and  gigantic  frauds,  the  Commissioner  suspended  payments 
upon  a  number  of  pensions  which  seemed  to  be  fraudulent  or  unau- 
thorized pending  a  complete  examination,  giving  notice  to  the  pen- 
sioners, in  order  that  they  might  have  an  opportunity  to  establish, 
if  possible,  the  justice  of  their  claims  notwithstanding  apparent 
invalidity. 

This,  I  understand,  is  the  practice  which  has  for  a  long  time  pre- 
vailed in  the  Pension  Bureau;  but  after  entering  upon  these  recent 


26  MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

investigations  the  Commissioner  modified  this  rule  so  as  not  to  allow, 
until  after  a  complete  examination,  interference  with  the  payment 
of  a  pension  apparently  not  altogetlier  void,  but  which  merely  had 
been  fixed  at  a  rate  higher  than  that  authorized  by  law. 

I  am  unable  to  understand  why  frauds  in  the  pension  rolls  should 
not  be  exposed  and  corrected  with  thoroughness  and  vigor.  Every 
name  fraudulently  put  upon  these  rolls  is  a  wicked  imposition  upon 
the  kindly  sentiment  in  which  pensions  have  their  origin ;  ^every 
fraudulent  pensioner  has  become  a  bad  citizen;  every  false  oath  in 
support  of  a  pension  has  made  perjury  more  common,  and  false  and 
undeserving  pensioners  rob  the  people  not  only  of  their  money,  but 
of  the  patriotic  sentiment  which  the  survivors  of  a  war,  fought  for 
the  preservation  of  the  Union,  ought  to  inspire.  Thousands  of 
neighborhoods  have  their  well-known  fraudulent  pensioners,  and 
recent  developments  by  the  Bureau  establish  appalling  conspira- 
cies to  accomplish  pension  frauds.  By  no  means  the  least  wrong 
done  is  to  brave  and  deserving  pensioners,  who  certainly  ought  not 
to  be  condemned  to  such  association. 

Those  vvdio  attempt  in  the  line  of  duty  to  rectify  these  wrongs 
should  not  be  accused  ot  enmity  or  indifference  to  the  claims  of 
honest  veterans. 

The  sum  expended  on  account  of  pensions  for  the  year  ending 
June  30,  1893,  was  $156,740,467.14. 

The  Commissioner  estimates  that  $165,000,000  will  be  required 
to  pay  pensions  during  the  year  ending  June  30,  1894. 

The  condition  of  the  Indians  and  their  ultimate  fate  are  subjects 
which  are  related  to  a  sacred  duty  of  the  Government,  and  which 
strongly  appeal  to  the  sense  of  justice  and  the  sympathy  of  our  people. 

Our  Indians  number  about  248,000.  IMost  of  them  are  located 
on  161  reservations,  containing  86,116,531  acres  of  land.  About 
110,000  of  these  Indians  have,  to  a  large  degree,  adopted  civilized 
customs.  Lands  in  severalty  have  been  allotted  to  many  of  them. 
vSucli  allotments  have  been  made  to  10,000  individuals  during  the 
last  fiscal  year,  embracing  about  1,000,000  acres.  The  number  of 
Indian  Government  scliools  open  during  the  year  was  195,  an  in- 
crease of  12  over  the  preceding  year.  Of  this  total  170  were  on  reser- 
vations, of  which  J 2)  were  boarding  schools  and  97  were  day  schools. 
Twenty  boarding  schools  and  5  day  schools  supported  by  the  Gov- 
ernment were  not  located  on  reservations.  The  total  number  of 
Indian  children  enrolled  during  the  year  as  attendants  of  all  schools 
was  21,138,  an  increase  of  1,231  over  the  enrollment  for  the  previoiis 
year. 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.  27 

I  am  sure  that  secular  education  and  moral  and  religious  teaching 
must  be  important  factors  in  any  effort  to  save  the  Indian  and  lead 
him  to  civilization.  I  believe,  too,  that  the  relinquishment  of  tribal 
relations  and  the  holding  of  land  in  severalt}"  may,  in  favorable  con- 
ditions, aid  this  consummation.  It  seems  to  me,  however,  that 
allotments  of  land  in  severalty  ought  to  be  made  with  great  care 
and  circumspection.  If  hastily  done,  before  the  Indian  knows  its 
meaning,  while  yet  he  has  little  or  no  idea"'  of  tilling  a  farm  and  no 
conception  of  thrift,  there  is  great  danger  that  a  reservation  life  in 
tribal  relations  may  be  exchanged  for  the  pauperism  of  civilization, 
instead  of  its  independence  and  elevation. 

The  solution  of  the  Indian  problem  depends  very  largel}^  upon 
good  administration.  The  personal  fitness  of  agents  and  their  adapt- 
ability to  the  peculiar  duty  of  caring  for  their  wards,  is  of  the  utmost 
importance. 

The  law  providing  that,  except  in  especial  cases.  Army  officers 
shall  be  detailed  as  Indian  agents,  it  is  hoped  v/ill  prove  a  successful 
experiment. 

There  is  danger  of  great  abuses  creeping  into  the  prosecution  of 
claims  for  Indian  depredations,  and  I  recommend  that  every  possi- 
ble safeguard  be  provided  against  the  enforcement  of  unjust  and 
fictitious  claims  of  this  description. 

The  appropriations  on  account  of  the  Indian  Bureau  for  the  year 
ending  June  30,  1894,  amount  to.  $7, 954, 962. 99,  a  decrease  as  com- 
pared with  the  year  preceding  it  of  $387,131.95. 

The  vast  area  of  land  which,  but  a  short  time  ago,  constituted  the 
public  domain  is  rapidly  falling  into  private  hands.  It  is  certain 
that  in  the  transfer  the  beneficent  intention  of  the  Government  to 
supply  from  its  domain  homes  to  the  industrious  and  worthy  home- 
seekers  is  often  frustrated.  Though  the  speculator,  who  stands  with 
extortionate  purpose  betv/een  the  land  office  and  those  who,  with 
their  families,  are  invited  by  the  Government  to  settle  on  the  public 
lands,  is  a  despicable  character  who  ought  not  to  be  tolerated,  yet 
it  is  difficult  to  thwart  his  schemes.  The  recent  opening  to  settle- 
ment of  the  lands  in  the  Cherokee  Outlet,  embracing  an  area  of 
6,500,000  acres,  notv/ithstanding  the  utmost  care  in  framing  the 
regulations  governing  the  selection  of  locations  and  notvvdthstand- 
ing  the  presence  of  United  States  troops,  furnished  an  exhibition, 
though  perhaps  in  a  modified  degree,  of  the  mad  scramble,  the 
violence,  and  the  fraudulent  occupation  which  have  accompanied 
previous  openings  of  public  land. 

I  concur  wath  the  Secretary  in  the  belief  that  these  outrageous 
incidents  can  not  be  entirely  prevented  without  a  change  in  the  laws 


28  MESSAGE    OF    THE    PEESIDENT. 

on  the  subject,  and  I  liopc  his  recommendations  in  that  direction, 
will  be  favorably  considered. 

I  especially  commend  to  the  attention  of  the  Congress  the  statements 
contained  in  the  Secretary's  report  concerning  forestry.  The  time 
has  come  when  efficient  measures  should  be  taken  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  our  forests  from  indiscriminate  and  remediless  destruction. 

The  report  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  will  be  found  exceed- 
ingly interesting,  especially  to  that  large  part  of  our  citizens  inti- 
mately concerned  in  agricultural  occupations. 

On  the  7th  day  of  March,  1893,  there  were  upon  its  pay  rolls  2,430 
employes.  This  number  has  been  reduced  to  1,850  persons.  In 
view  of  a  depleted  public  Treasury  and  the  imperative  demand  of  the 
peoj)le  for  economy  in  the  administration  of  their  Government,  the 
Secretary  has  entered  upon  the  task  of  rationally  reducing  expendi- 
tures by  the  elimination  from  the  pay  rolls  of  all  persons  not  needed 
for  an  efficient  conduct  of  the  affairs  of  the  Department. 

During  the  first  quarter  of  the  present  year  the  expenses  of  the 
Department  aggregated  $345,876.76,  as  against  $402,012.42  for  the 
corresponding  period  of  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893.  The 
Secretary  makes  apparent  his  intention  to  continue  this  rate  of 
reduction  by  submitting  estimates  for  the  next  fiscal  year  less  by 
1994,280  than  those  for  the  present  year. 

Among  the  heads  of  divisions  in  this  Department  the  changes 
have  been  exceedingly  few.  Three  vacancies  occurring  from  death 
and  resignations  have  been  filled  by  the  promotion  of  assistants  in 
the  same  divisions. 

These  promotions  of  experienced  and  faithful  assistants  have  not 
only  been  in  the  interest  of  efficient  work,  but  have  suggested  to 
those  in  the  Department  who  look  for  retention  and  promotion  that 
merit  and  devotion  to  duty  are  their  best  reliance. 

The  amount  appropriated  for  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  for 
the  current  fiscal  year  is  $850,000;  the  estimate  for  the  ensuing 
year  is  $700,000. 

The  regulations  of  1892  concerning  Texas  fever  have  been  en- 
forced during  the  last  year,  and  the  large  stockyards  of  the  country 
have  been  kept  free  from  infection.  Occasional  local  outbreaks 
have  been  largely  such  as  could  have  been  effectually  guarded 
against  by  the  owners  of  the  affected  cattle. 

While  contagious  pleuro-pneumonia  in  cattle  has  been  eradicated, 
animal  tuberculosis,  a  disease  widespread  and  more  dangerous  to 
human  life  than  pleuro-pneumonia,  is  still  prevalent.  Investiga- 
tions hav>e  been  made  during  the  past  year  as  to  the  means  of  -its 
communication  and  the  method  of  its  correct   diaonosis.     Much 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDEKT.  29 

progress  has  been  made  in  this  direction  by  the  studies  of  the  Divi- 
sion of  Animal  Pathology,  but  work  ought  to  be  extended,  in  coop- 
eration with  local  authorities,  until  the  danger  to  human  life  arising 
from  this  cause  is  reduced  to  a  minimum. 

The  number  of  animals  arriving  from  Canada  during  the  year 
and  inspected  by  Bureau  officers  was  462,092,  and  the  number  from 
transatlantic  countries  was  1,297.  ^^o  contagious  diseases  were 
found  among  the  imported  animals. 

The  total  number  of  inspections  of  cattle  for  export  during  the 
past  fiscal  year  was  611,542.  The  exports  show  a  falling  off  of 
about  25  per  cent  from  the  preceding  year,  the  decrease  occurring 
entirely  in  the  last  half  of  the  year.  This  suggests  that  the  falling 
off  may  have  been  largely  due  to  an  increase  in  the  price  of  Ameri- 
can export  cattle. 

During  the  year  ending  June  30,  1893,  exports  of  inspected  pork 
aggregated  20,677,410  pounds  as  against  38,152,874  pounds  for  the 
preceding  year.  The  falling  off  in  this  export  was  not  confined, 
however,  to  inspected  pork,  the  total  quantity  exported  for  1892 
being  665,490,616  pounds,  while  in  1893  it  was  only  527,308,695 
pounds. 

I  join  the  Secretary  in  recommending  that  liereafter  each  appli- 
cant for  the  position  of  inspector  or  assistant  inspector  in  the  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry  be  required,  as  a  condition  precedent  to  his 
appointment,  to  exhibit  to  the  United  States  Civil  Service  Com- 
mission his  diploma  from  an  established,  regular,  and  reputable 
veterinary  college,  and  that  this  be  supplemented  by  such  an 
examination  in  veterinary  science  as  the  Commission  may  prescribe. 

The  exports  of  agricultural  products  from  the  United  States  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1892,  attained  the  enormous  figure 
of  $800,000,000,  in  round  numbers,  being  78.7  per  cent  of  our  total 
exports.  In  the  last  fiscal  year  this  aggregate  was  greatly  reduced, 
but,  nevertheless,  reached  615  millions,  being  75.1  per  cent  of  all 
American  commodities  exported. 

A  review  of  our  agricultural  exports  with  special  reference  to 
their  destination  will  show  that  in  almost  every  line  the  United 
Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  absorbs  by  far  the  largest  pro- 
portion. Of  cattle  the  total  exports  aggregated  in  \alue  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893,  $26,000,000,  of  which  Great 
Britain  took  considerably  over  $25,000,000.  Of  beef  products 
of  all  kinds  our  total  exports  were  $28,000,000,  of  which  Great 
Britain  took  $24,000,000.    Of  pork  products  the  total  exports  were 

|.,ooo,ooo,   of  which  Great  Britain  took  $53,000,000.     In  bread- 


30  MEySAGE    OF    THE    PEESIDENT. 

stuffs,  cotton,  and  minor  products  like  proportions  sent  to  the  same 
destination  are  shown. 

The  work  of  the  Statistical  Division  of  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture deals  with  all  that  relates  to  the  economics  of  farming. 

The  main  purpose  of  its  monthly  reports  is  to  keep  the  farmers 
informed  as  full)'  as  possible  of  all  matters  having  any  influence 
upon  the  world's  markets,  in  which  their  products  find  sale.  Its 
publications  relate  especially  to  the  commercial  side  of  farming. 

It  is  therefore  of  profound  importance  and  vital  concern  to  the 
farmers  of  the  United  States,  who  represent  nearly  one-half  of  our 
population,  and  also  of  direct  interest  to  the  whole  country,  that 
the  work  of  this  division  be  efficiently  performed  and  that  the 
information  it  has  gathered  be  promptly  diffused. 

It  is  a  matter  for  congratulation  to  know  that  the  Secretary  will 
not  spare  any  effort  to  make  this  part  of  his  work  thoroughly  useful. 

In  the  year  1839  the  Congress  appropriated  $1,000,  to  be  taken 
from  the  Patent  Office  funds,  for  the  purpose  of  collecting  and  dis- 
tributing rare  and  improved  varieties  of  seeds,  and  for  prosecuting 
agricultural  investigations  and  procuring  agricultural  statistics. 
From  this  small  beginning  the  Seed  Division  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  has  grown  to  its  present  unwieldy  and  unjustifiably 
extravagant  proportions. 

During  the  last  fiscal  year  the  cost  of  seeds  purchased  was 
$66,548.61.  The  remainder  of  an  appropriation  of  $135,000  was 
expended  in  putting  them  up  and  distributing  them.  It  surely 
never  could  have  entered  the  minds  of  those  who  first  sanctioned  ap- 
propriations of  public  money  for  the  purchase  of  new  and  improved 
varieties  of  seeds  for  gratuitous  distribution  that  from  this  would 
grow  large  appropriations  for  the  purchase  and  distribution  by  mem- 
bers of  Congress  of  ordinary  seeds,  bulbs,  and  cuttings  which  are 
common  in  all  the  States  and  Territories  and  everywhere  easily 
obtainable  at  low  prices. 

In  each  State  and  Territory  an  agricultural  experiment  station 
has  been  established.  These  stations,  by  their  very  character  and 
name,  are  the  proper  agencies  to  experiment  with  and  test  new 
varieties  of  seeds;  and  yet  this  indiscriminate  and  wasteful  distribu- 
tion by  legislation  and  legislators  continues,  answering  no  purpose 
unless  it  be  to  remind  constituents  that  their  representatives  are 
willing  to  remember  them  with  gratuities  at  public  cost. 

Under  the  sanction  of  existing  legislation  there  was  sent  out  from 
the  Agricultural  Department  during  the  last  fiscal  year  enough  of 
cabbage  seed  to  plant  19,200  acres  of  land,  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
beans  to  plant  4,000  acres,  beet  seed  enough  to  plant  2,500  acres, 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.  31 

sweet  corn  enough  to  plant  7,800  acres,  sufficient  cucumber  seed  to 
cover  2,025  acres  with  vines,  and  enough  muskmelon  and  water- 
melon seeds  to  plant  2,675  acres.  The  total  quantity  of  flower  and 
vegetable  seeds  thus  distributed  was  contained  in  more  than  nine 
million  packages,  and  they  were  sufficient,  if  planted,  to  cover  89, 596 
acres  of  land. 

In  view  of  these  facts  this  enormous  expenditure  without  legiti- 
mate returns  of  benefit  ought  to  be  abolished.  Anticipating  a  con- 
summation so  manifestly  in  the  interest  of  good  administration, 
more  than  $100,000  has  been  stricken  from  the  estimate  made  to 
cover  this  object  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1895;  and  the  Secre- 
tary recommends  that  the  remaining  $35,000  of  the  estimate  be 
coiifined  strictly  to  the  purchase  of  new  and  improved  varieties  of 
seeds,  and  that  these  be  distributed  through  experiment  stations. 

Thus  the  seed  will  be  tested,  and  after  the  test  has  been  completed 
by  the  experiment  station  the  propagation  of  the  useful  varieties 
and  the  rejection  of  the  valueless  may  safely  be  left  to  the  common 
sense  of  the  people. 

The  continued  intelligent  execution  of  the  civil-service  law  and 
the  increasing  approval  by  the  people  of  its  operation  are  most  grati- 
fying. The  recent  extension  of  its  limitations  and  regulations  to 
the  employes  at  free-delivery  post-offices,  which  has  been  honestly 
and  promptly  accomplished  by  the  Commission,  with  the  hearty 
cooperation  of  the  Postmaster-General,  is  an  immensely  important 
advance  in  the  usefulness  of  the  system. 

I  am,  if  possible,  more  than  ever  convinced  of  the  incalculable 
benefits  conferred  by  the  civil-service  law,  not  only  in  its  effect 
upon  the  public  service,  but  also,  what  is  even  more  important,  in 
its  effect  in  elevating  the  tone  of  political  life  generally. 

The  course  of  civil-service  reform  in  this  country  instructively 
and  interestingly  illustrates  how  strong  a  hold  a  movement  gains 
upon  our  people  which  has  underlying  it  a  sentiment  of  justice  and 
right,  and  which  at  the  same  time  promises  better  administration 
of  their  Government. 

The  law  embodying  this  reform  found  its  way  to  our  statute 
book  more  from  fear  of  the  popular  sentiment  existing  in  its  favor 
than  from  any  love  for  the  reform  itself  on  the  part  of  legislators; 
and  it  has  lived  and  grown  and  flourished  in  spite  of  the  covert 
as  well  as  open  hostility  of  spoilsmen  and  notwithstanding  the 
querulous  impracticability  of  many  self-constituted  guardians. 
Beneath  all  the  vagaries  and  sublimated  theories  which  are 
attracted  to  it  there  underlies  this  reform  a  sturdy  common-sense 


32  MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

principle  not  only  suited  to  this  mundane  sphere,  but  whose  appli- 
cation our  people  are  more  and  more  recognizing  to  be  absolutely 
essential  to  the  most  successful  operation  of  their  Government,  if 
not  to  its  perpetuity. 

It  seems  to  me  to  be  entirely  inconsistent  with  the  character  of 
this  reform,  as  well  as  with  its  best  enforcement,  to  oblige  the  Com- 
mission to  rely  for  clerical  assistance  upon  clerks  detailed  from  other 
Departments.  There  ought  not  to  be  such  a  condition  in  any  Depart- 
ment that  clerks  hired  to  do  work  there  can  be  spared  to  habitually 
work  at  another  place;  and  it  does  not  accord  with  a  sensible  view 
of  civil-service  reform  that  persons  should  be  employed  on  the  theory 
that  their  labor  is  necessary  in  one  Department  when  in  point  of  fact 
their  services  are  devoted  to  entirely  different  work  in  another 
Department. 

I  earnestly  urge  that  the  clerks  necessary  to  carry  on  the  work 
of  the  Commission  be  regularly  put  upon  its  roster,  and  that  the 
system  of  obliging  the  Commissioners  to  rely  upon  the  services  of 
clerks  belonging  to  other  Departments  be  discontinued.  This  ought 
not  to  increase  the  expense  to  the  Government,  while  it  would 
certainly  be  more  consistent  and  add  greatly  to  the  efficiency  of  the 
Commission. 

Bconomy  in  public  expenditure  is  a  duty  that  can  not  innocently 
be  neglected  by  those  intrusted  with  the  control  of  money  drawn 
from  the  people  for  public  uses.  It  must  be  confessed  that  our 
apparently  endless  resources,  the  familiarity  of  our  people  with 
immense  accumulations  of  wealth,  the  growing  sentiment  among 
them  that  the  expenditure  of  public  money  should  in  some  manner 
be  to  their  immediate  and  personal  advantage,  the  indirect  and 
almost  stealthy  manner  in  which  a  large  part  of  our  taxes  are  exacted, 
and  a  degenerated  sense  of  official  accountability  have  led  to  grow- 
ing extravagance  in  governmental  appropriations. 

At  this  time,  when  a  depleted  public  Treasury  confronts  us,  when 
many  of  our  people  are  engaged  in  a  hard  struggle  for  the  necessa- 
ries of  life,  and  when  enforced  economy  is  pressing  upon  the  great 
mass  of  our  countrymen,  I  desire  to  urge  with  all  the  earnestness  at 
my  command  that  Congressional  legislation  be  so  limited  by  strict 
economy  as  to  exhibit  an  appreciation  of  the  condition  of  the  Treas- 
ury and  a  sympathy  with  the  straitened  circumstances  of  our  fellow- 
citizens. 

The  duty  of  public  economy  is  also  of  immense  importance  in 
its  intimate  and  necessary  relation  to  the  task  now  in  hand  of  pro- 
viding revenue  to  meet  Government  expenditures,  and  yet  reducing 
the  people's  burden  of  Federal  taxation. 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.  33 

After  a  hard  struggle  tariff  reform  is  directly  before  us.  Notliiug 
so  important  claims  our  attention  and  nothing  so  clearly  presents 
itself  as  both  an  opportunity  and  a  duty — an  opportunity  to  deserve 
the  gratitude  of  our  fellow-citizens  and  a  duty  imposed  upon  us  by 
our  oft-repeated  professions  and  by  the  emphatic  mandate  of  the 
people.  After  full  discussion  our  countrymen  have  spoken  in  favor 
of  this  reform,  and  they  have  confided  the  work  of  its  accomplish- 
ment to  the  hands  of  those  who  are  solemnly  pledged  to  it. 

If  there  is  anything  in  the  theory  of  a  I'epresentation  in  public 
places  of  the  people  and  their  desires,  if  public  officers  are  really 
the  servants  of  the  people,  and  if  political  promises  and  professions 
have  any  binding  force,  our  failure  to  give  the  relief  so  long  awaited 
will  be  sheer  recreancy.  Nothing  should  intervene  to  distract' our 
attention  or  disturb  our  effort  until  this  reform  is  accomplished  by 
vase  and  careful  legislation. 

While  we  should  staunchly  adhere  to  the  principle  that  only  the 
necessity  of  revenue  justifies  the  imposition  of  tariff  duties  and 
other  Federal  taxation,  and  that  they  should  be  limited  by  strict 
economy,  we  can  not  close  our  eyes  to  the  fact  that  conditions  have 
grown  up  among  us  which  injustice  and  fairness  call  for  discrimi- 
nating care  in  the  distribution  of  such  duties  and  taxation  as  the 
emergencies  of  our  Government  actually  demand. 

Manifestly,  if  we  are  to  aid  the  people  directly  through  tariff  reform, 
one  of  its  most  obvious  features  should  be  a  reduction  in  present 
tariff  charges  upon  the  necessaries  of  life.  The  benefits  of  such  a 
.reduction  would  be  palpable  and  substantial,  seen  and  felt  by  thou- 
sands who  would  be  better  fed  and  better  clothed  and  better  sheltered. 
These  gifts  should  be  the  willing  benefactions  of  a  Government 
whose  highest  function  is  the  promotion  of  the  welfare  of  the 
people. 

Not  less  closely  related  to  our  people's  prosperity  and  well-being 
is  the  removal  of  restrictions  upon  the  importation  of  the  raw  mate- 
rials necessary  to  our  manufactures.  The  world  should  be  open  to 
our  national  ingenuity  and  enterprise.  This  can  not  be  while  Fed- 
eral legislation,  through  the  imposition  of  high  tariff,  forbids  to 
American  manufacturers  as  cheap  materials  as  those  used  by  their 
competitors.  It  is  quite  obvious  that  the  enhancement  of  the  price  of 
our  manufactured  products  resulting  from  this  policy  not  only  con- 
fines the  market  for  these  products  within  our  own  borders,  to  the 
direct  disadvantage  of  our  manufacturers,  but  also  increases  their 
cost  to  our  citizens. 

The  interests  of  labor  are  certainly,  though  indirectly,  involved  in 
this  feature  of  our  tariff  system.  The  sharp  competition  and  active 
struggle  among  our  manufacturers  to  supply  the  limited  demand 
Ab.  93 3 


34  MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

for  tlieir  goods,  soon  fill  the  narrow  market  to  which  the>'  are  con- 
fined. Then  follows  a  suspension  of  work  in  mills  and  factories,  a 
discharge  of  employes,  and  distress  in  the  homes  of  our  workingmen. 

Even  if  the  often  disproved  assertion  could  be  made  good  that  a 
lower  rate  of  wages  would  result  from  free  raw  materials  and  low 
tariff  duties,  the  intelligence  of  our  workingmen  leads  them  quickly 
to  discover  that  their  steady  employment;  peimitted  by  free  raw  ma- 
terials, is  the  most  important  factor  in  their  relation  to  tariff  legis- 
lation. 

A  measure  has  been  prepared  by  the  appropriate  Congressional 
committee  embodying  tariff  reform  on  the  lines  herein  suggested, 
which  will  be  promptly  submitted  for  legislative  action.  It  is  the 
result  of  much  patriotic  and  unselfish  work,  and  I  believe  it  deals 
with  its  subject  consistently  and  as  thoroughly  as  existing  conditions 
permit. 

I  am  satisfied  that  the  reduced  tariff  duties  provided  for  in  the 
proposed  legislation,  added  to  existing  internal-revenue  taxation, 
will,  in  the  near  future,  though  perhaj^s  not  immediately,  produce 
sufficient  revenue  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  Government. 

The  committee,  after  full  consideration,  and  to  provide  against  a 
temporary  deficiency  which  may  exist  before  the  business  of  the 
countr}^  adjusts  itself  to  the  new  tariff  schedules,  have  wisely 
embraced  in  their  plan  a  few  additional  internal-revenue  taxes, 
including  a  small  tax  upon  incomes  derived  from  certain  corporate 
investments. 

These  new  assessments  are  not  only  absolutely  just  and  easily 
borne,  but  they  have  the  further  merit  of  being  such  as  can  be 
remitted  without  unfavorable  business  disturbance  whenever  the 
necessity  of  their  imposition  no  longer  exists. 

In  my  great  desire  for  the  success  of  this  measure  I  can  not  restrain 
the  suggestion  that  its  success  can  only  be  attained  by  means  of 
unselfish  counsel  on  the  part  of  the  friends  of  tariff  reform  and  as  a 
result  of  their  willingness  to  subordinate  personal  desires  and  ambi- 
tions to  the  general  good.  The  local  interests  affected  by  the  pro- 
posed reform  are  so  numerous  and  so  varied  that  if  all  are  insisted 
upon  the  legislation  embodying  the  reform  must  inevitably  fail. 

In  conclusion,  my  intense  feeling  of  responsibility  impels  me  to 
invoke  for  the  manifold  interests  of  a  generous  and  confiding  peo- 
ple the  most  scrupulous  care  and  to  pledge  my  willing  support  to 
every  legislative  effort  for  the  advancement  of  the  greatness  and 
prosperity  of  our  beloved  country. 

GROVER  CLEVELAND. 

Executive  Mansion, 

Washington^  December  i^^  iSc^j. 


STATE  WORMALSCHOOL, 


MESSAGE  OF  THE  PRESIDENT. 


To  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  : 

In  my  recent  annual  message  to  the  Congress  I  briefly  referred  to 
our  relations  with  Hawaii  and  expressed  the  intention  of  transmit- 
ting further  information  on  the  subject  when  additional  advices  per- 
mitted. 

Though  I  am  not  able  now  to  report  a  definite  change  in  tiie 
actual  situation,  I  am  convinced  that  the  difficulties  lately  created 
both  here  and  in  Hawaii  and  now  standing  in  the  way  of  a  solution 
through  Executive  action  of  the  problem  presented,  render  it  proper, 
and  expedient,  that  the  matter  should  be  referred  to  the  broader 
authority  and  discretion  of  Congress,  with  a  full  explanation  of  the 
endeavor  thus  far  made  to  deal  with  the  emergency  and  a  statement 
of  the  considerations  wdiich  have  governed  my  action. 

I  suppose  that  right  and  justice  should  determine  the  path  to  be 
followed  in  treating  this  subject.  If  national  honesty  is  to  be  dis- 
regarded and  a  desire  for  territorial  extension,  or  dissatisfaction  with 
a  form  of  government  not  our  own,  ought  to  regulate  our  conduct, 
I  have  entirely  misapprehended  the  mission  and  character  of  our 
Government  and  the  behavior  which  the  conscience  of  our  people 
demands  of  their  public  servants. 

When  the  present  Administration  entered  upon  its  duties  the  Sen- 
ate had  under  consideration  a  treaty  providing  for  the  annexation 
of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  to  the  territory  of  the  United  States. 
Surely  under  our  Constitution  and  laws  the  enlargement  of  our  lim- 
its is  a  manifestation  of  the  highest  attribute  of  sovereignty,  and 
if  entered  upon  as  an  Executive  act,  all  things  relating  to  the  trans- 
action should  be  clear  and  free  from  suspicion.  Additional  impor- 
tance attached  to  this  particular  treaty  of  annexation,  because  it 
contemplated  a  departure  from  unbroken  American  tradition  in  pro- 
viding fop  the  addition  to  our  territory  of  islands  of  the  sea  more 
than  two  thousand  miles  removed  from  our  nearest  coast. 

These  considerations  might  not  of  themselves  call  for  interference 
with  the  completion  of  a  treaty  entered  u^^on  by  a  previous  Admin- 
istration.    But  it  appeared  from  the  documents  accompanying  the 


36  MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

treaty  when  submitted  to  the  Senate,  that  the  ownership  of  Hawaii 
was  tendered  to  us  by  a  provisional  government  set  up  to  succeed 
the  constitutional  ruler  of  the  islands,  who  had  been  dethroned, 
and  it  did  not  appear  that  such  provisional  g-overnment  had  the 
sanction  of  either  popular  revolution  or  suffrage.  Two  other 
remarkable  features  of  the  transaction  naturally  attracted  attention. 
One  was  the  extraordinary  haste — not  to  say  precipitancy — charac- 
terizing all  the  transactions  connected  with  the  treaty.  It  appeared 
that  a  so-called  Committee  of  Safety,  ostensibly  the  source  of  the 
revolt  against  the  constitutional  Government  of  Hawaii,  was  organ- 
ized on  Saturday,  the  I4tli  day  of  January ;  that  on  ]\Ionday,  the  i6th, 
the  United  States  forces  were  landed  at  Honolulu  from  a  naval 
vessel  lying  in  its  harbor;  that  on  the  17th  the  scheme  of  a  provi- 
sional government  was  perfected,  and  a  proclamation  naming  its 
officers  was  on  the  same  day  prepared  and  read  at  the  Government 
building;  that  immediately  thereupon  the  United  States  Minister 
recognized  the  provisional  government  thus  created;  that  two  days 
afterwards,  on  the  19th  day  of  January,  commissioners  representing 
such  government  sailed  for  this  country  in  a  steamer  especially 
chartered  for  the  occasion,  arriving  in  San  Francisco  on  the  28th 
day  of  January,  and  in  Washington  on  the  3d  day  of  February;  that 
on  the  next  day  they  had  their  first  interview  with  the  Secretary  of 
State,  and  another  on  the  nth,  when  the  treaty  of  annexation  was 
practically  agreed  upon,  and  that  on  the  14th  it  was  formally  con- 
cluded and  on  the  15th  transmitted  to  the  Senate.  Thus  between 
the  initiation  of  the  Scheme  for  a  provisional  government  in  Hawaii 
on  the  14th  day  of  January  and  the  submission  to  the  Senate  of  the 
treaty  of  annexation  concluded  with  such  government,  the  entire 
interval  was  thirty-two  days,  fifteen  of  which  were  spent  by  the 
Hawaiian  Commissioners  in  their  journey  to  Washington. 

In  the  next  place,  upon  the  face  of  the  papers  submitted  with 
the  treaty,  it  clearly  appeared  that  there  v/as  open  and  undeter- 
mined an  issue  of  fact  of  the  most  vital  importance.  The  message 
of  the  President  accompanying  the  treaty  declared  that  "  the  over- 
throw of  the  monarchy  was  not  in  any  way  promoted  by  this  Gov- 
ernment," and  in  a  letter  to  the  President  from  the  Secretary  of  State, 
also  submitted  to  the  Senate  with  the  treaty,  the  following  passage 
occurs:  "At  the  time  the  provisional  government  took  possession  of 
the  Government  buildings  no  troops  or  officers  of  the  United  States 
were  present  or  took  any  part  whatever  in  the  proceedings.  No 
public  recognition  was  accorded  to  the  provisional  government  by. 
the  United  States  Minister  until  after  the  Queen's  abdication  and 
when  they  were  in  effective  possession  of  the  Government  buildings, 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.  37 

the  archives,  the  treasury,  the  barracks,  the  police  station,  and  all 
the  potential  machinery  of  the  Government."  But  a  protest  also 
accompanied  said  treaty,  signed  by  the  Queen  and  her  ministers  at 
the  time  she  made  way  for  the  provisional  government,  which  ex- 
plicitly stated  that  she  yielded  to  the  superior  force  of  the  United 
States,  whose  Minister  had  caused  United  States  troops  to  be  landed 
at  Honolulu  and  declared  that  he  would  support  such  provisional 
government. 

The  truth  or  falsity  of  this  protest  was  surely  of  the  first  impor- 
tance. If  true,  nothing  but  the  concealment  of  its  truth  could 
induce  our  Government  to  neo^otiate  with  the  semblance  of  a  s:ov- 
ernment  thus  created,  nor  could  a  treaty  resulting  from  the  acts 
stated  in  the  protest  have  been  knowingly  deemed  worthy  of  con- 
sideration by  the  Senate.  Yet  the  truth  or  falsity  of  the  protest 
had  not  been  investigated. 

I  conceived  it  to  be  my  duty  therefore  to  withdraw  the  treaty 
frcm  the  Senate  for  examination,  and  meanwhile  to  cause  an  accu- 
rate, full,  and  impartial  investigation  to  be  made  of  the  facts  attend- 
ing the  subversion  of  the  constitutional  Government  of  Hawaii, 
and  the  installment  in  its  place  of  the  provisional  government.  I 
selected  for  the  work  of  investigation  the  Hon.  James  H.  Blount,  of 
Georgia,  whose  service  of  eighteen  years  as  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Representatives,  and  whose  experience  as  chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee of  Foreign  Affairs  in  that  body,  and  his  consequent  famili- 
arity with  international  topics,  joined  with  his  high  cliaracter  and 
honorable  reputation,  seemed  to  render  him  peculiarly  fitted  for  the 
duties  entrusted  to  him.  His  report  detailing  his  action  under  the 
instructions  given  to  him  and  the  conclusions  derived  from  his  in- 
vestigation accompany  this  message. 

These  conclusions  do  not  rest  for  their  acceptance  entirely  upon 
Mr.  Blount's  honesty  and  ability  as  a  man,  nor  upon  his  acumen 
and  impartiality  as  an  investigator.  They  are  accompanied  by  the 
evidence  upon  which  they  are  based,  which  evidence  is  also  here- 
with transmitted,  and  from  which  it  seems  to  me  no  other  deductions 
could  possibly  be  reached  than  those  arrived  at  by  the  Commissioner. 

The  report  with  its  accompanying  proofs,  and  such  other  evidence 
as  is  now  before  the  Congress  or  is  herewith  submitted,  justifies  in 
my  opinion  the  statement  that  when  the  President  was  led  to  submit 
the  treaty  to  the  Senate  with  the  declaration  that  "the  overthrow 
of  the  monarchy  was  not  in  any  way  promoted  by  this  Govern- 
ment", and  when  the  Senate  was  induced  to  receive  and  discuss  it 
on  that  basis,  both  President  and  Senate  were  misled. 

The  attempt  will  not  be  made  in  this  communication  to  touch 


o8  MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

upon  all  the  facts  wliicli  throw  light  upon  the  progress  and  consum- 
mation of  this  scheme  of  annexation.  A  very  brief  and  imperfect 
reference  to  the  facts  and  evidence  at  hand  will  exhibit  its  character 
and  the  incidents  in  which  it  had  its  birth. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  set  forth  the  reasons  which  in  January,  1893, 
led  a  considerable  proportion  of  American  and  other  foreign  mer- 
chants and  traders  residing  at  Honolulu  to  favor  the  annexation  of 
Hawaii  to  the  United  States.  It  is  sufficient  to  note  the  fact  and  to 
observe  that  the  project  was  one  which  was  zealously  promoted  by 
the  Minister  representing  the  United  States  in  that  country.  He 
evidently  h.ad  an  ardent  desire  that  it  should  become  a  fact  accom- 
plished by  his  agency  and  during  his  ministry,  and  was  not  incon- 
veniently scrupulous  as  to  the  means  employed  to  that  end.  On  the 
iQtli  day  of  November,  1892,  nearly  two  months  before  the  first  overt 
act  tendiuQ:  towards  the  subversion  of  the  Hawaiian  Government  and 
tlie  attempted  transfer  of  Haw^aiian  territory  to  the  United  States,  he 
addressed  a-  long  letter  to  the  Secretary  of  State  in  which  the  case 
for  annexation  was  elaborately  argued,  on  moral,  political,  and  eco- 
nomical grounds.  He  refers  to  the  loss  to  the- Hawaiian  sugar  in- 
terests from  the  operation  of  the  McKinley  bill,  and  the  tendency 
to  still  further  depreciation  of  sugar  property  unless  some  positive 
measure  of  relief  is  granted.  He  strongly  inveighs  against  the  ex- 
isting Hawaiian  Government  and  emphatically  declares  for  annexa- 
tion. He  says:  "  In  truth  the  monarchy  here  is  an  absurd  anachro- 
nism. It  has  nothing  on  which  it  logically  or  legitimately  stands. 
The  feudal  basis  on  which  it  once  stood  no  longer  existing,  the  mon- 
archy now  is  only  an  impediment  to  good  government — an  obstruc- 
tion to  the  prosperity  and  progress  of  the  islands." 

He  further  says :  '  'As  a  crown  colony  of  Great  Britain  or  a  Terri- 
tory of  the  United  States  the  government  modifications  could  be 
made  readily  and  good  administration  of  the  law  secured.  Destiny 
and  the  vast  future  interests  of  the  United  States  in  the  Pacific  clearly 
indicate  who  at  no  distant  day  must  be  responsible  for  the  government 
of  tliese  islands.  Under  a  territorial  government  they  could  be  as 
easily  governed  as  any  of  the  existing  Territories  of  the  United  States. ' ' 
*  *  *  ' '  Hawaii  has  reached  the  parting  of  the  ways.  She  must 
now  take  the  road  which  leads  to  Asia,  or  the  other  which  outlets 
her  in  America,  gives  her  an  American  civilization,  and  binds  lier 
to  the  care  of  American  destiny."  He  also  declares:  "  One  of  two 
courses  seems  to  me  absolutely  necessary  to  be  followed,  either  bold 
and  vigorous  measures  for  annexation  or  a  'customs  union,'  an 
ocean  cable  from  the  Californian  coast  to  Honolulu,  Pearl  Harbor 
perpetually  ceded  to  the  United  States,  with  an  implied  but  not  ex- 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PEESIDENT.  39 

pressly  stipulated  American  protectorate  over  tlie  islands.  I  believe 
the  former  to  be  the  better,  that  which  v.'ill  prove  much  the  more 
advantageous  to  the  islands,  and  the  cheapest  and  least  embarrassing 
in  the  end  to  the  United  States.  If  it  T\'as  wise  for  the  United  States 
through  Secretary  Marcy  thirty-eight  years  ago  to  offer  to  expend 
$100,000  to  secure  a  treaty  of  annexation,  it  certainly  can  not  be 
chimerical  or  unwise  to  expend  $100,000  to  secure  annexation  in  the 
near  future.  To-day  the  United  States  has  five  times  the  wealth  she 
possessed  in  1854,  and  the  reasons  now  existing  for  annexation  are 
much  stronger  than  they  were  then.  I  can  not  refrain  from  express- 
ing the  opinion  with  emphasis  that  the  golden- hour  is  near  at  hand." 

These  declarations  certainly  show  a  disposition  and  condition  of 
mind,  which  may  be  usefully  recalled  when  interpreting  the  signifi- 
cance of  the  Minister's  conceded  acts  or  when  considering  the  prob- 
abilities of  such  conduct  on  his  part  as  may  not  be  admitted. 

In  this  view  it  seems  proper  to  also  quote  from  a  letter  written  by 
the  Minister  to  the  Secretary  of  State  on  the  8th  day  of  March,  1892, 
nearly  a  year  prior  to  the  first  step  taken  toward  annexation.  After 
stating  the  possibility  that  the  existing  Government  of  Hajvaii  might 
be  overturned  by  an  orderly  and  peaceful  revolution.  Minister  Stevens 
writes  as  follows  :  "Ordinarily  in  like  circumstances,  the  rule  seems 
to  be  to  limit  the  landing  and  movement  of  United  States  forces  in 
foreign  waters  and  dominion  exclusively  to  the  protection  of  the 
United  States  legation  and  of  the  lives  and  property  of  American 
citizens.  But  as  the  relations  of  the  United  States  to  Hawaii  are 
exceptional,  and  in  former  years  the  United  States  officials  here 
took  somewhat  exceptional  action  in  circumstances  of  disorder,  I 
desire  to  know  how  far  the  present  Minister  and  naval  connnander 
may  deviate  from  established'  international  rules  and  precedents  in 
the  contingencies  indicated  in  the  first  part  of  this  dispatch." 

To  a  minister  of  this  temper  full  of  zeal  for  annexation  there 
seemed  to  arise  in  January,  1893,  ^^^  precise  opportunity  for  which 
he  was  watchfully  waiting — an  opportunity  which  by  timely  "devia- 
tion from  established  international  rules  and  precedents"  might  be 
improved  to  successfully  accomplish  the  great  object  in  view;  and 
we  are  quite  prepared  for  the  e?cultant  enthusiasm  with  which  in  a 
letter  to  the  State  Department  dated  February  i,  1893,  he  declares  : 
"The  Hawaiian  pear  is  now  fully  ripe  and  this  is  the  golden  hour 
for  the  United  States  to  pluck  it." 

As  a  further  illustration  of  the  activity  of  this  diplomatic  repre- 
sentative, attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  on  the  day  the  above 
letter  v/as  written,  apparently  unable  longer  to  restrain  his  ardor, 
he  issued  a  proclamation  whereby  "in  the  name  of  the  United 


40  MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

States"  he  assumed  the  protection  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  and 
declared  that  said  action  was  "taken  pending  and  subject  to  nego- 
tiations at  Washington. ' '  Of  course  this  assumption  of  a  protector- 
ate was  promptly  disavowed  by  our  Government,  but  the  American 
flag  remained  over  the  Government  building  at  Honolulu  and  the 
forces  remained  on  guard  until  April,  and  after  Mr.  Blount's  arrival 
on  the  scene,  when  both  were  removed. 

A  brief  statement  of  the  occurrences  that  led  to  the  subversion  of 
the  constitutional  Government  of  Hawaii  in  the  interests  of  annexa- 
tion to  the  United  States  will  exhibit  the  true  complexion  of  that 
transaction. 

On  Saturday,  January  14,  1893,  the  Queen  of  Hawaii,  who  had 
been  contemplating  the  proclamation  of  a  new  constitution,  had,  in 
deference  to  the  wishes  and  remonstrances  of  her  cabinet,  renounced 
the  project  for  the  present  at  least.  Taking  this  relinquished  pur- 
pose as  a  basis  of  action,  citizens  of  Honolulu  numbering  from  fifty 
to  one  hundred,  mostly  resident  aliens,  met  in  a  private  office  and  se- 
lected a  so-called  Committee  of  Safety,  composed  of  thirteen  persons, 
seven  of  whom  were  foreign  subjects,  and  consisted  of  five  Ameri- 
cans, one  Englishman,  and  one  German.  This  committee,  though 
its  designs  were  not  revealed,  had  in  view  nothing  less  than  annex- 
ation to  the  United  States,  and  between  Saturday,  the  I4tli,  and  the 
following  Monday,  the  i6th  of  January — though  exactly  what  action 
was  taken  may  not  be  clearly  disclosed — they  were  certainly  in  com- 
munication with  the  United  States  IMinister.  On  Monday  morning 
the  Queen  and  her  cabinet  made  public  proclamation,  with  a  notice 
which  was  specially  served  upon  the  representatives  of  all  foreign 
governments,  that  any  changes  in  the  constitution  would  be  sought 
only  in  the  methods  provided  by  that  instrument.  Nevertheless,  at 
the  call  and  under  the  auspices  of  the  Committee  of  Safety,  a  mass 
meeting  of  citizens  was  held  on  that  day  to  protest  against  the 
Queen's  alleged  illegal  and  unlawful  proceedings  and  purposes. 
Even  at  this  meeting  the  Committee  of  Safety  continued  to  disguise 
their  real  purpose  and  contented  themselves  with  procuring  the 
passage  of  a  resolution  denouncing  the  Queen  and  empowering  the 
committee  to  devise  ways  and  means  "to  secure  the  permanent  main- 
tenance of  law  and  order  and  the  protection  of  life,  liberty,  and  prop- 
erty in  Hawaii."  This  meeting  adjourned  between  three  and  four 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  On  the  same  day,  and  immediately  after 
such  adjournment,  the  committee,  unwilling  to  take  further  steps 
without  the  cooperation  of  the  United  States  Minister,  addressed 
him  a  note  representing  that  the  public  safety  was  menaced  and 
that  lives  and  property  were  in  danger,  and  concluded  as  follows: 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.  41 

"We  are  unable  to  protect  ourselves  without  aid,  and  therefore  pray 
for  the  protection  of  the  United  States  forces. ' '  Whatever  may  be 
thought  of  the  other  contents  of  this  note,  the  absolute  truth  of  this 
latter  statement  is  incontestable.  When  the  note  was  written  and 
delivered,  the  committee,  so  far  as  it  appears,  had  neither  a  man 
nor  a  gun  at  their  command,  and  after  its  delivery  they  became 
so  panic-stricken  at  their  position  that  they  sent  some  of  their 
number  to  interview  the  Minister  and  request  him  not  to  land  the 
United  States  forces  till  the  next  morning.  But  he  replied  that 
the  troops  had  been  ordered,  and  whether  the  committee  were 
ready  or  not  the  landing  should  take  place.  And  so  it  happened 
that  on  the  i6th  day  of  January,  1893,  between  four  and  five  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon,  a  detachment  of  marines  from  the  United  States 
steamer  Boston,  with  two  pieces  of  artillery,  landed  at  Honolulu. 
The  men,  upwards  of  160  in  all,  were  supplied  with  double  car- 
tridge belts  filled  with  ammunition  and  with  haversacks  and  can- 
teens, and  were  accompanied  by  a  hospital  corps  with  stretchers  and 
medical  supplies.  This  military  demonstration  upon  the  soil  of 
Honolulu  was  of  itself  an  act  of  war,  unless  made  either  with  the 
consent  of  the  Government  of  Hawaii  or  for  the  bona  fide  ^wx'^os^  of 
protecting  the  imperilled  lives  and  property  of  citizens  of  the 
United  States.  But  there  is  no  pretense  of  any  such  consent  on 
the  part  of  the  Government  of  the  Queen,  w^hich  at  that  time  was 
undisputed  and  was  both  the  de  facto  and  the  de  jure  government. 
In  point  of  fact  the  existing  government  instead  of  requesting  the 
presence  of  an  armed  force  protested  against  it.  There  is  as  little 
basis  for  the  pretense  that  such  forces  were  landed  for  the  security 
of  American  life  and  property.  If  so,  they  would  have  been  sta- 
tioned in  the  vicinity  of  such  property  and  so  as  to  protect  it,  instead 
of  at  a  distance  and  so  as  to  command  the  Hawaiian  Government 
building  and  palace.  Admiral  Skerrett,  the  officer  in  command  of 
our  naval  force  on  the  Pacific  station,  has  frankly  stated  that  in 
his  opinion  the  location  of  the  troops  was  inadvisable  if  they  were 
landed  for  the  protection  of  American  citizens  whose  residences 
and  places  of  business,  as  well  as  tlie  legation  and  consulate,  were 
in  a  distant  part  of  the  city,  but  the  location  selected  was  a  wise  one 
if  the  forces  were  landed  for  the  purpose  of  supporting  the  provi- 
sional government.  If  any  peril  to  life  and  property  calling  for  any 
such  martial  array  had  existed,  Great  Britain  and  other  foreign  j^ow- 
ers  interested  would  not  have  been  behind  the  United  States  in 
activity  to  protect  their  citizens.  But  tliey  made  no  sign  in  that 
direction.  When  these  armed  men  were  landed,  the  city  of  Honolulu 
was  in  its  customary  orderly  and  peaceful  condition.     There  was  no 


42  MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

symptom  of  riot  or  disturbance  in  any  quarter.  Men,  women,  and 
children  were  about  the  streets  as  usual,  and  notliing  varied  the 
ordinary  routine  or  disturbed  the  ordinary  tranquillity,  except  the 
landing-  of  the  Bos/o/i^s  marines  and  their  march  throuoh  the  town 
to  the  quarters  assigned  them.  Indeed,  the  fact  that  after  having 
called  for  the  landing  of  the  United  States  forces  on  the  plea  of 
danger  to  life  and  property  the  Committee  of  Safety  themselves 
requested  the  Minister  to  postpone  action,  exposed  the  untruthful- 
ness of  their  representations  of  present  peril  to  life  and  property. 
The  peril  they  saw  was  an  anticipation  growing  out  of  guilty  inten- 
tions on  their  part  and  something  which,  though  not  then  existing, 
they  knew  would  certainly  follow  their  attempt  to  overthrow  the 
Government  of  the  Queen  without  the  aid  of  the  United  States  forces. 

Thus  it  appears  that  1-Ia.waii  was  taken  possession  of  by  the  United 
States  forces  without  the  consent  or  wish  of  the  governniLnt  of  the 
islands,  or  of  anybody  else  so  far  as  shown,  except  the  United  States 
IMinister.  • 

Therefore  the  military  occupation  of  Honolulu  by  the  United 
States  on  the  day  mentioned  was  wholly  without  justification,  either 
as  an  occupation  by  consent  or  as  an  occupation  necessitated  by  dan- 
gers threatening  American  life  and  property.  It  must  be  accounted 
for  in  some  other  way  and  on  some  other  ground,  and  its  real  mo- 
tive and  purpose  are  neither  obscure  nor  far  to  seek. 

The  United  States  forces  being  now  on  the  scene  and  favorably 
stationed,  the  committee  proceeded  to  carry  out  their  original  scheme. 
They  met  the  next  morning,  Tuesday,  the  17th,  perfected  the  plan  of 
temporary  government,  and  fixed  upon  its  principal  officers,  ten  of 
whom  were  drawn  from  the  thirteen  members  of  the  Committee  of 
Safety.  Between  one  and  two  o'clock,  by  squads  and  by  different 
routes  to  avoid  notice,  and  having  first  taken  the  precaution  of  ascer- 
taining whether  there  was  any  one  there  to  oppose  them,  they  pro- 
ceeded to  the  Government  building  to  proclaim  the  new  government. 
No  sign  of  opposition  was  manifest,  and  thereupon  an  American  citi- 
zen began  to  read  the  proclamation  from  the  steps  of  the  Government 
building  almost  entirely  without  auditors.  It  is  said  that  before 
the  reading  was  finished  quite  a  concourse  of  persons,  variously 
estimated  at  from  50  to  100,  some  armed  and  some  unarmed, 
gathered  about  the  committee  to  give  them  aid  and  confidence. 
This  statement  is  not  important,  since  the  one  controlling  factor  in 
the  whole  affair  was  unquestionably  the  United  States  marines,  who, 
drawn  up  under  arms  and  with  artillery  in  readiness  only  seventy- 
six  yards  distant,  dominated  the  situation. 

The  provisional  government  thus  proclaimed  was  by  the  terms  of 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PKESIDENT.  43 

the  proclamation  "to  exist  until  terms  of  union  with  the  United 
States  had  been  negotiated  and  agreed  upon".  The  United  States 
Llinister,  pursuant  to  prior  agreement,  recognized  this  government 
within  an  hour  after  the  reading  of  the  proclamation,  and  before 
five  o'clock,  in  ansv/er  to  an  inquiry  on  behalf  of  the  Queen  and  her 
cabinet,  announced  that  he  had  done  so. 

When  our  Minister  recognized  the  provisional  government  the 
only  basis  upon  which  it  rested  was  the  fact  that  the  Committee  of 
Safety  had  in  the  manner  above  stated  declared  it  to  exist.  It  v/as 
neither  a  government  de  facto  nor  de  jure.  Tliat  it  was  not  in  such 
possession  of  the  Government  property  and  agencies  as  entitled  it  to 
recognition  is  conclusively  proved  by  a  note  found  in  the  files  of  the 
Legation  at  Honolulu,  addressed  by  the  declared  head  of  the  provi- 
sional government  to  Ivlinister  Stevens,  dated  January  17,  1893,  in 
which  he  acknowledges  with  expressions  of  appreciation  the  ]\Iin- 
ister's  recognition  of  the  provisional  government,  and  states  that  it 
is  not  yet  in  the  possession  of  the  station  house  (the  place  where  a 
large  number  of  the  Queen's  troops  were  quartered),  though  the  same 
had  been  demanded  of  the  Queen's  officers  in  charge.  Nevertheless, 
this  wrongful  recognition  by  our  Minister  placed  the  Government 
of  the  Queen  in  a  position  of  most  perilous  perplexity.  On  the  one 
hand  .she  had  possession  of  the  palace,  of  the  barracks,  and  of  the 
police  station,  and  had  at  her  command  at  least  five  hundred  fully 
armed  men  and  several  pieces  of  artillery.  Indeed,  the  whole  mili- 
tary force  of  her  kingdom  was  on  her  side  and  at  her  disposal,  while 
the  Committee  of  Safety,  by  actual  search,  had  discovered  that  there 
were  but  very  few  arms  in  Honolulu  that  were  not  in  the  service  ot 
the  Government.  In  this  state  of  things  if  the  Queen  could  have  dealt 
with  the  insurgents  alone  her  course  would  have  been  plain  and  the 
result  unmistakable.  But  the  United  States  had  allied  itself  with  her 
enemies,  had  recognized  them  as  the  true  Government  of  Hawaii, 
and  had  put  her  and  her  adherents  in  the  position  of  opposition 
against  lawful  authority.  She  knew  that  she  could  not  withstand 
the  power  of  the  United  States,  but  she  believed  that  she  might 
safely  trust  to  its  justice.  Accordingl}',  some  hours  after  the  recog- 
nition of  the  provisional  government  by  the  United  States  Minister, 
the  palace,  the  barracks,  and  the  police  station,  with  all  the  mili- 
tary resources  of  the  country,  were  delivered  up  by  the  Queen  upon 
the  representation  made  to  her  that  her  cause  would  thereafter  be 
reviewed  at  Washington,  and  while  protesting  that  she  surrendered 
to  the  superior  force  of  the  United  States,  whose  INIinister  had 
caused  United  States  troops  to  be  landed  at  Honolulu  and  declared 
that  he  would  support  the  provisional  government,  and  that  she 


44  MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

yielded  her  authority  to  prevent  collision  of  armed  forces  and  loss 
of  life  and  only  until  such  time  as  the  United  States,  upon  the  facts 
being  presented  to  it,  should  undo  the  action  of  its  representative 
and  reinstate  her  in  the  authority  she  claimed  as  the  constitutional 
sovereign  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands. 

This  protest  was  delivered  to  the  chief  of  the  provisional  govern- 
ment, who  endorsed  thereon  his  acknowledgment  of  its  receipt. 
The  terms  of  the  protest  were  read  without  dissent  by  those  assum- 
ing to  constitute  the  provisional  government,  who  were  certainly 
charged  with  the  knowledge  that  the  Queen  instead  of  finally 
abandoning  her  pov;er  had  appealed  to  the  justice  of  the  United 
States  for  reinstatement  in  her  authority;  and  yet  the  provisional 
government  with  this  unanswered  protest  in  its  hand  hastened  to 
negotiate  with  the  United  States  for  the  permanent  banishmentof 
the  Queen  from  power  and  for  a  sale  of  her  kingdom. 

Our  country  was  in  danger  of  occupying  the  position  of  having 
actually  set  up  a  temporary  government  on  foreign  soil  for  the  pur- 
pose of  acquiring  through  that  agency  territory  which  we  had  wrong- 
fully put  in  its  possession.  The  control  of  both  sides  of  a  bargain 
acquired  in  such  a  manner  is  called  by  a  familiar  and  unpleasant 
name  when  found  in  private  transactions.  We  are  not  without  a 
precedent  showing  how  scrupulously  we  avoided  such  accusations  in 
former  days.  After  the  people  of  Texas  had  declared  their  inde- 
pendence of  Mexico  they  resolved  that  on  the  acknowledgment  of 
their  independence  by  the  United  States  they  would  seek  admission 
into  the  Union.  Several  months  after  the  battle  of  San  Jacinto,  by 
which  Texan  independence  was  practically  assured  and  established. 
President  Jackson  declined  to  recognize  it,  alleging  as  one  of  his 
reasons  that  in  the  circumstances  it  became  us  "to  beware  of  a  too 
early  movement,  as  it  might  subject  us,  however  imjustly,  to  the 
imputation  of  seeking  to  establish  the  claim  of  our  neighbors  to  a 
territory  with  a  view  to  its  subsequent  acquisition  by  ourselves". 
This  is  in  marked  contrast  with  the  hasty  recognition  of  a  govern- 
ment openly  and  concededly  set  up  for  the  purpose  of  tendering  to 
us  territorial  annexation. 

I  believe  that  a  candid  and  thorough  examination  of  the  facts  will 
force  the  conviction  that  the  provisional  government  owes  its  exist- 
ence t6  an  armed  invasion  by  the  United  States.  Fair-minded  people 
with  the  evidence  before  them  will  hardly  claim  that  the  Hawaiian 
Government  was  overthrown  by  the  people  of  the  islands  or  that  the 
provisional  government  had  ever  existed  with  their  consent.  I  do 
not  understand  that  any  member  of  this  government  claims  that  the 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.  45 

people  would  uphold  it  by  their  suffrages  if  they  were  allowed  to  vote 
on  the  question. 

While  naturally  sympathizing  with  every  effort  to  establish  a 
republican  form  of  government,  it  has  been  the  settled  policy  of  the 
United  Qtates  to  concede  to  people  of  foreign  countries  the  same 
freedom  and  independence  in  the  management  of  their  domestic 
affairs  that  we  have  always  claimed  for  ourselves;  and  it  has  been 
our  practice  to  recognize  revolutionary  governments  as  soon  as  it 
became  apparent  that  they  were  supported  by  the  people.  For 
illustration  of  this  rule  I  need  only  to  refer  to  the  revolution  in 
Brazil  in  1889,  when  our  INIinister  w^as  instructed  to  recognize  the 
Republic  "so  soon  as  a  majority  of  the  people  of  Brazil  should  have 
signified  their  assent  to  its  establishment  and  maintenance  "  ;  to  the 
revolution  in  Chile  in  1891,  when  our  Minister  was  directed  to 
recognize  the  new  government  "  if  it  was  accepted  by  the  people"  ; 
and  to  the  revolution  in  Venezuela  in  1892,  when  our  recognition 
was  accorded  on  condition  that  the  new  government  was  "fully 
established,  in  possession  of  the  power  of  the  nation,  and  accepted 
by  the  people." 

As  I  apprehend  the  situation,  we  are  brought  face  to  face  with 
the  following  conditions : 

The  lawful  Government  of  Hawaii  was  overthrown  without  the 
drawing  of  a  sword  or  the  firing  of  a  shot  by  a  process  every  step 
of  which,  it  may  safely  be  asserted,  is  directly  traceable  to  and 
dependent  for  its  success  upon  the  agency  of  the  United  States 
acting  through  its  diplomatic  and  naval  representatives. 

But  for  the  notorious  predilections  of  the  United  States  Minister 
for  annexation,  the  Committee  of  Safety,  which  should  be  called  the 
Committee  of  Annexation,  would  never  have  existed. 

But  for  the  landing  of  the  United  States  forces  upon  false  pre- 
texts respecting  the  danger  to  life  and  property  the  committee 
would  never  have  exposed  themselves  to  the  pains  and  penalties  of 
treason  by  undertaking  the  subversion  of  the  Queen's  Government. 

But  for  the  presence  of  the  United  States  forces  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  and  in  position  to  afford  all  needed  protection  and  support 
the  committee  would  not  have  proclaimed  the  provisional  govern- 
ment from  the  steps  of  the  Government  building. 

And  finally,  but  for  the  lawless  occupation  of  Honolulu  under 
false  pretexts  by  the  United  States  forces,  and  but  for  Minister 
Stevens's  recognition  of  the  provisional  government  when  the 
United  States  forces  were  its  sole  support  and  constituted  its  only 
military  strength,  the  Queen  and  her  Government  would  never  have 
yielded  to  the  provisional  government,  even  for  a  time  and  for  the 


46  MESSAGE  OF  THE  PRESIDENT. 

sole  purpose  of  submitting  her  case  to  the  enlightened  justice  of  the 
United  States. 

Believing,  therefore,  that  the  United  States  could  not,  under  the 
circumstances  disclosed,  annex  the  islands  without  justly  incurring 
the  imputation  of  acquiring  them  by  unjustifiable  methods,  I  shall 
not  again  submit  the  treaty  of  annexation  to  the  Senate  for  its  con- 
sideration, and  in  the  instructions  to  Minister  Willis,  a  copy  of 
which  accompanies  this  message,  I  have  directed  him  to  so  inform 
the  provisional  government. 

But  in.  the  present  instance  our  duty  dpes  not,  in  my  opinion,  end 
v^ath  refusing  to  consummate  this  questionable  transaction.  It  has 
been  the  boast  of  our  Government  that  it  seeks  to  do  justice  in  all 
things  without  regard  to  the  strength  or  weakness  of  those  with 
whom  it  deals.  I  mista.ke  the  American  people  if  they  favor  tlie 
o:"!ious  doctrine  that  there  is  no  such  thing  as  international  morality, 
that  there  is  one  law  for  a  strong  nation  and  another  for  a  weak  one, 
and  that  even  by  indirection  a  strong  power  may  with  impunity 
despoil  a  weak  one  of  its  territory. 

By  an  act  of  war,  committed  with  the  participation  of  a  diplo- 
matic representative  of  the  United  States  and  without  authority  of 
Congress,  the  Government  of  a  feeble  but  friendly  and  confiding 
people  has  been  overthrown.  A  substantial  wrong  has  thus  been 
done  which  a  due  regard  for  our  national  character  as  well  as  the 
rio-hts  of  the  injured  people  requires  we  should  endeavor  to  repair. 
The  provisional  government  has  not  assumed  a  republican  or  other 
constitutional  form,  but  has  remained  a  mere  executive  council  or 
oligarchy,  set  up  without  the  assent  of  the  people.  It  has  not 
sought  to  find  a  permanent  basis  of  popular  support  and  has  given 
no  evidence  of  an  intention  to  do  so.  Indeed,  the  representatives  of 
that  government  assert  that  the  people  of  Hawaii  are  unfit  for  popu- 
lar government  and  frankly  avow  that  they  can  be  best  ruled  by 
arbitrary  or  despotic  power. 

The  law  of  nations  is  founded  upon  reason  and  justice,  and  the 
rules  of  conduct  governing  individual  relations  between  citizens 
or  subjects  of  a  civilized  state  are  equally  applicable  as  between 
enlightened  nations.  The  considerations  that  international  law  is 
without  a  court  for  its  enforcement,  and  that  oT^edience  to  its  com- 
mands practicall)^  depends  upon  good  faith,  instead  of  upon  the 
mandate  of  a  superior  tribunal,  only  give  additional  sanction  to  the 
law  itself  and  brand  any  deliberate  infraction  of  it  not  merely  as 
a  wrong  but  as  a  disgrace.  A  man  of  true  honor  protects  the 
unwritten  word  wdrich  binds  his  conscience  more  scrupulously,  if 
possible,  than  he  does  the  bond  a  breach  of  which  subjects  him  to 


MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.  47 

legal  liabilities  ;  and  the  United  States  in  aiming  to  maintain  itself 
as  one  of  the  most  enlightened  of  nations  Avould  do  its  citizens 
gross  injustice  if  it  applied  to  its  international  relations  any  other 
than  a  high  standard  of  honor  and  morality.  On  that  ground  the 
United  States  can  not  properly  be  put  in  the  position  of  counte- 
nancing a  wrong  after  its  commission  any  more  than  in  that  of 
consenting  to  it  in  advance.  On  that  ground  it  can  not  allow  itself 
to  refuse  to  redress  an  injury  inflicted  tlirough  an  abuse  of  power  by 
officers  clothed  V\dth  its  authority  and  wearing  its  uniform;  and  on 
the  same  ground,  if  a  feeble  but  friendly  state  is  in  danger  of  being 
robbed  of  its  independence  and  its  sovereignty  by  a  misuse  of  the 
name  and  power  of  the  United  States,  the  United  States  can  not 
fail  to  vindicate  its  honor  and  its  sense  of  justice  b}'  an  earnest  effort 
to  make  all  possible  reparation. 

These  principles  aj^ply  to  the  present  case  with  irresistible  force 
when  the  special  conditions  of  the  Queen's  surrender  of  her  sover- 
eignty are  recalled.  She  surrendered  not  to  the  provisional  govern- 
ment, but  to  the  United  vStates.  She  surrendered  not  absolutely 
and  permanently,  but  temporarily  and  conditionally  until  such  time 
as  the  facts  could  be  considered  by  the  United  States.  Further- 
more, the  provisional  government  acquiesced  in  her  surrender  in 
that  manner  and  on  those  terms,  not  only  by  tacit  consent,  but 
through  the  positive  acts  of  some  members  of  that  government  who 
urged  her  peaceable  submission,  not  merely  to  avoid  bloodshed,  but 
because  she  could  place  implicit  reliance  upon  the  justice  of  the 
United  States,  and  that  the  whole  subject  would  be  finally  con- 
sidered at  Washington. 

I  have  not,  however,  overlooked  an  incident  of  this  unfortunate 
affair  which  remains  to  .be  mentioned.  The  members  of  the  j^ro- 
visional  government  and  their  supporters,  though  not  entitled  to 
extreme  sympathy,  have  been  led  to  their  present  predicament  of 
revolt  against  the  Government  of  the  Queen  by  the  indefensible 
encouragement  and  assistance  of  our  diplomatic  representative.  This 
fact  may  entitle  them  to  claim  that  in  our  effort  to  rectify  the  wrong- 
committed  some  regard  should  be  had  for  their  safety.  This  senti- 
ment is  strongly  seconded  by  my  anxiety  to  do  nothing  which  would 
invite  either  harsh  retaliation  on  the  part  of  the  Queen  or  violence 
-and  bloodshed  in  any  quarter.  In  the  belief  that  the  Queen,  as  v/ell 
as  her  enemies,  would  be  willing  to  adopt  such  a  course  as  would  meet 
these  conditions,  and  in  view  of  the  fact  that  both  the  Queen  and 
the  provisional  government  had  at  one  time  apparently  acquiesced 
in  a  reference  of  the  entire  case  to  the  United  States  Government, 
and  considering  the  further  fact  that  in  any  event  the  provisional 


48  MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

government  by  its  own  declared  limitation  was  only  "to  exist  until 
terms  of  union  with  the  United  States  of  America  have  been  nego- 
tiated and  agreed  upon,"  I  hoped  that  after  the  assurance  to  the 
members  of  that  government  that  such  union  could  not  be  consum- 
mated I  might  compass  a  peaceful  adjustment  of  the  difficulty. 

Actuated  by  these  desires  and  purposes,  and  not  unmindful  of  the 
inherent  perplexities  of  the  situation  nor  of  the  limitations  upon  my 
power,  I  instructed  Minister  Willis  to  advise  the  Queen  and  her  sup- 
porters of  my  desire  to  aid  in  the  restoration  of  the  status  existing 
before  the  lawless  landing  of  the  United  States  forces  at  Honolulu 
on  the  i6th  of  January  last,  if  such  restoration  could  be  effected  upon 
terms  providing  for  clemency  as  well  as  justice  to  all  parties  con- 
cerned. The  conditions  suggested,  as  the  instructions  show,  con- 
template a  general  amnesty  to  those  concerned  in  setting  up  the 
provisional  government  and  a  recognition  of  all  its  bona  fide  acts 
and  obligations.  In  short,  they  require  that  the  past  should  be 
buried,  and  that  the  restored  Government  should  reassume  its  au- 
thority as  if  its  continuity  had  not  been  interrupted.  These  condi- 
tions have  not  proved  acceptable  to  the  Queen,  and  though  she  has 
been  informed  that  they  will  be  insisted  upon,  and  that,  unless 
acceded  to,  the  efforts  of  the  President  to  aid  in  the  restoration  of 
her  Government  will  cease,  I  have  not  thus  far  learned  that  she  is 
willing  to  3v'ield  them  her  acquiescence.  The  check  which  my  plans 
have  thus  encountered  has  prevented  their  presentation  to  the  mem- 
bers of  the  provisional  government,  while  unfortunate  public  mis- 
representations of  the  situation  and  exaggerated  statements  of  the 
sentiments  of  our  people  have  obviously  injured  the  prospects  of 
successful  Executive  mediation. 

I  therefore  submit  this  communication  with  iis  accompanying 
exhibits,  embracing  Mr.  Blount's  report,  the  evidence  and  state- 
ments taken  by  him  at  Honolulu,  the  instructions  given  to  both 
Mr.  Blount  and  Minister  Willis,  and  correspondence  connected  with 
the  affair  in  hand. 

In  commending  this  subject  to  the  extended  powers  and  wide  dis- 
cretion of  the  Congress,  I  desire  to  add  the  assurance  that  I  shall  be 
much  gratified  to  cooperate  in  any  legislative  plan  which  may  be 
devised  for  the  solution  of  the  problem  before  us  Avhich  is  consistent 
with  American  honor,  integrity,  and  morality. 

GROVER  CLEVELAND. 

Executive  Mansion, 

Washington^  December  i8^  ^^93' 


ANNUAL  REPORT  ON  THE  EINANCES. 


Teeasuey  Departiment, 
Washington,  B.  C,  December  19,  1S93. 
Sir  :  I  have  tlie  honor  to  submit  the  following  report : 

RECEIPTS  AND  EXPEKDITUHES. 


Fiscal  year  1893. 

The  revenues  of  the  Government  from  all  sources  for  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30,  1893,  were : 

From  customs *. $203, 

From  internal  revenue 161, 

From  sales  of  public  lands 3, 

From  fees — consular,  letters  patent,  and  land 3, 

From  the  District  of  Columbia 3, 

From  profits  on  coinage,  bullion  deposits,  and  assays 2, 

From  sinkiuji^  fund  for  Pacific  railways 2, 

From  tax  on  national  banks 1, 

From  repayment  of  interest  by  Pacific  railway's 

From  navy  jjcnsiou  and  navy  hospital  funds,  etc 

From  customs  fees,  fines,  penalties,  and  forfeitures 

From  sales  of  Indian  lauds 

From  sale  of  old  custom-house,  Pittsburg,  Pa 

From  proceeds  Disti'ict  of  Columbia  ten-year  funding  bonds 

From  immigrnnt  fund 

From  sales  of  Government  property 

From  Soldiers'  Home,  permanent  fund 

From  deposits  for  surveying  public  lands 

From  sale  of  old  custom-house,  Milwaukee,  Wis ... 

From  sales  of  ordnance  material 

From  tax  on  seal  skins 

From  depredations  on  public  lands < , 

From  sales  of  condemned  naval  vessels 

From  miscellaneous  sources 

From  postal  service 75, 


355 
027, 
182, 
156 
111 
349 
052 
392 
971 
962 
806 
779 
433 
405 
238 
164 
162 
156 
71 
26 
23: 
21 
1 
916 
896 


016. 
623. 
089. 
217. 
742. 
471. 
488. 
6:i3. 
832. 
780. 
919. 
310. 
500. 
164. 
219. 
703. 
733. 
282. 
526. 
187. 
972. 
148. 
138. 
936. 
933. 


Total  receipts 461,  716,  561.  94 


The  expenditures  for  the  same  period  were : 

For  the  civil  establishment,  including  foreign  intercourse,  public 
buildings,  collecting  the  revenues,  deficiency  in  postal  revenues, 
rebate  of  tax  on  tobacco,  refund  of  direct  taxes,  French  si^oliation 

claims,  District  of  Columbia,  and  other  miscellaneous  expenses $103,  732,  799.  27 

For  the  military  establishment,  including  rivers  and  harbors,  forts, 

arsenals,  and  seacoast  defenses 49,  641,  773.  47 

For  the  naval  estal)lishment,  including  construction  of  new  vessels, 
machmery,  armament,  equipment,  and  improvement  at  navy-yards...       30, 136,  084.  43 

For  Indian  service , 13,  345,  347.  27 

For  pensions 159,  357,  557.  87 

For  interest  on  the  public  debt .. , 27,264,392.  18 

For  postal  service 75,896,933.  16 

Totalexpenditures 459,374,887.65 

Leaving  a  surplus  of. 2,  341,  674.29 

Ab.  93 4  49 


50 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


To  this  suui  was  added  $2,937,580,  deposited  iu  the  Treasury  under 
the  act  of  July  14,  1890,  for  the  redemption  of  national  bank  notes ; 
§7,770  received  for  4  per  cent  bonds  issued  for  interest  accrued  on  re- 
funding certificates  converted  during  the  year,  and  14,445,400.21  taken 
from  the  cash  balance  in  the  Treasury,  making  a  total  of  $9,732,424.50, 
which  was  applied  to  the  payment  of  the  public  debt,  as  follows  : 

Redeuiptioii  of — 

Bonds,  fractional  currency,  and  notes  for  the  sinking  fund §6,  708, 744.  50 

Five-twenties  of  1862 26,200.00 

Five-twenties  of  June,  1864 16,000.00 

Consols  of  1865 6,600.00 

Consols  of  1867 11,700.00 

Consols  of  1868 25,100.00 

Ten-forties  of  1864 500.00 

National  l)ank  notes '.. 2,937,580.00 

Total 9,732,424.50 

As  com.pared  with  the  fiscal  year  1892,  the  receipts  for  1893  increased 
$35,848,301.72,  as  follov.-s: 


Source. 


]S92. 


1893. 


Increase. 


Decrease. 


Customs S177,452,9G4.15 

Internal  revenue I  153,971,072.57 

Postal  service J    70,930,475.98 

Sale  of  old  custom-house  at  Pittsburg 


Pa. 


Profits  on  coinage, bullion  deposits,  and 


Sinking  fund  for  Pacific  railways 

Pivtriet  of  Columbia 

Miscellaneous 

Tax  on  national  banks 

Fees — consular,  letters  patent, and  land.. 

Repayment  of  interest  by  Pacific  rail- 
ways  

Sale  of  old  custom-house  at  Milwaukee, 
Wis 

Deposits  for  surveying  public  lands 

District  of  Columbia  ten-year  fimding 
bonds 

Sale  of  land,  Brooklyn  navy-yard 

Smithsonian  fund 

Navy  iicnsion  and  navy  hospital  funds... 

Customs  fees,  fines,  penalties,  etc 

Sales  of  public  lands 

S.alcs  of  ordnance  material 

Sales  of  Ciovernment  property 

Sales  of  Indian  lands 

Immigrant  fund 

Depredations  on  public  lands 

Soldiers'  Home  permanent  fund 

Sales  of  coudennied  naval  vessels 

Tax  on  sealskins....'. 


2,020,512.39 
1,828,771.46 
2,9f.7,014.71 
783,059,83 
1,261,338.11 
3,130,437.00 

'  962, 437. 67 

CA,  OOO.  00 
149,966.21 


2, 412, 

593. 

200, 

1,118, 

909, 

3,261, 

101, 

236, 

847, 

330, 

61, 

194, 

31, 

46, 


744.00 
860. 33 
000. 00 
155. 25 
249. 66 
875.58 
242. 35 
498. 38 
813. 23 
128.65 
623.  a5 
.385.45 
854.12 
749. 23 


5203,35.5,016.73   825,902,052.58 
11,027,623.93 
5, 896, 933. 16 


161,027,623.93       7,056,551.36  I. 
4,966,457.18  '. 


.    433, 500. 00 

2,349,471.15 
2,052,488.39 
3,111,742.27 
916, 936. 70 
1,392,02.3.63 
3, 156, 217. 12 

971,832.08 

71,526.37 
156,  282. 46 

405,164.00 


962, 

806, 

3, 182, 

26, 
164, 
779, 
288, 

ai, 

162, 

], 

23, 


Total '  425.868,260.22     461,716,561.94     39,370,114.45  1  .3,521,812.73 


433,500.00    . 

328, 958. 76 
223,710.93 
144,697.50 
133, 876. 87 
13l,2«:,>.52 
25, 780. 00 

9, 395. 01 

7,526.37 
0,316.25 


,007, 
593, 
200, 
155, 
102, 
79, 
75, 
.  "1, 

as, 

41. 
40, 
31, 
30, 
22, 


Net  increase 35,818,301.72 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


51 


There  was  au  increase  of  $38,454,623.91  iu  the  ordiuary  expenditures, 
as  follows : 


Source. 


1892. 


Increase. 


Decrease. 


CIVIL  ESTABLISHMENT. 

Legislative — 

Salaries  and  expenses 

Executive  Proper — 

Salaries  and  expenses 

Deparliiient  of  State^ 

Salaries  and  expenses. 

Foreij;a  intercourse 

Treasury  Department — 

Salaries  and  expenses 

Independent  Treasury 

Mints  and  assay  offices 

Territorial  governments 

Salaries,  etc.,  internal  revenue 

Keb.ate  of  tax  on  tobacco 

Refund  of  direct  tax , 

Bounty  on  sugar 

Refund  for  land  sold  for  direct  tax 
in  South  Carolina 

Miscellaneous,  internal  revenue 

Collecting  customs  revenue 

Refunding  excess  of  deposits 

Debentures  or  drawbacks 

Miscellaneous  items,  customs 

Revenue  Cutter  Service 

Regulating  immigration 

Chinese  exclusion  act 

New  revenue  vessels 

Alien  contract-labor  laws 

Mavine-IIospital  Service 

Life-Saving  Service 

I>iglit-IIouse  Establishment 

Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey 

Stcamlxiat-Inspection  Service 

Engraving  and  ijrinting 

Riil)lic  buildings 

Fuel,  etc.,  public  buildings 

Cu--todians  and  janitors 

Furniture  for  public  buildings 

Heating  apparatus,  public  buildings.. 

Vaults,  safes,  etc.,  public  buildings..., 

Propagation  of  food-fishes 

Fish  hatcheries 

National  Museum 

Zoological  Park 

Smithsonian  Institution ^ 

CoUuubian  Exposition 

Interstate  Commerce  Commission 

E.xpenscs  of  Treasury  notes 

Sinking  funds,  Pacific  railways 

French  spoliation  claims 

Miscellaneous  items 

War  Department — 

.Salaries  and  expenses 

Navy  Department — 

Salaries  and  expenses 

Interior  Department — 

Salaries  and  e.vpcnses 

Public  lands  service 

Colleges  for  agriculture 

Eleventh  Census 

Jliscellaneous  items 

Post-Ofiice  Department — 

Salaries  and  expenses 

Deficiency  in  postal  revenues 

Mail  transportation,  Pacific  rail- 
roads  

IMiscellaneous  items 

Department  of  Agriculture- 
Salaries  and  expenses 

AVeathcr  Bureau 

Department  of  Ijalior — 

Salaries  and  expenses 


$7, 68a 
177. 

ia5, 

1,742 

3,210 
•198, 

1,191 
199, 

3,900, 
318 

2,610 

7, 312 


168 

6, 640 

3,007. 

3,688: 

294: 

993, 

232 

"ea 

IG. 

98, 

634 

1,0.59. 

3,237 

526, 

273: 

1,123 

6,319. 

751 

Gia 

293 

102 

38 
305 

58 
189 

06, 
113 
519, 
218 
249 

1,  833 
102 
368, 

2,414 

380, 

4,774 

2,  .351 
1,017 
1,2,tO 

069 

876, 
4,051 


514. 32 

615.59 

504.76 
400. 25 

408.77 
498.64 
590. 15 

384. 68 
645.21 

856. 05 
855.07 
077. 79 

7-51.50 
531.71 
276.05 
213.81 
999. 64 

497. 69 
942. 82 
944.09 
021.70 
049. 44 
660.00 
278.07 
098. 20 
317.44 
069. 53 
809. 79 
033. 84 
276. 94 
661.47 
721.03 
697.77 
767.51- 
575.13 
851.61 
478.68 

227. 06 
939.07 
880. 23 

875. 73 
885. 63 
467.50 
422. 52 

440. 74 
510. 77 

918.70 

539. 03 

279. 84 
440. 17 
000.00 
422.  86 
O'oG.  61 

817.41 
489. 71 


1,088,379.31 
772. 01 

2,204,912.79 
7.3,8,919.08 

•    168,2.59.40 


58,308,057.07 
329,616.50 

141. 909. 87 
1,997,042.90 

3,188,908.33 

497. 833. 88 
1,155,519.97 

214, 8->G.  19 

4,175,627.90 

265.72 

816,31.5.65 
9, 375, 130. 88 


278, 

220, 

6,756, 

2, 898, 

3,574, 

236, 

922 

228^ 

76, 

46, 

64, 

634, 

1, 2.58, 

2, 684, 

465, 

30  i, 

1,039, 

5, 050, 

785, 

704, 

251, 

108, 

69, 

295, 

22, 

loe! 

50, 

125, 

2,711, 

240. 

26G; 

1, 977, 

19, 

492, 


234.42 
862. 21 
700.98 
370. 14 
151.72 
271.68 
097. 36 
975. 29 
237. 53 
905. 50 
9.54. 12 
8.55. 50 
526.55 
853. 00 
540.03 
5.34.36 
842.57 
796. 59 
987. 85 
010.67 
17.3.12 
14,3. 39 
611.78 
394. 43 
026. 27 
404.44 
390. 20 
976. 82 
258.51 
827. 45 
(5.57. 15 
296.71 
776.00 
084. 61 


2, 382, 715. 37 

38r>,&54.60 

4, 762, 902. 62 
2,321,715.51 

912, 000. 00 
1,172,569.66 

582, 318. 43 

861,122.87 
5, 946, 795. 19 

1,015,229.20 
1,408.G1 

2, 236,  .500. 92 
905,  .'379. 81 

179, 689. 18 


$624,542.75 

152, 000. 91 

6,405.11 
254, 612. 65 


15,471.51 

268, 982. 69 


2,033,0.53.09 

212,482.92 
52,  330.  .50 
llOy.514.93 


13,215.83 
30,910.06 


577. 43 
198, 828. 35 


27,664.57 


34, 323.  .38 
93,319.04 


5,375.88 
31,036.05 


12,096.59 

2, 191,. 382. 78 

21,9n.82 

17,189.65 

143, 874. 19 


123, 573. 84 


6,314.97 


1, 895, 305. 48 


636. 60 


31.. 588. 13 
166, 4.30. 13 


11,420.78 


$21,. 500.41 

061.70 

36,070.18 


3 18,  .590.  .33 
],791,539.>12 


108,818.67 
114,847.92 
5.8,220.01 
71,81.5.46 
3, 968.  to 


33, 705. 88 


552,401.44 
69, 529. 50 


8.3,191.27 
1, 268, 480. 35 


42.524.05 


10,4,57.1.8 
36,4.52.41 
22,  822. 02 
16, 548. 87 


82,664.74 
32, 233. 33 


11,377.22 
29,721.66 
105, 000. 00 
83, 853. 20 
86, 748. 13 

1.5,601.51 


7.3,1.50.11 


52      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Increase  in  ordinary  expenditures — Continued. 


1S02. 


Increase.        Decrease 


Depnrtnient  of  Justice — 

Salaries  and  expenses 

I-'ces  of  supervisors  of  elections .... 

Salaries  of  justices,  marshals,  etc., 

Fees  and  expenses  of  marshals 

Fees  of  witnesses 

Fees  of  district  attorneys 

Fees  of  jurors 

Fees  of  clerks...... 

F'ecs  of  commissioners 

Support  of  prisoners 

Pay  of  bailids 

Judgments,  United  States  courts.. 

Miscellaneous  items 

Expenses  territorial  courts  in  Utah.... 
District  of  Columbia — 

S.alaries  and  expenses 

Ten-year  funding  bonds 


Total  Civil  Establishment.. 


MILIT.^RY  ESTABLI-SHMEXT. 


Pay  Department 

Subsistence  Department 

Quartermaster's  Department 

Medical  Department 

Ordnance  Department 

Engineer's  Department 

Signal  Service 

Military  Academy 

Improving'  harbors 

Improving  rivers 

^lilitary  posts 

Expenses  of  recruiting 

Records  of  the  Kebcllion 

National  Home  for  Disabled  Soldiers.... 

State  homes  for  disabled  soldiers 

Support  of  Soldiers'  Home 

Soldiers'  Home,  permanent  fund 

Soldiers'  Home,  interest  account 

Horses  lost  in  service 

Damages  by  improvement  of  Fox  and 

Wisconsin  rivers 

Miscellaneous  items 


Total  Military  Establishment.. 


N.WAI,  ESTABLISHMENT. 


Increase  of  the  Navy 

Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks 

Bureau  of  Equipment 

Bureau  of  Navigation 

Bureau  of  Construction  and  Repair.. 

Bureau  of  Ordnance 

Bureau  of  Steam  Engineering 

Bureau  of  Snp))lics  and  Accounts 

Bureau  of  IMcdieine  and  Surgery 

Jlarine  Corps 

Naval  Academy 

Pay  of  the  Navy 

MisccUar.eous  items 


Total  Naval  Establishment.. 


Indian  Service 

Pensions 

Interest  on  the  public  debt.. 


Grand  total.. 
Net  increase. 


S277, 

79, 

829, 

934, 

1, 037, 

302, 

599, 

231, 

137, 

374, 

131, 

3, 

228, 

41, 


482. 19 
503. 49 
C12.  P6 
079. 08 
511.53 
881.58 
509. 51 
390. 97 
G26.10 
287. 51 
210. 02 
617.00 
C68. 29 
827.51 


8305, 

COS, 

1,011, 

1, 678. 

1,150, 

38G, 

564, 

331, 

438, 

753, 

227, 

17, 

415, 

114, 


044. 41 
698.39 
841.36 
019.83 
930.02 
1G4.66 
993. 17 
783.76 
742. 64 
614.50 
750. 92 
695. 70 
471.51 
171.60 


627, 562. 22 
529, 194. 90 
182, 223. 40 
743,310.15 
113,418.49 
83, 280.  C8 


100,392.79 

301,116.54 

379, 326. 99 

96, 540. 90 

14,078.70 

186,803.22 

69,344.09 


S34, 516. 34 


6,331,960.56 
2,412,744.00 


5,827,525.02 
405, 156. 00 


504,4.35.51 
2,  C07,  .5&S.  00 


99,841,988.61 


103,732,799.27 


11,644,075.68 


7,753,205.02 


13, 936, 

1,524, 

7,209, 

681, 

4,  694, 

878, 

31, 

317, 

4,  473, 

8, 543, 

6.30, 

120, 

187, 

2, 067, 

458, 

194, 

120, 

72, 


795. 73 
040. 97 
849.70 

989. 33 
947. 27 
562. 43 
697. 62 
471.85 
678. 42 
5,30.06 
744. 53 
709.27 
439.62 
444.53 

333. 34 
254.43 
900.00 
879.55 
878.04 


13, 615, 

1, 608, 

8, 095, 

382. 

4,  827, 

839, 

36, 

227, 

4, 067, 

10, 732, 

593, 

120, 

230, 

2, 478, 

699, 

162, 

129, 

74, 

46, 


177. 17 
306.37 
768. 44 
4.59. 89 
732. 78 
732. 06 
2C4.44 
128. 65 
120.24 
715.71 
413.24 
515. 87 
900.39 
651.67 
090. 10 
55C.  39 
000.00 
1S8.06 
411.23 


84, 265. 40 
885,918.74 


321,618.56 


132,785.51 

""X^m.si 


299, 529. 49 
"38,830.37 


2, 189, 185. 68 


90, 343. 20 
406, 558. 18 


37,301.29 
193. 40 


43, 460. 77 
411.207.14 
210.756.76 


749, 309. 56 


139, 957. 83 
534, 642. 91 


8,100.00 

1,318.51 

45, 533. 19 

139, 957. 83 


31,698.04 


214,666.65 


46,895,456.30 


49,641,773.47 


4,187,056.35 


1,440,7.39.18 


13, 756, 

1,445, 

1, 063, 

253, 

1, 206, 

610, 

763, 

1, 575, 

219, 

878, 

22  J 

7,04l', 

136, 


499.90 
35S.  35 
616.82 
286. 55 
735. 82 
095.18 
110.27 
064. 12 
COG.  99 
987.78 
378. 32 
529.  49 
469. 39 


29, 174, 138. 98 


11,1.50,577.67 
134, 583, 0.52. 79 
23, 378, 116. 23 


15, 030, 

1,209, 

861, 

215, 

994, 

449, 

753, 

1,505, 

223, 

894, 

211, 

7,401, 

352, 


226. 74 
7G2. 70 
414. 98 
G17.41 

423. 28 

788. 29 
836. 34 
843. 92 
916. 40 
811.02 
744. 63 
862. 60 
806.12 


1,273,726.81 


235,  .595. 65 
202,201.84 

7,  G69. 14 
212,312.54 
160, 300. 89 

9, 273. 93 
69, 220. 20 


4, 909. 41 
15,853.24 


12, 633.  C9 


300, 333. 11 
216, 336. 73 


30, 136, 084. 43 


1.3, 345,  .347. 27 
159, 357, 557. 87 
27, 264. 392. 18 


345,023,330.58  383,477,951.49 


38,454,823.91 


1, 871, 159. 33 


909,213.88 


2,191,769.60 

24, 774, 1505.  OS 

3, 886, 275. 95 


48,557,811.99 


10, 103, 21. S.  08 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  53 

Fiscal  year  1894-. 

The  revenues  of  the  Government  for  the  present  fiscal  year  are  thus 
estimated  upon  the  basis  of  existing  laws : 

From  customs $175,000,000  00 

From  internal  revenue 150,  000,  000.  00 

From  miscellaneous  sources 20,  000,  000.  00 

From  x)ostal  service 85, 121,  365.  38 

Total  estimated  revenues 430, 121,  365.  38 

The  expenditures  for  the  same  i)criod  are  estimated  as  follows : 

For  the  civil  establishment $101,  000,  000.  00 

For  the  military  establishmeoit 52,000,000.00 

For  the  naval  establishment 32,500,000.  00 

For  the  Indian  service 9,  000,  000.  00 

For  pensions 152,000,000.00 

For  interest  on  the  public  debt .• 26,500,000.00 

For  postal  service 85, 121,  365.  33 

Total  estimated  expenditures 458,121,365.38 

Or  a  deficit  of. 28,000,000.00 

Fiscal  year  1895. 

It  is  estimated  that  upon  the  basis  of  existing  laws  the  revenues  of  the 
Government  for  the  fiscal  year  1895  will  be : 

From  cu.stoms ?190,  000,  000.  00 

From  internal  revenue 160,  000,  000.  00 

From  miscellaneous  sources 20,  000,  000.  00 

From  po.stal  service 84,427,748.41 

Total  estimated  revenues 454,  427,  748.  44 

The  estimates  of  appropriations  required  for  the  same  i)eriod,  as  sub- 
mitted by  the  several  Executive  Departments  and  offices,  are  as  follovrs: 

Legislative  establishment , §3,793,104.23 

Execi;tive  establishment — 

Executive  proper §203,  280.  00 

State  Department 158,000.00 

Treasury  Department 8,716,036.10 

War  Department 1,  862,  016.  00 

Navy  Department 430.  860.  00 

Interior  Department 5,179^094.00 

Post-Office  Department 926,130.00 

Department  of  Agriculture 2,233,843.00 

Department  of  Justice 181,200.00 

Department  of  Labor 161,870.00 

20,  055,  329. 16 

Judicial  establishment 695,  920.  00 

Foreign  intercourse 1,  642,  638.  76 

Military  establLshraent 25,709,895.40 

Naval  establishment 27,138,127.02 

Indian  affixii's 6,  931, 156.  61 

Pensions «, 162,631,570.  00 

Public  Works- 
Legislative $905,000.00 

Treasury  Department 2,452,935.00 

War  Department 21,463,307.65 

Navy  Department .^.....         737,787.00 

Interior  Department .*.....         128,220.00 

Department  of  Justice 1,  000.  00 

25,  0S8.  249.  65 


54  REroRT    OF    THE    SEt'KETAltY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 

MisfollanooTis — 

Le.iiislativc $3,205,618.83 

Treasure  Department U,  9(53,  355.  33 

War  Department 4,401,280.70 

Interior  Department 2,108,180.00 

Department  of  Justice » 5,  330,  725.  00 

Di-strict  of  Columbia 5,331,473.91 


§30,  54G,  G33.  77 

Postal  .service,  inchuling  $5,971,736.89  deficiency  in  postal  revenues...       90,  399,  485.  33 
Pernianent  annu.'il  appropriations — 

Interest  on  the  public  debt ?26,  500,  000.  00 

Rol'nnding — customs,  internal  revenue,  etc 10,  533,  000.  00 

Collecting  revenue  from  customs 5,  500,  000.  00 

Miscellaneous 10,  541,  080.  00 

^3,  074,  630.  00 

Total  estimated  appropriations,  exclusive  of  sinking  fund 448,  306,  789.  93 

Or  an  estimated  surplus  of 6, 120,  958.  51 

COINS  AND  COINAGE— PRECIOUS  METALS. 

Tho  report  of  the  Director  of  the  Mint  gives  in  detail  the  operations 
of  the  mints  and  assay  offices  during  tlie  year,  together  with  statistics 
and  inquiries  in  relation  to  the  financial  condition  of  our  own  and  for- 
eign countries. 

The  value  of  the  gold  deposited  at  the  mints  and  assay  offices  during 
the  year  was  $50,839,905.53.  Of  this  sum  $40,449,841.50  were  composed 
of-  original  deposits  and  $4,390,064.03  were  redcposits.  Of  the  amount 
deposited  $33,286,167.94  was  classed  as  of  domestic  production,  $8,541,- 
027.11  foreign  gold  coin  and  bullion,  $3,830,176.02  old  material,  and  worn 
and  uncurrent  domestic  gold  coins  $792,470.43. 

The  deposits  and  purchases  of  silver  during  the  year  aggregated  65,- 
822,135.19  fine  ounces,  the  coining  value  of  the  same  in  silver  dollars 
being  $85,103,300.67.  Of  this  sum  $73,006,045.23  was  of  domestic  pro- 
duction and  $2,901,180.90  foreign  bullion  and  coin  ;  and  of  worn  and 
uncurrent  silver  coin,  $6,913,179.96;  old  plate,  etc.,  $753,426.40,  and  re- 
deposits,  $869,534.06. 

The  amount  of  silver  purchased  under  the  act  of  July  14,  1890,  during 
the  year  was  54,008,162.59  fine  ounces,  costing  $45,531,374.53,  and  the 
average  price,  $0.8430.  Tlie  total  amount  of  silver  purchased  under  the 
act  of  July  14,  1890,  from  August  13,  1890,  to  K"ovcmber  2,  1893,  inclu- 
sive, was  168,674,590.46  fine  ounces,  costing  $155, 930, 940. 84,  the  average 
price  per  ounce  being  $0.9244. 

Of  the  silver  purchased  under  this  act.  consumed  in  the  coinage  during 
the  year,  there  were  4,133,029.56  fine  ounces,  costing  $3,784,417.64,  and 
the  number  of  silver  dollars  coined  was  $5,343, 715.  The  seigniorage  on 
this  coinage  was  $1,559,297.36. 

The  coinage  during  the  year  consisted  of  97,280,875  pieces,  valued  as 
follows : 

Gold $30,038,140.00 

Silver  doliars 5,343,715.00 

Subsidiary  silver , 7,217,220.90 

Minor  coins 1,086,102.90 

Total 43,085,178.80 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


55 


The  total  amount  used  in  the  coiuage  of  silver  dollars  under  the  act 
of  July  14,  1890,  has  beeu  27,911,259.48  fine  ounces,  costing  $29,110,- 
186.61. 

The  total  number  of  silver  dollars  coined  was  36,087,285.  The  total 
seigniorage  was  $6,977,098.39,  leaving  a  balance  on  hand  at  the  mints  of 
140.699,760  fine  ounces,  costing  $126,758,218. 

Tlie  total  amount  of  silver  purchased  by  the  Government  from  March 
1,  1873,  has  been  as  follows : 


Under  the  act  of  1873., 
irndev  the  act  of  1875. 
Under  the  act  of  1.78., 
Under  the  act  of  1890., 
Under  the  act  of  1887. 


Total  . 


Fine  ounces. 


5,434,282 

31,  G03, 906 

291,272,018 

168, 674, 682 

*6, 018, 921 


503,003,809 


Cost. 


516, 623, 010 


*  Trade  dollars. 

The  pi-ice  of  silver  July  1,  1892,  was  88  cents,  the  highest  price  at- 
tained during  the  fiscal  year.  The  closing  price  on  June  30,  1893,  was 
65  cents,  a  diiference  of  23  cents  per  ounce.  The  average  x>rice  for  the 
year  Avas  84 i  cents. 

Late  in  June,  India  closing  her  mints  to  the  coinage  of  silver,  the 
price  declined  rapidly  from  SSld.  to  oOid.,  which  was  equal  to  a  decline 
of  8 If?.,  or  about  17  cents. 

Imports  and  exports. 

The  movement  of  gold  for  the  fiscal  year  shows  an  excess  of  exports 
over  imports  of  $86,897,275,  while  the  excess  for  the  fiscal  year  1892 
was  only  $142,654. 

The  exports  of  silver  exceeded  the  imports  by  $7,653,813,  being  an 
increase  over  the  fiscal  year  1892  in  the  net  exi:)orts  of  $2,617,985. 

Earniiufs  and  expenditures. 

During  the  year  the  amount  expended  for  the  support  of  the  Mint 
service  aggregated  $1,344,005.07,  as  against  $1,500,494.03  for  the  fiscal 
year  1892,  The  total  earnings  of  the  mints  and  assaj^  offices  during  the 
year  were  $2,765,869.86,  showing  a  difference  between  the  earnings  and 
expenditures  of  $1,421,864.79. 

Froduotion  of  gold  and  silver  in  the  United  States. 

Daring  the  calendar  year  1892  the  amount  of  thex)recious  metals  x)ro- 
duced  in  the  United  States  was  estimated  to  have  been : 


Fine  ounces. 

Commercial  value. 

Coining  value. 

Gold 

1,596.375                     $3.3,000,000 
58  000  000                       -Vi  Tnit  firm 

?.T.3,000,000 
74,989,900 

Silver 

56      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

The  production  of  gold  and  silver  in  the  world  was  eslimrtted  to  have 
been : 

Gold $138,861,000 

Silver *. 196,458,800 

The  icorlcVs  coinage. 

Information  received  as  to  the  coinage  of  gold  and  silver  by  the  vari- 
ous countries  of  the  world  for  the  calendar  year  1892,  shows  the  amount 
to  have  been: 

Gold $167,917,337 

Silver 143,  096,  2:',9 

MeUdlic  stocJc  of  money  in  the  United  States. 

The  metallic  stock  of  money  in  the  United  States,  consisting  of  coin 
and  bullion,  on  July  1,  1893,  was  estimated  at  $1,213,559,109,  of  which 
$597,G97,G85  was  gold,  and  $G15,861,484  silver. 

Use  of  gold  and  silver  in  the  arts  and  manufactures. 

The  value  of  the  gold  and  silver  used  in  the  industrial  arts  in  the 
United  States  during  the  last  calendar  year,  based  upon  the  best  infor- 
mation obtainable,  was  approximately,  gold,  .$16,616,408;  silver,  ^9,- 
106, 540.  Of  the  gold  .$10, 588, 703  and  of  the  silver  $7,204, 210  were  new 
bullion. 

PUBLIC   MONEYS. 

The  monetary  transactions  of  the  Government  have  been  conducted 
through  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  nine  subtreasury  officers,  and 
165  national  bank  depositaries.  The  number  of  such  depositaries  ou 
November  1,  1893,  was  153,  and  the  amount  of  public  moneys  held  by 
them  on  that  date,  including  those  to  the  credit  of  the  Treasurer's  gen- 
eral account  and  United  States  disbursing  officers,  was  $15,457,331.04,  a 
reduction  since  November  1,  1892,  in  number  of  depositaries  of  six,  and 
in  amount  of  holdings  of  $405,083.77. 

LOANS   AND   CURRENCY. 

The  amount  of  United  States  interest-bearing  bonds  outstanding  lias 
been  increased  $7,020  since  November  1,  1892.  This  increase  appears 
in  the  4  per  cent  funded  loan  of  1907,  and  results  from  the  issue  of  bonds 
on  account  of  accrued  interest  on  refunding  certificates  presented  for 
redemi^tion  in  such  bonds  as  authorized  by  the  act  of  Congress  apijroved 
February  26,  1879. 

No  purchases  of  bonds  were  made  during  the  twelve  months  ended 
November  1,  1893. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


57 


The  volume  of  money  in  the  couutry  outside  of  the  United  States 
Treasury  has  increased  $112,404,947  during  the  same  period,  as  shown 
by  the  following  table : 


31one!/  outside  of  the  Treasury. 


Nov.  1. 1892. 

Nov.  1,  1893. 

Decrease. 

Increase. 

$411,252,197 
61,072,455 
05, 985, 408 
120, 255, 349 
324,552,532 
114,507,423 
332, 080, 234 
10, 550,  COO 
105, 224, 137 

§498,121,079 
58, 725, 818 
04, 309, 807 
78,  SS9, 309 
325,717,232 
150,818,582 
321,  892, 028 
22, 325,  000 
197,745,227 

S86, 869, 482 

82,940,037 

1, 075, 601 

41,366,040 



1, 164, 700 

Treasury  notes,  act  July  14,  1S90 

36  251  159 

10, 188, 206 

11,775,000 

32  .521  090 

Totals 

1,606,139,735 

1,718,544,682 

56,170,484 

168  581  431 

112  404  917 

NATIONAL   BANKS. 


The  rei)orfc  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  gives  comiDlete  and 
detailed  information  as  to  the  organization,  condition,  and  management 
of  all  active  and  failed  national  banks  during  the  year  ended  October 
31,  1893. 

One  hundred  and  nineteen  banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $11,  - 
230,000,  were  oi'ganized  during  the  year,  46  went  into  voluntary  liqui- 
dation, and  05  became  insolvent,  leaving  a  net  increase  of  8  for  the  year. 

Of  the  new  banks  organized  during  the  year,  44  are  located  in  the 
Eastern  States,  41  west  of  the  Mississippi  Elver,  and  34  in  the  Central 
and  Southern  States. 

The  total  number  of  banks  in  operation  October  31, 1893,  was  3,  TOG, 
having  an  aggregate  capital  of  $695,558,120,  and  surplus  and  undivided 
profits  on  October  3,  1893,  of  $339,153,447.  The  total  amount  of  indi- 
vidual deposits  was  $1,451,124,330,  total  bank,  deposits  $349,315,077, 
and  total  resources,  $3,109,563,284. 

One  hundred  and  fifty- eight  banks  suspended  during  the  year,  having 
a  capital  stock  of  $30,300,000.  Of  this  number,  however,  86,  with  a 
capital  stock  of  $18,205,000,  resumed  business.  The  general  policy  was 
inaugurated  of  permitting  a  bank  to  resume  where  it  had  not  been 
improperly  conducted  and  was  perfectly  solvent,  but  had  been  com- 
pelled to  close  through  lack  of  currency  caused  by  withdraM^als  on  the 
part  of  depositors.  The  result  of  this  policy  proved  to  be  of  great 
benefit  in  restoring  confidence  and  in  checking  widespread  disaster  to 
the  banks. 

The  number  that  passed  into  the  hands  of  receivers  was  65,  with  a 
capital  stock  of  $10, 885, 000.  Seven  still  remain  in  the  charge  of  national 
bank  examiners  with  jDrospects  of  speedy  resumption. 


58      RErOET  OF  THE  SECRETAKY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

A  (,'oinpaiisou  ol'  tlie  figures  appearing  in  the  table  showing  the  con- 
dition of  the  banks  at  the  five  dates  upon  which  reports  were  called  for 
by  the  Comptroller  exhibits  in  the  clearest  light  the  effect  of  the 
financial  stringency  of  the  year.  The  aggregate  resources  or  liabilities 
on  October  3,  1893,  were  $3,109,563,284,  or  -1^100,531,613  less  than  on 
September  30,  1802,  when  the  aggregate  resources  or  liabilities  were 
$3,510,094,897,  the  highest  point  ever  reached  in  the  history  of  the 
system.  This  shrinkage  is  accounted  for  by  the  decrease  in  the  follow- 
ing items  ol'  liabilities  :  Capital  stock,  $8,032,677  ;  individual  deposits, 
$314,298,653,  and  bank  and  bankers'  deposits,  $181,338,125. 

"While  national  bank  circulation  secured  by  deposit  of  bonds  increased 
$40,080,015  during  the  year  ended  October  31,  1893,  $3,895,318  of  that 
for  which  lawful  money  had  been  deposited  was  redeemed  during  tbe 
year,  so  that  the  net  increase  during  the  year  amounted  to  $36,184,697. 

The  gold  held  by  the  banks  on  October  3,  1893,  the  date  of  last  re- 
port of  condition  of  banks,  as  compared  with  the  amount  held  Septem- 
ber 30,  1892,  showed  an  increase  of  $8,410,815. 

The  ]  iabilities  of  banks  for  all  kinds  of  borrowed  money,  increased  $54,  - 
464,028,  and  surplus  and  undivided  profits,  $9,701,205.  The  decrease 
in  the  items  making  up  the  resources  are  shown  in  loans  and  discounts, 
$327,406,926  ;  stocks,  securities,  etc.,  $5,965,564,  and  due  from  banks  and 
bankers,  $132,054,654,  but  cash  of  all  kinds  on  hand  increased  $30, 968, 606, 
and  the  United  States  bonds  held  for  all  purposes,  $40,601,250. 

Tt  is  to  be  noted  that  the  great  proportion  of  this  shrinkage  occurred 
between  May  4  and  October  3,  1893. 

The  total  assets  of  the  banks  suspending  show  a  considerable  excess 
over  liabilities,  but  in  some  instances  the  assets  of  those  which  passed 
into  the  hands  of  receivers  will  fall  below  the  liabilities,  and  there  will 
therefore  be  a  deficit  in  certain  instances  in  dividends  to  creditors. 

TJie  general  stringency  of  the  money  mai-kct  throughout  the  greater 
X)art  of  the  year  seriously  affected  collections  of  assets  by  receivers, 
and,  therefore,  the  amount  of  dividends  paid  has  not  reached  as 
high  a  jioiut  as  would  have  been  the  case  under  ordinary  financial 
conditions.  However,  the  general  showing  is,  in  view  of  all  the  cir- 
cumstances, very  creditable.  In  two  instances  banks  which  passed  into 
the  hands  of  receivers,  with  a  million  capital  each  and  large  liabilities, 
have  already  paid  70  per  cent  and  in  several  others  50  per  cent. 

The  number  of  insolvent  banks  placed  on  the  inactive  list  during  the 
year  was  5,  and  the  number  whose  affairs  were  closed  and  accounts 
settled  was  4. 
'  The  Comj)troller  recommends — 

(1)  That  banks  be  allowed  to  issue  circulating  notes  equal  to  the  par 
value  of  bonds  deposited  to  secure  circulation. 

(2)  That  the  tax  on  national-bank  circulation  be  reduced  to  one-fourth 
of  1  per  cent. 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.      59 

(3)  That  the  Comptroller  of  tlie  Currency,  with  the  approval  of  tlie 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  lie  empowered  to  remove  officers  and  direct- 
ors of  a  bank  for  violation  of  law  on  proper  showing.     ' 

(4)  That  no  executive  officer  of  a  bank  or  employ^  thereof  be  i)crmitted 
to  borrow  the  funds  of  such  bank,  except  upon  application  to  and  ap- 
proval of  the  board  of  directors. 

(5)  That  the  assistant  cashier,  in  the  absence  or  inability  of  the  cashier, 
be  authorized  to  sign  circulating  notes. 

(G)  That  the  law  be  amended  by  proper  legislation  to  empovrer  some 
class  of  public  officers  to  administer  the  general  oaths  required  by  the 
provisions  of  the  national-bank  act. 

(7)  That  there  be  ai)pointed  by  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency, 
with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  two  supervising 
examiners,  to  be  paid  for  out  of  the  public  funds,  whose  duty  it  shall 
be  to  assist  examiners  in  any  matters  that  may  seem  to  the  Comptroller 
requiring  unusual  supervision. 

(8)  That  the  law  fixing  the  compensation  of  bank  examiners  outside 
of  reserve  cities  be  so  amended  as  to  allow  the  Comptroller  of  the  Cur- 
rency, with  the  ai)i3roval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  to  fix  such 
compensation  in  the  same  manner  as  that  in  which  the  compensation  of 
examiners  in  reserve  cities  is  now  fixed. 

(9)  That  bank  examiners  be  required  to  take  an  oath  of  office  before 
entering  upon  the  discharge  of  their  duties,  and  to  give  bond  in  such 
amount  and  with  such  sureties  as  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  may 
require. 

In  supj)ort  of  the  various  recommendations  which  are  made  the 
Comptroller  submits  certain  suggestions  calling  the  attention  of  Con- 
gress to  the  reasons  why  such  amendments  are  pertinent  and  should 
receive  attention.  It  is  also  suggested  that  some  of  these  recommenda- 
tions have  been  made  heretofore,  but  have  not  received  attention  on 
the  part  of  Congress. 

Among  other  subjects  which  are  discussed  at  length  in  the  report  of 
the  Comptroller  is  that  of  clearing-house  loan  certificates  and  the  func- 
tions which  they  are  designed  to  discharge,  showiug  that  they  are  used 
simply  to  settle  balances  between  banks  belonging  to  the  clearing-house 
association  and  do  not  circulate  as  money;  also  a  general  discussion  of 
the  provisions  of  the  statute  upon  the  subject  of  lawful  money  reserves. 

The  report  contains  the  usual  information  in  regard  to  State  banks, 
which  this  year  is  more  complete  than  ever  before. 


60 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


FOREIGN  COMMERCE. 


The  following  table  exhibits  the  foreign  commerce  of  the  United 
States  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893: 


Imj^orts, 

exports,  cnid  tonnage  movement. 

1892. 

1893. 

Imports: 

$369,402,804 
457,099,658 

$421,856,711 

Free 

444,544,211 

Totnl 

827, 402, 462 

S65, 400, 922 

Gold 

49, 699, 454 
19, 955, 0S6 

21,174,381 
23^193,252 

Exports: 

1,015,732,011 
14,546,137 

831,030,785 
16, 634, 409 

Total 

1, 030, 278, 148 

847, 665, 194 

Gold 

50, 195, 327 
32, 810, 559 

103,680,844 
40  737  319 

Silver 

tons... 

do 

Tonnage:  Entered 

Cleared 

21,013,424 
21,161,033 

19,581,816 
19,700,740 

The  prominent  facts  disclosed  by  these  figures  are  that  the  values  of 
imports  of  merchandise  attained  the  highest  point  in  the  commercial  his- 
tory of  the  country ;  and  that  the  exi3orts  of  gold  reached  a  higher  figure 
than  ever  before  in  a  single  year  since  the  foundation  of  the  Govern- 
ment. In  1864  the  exports  of  gold  amounted  to  $100,061,634,  and  this 
has  been  the  largest  amount  of  such  exports  until  the  last  year.  In  1893 
the  net  exports  of  gold  were  less  than  the  net  exports  in  1864,  being 
$87,506,463  as  compared  with  $89,484,865  in  1864.  The  exports  of  1864 
were  due  to  a  pressure  resulting  from  years  of  war  and  consequent  de- 
rangement of  commerce  and  industry,  and  to  a  general  displacement  of 
gold  and  silver  from  circulation  by  issues  of  bank  and  Government 
paper.  An  outward  movement  of  gold  of  nearly  the  same  amount,  occur- 
ring in  a  time  of  peace  and  api)arently  in  defiance  of  commercial  laws, 
will  make  the  year  1893  memorable  for  this  single  fact  in  its  financial  and 
commercial  experience.  It  is  true  the  country  was  better  able  to  lose 
$87,500,000  in  gold  in  1893  than  it  was  in  1864.  An  import  and  export 
trade  of  $1,714,066,000  is  evidence  of  an  economic  standing  and  capacity, 
immeasurably  superior  to  the  situation  which  prevailed  in  1864,  when  the 
trade  of  the  country  was  $475,285,000,  or  only  about  one-fourth  as  great 
as  in  1893. 

There  are  other  features  worthy  of  mention.  The  imports  as  well  as 
the  exports  of  silver  coin  and  bullion  were  greater  in  amount  than  is 
recorded  in  any  one  year  in  the  history  of  the  country.  In  1873,  which 
will  be  remembered  as  a  year  of  panic  and  important  monetary  legis- 
lation, the  exports  of  silver  reached  $39,751,859 — a  point  that  had  never 
been  attained  in  previous  years,  and  has  never  been  exceeded  or  touched 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.      61 

in  subsequent  years  until  1893,  when  the  exports  were  $40,737,319.  In 
1890  the  imports  of  silver  touched  the  high  level  of  $21,032,984— a  move- 
ment probably  due  to  some  extent  to  the  anticipated  legislation  on  silver. 
In  1893  the  imports  were  $23,193,252,  thus  making  a  new  record  in  the 
imports  of  silver.  The  year  1893  also  exhibited  a  further  decline  in  the 
relative  importance  of  the  American  merchant  marine  in  the  foreign 
carrying  trade  of  the  country.  Low  as  was  the  percentage  of  imports 
and  exports  carried  in  American  vessels  in  1892,  so  low  as  to  give  foun- 
dation to  a  belief  that  no  lower  point  could  be  reached,  there  was  an 
actual  decrease  in  1893,  and  12.2  per  cent  must  be  recorded  as  the  lowest 
point  our  relative  participation  in  this  industry  has  yet  touched. 

A  number  of  circumstances  combine  to  make  the  trade  of  the  year 
1893  an  interesting  study  in  the  general  cour^iC  of  international  com- 
merce. The  previous  two  years  were  conspicuous  on  account  of  the  enor- 
mous grain  crop  gathered  in  1891  in  the  United  States  and  a  partial 
failure  of  the  similar  crop  in  European  countries,  thus  giving  this 
country  a  natural  command  over  European  markets.  The  i)revalence 
of  good  prices  for  these  grain  products  reacted  greatly  in  favor  of  the 
American  farmer.  An  abnormally  large  cotton  crox),  coupled  with  an 
unusually  low  price,  would  seem  to  have  discriminated  against  the  cot- 
ton grower  in  favor  of  the  cotton  manufacturer.  Exports  were  largely 
increased  and  imports  favored,  the  rosult  being  that  the  export  trade 
figures  for  1892  were  larger  than  have  ever  before  been  attained  in  the 
commercial  experience  of  the  country.  The  influence  of  such  an  excep- 
tional year  was  not  confined  to  that  period  alone,  but  made  itself  felt 
in  the  succeeding  year,  with,  however,  constantly  decreasing  effect. 

CUSTOMS  ADMINISTRATION. 

I  concur  in  reports  made  to  me  by  officers  of  this  Dej^artment  that 
under  the  existing  system  of  conducting  the  collection  of  the  revenue 
from  customs  many  unnecessary  i3orts  with  more  or  less  exx)ensive  ma- 
chinery exist. 

A  reference  to  the  statement  contained  in  the  appendix  hereto  of 
the  customs  business  for  the  last  fiscal  year  will,  in  my  opinion,  show 
that  economy  and  good  administration  would  be  promoted  by  confining 
the  customs  business  in  the  interior  to  the  commercial  centers.  Custom- 
houses should  be  maintained  on  the  frontier  and  seaboard,  but  a  proper 
discrimination  in  their  location  should  be  exercised.  The  present  sys- 
tem was  established  many  years  ago  when  imi^ortations  were  by  sail- 
ing vessels  principally,  but  now  that  the  imports  on  the  seaboard  are 
concentrated  at  a  few  ports  there  is  no  apparent  necessity  for  the  con- 
tinuance of  many  of  the  ports  where  business  was  formerly  done,  but  at 
which  there  is  now  but  little  or  no  business  transacted,  as  will  be  seen 
by  the  table  referred  to.  It  is  true  that  section  253  of  the  Eevised  Stat- 
utes authorizes  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  discontinue  any  port  of 


G2       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

delivery  \\liere  the  revenue  received  does  not  amount  to  the  sum  of 
$10,000  per  annum,  but  the  authority  contained  in  this  section  has  been 
heretofore  exercised  in  only  a  few  instances,  for  the  reason  that  it  has 
not  been  considered  safe,  excej>t  in  a  few  places,  to  dispense  entirely 
with  official  supervision  for  the  prevention  of  smuggling  and  other 
ofh'iises  against  the  revenue  laws. 

I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  service  would  be  improved  and  the 
revenue  collected  with  much  less  expense  than  at  i^resent  if  the  law 
should  be  so  amended  as  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to 
reduce  the  number  of  customs  districts  whenever  in  his  opinion  the  in- 
terests of  the  service  demand,  and  authorizing  him  to  station  proper 
ofticers  wherever  the  necessities  of  commerce  may  require,  with  the 
power  to  enter  and  clear  vessels  and  to  i3erlbrm  similar  duties  con- 
nected with  the  navigation  service.  It  is  believed  that  this  would  ma- 
terially diminish  the  expense  of  collecting  the  revenue,  and  at  the  same 
time  secure  as  efhcient  service  as  can  be  had  under  the  existing  system. 
A  provision  recognizing  the  wisdom  of  this  policy,  but  applying  only  to 
internal-revenue  districts,  was  embodied  in  the  bill  making  appropria- 
tions for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses  of  the  Govern- 
ment for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1877,  as  will  be  seen  by  reference  to 
Statutes  at  Large,  Vol.  19,  p.  152. 

I  recommend  the  enactment  qf  a  law  x)rohibiting  any  person  from 
carrying  on  business  as  a  custom-house  broker  or  agent  at  the  custom- 
house of  any  port  of  entry  in  the  United  States  without  a  license  from 
the  collector  or  surveyor  of  the  port,  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury.  Such  license  should  be  granted  for  the  term  of  one  year 
under  such  regulations  as  the  Secretai-y  may  prescribe,  and  should  be 
revokable  for  any  violation  of  the  customs  laws  or  regulations,  but  bona 
fide  clerks  and  private  employes  of  importers  should  be  exempted  from 
the  requirements  of  the  law. 

The  act  of  April  25,  1890,  respecting  the  World's  Columbian  Ex- 
position at  Chicago,  x)laced  the  special  importation  of  merchandise  for 
the  sole  purpose  of  exhibition  at  said  Exposition  "under  such  regula- 
tions as  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury"  might  prescribe.  In  view  of 
the  extraordinary  character  of  the  event  and  of  the  invitation  extended 
by  Congress  to  all  nations  to  participate  in  it,  and  of  the  exemption 
from  duties  and  charges  of  all  merchandise  imported  for  exhibition,  it 
was  considered  proper,  in  conformity  with  the  liberal  intentions  of 
Congress,  to  relieve  such  importations  from  many  of  the  restrictions  and 
formalities  which  are  required  under  the  general  laws.  Special  regula- 
tions were,  therefore,  established  for  securing  expedition  and  security  to 
all  imported  exhibits  and  to  vSimplify  the  proceedings  on  entry  so  as  to 
afford  the  utmost  convenience  and  dispatch.  The  regulations  thus 
established  appear  to  have  been  efficient  for  the  protection  of  the  rev- 
enue and  to  have  given  entire  satisfaction  to  the  importers. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  TREASURY.      63 

Tlie  great  influx  of  foreign  goods  at  the  port  of  Cliicago  entailed  upon 
the  customs  ofiicers  at  that  port  a  vast  amount  of  labor  and  super- 
vision. The  collector  of  the  i^ort,  having  estimated  that  an  increase  of 
his  force  would  be  indispensable,  which,  with  other  incidental  expenses, 
would  call  for  an  additional  outlay  of  $250,000,  my  predecessor  made 
application  to  Congress  for  a  special  appropriation  of  that  amount,  in 
addition  to  the  regular  allowance  ''for  expenses  of  collecting  the  revenue 
from  customs."  Although  the  application  was  not  successful,  I  deemed 
it  my  duty,  in  order  to  protect  the  revenue,  to  appoint  a  suificient  force 
for  the  collector's  assistance.  The  work  of  withdrawing  exhibits  for 
consumj)tion  or  for  transi)ortation  and  exi3ortation  is  now  in  progress, 
and  it  may  be  safely  stated  that  the  income  from  importations  at  the 
Exposition  will  considerably  exceed  the  expense  incurred  for  their  cus- 
toms supervision.  Under  date  of  November  7,  1893,  the  collector  of 
customs  reports:  total  receipts  from  duties  to  October  31,  $178,514.50; 
total  expenditures,  $140,043.80;  excess  of  receipts  over  expenditures, 
$337,870.76.  The  receipts  from  duties  wnll  be  largely  increased  by  the 
removal  of  exhibits,  while  the  expenditures  will  be  gradually  reduced. 

It  is  proper  to  acknowledge  in  this  report  the  efficiency  of  the  customs 
service  at  the  Exx^osition.  The  chief  officer  of  the  port  and  his  assist- 
ants have  shown  praiseworthy  skill  and  fidelity  in  the  discharge  of  their 
difficult  duties. 

Exxyenses  of  collecting  the  revenue  from  customs. 

The  act  of  March  3,  1871,  provides  an  annual  approi^riatiou  for  col- 
lecting the  revenue  from  customs  of  $5,500,000  "in  additional  to  such 
sums  as  maybe  received  from  fines,  penalties,  and  forfeitures  connected 
with  the  customs,  and  from  fees  paid  into  the  Treasury  by  customs 
officers,  and  from  storage,  cartage,  drayage,  labor,  and  service;^." 

For  the  fiscal  year  1871  these  fines,  penalties,  forfeitures,  etc., 
amounted  to  $1,948,055.24.  By  the  abolishment  of  many  of  the  fees 
since  that  date  these  miscellaneous  receipts  have  greatly  diminished, 
and  for  the  last  fiscal  year  they  only  amounted  to  $747,307.98.  It  will 
thus  be  seen  that  the  regular  ax)proi)riation  for  collecting  the  customs 
revenue  for  the  last  fiscal  year  was  $1,200,747.26  less  than  the  sum 
available  for  the  fiscal  year  1871,  and  a  deficiency  appropriation  of 
$500,000  was  made  to  meet  the  expenses  of  the  past  year. 

Since  the  act  of  March  3,  1871,  was  passed  the  customs  business  has 
largely  increased,  not  only  by  the  growth  of  business  at  the  principal 
ports  but  by  the  establishment  of  new  ports  and  customs  districts.  The 
sum  available  for  collecting  the  revenue  from  customs  is  always  uncer- 
tain, and  is  insufficient  to  cover  the  absolute  needs  of  the  service.  The 
Department  is,  therefore,  very  frequently  compelled  to  refuse  expen- 
ditures necessary  to  insure  the  proper  enforcement  of  the  revenue  laAvs. 
I  therefore  recommend  that  at  least  seven  millions  be  appropriated 
annually  for  this  purpose,  and  that  the  miscellaneous  receipts  now 
credited  to  this  ajipropriation  bo  covered  into  the  Treasury. 


64 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


INTERNAL   REVENUE. 


The  receipts  from  the  several  objects  of  taxation  nuder  the  internal- 
revenue  laws  for  the  fiscal  years  ended  June  30,  1892  and  1893,  are  as 
follows: 


Objects  of  taxation. 


Distilled  spirits 

Manufaotiiiod  tobacco 

Fermented  liquors 

Oleomargarine 

Miscellaneous  collections . 


Total . 


Fiscal  year  ended  June  30 — 


1892. 


$91,309,983.65 

31,000,493.07 

30, 037, 4.52. 77 

1, 200, 326. 00 

213, 288. 86 


153, 8.57, 544. 35 


1893. 


S94, 720, 200. 55 

31,889,711.74 

32,548,983.07 

1, 670, 643. 50 

175,390.81 


161,004,989.67 


Increase. 


83,410,276.90 

889,218.07 

2,511,530.30 

404,317.50 


Decrease. 


S«7, 898. 05 


7,117,445.32 


The  receipts  from  all  sources  of  interual  revcuue  for  the  fiscal  year 
eudiug  June  30,  1893,  were §161,  004,  989.  67 

The  receipts  from  the  same  sources  for  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1892, 
Tvere 153,857,544.35 

ilaking  an  increase  in  the  receipts  for  the  fiscal  year  just  ended  of.       7, 147,  445.  32 


The  total  cost  of  collection  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  -was.. 
The  total  cost  of  collection  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1892,  "svas.. 

Decreased  cost  of  collections  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893, 
was 


4,  219,  769.  69 
4,  315,  040.  26 


95,  276.  57 


The  anioiiuts  herein  stated  are  the  receipts  actually  collected  during 
the  fiscal  years  mentioned,  hut  in  many  cases  the  money  collected  on 
the  last  day  of  June  is  not  deposited  until  the  first  day  of  July,  thus 
causing  a  discrepancy  between  the  collections  and  deposits. 

A  detailed  statement  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  will  be  found 
in  the  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Eevenue. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  receipts  from  all  sources  of  internal  revenue 
for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1894,  will  aggregate  $150,000,000. 

The  percentage  of  cost  of  collection  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 
1893,  was  2.62  per  cent,  as  against  2.80  x)er  cent  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30,  1892. 

The  total  production  of  distilled  spirits,  exclusive  of  fruit  brandies, 
for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  was  128,651,782  taxable  gallons; 
the  total  production  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1892,  was 
114,709,041  gallons,  making  an  increase  in  the  i)rod action  of  distilled 
spirits  for  the  fiscal  year  just  ended  of  13,882,741  gallons. 

There  were  also  produced  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 
1893,  601,869  gallons  of  apple  brandy,  57,589  gallons  of  peach  brandy, 
and  1,699,090  gallons  of  grape  brandy,  making  a  total  j) reduction  of 
2,358,548  gallons  of  brandy  from  fruits  during  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30,  1893.  A  further  comparison  of  the  two  fiscal  years  shows  a 
decrease  of  708,568  gallons  in  the  production  of  ajiple  brandy,  a  de- 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  65 

crease  of  41,809  gallons  in  the  production  of  iDeach  brandy,  and  a 
decrease  of  558,540  gallons  of  grape  brandy  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30,  1893,  an  aggregate  decrease  of  1,308,917  gallons  of  brandy 
produced  from  fruits  as  comi^ared  with  the  x)revious  fiscal  year. 

The  quantity  of  distilled  spirits  gauged  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June 
30,  1893,  was  311,821,533  gallons;  the  quantity  gauged  for  the  fiscal 
year  ended  June  30,  1892,  was  352,728,202  gallons,  making  a  decrease 
in  the  quantity  of  spirits  gauged  for  the  fiscal  year  just  ended  of 
40,906,669  gallons. 

During  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  4, 745  distilleries  of  all 
kinds  were  operated;  for  the  i:)receding  fiscal  year  5,925  distilleries 
of  all  kinds  were  operated,  a  comparison  showing  a  decrease  of  1,180 
in  the  number  of  distilleries  operated  for  the  fiscal  year  just  ended. 

During  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  there  were  produced 
34,591,179  barrels  of  beer;  the  number  of  barrels  produced  during  the 
fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1892,  was  31,856,626,  making  an  increased 
production  for  the  fiscal  year  just  ended  of  2,734,553  barrels. 

For  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  the  total  receipts  from  the 
taxes  on  tobacco,  cigars,  cigarettes,  snuff,  etc. ,  were  §31,889, 711. 74.  The 
receipts  from  the  same  sources  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1892, 
were  $31,000,493.07,  showing  an  increase  of  $889,218.67  for  the  fiscal 
year  ended  June  30,  1893. 

Sugar  hounty. 

Total  bounty  paid  upon  sugar  produced  in  the  United  states  for  the 
fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  was  $9,375,130.88  ;  the  bounty  paid 
upon  sugar  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1892,  was  $7,342,077.79, 
making  an  increase  of  $2,033,053.09  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 
1893. 

Ex2)enscs  relating  exclusively  to  the  payment  of  the  ooiinty  on  svgar  for  the  fiscal  year 

ended  June  30,  1893. 

Additional  deputies,  clerks,  and  employes §97,  890.  33 

Laboratory  supplies,  etc 1,  265.  01 

Sugar  inspectors 30,260.93 

Salaries  of  clerks,  etc. ,  in  the  office  of  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue. ...  9, 170.  00 

Total 138,586.27 

The  expenses  for  the  same  purpose  in  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 
1892,  were  $147,831.61,  making  a  decrease  of  $9,245.34  for  the  fiscal 
year  ended  June  30,  1893. 

I. respectfully  call  attention  to  the  various  recommendations  contained 
in  the  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue,  and  ask  their 
favorable  consideration  by  Congress. 
Ab.  93 5 


G6  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

EXGRAYIXG  AND  PRIXTIXG. 

One  of  the  most  pressing  needs  of  this  Bureau  is  additional  room  for 
the  performance  of  its  work,  Avhich  has  increased  enormously  since  the 
original  building  in  which  it  is  located  was  designed  in  1878.  In  that 
year  the  total  number  of  sheets  produced  was  13,098,756,  while  in  1893 
the  number  produced  was  48,853,528,  or  an  increase  very  nearly  fourfold. 
IMany  of  the  employes  required  to  execute  this  very  large  increase  have 
been  obliged  to  work  in  the  cellar  and  other  unsuitable  places,  and  they 
have  been  greatly  overcrowded  in  other  parts  of  the  building.  I  am 
informed  that  this  has  resulted  in  a  condition  of  affairs  that  would  not 
be  tolerated  in  manufacturing  establishments  by  many  of  tlie  States. 
The  best  woik  can  not  reasonably  be  expected,  from  sucli  conditions. 
The  remedy  is  for  Congress  to  provide  for  the  comi)letion  of  the  out- 
building of  the  Bureau,  in  which  many  of  the  processes  now  carried  on 
in  the  main  building  can  be  conducted,  and  for  an  enlargement  of  the 
central  projection  of  the  building,  jjlans  for  both  of  which  have  been 
prepared  and  estimates  of  the  cost  of  which  will  be  submitted  to  Con- 
gi-ess.  The  comi^letion  of  the  outbuilding  would  also  i)rovidc  for  tlie 
proper  accommodation  of  branches  of  the  v.'ork  that  are  now  performed 
in  teini^orarj'  wooden  sheds,  and  for  the  storage  of  valuable  material.  I 
earnestly  ui'gc  upon  Congress  the  appropriation  of  the  nece.-'^-ary  money 
for  this  work. 

At  present  this  Bureau  executes  all  of  the  work  of  engraving  and 
printing  required  by  the  Treasur^^  Department  and  much  of  that  re- 
quired by  the  other  Departments  of  the  Government.  The  most  consid- 
erable work  of  this  kind  now  executed  outside  of  the  Bureau  is  the 
postage  stamps  and  postal  notes  required  by  the  Post-OiFice  Depart- 
ineut.  It  might  be  well  for  Ck)ngress  to  consider  the  advisability  of 
having  tiiis  iDortiou  of  the  work  of  the  Government  also  executed  by 
this  Bureau,  as  it  has  all  the  facilities  for  executing  it  and  would  afford 
l^erfect  secuilty  to  the  Government.  It  would  seem  to  present  an  anom- 
alous condition  of  affairs  for  the  Government  to  maintain  a  large  estab- 
lishment for  the  execution  of  this  character  of  work,  and  yet  have  a  part 
of  it  done  in  private  establishments. 

IMMIGPvATION. 

The  Superintendent  of  Immigration  rei^oi-ts  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30,  1893,  the  arrival  of  110,793  immigrants,  of  whom  439,730  were 
permitted  to  land,  1,063  were  debarred  according  to  law,  and  577  were 
returned  to  the  countries  whence  they  came,  having  become  public 
charges  within  one  year  after  arrival.  As  compared  with  the  jore- 
ceding  fiscal  year  there  were  141,034  less  arrivals,  due  in  the  maiir  to 
the  prevalence  in  the  summer  and  autumn  of  1892  of  cholera.  A  rigid 
cuiarautine  and  long  detention  of  vessels  caused  many  stcamshi})  com- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.      67 

i:)anies  to  refuse  thereafter  to  embark  passengers.  Tlie  spriug  of  1893 
opened,  however,  vvith  an  augmented  tide  of  immigration.  Many  who 
had  been  deterred  from  coming  during  the  cholera  period,  together 
with  others  who  were  anxious  to  arrive  before  the  restrictive  measures 
of  the  act  of  March  3,  1893,  went  into  effect  came  early  in  order  to  avoid 
the  laaore  thorough  and  rigid  scrutiny  authorized  by  that  act. 

Tiie  act  of  March  3,  1893,  which  went  into  effect  May  12  last,  has 
increased  the  efficiency  of  the  service  by  providing  a  more  systematic 
and  careful  examination  of  immigrants.  Transi)oriation  lines  have 
readily  conformed  to  the  new  requirements,  and  have  rendered  valu- 
able assistance  in  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  the  law.  The 
requirements  of  iusijectiou  x^revious  to  embarkation,  and  the  com- 
l)ulsory  listing  of  immigrants  upon  manifests,  to  be  verified  under  oath 
by  the  captain  of  the  vessel,  or  second  in  command,  and  the  surgeon, 
before  a  consular  agent  of  the  United  States,  prior  to  departure,  stating 
that  they  have  made  a  personal  examination,  and  that  to  the  best  of 
their  knowledge  and  belief  all  on  board  their  ship  will  be  entitled  to 
land,  have  contributed  much  to  the  betterment  of  the  service.  Steam- 
sjiip  lines  have,  in  order  to  avoid  carrying  persons  likely  to  be  debarred 
and  retiu'ned  at  their  expense,  exercised  a  wholesome  disci^tion  in  the 
sale  of  tickets  to  intending  emigrants.  In  this  way  great  numbers  of 
tljo  undesirable  classes  have  abandoned  their  purpose  to  come  or  iiavc 
been  refused  i)assage. 

By  a  comx)arison  of  those  now  arriving  with  those  who  came  in  former 
years,  the  remedial  effect  of  2-ecent  legislation  becomes  aj)parent.  Few 
now  are  rejected  as  likely  to  become  i^aupers.  Only  three  persons  were 
admitted  on  bonds  as  against  2,135  in  the  year  1891-'92,  and  the  system 
of  inspection  is  so  faithfully  conducted  that  if  for  want  of  proper  exam- 
inatiou  abroad  an  idiot  or  insane  person,  paui^er,  or  one  likely  to  become 
a  public  charge,  or  one  suffering  from  a  loathsome  or  dangerous  con- 
tagious disease,  succeeds  in  embarking,  almost  certain  detection  av\'aits 
him  here,  and  he  is  deijorted  at  the  exx^ense  of  the  steamship  company 
briugijjg  him  over. 

Xunierous  complaints  have  been  received  from  labor  organizations  pro- 
testing against  Canadians  coming  into  the  United  States  day  after  day 
and  retuiming  each  night  to  their  homes,  thereby  taking  advantage  oi 
the  liigher  wages  paid  here  and  availing  themselves  of  the  low  prices 
of  living  in  Canada,  thus  enabling  them  to  underbid  our  v^orkmen  in 
the  home  market  and  deimving  American  citizens  of  work. 

A  careful  and  economic  use  of  the  "Immigrant  fund"  has  increased 
it  from  about  $25,000,  April  1,  to  $111,522.11,  July  1,  1893;  and  the 
many  salutary  reforms  introduced  at  the  Ellis  Island  station,  and  others 
Mliicli  are  being  perfected,  give  promise  of  a  successful  administration 
of  the  local  affairs  of  immigration  at  the  port  of  IsTew  York.  The  sale 
of  privileges  at  Ellis  Island  alone,  as  provided  in  the  act  of  March  3, 
1893,  has  increased  the  revenues  by  $18,810. 


68      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Alieji  contract-labor  law. 

The  number  of  inspectors  employed  under  this  law  during  the  fiscal 
year  varied  from  30  to  35,  and  518  immigrants  who  were  discovered  to 
have  entered  into  contracts  in  a  foreign  country  to  perform  labor  within 
the  United  States  were  deported,  and  many  suits  instituted  against 
those  seeking  to  employ  tliem  to  recover  the  penalties  prescribed  by 
the  statute.  I  recommend,  as  suggested  by  the  Superintendent  of  Im- 
migration in  his  report  to  the  Department,  that  Congress  will  at  an 
early  date  carefully  revise  and  reenact  the  laws  upon  the  subject,  making 
them  more  certain,  explicit,  and  comprehensive,  and  giving  additional 
remedies  to  insure  the  enforcement  thereof. 

CJdnese  exclusion. 

Much  difficulty  has  been  experienced  by  officers  charged  with  the 
duty  of  assisting  in  the  enforcement  of  the  Chinese  exclusion  laws  by 
reason  of  certain  i)ractices  resorted  to  by  Chinese  persons  of  the  cooly 
class. 

Our  laws  require  all  Chinese  of  the  exempt  class,  as  a  condition-prece- 
dent to  landing,  to  submit  to  collectors  of  customs  at  the  ports  of  first 
arrival  certificates  from  the  Chinese  Government,  or  from  such  other 
Government  as  they  may  be  citizens  or  subjects  of,  setting  forth  cer- 
tain si^ecified  facts.  The  minister  of  China  at  this  capital  has  noti- 
fied our  Government  that  consuls  of  China  stationed  in  other  coun- 
tries have  been  authorized  to  issue  certificates  of  the  character  referred 
to.  Most,  if  not  all,  of  the  certificates  thus  far  presented  by  Chinese 
seeking  admission  here  have  been  issued  by  the  Chinese  consul  at  Ha- 
vana. By  permission  of  our  Government  Chinese  laborers  claiming  to 
be  destined  for  Havana,  and  who  arrive  at  San  Francisco,  are  permitted 
to  pass  through  our  territory  en  route.  It  has  been  ascertained  that  many 
such  laborers  subsequently  claim  and  obtain  admission  to  the  United 
States  as  merchants,  and  in  support  of  such  claim  they  present  certifi- 
cates issued  by  the  Chinese  consul  at  Havana  and  vis^d  by  the  United 
States  consul  at  that  place. 

It  is  not,  of  course,  sui^posed  that  the  Chinese  or  the  American  con- 
suls intentionally  aid  in  the  violation  of  our  laws,  but  there  can  be  no 
doubt  that  many  laborers  have  been  admitted  on  merchants'  certificates, 
obtained  throngli  misrei^resentation  and,  iDrobably,  the  corrupt  use 
of  money.  Once  landed,  our  officers  have  found  it  difficult  and  fre- 
quently impossible  to  secure  the  conviction  and  deportation  of  the 
holders  of  such  fraudulent  certificates,  and  I  am  of  opinion  that  so  long 
as  our  laws  i^rohibit  the  landing  of  Chinese  laborers,  the  i)rivilege  of 
passing  through  our  territory  can  not  be  safely  granted,  and  it  should  afc 
once  be  revoked.  If  this  privilege  is  continued,  it  will  be  impossible  to 
secure  an  efficient  execution  of  the  laws  passed  by  Congress  for  the  ex- 
clusion of  Chinese  laborers. 


EEPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  69 

By  tlie  terms  of  a  joint  resolution  of  Congress  approved  August  5, 
1892,  tlie  lavs  prohibiting  the  coming  of  Chinese  persons  into  the  United 
States  were  ijractically  suspended  so  far  as  to  liermit  exhibitors  at  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition  "and  their  emj^loyds  to  enter  the  United 
States  without  other  requirement  than  evidence  that  they  were  bona  fide 
exhibitors  or  employes  whose  services  were  required  by  exhibitors  at 
the  Exposition.  Under  this  authority  nearly  500  Chinese  persons,  rep- 
resented to  be  actors  andemi)loyes  of  firms  holding  concessions  from  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition,  were  admitted  at  San  Francisco.  No 
provision  was  made  in  the  law  for  the  return  of  these  persons,  who  are 
entitled  to  remain  one  year  after  the  close  of  the  Exposition.  From 
inquiries  made  by  officers  of  this  Department  it  appears  that  a  major- 
ity of  the  Chinese  persons  so  admitted  have  not  attended  as  exhib- 
itors or  employes  at  the  World's  Fair,  and  those  who  did  so  attend 
have  been  discharged  by  the  exhibiting  company  which  brought  them 
here,  and  the  present  whereabouts  of  all  of  them  are  unknown.  Many 
if  not  all  of  the  Chinese  so  admitted  will  remain  in  the  United  States, 
and  it  will  be  very  difficult  and  j^robably  impossible  to  identify  them 
as  persons  unlawfully  within  the  country. 

The  act  approved  September  1,  1893,  relating  to  the  California  Mid- 
winter International  Exposition,  specifically  extends  to  that  Exposition 
the  provisions  of  the  resolution  above  referred  to  relating  to  Chinese,  and 
it  follows,  therefore,  that  there  is  great  danger  of  the  introduction  of 
numbers  of  Chinese  laborers  under  the  guise  of  actors,  exhibitors,  etc. 
It  is  therefore  suggested  that  supplementary  legislation  is  required  under 
which  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may  exact  bonds  from  the  persons 
holding  concessions  providing  for  the  return  of  Chinese  admitted  as 
l^articipants  in  the  Exposition. 

THE  MAEINE-HOSPITAL  SERVICE. 

The  report  of  the  Supervising  Surgeon-General  of  the  Marine-Hospital 
Service  shows  that  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  the  total 
number  of  cases  treated  was  53,317,  of  which  number  14,857  were  treated 
in  hospital,  the  remainder  being  office  or  dispensary  patients.  There 
were  1,353  pilots  examined  for  color  blindness,  of  which  number  48 
were  rejected.  One  thousand  and  ninety-five  surfmen  and  keepers  of 
the  Life  Saving  Service  were  examined,  of  which  number  41  were  re- 
jected for  physical  causes.  Two  hundred  and  seventy-nine  seamen  of 
the  merchant  marine  were  examined  before  shipment  as  to  their  physical 
fitness,  and  22  were  rejected. 

The  balance  of  funds  available  at  the  commencement  of  the  fiscal  year 
was  $139,199.34,  and  the  receipts  from  all  sources  during  the  year  (ton- 
nage tax  and  repayments  for  care  and  treatment  of  foreign  seamen), 
were  $554,200.80.  The  expenditures  were  $586,238.02,  leaving  a  bal- 
ance on  hand  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  of  $107,162.18.  The  balance 
of  the  appropriation  for  the  prevention  of  epidemic  diseases,  available 
June  30,  1893,  was  $925,965.45. 


70      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Th€  Surgeon -General  reports  that  tlie  marine  hospital  at  Port  Town- 
f^ond  was  destroyed  bj'  fire  September  9,  1893,  without  the  loss  of  life. 
The  building  was  of  little  value,  and  will  be  rei)laced  by  a  new  one,  foi 
which  appropriation. was  made  by  tli«  last  Congress,  and  for  which 
plans  have  been  prepared.  The  other  eighteen  hospitals  of  the  service 
arc  rei)ortcd  as  being  in  good  condition. 

Following  the  threatened  inroad  of  cholera  into  the  United  States 
during  the  summer  and  fall  of  1892,  and  in  view  of  the  certain  revi\cil 
with  increased  severity  of  cholera  in  Europe  in  the  following  spring  and 
summer,  Congress  enacted  the  law  entitled  "An  act  granting  additional 
quarantine  powers,  and  imposing  additional  duties,  upon  the  Marine- 
Hospital  Service, ' '  approved  February  15, 1893.  In  accordance  with  the 
terms  of  this  act  quarantine  rules  and  regulations  were  made  and  i)romul- 
gated  both  with  regard  to  foreign  and  domestic  ports,  and  for  the  pur- 
pose of  enforcing  the  Treasury  Eegulations  abroad,  medical  officers  of  the 
Marine-Hospital  Service  were  detailed  to  serve  in  the  ports  of  London, 
Liverpool,  Southampton,  Glasgow,  Hamburg,  Bremen,  Antwerj),  Havre, 
Marseilles,  Genoa,  and  ISTaples.  Great  care  was  exercised  in  enforcing 
these  regulations  to  interfere  as  little  as  possible  with  commerce,  and  a 
distinct  benetit  to  commerce  was  demonstrated  by  the  decrease  in  the 
number  of  days  of  detention  imposed  on  vessels  on  arrival  at  American 
ports.  As  anticipated,  cholera  became  widespread  throughout  Europe 
during  the  summer  and  fall  just  past,  the  disease  aijpeariug  at  nearly 
all  the  continental  ports  where  officers  were  stationed,  assuming  in  sev- 
eral, namely,  Kaples,  Leghorn,  and  Antwerp,  the  proportions  of  an 
epidemic,  besides  prevailing  in  epidemic  form  in  the  interior  of  Eussia, 
Austria,  Italy,  and  France. 

It  is  believed  that  never  before  was  this  disease  i)revalent  at  one  time 
in  so  many  different  localities  throughout  Europe,  and  the  danger  of  its 
conveyance  to  the  United  States  was  much  greater  than  if  it  had  been 
limited  to  a  few  ports,  even  though  it  had  raged  in  the  latter  in  more 
violently  epidemic  form.  To  the  care  exercised  by  the  medical  officers 
attached  to  the  various  consulates  and  by  the  consular  service  abroad 
may  be  i)roperly  ascribed  the  almost  total  exclusion  of  cholera  from  the 
shores  of  the  Unitod  States. 

The  rules  for  the  government  of  domestic  quarantine  include  a  gen- 
eral supervision  of  the  local  quarantines  by  the  Marine- Hospital  Service, 
and  in  couformity  therewith  inspections  have  been  made  from  time  to 
time  of  the  various  State  and  local  quarantines,  and  at  one  port,  namely, 
Brunswick,  Ga.,  where  it  was  found  that  the  regulations  made  by  the 
Treasury  Department  were  not  being  fully  complied  with  in  accord- 
ance with  the  act  of  Congress,  an  officer  of  the  Marine- Hospital 
Service  was  detailed  by  the  President  to  assume  charge  of  the  quaran- 
tine. At  the  quarantine  for  tho  port  of  Xew  York  an  inspector  of  the 
Marine-Hospital  Service  has  been  detailed  to  observe  the  enforcement 
of  the  regulations  of  the  Treasury  Bepailment,  his  services  also  being 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  71 

valuable  in  observiug,  tlirongli  exauiiDatioii  of  the  bills  of  bealtb,  and 
otlicr  ship's  papers,  Ibe  ebaracter  of  the  work  performed  by  the  medi- 
cal officers  detailed  iu  foreign  ports. 

The  qnarautiue  service  of  the  Marine-Hospital  Bureau  during  the 
l)ast  season  has  included  the  preparation  and  enforcement  of  the 
regulations  to  be  observed  at  foreign  ports,  the  regulations  to  be  ob- 
served by  ships  at  sea,  the  regulations  to  be  observed  by  State  and  local 
quarantines  of  the  United  States,  and  the  conduct  of  the  nine  national 
quarantine  stations,  extending  from  Sandy  Hook,  on  the  Atlantic 
coast,  to  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  on  the  Pacific.  These  stations 
within  the  past  year  have  been  perfected  and  jjlaced  in  a  condition  of 
great  efficiency.  At  Camj)  Low,  Sandy  Hook,  N.  J.,  the  station  has  been 
fitted  ux)  with  comj)lete  steam  disinfecting  apparatus,  bathhouses,  and 
all  necessary  ai:>pliances  for  the  pro]Der  care  of  a  thousand  immigrants 
held  under  suspicion.  Tlie  station  at  Delaware  Breakwater,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Delaware  Bay,  has  been  i^laced  in  like  condition,  and  at 
the  junction  of  the  Delaware  Bay  and  River  a  pier  has  been  erected,  to 
which  the  largest  vessels  may  be  moored  for  disinfection,  which  can 
not  bo  done  at  the  Breakwater  on  account  of  its  exi)osed  situation. 
On  this  pier,  at  Eeedy  Island,  have  been  placed  the  most  modern 
steam  disinfecting  chambers,  sulphur  blast  furnace,  tanks  for  disinfect- 
ing solutions,  composing  a  complete  plant  for  the  rapid  and  thorough 
disinfection  of  an  infected  vessel.  With  this  plant  at  Eeedy  Island  and 
the  accommodation  for  immigrants  near  the  Delaware  Breakwater,  an 
efficient  quarantine  guard  has  been  established  for  the  city  of  Phila- 
delphia and  the  other  cities  on  the  Delaware  Eiver  and  Bay.  The 
remaining  quarantines  are  at  the  entrance  of  the  Chesapeake  Bay;  at 
Blackbeard  Island,  off  the  coast  of  Georgia ;  at  the  Dry  Tortugas,  off 
the  coast  of  Florida ;  Chandeleur  Islands,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  San 
Diego,  Cal.;  Angel  Island,  San  Francisco,  Cal.;  and  Port  Townsend, 
Wash.  The  quarantine  station  at  Brunswick,  Ga.,  formerly  a  local 
quarantine,  will  require  a  new  location.  The  quarantine  station  at 
Chandeleur  Islands,  iuthe  Gulf  of  Mexico,  was  destroyed  by  storm  Octo- 
ber 3,  1893.  This  station  from  its  inception  has  been  of  invaluable 
aid  to  commerce  and  to  the  cities  on  the  Gulf  coast.  Its  reestablish- 
ment  at  some  new  site  is  earnestly  recommended. 

To  protect  the  United  States  from  the  invasion  of  cholera  through 
Canada,  the  Canadian  quarantine  authorities,  through  the  solicitation  of 
the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Marine -Hospital  Service,  agreed,  with  the 
acquiescence  of  their  government,  to  disinfect  the  baggage  of  all  immi- 
grants at  Quebec,  and  to  permit  the  presence  of  two  medical  officers  of 
tlie  Marine-Hospital  Service  to  certify  to  such  disinfection  for  the  benefit 
of  the  State  and  local  quarantine  officers  in  the  several  States  to  which 
the  immigrants  might  pass  from  Canada,  This  disinfection  has  been 
faithfully  carried  on  during  the  whole  season,  and  has  added  no  little  to 
the  security  of  the  United  States. 


72      KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

On  June  27  it  was  reported  there  Lad  been  a  case  of  yellow  fever  at 
Conquest' s  Camp  on  the  Satilla  River.  An  officer  of  the  Marine  Hospital 
Service  was  immediately  sent  to  this  point,  and  took  the  most  thorough 
and  successful  measures  for  preventing  any  further  outbreak  of  the  fe^er. 
It  was  ascertained  that  this  patient  had,  previous  to  going  to  Conquest's 
Camj),  taken  his  vessel,  the  A^iiia  Bericind,  to  Brunswick,  and  an  inves- 
tigation showed  that  the  quarantine  regulations  of  the  Dei^artment  were 
only  in  part  being  enforced  at  the  Brunswick  quarantine.  Accordingly, 
as  before  stated,  the  Government  assumed  charge  of  this  quarantine  and 
assigned  a  medical  officer  in  charge.  This  officer  himself  contracted  the 
yellow  fever,  as  now  believed,  in  Brunswick,  for  during  his  short  period 
of  service  at  the  quarantine  station  he  inspected  no  infected  vessel  and 
was  exposed  to  no  case  of  yellow  fever.  Moreover,  investigation  has 
proved  that  the  city  was  probably  infected  before  his  detail.  Other 
cases  develor)ed  at  points  unconnected  with  the  first  case  or  with  each 
other.  Thorough  disinfection,  not  only  of  the  rooms  and  houses  where 
the  first  cases  appeared,  but  of  suspected  areas,  was  carried  on,  but  with- 
out avail,  and  subsequent  events  have  shown  that  the  city  was  infected 
in  a  number  of  independent  places.  Sanitary  cordons  were  established 
by  the  Marine- Hospital  Service,  and  a  detention  canij)  provided  for  the 
benefit  of  those  desiring  to  leave  the  infected  territory.  There  was  no 
develoi^ment  of  the  disease  outside  of  the  sanitary  cordons.  During  the 
period  of  the  epidemic  in  Brunswick,  to  I^ovember  23,  1893,  at  which 
date  it  was  practically  extinct,  there  were  1,001  cases  and  53  deaths. 
Eules,  to  be  observed  for  preventing  the  spread  of  the  disease  from  one 
section  of  the  country  to  another,  have  been  promulgated  by  this  Depart- 
ment. 

On  August  29  a  case  of  cholera  M'as  reported  in  Jersey  City,  and 
immediately  the  Government  assumed  a  supervisory  charge  over  the 
l^reventive  measures  to  prevent  the  spread  of  the  disease.  The  origin 
of  this  case  has  not  been  officially  determined,  but  there  were  no  subse- 
quent cases. 

Belief  for  the  sea  islands  of  Soidh  Carolina. 

After  the  violent  storm  of  August  27,  the  attention  of  the  Depart- 
ment was  called  to  the  unsanitary  condition  of  the  sea  islands  off  the 
coast  of  South  Carolina,  by  reason  of  the  unburied  bodies  of  men  and 
animals,  the  pollution  of  the  wells  and  obstruction  of  the  drains  caused 
by  this  storm,  and  a  direct  appeal  was  made  for  assistance.  On 
approval  of  the  President  a  limited  amount  was  set  aside  from  the  epi- 
demic fund  for  carrying  out  measures  necessary  to  prevent  the  out- 
break and  spread  of  ei^idemic  disease,  and  an  officer  of  the  Marine-Hos- 
pital Service  was  detailed  to  visit  the  stricken  islands,  suiDcrintend 
the  clearing  of  the  wells,  the  burying  of  dead  animals,  and  treatment  of 
the  sick.  This  work,  purely  of  a  sanitary  nature,  is  to  be  supplemented 
by  the  efforts  of  the  Eed  Cross  Society  in  relieving  the  physical  necessi- 
ties of  the  people. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.      73 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  the  Marine-Hosx)ital  Service,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  law,  has  published  each  week  an  Abstract  of  Sanitary- 
Reports,  both  from  its  medical  officers  abroad  and  from  the  United 
States  consuls,  and  also  information  concerning  the  health  of  the  various 
parts  of  the  United  States ;  these  abstracts  being  sent  j)rincipally  to  the 
leading  sanitarians  and  health  officers  of  the  United  States  and  others 
interested  in  this  subject. 

REVENUE  CUTTER  SERVICE. 

The  performance  of  the  regular  duties  of  this  service  has  continued 
in  a  faithfnl  and  efficient  manner.  Thirty-four  vessels  have  been  in 
commission,  carrying  a  comj)lement  of  222  officers  and  762  men. 

The  following  is  a  statistical  statement  of  the  duties  jDerformed  : 

Aggregate  number  of  miles  cruised  by  vessels  of  the  service 305,  807 

Number  of  merchant  vessels  boarded  and  examined 30,  502 

Number  of  merchant  vessels  found  violating  the  law  in  some  particular 

and  seized  or  reported  to  proper  authorities 675 

Fines  or  penalties  of  vessels  so  seized  or  reported $160,  814. 10 

Number  of  vessels  in  distress  assisted '     119 

Value  of  vessels  and  their  cargoes  imperiled  by  the  sea  thus  assisted §2,  838,  250 

Number  of  i^ersons  on  board  vessels  assisted 945 

Number  of  jpersons  taken  out  of  the  water  and  saved  from  drowning 29 

The  expense  of  conducting  the  service  has  been  $920,342.89,  of  which 
sum  821,941.81  were  used  in  enforcing  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  Con- 
gress ax^proved  May  16,  1888,  regulating  the  anchorage  of  vessels  in 
the  bay  and  harbor  of  New  York. 

One  new  vessel  of  the  third-class  (steamer  Hudson)  has  been  comiDleted 
during  the  year,  i^laced  in  commission,  and  assigned  to  duty  at  the  port 
of  'New  York,  and  one  vessel  of  the  third  class,  the  Tench  Coxe,  has  been 
examined  and  found  not  worth  repairing,  and  is  recommended  to  be  sold. 

Neio  vessels. 

A  number  of  new  vessels  are  urgently  needed  for  the  XJroiDcr  main- 
tenance of  this  service,  viz  :  One  cruising  cutter  of  the  first  class  on  the 
Nev/  England  coast,  two  on  the  Great  Lakes,  two  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and 
a  small  steam  vessel  for  boarding  purposes  at  San  Francisco  ;  and  the 
necessity  for  these  new  vessels  is  annually  increasing.  Many  of  the 
vessels  are  old  and  nearly  worn  out,  the  expense  of  keeping  them  in 
repair  increases  with  their  age,  and  the  duties  required  of  them  con- 
stantly increasing  can  not  be  as  efficiently  performed  as  with  abler 
vessels. 

The  command  of  the  fleet,  composed  of  four  vessels  of  the  K"avy,  viz, 
Mohican,  Petrel,  JRanger,  and  Albatross,  and  revenue  steamers  Bnsh, 
Corioin,  and  Bear,  designated  by  the  President  for  patroling  the  Bering 
Sea  and  waters  of  Alaska  Territory  for  the  protection  of  the  Seal  Islands 
and  the  enforcement  of  the  provisions  of  the  modus  vivendi  with  Great 


74      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Britain,  devolved  upon  Commander  Nicoll  LudloNv,  U.  S.  Navy.  That 
duty  has  been  efficiently  performed,  and  no  vessels  are  reported  as 
having  entered  or  attempted  to  enter  the  Bering  Sea  in  violation  of  the 
provisions  of  the  convention. 

From  IMnrch  20  to  April  18  tlie  revenue  steamer  Rush,  Capt.  C.  L. 
Hooper,  commanding,  was  engaged  in  making  a  special  cruise  to  Hono- 
lulu, Sandwich  Islands,  in  the  interest  of  the  Department  of  State,  for 
the  x")nrpose  of  conveying  Special  Commissioner  Blount  and  party  to 
those  islands.  This  cruise,  covering  a  distance  of  5.155  miles,  was 
successfully  accomplished.  IJx)on  her  return  to  San  Francisco,  April 
18,  she  was  assigned  to  duty  with  the  Bering  Sea  fleet. 

On  Jnlj"  2,  a  short  distance  north  of  Chirikoff  Island,  Alaska,  the 
commanding  ofticer  of  the  Bush  seized  the  American  schooners  St.  Paul 
and  Alexander  for  violation  of  section  195t>,  Revised  Statutes,  and  deliv- 
ered them  into  the  custody  of  the  United  States  district  court  at  Sitka 
for  trial.  On  September  28  the  Ilmh  returned  to  San  Francisco,  having 
cruised  12,611  miles  on  patrol  duty  in  Bering  Sea. 

"  Coricin.^' 

Tlie  steamer  Concin,  Capt.  F.  M.  Munger,  commanding,  was  assigned 
to  duty  with  the  Bering  Sea  fleet  April  22,  and  was  thus  engaged  until 
October  3,  when  she  returned  to  San  Francisco,  having  crnised  a  dis- 
tance of  10,399  miles  on  this  duty. 

The  revenue  steamer  Bear,  Capt.  M.  A.  Healy,  commanding,  sailed 
from  San  Francisco  May  2  on  her  annual  cruise  to  the  Bering  Sea  and 
Arctic  Ocean.  She  visited  the  Seal  Islands  en  route  north,  inspected 
the  refuge  station  at  Point  Barrow,  and  delivered  the  supplies  neces- 
sary for  the  maintenance  of  the  station  for  the-ensuing  year,  and  assisted 
a  number  of  whaling  vessels  in  those  waters.  By  request  of  the  Hon- 
orable the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  the  Bear  made  several  trips  to  the 
coast  of  Siberia  and  transiDorted  to  Port  Clarence  in  all  127  domesti- 
cated reindeer,  in  furtherance  of  the  euteriDrise  of  introducing  them  into 
the  Territory  for  the  benefit  and  eventually  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
natives  of  Alaska.  This  enterprise  is  under  the  general  supervision  of 
the  commissioner  of  education  for  Alaska.  To  August  31  the  Bear  had 
cruised  G,5S4  miles  in  Alaskan  waters,  and  will  remain  as  a  guard  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  Seal  Islands  until  November  15  next,  after  which 
date  there  will  be  no  danger  of  poachers  raiding  the  seal  rookeries  on 

the  islands. 

"Ferrij.'' 

On  August  19,  at  Erie,  Pa.,  the  officers  and  crew  of  the  revenue 
steamer  Berry  succeeded  in  preventing  the  destruction  by  fire  of  a  large 


EErORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


75 


amoiiut  of  Y)roi)erty  on  shore  near  where  that  vessel  was  lying,  and  also 
the  destruction  of  the  steamers  Mystic,  F.  W.  Bacon,  and  Eric,  and  the 
schooner  Flow  Boy,  by  keepiug  them  clear  of  the  burning  steamer  Annie 

Laurie. 

'■^  Johnson. ^^ 

October  28,  at  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  the  officers  and  crew  of  the  steamer 
Johnson  rendered  efficient  and  at  times  hazardous  service  iu  their  en- 
deavors to  extinguish  a  fire  whicji  proved  verj^  disastrous  to  that  city. 

The  steamer  Bonhcell,  at  Savannah,  Ga.,  rendered  efficient  aid  in  car- 
rying supplies  and  relieving  the  distress  of  sufferers  from  the  hurricane 
which  swept  the  coasts  of  South  Carolina  and  Georgia  August  27  and  28, 
which  service  elicited  the  thnnks  of  the  Citizens'  Eclief  Committee. 

The  steamer  Seivard,  on  Mississipx^i  Sound,  rendered  similar  service 
to  the  i^eople  of  that  locality  immediately  after  the  hurricane  of  October 
1  and  2. 

The  officer  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  the  act  of  Congress 
approved  May  16,  1888,  regulating  the  anchorage  of  vessels  in  the  bay 
and  harbor  of  New  York,  reports  having  found  755  vessels  anchored  in 
violation  of  the  regulations,  and  ordered  their  removal.  Some  of  these 
complied  at  once  on  being  notified,  but  it  was  found  necessary  to  use 
the  force  of  the  i^atrol  steamer  Manhailan  in  many  cases,  and  297  vessels 
were  thus  assisted  by  being  moved  from  the  channel  ways  to  a  proper 
ancliorage. 

Material  assistance  has  been  given  to  the  Life-Saving  Service  as  cus- 
tomary by  the  revenue  cutters.  Boats,  stores,  and  supi)lies  have  been 
transported  and  delivered,  and  a  distance  of  6,454  miles  cruised  for  this 
X^urpose  alone. 

The  revenue  cutters  stationed  at  the  ports  on  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf 
co.'ists  have  cooperated  with,  and  rendered  valuable  assistance  to,  the 
Marine-Hospital  Service  in  xjreventiug  the  importation  and  spread  of 
epidemic  diseases. 

NAVIGATION. 

The  annual  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Navigation  states  that  the 
documented  tonnage,  by  grand  divisions  of  the  country,  is  as  follows: 

Total  ionnarje. 


Grand  divisions. 

1803. 

Ko.              Tons. 
17  91.3             2  807  C90 

1  5^1                 457  -4"^ 

3  701             1  ''61  (Y)7 

Wcptcvn  rivers 

1  2S'J                 ''OS  892 

Total I  24,512 


4, 823,-071 


76      EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Documented  iron  and  steel  tonnage. 


Grand  divisions. 

1803. 

No. 
575 

40 
172 

32 

Tons. 

555, 407 
69  154 

265, 727 

5,248 

Total 

819 

895,536 

Documented  tonnage  built  during  the  fiscal  year  1S93. 


Grand  divisions. 

1893. 

No. 

599 

91 

175 

91 

Tons. 
89  109 

13  721 

Great  lakes 

99  271 

9, 538 

Total 

95G 

211  030 

Tonnage  of  iron  and  steel  vessels  hnilt  during  the  last  fiscal  year. 


Grand  divisions. 

1893. 

Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts 

No. 
28 
1 
35 

1 

Tons. 

27, 941 

3,529 

62,825 

237 

Great  lakes 

Total 

65  1               0^  K-'''' 

Increase  of  large  vessels  during  the  last  fiscal  year  : 

Vessels  over  1,000  tens,  documented. 

1802. 

1893. 

Steam  vessels 

No. 
640 

403 

Tons. 
1,162,222 
5S6, 281 

No. 
647 
393 

JOJIS. 

1  214  413 

Sailing  vessels 

568, 879 

Total 

1  043           1  "■i«  Pif^5 

1,040 

1, 783, 293 

The  documented  tonnage  of  the  United  States  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal 
year  of  1893  was  60,150  tons  more  than  the  tonnage  reported  the  previ- 
ous year.  The  foreign-goiug  tonnage,  not  including  that  engaged  in 
the  whale  fisheries,  is  883,199  tons,  of  wliich  211  vessels,  aggregating 
257,147  tous,  are  propelled  by  steam,  and  1,031  vessels,  aggregating 
626,052  tons,  are  other  than  steam.  Of  the  total  documented  tonnage, 
2,183,272  tons  are  steam  and  2,641,799  tons  are  other  than  steam. 

The  registered  vessels  in  the  whale  fishery  aggregate  16,606  tons. 
The  eurolled  and  licensed  vessels  include  3,854,693  tons  engaged  in  the 
coasting  trade  along  the  seacoast,  the  rivers,  and  the  Great  Lakes  of  the 
United  States,  and  70,575  tons  licensed  for  the  fisheries.  The  regis- 
tered vessels  aggregate  1,343,  with  a  tonnage  of  899,803,  and  the  enrolled 
and  licensed  vessels  number  23,169,  with  a  tonnage  of  3,925.208. 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.   .   77 

The  foregoing  statistics  do  not  embrace  certain  craft  exempted  by  acts 
of  Congress  from  the  regulations  relating  to  tlie  documenting  of  vessels, 
Including  sucli  documented  vessels  owned  in  this  country,  the  late  cen- 
sus shows  that  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  1890  the  transportation  fleet 
of  the  United  States  aggregated  7,633,676  tons  gross,  valued  at  $215,- 
069,296,  the  crews  of  the  vessels  numbering  106,436  men,  and  their 
wages  amounting  to  $36,867,305  per  annum.  The  values  of  wharves, 
elevators,  shipyards,  and  other  similar  plants  are  not  embraced  in  these 
figures,  nor  are  the  wages  of  the  iDcrsons  employed  in  connection  with 
them. 

American  vessels  during  the  season  of  1S89  carried  in  the  United 
States  the  equivalent  of  15,518,360,000  tons  a  mile,  which  was  equal  to 
nearly  one-fourth  of  the  total  ton-mileage  rex)orted  for  all  the  railways 
in  the  United  States.  The  transi)ortation  tonnage,  documented  and 
undocumented,  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  ending  1890  is  reported 
in  the  census  to  be  as  follows : 


Grand  divisions. 

Gross  tons. 

Value. 

2,794,440 

77, 562 

441,930 

926,  355 

3,393,380 

8123, 874, 177 

3,851,270 

23, 067, 370 

48,941,474 

15, 335, 005 

Gulf  of  Mexico , ^ 

Total 

7,633,676 

215, 069, 296 

The  annual  "  List  of  Merchant  Vessels  "  published  by  the  Bureau  of 
Navigation  shows  that  in  addition  to  the  tonnage  mentioned  above  as 
having  been  built  during  the  year  a  considerable  number  of  war  and 
other  vessels  have  been  constructed  for  the  various  services  of  the  Gov- 
ernment. 

LIGHT-HOUSE   SERVICE. 

The  number  of  light-houses  aud  heacou  lights  on  June  30,  18!)3,  was 1,  041 

Post  lights 1,750 

Light-ships 40 

Buoys  of  all  kinds 4,  491 

Fog  signals  operated  by  steam,  hot  air,  or  clockwork 303 

Steam  and  sailing  tenders,  including  steam  launches 40 

Number  of  persons  emxiloyed  in  the  Light-House  Service,  including  light- 
keepers,  laborers  in  charge  of  river  post  lights,  crews  of  light-ships,  and 

light  and  buoy  tenders,  etc 3,463 

The  increase  in  light-stations  was 8 

Approj)riatious  made  for  the  support  of  the  Light-House  Establishment  for 

thej^car  to  end  June  30,  1894 §2,558,500 

Appropriations  made  by  the  sundry  civil  appropriation  act  approved  March 

3,  1893,  for  increases  to  the  Light-House  Establisment $389,  500 

The  Light-Housc  Board  is  making  marked  progress  in  rejilacing  old 
methods  with  new.  This  is  notably  shown  in  the  installation  of  electric 
lights  on  one  light-shij>  and  in  setting  up  revolving  lights  on  two 
other  light-ships.  The  Board  has  made  some  x^rogress  in  its  studies  as 
to  the  methods  of  making  electric  communication  between  light-ships 


78      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

and  tlie  sliore,  and  it  only  waits  for  an  approiwiatiou  for  the  j)urpose  to 
attempt  to  carry  its  tlieories  into  practice.  It  lias  continued  its  efforts 
to  use  buoys  carrying  electric  lights,  and  tins  -svas  successfull}^  done  on 
the  Chicago  water  front  during  the  Columbian  Exposition, 

Tlie  exhibit  made  by  the  Light-House  Board  at  the  World's  Fair  of 
a  light-house  in  full  operation,  attended  by  its  staff  of  light-keepers, 
of  the  various  buoys  in  use  which  were  grouped  about  the  lighthouse, 
of  its  lenses  and  lights  of  various  kinds,  and  in  certain  cases  revolving 
and  flashing  while  or  red  light,  and  the  various  accessories  to  its  lights, 
buoys,  and  fog  signals,  attracted  much  attention  from  the  visitors,  and 
showed  something  of  the  rank  the  United  States  Light- House  Establish- 
ment holds  with  the  light-house  establishments  of  other  maritime 
countries. 

The  severe  storms  of  August  and  October,  1893,  did  much  damage  to 
the  lights  and  buoys  on  our  coasts.  One  light-ship  was  sunk  at  its 
moorings  off  Cape  May,  N.  J.,  and  four  of  the  crew  were  lost.  One 
was  torn  from  her  moorings  and  driven  on  shore  on  the  South  Carolina 
coast  not  far  from  Charleston,  fortunately  without  loss  of  life.  Many 
light  house  structures  Avere  badly  damaged,  and  many  light-keepers  lost 
all  their  effects,  on  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts.  The  attention  of 
Congress  has  been  invited  elsewhere  to  the  need  of  appropriations  to 
repair  these  damages  and  to  reimburse  these  keepers  for  their  private 
losses,  incurred  by  their  devotion  to  their  i^ublic  duties. 

Independent  of  this  especial  need,  I  invite  attention  to  the  necessity 
for  making  adequate  i^rovision  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Light-House 
Establishment.  Last  year  a  little  more  than  two  and  a  half  millions 
was  appropriated  for  the  purpose.  That  is  barely  sufficient,  with  the 
severest  economy,  to  keep  up  the  service ;  but  it  does  not  enable  the 
Board  to  properly  man  its  stations;  it  does  not  enable  the  Board  to 
replenish  its  stores  of  material  kept  to  meet  emergencies  and  which 
have  been  nearlj^  exhausted  for  that  purpose,  nor  does  it  enable  it  to 
keep  the  EstablisTiment  up  with  the  advances  made  by  tlie  light-house 
establishments  of  other  countries.  The  Board  reports  that  the  condi- 
tion of  the  service  leaves  nmcli  to  be  desired,  and  that  all  that  is 
needed  is  a  proper  supply  of  funds  to  enable  it  to  bring  our  Light- 
House  Service  up  to  the  desired  standard.  I  recommend  that  due  ap- 
propriation be  made  for  the  proper  maintenance  of  our  present  Light- 
House  Service,  and  that  if  the  estimates  of  the  Light-House  Board  can 
not  all  be  met,  reduction  be  made  in  the  estimates  for  new  works 
rather  than  in  the  estimates  for  the  maintenance  of  those  now  in 
opei'ation. 

Eegulations  have  been  xjrcpared  by  the  Board,  and  approved  and  i^ro- 
mulgated  by  me,  making  appointments  and  promotions  in  this  sei'vice 
depend  upon  merit  alone,  thus  placing  it  upon  an  absolutely  nonpar- 
tisan basis.  This  has  been  considered  necessary  in  order  to  promote  the 
integrity  and  efficiency  of  this  peculiar  ser\ice,  in  which  experience  and 
skill  are  indispensable  qualifications. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  79 

LIFE-SAVING  SERVICE. 

Tlio  statistics  of  the  operations  of  the  Life- Saving  Service  during  the 
5'ear  are  as  foHows : 

The  number  of  disasters  to  documented  vessels  -was  427.  On  board 
these  vessels  were  3,565  i3ersous,  of  whom  3,542  were  saved  and  23  lost. 
The  value  of  the  property  involved  is  estimated  at  $8,098,075,  of  which 
$3,442,505  was  saved  and  81,655,570  lost.  The  number  of  vessels  totally 
lost  was  88.  Besides  the  foregoing  there  were  154  casualties  to  smaller 
craft,  such  as  sailboats,  rowboats,  etc.,  on  which  there  were  327  persons, 
of  whom  321  were  saved  and  6  were  lost.  The  value  of  the  property 
involved  in  these  instances  is  estimated  at  $153,035,  of  which  $128,315 
was  saved  and  $24,690  lost. 

The  following  is  the  aggregate : 

Total  uuitiber  of  disasters 531 

Totalvahie  of  property  mvolved $8,251,110 

Total  value  of  property  saved §6,  570,550 

Total  value  of  property  lost $1,680,260 

Total  number  of  persons  involved. 3,  892 

Total  uumbei-  of  persons  lost 29 

Total  number  of  sliip wrecked  persons  succored  at  stations 6G3 

Total  number  of  days'  succor  afforded 1,  G59 

Number  of  vessels  totally  lost 88 

Besides  those  included  in  the  above  table  there  were  47  other  persons 
rescued  who  probably  would  have  x>erished  but  for  the  aid  of  the  life- 
saving  crews.  With  the  exception  of  a  single  year  the  extent  of  the 
assistance  rendered  in  saving  vessels  and  cargoes  was  greater  than  ever 
before,  504  vessels  having  been  aided  in  getting  afloat  when  stranded, 
repaired  when  damaged,  piloted  out  of  dangerous  x)laces,  and  assisted 
in  similar  ways  by  the  station  crews.  In  235  instances  vessels  in  danger 
of  stranding  were  warned  off  by  the  signals  of  the  x:)atrolmen. 

The  number  of  stations  embraced  in  the  service  at  the  close  of  the 
fiscal  year  was  244,  and  the  cost  of  the  maintenance  of  the  service  dur- 
ing the  year  was  $1,231,893.45. 

Since  the  date  of  the  last  report  new  stations  have  been  completed 
and  i)ut  in  operation  at  Brant  Eock,  Mass.;  Fort  Niagara,  N".  Y.,  and 
Kewaunee,  Wis.  A  station  is  also  ajiproaching  completion  at  Ashta- 
bula, Ohio,  and  another  between  Point  Lobos  and  Point  San  Pedro, 
California.  The  station  authorized  by  act  of  Congress  to  be  established 
on  the  grounds  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  at  Chicago,  111., 
to  serve  the  double  purpose  of  a  permanent  and  an  exhibition  station, 
was  equipijcd  and  manned  at  the  opening  of  navigation  on  the  lakes. 
During  the  continuance  of  the  Exposition  it  admirably  fulfilled  its 
design,  not  only  by  exhibiting  the  character  of  the  various  types  of  boats, 
apparatus,  and  appliances  belonging  to  the  service,  and  illustrating  by 
frequent  drills  the  methods  emploj'cd  in  rescuing  imperiled  mariners, 
but  on  several  occasions  by  effecting  deliverances  from  actual  shix^ wreck 
occurring  within  the  scope  of  its  operations. 


80      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  TREASURY. 

The  old  Chicago  station  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  which, 
owiug  to  the  limited  dimensions  of  its  site,  was  never  fitted  for  the 
residence  of  a  crew  or  an  adequate  depository  for  modern  life  saving 
appliances,  and  which  the  new  station  was  designed  to  sui^ersede,  was 
utilized  as  an  adjunct  or  auxiliary  post,  two  surfmen  being  detailed  to 
keej)  a  lookout  and  be  always  i)resent  at  this  i^oint  where  minor  acci- 
dents by  the  capsizing  of  small  boats,  etc.,  are  frequent ;  and  it  was  con- 
nected with  the  new  station  by  telephone.  Tlie  experience  of  the  past 
season  has  shown  the  necessity  of  the  continuance  of  this  plan. 

The  last  report  expressed  tlie  belief  that  the  increa^sed  rates  of  com- 
pensation i)rovided  for  the  crews  by  the  act  of  July  22,  1892,  would  re- 
sult in  checking  the  resignations  which  had  menaced  the  efficiency  of 
the  service.  That  exiDcctation  has  been  justified  by  the  experience  of 
the  year.  The  present  rates,  together  with  the  salutary  method  of  mak- 
ing selections  for  employment  in  this  service  prescribed  by  section  10 
of  chapter  117,  Laws  of  1882,  which  provides  "  That  the  appointment 
of  district  superintendents,  inspectors,  and  keei^ers  and  crews  of  life- 
saving  stations  shall  be  made  solely  with  reference  to  their  fitness  and 
without  reference  to  their  j)olitical  or  party  aflfiliatious,"  thereby  giv- 
ing assurance  that  party  fluctuations  will  not  affect  the  tenure  of  emx)loy- 
ment,  have,  it  is  believed,  resulted  in  securing  the  best  qualified  men 
where  changes  have  necessarily  occurred,  and  not  only  afford  promise 
of  the  continuance  of  the  acknowledged  past  preeminence  of  the  service, 
but  encourage  the  hoiDe  of  even  better  results  in  the  future. 

The  occurrence  of  several  furious  storms  along  the  Atlantic  coast 
during  the  months  of  May  and  August  of  the  present  year,  resulting  in 
the  serious  loss  of  life  and  great  destruction  of  property,  has  caused  con- 
siderable public  agitation  of  the  question  whether  the  period  during 
which  the  stations  are  manned  (now  beginning  the  1st  of  Sex)tember  and 
ending  the  1st  of  May  following)  should  not  be  extended  to  embrace 
these  two  mouths.  In  view  of  the  frequency  and  violence  of  the  tem- 
pests, which  the  experience  of  several  recent  years  has  shown  are  liable 
to  devastate  the  Atlantic  seaboard  during  these  mouths,  the  suggestion 
that  the  active  season  be  prolonged  to  include  them  would  seem  to  be 
well  worthy  the  consideration  of  Congress. 

STEAMBOAT-INSPECTION  SERVICE. 

The  Supervising  Inspector-General  reports  the  inspection,  during  the 
year,  of  7,837  domestic  steam  vessels,  Avith  a  net  tonnage  of  1,621,531.50. 
The  officers  licensed  numbered  37,795. 

The  number  of  foreign  passenger  steamers  inspected  was  302  ;  net 
tonnage,  58-1,247.21. 

The  number  of  passengers  carried  on  steamers  during  the  year  is  esti- 
mated at  nearly  700,000,000.  The  number  of  lives  lost  was  228,  being 
an  increase  over  that  of  the  i)revious  year  of  28.     Of  the  lives  lost,  48 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.      81 

were  passengers,  being  the  same  number  of  iiassengers  lost  in  the  pre- 
vious j'ear ;  180  of  the  i^ersous  lost  were  officers  or  others  employed  on 
the  steamers. 

The  personnel  of  the  service  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year  consisted  of 
165  officers,  clerks,  and  messengers. 

The  expenses  of  the  domestic  service  were,  for  salaries,  $248,785.24; 
contingent  expenses,  .$43,052.56;  total  $292,437.80. 

The  expenses  of  the  foreign  service  were  only  $467.54. 

The  value  of  the  inspection  service  as  a  i)reventive  of  the  loss  of  life 
under  the  act  of  February  28,  1871,  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that, 
though  the  number  of  vessels  has  increased  since  the  act  went  into  effect 
more  than  twofold,  and  the  number  of  passengers  carried  more  thaD 
threefold,  the  average  loss  of  life  ann'.ially  is  less  than  one-half  that 
occurring  under  previous  laws,  the  average  loss  during  the  continuance 
of  the  law  of  1852,  nineteen  years,  having  been  490. 

Although  the  work  of  the  service  has  more  than  doubled,  the  contin- 
gent expenses  of  the  service  under  its  jiresent  administration  have  been 
kept  within  the  amount  required  when  the  inspections  were  less  than 
one-half  the  j) resent  number,  such  expenses  having  been  $44,688.94  for 
the  insiDection  of  3,444  steamers  in  1872,  while  for  the  last  fiscal  year 
they  were  but  $44,120.10  to  inspect  8,142  steamers. 

The  Sux)ervisiug  Inspector-General  in  his  report,  recommends  several 
amendments  to  the  inspection  laws  intended  to  meet  more  nearly  the 
present  requirements  of  the  service.  The  recommendations  are  com- 
mended to  Congress  for  its  consideration. 

COAST  AND  GEODETIC  SURVEY. 

Full  details  of  the  field  and  office  work  of  the  Coast  and  Geodetic 
Survey  are  given  in  the  annual  report  of  the  Superintendent,  which  is 
required  by  law  to  be  submitted  to  Congress  in  the  month  of  December 
in  each  year.  During  the  fiscal  year  seventy-six  parties  were  employed 
upon  the  coasts  or  within  the  limits  of  fourteen  States  on  the  Atlantic 
and  Gulf  seaboard,  two  States  and  one  Territory  bordering  on  the  Pacific 
Ocean  and  on  Bering  Sea,  and  in  eight  States  and  two  Territories  in  the 
interior.  Their  work  included  the  measurement  of  base  lines ;  rcconnois- 
sauce  and  triangulation  ;  determinations  of  time,  latitude,  longitude,  and 
azimuth ;  observations  for  the  force  of  gravity  and  determinations  of  the 
variations  of  latitude  ;  geodetic  leveling  ;  observations  for  the  magnetic 
declination,  dij),  and  intensity;  topographic  surveys,  and  hydrographic 
work  involving  inshore  and  offshore  soundings,  and  observations  of 
currents  and  tides. 

The  preliminary  surveys  needed  for  the  location  of  the  northeastern 
boundary  line  between  the  United  States  and  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
are  advancing  towards  comj)letion;  the  resurvey  of  Boston  Harbor, 
made  necessary  by  changes  both  natural  and  artificial  during  the  past 
forty  years,  is  in  active  i^rogress.  The  survey  of  the  Connecticut  Eiver 
to  the  head  of  tide  water  is  nearly  completed,  and  that  of  the  Hudson 
Ab.  93 G 


82      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Eiver  lias  made  good  progress.  Stations  were  occupied  in  the  State  of 
Tennessee  for  connecting  the  triangnlatiou  of  that  State  with  the  tri- 
angulation  of  the  State  of  Kentuckj^  A  reconnoi.ssance  and  triaugula- 
tion  resting  upon  the  Atlantic  base  has  been  carried  through  Georgia 
and  Alabama  and  nearly  completed  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Progress 
has  been  made  in  the  reconnoissance  for  a  triangulation  along  the  Eio 
Grande,  which  will  result  in  a  more  precise  location  of  that  part  of  the 
boundary  line  between  the  United  States  and  Mexico,  Surveys  have 
been  begun  for  the  location  of  the  boundary  line  between  California 
and  Xevada  from  Lake  Tahoe  to  the  Colorado  Eiver ;  and  officers  of 
the  Survey  have  been  sent  to  southeastern  Alaska  under  instructions  to 
cooperate  with  ofiicers  detailed  by  the  Dominion  of  Canada  in  locating 
the  boundary  line  between  Alaska  and  the  British  Possessions  in  North 
America. 

In  compliance  with  requests  from  national,  State,  or  municipal  au- 
thorities, and  with  the  approval  of  the  Department,  certain  officers  of 
the  Survey  were  detailed  for  special  service  as  follows  :  One  to  cooperate 
with  the  Commission  organized  for  the  adjustment  of  the  boundary  line 
between  the  States  of  Delaware  and  Pennsylvania ;  one  to  delineate 
accurately  uj)on  suitable  maps  the  boundaries  of  the  natural  oyster 
beds  of  the  State  of  Virginia  ;  one  to  act  as  a  member  of  a  Board  ol 
engineers  to  devise  a  system  of  sewerage  and  grading  of  streets  for  the 
city  of  San  Francisco,  and  one  to  cooperate  with  the  Harbor  Line  Com- 
mission of  the  State  of  Washington  in  harbor  surveys  on  Pnget  Sound. 

In  accordance  with  law,  one  of  the  older  ofhcers  of  the  Survey  has 
.  continued  to  serve  as  a  member  of  the  Mississippi  Eiver  Commission,  and 
another  is  still  serving,  by  appointment  of  the  President,  as  a  member  of 
the  International  Boundary  Commission  organized  for  the  location  of 
that  part  of  the  United  States  and  Mexican  boundary  line  extending 
from  the  Eio  Grande  to  the  Pacific. 

At  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  the  Survey  was  represented  hy 
a  carefully  prepared  collection  of  instruments  and  ai:)paratus  that  were 
best  adapted  to  illustrate  the  several  branches  of  fieldwork ;'  by  a  selec- 
tion from  the  publications,  and  by  sets  of  standard  weights  and  meas- 
ures. In  order  to  exemplify  fully  the  recent  improvements  in  hydro- 
graphic  work,  particularly  in  apparatus  for  deep-sea  sounding  and  ob- 
servations of  currents,  the  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey  steamer  BlaJce, 
supplied  with  a  complete  equipment  of  such  apparatus,  was  moored  at 
the  Exposition  wharf. 

The  regular  A^ork  of  the  Office  of  Standard  Weights  and  Measures  has 
been  somewhat  interrupted  during  the  past  fiscal  year  by  the  extra  labor 
involved  in  x)rcparing  a  suitable  exhibit  for  the  World's  Columbian  Ex- 
position. Some  progress  was  made  in  the  i^reparatiou  of  two  comj)lete 
sets  of  standard  weights  and  measures  for  the  States  of  l^orth  and  South 
Dakota,  and  in  compliance  with  a  request  from  the  State  of  Ohio  the 
standards  belonging  to  that  State  were  polished  and  adjusted. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.      83 

The  usual  amount  of  work  was  also  done  for  other  branches  of  the 
United  States  Government.  For  the  Internal  Eevenne  Bureau  sugar 
flasks  were  graduated  and  comparisons  were  made  of  alcoholometers 
and  qaartz  plates ;  for  the  Division  of  Customs,  valuable  aid  was  rendered 
in  securing  suitable  sheet  metal  gauges  to  conform  with  the  act  of  Con- 
gress of  March  3,  1893,  and  a  72-inch  scale  for  the  Ordnance  Office,  War 
Department,  was  graduated  and  its  corrections  determined  in  terms  of 
the  national  standard. 

A  bulletin  was  issued  in  Ai^ril,  1893,  by  the  Superintendent  of  weights 
and  measures,  api:>roved  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  announcing 
that  in  the  future  the  ofiice  would  regard  the  international  j)rototype 
meter  and  kilogram  as  fundamental  standards,  thus  putting  our  weights 
and  measures  in  direct  relation  with  those  of  all  other  civilized  nations. 

PUBLIC   BUILDINGS. 

During  the  past  year  there  were  under  the  control  of  the  construction 
branch  of  this  Department  371  buildings,  classifie.d  as  follows  : 

Completed  and  occupied 273 

Under  course  of  coiLstruction,  repairs,  and  modifications  specially  appropriated  for..     60 
Active  operations  not  yet  commenced 38 

371 

The  following  statement  shows  the  amount  expended  on  public  build- 
ings during  the  year  ending  September  30,  1893 : 

For  sites  and  in  construction  of  new  buildings $3,787,943.47 

For  repai  rs  and  preservation  o  f  puljl  ic  buildings 190,  729.  44 

For  heating  apparatus  for  public  buildings ■ 88,  856. 11 

For  vaults,  safes,  and  locks  for  piiblic  buildings 53,242. 10 

For  pliotograpliic  duplication  of  plans 5,  388. 13 

4, 126, 159.  25 

The  increased  amount  of  work  imposed  upon  the  office  of  the  Super- 
vising Architect  over  that  existing  during  previous  years  emphasizes  the 
necessity  for  an  increase  of  the  allowance  beyond  that  previously  made 
for  the  required  technical  service,  and  this  has  been  given  consideration 
in  the  preparation  of  estimates  to  be  submitted  for  the  coming  fiscal  year. 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUTVIBIA. 

The  net  expenditures  on  account  of  the  District  of  Columbia  for  the 
fiscal  year  1893  were  $5,827,525.02.  The  net  revenues  deposited  in  the 
Treasury  on  this  account  for  the  same  i)eriod  were  $3,111,742.27. 

On  July  1,  1892,  there  were  due  and  i^ayable  $839,100  six  per  cent 
bonds,  and  on  July  2G,  1892,  $44,400  seven  per  cent  bonds,  making  a 
total  of  $883,500.  To  provide  for  the  payment  of  these  bonds  there 
were  issued  and  sold  under  the  x^rovisions  of  the  act  of  March  3,  1891, 
$400,000  three-fifty  per  cent  bonds,  at  a  premium  of  1.291  per  cent, 
realizing  the  sum  of  $405,164,  which  was  applied  to  their  redemption 
leaving  $478,300  to  be  absorbed  by  the  sinking  funds. 


84      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  TREASURY. 

There  have  been  issued  during  the  fiscal  year  $9,250  of  the  3. 65  pe? 
cent  bonds  in  satisfoction  of  judgments  of  the  Court  of  Claims. 

The  net  reduction  of  the  bonded  debt  during  the  fiscal  year  was 
$558,000,  and  of  the  aunual  interest  charge,  $43,224. 

The  bonded  debt  has  been  reduced  since  July  1,  1878,  $3,531,250, 
and  the  annual  interest  charge  $305,344.72. 

At  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  1892  the  net  surplus  arising  from  the 
sale  of  bonds  in  Avhich  the  retention  from  District  contracts  was  invested 
was  $23,777.27.  During  the  fiscal  year  1893,  in  settlement  of  these  ac- 
counts, the  sum  due  the  contractors  is  in  excess  of  the  amount  realized 
from  the  sale  of  bonds,  showing  a  net  loss  of  $1,603.88,  reducing  the  sur- 
plus at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  to  $22,173.39,  which  has  been  covered 
into  the  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  the  United  States  and  District  of  Co- 
lumbia in  equal  parts,  as  provided  in  the  act  of  February  25, 1885. 

All  of  the  retentions  from  contractors  to  be  settled  under  the  provisions 
of  this  law  have  been  disposed  of,  the  five  years  for  which  they  were  to 
be  held  having  expired. 

Investments  of  retentions  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  March  3, 
1887,  are  made  only  at  the  request  and  at  the  risk  of  the  contractor,  and 
at  the  end  of  the  guaranty  period  settlement  is  made  by  delivering  to 
him  or  his  legal  representative  the  securities  in  which  the  retention  is 
invested. 

The  duties  relative  to  District  affairs  devolving  upon  the  Treasurer  of 
the  United  States  are  of  varied  and  diverse  character  and  attended  with 
great  responsibility,  and  they  are  constantly  being  increased  by  Con- 
gressional enactments.  These  duties  the  Treasurer  exercises  in  the 
capacity  of  a  Federal  officer  by  means  of  a  separate  department  of  his 
office,  known  as  the  sinking-fund  office  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  but 
which  is  not  a  branch  of  the  Treasury  Department,  but  is  in  point  of 
law  legitimately  and  properly  an  office  of  the  United  States  and  a  branch 
of  the  Treasurer's  Bureau,  for  which  he  is  as  much  responsible  under 
his  bond  as  for  any  other  division  of  his  office.  To  remedy  this  some- 
what anomalous  condition,  the  Treasurer  recommends  that  Congiessbe 
asked  to  make  the  sinking-fund  office  a  regular  division  of  the  Treas- 
urer's office  and  incorporate  the  estimates  for  the  service  thereof  in  the 
appropriation  bill  for  the  service  of  the  Department,  placing  the  em- 
ployes upon  the  rolls  upon  the  same  footing  as  far  as  practicable  with 
the  regular  employes.  It  would  only  be  necessary  at  the  end  of  each  fiscal 
year  to  charge  one-half  of  the  expenses  of  the  office  to  the  District  of 
Columbia,  and  would  enable  the  Treasurer  to  detail  clerks  to  assist  in 
the  duties  of  the  office  when  necessary,  and  make  an  equitable  adjust- 
ment of  the  exj)enses. 

Detailed  information  in  regard  to  the  affairs  of  the  District  of  Columbia, 
will  be  found  in  the  report  to  be  submitted  by  the  District  Commis- 
sioners and  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  who  is  by  law  ex- 
officio  commissioner  of  the  sinking-fund  of  the  District. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  85 

world's  COLUMBIAX  EXPOSITIOX. 

The  exhibit  of  the  Treasury  Departmeut  at  the  World's  Columbian 
Exposition  was  prepared  from  material  furnished  by  the  offices  of  the 
Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  Internal  Revenue,  Suj^ervising  Architect, 
Life-Saving  Service,  Marine-Hospital  Service,  the  Mint,  the  Light- 
House  Establishment,  the  Bureau  of  Statistics,  the  Eegister  of  the 
Treasury,  and  the  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing.  Though  the 
Treasury  Department,  owing  to  the  nature  of  its  functions,  affords  a 
less  attractive  field  for  disi)lay  than  other  Executive  Departments  of 
the  Government,  its  exhibits  proved  interesting,  and  in  many  respects 
instructive. 

The  allotment  to  the  Treasury  Department  from  the  total  api)ropri- 
ation  for  the  United  States  Government  exhibit  was  $01,067.50.  From 
this  amount  the  sum  of  $3,08-1.25  was  deducted  for  the  common  expenses' 
of  the  board  of  control,  and  the  remainder  was  allotted  to  the  above- 
named  bureaus,  as  their  exhibiting  ability  required.  It  is  estimated 
that,  after  defraying  all  exxjeuses  incident  to  the  packing  and  return  of 
the  exhibits,  and  the  preparation  of  a  final  report  and  other  incidental 
expenses,  a  balance  of  $3,000  or  $4,000  will  remain  to  be  returned 
into  the  Treasury. 

PACIFIC   RAILROADS. 

There  are  now  outstanding  $64,623,512  of  the  6  per  cent  bonds  of  the 
United  States  which  were  issued  in  aid  of  the  construction  of  Pacific 
railroads,  and  are  knovrn  to  the  public  as  "Currency  sixes."  They 
were  authorized  by  the  act  of  July  1,  1S62,  and  July  2,  1SG4,  and  ma- 
ture at  various  dates  from  January  16,  1895,  to  January  1,  1890.  The 
amount  maturing  on  the  first-named  date  is  $2,362,000.  These  bonds 
are  absolutely  paj^able  on  the  respective  dates  of  their  maturity,  differ- 
ing in  this  regard  from  the  other  outstanding  interest-bearing  bonds  of 
the  United  States,  which  are  redeemable  at  the  pleasure  of  the  Govern- 
ment after  certain  dates.  In  view  of  this  fact,  it  is  important  that  Con- 
gress should  take  action  at  this  session  with  respect  to  the  payment,  at 
least,  of  the  $2,362,000  which  will  mature  within  the  fiscal  year  1895. 
riie  following  table  shows  the  amounts  and  dates  of  maturity  of  the 
bonds  issued  by  the  United  States : 

Central  Pacific  Railroad. 

Maturity  of  boud : 

January  IG,  1895 J;?,  363,  000 

January  1,  1S96 1,  GOO,  000 

January  1,  1897 2, 112,  000 

January  1,  189*. 10,614,120 

January  1,  1899 9, 197,  000 


86       •         REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 

Urdon  Pacific  Bcdlroad. 

Maturity  of  bond : 

February  1,  189G 3^.  ^-%  000 

January  1,  38;)7 :5,  840,  000 

January  1,  1808 15,919,512 

Jauuaiy  1,  1899 3,157,000 

Kansas  Facijic  Railroad. 

Maturity  of  boud  : 

November  1,  1895 640,000 

Jauuaryl,  189G 1,440,000 

January  1,  1897 -2,800,000 

Jauuaryl,  1898 1,423,000 

Central  Branch,  UniGn  Pacific  llailroad. 

Maturity  of  bond : 

January  1,189G 640,000 

January  1, 1897 610,000 

January  1,1893 320,000 

Sioux  City  and  Pacific  PaUroad. 

Maturity  of  bond  January  1,1893 1,628,320 

Western  Pacific  Bailroad. 

Maturity  of  bond  : 

January  1, 1397 320,000 

Jauuaryl,  1899 1,  G50,  560 

Section  2  of  tlie  act  of  July  1,  1SG2,  provided  that  these  bonds  should 
''constitute  a  first  mortgage  on  the  whole  line  of  railroad  and  telegraph, 
together  with  the  rolling  stock,  fixtures,  and  property  of  every  kind  and 
description,"  but  section  10  of  the  act  of  July  2,  18G4,  modified  and 
amended  the  preceding  act  so  as  to  authorize  the  issue,  by  the  respective 
railroad  companies,  of  their  own  first-mortgage  bonds  "to  an  amount 
not  exceeding  the  bonds  of  the  United  States,  and  of  even  tenor  and 
date,  time  of  maturity,  rate,  and  cliaracter  of  interest  with  the  bonds 
authorized  to  be  issued  to  said  railroad  companies,  respectively. ' '  It  was 
farther  provided  that  the  lieu  to  secure  the  United  States  bonds  should 
be  subordinate  to  that  of  the  first-mortgage  bonds  issued  by  the  rail- 
roads, except  as  to  certain  i^rovisions  in  the  former  act  relating  to  the 
transmission  of  dispatches,  and  the  transportation  of  mails,  troops,  mu- 
nitions of  war,  supplies,  and  public  stores  for  the  Government  of  the 
United  States. 

In  i)ursuance  of  the  authority  giveu  by  the  act  of  July  2,  1864,  the 
respective  railroad  companies  issued  first-mortgage  bonds  in  the  amounts 
and  with  dates  of  maturity  as  stated  below ; 


REPORT    OP    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  87 

Union  Pacific  Jtailroad. 

tJXIOX  DIYISIOX  BONDS, 

Maturity  of  bond : 

January  1, 189G $G,  475,  000 

January  1,1S07 1,593,000 

July  1,1897 1,920,000 

January  1,1898 5,899,000 

July  1,1898 8,837,000 

January  1, 1899 2,400,000 

Total  Union  Division  bonds 27,229,000 

KAXSAS  DIVISION  T.OXDS. 
Maturity  of  bond : 

August  1,1895 2,240,000 

January  1, 189G 4,063,000 

Total  Kansas  Division  bonds 6,303,000 

Grand  total  Union  and  Kansas  Division 33,  532,  COO 

Central  Pacific  Bailroad. 
Maturity  of  bond : 

Jirly  1,  1895 2,995,000 

Julyl,  1898 3,383,000 

January  1,  1897 3,997,000 

January  1,  1898 15,508,000 

December  1,  1895 112,000 

Julyl,  1899 1,858,000 

Total 27,853,000 

Central  Branch,  Union  Pacific  Bailroad. 

Maturity  of  bond  May  — ,  1895 1,  600,  000 

8io7ix  City  and  Pacific  Railroad. 

Maturity  of  bond  January  1,  1898 1,628,000 

Total  first  mortgage  bonds 64,613,000 

The  act  of  July  1, 1862,  besides  giving  authority  for  the  issue  of  Uuited 
States  bonds  to  the  railroad  companies,  granted  large  tracts  of  the  public 
domain  to  said  companies,  one  of  the  conditions  of  the  grants  being  that 
the  railroad  comx)auies  should  -pay  at  maturity  the  bonds  issued  to  them 
by  the  Government ;  and  to  secure  such  payment  in  part,  including  the 
interest  on  the  bonds,  it  was  i^rovided  that  the  comi)ensation  due  the 
railroads  for  services  rendered  the  Government  should  be  applied  to  such 
payment  of  bonds  and  interest  until  the  whole  amount  should  be  fully 
paid.  But  in  section  5  of  the  act  of  July  2,  1864,  this  provision  was  so 
modified  as  to  require  only  one-half  of  the  compensation  for  services 
rendered  for  the  Government  by  the  companies  to  be  applied  to  the  i^ay- 
ment  of  the  bonds  issued  by  the  Government. 


88      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Subsequently  it  became  apparent  that  the  acts  of  1862  and  1864  did 
not  contain  Sufficient  provision  for  the  liquidation  of  the  debts  due  by 
the  respective  companies  to  the  United  States,  and  by  the  act  of  May  7, 
1878,  commonly  known  as  the  Thurman  Act,  Congress  restored  the  pro- 
visions contained  in  the  act  of  1862  for  the  retention  of  the  whole  amount 
of  the  compensation  due  the  companies  for  services  to  the  Government, 
one- half  of  said  compensation  to  be  applied  to  the  liquidation  of  the 
interest  paid  and  to  be  paid  by  the  United  States  on  its  bonds  issued  to 
the  companies,  and  the  other  half  to  be  used  for  the  establishment  of  a 
sinking  fund  to  be  invested  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  in  bonds 
of  the  United  States,  said  fund  to  be  applied  according  to  sections  7  and 
8  of  the  act,  as  follows  : 

Sec.  7.  That  the  said  sinking  fund  so  established  and  accumulated  shall,  at  the  ma- 
turity of  said  bonds  so  respectively  issued  by  the  United  States,  be  applied  to  the  pay- 
ment and  satisfaction  thereof,  according  to  the  interest  and  proportion  of  each  of  said 
companies  iu  said  fund,  and  of  all  interest  paid  by  the  United  States  thereon,  and  not 
reimbursed,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  the  next  section. 

Sec.  8.  That  said  sinking  fund  so  established  and  accumulated  shall,  according  to  the 
interest  and  proportion  of  said  companies,  respectively,  therein,  be  held  for  the  protec- 
tion, security,  and  benefit  of  the  lawful  and  jiist  holders  of  any  mortgage  or  lieu  debts 
of  such  companies,  respectively,  lawfully  paramount  to  the  rights  of  the  United  States, 
and  for  the  claims  of  other  creditors,  if  any,  lawfully  chargeable  upon  the  funds  so 
required  to  be  paid  into  said  sinking  fund,  according  to  their  respective  lawful  priori- 
ties, as  well  as  for  the  United  States,  according  to  the  principles  of  equity  to  the  end 
that  all  iiersons  having  any  claim  upon  said  sinking  fund  may  be  entitled  thereto  in 
due  order  ;  but  the  isrovisions  of  this  section  shall  not  operate  or  be  held  to  impair  any 
existing  legal  right,  except  in  the  manner  in  this  act  provided,  of  any  mortgage,  lien, 
or  other  creditor  of  any  of  said  companies,  respectively,  nor  to  excuse  any  of  said  com- 
panies, respectively,  from  the  duty  of  discharging  out  of  other  funds  its  debts  to  any 
creditor  except  the  United  States. 

The  authority  for  investing  the  sinking  funds  in  bonds  of  the  United 
States  was,  by  the  act  of  March  3,  1887,  enlarged  to  include  any  of  the 
first-mortgage  bonds  of  said  railroads  which,  under  any  law  of  the  United 
States,  constitute  a  lien  upon  said  railroads  prior  to  the  lien  of  the  bonds 
issued  by  the  Government. 

Under  these  statutes  the  indebtedness  of  the  several  railroads  to  the 
United  States  was,  on  the  1st  day  of  November,  1893,  substantially  as 
follows : 

Principal  of  bonds $64,623,512.00 

Interest  paid  by  United  States ?!97,  996,  200.  66 

Less  interest  paid  by  companies 26,898,589.97 

71,  097,  610.  69 

Total  indebtedness 135,721,122.69 

The  sinking  funds  established  under  the  Thurman  Act  contained  on 
the  1st  of  Is ovember,  1893,  §7,814.14  in  cash  and  bonds  amounting  to 

$18,074,000,  as  follows; 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRE'l'ARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


89 


Central  Pacific  fund. 


Maturity  of  bond. 


May,  1895 

July,  1S95 

August,  1895 

January,  189G.., 
February,  l.seO., 

June,  1806 

July,  1S96 

January,  1S97... 
July,  1897 


Currency 
sixes. 


$45,000 


197,000 


First- 
mortgage 
bonds. 


Sill, 000 
."8,  000 
151,  000 
157,000 


119, 000 
115,000 
208,  000 
65,000 


Maturity  of  bond. 


January,  1898.. 

July,  1898 

January,  1899., 
July,  1899 


Total 

Total  amount  in  Central 
Pacific  fund 


Currency 
sixes. 


SI,  593, 000 


406,000 


2,241,000 


First- 
mortgage 
bonds. 


SI,  456, 500 
219,  (XJO 
1S6, 000 
93, 000 


2,878,500 
5,119,500 


Union  Facif.c  fund. 


Maturity  of  bond. 


Currency 
sixes. 


May,  1895 

July,  1895 , 

August,  1895... 
January,  1896.. 

June,  1896 

July,  1896 

January,  1897.. 
July,  1897 


Maturity  of  bond. 


January,  1898.. 

July,  1898 

January,  1S99.. 
July,  1899 


Total 

Total  amount  in  Union 
Pacific  fund 


Currency 

sixes. 


S188, 000 


188, 000 


First- 
mortgage 
bonds. 


S4, 380, 500 

2, 368, 000 

500, 000 

315,000 


12, 766,  .500 
12, 954, 500 


Prior  to  Marcli  3,  1887,  the  sinking  funds  were  invested  exclusively 
in  United  States  bonds,  as  required  by  tlie  Thurman  Act,  but  tlie  rapid 
reduction  of  the  i)ublic  debt  then  in  progress  and  the  resulting  high 
prices  of  the  bonds  remaining  in  the  market  made  it  appear  desirable 
that  other  sound  securities  be  authorized  by  law  for  such  investments ; 
and  as  the  first- mortgage  bonds,  which  constituted  a  prior  lien  to  that 
of  the  Government  bonds,  were  also,  by  the  terms  of  section  8  of  the 
Thurman  Act,  quoted  above,  a  prior  lien  ui)on  the  sinking  funds,  the 
investment  of  said  funds  in  such  bonds  seemed  advantageous,  and  such 
investments  were  authorized  by  the  act  of  March  3,  1887.  In  addition 
to  investing  the  moneys  which  after  this  date  came  into  the  sinking- 
funds,  the  United  States  bonds  which  had  previously  been  purchased 
for  the  funds  were  sold,  and  the  j)roceeds  applied  to  the  purchase  of 
first- mortgage  bonds  at  prices  which  augmented  the  income  from  the 
investments  and  increased  the  principal  of  the  bonds  belonging  to  the 
funds.  The  total  amount  of  bonds  added  to  the  funds  by  this  process 
was  f'374,250,  and  the  increase  in  the  annual  income  is  -$116,010. 

Since  the  first  purchase  of  first-mortgage  bonds  for  the  sinking  funds 
under  the  act  of  March  3,  1887,  the  interest  thereon  has  been  promptly 
paid  when  due  until  November  1,  1803,  when  the  Union  Pacific  Eail- 
road  Company  defaulted  on  the  coupons  due  that  day  of  bouds  issued 
by  the  Central  Branch,  Union  Pacific  Eailroad  Company.  The  amount 
of  such  bonds  held  by  the  sinking  fund  was  61,058,000  and  the  unpaid 
coupons  amounted  to  $31,740.  The  Department  has  been  informed  that 
the  receivers  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company  have  made  appli- 
cation to  the  courts  for  authority  to  pay  all  the  coupons  upon  which  the 
road  defaulted  on  the  1st  ultimo,  including  those  above  mentioned. 


90 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


Maiur'dy,  hy  fiscal  years,  of  the  londs  issued  by  the  United  States  to  Pacifie  railroads. 


Maturity, 
fiscal  years. 

Issued  to— 

Amount 
Issued. 

Total  each 
fiscal  year. 

$2, 362, 000 

S2, 362, 000 

1896 

010, 000 
1,4-10,000 
1,  600, 000 

6-10,000 
4,  320, 000 

2,112,000 

3,  8-10,  OCO 

2, 800, 000 

610,000 

320, 000 

]S06 

.....     do    

1896 

1896 

1S96 

1897 

8,610,000 

1897 

1S97 

1897 

1897 

Central  Pacific  Eailroad 

9,712,000 

1898 

10,614,120 
15,919,512 

1, 423, 000 
320, 000 

1,628,320 

1898 

1898 

1898 

1898 

29,904,952 

1899 

9,197,000 
3,157.000 
1, 630, 560 

1899 

1899 

Total 

14,004,560 
64,623,542 



1 

Ilaiurity,  hy  fiscal  years,  of  firsi-morlgage  bonds  issued  by  Pacific  railroads. 


iNIaturity, 
fiscal  years. 

Issued  by — 

Amount  is- 
sued. 

Total  each 
fiscal  year. 

1895 

SI,  €00, 000 

SI,  600,000 

1890   

2, 995, 000 
112,000 
6. 475,  COO 
2, 240, 0(K) 
4, 003, 000 

1896 

1896 

3896 

1896   

do  

15,8&5,000 

1897 

3, 383, 000 
3,997,000 
1,598,000 

1897 

do 

1897 

Union  Pacific  Railroad 

do 

8,978,000 

1898 

1,920,000 
5, 9U9, 000 
15,50S,lW 
1,628,000 

1898 

do 

1898 

1898 

25,055,000 

1899 

8,837,000 
2,400,000 

1899 

do 

11,237,000 
1,858,000 

1900 

1,858,000 

Total 

61,613,000 

The  amouiits  of  the  indebtedness  of  the  several  comj)anies  to  tlie 
United  States  vv'ill  be  increased  to  the  extent  of  the  interest  hereafter 
accruing  on  the  bonds,  except  sucli  part  of  it  as  may  be  repaid  by  serv- 
ices ;  but,  as  the  bonds  mature,  the  sinking  fund  can  be  applied  to 
their  partial  payment,  unless  the  corporations  should  make  defiiult  on 
obligations  secured  by  prior  liens,  in  which  event  the  law  heretofore 
quoted  requires  the  assets  held  by  the  Government  to  be  used  for  their 
satisfaction. 

On  account  of  the  api^roaching  maturity  of  both  classes  of  these 
bonds  and  the  magnitude  of  the  interests  involved,  I  respectfully  sub- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.      91 

mit  that  the  subject  should  receive  the  early  and  earnest  consideration 
of  Congress,  with  a  view  to  the  adoi)tiOn  of  some  plan  which  will  more 
certainly  secure  the  ultimate  i)ayment  of  the  indebtedness  to  the  Gov- 
ernment, and  at  the  same  time  permit  the  companies  to  conduct  the 
business  for  which  they  were  created,  under  such  limitations  and  re- 
strictions as  to  management  and  expenditures  as  may  be  considered 
necessary  to  protect  the  rights  of  all  parties  interested  in  the  property. 
It  would  be  very  unfortunate,  in  my  opinion,  if  the  Government 
should  be  forced  by  any  combination  of  circumstances  to  take  posses- 
sion of  and  oi^erate  these  lines  of  railway,  and  every  reasonable  effort 
should  be  made  by  all  i^arties  to  avoid  such  a  result. 

COXDITIOJS^   OF   THE   TREASURY. 

During  the  first  five  months  of  the  present  fiscal  year  the  expendi- 
tures of  the  Government  have  exceeded  its  receii^ts  to  the  amount  of 
$29,918,095.66.  There  has  been  not  only  a  decrease  of  receipts,  but 
also  an  increase  of  exxDenditures  during  this  period  as  compared  with 
the  corresponding  five  months  of  the  last  fiscal  year.  The  revenues 
from  customs  have  fallen  off  $23,589,829.74;  from  internal  taxes, 
$7,866,667.96,  and  from  miscellaneous  receipts,  $324,152.39.  The  ex- 
penditures on  account  of  the  War  Department  in  the  execution  of  con- 
tracts made  during  the  last  fiscal  year  have  increased  §6,162,132.42  ; 
on  account  of  the  iS"avy  Department,  for  the  same  reason,  the  increase 
has  been  $1,912,289.31 ;  on  account  of  Indians,  $538,078.55,  and  on  ac- 
count of  interest,  $69,450.25;  but  there  have  been  reductions  in  some 
other  branches  of  the  public  service  to  the  amount  of  $6,352,206,  as 
comx)ared  with  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 

The  result  of  these  changes  is  that  on  the  first  day  of  December,  1893, 
the  actual  net  balance  in  the  Treasury,  after  deducting  the  bank  note 
5  per  cent  redemption  fund,  outstanding  drafts  and  checks,  disbursing 
officers'  balances,  agency  accounts,  and  the  gold  reserve,  was  only 
$11,038,448.25,  and  of  the  total  amount  held  $12,347,517.80  was  in  sub- 
sidiary silver  and  minor  coins. 

It  may  be  safely  assumed  that  the  worst  effects  of  the  recent  financial 
disturbances,  and  consequent  business  dejiression,  have  been  realized, 
and  that  the  conditions  will  be  much  more  favorable  hereafter  for  the 
collection  of  an  adequate  revenue  for  the  sui:)port  of  the  Government ; 
but  it  can  scarcely  be  expected  that  the  receipts  during  the  remainder 
of  the  fiscal  year  will  exceed  the  expenditures  for  the  same  time  to  such 
an  extent  as  to  prevent  a  very  considerable  deficiency.  I  have,  there- 
fore, estimated  a  probable  deficiency  of  $28,000,000  at  the  close  of  the 
year,  and  if  Congress  concurs  in  this  view  of  the  situation,  it  will  be 
incumbent  ux^on  it  to  make  some  lirovisiou  for  raising  that  amount  as 
soon  as  practicable,  by  taxation  or  otherwise.  On  account  of  the  dififi- 
culty  of  securing  such  a  sum  within  the  time  it  will  be  required  by  the 
imposition  and  collection  of  additional  taxes,  I  recommend  that  the 


92      EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETAEY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

third  section  of  the  act  to  provide  for  the  resumption  of  specie  payments, 
approved  January  14,  1875,  whieh  confers  authority  upon  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  to  issue  and  sell  certain  descrii^tions  of  United  States 
bonds,  be  so  amended  as  to  authorize  him  to  issue  and  sell,  at  not  less 
than  x)ar  in  coin,  bonds  to  an  amount  not  exceeding  two  hundred 
million  dollars,  bearing  a  lower  rate  of  interest  and  having  a  shorter 
time  to  run  than  those  now  provided  for,  and  that  he  be  permitted  to 
use,  from  time  to  time,  such  iDart  of  the  proceeds  as  may  be  nece'^sary 
to  supply  any  deficiencies  in  the  i^ublic  revenues  that  may  occur  during 
the  fiscal  years  1894  and  1895.     The  section  referred  to  provides  that: 

To  enable  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasurj^  to  prepare  and  provide  for  the  redemption  in 
this  act  authorized  or  required,  he  is  authorized  to  use  any  surplus  revenues  from  time 
to  time  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  and  to  issue,  sell,  and  dispose  of  at 
not  less  than  par  in  coin,  either  of  the  descriptions  of  bonds  of  the  United  States  de- 
scribed in  the  act  of  Congress  approved  July  14,  1870,  entitled  "An  act  to  authorize  the 
refunding  of  the  national  debt." 

The  bonds  authorized  by  the  act  of  July  14,  1870,  are  described  as 
follows : 

(1)  Bouds  not  exceeding  in  the  aggregate  two  hundred  million  dollars, 
in  such  form  as  the  Secretary  may  prescribe,  and  of  denominations  of 
fifty  dollais,  or  some  multiple  of  that  sum,  redeemable  in  coin  of  the 
then  standard  value,  at  the  pleasure  of  the  United  States,  after  ten 
years  from  the  date  of  their  issue,  and  bearing  interest  payable  semi- 
annually in  such  coin  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent  per  annum. 

(2)  Bonds  not  exceediug  in  the  aggregate  three  hundred  million  dol- 
lars, the  same  in  all  respects  as  those  above  described,  but  payable  at 
the  pleasure  of  the  United  States  after  fifteen  years  from  the  date  of 
their  issue,  and  bearing  interest  at  the  rate  of  4i  per  cent  per  annum. 

(3)  Bonds  not  exceed iug  in  the  aggregate  one  thousand  million  dol- 
lars, the  same  in  all  respects,  but  payable  at  the  pleasure  of  the  United 
States  after  thirty  years  from  the  date  of  their  issue,  and  bearing  inter- 
est at  the  rate  of  4  per  cent  per  annum. 

In  the  present  condition  of  the  public  credit  nothing  less  than  the 
existerice  of  a  great  and  pressing  financial  emergency  would,  in  my 
opinion,  justify  the  issue  and  sale  of  any  of  these  classes  of  bonds.  On 
the  first  class  the  interest  would  amount,  at  the  maturity  of  the  bonds, 
to  one-half  the  principal ;  on  the  second  class  it  would  amount  to  more 
than  two-thirds  of  the  principal,  and  on  the  third  class  it  would  exceed 
the  principal  by  20  per  cent.  If  any  one  of  these  methods  of  raising 
money  were  now  i^reseuted  as  an  original  measure  for  consideration  in 
Congress,  I  am  satisfied  it  would  not  receive  the  approval  of  that  body 
or  of  the  people.  Whatever  may  have  been  their  merits  nearly  a  quar- 
ter of  a  century  ago,  when  the  credit  of  the  Government  was  to  a  certain 
extent  impaired  by  the  existence  of  a  large  interest-bearing  public  debt 
and  the  general  use  of  a  depreciated  paper  currency,  not  then  redeemable 
in  any  kind  of  coin,  our  financial  standing  is  now  so  high  that  our  public 
obligations,  bearing  any  of  the  rates  of  interest  authorized  by  the  law  re- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  TPIE  TREASURY.      93 

ferred  to,  would  have  to  be  sold  at  a  x)remium  so  great  as  to  prevent  large 
classes  of  our  people,  who  might  otherwise  invest  in  them,  from  becoming 
purchasers.  The  United  States  4  per  cent  bonds,  payable  in  1907,  are 
now  selling  at  a  rate  which  yields  investors  less  than  3  i)er  cent  upon 
their  cost,  and  I  am  confident  that  a  bond,  bearing  interest  at  the  rate  of 
3  per  cent,  payable  quarterly,  and  redeemable  at  the  option  of  the  Gov- 
ernment after  five  years,  could  be  readily  sold  at  par  in  our  own  country. 

If  the  authority  now  existing  should  be  so  modified  as  to  empower  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  issue  the  bonds  in  denominations  or  sums 
of  twentj'-five  dollars  and  its  multiples,  they  could  be  readily  disposed 
of  through  the  subtreasuries  and  post-offices  without  the  agency  or  inter- 
vention of  banks  or  other  financial  institutions  and  without  the  paj^ment 
of  commissions.  Such  bonds  would  afford  to  the  iDeoi)le  at  large  an 
opportunity  to  convert  their  surplus  earnings  into  a  form  of  securitj^. 
which,  while  it  would  be  x)erfectly  safe,  would  not  only  increase  in  value 
by  reason  of  accumulating  interest,  but  be  at  all  times  available  as  a 
means  of  procuring  money  when  needed ;  and  the  experience  of  this 
and  other  countries  justifies  the  confident  belief  that  such  a  i^lan  v/ould 
be  popular  and  successful. 

In  case  Congress  should  not  consider  it  advisable  to  authorize  the 
Secretary  to  use,  for  the  iDuriDOse  of  supplying  deficiencies  in  the  reve- 
nues, any  part  of  the  i)roceeds  of  the  bonds  herein  suggested,  I  recom- 
mend that  he  be  empowered  to  execute  from  time  to  time,  as  may  be 
necessary,  the  obligations  of  the  Government,  not  exceeding  in  the 
aggregate  fifty  million  dollars,  bearing  a  rate  of  interest  not  greater 
than  3  per  cent  and  payable  after  one  year  from  date,  and  that  he  be 
permitted  to  sell  them  at  not  less  than  par,  or  use  them  at  not  less  than 
par,  in  the  i)aynient  of  public  expenses  to  such  creditors  as  may  be 
willing  to  receive  them.  The  condition  of  the  Treasury  is  such  that 
unless  some  available  means  are  x)romptly  provided  bylaw  for  supplying 
the  growing  deficiency',  the  i^ublic  service  will  be  seriously  impaired  and 
j)ensioners  and  other  creditors  subjected  to  great  delay  and  inconveni- 
ence. Congress  alone  has  the  power  to  adopt  such  measures  as  will 
relieve  the  present  situation  and  enable  the  Treasury  to  continue  the 
punctual  payment  of  all  legitimate  demands  upon  it,  and  I  respectfully 
but  earnestly  urge  that  immediate  attention  be  given  to  the  subject. 

The  necessity  for  the  extension  of  the  power  of  the  Secretary  to  pro- 
cure and  maintain  a  larger  reserve  for  the  redemption  of  United  States 
currency  must,  I  think,  be  evident  to  everyone  who  has  given  serious 
thought  to  the  subject.  At  the  date  of  the  resumptioa  of  specie  pay- 
ments, January  1,  1879,  the  only  form  of  currency,  except  coin  certifi- 
cates, which  the  Government  was  required  or  authorized  by  law  to 
redeem  in  coin  on  presentation,  was  the  old  legal-tendernotes,  then  and 
now  amounting  to  $340,681,016,  and  it  was  considered  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  that  a  coin  reserve  of  a  hundred  million  dollars  would 
constitute  a  sufficient  basis  for  the  maintenance  of  that  amount  of  cur- 


94      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

rency  at  par.  The  correctness  of  this  conclusion  was  shown  by  the  fact 
that,  so  long  as  there  was  no  material  increase  in  the  volume  of  paper  re- 
deemable by  the  Government,  the  reserve  remained  unimpaired  and  no 
serious  disturbances  occurred  in  our  monetary  system ;  but  under  the  act 
of  July  14, 1890,  additional  Treasury  noteshave  been  issued  to  the  amount 
of  6155,930,910,  of  which  there  are  now  outstanding  $153,318,224,  thus 
making  the  direct  Government  obligations  in  use  as  currency  amount  to 
the  sum  of  $499,999,240,  all  of  which  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is 
now  required  by  law  to  redeem  in  coin  on  i)resentation.  Besides  this, 
there  have  been  coined  under  authority  of  law  $419,332,550  in  legal- 
tender  silver,  ui^on  which  certificates  have  been  issued  to  the  amount  of 
$334,138,504  ;  and  as  Congress,  in  the  act  of  July  14, 1890,  declared  it  to 
be  "the  established  policy  of  the  United  States  to  maintain  the  two 
metals  on  a  parity  with  each  other  upon  the  present  legal  ratio,  or  such 
ratio  as  may  be  i)rovided  bylaw,"  an  additional  reason  now  exists  for 
conferring  upon  the  Secretary  unquestionable  authority  to  provide  for 
such  contingencies  as  may  arise. 

Under  these  circumstances  it  is,  in  my  opinion,  necessary  not  only 
that  he  should  be  clothed  with  full  authority  to  i^rocure  and  maintain 
an  ample  reserve  in  coin,  but  that  the  x)urposes  for  which  such  reserve 
is  to  bo  held  and  used  should  be  made  as  comprehensive  as  the  duty  im- 
posed upon  him  by  the  law.  The  existence  of  such  authority  in  a  con- 
stantly available  form  would  of  itself  insi^ire  such  confidence  in  the 
security  and  stability  of  our  currency  that  its  actual  exorcise  might 
never  become  necessary ;  but  the  futility  of  declaring  a  siDCcific  policy 
and  withholding  the  means  which  may  become  necessary  for  its  execu- 
tion is  too  apparent  to  require  comment.  Largely  on  account  of  appre- 
hensions as  to  the  ability  of  the  Government  under  the  legislation  then 
existing  to  continue  the  current  redemption  of  its  notes  in  coin  and 
maintain  the  parity  of  the  two  metals,  the  shipments  of  gold  from  this 
country  during  the  fiscal  year  1893  reached,  as  already  stated  in  this 
report,  the  unprecedented  amount  of  $108,680,844,  nearly  all  of  which 
was  withdrawn  from  the  public  Treasuiy  by  the  i)reseutation  of  notes 
for  redemi)tion.  During  the  three  months  next  i)receding  the  7th  day 
of  March,  1893,  when  a  change  occurred  in  the  administration  of  the 
Treasury  Department,  the  withdrawals  of  gold  from  the  Treasury  for 
export  amounted  to  $34,146,000,  and  during  the  eight  months  which 
haveelai^sed  since  that  time  such  withdrawals  have  amounted  to  $36,- 
259,650,  or  $2,113,650  more  than  diu'ing  the  preceding  period  of  three 
mouths. 

The  amount  of  free  gold  in  the  Treasury  on  the  7th  day  of  March, 
1893,  was  $100,982,410,  or  $982,410  in  excess  of  the  lawful  reserve  ;  but 
by  making  exchanges  of  currency  for  gold  with  the  banks  in  different 
parts  of  the  country  the  amount  was  increased  to  $107,462,682  on  the  25th 
of  that  month.  Notwithstanding  the  most  strenuous  efforts  by  the  De- 
partment to  maintain  the  hundred  million  dollar  reserve  intact,  the  pre- 
sentation of  notes  for  redemption  to  procure  gold  for  shipment  abroad 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.      95 

continued  to  sueh  an  extent  that  on  the  22d  day  of  April,  for  tlie  first 
time  since  the  fund  was  established,  it  became  necessary  to  use  a  part  of 
it,  and  it  was  reduced  to  $95,432,357;  but  it  was  aftervrards  increased 
by  exchanges  of  currency  for  geld,  so  that  on  the  10th  day  of  August  it 
had  been  fully  restored,  and  there  was  on  hand  $103,683,290  in  free  gold. 
By  October  19,  however,  it  had  been  diminished  by  redemptions  of  cur- 
rency and  otherwise  to  the  sum  of  iSl,  551, 385,  which  is  the  lowest  point 
it  has  ever  reached. 

So  long  as  the  Government  continues  the  unwise  policy  of  keeping 
its  own  notes  outstanding  to  circulate  as  currency,  and  undertakes  to 
provide  for  their  redemi^tion  in  coin  on  presentation,  it  will  be,  in  my 
opinion,  essential  for  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  possess  the  means, 
or  to  have  the  clear  and  undoubted  authority  to  secure  the  means,  which 
may  from  time  to  time  become  necessary  to  enable  him  to  meet  such  • 
emergencies  as  the  one  which  has  recently  occurred  in  our  financial  af- 
fairs. Under  existing  legislation  the  Treasury  Departm  ent  exercises  to  a 
larger  extent  than  all  the  other  financial  institutions  of  the  country 
combined  the  functions  of  a  bank  of  issue,  and  while  the  credit  of  the 
Government  is  so  strong  that  it  may  not  be  necessary  to  maintain  at  all 
times  the  actual  coin  ]-eserve  which  experience  has  shown  to  be  requisite 
in  the  case  of  ordinary  banking  companies,  still  it  would  be  manifestly 
imprudent,  to  say  the  least,  not  to  adopt  such  precautionary  measures 
as  would  enable  the  Government  in  times  of  unusual  monetary  disturb- 
ance to  keei3  its  faith  with  the  iDCople  who  hold  its  notes  and  coins  by 
protecting  them  against  the  disastrous  effects  of  an  irredeemable  and 
depreciated  currency. 

Wliile  the  laws  have  imposed  upon  the  Treasury  Department  all  the 
duties  and  responsibilities  of  a  bank  of  issue,  and  to  a  certain  extent  the 
functions  of  a  bank  of  deposit,  they  have  not  conferred  upon  the  Secre- 
tary any  part  of  the  discretionary  powers  usually  possessed  by  the 
executive  heads  of  institutions  engaged  in  conducting  this  character  of 
financial  business.  He  is  bound  by  mandatory  or  prohibitory  provisions 
in  the  statutes  to  do  or  not  do  certain  things,  without  regard  to  the 
circumstances  which  may  exist  at  the  time  he  is  required  to  act,  and 
thus  he  is  allowed  no  opi^ortunity  to  take  advantage  of  changes  in  the 
situation  favorable  to  the  interests  of  the  Government,  or  to  protect  its 
interests  from  injury  when  threatened  by  adverse  events  or  influences. 
He  can  neither  negotiate  temporary  loans  to  meet  casual  deficiencies 
nor  retire  and  cancel  the  notes  of  the  Government  without  substituting 
other  currency  for  them  when  the  revenues  are  redundant  or  the  circula- 
tion excessive,  nor  can  he  resort,  except  to  a  very  limited  extent,  to  any 
of  the  exijedieuts  which  in  his  j  udgment  may  be  absolutelj^  necessary  to 
prevent  injurious  disturbances  of  the  financial  situation.  These  con- 
siderations emphasize  the  necessity  for  such  legislation  as  will  make  the 
Dei^artment  more  indeiiendent  of  speculative  interests  and  oi^erations 
and  enable  it  to  maintain  the  credit  of  the  Government  upon  a  sound 
and  secure  basis. 


96      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Whatever  objections  may  be  urged  against  tlie  maintenance  of  a  large 
coin  reserve,  j)rocnred  by  the  sale  of  interest-bearing  bonds,  it  must  be 
evident  that  this  course  can  not  be  safely  avoided  unless  the  Govern- 
ment abandons  the  policy  of  issuing  its  own  notes  for  circulation  and 
limits  the  functions  of  the  Treasury  Department  to  the  collection  and 
disbursement  of  the  public  revenues  for  purely  public  purposes,  and  to 
the  x)erformance  of  such  other  administrative  duties  as  may  be  appro- 
priate to  the  character  of  its  organization  as  a  branch  of  the  executive 
authority.  To  the  extent  that  it  is  re(|uired  by  law  to  receive  money 
on  deposit,  and  repay  it,  or  to  issue  notes  and  redeem  them  on  demand, 
it  is  engaged  in  a  business  which  can  not  be  conducted  without  having 
at  all  times  the  ability  to  comply  promptly  with  its  obligations.  Its 
operations  necessarily  affect,  beneficially  or  otherwise,  the  private 
financial  affairs  of  all  the  people,  and  they  have  a  right  to  be  assured 
by  approx)riate  legislation  that  their  confidence  in  the  integrity  and 
power  of  the  Government  has  not  been  misplaced. 

CUEEENCY   LEGISLATION, 

The  recent  repeal  of  so  much  of  the  act  of  July  14,  1890,  as  required 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  purchase  silver  bullion  and  issue 
Treasury  notes  in  payment  for  it,  makes  such  a  radical  change  in  the 
policy  of  the  Government  respecting  the  currency  of  the  country  that, 
until  its  effects  are  more  fully  developed,  I  do  not  consider  it  advisable 
to  recommend  further  specific  legislation  upon  that  subject. 

As  already  shown  in  this  report,  the  amount  of  money  in  the  country, 
outside  of  the  Treasury,  on  the  first  day  of  Deceiuber,  1893,  was 
$112,404,947  greater  than  the  amount  outstanding  on  the  first  day  of 
November,  1892.  This  vast  increase  in  the  volume  of  outstanding  cur- 
rency, notwithstanding  the  enormous  exports  of  gold  during  the  year,  is 
the  result  of  several  causes,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  the  issue 
of  Treasury  notes  for  the  purchase  of  silver  buUiou,  the  excess  of  public 
expenditures  ov'^er  receipts,  the  additional  circulation  called  for  by  the 
national  bauks  during  the  late  financial  stringency,  and  the  large  im- 
ports of  gold,  which  amounted  during  the  months  of  July,  August, 
September,  and  October,  1893,  to  the  sum  of  $55,785,526.  That  the 
amount  of  money  in  the  country  is  greater  than  is  required  for  the 
transaction  of  the  business  of  the  people  at  this  time  is  conclusively 
shown  by  the  fact  that  it  has  accumulated,  and  is  still  accumulating, 
in  the  financial  centers  to  such  an  extent  as  to  constitute  a  serious  em- 
barrassment to  the  banks  in  which  it  is  deposited,  many  of  which  are 
holding  large  sums  at  a  loss.  This  excessive  accumulation  of  currency 
at  i^articular  points  is  caused  by  the  fact  that  there  is  no  such  demand 
for  it  elsewhere  as  will  enable  the  banks  and  other  institutions  to  which 
it  belongs  to  loan  it  to  the  people  at  remunerative  rates,  and  it  will  con- 
tinue until  the  business  of  the  country  has  more  fully  recovered  from 
the  depressing  effects  of  the  recent  financial  disturbances. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.      97 

Money  does  not  create  business,  but  business  creates  a  demand  for 
money,  and  until  there  is  such  a  revival  of  industry  and  trade  as  to 
require  the  use  of  the  circulating  medium  now  outstanding,  it  would  be 
hazardous  to  arbitrarily  increase  its  volume  by  law,  or  to  make  material 
changes  in  its  character  by  disturbing  in  any  manner  the  relations  which 
its  different  forms  now  bear  to  each  other.  In  the  meantime,  it  will  be 
the  duty  of  all  who  have  power  to  influence  the  course  of  events  or  to 
assist,  by  legislation  or  otherwise,  in  the  solution  of  the  grave  questions 
presented  by  the  altered  condition  of  our  monetary  system,  to  carefully 
consider  the  whole  subject  in  all  its  aspects,  in  order  that  it  may  be  per- 
manently disposed  of  by  the  adoption  of  a  simj)le  and  comprehensive 
system,  which  will,  as  far  as  possible,  relieve  the  Government  from  the 
onerous  obligations  now  resting  upon  it,  and  at  the  same  time  secure  for 
the  use  of  the  people  a  currency  uniform  in  value  and  adequate  in 
amount. 

The  unsatisfactory  condition  of  our  currency  legislation  has  been  for 
many  years  the  cause  of  much  discussion  and  disquietude  among  the 
people,  and  although  one  great  disturbing  element  has  been  removed, 
there  still  remain  such  iucousistencies  in  the  laws  and  such  differences 
between  the  forms  and  qualities  of  the  various  kinds  of  currency  in  use 
that  private  business  is  sometimes  obstructed  and  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment is  constantly  embarrassed  in  conducting  the  fiscal  operations  of  the 
Government.  There  are  now  in  circulation  nine  different  kinds  of  cur- 
rency, all  except  two  being  dependent  directly  or  indirectly  upon  the 
credit  of  the  United  States.  One  statute  requires  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  to  redeem  the  old  legal-tender  notes  in  coin  on  presentation, 
and  another  comi)els  him  to  reissue  them,  so  that,  no  matter  how  often 
they  are  redeemed,  they  are  never  actually  paid  and  extinguished. 
The  act  of  July  14,  1890,  provides  that  the  Treasury  notes  issued  in 
payment  for  silver  bullion  shall  be  redeemed  in  gold  or  silver  coin  at 
the  discretion  of  the  Secretary,  and  v/hen  so  redeemed  may  be  reissued ; 
but  the  same  act  also  i)rovides  that  no  greater  or  less  amount  of  such 
notes  shall  be  outstanding  at  any  time  than  the  cost  of  the  silver  bullion 
and  the  standard  silver  dollars  coined  therefrom  then  held  in  the  Treas- 
ury purchased  by  such  notes,  and  consequently,  when  these  notes  are 
redeemed  with  silver  coined  from  the  bullion  purchased  under  the  act, 
they  can  not  be  reissued,  but  must  be  retired  and  canceled,  for  other- 
wise there  would  be  a  greater  amount  of  notes  outstanding  than  the  cost 
of  the  bullion  and  coined  dollars  "then  held  in  the  Treasury."  In 
this  manner  notes  to  the  amount  of  $2,625,984  have  been  retired  and 
canceled  since  August  last,  and  standard  silver  dollars  have  taken 
their  places  in  the  circulation.  If  redeemed  in  gold  coin,  the  notes 
might  be  lawfully  retired  or  reissued  in  the  discretion  of  the  Secretary; 
but  the  condition  of  the  Treasury  has  been,  and  is  now,  such  that  prac- 
tically no  discretion  exists,  for  the  reason  that  the  necessities  of  the 
Ab.  93 7 


98      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

public  service  and  the  requirements  of  tlie  coin  reserve  comx)el  bim  to 
reissue  them  in  defraying  the  expenditures  of  the  Government  or  in  pro- 
curing coin  to  replenish  that  fund. 

One  of  the  principal  difiiculties  encountered  by  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment results  from  the  indisposition  of  the  public  to  retain  standard 
silver  dollars  and  silver  certificates  in  circulation.  It  requires  constant 
effort  upon  the  part  of  the  Treasury  officials  to  prevent  the  certificates 
especially  from  accumulating  in  the  subtreasuries  to  the  exclusion  of 
legal-tender  currency.  Why  this  should  be  the  case  is  not  easily  under- 
stood, for,  although  these  certificates  are  not  legal  tender  in  the  payment 
of  i)rivate  debts,  they  are,  by  the  acts  of  1878  and  1886,  made  receivable 
for  all  public  dues,  and  by  the  act  of  May  12, 1882,  national  banks  are 
authorized  to  hold  them  as  part  of  their  lawful  reserves.  With  the 
l^olicy  of  maintaining  equality  in  the  ex'changeable  value  of  all  our 
currency  firmly  established,  and  the  further  accumulation  of  silver 
bullion  arrested,  there  is  no  substantial  reason  why  the  silver  certifi- 
cate should  not  be  as  favorably  received  and  as  liberally  treated  by 
the  public  as  any  other  form  of  note  in  circulation ;  and,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  creating  a  greater  demand  for  their  permanent  use  in  the  daily 
transactions  of  the  people,  I  have  directed  that,  as  far  as  the  law  i)er- 
mits,  and  as  rapidly  as  the  opportunity  is  afforded,  the  amount  of  such 
certificates  of  denominations  less  than  ten  dollars  shall  be  increased  by 
substituting'  them  for  larger  ones  to  be  retired,  and  that  the  small 
denominations  of  other  kinds  of  currency  shall  be  retired  as  they  are 
received  into  the  Treasury  and  larger  ones  substituted  in  their  places. 

There  are  now  outstanding  United  States  legal- tender  notes  to  the 
amount  of  $67,944,941  in  denominations  less  than  ten  dollars;  Treasury 
notes  issued  under  the  actof  1890  of  denominations  less  than  ten  dollars, 
$64,688,489,  and  national-bank  notes,  $63,381,916.  There  is  express 
authority  in  the  act  of  August  4,  1886,  to  substitute  small  silver  certifi- 
cates for  larger  ones,  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  also  has  power  to 
make  such  changes  as  he  may  deem  proper  in  the  denominations  of  the 
Treasury  notes  issued  under  the  act  of  July  14,  1890,  but  Congress,  in 
the  sundrj"  civil  aj^propriation  act  approved  March  3,  1893,  provided 
that  no  part  of  the  money  therein  approiiriated  to  defray  the  expenses 
of  the  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing  should  be  exiDcnded  for  print- 
ing United  States  legal-tender  notes  of  larger  denominations  than  those 
retired  or  canceled.  As  the  law  now  specifically  designates  the  denomi- 
nations in  which  national-bank  notes  shall  be  issued,  they  can  not  be 
changed  without  further  legislation,  and  consequently  during  the  j)resent 
fiscal  year,  at  least,  the  664,688,489  in  small  Treasury  notes  are  the  only 
ones  that  can  be  lawfully  retired  to  enlarge  the  use  of  small  silver  cer- 
tificates. I  am  of  the  opinion  that  if  this  policy  can  be  earned  out  to 
the  extent  of  supplying  the  country  with  small  silver  certificates  to  an 
amount  suflicient  to  conduct  the  ordinary  cash  transactions  of  the 
people,  and  if^  during  the  same  time,  certificates  of  the  largest  denomi- 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  99 

nations  were  issned  in  the  places  of  others  retired,  so  as  to  encourage 
the  national  banks  to  hold  them  as  parts  of  their  lawful  reserves,  the 
existing  difficnlties  would  be  removed,  and  nltimately  a  larger  amouut- 
of  such  currency  than  is  now  in  circulation  could  be  conveniently  and 
safely  used. 

The  Treasury  now  holds  140,699,700  fine  ounces  of  silver  bullion, 
purchased  under  the  act  of  July  14,  1890,  at  a  cost  of  $126,758,218, 
and  which,  at  the  legal  ratio  of  15.988  to  1,  would  make  181,914,899 
silver  dollars.  The  act  provided  that  after  the  first  day  of  Julj^,  1891, 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  should  coin  as  much  of  the  bullion  inir- 
chased  under  it  as  might  be  necessary  to  j)rovide  for  the  redemption  of 
the  notes,  and  that  any  gain  or  seigniorage  arising  from  such  coinage 
should  be  accounted  for  and  paid  into  the  Treasury.  It  is  x)lain  from 
this,  and  other  provisions  of  the  act,  that  so  much  of  the  bullion  as  may 
be  necessary,,  when  coined,  to  i)rovide  for  the  redemption  of  the  erftire 
amount  of  notes  outstanding,  is  pledged  for  that  purj^ose,  and  can  not  be 
lawfully  used  for  any  other ;  but  it  was  decided  by  the  late  Attorney- 
General,  and  by  my  predecessor  in  office,  that  the  so-called  gain  or 
seigniorage  resulting  from  the  coinage  as  it  i^rogressed  constituted  apart 
of  the  general  assets  of  the  Treasury,  and  that  certificates  could  be  legally 
Issued  upon  it,  notwithstanding  the  act  of  1890  is  silent  upon  the  latter 
subject. 

The  coinage  of  the  whole  amount  of  this  bullion,  which  vrould  employ 
our  mints,  with  their  present  capacities,  for  a  period  of  about  five  years, 
would,  at  the  existing  ratio,  increase  the  silver  circulation  during  the 
time  named  $55,156,681  from  seigniorage,  besides  such  additions  as  might 
be  made  in  the  meantime  bj^  the  redemi)tion  of  Treasury  notes  in  standard 
silver  dollars.  In  order  that  the  Department  might  be  in  a  condition  to 
comply  promptly  with  any  increased  demand  that  may  be  made  upon  it  by 
the  public  for  standard  silver  dollars  or  silver  certificates,  or  that  it  might 
take  advantage  of  any  favorable  oi)portunity  that  may  occur  to  i^ut  an  ad- 
ditional amount  of  such  currency  in  circulation  without  unduly  disturb- 
ing the  monetary  situation,  I  have  caused  a  large  amount  of  bullion  to 
be  prepared  for  coinage  at  Xew  Orleans  and  San  Francisco,  and  have 
ordered  the  mints  at  those  places  to  be  kept  in  readiness  to  commence 
operations  at  any  time  when  required. 

REVISION  OF  THE   REVE^TJE  LAWS. 

The  necessitj^  for  a  comprehensive  revision  of  our  tariff  laws  in  the 
interests  of  greater  industrial  and  commercial  freedom  need  not  be  urged 
at  great  length  upon  the  present  Congress,  one  branch  of  which  has  been 
recently  chosen  by  the  i3eople  with  that  object  distinctly  in  view ;  nor 
would  it  be  appropriate  here  to  discuss  to  any  considerable  extent  the 
particular  alterations  that  ought  to  be  made  in  the  free  and  dutiable 
schedules  in  order  to  make  the  revision  conform  to  the  requirements  of 
the  situation,  because  the  proi)er  committee  of  the  House  of  Eepreseut- 


100     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

atives  is  engaged  in  the  preparation  of  a  measure  which  will  probably 
be  presented  for  the  consideration  of  that  bod}^  before  this  report  is  made. 
.But  it  is  not  improper,  under  the  circumstances,  to  submit  some  sug 
gestions  upon  the  general  principles  involved  in  such  legislation  and 
the  best  methods  of  applying  them,  in  order  to  secure,  as  far  as  possible, 
equality  in  the  distribution  of  the  burdens  of  taxation,  and  avoid,  as 
far  as  possible,  the  taxation  of  one  citizen  for  the  benefit  of  another,  or 
of  one  class  for  the  benefit  of  another. 

The  only  proper  purpose  for  which  taxes  can  be  levied  and  collected 
by  the  United  States  is  to  raise  revenue  for  the  support  of  the  public 
service  aud  the  payment  of  public  obligations,  and  it  follows  as  a  plain 
matter  of  justice  that  no  citizen  should  be  required  to  contribute  more 
than  his  equal  share  towards  the  accomplishment  of  these  ends.  While 
absolute  equality  is  not  attainable  under  any  system  of  taxation  that 
can*be  devised,  it  is  possible  to  correct  the  flagrant  inequalities  which 
characterize  our  existing  legislation  ;  and  in  doing  so,  it  is  the  impera- 
tive duty  of  those  who  are  charged  with  the  responsibility  of  making 
the  revision  to  select  such  subjects  for  taxation  and  prescribe  such 
methods  of  assessment  and  collection  as  will  secure  the  necessary  means 
for  the  support  of  the  Government  with  the  least  possible  injury  to  any 
part  of  the  people,  but  without  regard  to  the  groundless  apprehensions 
or  unreasonable  opposition  of  timid  or  selfish  interests. 

The  equal  distribution  of  the  burdens  of  taxation  depends  not  alone 
ui)on  the  rates  of  duty  imposed  upon  the  different  articles,  but  largely 
ujion  the  manner  in  which  the  amount  of  the  duty  is  ascertained  and 
fixed  by  the  law.  The  basis  of  the  duty  must  be  a  unit  in  some  form, 
and  the  question  whether  it  shall  be  computed  upon  the  weight,  quan- 
tity, number,  or  tliraeusions  of  the  article,  or  upon  its  a^'tual  value,  is  one 
w^hich  lies  at  the  very  foundation  of  every  proposition  to  impose  taxes, 
and  upon  its  determination  dei^ends  to  a  great  extent  ti^e  justice  or  in- 
justice of  every  revenue  measure. 

The  imposition  of  specific  or  compound  rates  of  duty  is  so  incon- 
sistent with  the  true  principles  of  just  taxation  that  nothing  but  the 
plainest  necessity  can  justify  it  in  any  case,  unless  it  be  in  a  few  excep- 
tional instances  where  all  the  articles  taxed  at  the  same  specific  rate  are 
so  nearly  equal  in  value  that  the  danger  of  unjust  discrimination  is  not 
greater  than  it  would  be  if  an  official  valuation  were  required.  It  is 
manifestly  unjust  to  compel  one  citizen  to  jxiy  the  same  amount  of  tax 
on  a  yard  of  cloth  w^orth  one  dollar  that  another  citizen  j)ays  on  a  yard 
of  cloth  worth  five  dollars.  In  such  a  case  it  is  evident  that  one  has 
been  taxed  too  much  for  the  support  of  the  Government  or  the  other 
has  been  taxed  too  little,  and  the  law  has  not  dealt  fairly  with  them  in 
a  matter  which  affects  the  equality  of  their  rights  and  duties  as  citizens. 
A  tariff  is  a  kix  upon  consumption,  and  the  condition  of  those  who 
are  compelled  by  poverty  of  means  to  purchase  and  use  the  coarser  aud 
cheaper  grades  of  goods  should  certainly  j)rotect  them  against  unjust 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     101 

discriminations,  even  if  it  does  not  entitle  them  to  some  measure  of 
exemption  from  the  exactions  of  the  Government.  Taxation  according 
to  value  does  injustice  to  no  one,  unless  the  rates  are  too  high  or  are  un- 
equally adjusted  upon  articles  of  the  same  general  character  and  utility. 
It  is  distinctly  the  American  system  of  taxation,  and  is  recognized  as 
just  and  equitable  by  the  people  in  all  the  States  in  their  laws  for  the 
assessment  and  collection  of  local  revenues  upon  the  ad  valorem  basis. 
It  is  not  probable  that  any  other  method  would  be  tolerated  in  any  State 
of  the  Union  where  the  tax  is  imposed  solely  for  the  purpose  of  raising 
revenue  with  no  incidental  or  ulterior  object  in  view  affecting  the  public 
health  or  morals ;  and  it  would  never  have  been  tolerated  in  our  Federal 
legislation,  except  in  rare  instances,  if  the  use  of  the  taxing  power  had 
been  limited  to  the  real  purpose  for  which  it  was  delegated.  As  a  means 
of  concealing  from  the  taxpayer  the  actual  proportion  which  the  charge 
upon  his  earnings  bears  to  the  value  of  the  taxed  article,  si)ecific  and 
compound  rates  have  been  for  many  years  ingeniously  employed  to  mask 
and  perpetuate  a  system  which  subordinates  the  interests  of  the  Govern- 
ment to  the  exactions  of  private  individuals  and  cori)orations  engaged 
in  particular  industries  and  trades. 

But  the  objections  urged  against  the  ad  valorem  system  of  tariff  taxa- 
tion are  not  generally  based  upon  the  proj)Osition  that  it  lacks  the 
element  of  justice  or  equality,  but  usually  upon  the  grounds  that  it  is 
difficult  of  administration,  and  that  it  furnishes  strong  inducements  for 
the  commission  of  frauds  and  j^erjuries  in  order  to  secure  false  valua- 
tions of  imi)orted  goods.  While  there  is  some  force  in  this  contention, 
I  am  not  able  to  see  how  unequal  taxation  can  be  justified  upon  the 
ground  that  the  burdens  upon  the  people  ought  to  be  increased  in  order 
that  the  labors  of  public  officials  may  be  diminished,  or  that  the  honest 
citizen  should  be  punished  in  order  to  i^revent  the  dishonest  one  from 
attempting  to  violate  the  law.  But  the  difficulties  of  administration 
have  always  been  greatly  exaggerated,  and  so  far  as  they  really  existed 
in  former  times,  have  now  been  much  diminished  by  our  increased 
facilities  for  ascertaining  market  values  in  other  countries,  and  by  the 
improved  organization  of  our  customs  service.  The  markets  of  the 
■world  have  been  brought  so  near  to  each  other  by  the  use  of  steam  and 
electricity  that,  as  to  all  staple  articles  especially,  it  is  not  now  much 
more  difficult  to  find  their  cost  or  value  abroad  than  at  home ;  and  if 
under  these  circumstances  it  shall  be  demonstrated  that  official  intelli- 
gence and  integrity  can  not  be  safely  relied  upon  for  an  honest  collec- 
tion of  the  revenues  under  the  existing  system  of  indirect  taxation,  it 
will  become  necessary  to  consider  whether  some  other  method  can  not  be 
devised  to  raise  moneys  for  the  suj)port  of  the  Government. 

So  far  as  the  Inducements  to  commit  frauds  and  perjuries  constitute 
objections,  the  slightest  examination  of  the  subject  will  show  that 
they  are  much  greater  under  the  system  of  compound  rates,  which  is 
one  of  the  most  prominent  features  of    our  existing  legislation,  than 


102     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

thej'  could  possibly  be  under  a  purely  ad  valorem  arrangement  of  duties. 
The  tariff  law  now  in  force  imposes  compound  rates  of  duty  upon  a 
great  many  important  articles  in  common  use  among  the  people,  and 
wbicli  are  largely  imported  from  abroad,  and  in  every  such  case  a  tempt- 
ing premium  is  offered  for  fraudulent  undervaluations  by  the  importer 
or  consignee.  For  instance,  on  woolen  or  worsted  cloths,  shawls  and 
certain  other  manufactures  of  wool,. worsted  or  hair  of  the  camel,  goat, 
alpaca,  or  other  animals,  valued  at  more  than  thirty  cents,  and  not 
more  than  forty  cents  -per  pound,  the  tax  per  pound  is  three  and  a  half 
times  the  duty  imposed  upon  a  pound  of  unwashed  wool  of  the  first 
class  (3SJ  cents),  and  in  addition  forty  per  cent  ad  valorem;  but  if  the 
goods  are  valued  at  more  than  forty  cents  per  pound,  the  tax  is  four 
times  the  duty  imposed  upon  a  i^ound  of  unwashed  wool  of  the  first 
class  (44  cents),  and  fifty  per  cent  ad  valorem.  Upon  an  importation 
of  one  hundred  thousand  pounds  of  such  goods  under  this  law,  an 
undervaluation  to  the  extent  of  one-half  of  one  cent  per  pound,  so  as 
to  reduce  the  appraisement  below  forty  cents  a  pound,  would  result 
in  a  clear  gain  to  the  importer  and  a  loss  to  the  revenue  of  $9,725, 
whereas,  if  the  comioound  rate  imj^osed  upon  the  first  classification 
mentioned,  exorbitant  as  it  is,  had  been  made  purely  ad  valorem  and 
applied  to  all  the  goods  of  like  character  and  description,  such  under- 
valuation would  have  resulted  in  a  gain  to  the  importer  and  a  loss  to 
the  revenue  of  only  $685,  being  a  difference  of  $9,040,  or  more  than  22 
l^er  cent  upon  the  whole  cost  of  the  importation. 

This  is  only  one  provision  out  of  a  great  number  in  the  present  law 
under  which  substantially  the  same  result  can  be  accomplished  by  a  very 
small  undervaluation  of  imported  goods;  and  it  would  seem  difQcult  to 
devise  a  scheme  better  calculated  to  encourage  frauds  upon  the  revenue 
and  make  their  prevention  or  detection  next  to  impossible. 

Eaw  and  partially  raw  materials  constitute  the  basis  of  all  our  manu- 
facturing and  mechanical  industries,  and  unless  our  indnstiial establish- 
ments can  j)rocure  them  upon  substantially  the  same  terms  as  their  com- 
petitors elsewhere  they  must  continue  to  be  seriously  impeded  in  their 
efforts  to  supply  the  home  market  with  their  finished  products,  and 
wholly  unable  to  extend  their  trade  to  other  countries,  excej)t  as  to  cer- 
tain commodities  iii  the  manufacture  of  which  they  have  peculiar  apti- 
tude or  employ  superior  machinery. 

Taxes  upon  materials  used  in  our  shops  and  factories  are  especially 
objectionable  on  account  of  the  feet  that  they  multiply  themselves  many 
times  before  the  finished  article  reaches  the  hands  of  the  consumer,  and 
thus  impose  a  burden  altogether  disproiDortionate  to  the  benefits  sup- 
posed to  be  conferred  upon  the  producer  by  the  so-called  protective 
system.  A  tax  upon  iron  and  wool  necessitates  a  still  higher  rate  upon 
all  forms  of  manufactured  iron  and  steel  and  upon  all  kinds  of  woolen 
goods;  and  these  iDrogressive  increases  in  rates  are  piled  one  upon 
another  ^t  every  stage  of  the  manufacturing  process  until  the  completed 
article  is  ready  for  sale  and  consumx)tion.     The  result  is  that  the  cost  of 


EErORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  103 

prodnction  is  made  so  great  that  our  manufacturers  can  neither  exclude 
their  foreign  competitors  from  our  own  market,  nor  share  their  trade  in 
the  markets  of  other  countries,  Tvhile  the  American  consumer  is  com- 
pelled to  reimburse  the  increased  outlay  caused  by  the  tax  with  a  x>er- 
eeutage  of  profit  added. 

If  the  world's  store  of  raw  materials  were  as  accessible  to  the  Ameri- 
can workingmau  as  it  is  to  his  competitor  in  other  manufacturing  coun- 
tries, his  superior  skill,  sobriety,  and  industrious  habits  would  enable 
him,  without  artificial  aid,  to  supply  many  parts  of  the  world  where  his 
products  are  now  never  seen  with  machinery,  implements,  and  various 
kinds  of  textile  fabrics  of  such  qualities  and  at  such  prices  as  would  ex- 
clude all  competition  and  create  a  demand  for  a  large  increase  of  our 
productive  forces.  "With  free  raw  materials  as  a  permanent  feature  of 
our  revenue  legislation,  the  demand  for  labor  would  steadily  grow  with 
the  extension  of  trade,  while  enlarged  opportunities  for  the  profitable 
investment  of  capital  would  stimulate  the  spirit  of  enterprise  among  our 
people  and  greatly  diminish  the  danger  of  periodical  suspensions,  lock- 
outs^ and  strikes,  which  have  in  recent  years  so  seriously  interrupted 
our  industrial  progress. 

K^early  allied  to  the  policy  of  free  raw  materials  is  that  of  cheapening 
the  necessaries  of  life  for  the  masses  of  the  people.  Legislation  which 
unnecessarily  increases  the  cost  of  living  is  wholly  without  justification 
or  excuse,  and  in  the  revision  of  our  revenue  lavv'S  this  objectionable 
]X>lic3'  should  be  wholly  discarded  in  the  interest  of  both  labor  and 
capital.  So  long  as  the  Government  maintains  a  system  of  taxation 
which  affects  the  prices  of  commodities  in  the  markets,  it  should  be  so 
applied  as  to  exempt,  or  bear  as  lightly  as  possible  ui^on,  those  articles 
which  are  essential  to  the  health  and  comfort  of  the  iDcople,  such  as 
food,  clothing,  and  shelter,  and  upon  the  tools  and  implements  of  trade 
employed  by  labor  in  earning  the  means  of  subsistence.  Luxuries  and 
articles  of  taste  and  fashion,  the  use  of  which  is  entirely  voluntary,  are 
proper  subjects  of  taxation  under  aoay  system  of  raising  revenue,  and 
upon  these  the  rates  may  very  properly  be  placed  at  the  highest  reve- 
nue iDoint.  Such  taxes  do  not  ordinarily  impose  much  hardshij)  upon 
those  who  pay  them,  but  taxes  which  diminish  the  purchasing  power  of 
the  laborer's  wages  in  procuring  the  necessaries  of  life  strike  at  the 
foundations  of  the  social  system,  because  the  material  welfare  of  all  our 
communities  depends  in  a  larg-e  measure  upon  the  prosperity  and  con- 
tentment of  those  who  labor  in  some  form  for  their  own  support. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  revenues  for  the  fiscal  year  1895  will  amount, 
upon  the  basis  of  existing  laws,  to  8454,427,718,  and  that  the  expendi- 
tures, excluding  the  sinking  fund,  will  amount  to  •$448,303,780.  The 
estimated  revenue  from  customs  is  $190,000,000,  and  the  total  estimated 
receipts  from  all  sources  will  exceed  the  estimate  of  expenditures 
$6,120,958.  Assuming  these  amounts  to  be  approximately  correct,  it 
will  be  necessary  in  any  changes  that  may  be  made  in  our  revenue  laws 


104     REPORT  OF  TEE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

to  provide  for  raising  about  $184,000,000  from  customs  alone,  or  paxtly 
from  customs  and  partly  from  such  other  subjects  of  taxation  as  Con- 
gress may  see  proi)er  to  include  in  our  internal-revenue  system. 

If  the  amount  and  value  of  the  importations  of  the  same  character  of 
dutiable  merchandise  should  not,  during  the  fiscal  year  1895,  exceed  the 
amount  and  value  of  such  importations  during  the  fiscal  year  1893,  the 
receipts  under  the  measure  now  i^ending  would  be  about  $122,000,000,  but 
there  are  strong  reasons  for  the  opinion  that  the  x^rojiosed  reductions  in 
the  rates  of  duty  will  encourage  importations  to  a  very  considerable 
extent,  and  that,  consequently,  the  revenue  will  not  be  diminished  in 
the  same  proportion  as  the  rates  are  reduced.  Moreover,  experience 
has  shown  that  under  all  our  tariff  legislation  there  has  been  an  almost 
constant  tendency  towards  annual  increases  in  the  amounts  and  values 
of  dutiable  imports,  even  though  the  rates  of  duty  remained  the  same. 

The  total  value  of  dutiable  imports  in  1SG8  was  $329,661,302,  and  the 
receipts  were  $164,461,599,  and  although  tea,  coffee,  and  hides,  inii)or- 
tant  revenue  articles,  were  all  subsequently  placed  uj)on  the  free  list 
and  some  other  changes  made  in  the  law,  the  value  of  dutiable  imports 
had  increased  to  $493,916,384  in  1883  and  the  receipts  amounted  to 
$214,706,496.  In  the  year  1884,  the  first  after  the  passage  of  the  tariff 
act  of  March  3,  1883,  the  value  of  dutiable  imports  was  $456,295,124,  and 
the  receipts  $195,067,489,  but  in  1890,  the  last  fall  year  under  that  act, 
the  value  was  $507,571,764  and  the  receipts  $229,668,584.  There  have 
been  but  two  entire  fiscal  years  since  the  act  of  October  6,  1890,  and  dur- 
ing the  first  one,  1892,  the  value  of  dutiable  imports  was  $355,526,741, 
and  the  receipts  $177,452,964,  while  in  1893  the  value  w^as  $400,282,519, 
and  the  receipts  $202,355,016,  or  an  increase  of  nearly  15  per  cent. 

To  what  extent  the  importations  will  be  increased  solely  on  account 
of  reductions  in  the  rates  of  duty  it  is  of  course  impossible  to  foresee, 
but  it  is  reasonable  to  conclude  that  this  cause,  together  with  the 
natural  increase  of  our  jiurchases  from  other  countries,  will  result  in  a 
much  larger  revenue  from  customs  in  1895  than  is  indicated  by  a  mere 
comparison  of  proposed  reduced  rates  with  those  under  which  the  col- 
lections were  made  in  1893. 

I  am  of  the  opinion  that  with  proper  economy  in  public  expenditures, 
wiiich  it  is  hoped  will  result  in  a  considerable  reduction  from  the  esti- 
mates, an  increase  of  $50,000,000  to  the  revenue  for  the  fiscal  year  1895, 
by  the  imposition  of  additional  taxes  under  the  internal-revenue  system, 
will  supply  sufficient  means  for  the  supi)ort  of  the  Government,  and 
that  this  sum  can  be  raised  without  seriously  disturbing  the  business  of 
the  country  or  doing  injustice  to  any  part  of  the  people.  Many  different 
methods' of  providing  this  additional  revenue  have  been  suggested  and 
discussed,  and  after  a  careful  examination  of  the  w^hole  subject  I  have 
reached  the  conclusion  that  it  can  be  most  conveniently  and  justly  raised 
by  increasing  the  tax  on  distilled  spirits  10  cents  per  gallon,  and  by 
additional  taxes  on  cigars  and  cigarettes,  and  the  imposition  of  new 
taxes  on  playing  cards,  cosmetics,  and  perfumeries,  legacies,  and  sue- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     105 

cessions,  and  incomes  derived  from  investments  in  stocks  and  bonds  of 
corporations  and  joint  stock  companies. 

The  increased  tax  on  distilled  spirits,  cigars,  and  cigarettes  should  be 
imposed  upon  all  such  articles  in  existence  and  upon  which  the  revenue 
has  not  been  collected,  at  the  time  the  act  takes  effect,  but  a  reasonable 
time  should  be  allowed  in  the  cases  of  the  new  taxes  in  order  that  the 
necessary  stamps  may  be  prepared  and  distributed,  and  the  necessary 
rules  and  regulations  made  and  promulgated.  The  pro^Driety,  under 
the  circumstances,  of  increasing  taxes  uj^on  distilled  spirits,  cigars,  and 
cigarettes,  and  the  imposition  of  new  taxes  at  a  reasonable  rate  upon 
playing  cards  and  cosmetics  and  perfumeries,  will  not,  I  think,  be  se- 
riously questioned,  except  by  some  of  the  producers  of  these  articles, 
who  constitute  comparatively  a  small  part  of  the  peoi^le.  Taxes  which 
directly  or  indirectly  increase  the  cost  of  the  actual  necessaries  of  life 
should  be  avoided  whenever  it  is  possible  to  do  so,  but  the  consumers  of 
such  articles  as  are  not  essential  to  health  and  comfort  ought  not  to  com- 
plain when  called  upon  to  contribute  a  part  of  their  voluntary  expendi- 
tures to  the  sux)x>ort  of  the  Government.  Taxes  ujDon  legacies  and  suc- 
cessions and  incomes  acquired  from  investments  in  stocks  and  bonds  of 
corporations  and  joint  stock  companies  are  less  objectionable  in  their 
nature  and  in  the  methods  of  collection  than  any  other  excises  which  it 
is  competent  for  the  United  States  to  impose  upon  incomes  according 
to  their  actual  value  or  amount.  They  are  not  inquisitorial  nor  liable 
to  evasion  by  the  fraudulent  suppression  of  facts,  because  the  assess- 
ments or  returns  need  not  be  based  upon  information  extorted  by  the 
law  from  the  persons  charged  with  their  iDayment,  but  upon  the  pub- 
lie  records  and  the  regular  and  authentic  accounts  of  the  corporations 
and  companies  in  which  the  investments  have  been  made ;  and  they 
have  the  additional  merit  of  being  imj)osed  entirely  upon  that  part  of 
the  citizen's  income  which  is  not  earned  by  his  labor  or  skill,  but  which, 
in  the  cases  of  legacies  and  successions,  is  acquired  by  mere  operation 
of  law  or  by  gratuitous  bequest,  and  in  the  case  of  incomes  from  invest- 
ments in  corporations  and  joint  stock  companies,  by  the  simple  earning 
cai^acity  of  his  capital  as  such,  without  personal  effort  uijon  his  part. 

When  the  necessities  of  the  Government  compel  it  to  resort  to  addi- 
tional sources  for  procuring  revenue,  it  is  but  fair  that  it  should  make 
its  requisitions  mainly  upon  those  wiiose  possessions  are  of  such  a  char- 
acter as  enables  them  to  escape,  wholly  or  partially,  the  general  burdens  of 
taxation,  rather  than  upon  those  who  are  already  taxed  substantially  to 
the  extent  of  their  ability  to  pay ;  and  as  incomes  from  cajjital  invested 
in  the  stocks  and  securities  of  the  institutions  mentioned  are  not  now 
subject  to  taxation  under  any  law  of  the  United  States,  or  the  laws  of 
the  several  States,  except  in  a  few  instances,  it  can  not  be  considered 
unjust  to  exact  a  small  percentage  of  their  amount  for  the  public  use. 
It  is  a  generally  recognized  fact  that  capital  in  the  form  of  money, 
bonds,  and  other  evidences  of  debt  does  not  usually,  by  reason  of  its  in- 
tangible and  transitory  nature,  bear  its  due  proportion  of  the  burdens 


106     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

of  taxation  under  tlife  revenue  laws  of  the  several  States  and  munici- 
palities, as  compared  witli  real  estate  and  visible  personal  property; 
and  while  no  discrimination  should  be  made  against  it,  whether  it  be 
represented  by  corporate  or  other  investments,  there  appears  to  be  no 
good  reason  why  the  contributions  for  the  support  of  the  public  service 
generally  should  not  be  equalized  as  nearly  as  possible  by  including 
this  kind  of  property  in  the  Federal  revenue  system. 

But  if  it  shall  be  said  that  there  is  no  better  reason  for  imposing  a  tax 
upon  incomes  derived  from  investments  of  this  kind  than  there  would 
be  in  taxing  incomes  from  other  sources,  the  answer  is  that  these  insti- 
tutions are  invested  by  law  with  valuable  franchises,  privileges,  and 
immunities  not  enjoyed  by  the  individual  citizen,  and  that  these  fre- 
quently contribute  more  largely  to  their  earning  capacity  than  the  char- 
acter or  value  of  their  other  property.  The  holders  of  their  stocks  and 
securities  are  in  this  respect  more  favored  than  their  fellow- citizens 
generally,  and  the  exchangeable  value  of  their  shares  and  bonds,  as 
well  as  the  annual  incomes  derived  from  them,  are  greatly  increased 
because  they  are  so  favored. 

A  tax  of  1  per  cent  upon  an  income  of  three  thousand  dollars  derived 
from  the  investment  of  fifty  thousand  dollars  in  a  6  per  cent  stock  would 
amount  to  thirty  dollars,  a  sum  so  insignificant  that  the  investor  could 
not  reasonably  claim  that  the  franchises  and  privileges  granted  to  his 
debtor  had  not  added  fully  that  much  to  his  receipts. 

It  is  scarcely  uecessar^^  to  suggest  to  Congress,  in  this  connection, 
that  the  present  and  prospective  condition  of  the  Treasury  and  the 
general  state  of  the  country,  demand  a  policy  of  the  strictest  economy 
in  public  expenditures  consistent  with  an  efficient  administration  of 
the  laws.  Eeductions  of  taxation  can  not  be  logically  insisted  upon,  or 
be  made  practically  beneficial,  without  a  corresponding  reduction  of 
expenditures  :  but  such  a  reduction  can  not  be  permanentl}^  effected  by 
merely  withholding  appropriations  required  for  the  proper  execution 
of  existing  laws,  which  impose  duties  upon  the  heads  of  Executive  De- 
partments and  other  public  officials.  Deficiencies  are  not  savings,  but 
as  a  general  rule  result  in  larger  exijenditures  than  would  have  been 
made  if  adequate  appropriations  had  been  granted  in  the  first  instance. 
Genuine  economy  and  frugality  can  be  secured  only  by  the  repeal  of 
statutes  authoi-izing  or  requiring  unnecessary  exi^enditures,  and  the 
refusal  to  enact  new  laws  creating  charges  against  the  Treasury  for 
purposes  of  doubtful  utility :  and  although  such  a  policy  will  probably 
be  vigorously  opposed  by  powerful  interests  more  or  less  dependent 
upon  the  patronage  of  the  Government  for  support,  and  by  local  influ- 
ences seeking  legislative  favors,  it  is  evident  that  it  must  be  adopted 
and  adhered  to  if  any  substantial  result  is  to  be  accomplished. 

J.  G.  Caelisle, 

To  the  Hon.  Chaeles  F.  Crisp,  Secretary. 

Speaker  of  the  Souse  of  Bejyresentatives. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


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Table  B. — Statement  of  Outstanding  Principal  of  the  Public  Debt  of  thb 
United  States  on  the  1st  of   January  of   each  Year  from  1791  to  1843, 

INCLUSIVE,  AND   ON  THE   IST  OF  JULY   OF   EACH  YeaR  FROM   1813  TO   1893,  INCLU- 
SIVE. 


Tear. 


Jan.  1,1791. 
1792 
1793 
1794 
1795 
179G 
1797 
1798 
1799 
1800 
1801 
1802 
1803 
1804 
1805 
1806 
1807 
1808 
1809 
1810 
1811 
1812 
1813 
18U 
1815 
181C 
1817 
1818 
1819 
1820 
1821 
1822 
1823 
1824 
1S25 
1826 
1827 
1828 
1829 
1830 
1831 
1832 
1833 
1834 
1835 
1836 
1837 
1838 
1839 
1840 
1841 
1842 


Amount. 


$75, 
77, 
80 
78 
80 
83 
82, 
79 
78 
82, 
83 


82, 
75, 
69, 
65, 
57 
53 
48, 
45 
55 
81 
99 
127 
123 
103 
95 
91 
89 
93 
90 
90 
83 
81 
73 
67 
58 
48 
39 
24, 
7, 
4 


,  463, 476. 
,  227, 924. 
,  358,  034. 
,  427,  404. 
,  747,  587. 
,  762, 172. 
,  064,  479. 
,  228,  529. 
,  408,  009. 
,  976,  294. 
,  038,  050. 
,  712,  632. 
,  054,  686. 
,427,120. 
,3]  2, 150. 
I,  723, 270. 
,218,398. 
,  1,96,  317. 
,  023, 192. 
,  173,  217. 
,,  005,  587. 
,  209,  737. 
,  962,  827. 
,  487, 846. 
,  833,  660. 
,  334, 933. 
,  491,  965. 
,  466,  633. 
,  529, 648. 
,  015,  566. 
,  987,  427. 

546,  676. 
,  875,  877. 
,  269,  777. 
,  788, 432. 
,  054,  059. 
,  987, 357. 
,  475,  043. 
,421,413. 
,  565, 406. 
,  123. 191. 
,  322, 235. 
,001,098. 
,  760, 082. 
33,  733. 
37,  513. 

336,  957. 

308, 124. 

434,221. 

573, 343. 

250,  875. 

594, 480. 


Tear. 


Jan.  1,1843 
July  1,1843 

1844 
1845 
1846, 
1847, 
1848, 
1849 
1850 
1851 
1852 
1853 
1854 
1855 
1856 
1857 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1801 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
186G 
1867 
1868 
1809 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1990 
1891 
1802 
1893 


Amount. 


$20 

201, 

32 

742, 

23 

401, 

15 

925, 

15 

550, 

38 

820, 

47 

044, 

63 

061, 

63 

452, 

68 

304, 

60 

199, 

59 

803, 

42 

242 

35 

,586, 

31 

932, 

28 

699, 

44 

911, 

58 

496, 

64 

842, 

90 

580, 

524 

176, 

119 

772, 

815 

784, 

680 

647, 

773 

236, 

678 

126, 

611 

687, 

588 

452, 

480 

672. 

353 

211, 

253 

251, 

234 

482. 

251 

690, 

232 

28-1, 

180 

395, 

205 

301, 

256 

205, 

349 

567, 

120 

415, 

069 

013, 

918 

312, 

884 

171, 

830 

528. 

876 

424, 

756 

445, 

688 

229, 

705 

992, 

640 

673, 

585 

821, 

560 

472, 

628 

840, 

598 

111, 

226. 27 
922. 00 
652. 50 
303.  01 
202. 97 

534. 77 
802. 23 
858.  69 
773. 55 

796. 02 
341.71 
117.  70 

222. 42 
956.  56 
537. 90 
831,85 
881.03 
837. 88 
287. 88 
873. 72 

412. 13 
138. 63 

370. 57 
869. 74 
173.  69 
103. 87 

851. 19 
213.94 
427. 81 
332.  32 

328. 78 

993. 20 

468. 43 
531. 95 
067. 15 
392. 10 
892.  53 
482. 04 
370. 63 
509.  58 

994. 03 
728.  07 
923.  57 

275. 14 
205.  78 
591.  03 

320. 58 
340. 23 
048.  73 
784. 61 
151. 63 
156. 13 


principal  of  the  public  debt  are  included  the  certifi- 
lune,  issued  under  act  of  June  8, 1872.  lor  -nbich  alike 


*In  the  amount  here  stated  as  the  outstanding.  ,  ^  , 

cates  of  deposit  outstanding  on  the  30th  of  June,  issued  under  act  of  June  8, 1872.  for  ■nbich  alike 
amount  in  United  States  notes  was  on  special  deposit  in  the  Treasury  for  their  redemption,  and  added 
to  the  cash  balance  in  the  Treasury.  These  cortiiicates,  as  a  matter  of  accounts,  are  treated  as  a  part 
of  the  public  debt,  but  being  offset  bj'  notes  held  on  deposit  for  their  redemption,  -should  properly  be 
deducted  from  the  principal  of  the  public  debt  in  making  comparisou  with  former  years. 

t  Exclusive  of  gold,  silver,  currency  certificates,  and  Treasury  notes  of  1890,  held  in  the  Treasurer's 
cash,  and  including  $04  623, 512  bonds  issued  to  the  several  Pacific  railroads. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


117 


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118 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


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REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


119 


Table  D. — Statement  of  the  Issxje  and  Redemption  of  Loans  and  Treasury 
Notes  (by  warrants)  for  the  Fiscal  Year  ended  June  30,  1893. 


Issues. 


JRedeniT)tion9. 


Excess  of 
issues. 


Exees<<  of 
redem]\tious. 


Loau  of  July  and  Aug.,  1861,  acts  of 

July  17  aud  Aug.5,  1861 

Five-twenties  of  1S(>2,  act  of  Feb.  25, 


18G2 


Fivc-twcuties  of  1804,  act  of  June  30, 
1864. 


Legal-tender  notes,  acts  of  Feb.  25 
and  July  11, 1S62,  Jan.  7  and  Mar. 
S,  18C3..' 

Gold  certificates,  acts  of  Mar.  3, 1863, 
and  July  12, 1882 

One-year  notes  of  1863,  act  of  Mar.  3, 
33 


1863 


T^o-ycar  notes  of  1863,  act  of  Mar. 
3,1863 

Conipcund-interest    notes,    acts    of 

Mar.  3, 1863,  and  June  30,  1864 

BountT-land  scrip,   act  of   Feb.  11, 

1817" 


$91, 116, 000. 00 
13,  070, 000.  GO 


Loan  of  1803,  acts  of  Mar.  3,  1863,  and 
June  30, 1804 

Ten-forties  of  1864,  act  of  Mar.  3, 1864. 

Seven-thirties  of  1804  and  1865,  acts 
of  Juno  30, 18C4,  and  Mar.  3, 1805 

Scven-tblrties  of  1861,  act  July  17, 


1861. 


Loan  of  Feb.,  1861,  act  Feb.  8, 1801 . . . .  | 
Certificates  of  indebtedness,  acts  of  i 

Mar.  1, 17, 1862,  and  Mar.  3, 1863 ! 

Consols  of  1865,  act  or  Mar.  3, 1865 

Consols  of  1867.  act  of  Mar.  S,  1865. . . 
Consols  of  18C8,  act  of  Mar.  3, 1865. . . 
Funded  loan  of  1881,  acts  of  Julj- 14, 

1870,  and  Jan.  20, 1871,  and  Jan.  14, 


187 


Certificates  of  deposit,  act  of  June 
8,1872 

Silvercertifieates,  act  of  Feb.  28, 1878. 

Kefunding  certificates,  act  of  Feb. 

26,1879 

Loan  of  1882,  act  of  July  12, 1882 

Fractional  currency,  acts  of  Julv  17, 

1862,  Mar.  3, 18S3,  and  June  30.'l8>'U- 
Funded  loan  of  1891,  acts  July  14, 

1870.  Jan.  21, 1871,  and  Jan.  14, 1875. . 
Funded  loan  of  1907,  acts  Julv  14, 

1S70,  -Jan.  20, 1871,  and  Jan.  14, 1875. . 
Treasury  notes  of  1890,  act  of  Julv  14, 

1890..; ;.... 

Eedeiuption  of  n.ational-bank  notes, 
act  July  14, 1890 


42,  695, 000.  00 
109, 972,  OOC.  00 


Total . 


Excess  of  issties 

Exce&s  of  redemptions 


Net  excc.-.s  of  redemptions  cliarged 
in  receipts  and  expenditures 


22,  900.  00 

87,  238, 100.  00 

2,  937,  580.  00 


347,  051, 586.  00 


$9,  600.  00 
26,  200.  00 
16,  000.  00 

91,110,000.00 

75,  627, 740.  00 

430.00 

200.  00 

1,  760.  00 

25.00 

1,  000. 00 
500.  00 

1,  050.  00 

100. 00 
1,000.00 

1,  000.  00 

6,  GOO.  00 

11, 700.  00 

25, 100.  00 

1,  000. 00 

60,  650, 000. 00 
110,  628,  800. 00 

15, 130. 00 
76,  850. 00 

2,  958. 00 
511,  700.  00 


41,  759,  950.  00 
9,  037,  651.  50 


389, 530, 044. 50 


$22, 900.  00 
45,  478, 156.  00 


45, 501, 056.  00 


$9,  COO.  00 
26,  200.  00 
16,  000. 00 


62, 557, 740.  CO 

430.00 

200. 00 

1,  760. 00 

25.00 

1, 000. 00 
500. 00 

1, 050. 00 

100.00 
1, 000. 00 

1,  000. 00 
6,  600.  00 

11, 700.  on 

25, 100. 00 

1,000.00 

17,  955, 000. 00 
656,  800. 00 

15, 130. 00 
76,  850.  00 

2,  958.  00 
511, 7C0.  00 


6,100,071.50 


87,  979,  514.  50 


45,501,0.56.00 
87, 979,  514.  50 


42,  478, 458.  50 


120 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


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KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY, 


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128 


EEPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


Table  H. — Statejient  Showing  the  Amounts  of  Money  in  the  United  States, 
IN  the  Tkeasury  and  in  Circulation,  on  the  Dates  specified, 

JULY  1,  18G0. 
[Population,  31,443,321;  circulation  per  capita,  $13.85.] 


General  stock 

coined  or 

issued. 


In  Treasury. 


Amount  in 
circulation. 


Specie 

State-bank  notes 


$235,  000, 000 
207, 102,  477 


442, 102,  477 


$6,  695,  225 


6,  C95,  225 


$228,  304,  775 
207, 102, 477 


435,  407, 252 


JULY  1,  18G1. 
[Population,  32,064,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $13.98.] 


Specie 

State-bank  notes . 


$250,  000,  000 
202,  005,  767 


452,  005,  767 


$3,  COO,  000 


3,  600, 000 


$246,  400,  COO 
202, 005,  767 


448, 405,  767 


JULY  1,  1862. 
[Population,  32,704,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $10.23.] 


State-bank  notes  . . . 
Unitoil  States  notes 
Demand  notes 


Add:  Specie  in  circulation  on  the  Pacific  coast. 


$183, 792,  079 
96,  620,  000 
53,  040,  000 


333,  452,  079 


$23, 754,  335 


23, 754, 335 


$183, 792,  079 
72,  865,  665 
53,  040, 000 


309,  697.  744 
25,  000,  000 


334,  697,  744 


JULY  1,  1863. 
[Population,  33,365,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $17.84. 


Fractional  currency 

State-bank  notes 

United  States  notes  . 
Demand  notes 


Add:  Specie  in  circulation  on  the  Pacific  coast 


$20, 192, 456 

238,  677, 218 

387, 646,  589 

3,  351,  020 


649,  867, 283 


$4,  308, 074 
'75,"iG5'i7i 


79, 473,  245 


$15,  884,  382 

238,677,218 

312,481,418 

3, 351,  020 


570,  394,  038 
25,  000, 000 


595, 394,  033 


JULY  1,  1864. 
[Population,  34,046,000 ;  circulation  per  capita,  $19.67.] 


Fractional  currency. 

State- bank  notes 

United  Slates  notes. 
National-bank  notes 


Add :  Specie  in  circulation  on  the  Pacific  coast 


$22,  894,  877 

179,157,717 

447,  300,  203 

31,  235,  270 


680,  588, 007 


$3,  762, 376 


32, 184, 213 


35, 946, 589 


$19, 132,  501 

179, 157,  717 

415, 115,  990 

31,  235, 270 


644,641,478 
25,  000,  000 

669,641,473 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  TREASURY. 


129 


Table  H. — Statkment  Showing  the  Amounts  of  Money  in  the  United  States, 
IN  THE  Treasury  and  in  Circulation,  on  the  Dates  specified — Continued. 

JULY  1, 1865. 
[Population,  34,748,000 ;  circulation  per  capita,  $20.57.] 


General  stock 

coined  or 

issued. 


In  Treasury. 


Amount  in 
circulation. 


Fractional  cnrrenoy. 

State-bank  notes 

United  States  notes. 
National-bank  notes  , 


$25,  005,  829 
142,  919,  638 
431.066,428 
146, 137,  800 


$3, 277,  074 


52, 149, 686 


Add:  Specie  in  circulation  on  the  Pacific  coast. 


745, 129, 755 


55, 426, 760 


$21,  728, 755 
142,  919,  638 
378,  916,  742 
146, 137,  800 


689,  702,  995 
25,  000,  000 


714, 702, 995 


JULY  1, 1866. 
[Population,  35,469,000 ;  circulation  per  capita,  $18.99.] 


State-bank  noten 

Fractional  currency.. 
United  State.s  note's-. 
Kational-bank  notes  . 


Add :  Specie  in  circulation  on  the  Pacific  coast . 


$19,  996, 163 

27,  070,  877 
400,  780,  306 
281,479,908 


729,  327, 254 


$2,  383,  814 

72,  9S8,  001 

5,  467, 195 


80,  839,  010 


$19,  996, 163 

24,  687,  063 
327,  792,  3u5 
270,012,713 

648,  488,  244 

25,  000,  000 


673, 488,  244 


JULY  1,  1867. 
[Population,  36,211,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $18,28.] 


State-bank  notes 

Fractional  currency. 
United  States  notes . 
National-bank  notes. 


Add:  Specie  in  circulation  on  the  Pacific  coast 


$4,  484, 112 

28,  307,  524 

371,  783, 597 

298,  625,  379 


$2,  001,  230 
52,  345,  805 
11,  861,  4l8 


703,  200,  612 


66, 208,  543 


$4,484,112 

26,  306,  294 

319,  437,  702 

286,  703,  961 


636,  992,  069 
25, 000,  000 


661,  992,  069 


JULY  1,  1868. 
[Popiilation,  36,973,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $18.39.] 


State-bank  notes 

Fractional  currency. 
United  States  notes . 
National-bank  notes. 


Add :  Specie  in  circulation  on  tbe  Pacific  coast . 


$3, 163,  771 

32,  626,  952 

356,  000,  000 

299,  702, 855 


691,  553,  578 


$3,  627,  600 

27,  428,  335 

5,  393, 982 


36, 449,  917 


$3, 163,  771 

28, 990,  352 

328,  571,  C65 

294,  368,  873 


655, 103,  661 
25, 000,  000 


680, 103,  661 


JULY  1,  1869. 
[Population,  37,756,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $17.60.] 


State-bank  notes 

Fractional  currency. 
United  States  notes  . 
National-bank  notes 


Add :  Specie  in  circulation  on  the  Pacific  coast . 


$2,  558,  874 

32.114,637 

355,  935, 194 

299, 742,  475 


690,  351, 180 


$1,  672,  398 
41,  233, 100 
7,  992,  791 


50,  898, 289 


Ab.  93- 


$2,  558,  874 

30,  442,  239 

314,  702, 094 

291,  749,  684 


639,  452,  891 
25,  000,  000 


664, 452,  891 


IdU     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Tap.lr  H. — Statejient  showing  the  Amounts  of  Monet  in  the  United  States, 

IN  THE  TKEASURY  AND  IN   CIRCULATION,  ON  THE   DATES   SPECIFIED — Continued. 

JULY  1,  1870. 
[Population,  38,55o,371;  circulation  per  capita,  $17.50.] 


General  stock 

coined  or 

issued. 


In  Treasury. 


Amount  in 
circulation. 


Stale-bank  notes 

Fractional  currency. 
United  States  notes. 
Natioual-ljank  notes 


Add:  Specie  in  circulation  on  the  Pacific  coast. 


$2,  222,  793 

39,  878,  G84 

35G,  000,  000 

209,  760,  984 


697,  868,  461 


$5,  im,  402 
31,  037, 362 
11, 118,  903 


47,  655, 667 


$2, 222, 793 

34, 379,  282 

324,  962,  638 

288,  648,  081 


650,  212,  79,' 
25,  000,  OOC 


675,  212, 794 


JULY  1,  1871. 
[Population,  39,555,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $18.10.] 


1,  968,  058 

40,  582,  875 

356,  000,  000 

318,261,241 

1,  968, 058 
34  446  3('5 

6, 136,  570 

12,931,030 

6,  855,  569 

343  068  070 

311  405  872 

710,  812, 174 

25,  923, 169 

690,  880,  005 
25,  000  000 

715,  889,  005 

JULY  1.  1872. 
[Population,  40,596,000 ;  circulation  per  capita,  $18.19.] 


State-bank  notes 

Practioiial  currency . 
United  States  note's  . 
National-bank  notes. 


Add:  Specie  in  circulation  on  the  Pacific  coast  , 


1,  700, 935 
40,  855, 835 
357,  500,  000 
337,  664,  795 


4,  452,  906 
H,  331,  320 
8,  627,  790 


737, 721,  565 


24, 412,  016 


1,  700, 935 

36,  402.  929 

346, 168.  C80 

329,  037,  005 


713,  309,  549 
25,  000, 000 


738, 309,  549 


JULY  1,  1873. 
[Population,  41,677,000 ;  circulation  per  capita,  $18.04.1 


State-bank  notes 

1, 379, 184 
44,  799,  365 
350,  000,  000 
347, 267, 061 

1,379,184 

38.  076,  005 

348,  464.  145 

338  96"  475 

6,  723, 360 
7, 535,  855 
8,  304,  586 

Add:  Specie  in  circulation  on  the  Pacific  coast 

749, 445,  GIO 

22,563,801 

726,  881,  809 
25  000  000 

' 

751,  881, 809 

JULY  1,  1874. 
[Population,  42,796,000 ;  circulation  per  capita,  $18.13.] 


State-bank  notes 

Fractional  currency. 
United  States  notes  . 
National-bank  notes. 


Add :  Specie  in  circulation  on  the  Pacific  coast 


1, 162,  453 

45,  881,  296 

382,  000,  000 

351,  981,  032 


781,034,781 


7, 647,  714 
10,  578,  548 
11,715.488 


29,  &41, 750 


1,162,463 

38,  2:t3,  582 

371, 421, -1.52 

340,  205,  544 


751, 083,  031 
25,  000,  000 

776,  083,  031 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


131 


Table  H. — Statejient  snow-ixG  the  Amoukts  of  Money  in  the  United  States, 
IN  ti£e  Treasury  akc  in  Circulation,  on  the  Dates  specified — Continued. 

JULY  1,  1875. 
[Population,  43,051,000;   circulation  per  capita,  $17.16.] 


General  stock 

coined  or 

issued. 


In  Treasury. 


Amount  in 
circulation. 


State-ban  Ic  notes 

Fractional  currency  . 
United  States  notes.. 
Natiiinal-bank  notes . 


Add:  Specie  in  circulation  on  the  Pacific  coast. 


S9G4, 497 

42, 129,  424 

375,  771,  580 

354, 408,  008 


773,  273, 509 


$4, 224, 854 
26, 085,  215 
13,  861,  463 


44, 171,  502 


$964, 497 
37,  904,  570 
349,  G86.  335 
340,  546.  545 


729,101,947 
25. 000,  000 


754,101,947 


JULY  1,  1876. 
[Population,  45,137,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $16.12.] 


State-bank  notes 

Subsidiary  silver 

Fractional  curi'ency 
United  States  notes. 
National-bank  notes 


Add :  Specie  in  circulation  on  the  Pacific  coast. 


1,  047,  335 

27,  418,  734 

34,  44G,  595 

369,  772,  284 

332,  998,  336 


7G5,  683, 284 


G,  363,  606 

1,  507, 750 

38,  324,  900 

16,  877,  G34 


63, 073,  896 


1,  047,  335 

21, 055, 128 

32,  9.:;8,  845 

331,447,378 

316,  120,702 


702,  609,  388 
25,  000,  COO 


727,  609, 388 


The  amount  of  subsidiary  silver  in  circulation,  according  to  the  records  of  tho  Department,  was 
$26,055,128,  but  for  the  sake  of  uniformity  .$5,000,000  of  this  amount  is  deducted  and  stated  as  a  part  of 
the  specie  in  circulation  on  the  Pacific  coast  as  heretofore. 

JULY  1,  1877. 

[Population,  40,353,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $15.58.] 


Subsidiary  silver 

Fractional  currency. 
United  States  notes  . 
National-bank  notes. 


Add :  Specie  in  circulation  on  the  Pacific  coast 


40,  837,  506 

20, 403, 137 

359, 764, 332 

317,  048,  872 


738,  053,  847 


2,  952,  653 

161,  476 

21,  804,  988 

15,  759,  847 


40, 738, 964 


37,  884,  853 

20,241,061 

337,  899,  344 

301,  289,  025 


697,  314,  883 
25, 000,  000 


722, 314, 833 


JULY  ],  1878. 
[Population,  47,598,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $15.32.] 


Standard  silver  dollars,  including  bullion,  in  Treasury. 

16,269,079 

GO,  778,  828 
1,462,600 

16,  547, 769 
340, 681,  016 
324,  514,  284 

15,  059,  828 

6,  860,  506 

1, 455,  520 

180,  044 

25,  775,  121 

.12,789,923 

1, 209,  251 
53  918  32'' 

7  080 

Fractional  currency 

16,  367,  725 
320  9  15  S<>5 

United  States  notes 

National-bank  notes 

311  721  3ul 

Add :  Specie  in  circulation  on  the  Pacific  coast 

766,  253, 57G 

62, 120, 942 

704,13J.C34 
25  000  000 

729, 132,  634 

132 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETxVRY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


Table  H. — Statement  showing  the  Amounts  of  Money  in  the  United  States, 
IN  THE  Treasury  and  in  Circulation,  on  the  Dates  specified — Continued. 

JULY  1,  1879. 
[Population,  48,806,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $16.75.] 


General  stock 

coined  or 

issued. 


In  Treasury. 


Amount  in 
circulation. 


Gold  coin,  iacluding  bullion  in  Treasury 

Standard  silver  dollars,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Sub.'^idiary  silver , 

Gold  certificates 

Silver  certificates 

United  States  notes 

National-bank  notes 


.$245,  741,  837 

41,  276,  356 

70,  249,  985 

15,  413,  700 

2,  466,  950 

346,681,016 

329,  091,  697 


$135, 
33, 


236, 475 
239,  917 
903,  401 
133,  880 
052, 470 
030,  904 
286, 701 


1, 051,  521,  541 


232,  889,  748 


$110, 


301, 
321, 


505, 362 
036, 439 
346,  584 
279,  820 
414,  480 
044, 112 
404,  996 


818, 631, 793 


JULY  1,  1880. 
[Poijulation,  50,155,783;  circulation  per  capita,  $19.41.] 


Gold  coin,  includinff  bullion  in  Treasury 

Standard  silver  dollars,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Subsidiary  silver 

Gold  certifioates 

Silver  certificates 

United  States  notes 

National-bank  notes    


$.351,841,206 

C9,  660, 408 

72,  862.  270 

8,001,600 

12,  374,  270 

346,  681,  016 

344,  505,  427 


1,  205,  929, 197 


$126, 
49, 
24, 

6, 
18, 

7, 


145, 427 
549, 851 
350,  482 
40,  700 
584,  701 
785,  559 
090,  249 


232,  546, 969 


$225,  695,  779 

20,110,557 

48,  511, 788 

7,  903,  900 

5, 789,  509 

327,  895,  457 

337,  415, 178 


973, 382,  228 


JULY  1,  1881. 
[Population,  51,316,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $21.71.] 


Gold  coin,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Standard  silver  dollars,  including  bullion  in  Treasury. 

Subsidiary  silver 

Gold  certificates 

Silver  cert ificutes 

United  States  notes 

National-bank  notes 


$478,  484,  538 

95,  297,  083 

74,  087, 061 

5,  782,  920 

51, 166,  530 

346,681,016 

355,  042,  675 


1, 406,  541,  823 


$163, 171,  661 
65,  954,  671 
27,  247,  697 
23, 400 
12,  055,  801 
18, 554, 092 
5, 296, 382 


292, 303,  704 


$315, 312, 877 

29,  342, 412 

46,  839,  304 

5,  759,  520 

39,110,729 

328, 120,  924 

349,  746,  293 


1, 114,  238, 119 


JULY  1,  1882. 
[Populjition,  52,495,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $22.37.] 


Gold  coin,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Standard  silver  dollars,  including  buUion'in  Treasury 

Sub.sidiary  silver 

Gold  certificates 

Silver  certiticatos 

United  States  notes 

National-bank  notes 


$506,  757,  715 

122,  788,  544 

74,  428,  580 

5,037,120 

66,090,710 

340,081,016 

358,  742, 034 


1, 480, 531, 719 


$148,  500,  390 
90,  384,  724 
28, 048,  631 
8,100 
11,  590,  620 
21,  425,  589 
6,  277,  246 


306,  241,  300 


$358,  251,  325 

32,  403, 820 

46,  3"'9, 949 

5,  029,  020 

54,  506, 090 

325, 255, 427 

352,  464,  788 


1, 174, 290, 419 


JULY  1, 1883. 
[Population,  53,693,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $22.91.] 


Gold  coin,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Standard  silver  dollars,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Subsidiary  silver 

Gold  certificates 

Silver  certificates 

United  States  notes 

National-bank  notes 


$542,  732, 063 

152,047,685 

74,900,300 

82,  378,  640 

88,  610,  831 

346,  081,  016 

356,  073, 281 


1,  643, 489, 816 


$198, 078, 568 
116.  396,  235 
28,  486,  001 

22,  571,  270 
15,  996, 145 

23,  438,  839 
8,  217,  002 


413, 184, 120 


$344,  653, 495 
35,651,450 
46,  474,  299 
59,  807,  370 
72, 620,  686 
323, 242, 177 
347,  856,  219 


1, 230, 305,  696 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


133 


Table  H. — Statements  showing  the  Amounts  of  Money  in  the  United  States, 
IN  the  Treasury  and  in  Circulation,  on  the  Dates  specieied— Continued. 


JULY  1,  1884. 
[Population,  54,911,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $22.65.] 


General  stock 
coined  or 
issued. 

In  Treasury. 

Amount  in 
circulation. 

$545,  500,  797 
180,  306,  614 
75,  201,  528 
98,  392,  660 
119,811,691 
346,  681, 016 
339, 499,  883 

$204,  876,  594 
139,  616, 414 . 
29,  60'J,  720 
27,  246,  020 
23,  384,  680 
27,  993,  802 
8  809  990 

$340  624  ''03 

Standard  silver  dollars,  including  bullion  in  Treasury. 

40,  690,  200 
45,660  808 

Gold  certificates 

71, 146,  640 
96  4'>7  Oil 

318  687  '^14 

arid  fi«f»  urn 

1,  705,  454, 189 

461,528,220 

1,  243, 925,  969 

JULY  1,  1885. 
[Population,  58,148,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $23.02.] 


Gold  coin,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Standard  silver  dollars,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Subsidiary  silver 

Gold  certfficates 

Silver  certificates 

United  States  notes 

National-bank  notes... ■!» 


$588,  697, 036 
208,  538, 967 
74,  939,  820 
140,  323, 140 
139, 901,  616 
346,  681,  016 
318,  576, 711 


1,  817,  658,  336 


$247, 
169, 
31, 
13, 
38, 
15, 
9, 


028,  625 
451,  998 
236, 899 
593, 410 
370,  700 
462,  379 
945,  710 


525, 089,  721 


$341,  668,  411 
39,  086,  9(59 
43,  702,  921 
126,  729,  730 
101,  530,  946 
331,  218,  637 
308,  631,  001 


1,  292, 568,  615 


JULY  1,  1886 
[Population,  57,404,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $21.82.] 


Gold  coin,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Standard  silver  dcdlars,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Subsidiary  silver 

Gold  certificates 

Silver  certificates 

United  States  notes 

National-bank  notes 


$590,  774,  461 
237,191,906 
75,  060,  937 
131, 174, 245 
115,  977,  675 
346,  681,  016 
311,  699,  454 


$232, 
184, 
28, 
55, 
27, 
22, 
4, 


554,  886 
523,  283 
880,  947 
129,  870 
861,  450 
868,  317 
034,  416 


1, 808, 559,  694 


555,  859, 169 


$358,  219,  575 
52,  668,  623 
46, 173,  990 
76,  044,  375 
88,116,225 
323,  812,  699 
307,  665,  038 


1,  252, 700, 525 


JULY  1, 1887. 
[Population,  58,680,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $22.45.] 


Gold  coin,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Standard  silver  dollars,  including  bullion  in  Treasury. 

Subsidiary  silver 

Gold  certificates 

Silver  certili  cates 

United  States  notes 

National-bank  notes 


$654,  520,  335 
277,  445,  767 
75,  547,  799 
121.  486,  817 
145, 543, 150 
346,  681,  016 
279,  217, 788 


$277, 979,  654 

221,  897,  046 

26,  963, 934 

30,261,380 

3, 425, 133 

20,  013,  797 

2,  362,  585 


1,  900, 442,  672 


582, 903,  529 


$376,  540,  681 

55,  548,  721 

48,  5S3,  865 

91,  225,  437 

142,118,017 

326,  667,  219 

276, 855, 203 


1,  317,  539, 143 


JULY  1,  1888. 
[Population,  59,974,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $22.88.] 


Gold  coin,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Standard  silver  doUaia,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Subsidiary  silver 

Gold  certificates 

Silver  certificates 

United  States  notes 

National-bank  notes 


$705,  818,  855 
310, 166,  459 
76, 406,  376 
142,  023, 150 
229,491,772 
346,  681,  016 
252,  368, 321 


2, 062. 955,  949 


$314,  704,  822 
254,  639,  063 
26,  044,  062 
20,  928,  500 
28,  732, 115 
38,  680,  976 
7,  055, 541 


$391, 114, 033 
55, 527,  396 
50.362,314 
12l,0;)4,  650 
200,  759,  657 
308,  000,  040 
245,  312,  780 


690,  78.5,  079  I   1.  372, 170, 870 


134 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


Taci.e  H.— Statement  siiowixfi  thk  Amounts  or  Money  in  the  United  States, 
IN  the  Treasury  and  in  Ciuculation.  on  tue  Dates  specified — Contiuued. 

JULY  1, 1889. 
[Population,  01,289,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $22.52.] 


General  stock 

coined  or 

issued. 


In  Treasury. 


Amount  in 
circulation. 


Gold  coin,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Standard  silver  dollars,  including  liullion  in  Treasury 

Subsidiary  coin 

Gold  certificates 

Silver  certiiicates ; 

TJuitcd  States  notes 

National-bank  notes 


343 
76 
154 
262 
346 
211, 


003,  505 
947,  093 
601,836 
048,  552 
629,  746 
081,016 
378,  963 


2, 075,  350,  711 


$303,  581, 937 
289, 489,  794 
25, 124, 672 
36, 918,  323 
5,  474, 181 
30,  241,  825 
4, 158,  330 


694,  989, 062 


$376, 
54, 
51, 
117, 
257, 
316, 
207, 


481,568 
457,  299 
477, 164 
130,  229 
155,  565 
439, 191 
220,  633 


1,  380,  361,  649 


JULY  1, 1890. 
[Population,  62,622,250;  circulation  per  capita,  $22.82,  ] 


Gold  coin,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Standard  silverdoliars,  including  bullion  JnTreasiu-y 

Subsidiary  silver 

Gold  certi^^■ates 

Silver  certiiicates 

United  States  notes 

National-bank  notes 


$695, 563,  029 
380.  0S3,  304 
70,  825,  305 
157,502,979 
301,539,751 
346,081,010 
185,-970,  775 


2, 144, 226, 159 


$321,  304, 106 
323, 804, 555 
22, 792,  718 
26,  732, 120 
3,  983,  513 
11,992,039 
4, 365, 838 


714, 974,  i 


$374, 253, 923 
56,  278,  749 
54,  032,  587 
130,  830, 859 
297,  556,  238 
334,  688,  977 
181,  604, 937 


1, 429,  251, 270 


JULY  1,  1891. 
[Population,  63,975,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $23.41.] 


Gold  coin,  including  bullion  in  Trea.sury 

Standard  silverdoliars,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Subsidiary  silver 

Gold  certificates 

Silver  certificates 

Treasury  notes,  act  July  14,  1890 

LTnitc<l  States  notes 

National-bank  notes 


$616,  582,  852 

$239,  263,  689 

$407,  319, 163 

438,  753,  502 

379,  927, 323 

58,  826, 179 

77, 848, 700 

19, 629,  480 

58,  219,  220 

152, 486,  429 

32, 423,  360 

120, 063,  069 

814,  715, 185 

7, 479,  219 

307, 235, 966 

50,  228,  417 

9,  879,  713 

40,  348,  704 

346,  681, 016 

3, 473,  656 

343,  207,  360 

167, 927, 974 

5,  706, 928 

162,  221,  040 

2, 195,  224,  075 

697,783,368 

1,497,440,707 

JULY  1,  1892. 
[Population,  65,520,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $24.44.] 


Gold  coin,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Standard  silver  dollars,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Subsidiary  silver -. 

Gold  certificates 

Silver  certificates 

Treasury  notes,  act  of  July  14,  1890 

United  States  notes 

Currency  certificates,  act  of  June  8,  1872 

National-bank  notes 


$664, 
491, 

77, 
156, 
331, 
101, 
346, 

30, 
172, 


275,  335 
057, 518 
521,478 
623. 929 
614,304 
712,071 
081,  016 
430,  000 
083,  850 


2,  372,  599,  501 


$255, 
434, 
l-t, 
15, 
4, 
3, 
37, 


706,  511 
240, 056 
227,  774 
530, 310 
920.  839 
4.53.  379 
121,112 
590,  000 
462,  333 


771,252,314 


$408,  568, 824 
56, 817. 462 
63,  293,  704 

141,  093, 619 

326,  693,  405 
98,  238,  092 

309,  559, 904 
29,  810, 000 

167,  221,  517 


1, 601,  347, 187 


\ 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


135 


Table  H.— Statement  siiowixg  the  Amounts  of  Money  in  the  United  States, 
IN  the  Treasury  and  in  Circulation  on  the  Dates  specified— Continued. 

JULY  1,  1893. 
[Population,  66,946,000;  circulation  per  capita,  ?23.83.] 


Gold  coin  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Standard  silver  dollars,  including  bullion  in  Treasury 

Subsidiary  silver 

Gold  certificates 

Silver  ccj-tilicates 

Treasury  notes,  act  July  14, 1890 

United  States  not«s 

Currency  certilicates,  act  June  8, 1872 

National-bank  notes 

Total 


General  stock, 

coined  or 

issued. 


$597, 

538, 

77, 

94, 

330, 

147, 

346, 

12, 

178, 


697, 685 
300,  776 
415, 123 
041, 189 
957, 504 
190,  227 
681,016 
405,  000 
713,  872 


2,323,402,392 


In  Treasury. 


$189, 162, 022 

481,  371, 103 

11,  945,  257 

1, 399,  000 

4, 133,  656 

6,  334,  613 

27, 021,  590 

690,  000 

4,  043,  906 


726, 701, 147 


Amount  in 
circulation. 


$408, 535, 663 

56, 929,  673 

65, 469.  866 

92. 642, 189 

326,  823,  848 

140,  855,  614 

319,  059,  425 

11,  715,  000 

174,  609,  966 


1, 596, 701, 245 


EECAPITULATIOX. 


Year. 


Amount  of  money 
in  United  States. 


Amount  in  cir- 
culation. 


Population. 


Money 
per  capita. 


Circulation 
per  capita. 


1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1808 
1807 
1808 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1870 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 


$442, 

452, 

358, 

674, 

705. 

770, 

754, 

728, 

716, 

715, 

722 

74li 

762, 

774, 

806, 

798, 

790, 

703. 

791, 

1,  051, 

1,  205, 

1,  406, 

1,  480. 

1,  643, 

1,  705, 

1,817, 

1,  808, 

1,  900, 

2,  002, 
2,075, 
2,144, 
2, 195, 
2, 372, 
2,  323, 


$435, 

448, 

334, 

595, 

669, 

714. 

673, 

661, 

680, 

664. 

675, 

715, 

738, 

751, 

776, 

754, 

727. 

722 

729! 

818, 

973, 

1, 114, 

1, 174, 

1,  230, 

1,  24.3, 

1,  292, 

1,2.52, 

1,  317, 

1,  372. 

l.,380, 

1,429, 

1,497, 

1,  601. 

1,596, 


31, 443,  321 
32,  064,  000 

32,  704,  000 

33,  365,  000 

34,  046,  000 

34,  748,  000 

35,  469,  000 
36,211,000 

36,  973,  000 

37,  750,  000 
38, 558,  371 

39.  555,  000 

40,  596,  000 
41,677,000 
42,  706,  000 
43,951,000 
45,137,000 
46,  353,  000 
47, 59S,  000 
48,  866,  000 
50, 155,  783 
51,310,000 
52. 495,  000 
53, 693,  000 
54,911,000 
56, 148,  000 

57,  404,  000 

58,  680,  000 

59. 974,  000 

61,  289, 000 

62,  022,  2.50 

63. 975,  000 
65,  520.  000 
66, 946,  000 


$14.  06 
14.09 
10.96 
20.23 
20.72 
22. 16 
21.27 
20.11 
19. 38 

15.  95 
18.73 
18.75 
18.70 
18.  .58 
18.83 
18.10 
17.52 
16.46 

16.  62 
21.52 
24.04 
27.41 
28.20 
30.60 
31.06 
32. 37 
31.50 
32.  39 
34.39 
33.86 
34.24 
34.31 
36.21 
34.70 


$13.  85 
13.98 
10.23 
17.84 
19.67 
20.  .57 
18. 99 
18.23 
18..39 
17.60 
17.50 
18.10 
18.19 
18.04 
18.13 
17.16 
16.12 
15.58 
15.32 
16.75 
19.41 
21.71 
22.37 
22.91 
22.  Co 
23. 02 
21.82 
22.45 
22.88 
22.52 
22.  82 
23.41 
24.44 
23.85 


Note. — The  difference  between  the  amount  of  money  in  tlie  country  and  the  amount  in  circulation 
represents  the  money  in  the  Treasury. 

Currency  certificates,  act  of  June  8, 1872,  are  included  in  the  amount  of  United  States  notes  in  circu- 
lation in  tiie  tables  for  the  years  1873  to  1891  inclusive;  ^inco  1891  tbey  are  reported  separately. 

The  foregoing  tables  present  tbe  revised  figures  for  each  of  the  years  given. 


136 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


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REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  137 

Table  J. — Statement  of  tre  Net  Receipts  (by  warrants)  during  the  Fiscal 
Year  ended  June  30,  1893. 

Customs : 

Quarter  enrled  September  30, 1892 .'53,  631,  954.  79 

Quarter  ended  December  31, 18U2 46,  509, 137. 15 

Quarter  ended  March  31, 1893 58, 193,  619.  98 

Quarter  ended  June  30,1893 45,020,304.81 

^  203,355.010.73 

Internal  revenue : 

Quarter  ended  September  30. 1892 42,505,203.41 

Quarter  ended  December  31. 1892 41, 999, 178. 05 

Qiuirter  ended  March  31, 1893 36,  230,  078. 84 

Quarter  ended  Juno  ZQ,  1893 40, 233, 103. 63 

^  161,027,023.93 

Sales  of  public  lands: 

Quarter  ended  September  30. 1892 730,  613. 42 

Quarter  ended  December  31, 1802 837,  748. 10 

Quarter  ended  March  31. 1893 819, 152.  54 

Quarter  ended  June  30, 1893 794,575.72 

^  3, 182,  OSO.  78 

Tax  on  circulation  of  national  banks  : 

Quarter  ended  September  30. 1892 676,  941.  95 

Quarter  ended  December  31, 3892 7,  004. 79 

Quarter  ended  March  31, 1893 701.  838.  58 

Quarter  ended  June  30, 1893 6,  238. 31 

^  1, 392,  C23. 63 

Hepaymcnt  of  interest  by  Pacific  railroads :   ' 

Qiiarter  ended  September  30, 1892 226,  737.  83 

Quarter  ended  December  31, 1892 27  2,  634. 49 

Quarter  ended  March  31, 1893 242,  089. 19 

Quarter  ended  June  30, 1893 230,  371. 17 

971,832.08 

Customs  fees,  fines,  penalties,  and  forfeitures  >• 

Quarter  ended  September  30.  1892 175,  797.  05 

Quarter  ended  December  31, 1892 258,  979. 63 

Quarter  ended  Ma.-ch  31, 1893 183, 746.  63 

Quarter  ended  June  30, 1893 188,  396.  57 

^  806,919.88 

Fees — consular,  letters  patent,  and  lands: 

Quarter  ended  September  30, 1892 091, 495.  20 

Quarter  ended  December  31, 1892 655,  043.  31 

Quarter  en.led  March  31, 1S93 933,  502.  82 

Quarter  ended  June  30, 1893 876, 115.  79 

^  3,156,217.12 

Proceeds  of  sales  of  Government  property : 

Quarter  ended  September  30, 1892 33, 840.  54 

Quarter  ended  December  31, 1892 44,  489.  07 

Quarter  ended  March  31, 1893 42,302.66 

Quarter  ended  June  30, 1893 44,005.21 

164,703.48 

Profits  on  coinage : 

Quarter  ended  September  30, 1892 385,  649.  54 

Quarter  ended  December  31, 1892 855, 248.  84 

Quai-ter  ended  March  31, 1893 604.  485.  C5 

Quarter  ended  June  30, 1893 504, 087. 12 

^  2,349,471.15 

Revenues  of  District  of  Columbia : 

Quarter  ended  September  30. 1892 327,  550. 13 

Quarter  ended  December  31. 1892 1,  218,  811.  40 

Quarter  ended  March  31, 1893 2.;0, 154.  21 

Quarter  ended  June  30, 1893 1,  329,  226.  53 

3,  111,  742. 27 

Miscellaneoics : 

Qiftrter  ended  September  30, 1892 1,  709,  791. 27 

Quarter  ended  December  31, 1892 914,  385.  50 

Quarter  ended  March  31, 1893 1,  831, 932.  73 

Quarter  ended  June  30, 1893 1, 845.  278.  03 

^  6,301,388.13 

Total  ordinary  receipts,  exclusive  of  loans 385,819,  028.  78 

Eeceipts  from  loans,  certificates,  and  notes 347,  051,  586. 00 

Total  receipts 732,871,214.78 

Balance  in  Treasury  June  30, 1892 778,  604,  339. 28 

Grand  total 1,511,475,554.06 


138 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


Taiu-e  K.— State:ment  of  the  Net  Disbursements  (by  warrants)  during  the 
Fiscal  Year  ended  June  30,  1893. 


CIVIL. 

Congress $7,  (MS,  871. 45 

Executive 12,573,55^7.36 

Judiciary 7,091,179.67 

Government  in  the  Territories 214, 8oG.  19 

Subtreasuries -  408,  702. 37 

Public  land  offices *'?-•  J.'"^^- 2^ 

Mints  aud  assay  offices 239,641.  lO 

Total  civil $28,233,992.77 

rOKEIGN  HS'TEKCOUIISE. 

Diplomatic  s.alarlos 417,  508. 34 

Consular  salaries 609. 175. 00 

Coiitina;ent  exi)ensps  of  foreign  missions 119,482.57 

Continj;cncics  of  consulates 280, 081.  34 

Spanish  indemnity 30, 1G8. 12 

Pielief,  protectiourand  rescuing  shipwrecked  American  seamen 30, 493. 19 

International  Union  of  American  Kepublics 29,719.68 

Continental  Railway  Commission 58, 2'i6. 50 

International  Monetary  Conference 31, 187. 52 

Emergencies  arising  in  the  diplomatic  and  consular  service 31,  C12.  08 

International  Boundary  Survey 100, 484.  85 

Tribunal  of  Arbitration  at  Paris 141. 546. 59 

Miscellaneous  items lOG,  347. 12 

Total  foreign  intercourse 1>  077,  042. 90 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Mint  Establishment 915,878.27 

Life-Sa\  in ;?  Service li  258.  526. 55 

Revenue  Cutter  Service 922,  097.  36 

Steamboat-Inspection  Service 301,  5S4. 36 

Engraving  aud  Printing 1,039,842.57 

Coast  and  Geodet ic  Survey 46o,  540. 03 

Lisht-House  Establishment 2,684,8.53.00 

Marine-Hospital  Establishment 034,  855.  50 

Custom-houses,  conrt-iionses,  post  offices,  etc 5, 050,  796,  59 

Pay  of  assistant  rnstodiaus  and  janitors  of  public  buildings 704,040.67 

Eu'el.  lights,  and  water  for  public  buildings 785,  987.85 

Furniture  and  heating  apparatus  for  public  buildings 359,316.51 

Vaults,  safes,  locks,  and  plans  for  public  buildings 73,  634.76 

Collecting  revenue  from  customs : 

For  the  year  1893 $6,673,245.07 

For  prior  years 83, 545.  91 

Detection 'and  prevention  of  frauds  upon  the  customs 

revenue 3&i  285. 38 

6,  796,  076. 36 

Refunding  excess  of  deposits,  etc 2,  898,  370. 14 

Debentures  and  drawbacks  under  customs  laws 3,574, 151.  72 

Compensation  in  lieu  of  moieties 34,  862.  69 

Expenses  of  regulating  immigration 228,  975.  29 

Salaries,  shipping  service 60. 527.  .52 

Services  to  American  vessels 24,  393. 34 

Enforcement  of  contract-labor  laws ^^'pP^'"^^ 

Chinese  exclusion  act 76,  2.J7. 53 

Revenue  vessels 46,  965.  50 

Interstate  Commerce  Commission 240,  827. 45 

World's  Columbian  Exposition 2,  711,258.51 

Assessing  and  collecting  internal  revenue 4,175,627.90 

Paper  foi-  intenial-rcvoime  stamps 63,  861.  01 

Redemjition  of  internal-revenue  stamps 2(3, 179.44 

Punishing  violations  of  internal-revenue  laws 23,  540.  o7 

Refunds,  reliefs,  ot'-.,  under  intern.il-re venue  laws 97,  267. 60 

Allowance  or  drawbacHv  under  internal-revenue  laws 10.  279. 31 

Refund  for  land  sold  for  direct  tax  in  South  Carolina 278,  234. 42 

Bounty  on  sugar 9,  375, 130. 88 

Payment  of  Judgnicr.fs,  Court  of  Clainas 719, 185.  62 

Preventing  the  spread  of  ejjidemic  diseases 185,  973. 02 

Expenses  of  Treasury  notes 266,  657. 15 

Distinctive  p.aper  for  United  States  securities 49,890.47 

Suppressing  counterfeiting  .and  other  crimes 73,  501.  42 

Transportation  and  reeoinage  of  coin 263,671.  07 

Propagation,  etc.,  fooil-fishcs 319,  800.  65 

Expenses  under  Sniitlisouiau  Institution 125,  9/6.  82 

Natiou.il  Zoological  Park 50,390.20 

Contingent  expenses,  independent  treasury 78, 192.  97 

Sinking  funds,  Pacilie  railroads 1.  977,  296.  71 

Mail  ti-ausjiortation.  Pacific  railroads 1,  615,  229.  ^0 

Kefund  of  direct  tax 810,31o.65 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     139 

Table  K. — Statement  of  the  Net  Disbursements  (bv  waehakts)  durixg  thb 
Fisc^sx  Year  exded  'June  30,  1893— Continued. 

MISCELLANEOTJS-Continued. 

District  of  Columbia : 

Expenses,  50  per  cent  payable  by  tlie  Unltecl  States. .  $5,  490,  553.  91 

"Water  department,  payable  from  the  water  fund 278,  454. 57 

Special  trust  funds 58,  516.  54 

Redemption  of  District  bonds 405, 156.  00 

$6,  232,  681 .  02 

Buildings  and  grounds  in  TTashington  under  Chief  Engineer 150,  SfiO.  50 

Fuel,  lights,  etc..  State,  War,  and  Kavy  l)ei>artmen  t  building 3S,  007.  96 

Care,  maintenance,  etc.,  of  \Vasbington  Monument 11, 197.  34 

Trenton  Battle  Monument 20.  000. 00 

Support  and  treatment  of  destitute  patients 18,  999. 96 

"Weather  liureau 915,  879.  81 

Department  of  Agriculture 2,  226,  000.  92 

Deticiency  in  the  po.stal  revenues 5,  946,  795. 19 

Caiiitol  building  and  grounds 120,  0U6.  87 

Building  for  Library  of  Congress 545,  000.  00 

Interior  Department  building 7,  304.  06 

Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane 298, 583. 22 

Columbia  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb 52,500.  00 

Freedmen's  HosiJital  and  Asylum 47,  515.  55 

Ho-n-ard  University 29, 499. 37 

National  Museum 106,414.44 

Colleges  for  agriculture  and  tlie  mechanic  arts 912, 000. 00 

Surveying  public  lands , 366,  966.  30 

Contingent  expenses,  land  offices 169,  609.  04 

Geological  Survey , 387,  296. 19 

Expenses  Eleventh  Census 1, 172,  569.  66 

Hot  Springs  Eeservation,  Arkansas , . . , 42, 113. 65 

Deposits  by  individuals  for  surveying  public  lands 104,  949.  61 

Eepayment  for  lands  erroneously  sold 50,  343. 07 

Geological  maps  of  the  United  States 47, 747. 45 

Depredations  on  public  tiinber 14,  479.  50 

Protecting  public  lands,  timber,  etc 118,  325. 40 

Five,  thri'e,  and  two  per  cent  funds  to  States 247,  C04.  58 

Photolithographins:  for  the  Patent  Oflice 112, 992.  58 

Official  Gazette,  Patent  Office 55, 969.  50 

Payment  of  French  spoliation  claims 19,  776.  00 

Miscellaneous  items 318, 167.  99 

Total  miscellaneous 73,521,763.60 

FN'TERIOR   DEPARTMENT. 

Indians 13,345,347.27 

Pensions 159,  357,  557.  87 

Total  Interior  Department 172,  702, 905. 14 

MILITARY  ESTABLISHMENT T. 

Pay  Department 12,  658,  224.  99 

Pay  Department,  bounty  and  miscellaneous 956,  952. 18 

Commissary  Department 1,  608,  306.  37 

Quartermaster's  Department 7,  887,  325. 18 

Medical  Department 382.  459.  89 

Ordnance  Department 1,  342,  975.  56 

Armories  and  arsenals 1,  774, 110.  90 

Armament  of  fortifications 1,  710,  637.  32 

Military  Academy 227, 128.  65 

Improving  rivers  and  harbors 14, 799,  835. 98 

Fortifications,  etc 839,  732.  06 

Construction  of  military  posts,  roads,  etc 593,  443.  24 

Kational  cemeteries,  roads,  etc 208,  443. 26 

Expenses  of  recruiting 120,  515.87 

Contingencies  of  the  Army 12,  074.76 

Si snal  Service 36,  264. 44 

Publication  of  Official  Records  of  the  "War  of  the  Rebellion 230, 900.  39 

Support  of  national  homes  for  disabled  volunteer  soldiers 3, 177,  741. 77 

Support  of  Soldiers'  Home 162,  556.39 

Soldiers'  Homo  permanent  fund  and  interest  account 203,  198. 06 

Support  of  military  prison.  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans 75,  533.28 

Yellowstone  National  Park 44.  801. 40 

Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga  National  Park 191,  760. 83 

Claims, reimbursements,  reliefs,  etc 384.  536. 97 

MiBcellaneous  items 11,  704.  73 

Total  military  establishment 49,  641,  773. 47 


140     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Taele  K.— Statement  op  the  Net  Disbursements  (by  warrants)  curing  tub 
Fiscal  Year  ended  June  30,  1893 — Coutiniied. 

NAVAL  ESTABLISHMENT. 

Pay,  etc.,  ofthoNavy $7,477,857.22 

Deposit  iuiid 147,852.00 

Contingent,  Navy 10,9!i9.97 

Marine  Corps 894,841.02 

Naval  Academy 211,744.63 

Navigation 245,617.41 

Ordnance 449,  788.  29 

Ennipmcnt 861,414.98 

Yards  and  Docks 1,209,762.70 

iledicine  and  Surgery 223,  916.40 

Supplies  and  Accounts 1, 505,  843.  92 

Con.stractiou  and  Kepair 994,  423.  28 

Steam  Euijinccring 753,  836. 34 

Increase  oV  the  Navy 15,030,226.74 

International  Navai  Review 44,  539.43 

Miscellaneous  items  and  reliefs 73, 420. 10 

Total  naval  estaMisliment $30,136,084.43 

Interest  on  the  public  debt 27,264,392.18 

Total  net  ordinarv  exponditiirea 383,  477,  054.49 

Redemption  of  tbe  public  debt 389,530,044.50 

Total  expenditures 773,007,998.99 

Balance  in  the  Treasury  June  30, 1893 738,467,555.07 

Grand  total 1,511,475,554.06 


EEPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  141 

Table  L. — Statement   of   the   Net   Receipts   and   Disbursements  (by  "War- 
rants) FOR  the  Quarter  ended  Sepkmber  30,  1893. 

EECEIPTS. 

Customs $39,459,843.52 

Internal  revenue 37, 112,  704.  07 

Sales  of  public  lands ^ , 469,405.94 

Tax  on  national  banks /. 732,325.35 

Kepayment  of  interest  by  Pacific  railroads 222,  732.  27 

Customs  fees,  fines,  penalties,  and  forfeitures 152,  251.  32 

Fees — consular,  letters  patent,  and  lands 702,  409.  37 

Proceeds  of  sales  of  Government  property 63,  223. 45 

Profits  on  coinage,  etc .' 250,  032.  30 

Miscellaneous 1,  705,  694. 31 

Total  net  ordinary  receipts 80,  870,  621. 90 

Issues  of  public  debt  in  excess  of  redemption 4, 194,472.00 

Balance  in  the  Treasury  June  30, 1893 738, 467,  555. 07 

Total 823,532,648.97 


DISBURSEMENTS. 

Customs 5,527,051.16 

Internal  revenue 1,222,490.95 

Diplomatic 634, 193.  20 

Treasury 14,342,660.53 

Judiciary 1,433,162.09 

Interior  civil 3, 001,  705. 20 

Total  civil  and  miscellaneous 26, 161,  263. 13 

Indians 2,  990,  02„'.  94 

Pensions 36,  810,  690.  53 

Military  establishment 16,008,090.21 

Naval  establisliment 8,  738,  659. 49 

Interest  on  the  public  debt 7,721,168.29 

Total  net  ordinary  expenditiu:es 98,  430,  694.  59 

Redemption  of  public  debt  in  excess  of  issue 18,  568,  020.  00 

Balance  in  the  Treasury  September  30, 1893 7C6,  P33, 934. 38 

Total 823,532,048.97 


142 


REPORT   OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


Table  M.— Statement  of  Receipts  of  tiee  United  States  from  March  4,  1789, 

SO)  FROM 


Balance  in 
f^    tlio  Treasury  at 
§        conimence- 
fH   I  ment  of  year, 


Customs. 


Internal   reve- 
nue. 


Direct  tax. 


Public  lands. 


Miscellaneous. 


$973, 

783, 

753, 

1,151 

516 

888, 

1,021 

C17, 

2,161, 

2,623 

3,  295, 

5,  020 
4. 825, 
4;  037, 

3,  999 

4.  538, 
9,613 
9,  941 
3,848 

2,  672 

3,  502 

3,  862, 
5, 196 

1,  727 
13, 106, 
22,  033, 
14,  989, 

1,478, 

2,  079, 
1, 198, 
1,  681, 

4,  237. 
9, 463, 
1,946, 
5,201, 

6,  358, 
6,  6C8, 

5,  972, 
5,  755, 
6, 014, 
4, 502, 
2,011, 

11,  702, 

8, 892, 

26,  749, 

46,  70S, 

37,  327, 
36, 891, 
33, 157, 

29,  963, 
28,  685, 

30,  521, 
39, 186, 
36, 742, 
36, 194, 

38,  261, 
33, 079, 
29,416, 
32,  827, 

35,  87] , 
40,158, 
43,  338, 
50,  261, 
48,  591, 

47,  777, 
49, 108, 
46,  802, 
35,113, 
33,193, 
32,  979, 
30,963, 
46,  905, 

36,  523, 
134, 433, 


905.  75 
444.51 
661. 69 

,  924. 17 
442.  61 
995.  42 
899. 04 
451.  43 
867. 77 
311.  99 
391.  00 
607.  04 
811.60 

,  005.  26 
388.  99 
123.  80 
850. 07 
809. 90 
056.  78 
276.  57 
305.  80 
217.  41 
542.  CO 

,  848.  63 
592.  88 
519. 19 
465. 48 

526. 74 
992. 38 
461.  21 
592.  24 
427. 55 
922. 81 
597. 13 
650. 43 
686. 18 
286. 10 
435.  81 
704.  79 

539. 75 
914.  45 
777.  55 
905.  31 

858. 42 
803. 96 
436. 00 
252.  69 
196.  94 
503.  68 
163. 46 
111.08 
979.  44 
284.  74 
829.  62 
274. 81 
959.  05 

276. 43 
612.  45 
082.  69 
753.  31 
353.  25 
860. 02 
901.09 
073.41 
672.13 
229.  80 
855. 00 
334. 22 
248.  60 
530.  78 
857. 83 
304.  87 
046.  13 
738.-44 


13 

5, 
7, 
36 
26 
17, 
20 
15 
13 
17 
19, 
17 
20 
23 
19, 
23 
22, 
21 
24 
28 
29 
16 
19, 
23 
11 
16, 
23 
13 
14, 
18 
7 
26 
27 
26, 
23 
31 
28 
39 
49 
47 
58 
64 
53 
64 
63 
41 
49 
53 
39 
49, 
69, 
102 
84, 


399, 
443 

255, 
801, 
588, 
507, 
549 
100, 
610 
080, 
750 
438, 
479 
098, 
936 
667 
845 
363 
,'257, 
583, 
313, 
958 
224, 
998, 
282, 
300 
283, 
176, 
283, 
005, 
004, 
589, 


341, 
712, 
205, 
681, 
922, 
224, 
465, 
032, 
214, 
391, 
409, 
109, 
158, 
137, 
499, 
487, 
187, 
016, 
183, 
528, 
712, 
747, 
757, 
346, 
668, 
017, 
339, 
931, 
224, 
025, 
022, 
875, 
789, 
565, 
187, 
582, 
056, 
059, 
316, 
928, 


473.  09 
070. 85 
300.  50 
005.  28 
461.  26 
987. 94 
649.  65 
061.93 
449.31 

932. 73 

778. 93 

235. 74 
417.61 
565.  33 
487.  04 
698.17 
521.  61 
550.  58 
506. 62 

309.  31 
222. 73 
777.  53 
623. 25 
772.08 
942,  22 
874.  88 
348. 49 
385.  00 
608.  76 
612. 15 
447.15 
761.  94 

433. 44 

325.  71 

713. 45 
331. 77 
283.  29 
523. 64 
965. 91 
391.  39 
441.'77 
237. 24 
508.  91 
957. 15 

310.  59 
940.  53 
290.  39 
800. 36 
924.  81 
502. 17 
216.  74 
908. 76 
813.  91 

570. 94 
112.70 
667.  87 

864.  66 
071).  96 
738. 82 
686. 42 
567.  92 

326.  62 

865.  52 
190.27 
794.  21 
863.  50 
905.  05 
620.  96 
824.  38 
511.87 
125.  64 
397.  62 
642.  40 
152.  99 
260. 60 


$208,  942. 81 

337,  705. 70 

274,  089.  62 

337,  755. 36 

475,  289.  60 

575,  491.  45 

644, 357.  95 

779, 136. 44 

809,  390.  55 

1,  048,  033.  43 

621,898.89 

215, 179.  69 

50,  941.  29 

21,747.15 

20, 101.  45 

13,  051.  40 

8, 190.  23 

4,034.29 

7,  430.  63 

2,  295.  95 

4, 903.  06 

4,755.  04 

1,  662,  984.  82 
4,  678, 059.  07 
5, 124, 708.  31 

2,  678, 100.  77 
955,  270. 20 
229,  593.  63 
106,  260.  53 

69, 027. 63 
67,  665.  71 
34,  242. 17 
34,  663.  37 
25, 771.  35 
21, 589. 93 
19,  885. 68 
17,451.54 
14, 502.  74 
12, 160. 62 
6, 933. 51 
11, 630.  05 

2,  759.  00 
4, 196.  09 

10,  459. 48 

370.  00 

5,  493.  84 

2, 467.  27 

2, 553.  32 

1,  682.  25 

3,261.36 

495.  00 

103.  25 

1,  777.  34 

3,  517. 12 

2,  897.  26 
375.  00 
375. 00 


$4,  836. 13 
83,  540. 60 
11, 963. 11 


$734, 

534, 

206, 

71, 

50, 

21, 

55, 

34, 

39, 

7, 

12, 

7, 

3, 

2, 219, 

2, 162, 

4,253, 

1,  834, 

264, 

83, 

31, 

29, 

20, 

10, 

6, 

2, 

6, 

2, 

2, 

11, 

16, 

10, 

6, 


223.  97 

343. 38 
565. 44 
879.20 
198.44 
882.  91 
763.  86 
732. 56 
159.  21 
517.  31 
448.  68 
666. 66 
859.  22 
805.  52 
497.  36 
673. 41 
635. 09 

187. 04 
333. 36 

650. 78 
586. 82 

349. 05 
961.  56 
337. 71 
201.96 
330.85 
638.  76 
626. 90 
218.  81 
335.  05 
980.  59 
500.  01 
791. 13 
394. 12 

19.80 
203.  33 

728. 79 
687.  70 


755. 22 


37,  640, 787.  95 
109,  741. 134. 10 
209, 464,  215.  25 


1,  795,  331. 73 

1, 485, 103.  61 

475,  648.  96 

1,200,573.03 


443.75 

107,  726.  06 

188,  628.  02 

165,  675. 69 

487,  526. 79 

54u,  193.  80 

765,  245.  73 

460, 163.  27 

647,  939.  06 

442,  252.  33 

696,  548.  82 
1,  040,  237. 53 

710, 427.  78 

835,  655. 14 
1, 135,  971.  09 
1,  287,  959.  28 
1,717,985.03 
1,991,226.06 
2, 606,  564.  77 
3, 274,  422. 78 
1,  035,  871. 61 
1,212,966.46 
1,  803, 581.  54 

916. 523. 10 

984,  418. 15 
1,216,090.56 
1, 393,  785. 09 
1,  495,  845. 26 
1,018,308.75 

1,  517, 175. 13 

2,  329, 356. 14 

3,  210,  815.  48 

2,  623,  381.  03 

3,  967,  082. 55 

4,  857,  600. 69 
14, 757,  600.  75 
24.  877, 179.  86 

6,  776, 236. 52 
3, 730, 945.  66 

7,  361,  576. 40 
3, 411,  818.  63 
1, 365,  627. 42 
1, 335,  797.  52 

898, 158. 18 
2.  059,  939. 80 
2, 077,  022. 30 
2. 694, 452. 48 

2,  498,  355.  20 

3,  328,  642.  56 

1,  688,  959.  55 
1, 859,  894. 25 

2,  352,  305.  30 

2,  043,  239.  58 
1,  667, 084.  99 
8, 470,  798.  39 

11,497,049.07 
8, 917,  644. 93 

3,  829,  486.  64 
3,513,715.87 
1,  756, 687. 30 
1,  778.  557.  71 

870,  658.  54 
152,  203. 77 
167,  617. 17 
588,  333.  29 
996,  553.  31 

•  For  tlie  half  year  from 


$10 

478. 10 

9 

918.65 

21 

410. 88 

53 

277. 97 

28 

317.  97 

1,169 

415.  98 

399 

139.  29 

58 

192. 81 

86 

187.  56 

152 

712. 10 

345 

649. 15 

1,500 

505.  86 

131 

945. 44 

139 

075. 53 

40 

382.  30 

51 

121.86 

38 

550. 42 

21 

822.  85 

62 

162.57 

84 

476. 84 

59 

211.  22 

126 

165. 17 

271 

571.  00 

164 

399.  81 

285 

282.  84 

273 

782. 35 

109 

761. 08 

57 

617. 71 

57 

098. 42 

61 

338. 44 

152 

589. 43 

452 

957. 19 

141 

129.84 

127 

603. 60 

130 

451.81 

94 

588.  66 

1,315 

722. 83 

65 

126. 49 

112 

648. 55 

73 

227.  77 

584 

124.  05 

270 

410.  61 

470 

096.  67 

480 

812.32 

759 

972. 13 

2,245 

902.  23 

7,001 

444.59 

6,410 

348. 45 

979 

939.  86 

2,567 

112.28 

1,004 

054.  75 

451 

995. 97 

285 

895.  92 

1,075 

419.70 

361 

453.68 

289 

950. 13 

220 

808. 30 

612 

610.69 

685 

379. 13 

2,064 

308.  21 

1,185 

166. 11 

464 

249. 40 

988 

081. 17 

1,105 

352. 74 

827 

731.40 

1,116 

190.  81 

1,259 

920.  88 

1,352 

029. 13 

1,454 

596.24 

1,088 

530.  25 

1,023 

515.31 

915 

327. 97 

3,741 

794.  38 

30, 291 

701.  86 

25,441 

556. 00 

EEPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


143 


TO  JuxE  30, 1893,  BY  Calendar  Yeaks  to  184:3  and  by  Fiscal  Ykars  (ended  June 

THAT  TIME. 


1791 
1792 
1793 
794 
1795 
179G 
1797 
1798 
1799 
1800 
1801 
1802 
KOS 
1804 
1805 
1806 
1807 
1808 
1809 
1810 
1811 
1812 
1813 
1814 
1815 
1816 
1817 
1818 
1819 
1820 
1821 
1822 
1823 
1824 
1825 
1826 
1827 
1828 
1829 
1830 
1831 
1832 
1833 
1834 
1835 
1836 
1837 
1833 
1839 
1840 
1841 
1842 
1843* 
1844 
1845 
1846 
1847 
1848 
1849 
1850 
1851 
1852 
1853 
1854 
1855 
1853 
1857 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 


Dividends. 


$8,  028. 00 
33,  500.  00 
303, 472. 00 
160,  OOO.  00 
160.  000. 09 
80, 960. 00 
79,  920. 00 
71,  040.  00 
71,  040.  00 
88,  800.  00 
39,  960.  00 


Net  ordinary 
receiiits. 


202, 426. 30 
525, 000. 00 
675,  000. 00 
,  000,  COO.  00 
105.000.00 
297, 500.  00 
350,  000.  00 
350, 000.  00 
367, 500. 00 
402,  500.  00 
420, 000. 00 
455,  000.  00 
490, 000. 00 
490, 000.  00 
490.  000.  00' 
490,  000.  00' 
474,985.00 
234,  349.  5C 
506. 480. 82 
292,  674.  67 


January  1  to  June  30, 1343 


Interest. 


Premiums. 


$4,  800.  001 , 
42,  800.  oo: . 


78, 675. 00 
i6,'i25.'66 


300.  00 

85.  791 

11,541.74 

68,  6C5. 16' 

2C7,  819. 14' 

412.  62| 


$32, 107. 64 
686.  09 


Keceipts 

from  loans  and 

Treasury 

notes. 


$361, 
5, 102, 
1, 797, 

4,  007, 
3,  396, 

320, 
70, 
200, 

5,  000, 
1,  5C5, 


391. 84 
498.  45 
272.  01 
950. 78 
424.00 
000.  00 
000.  00 

000. 00 
000.  00: 
229.  24i 


Gross  receipts. 


2, 750,  000.  00 


40, 000.  00 


71,  700.  83 
666.  GO 


28,  365.  91 

37,  080.  OQ 

i37,  065. 48 

10,5:0.00 

4,  264. 02 


22.50 


709,  357. 72 
10,  OOS.  00 
33,  030.  90 
68, 400.  00 
602,  345. 44 
21,174,101.01 
11, 683,  446. 80. 


12, 837, 900.  00 

26,184.135.00 

23,  377,  826. 00 

35,220,671.40 

9,  425,  084.  91 

466, 723.  45 

8,353.00 

2,  291.  00 

3,000,824.13 

'5,  000, 324. 00 


5,000,000.00 
5, 000,  000.  00 


2,  992,  989. 15 
12,  716,  820.  86 

3,  857,  276.  21 
5,589,547.51 

13,659,317.38 

14,  808,  735.  64 

12,  479,  708. 36 

1,877,181.35 


28,  872, 

21,  256, 

28, 588, 

4, 045. 

•   203, 

46, 

16, 


3, 

23,  717. 

28,  287. 

20,  776. 

41,861. 

529, 692. 

776,  6S2. 

1,128.873. 

1. 472, 224 


399. 45 

700. 00 
750.  00 
950.  00 
400.  00 
300. 00 
350. 00 
001.  67 
800.  00 
200.  00 
900. 00 
300.  00 
500.  00 
800.  00 
709. 74 
400.  50 
361.  57 
945.  36 


70. 

81. 

76 

83 

581 

889. 

393 

40.  831, 805 


771,  342. 
772, 458. 
450. 195. 
439.  855. 
515.  758. 
740, 329. 


780. 
170. 
813. 
978. 
455. 
793. 
097. 
307. 
693. 
931. 
019. 
661. 
473. 
214. 
634. 
032. 
844. 
536. 
237. 
421. 
592. 
936. 
665. 
493. 
703. 
427. 
C06. 
212. 
858. 
434. 
363. 
629. 
627. 
116. 
820. 
450. 
426. 
935. 
087. 
796. 
142. 
382. 
025. 
662. 
477. 
932. 
410. 
555. 
105. 
907. 
168. 
479. 
892. 
388. 
704. 
115. 
404. 
343. 
374. 
899. 
212. 
665. 
965. 
407. 
640. 
121. 
G52. 
017. 
345. 


TJnaTaU- 
able. 


511 

82: 

661      $1, 889.  50 

25' 

55! 

10' 

081 

19!      63, 288. 35 

60' 

82  1, 458,  782. 93 
84|  37, 469.  25 
65 


89, 

45  . 

11,188.00 

73'            

2^! 

28, 251.  90 

52 
21' 

30, 000.  00 

98 

88 

103,  301.  37 


15, 408. 34 


11,110.81 
0,  000.  01 
9,210.40 
6,  095. 11 


144  REPORT    OP    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 

Table  M. — Statement  of  the  Receipts  of  the  United 


1866 

1867 


1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 


Balance  in 
the  Treasury  at 

conimeuce- 
nicnt  of  year 


$33,  933, 657.  89 
160,  817,  099.  73 


198,  076, 
158,  936, 
183,781, 
177,604, 
138,  019, 
134,  606, 
150,  293, 
178,  833, 
172,  804, 
149,  909, 
214,887, 
286,  .591, 
386,  832, 
231,940, 
280,  607, 
275,  450, 
374, 189, 
424,941, 
521,  794, 
526,  S48, 
512,  851, 
659,  449, 
673.  399, 
691,  527, 
726,  222, 
778i  604,' 


437.  09 
082.  87 
985. 76 
116.  51 
122.15 
001.85 
673.  41 
339. 54 
061.  32 
377.  21 
645. 88 
453. 88 
588.  65 
064. 44 
G68.  37 
903. 53 
081.  98 
403.  07 
026.  26 
755. 46 
434.  36 
099.  94 
118. 18 
403.  76 
332.  60 
339.  28 


Customs. 


$179,  046,  651., 58 
176, 417,  810.  88 


164,  464, 

180,  048, 
194,538, 
206,  270, 

216,  370, 
188,  089, 
163, 103, 
157, 167, 
148,  071, 
130,  956, 
130, 170, 
137, 250, 
186, 522, 
198, 159, 
220, 410, 
214,  706, 
195,  067, 

181,  471, 
192, 905, 

217,  286, 
219,091, 
223,  832, 
229,  668, 
219,  522, 
177,  4,52, 
203,  355, 


599.  50 
426.  63 
374. 44 
408.  05 
286.  77 
522.  70 
833.  69 
722.  35 
984.  61 
493.  07 
680.  20 
047.  70 
004.  60 
676.  02 
730.  25 
496.  93 
489.  76 
939. 34 
023. 44 
893. 13 
173.  63 
741.  69 
534. 57 
205.  23 
964.15 
016. 73 


Internal  revenue. 


$309,  226,  813. 42 
266,  027,  537. 43 


191,087, 
158,  356, 
184,  899, 

143,  098, 
130,  642, 
113,  729, 
102,  409, 
110,  007, 
116,  700, 
118,  630, 
110,581, 
113,501, 
124,  009, 
135,  264, 
146, 497, 

144,  720, 
121,  586. 
112.  498; 
116,  805, 
118,  823, 
124,  296, 
130,  881, 
142,  606. 

145,  686, 
153,  971, 
161,  027, 


589. 41 
460.  86 
756. 49 
153.  63 
177. 72 
314.14 
784. 90 
493.  58 
732.  03 
407.  83 
624.74 
010.  .58 
373. 92 
385. 51 
595. 45 
308. 98 
072.  51 
725.  54 
936.  48 
391.22 
871.  98 
513.  92 
705. 81 
249. 44 
072.  57 
623.  93 


Direct  tax. 


$1, 974,  754. 12 
4,  200, 233.  70 


1, 788, 145.  85 
765,  085.  61 
229, 102.  88 
580, 355.  37 


315,  254. 51 


93,  798.  80 


30.85 

1,  516.  89 

160, 141.  69 

108, 156.  60 

70,  720.  75 


108,  239.  94 
32,  892.  05 
1,  565.  82 


Public  lands. 


Miscellaneous. 


.$665,031.03 
1, 163,  575. 76 


1,348, 
4, 020, 

3,  350, 
2,  388, 
2,  575, 
2,  882, 
1,  852, 
1,413, 
1, 129, 

976, 

1,  079, 

924, 

1,  016, 

2,  201, 

4,  7,53, 
7,  955, 
9,810, 

5,  705, 
5,  630, 
9,  254, 

11,  202, 
8, 038, 
6, 3.58, 
4,  029, 

3,  261, 
3, 182, 


715.41 
344.  34 
481.76 
646.  68 
714. 19 
312.  38 
428. 93 
640. 17 
466.  95 
253.  68 
743. 37 
781.  06 
506.  60 
863. 17 
140.  37 
864. 42 
705.  01 
980. 44 
999.  34 
286.  42 
017.  23 
651. 79 
272. 51 
535. 41 
875.  58 
089. 78 


$29,  036,  314.  23 
15,  037,  522. 15 


17, 745, 
13, 997, 
12, 942, 

22,  093, 
15, 106, 
17,101, 
32.  575, 
15,431, 
24,  070, 
30, 437, 
15,  614, 

20,  58,5, 

21,  978, 
25, 154, 
31,703, 
30, 706, 
21,  984, 
24,  014, 
20,  989, 
26,  005, 
24,  674, 
24,  297, 
24,  447, 

23,  374, 
20,  251, 
18, 254, 


403.  59 
338.  65 
118.30 
541. 21 
051.  23 
270.  05 
043.  32 
915.31 
602.  31 
487. 42 

728. 09 
697. 49 
525.  01 
850. 98 
642.  52 
695. 02 
881.89 
055. 06 
527.  86 
814.84 

446. 10 
151.44 
419.  74 
457. 23 
871.  94 
898. 34 


,  131,  894,  361.  27 


4,426,759,494.11  ^28,131,990.32  .286,949,606.88  729,378,072.98 


'Amount  heretofore  credited  to  the  Treasurer  aa 


KEPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 
States  From  March  4,  1789,  to  June  30,  1893,  etc. — Continued. 


145 


Dividends. 


Xet  ordinary 
receipts. 


Interest. 


Premiums. 


Eeceipts 
from  loans  and 
Treasury- 
notes. 


Gross  receipts. 


Unavail- 
ablo. 


1866 
1867 


1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 


$519,  949,  564.  38 $38,  083, 055.  68 

462.  846,  679.  92' 27,  787,  330.  35 


376, 
357, 
395, 
374, 
364, 
322, 
209, 
284, 
200, 
281, 
257, 
272, 
333, 
360, 
403, 
398, 
348, 
323 
336! 
371, 
379, 
887, 
403, 
392, 
354, 
385, 


29,  203, 
13,755, 
15,  295, 
8,  892, 
9,412, 
11,560, 
5,  037, 

3,  979, 

4,  029, 
405, 
317, 

1,  505, 


629. 50 
491. 12 
643.  76 
839.  95 
637.  65 
530.  89 
665.  22 

279.  69 

280.  58 
776.  58 
102.  30 
047. 63 
110. 00 


$712,  851, 553. 05 
640, 426,  910.  29 


$1,270,884,173.11 
1,131,060,920.56 


$172,  094.  29 
721, 827. 93 


625, 
238, 
285, 
268, 
305, 
214, 
439, 
387, 
307, 
348, 
404, 
792, 
211, 
113, 
120, 
555, 
206, 
245, 
116, 
154, 
285, 
245, 
245, 
373, 
381, 
347, 


433.  20 
081.  06 
496.  00 
523. 47 
054. 00 
017. 00 
535. 46 
556.  00 
808.  00 
749.  00 
201.  00 
043.  00 
103.00 
534.  00 
724. 00 
564. 00 
886.  00 
303.  00 
850.  CO 
COO.  00 
650.  00 
350. 00 
650. 00 
857.  75 
512. 00 
585. 00 


030, 
609, 
696, 
652, 
679, 
548, 
744, 
675, 
C91, 
630, 
662, 
066, 
545, 
474, 
524, 
954, 
555, 
568, 
452, 
525, 
664, 
632, 
618, 
765, 
730, 
732, 


749,  516. 
621,828. 
729,  973. 
002, 468. 
153, 921. 
669, 221. 
251,  291. 
971,  607. 
551,073. 
278, 167. 
345,  079. 
634, 827. 
340,  713. 
532,826. 
470,  974. 
230, 145. 
397,  755. 
887,  C09. 
754,  577. 
844, 177. 
282, 724. 
101,408. 
374,  632. 
821,  305. 
401,  296. 
871,  214. 


2,  675, 918. 19 


*2, 070.  73 


-3,  396. 18 
*18,  228. 35 
*3, 047.  8d 
12,  691. 48 


*1,  500.  00 
47, 097. 05 


7, 997.  U 


$9,720,136.29 12,612,833,661.85  485,224.45i204,  259,  220. 83  13,987,908,074. 59  26,805,486,181.  72  2,  714,  730. 18 

I  !  ill  I  I 


unavailable  and  since  recovered  and  charged  to  his  account. 

Ab.  93 10 


146 


REPORT    OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


Table  N.— Statement  of  Expenditures  of  the  United  States  from  March  4, 

Junk  30,  from 


Tear. 


"War. 


Navy. 


Indians. 


Pensions. 


Miscellaneous. 


1791 
1792 
1793 
1794 
179.5 
1796 
1797 
1798 
1799 
1800 
1801 
1802 
1803 
1804 
1805 
1806 
1807 
1808 
1809 
1810 
1811 
1812 
1813 
1814 
1815 
1816 
1817 
1818 
1819 
1820 
1821 
1822 
1823 
1824 
1825 
1826 
1827 
1828 
1829 
1830 
1831 
1832 
1833 
1834 
1835 
1836 
1837 
1838 
1839 
1840 
1841 
1842 
1843 
1844 
1845 
1846 
1847 
1848 
1849 
1850 
1851 
1852 
1853 
1854 
1855 
1856 
1857 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1801 
1863 
1863 
1864 


$632 
1, 100 
1, 130, 
2,  639, 
2, 480, 
1,200 

1,  039. 
2, 009, 

2,  466, 
2,  560 
1,  672, 
1, 179, 


10 
35 
27: 
14, 

9: 

12 

8 

9 

11 

14 

16, 

19, 

25 

23 

16 

23, 

389: 

603 

690 


804. 03 
702.  09 
249.  OS 
097.  59 
910. 13 

263. 84 
402. 46 
522.  30 
946. 98 
878. 77 
944. 08 
148. 25 

055. 85 
423. 93 
781. 28 
355.  38 
685. 91 
834. 40 
772. 17 
323.  94 
828. 19 
798. 24 
013.02 
806. 80 
294.22 
096.  80 
236. 53 
715. 10 
300. 37 
392.  31 
291.  78 

951. 48 
924. 43 
939.  85 
914.  IS 
194.3' 
977. 8. 
544. 56 
291. 07 
128.  88 
835.  55 

034. 88 

019. 10 
189.38 

156. 89 
345.  25 
730.  80 
224. 16 
995.  80 
207. 23 
610.  24 
438. 02 
671. 95 
183.  06 

291. 28 
370. 58 
030.  33 
334.21 
473.  26 
024.58 

905. 11 
506. 19 

498. 49 
282. 87 
074. 07 
160.  51 
150. 87 
121.63 
720. 53 
202.  72 
530. 67 

562. 29 
411.82 
048. 66 


$61 
410, 
274 
382 
1,381 

2,  858, 

3,  448, 

2,  111 
915 

1,  215 
1,189, 
1,  597, 
1,649 
1,722 
1,884 
2,427 

1,  654, 
1,965 
3, 959 
6, 446 
7,311 
8,660 
3, 908, 

3,  314, 
2,953 
3.847 
4, 387, 
3,319, 
2,224 
2,503 

2,  904, 

3,  049, 
4, 218, 
4,263 
3,918 
3, 308, 
3, 239, 
3, 856, 
3, 956 
3,901 
3,  950, 
3,804 
5, 807, 

6,  646 
6,131 
6, 182, 
6,113 
6,001 

8,  397, 
3, 727, 
6, 498, 
6,297 
6,455 

7,  900, 
9,408 

9,  786, 
7,  904 
8,880 
8,918 

11,  067 
10,  790 
13, 327 
14, 074 

12,  651 
14,  053 
14,  690 
11,514 
12,  387 
42,  640 
63,  261 
85, 704 


408.  97 

562. 03 

784. 04 
631. 89 
347. 76 
081. 84 
716. 03 
424.  00 
561.87 
230. 53 
832.75 
500. 00 

641. 44 
064.47 
067. 80 
758. 
244. 20 
566. 39 
365. 15 

600. 10 

290. 60 
000.  25 

278. 30 
598. 49 
695. 00 
640. 42 
990. 00 
243. 06 
458. 98 
765.  83 
581. 56 
083. 80 

902. 45 
877.  45 
786. 44 
745.47 

428. 63 
183.  07 
370. 29 
350. 75 
260.  42 
939.  06 
718. 23 
914. 53 
580. 5; 
294. 25 
896. 89 
070. 97 
242. 95 
711. 53 

199. 11 

177. 89 
013. 92 
035.  76 
476. 02 
705. 92 
724.  66 
581. 38 

842. 10 
789. 53 
096.  32 

095. 11 

834. 64 

694. 61 
264. 64 

927. 90 
649.  83 
156. 52 
353.  09 

235. 31 
963. 74 


$27 
13 
27 
13 
23 

113 
62 
16, 
20 


94 
60, 
116, 
196, 
234, 
205 
213 
337 
177 
151 
277, 
167 
167, 
530 
274 
319, 
505 
463, 
315 
477 
575 
380, 
429, 
724, 
743 
750, 
705 
576, 
622 
930, 
1,  352 

1,  802 
1, 003 
1,700 
5,  03" 
4,  348 
5,504 

2,  528, 
2,331 
2,514 
1, 199 

578, 
1,  250, 
1, 539 
1,  027 
1, 430 

1,  25 
1,374 
1,663 

2,  829, 
3, 043, 

3,  " 
1,550 
2, 772 
2,644 
4,354 
4,978 
3,  490, 
2,991 
2,  865 
2,  327 
3, 152 
2,  629 


,  000. 00 
,  648. 85 
,  282. 83 
,  042. 46 
,  475.  68 
,  563. 98 
,  396. 58 
,  470: 09 
,  302. 19 
31.22 
,  000.  00 
,  000. 00 
,  000. 00 
,  500. 00 
s  500. 00 
,  200.  00 
,  425. 00 
,  575. 00 
,  503. 84 
,  625. 00 
,  875. 00 
,  845.  00 
,  358. 28 
,  394. 86 
,  750. 00 
,  512. 16 
',  463. 71 
,  704. 27 
,  181. 39 
,  750. 01 
,  005. 44 
,007.41 
',  781. 82 
,  987. 90J 
,  106. 44 
,  447. 83 
, 624. 88 
,  084. 24 
;  344. 74 
,  262. 47 
,  738. 04 
,419.75 
,  980.  93 
,  953. 20 
,444.48 
,  022. 88 
,  036. 19 
,191.34 
,  917. 28 
,  794.  86 
,  837. 12 
,  099.  68 
,  371. 00 
,  532. 39 
,  351.  35 
,  693. 64 
,411.30 
,296.81 
,161.55 
,591.47 
',  801. 77 
,  576. 04 
,  494. 12 
,  339.  55 
,  990. 78 
,  203. 97 
,418.87 
,  266. 18 
i,  534.  53 
,121.54 
,481.17 
,  948. 37 
,  032. 70 
,  975. 97 


$175, 

109, 

SO, 

81, 

68, 

100, 

92, 

104, 

95, 

64, 

73, 

85, 

62, 

80, 

81, 

81, 

70, 

82, 

87, 

83, 

75, 

91, 

86, 

90, 

69, 

188, 

297, 

890, 

2, 415, 

3,  208, 

242 

1,  948! 

1,  780, 

1, 499, 

1,  308, 

1,  556, 

976, 

850, 

949, 

1,303, 

1, 170, 

1,184, 

4, 589, 

3,  364, 

1,  954, 
2, 882, 
2, 672, 
2, 156, 
3,142, 

2,  603, 
2,  388, 

1,  378, 
839, 

2,  032, 
2, 400, 
1,811, 
1,744, 
1,227, 
1,328, 
1, 866, 
2, 293, 
2,401, 
1,  756, 
1, 232, 
1,  477, 
1,  296, 
1,310, 
1,219, 
1  222, 
1,'  lOo! 
1, 034, 

852, 
1,  078, 
4, 985, 


813. 88 
243. 15 
087. 81 
399. 24 
673. 22 
843.71 
256. 97 
845. 33 
444. 03 
130. 73 
533. 37 
440.  39 
902. 10 
092. 80 
854. 59 

875. 53 
500. 00 
576.04 

833. 54 
744.16 
043. 88 

402. 10 
989, 91 
164. 36 
656.  06 
804. 15 
374. 43 
719.  90 

939. 85 
376.31 
817.  25 
199. 40 
588. 52 
326.  59 
810. 57 
593. 83 

138. 86 

573. 57 

594. 47 

297. 31 
665. 14 
422. 40 
152. 40 
285. 30 

711. 32 
797. 96 
162.  45 

057. 29 
750. 51 
562. 17 
434. 51 
931.33 
041. 12 
008.  99 

788. 11 
097. 50| 
883.  63 

496. 48 

867. 64 
886. 02i 
377.  221 
858. 78 
306.  20 
665. 00 
612.33 

229. 65 

380. 58 

768. 30 
222.  71 
802.  32 
599. 73 
170. 47 
513.  36 
473.  90 


$1, 083 

4,672 

511 

750, 

1,  378 

801 

1,259 

1, 139 

1, 039 

1,  337, 
1, 114, 
1, 462, 
1, 842, 
2,191 
3,7 
2, 890 
1, 697, 
1,423 
1, 215, 
1,101 
1, 367, 
1.683 
1, 729, 
2, 208 
2, 898, 
2, 989: 
3,  518, 

'    3,835, 
3, 007, 

2,  592 
2,  223 
1, 967 
2,  022 
7, 155 
2,748 
2, 600, 

2,  713, 

3,  676 
3, 082, 
3,  237, 
3,064 
4, 577, 
5, 716, 
4,404 
4, 229, 
5, 393, 
9,893 
7,160 
5, 725 
5, 995 
6,  490 
6, 775, 
3, 202 
5, 645 
5,911 
6,711 
6,  885 
5, 650 

12,  885, 
16, 043, 
17, 888, 
17,  504 
17, 463 
20,  672, 
24,  090, 
31,794 
28,  505, 
26, 400 
23,  797 
27,  977, 
23, 327 
21, 385, 
23, 198, 
27, 572, 


,  971. 61 
,664.38 
,451.01 
',  350. 74 
,  920. 66 
,847.58 
,  422. 62 
,  524. 94 
,  391. 68 
,  613. 22 
,  768. 45 
,  929. 40 
,  635. 76 
,  009. 43 
,  598. 75 
i,  137.  01 
,  897.  51 
,  285. 61 
, 803. 79 
,  144. 98 
,  291. 40 
,  088. 21 
,  435. 61 
,  029.  70 
,  870. 47 
,  741. 17 
,  936. 76 
-,  839. 51 
,  211. 41 
,  021. 94 
,121.54 
,  990.  24 
,  093.  99 
,  308.  81 
,  544.  89 
',  177. 79 
,  476.  58 
;  052.  64 
,  234.  65 
,  416. 04 
,  646. 10 
,  141. 45 
,  245.  93 
,  728. 95 
.  698.  53 
,  279. 72 
,  370. 27 
,  664. 76 
,  990. 89 
,  398. 96 
,  881. 45 
,  624.  61 
,  713.  CO 
,  183. 86 
,  760. 98 
,  283. 89 
,  608.  35 
,  851.  25 
,  334. 24 
,  763. 36 
,  992. 18 
, 171. 45 
,  068. 01 
, 144. 68 
,  425. 43 
,  038. 87 
,  498. 77 
,  016. 42 
,  544. 40 
,  978. 30 
,  287. 69 
;  862. 59 
;,  382.  37 
,  216. 87 


*  For  the  half  year  from 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


147 


1789,  TO  June  30,  1893,  by  Calendar  Years  to  1843  and  by  Fiscal  Years,  ended 

THAT  TIME. 


Tear. 


'Net  ordinary  ex- 
penditures. 


Premiums. 


Interest. 


Public  debt. 


Gross  expendi- 
tures. 


Balance  in 
Treasury  at 
the  end  of 
the  year. 


1791 

1792 

1793 

1794 

1795 

1796 

1797 

1798 

1799 

1800 

1801 

1802 

1803 

1804 

1805 

1806 

1807 

1808 

1809 

1810 

1811 

1812 

1813 

1814 

1815 

1816 

1817 

1818 

1819 

1820 

1821 

1822 

1823 

1824 

1825 

1826 

1827 

1828 

1829 

1830 

1881 

1832 

1833 

1834 

1835 

1836 

1837 

1838 

1839 

1840 

1841 

1842 

1843' 

1844 

1845 

1846 

1847 

1848 

1849 

1850 

1851 

1852 

1853 

1854 

1855 

1856 

1857 

1858 

1859 

1800 

1861 

1862 

1863 

1864 


$1, 
5, 
1, 
3, 
4, 
2, 
2, 
4, 
6, 
7, 
4, 
3, 
4, 
4, 
6, 
€, 
4, 
6, 
7, 
5, 
5, 
17, 
28, 
30, 
26, 
23, 
15, 
13, 
IG, 
13, 
10, 
9, 
9, 
15, 
11, 
13, 
12, 
13, 
12, 
13, 
13, 
16, 
22, 

is! 

17, 
30, 
37, 
33, 
26, 
24, 
26, 
24, 
11, 
20, 
21, 
26, 
53, 
45, 
39, 
37, 
44, 
40, 
44, 
51, 
56, 
66, 
66, 
72, 
66, 
60, 
62, 
456, 
694, 
811, 


589. 
258. 
070. 
299. 
541. 
303. 
110. 
710. 
IGG. 
369. 
669. 
079. 
824. 
858. 
234. 
209. 
572. 
338. 
672. 
082. 
604. 
498. 
396. 
686. 
571. 
432. 
609. 
673. 
273. 
530. 
479. 
643. 
154. 
144. 
459. 
316. 
095. 
041. 
210. 
533. 
067. 
388. 
755. 
417. 
950. 
104. 
214. 
718. 
948. 
920. 
840. 
336. 
508. 
108. 
369. 
4.59. 
569. 
454. 
542. 
990. 
717. 
954. 
156. 
528. 
197. 
527. 
143. 
437. 
950. 
754. 
055. 
896. 
575. 
079. 


$18, 231. 43 


82,865.81 


69, 713. 19 
170,  063. 42 
420,498.64 
42,  2,877,818.69 
72i  872, 047. 39 
04|  385,  372.  CO 
70|  363,  572.  39 
17  i      574,443. 


81! 

50' 

I4I 


$1, 177, 
2,373, 
2,  097, 
2, 752, 
2,  947, 
3,239, 
3, 172, 
2, 955, 
2, 815, 
3, 402, 
4,411, 
4,  239, 
3, 949, 
4,185, 
2,  657, 

3. 368, 

3. 369, 
2,  557, 

2,  866, 
3,163, 
2,585, 
2, 451, 
3, 599, 
4,  593, 
5, 990, 
7,  822, 
4,  53G. 
6, 209, 
5,211. 
5, 151, 
5, 12G, 
5. 172, 
4, 922, 
4, 943, 
4,360, 

3,  975, 
3, 486, 
3,  098, 
2, 542. 
1. 912, 
1,  373, 

772, 
303, 
202, 


863. 03 
611.28 
859. 17 
523.  04 
059. 06 
347.68 
516.  73 
875. 90 
651.  41 
GOl.  04 
830.  06 
172.16 
462. 36 
048. 74 
114.22 
908.  26 
578. 48 
074. 23 
074. 90 
671.09 
435.  57 
272.57 
455. 22 

239. 04 
000. 24 
923. 34 
282. 55 
954. 03 
730.  56 
004. 32 
073.  79 
788.  79 
475.  40 
557.  93 
757.40 
542.  95 
071.  51 
800.  60 
843.  23 
574.  93 
748. 74 
561.50 
796. 87 
152.98 
863. 08 


693, 
2, 633, 
2,  743, 
2, 841, 
2, 577, 
2,  617, 

976, 

1,  706, 
1, 138, 

2,  879, 

5,  294, 

3,  306, 

3,  977, 

4,  583, 
5, 572, 
2, 938, 
7,701, 

3,  586, 

4,  835, 
5,414, 

1,  998, 
7,  508, 
3, 307, 

6,  638, 
17, 048, 
20,  886, 
15, 086, 

2, 492. 
3,477, 
3,241, 

2,  676, 
607, 

11,624, 

7,  728, 
7,  065, 
6,517, 
9,  064, 
9,  860, 
9,443, 

14, 800, 

17,  067, 

1,  239, 

5,  974, 


984.23 
050.25 
048.  07 
771. 13 
639.  3 
126. 01 
250. 12 
032.09 
578. 84 

563. 11 
876.  98 
235.24 
G97.  07 
200.  07 
960.  63 

018.  64 
141.62 
288.  96 
479.26 

241. 12 
564.  43 
349, 88 
668. 22 
304. 90 
832. 11 
139. 59 
753.  57 
247.  59 
195.  73 
489.  96 

019.  83 
160. 33 
541.  01 
835.  83 
587. 38 
539. 24 
596. 88 

637. 47 
304. 77 
173.  29 

629. 48 
747.  79 
746.  51 
412.21 
328. 20 


14, 

399, 

174, 

284, 

773, 

523, 

1,  833, 

1,  040, 

842, 

1,119, 

2, 390, 

3, 565, 

3, 782, 

3,  G9G, 

4, 000, 

3,  665, 
3, 070, 
2,314, 
1,953, 
1,  593, 

1,  652. 

2,  637, 
3,144, 

4,  034, 
13, 190, 
24,  729, 
53,  685, 


996.  48 
833. 89 
598.  08 
977.  55 
549. 85 
583. 91 
452.13 
458. 18 
723.  27 
214. 72 
765.  88 
535.  78 
393. 03 
700. 75 
297.  80 
832. 74 
92G.  69 
464.  99 
822. 37 
205.  23 
055.  67 
649.  70 
120.  94 
157.30 
344.84 
700.  62 
421. 69 


21, 

5,  590, 

10, 718, 

3,912, 

5,315, 

7,801, 

338, 

11, 158, 

7,  536, 

371, 

5,  600, 

13,  036, 
12. 804, 

3,  0.-)6, 

654, 

2, 152, 

6,  412, 

17,  556, 
6, 662, 
3,  614, 
3,  276. 
7, 505, 

14,  685, 
13, 854. 

18,  737, 
96,  097, 

181,081, 
430,  572, 


822. 91 
723. 79 
153.  53 
015.  62 
712. 19 
990.  09 
012.64 
450.71 
349. 49 

100. 04 
067.  65 
922.  54 
478.54 
335.  14 
912.71 

293. 05 
574.01 
896.  95 
065.  86' 
618. 66 
606.  05 
250. 82 
043. 15 
250.  00 
100. 00 
322. 09 
635. 07 
014. 03 


40, 
35 
24 
21 
19. 
1 

15, 
31 
23 
24, 
22 
25 
25 
24 
30 
34 
24, 
24 
17 
30 
37 
39 
37 
28, 
31 
32 
12 
33 
30 
27 
60 
60 
56 
44 
48 
46 
54, 
75, 
06 
72, 
71 
82, 
83 
77 
85 
565 
899 
1,295 


January  1  to  June  30,  1843. 


797, 
962, 
479, 
041, 
151, 
367, 
625, 
583, 
002, 
952, 
273, 
270, 
258, 
615, 
598, 
021, 
292, 
762, 
867, 
309, 
592, 
279, 
190, 
028, 
582, 
244, 
877, 
104, 
O04, 
763, 
090, 
676, 
314, 
898, 
585, 
103, 
656, 
459, 
044, 
585, 
038, 
356, 
257, 
601, 
573, 
868. 
265; 
455, 
614, 
226, 
797, 
936, 
118, 
642, 
490, 
632, 
520, 
655, 
386, 
604, 
476, 
712, 
577, 
473, 
164. 
726, 
274, 
062, 
678, 
055, 
387, 
607, 
815, 
541, 


436. 78 
920. 00 
977.  97 
593. 17 
240.15 
776. 84 
877. 37 
618. 41 
396. 97 
534. 12 
376. 94 
487.31 
983.67 
113.72 
309. 47 
196. 26 
292.  99 
702.04 
226. 30 
994. 49 
604. 86 
121. 15 
520.  3G 
230.  32 
493.  35 
495. 51 
646. 04 
875. 40 

199. 73 
024.  85 
572. 69 
592.  63 
171.00 
538.47 
804. 72 
398. 46 1 
764. 04' 
479.52 
358.40' 
281.55' 
446. 12: 
698. 06 
298.49 
982. 44 
141.  56 
164. 04 
037. 15 
438.  35 
936. 15 
533. 81 
530.  03 
876.  53 
105. 15 
010.  85 
408. 71 
282. 90 

851. 74 
143. 19 
422.  74 
718. 26 
104.  31 
608.  83 
061.  74 

170. 75 
775. 96 
341.  57 
587.  37 
186. 74 
642. 92 
125.  65 
313.  08 
503.  74 
911. 25 
114.  86 


$973, 

783, 

753, 

1,151, 

516, 

888, 

1, 021. 

617, 

2, 161, 

2,623, 

3,  295, 

5, 020, 

4, 825, 

4,037, 

3,  999, 

4,538, 

9,043, 

9, 941, 

3,848, 

2,  672, 

3,  502, 
3, 862, 
5, 196, 
1, 727, 

13, 106, 
22, 033, 
14,  989, 
1,478, 
2, 079, 
1,198, 
1,681, 

4,  237, 
9, 463, 
1, 946, 
5,201, 
6,  358, 
6, 668, 

5,  972, 
5, 755, 

6,  014. 
4,  502, 
2,011, 

11,  702, 

8,  892, 

26,  749, 

46,  708, 

37,  327, 
36,  891, 

33. 157, 
29, 963, 

28,  685, 
30,521, 
39. 186, 
36, 742, 
36, 194, 

38,  261, 
33,  079, 

29,  416. 
32.  827, 
35,871, 

40. 158, 
43,  338, 
50, 261, 
48,  591, 
47,777, 
49, 108, 
46,  802, 
35, 113, 
33, 193, 
32, 979, 

30,  963, 
46, 965, 
36,  523, 

134,  433, 


905. 75 
444.51 
661.  69 

924. 17 
442.61 

995. 42 
899.  04 
451.  43 

867. 77 
31L  99 
391. 00 
697.64 
811.60 
005.  25 
388.  99 
123.  80 
850. 07 
809.  96 

056. 78 
276. 57 

305. 80 

217. 41 
542. 00 
848. 63 
592. 88 
519. 19 
465. 48 

520. 74 
992.  38 
461.21 
592. 24 
427. 55 

922. 81 
597. 13 

650. 43 

686. 18 
286. 10 
435. 81 
704.  79 

539. 75 
914.45 
777. 55 
905. 31 

858. 42 
803. 96 
436. 00 
252. 69 
196.  94 
503. 68 
163. 46 
111.08 

979. 44 
284.  74 
829.  62 
274. 81 
959. 65 

276. 43 
612.  45 
082.  69 
753.31 
353.  25 
860.  02 
901. 09 
073. 41 
672. 13 
229. 80 
855.  00 
334.  22 
248.  60 
530. 78 
857. 83 
304. 87 
046. 13 

738. 44 


148  REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 

Table  N. — Statkment  of  thk  Expenditurks  of  the  United 


Tear. 

"War. 

Navy. 

Indians. 

Pensions. 

Miscellaneous. 

1865   

$1,  030,  690, 400. 06 
283,154,676.06 

$122, 617, 434. 07 
43, 285,  602. 00 

$5, 059,  360. 71 
3,  295,  729.  32 

$16, 347, 621. 34 
15,  605,  549.  88 

$42,  989,  383. 10 
40,613,114.17 

1866  

3,  568, 638,  312. 28 
*3, 621,  780.07 

717,551,816.39 
*77, 992. 17 

103,369,211.42 
*53,  286. 61 

119,  007.  656. 01 
*9,  737.  87 

643,  6U4.  554. 33 
♦718,  769.  52 

1867   

3, 572, 260,  092.  35 
95, 224, 415.  63 
123,  246,  648.  62 
78,501,990.61 
57,  655, 675.  40 
35,  799,  991.  82 
35,  372, 157.  20 
46,  323, 138.  31 

42,  313, 927.  22 
41,120,645.98 
38,  070,  888. 64 
37,082,735.90 
32,154,147.85 
40,  425,  600.  73 
38,110,910.22 
40,  406,  460.  55 

43,  570,  494. 19 
48,  911,  382. 93 
39, 429,  003. 36 
42,  070,  578. 47 
34,  324, 152.  74 
38,561,025.85 
38,  522, 436. 11 

44,  435,  270. 85 
44,  582,  838.  08 
48,  720,  065. 01 
46,  895,  456.  30 
49, 641, 773. 47 

717,  629,  808.  56 
31,034,011.04 
25, 775,  502. 72 
20, 000,  757.  97 
21,  780,  229.  87 
19, 431,  027.  21 
21, 249,  809.  99 
23,  526,  256. 79 
30,  932,  587.  42 
21, 497,  626. 27 
18,963,309.82 
14,  959,  935.  36 
17,365,301.37 
15, 125, 126. 84 
13,  536,  984.  74 

103, 422, 498. 03 
4,  642,  531.  77 
4, 100,  682. 32 
7,  042, 923. 06 

119,  617, 393.  83 
20, 936,  551. 71 
23,  782,  386. 78 
28.476.621.78 

644,  323, 323. 85 
51, 110, 223.  72 
53,  009,  807.  67 
56, 474,  001.  53 

53,  237,  461.  56 
60,481.916.23 
60,  984,  757.  42 
73, 328, 110. 06 
85, 141,  593.  61 
71, 070,  702. 98 
73,599,661.04 
58, 926,  532.  53 
58,177,703.57 
63,  741,  555.  49 

54.  713.  529.  76 

1868  

1869 

1870 

3, 407,  938. 15]   28,  340, 202. 17 
7, 426, 997. 44   34, 443,  894.  88 
7,  061,  728.  82,   28,  533,  402. 76 

7,  951,  704. 88   29,  359,  426.  86 
6,  692,  462.  09,   29,  038,  414.  66 

8,  384, 056.  82|   29,  456,  216. 22 
5,  906, 558. 17   28,  257,  395.  69 
5,  277, 007. 22   27,  963,  752. 27 
4,  629,  280. 28   27. 137.  019.  08 

1871 

1872  

1873  

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 

5,  206, 109. 08 
5.  945.  457.  09 

35,121,482.39 
56,  777, 174.  44 

18S0 

1881    

15,  686,  671. 66    6,  514, 161.  09 
15,  032,  046. 20    9, 736, 747. 40 
15, 283,  437. 17    7,  362,  590.  34 
17,  202,  601.  44    6.  475.  999.  29 

50,  059, 279. 62   64, 416,  324. 71 
61,345,193.95   57,219,750.98 
66,  012, 573. 64   68,  678,  022. 21 
55, 429,  228. 06   70. 920.  433.  70 

18S2 

1883 

188^ 

1885 

16,  021,  079.  67 
13,  907,  887. 74 
15, 141, 126.  80 
16,  920, 437.  65 

21,  378,  809.  31 

22,  006,  200. 24 
26,113,896.46 
29,174,138.98 
30, 136, 084. 43 

6,  552,  494. 63 
6,  099, 158. 17 
6, 194,  522. 69 
6,  249,  307. 87 
6,  892,  207. 78 
6,  708,  046.  67 
8,  527,  469.  01 
11, 150,  577.  07 
13,  345,  347. 27 

06, 102,  267. 49 
63, 404,  864.  03 
75,029,101.79 
80,  288, 508. 77 
87, 624,  779. 11 
106,  936,  855. 07 
124, 415,  951. 40 
134, 583,  052. 79 
159,  357,  557. 87 

87, 494,  258. 38 
74, 166, 929. 85 
85,  234,  825. 59 
72, 952,  260. 80 
80,  664,  064. 26 
81, 403,  256. 49 

110,  048, 167.  491 
99,841,988.011 

103, 732, 799. 27j 

188n  

1887 

1888 

1883  

1890 

1891    

1892    

1893  

Total 

4, 874, 400, 570. 39il,  266, 908,  699.  78 

288,  967, 165. 101,  667, 830, 549. 16'2,  572, 124,  083. 36 

1            1            1 

Note. 


*  Outstanding 
-This  statement  is  made  from  -warrants  paid  by  the  Treasurer  up  to  June  30,  1866.    The 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  149 

States  from  March  i,  1789,  to  Juxe  30,  1893,  etc. — Continued. 


Vpnr  ^^^  ordinary  ex- 
^^^^-       pendi  tunes. 


Premiuma. 


1865  $1, 217,  704, 190.  28  $1,  717, 900. 11 
18C6         385,  954,  731.  431        58,  47C.  51 


Interest. 


Public  debt. 


Gross  expendi- 
tures . 


$77, 395,  090.  30   $609,  616, 141.  C8  $1, 906, 433,  331. 37 
133,  007,  624.  91     620,  203,  249. 10|  1, 139,  344, 081.  95 


Balance  in 

Treasury  at 

the  end  of 

the  j^ear. 

.$33,  933,  657. 89 
165, 301,  654.  76 


5, 152,  771,  550. 43 
*4,  481,  566.  24' 


7,  Oil,  003.  56 


502,  689,  519.  2? 
*2,  888.  48 


2, 374,  677, 103. 12   8, 037,  749, 176. 38 
»100.  31         *4,  484, 555.  03 


*4, 484, 555.  03 


1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 


5, 157, 
202, 
229, 
190, 
164, 
157, 
153, 
180, 
194, 
171, 
164, 
144, 
134, 
161, 
1G9, 
177, 
186, 
200, 
189, 
208, 
191, 
220, 
214, 
240, 
261, 
317, 
321, 
356, 


116.  67 
733.  87 
OSS.  11 
354.  95 
507. 15 
827.  58 
856. 19 
636. 90 
985.  00 
848. 27 
813.36 
963.  28' 
452. 15| 
934.  53' 
062.  25! 
897.  03 
232. 78' 
006.  23' 
865. 85| 
678.  64 
992.  53 
602.  72l 
951. 20j 
131.311 
202. 55 
549.  37 
214.35 
562.  31 


7,  611.  003.  561 
10,  813,  349.  38 
7,001,151.04 
1,674,080.05 
15,  996, 555.  60l 
0,  016,  794. 74! 
6,  958.  266.  76l 
5, 105, 919.  99 
1, 395,  073.  55 


2,  795,  320. 42 
1,  061,  248.  78 


8,  270, 842. 46 
17,  292, 362. 65 
20, 304, 224. 00 
10,401,220.61 


502, 

143, 

140, 

130. 

129, 

125, 

117, 

104, 

107, 

103, 

100, 

97, 

102, 

105, 

95, 

82, 

71. 

59, 

54, 

51, 

50, 

47, 

44, 

41, 

36 

37', 

23, 

27, 


092, 
781, 
424, 
694, 
235, 
576, 
357, 
750, 
119, 
093. 
243, 
124, 
SCO, 
327, 

508i 
077, 
160, 
578, 
386, 
580, 
741, 
71.5. 
001, 
099, 
547, 
378, 
264, 


407. 75  2, 
591.  91 
045.  71 
242.  80 
498.  00 
565.  93 
839.  72 
688.  44 
815.21 
544. 57 
271.23 
511.58 
874.  65 
049. 00 
575. 11 
741. 18 
206.  79 
131.25 
378.  48 
256. 47 
145.  97 
577. 25 
007. 47 
484.  29 
284.  05 
135. 37 
116.23 
392. 18 


374,  677, 
735,  536, 
692,  549, 
261,912, 
393,  254, 
399,  503, 
405.  007, 
233, 690, 
422,  065, 
407,  377. 
449,  345, 
323,  965, 
353,  676, 
699, 445, 
432,  590, 
165, 152, 
271,  646, 
590,  083, 
260,  520, 
211,  760, 
205, 210, 
271,901, 
249,  760, 
318, 922, 
312,  206, 
305,  352, 
338. 995, 
389,  530, 


203. 43 
980. 11 
685.  88 
718.31 
282. 13 
67o!  65 

307. 54 
352. 58 
060.  23 
492. 48 
272.  80 
424. 05 
944.90 
809. 16 
280.41 
335.  05 

299. 55 
829. 96 
690.  50 
353. 43 
709.  36 
321.15 
258.  05 
412.35 
367. 50 
470. 8 
958. 98 
044. 50 


8,  042, 
1,  093, 
1, 069. 
584, 
702, 
691, 
682, 
524, 
724, 
682, 
714, 
565, 
590, 
966, 
700, 
425, 
529, 
855, 
504, 
471, 
447, 
5.39, 
517, 
618, 
630, 
731, 
684, 


731.41 
655.  27 
970. 74 

996. 11 
842.  88 
858.  90 
270.  21 
597.  91 
933.  99 
885.  32 
357.  39! 
898.  911 
271. 70j 
692. 69; 
238. 19 
222. 04 
739. 12! 
967.  50 
934.831 
288. 54 
847.  86 

501. 12 
059. 18 
390.  60 
078. 16 
376. 22 
289.  56 
998.  99 


160,  817, 
198,  076, 
158,936. 
183,  781, 

177,  604, 
138,  019, 
134, 666, 
159,  293. 

178,  833, 
172,  804, 
149,  909. 
214, 887, 
286, 591, 
386,  832, 
231,  940, 
280,  607, 
275,  450, 
374, 189, 
424,  941, 
521,  794, 
526,  848, 
512,851, 
659,  449, 
673,  399, 
eel.  527, 
726, 222, 
778,  604, 
738,  467, 


C99. 73 
537.  09 
082.  87 
985.  76 
116.51 
122. 15 
001.  85 
673. 41 
339. 54 
061.  32 
377.21 
645.  88 
453.  88 
588.  65 
064. 44 
668.  37 
903. 53 
081.98 
403. 07 
026.  26 
755. 46 
434.  36 
099.  94 
118. 18 
403.  76 
332.  60 
339.  28 
555.  07 


10,  670,  231,  067. 79:125,698,013.65  2,732,718,278.  59  12,535,656,535. 91  26,  064, 303, 895. 94 


■vrarraiit.s. 
outstandinj 


warrants  arc  then  added,  and  the  statement  is  by  warrants  issued  from  that  date. 


150 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


Table  O.— Statement  of  the  Receipts  and  Disbursements  by  United  States 
Assistant  Treasurers  during  the  Fiscal  Year  ended  June  30,  1893. 

BALTIMORE. 
Balance  June  30, 1892 $13, 979^  288. 37 

RECEIPTS. 

On  account  of  customs $4,569,906.68 

On  account  of  internal  revenue 998.82 

On  accoimt  of  gold  certificates,  series  1888 515, 000. 00 

On  account  of  certificates  of  deposit,  act  of  June  8, 1872 7,  82«,  000. 00 

On  account  of  semiannual  duty 13,  237.55 

On  account  of  Post-Offioe  Department 425,403.23 

On  account  of  transfers  Treasurer's  general  account 6,022,547.86 

On  account  of  disbursing  officers 3,  098,  270.  09 

On  account  of  tlie  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 4,557.19 

On  account  of  transfer  account  of  tlie  Treasurer  United  States 1,  542, 091. 33 

On  account  of  repayments ■ 40, 415. 80 

On  account  of  redemption  and  exchange 8,  894, 127. 50 

On  account  of  miscellaneous 5, 480.  SO 

33, 552, 162. 35 

47,531,450.72 
DISDUESEMEiNTS. 

On  account  of  Treasury  drafts $4  379,086.91 

On  account  of  interest 414,  964.  50 

On  account  of  redemption  and  exchange 8,  905,  937.50 

On  account  of  gold  certificates,  series  1888 740,000.00 

On  account  of  transfers 10, 617, 000. 00 

On  account  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasurv 3,  887. 89 

On  account  of  certificates  of  deposit,  act  of  June  8, 1872 9,  C50,  000.  00 

On  account  of  Post-Oflice  drafts 414. 356.  07 

On  account  of  disbursing  otficers 3,103,002.  56 

On  account  of  t^.^nsi■er  account  of  Treasurer  United  States 707,  348. 53 

On  account  of  miscellaneous 6.  00 

38,  936. 189. 96 

Balance  June  30, 1893 8,595,260.76 


BOSTON. 
Balance  June  30, 1892 $9,128,152.22 


On  accotmt  of  customs $18, 143, 914. 91 

On  accotmt  of  certificates  of  deposit,  act  of  Jimo  8,  1872 2, 740, 000. 00 

On  account  of  Post-Olfice  Department 3, 481,  224. 11 

On  accotmt  of  transfers : 

Treasurer's 28,  024, 085. 53 

Stiindard  dollars 2,428,800.00 

On  account  of  patent  fees 6,457.75 

On  account  of  disbursing  officers 30, 092, 007. 66 

On  account  of  semiannual  duty 132,264.22 

On  account  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 9,  259. 06 

On  account  of  redemption  and  exchange 11,  366, 126.  00 

On  account  of  miscellaneous 1,729,110.25 


3,153,249.49 


107, 281, 401. 71 


DISBURSEMENTS. 

On  account  of  Treasury  drafts $20.  381,432,47 

On  account  of  Post-Office  drafts 3,  554, 154.  67 

On  account  of  disbursing  officers 30, 375, 440. 79 

On  account  of  interest ^ 2, 434, 114. 48 

On  accoimt  of  redemption  and  exchange 9,  745, 155. 00 

On  account  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 8,956.08 

On  account  of  transfers 25,  210, 479.  39 

On  account  of  United  States  notes  mutilated 4,705,011.00 

On  account  of  certificates  of  deposit,  act  of  June  8,  1872 2,  595,  000. 00 

On  account  of  fractional  curreucj-  (silver  and  minor  coins)  redeemed. .  1, 643,  691.  00 

On  account  of  miscellaneous 5,455.52 

100,658,890.40 

Balance  June  30,  1893 6,622,511.31 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE  TREASURY.            151 
Table  O. — Receipts  axd  Disbuksemexts,  etc. — Coutiuued. 

CHICAGO. 
B.aLancc  June  30,  1892 $13,409,153.47 

RECEIPTS. 

On  account  of  customs $10,838,402.50 

On  account  of  internal  revenue 1, 145,  OIC.  77 

On  account  of  sales  of  public  lands _3, 5G6. 24 

On  account  of  gold  certificates 570.  000.00 

On  .account  of  certificate  of  deposit,  act  June  8,  1872 900.000.00 

On  account  of  Post-Office  Department 7,  837, 732.  43 

On  account  of  transfers  : 

Treasurer's 49,955,274.09 

Standard  dollars 4,887,605.00 

On  account  of  patent  fees 3,351.00 

On  account  of  disbursing  officers 20,700,622.20 

On  account  of  semiannual  duty 17, 405. 71 

On  account  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 14, 473. 01 

On  account  of  pajTnents 2.38,  855. 41 

On  account  of  redemption  and  exchange 9, 397,  266. 00 

On  account  of  misceUaneoua 105, 250. 48 

106,694,820.84 


120. 103,  974.  31 


DISBLT.SEMEXTS. 


On  account  of  Treasury  drafts $23,672,807.33 

On  account  of  Post-Oltice  drafts 7,788,574.38 

On  account  of  disbursing  officers 20,  058, 130.  88 

On  account  of  gold  certificates 744,  000. 00 

On  account  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 19.  ilO.  20 

On  account  of  interest ." 450, 741.  59 

On  account  of  redemption  and  exchange 9,  292,  823.00 

On  accoiint  of  gold  certificates,  series  1888 3, 185,  000.  00 

On  account  of  silver  certificates 6,171,000.00 

On  account  of  transfers 30,792,977.20 

On  account  of  United  States  notes  mntilated 4,701,  OOO.  00 

On  account  of  certificates  of  deposit,  act  of  June  8,  1372 2,680,000.00 

110,156,164.58 

9, 047,  809. 73 

Balance  June  30, 1893 120,103,974.31 

CI^X'IXXATI. 
Balance  June  30, 1892 $14,  989,  370.  C9 

RECEIPTS. 

On  account  of  customs $2,463,090.96 

On  account  of  internal  revemie 620,  779.  58 

On  account  of  Treasurv  notes 1,  044,  000.  00 

On  account  of  certificates  r-''  deposit,  act  June  8, 1872 650,  COO.  00 

On  account  of  semiannual  duty 25,  601.  52 

On  account  of  Post-Office  Department 2,702,  514,47 

On  account  of  patent  fees 176.20 

On  account  of  transfers,  Treasurer's  general  account 10,  708,  057.09 

On  account  of  disbursing  officers 2, 388, 800. 58 

On  account  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 15. 465. 16 

On  account  of  transfer  account  of  Treasurer  United  States 4, 055, 19'.).  82 

On  account  of  repayments 8,  "63. 84 

On  account  of  recleniption  and  exchange 3, 763,  501.  03 

On  account  of  miscellaneous 147, 100.  89 

28,  663,  864. 74 

DISBCRSEMEXTS.  43,  653,  241.  73 

On  account  Of  Treasury  drafts $2, 559, 304. 00 

On  account  of  interest 490,931.29 

On  account  of  redemption  and  exchange 2,  572,  819.  00 

On  account  of  gold  certificates 548,  000.  00 

On  account  of  tran.sfers 13,130,018.95 

On  account  of  United  States  notes  mutilated 2,  78,S,  000. 00 

On  account  of  certificates  of  deposit,  act  of  June  8, 1872 1, 170,  COO.  00 

On  account  of  Post-Office  drafts 2,  803,  952. 11 

On  account  of  disbursing  officers 2, 367,  598.  06 

On  account  of  transfer  account  of  Treasurer  United  States 7, 538, 515. 07 

On  account  of  fractional  currency  (silver  and  minor  coins)  redeemed 1, 190,  955.  63 

On  account  of  miscellaneous 17,  997. 96 

37, 184, 092. 07 

Balance  June  30, 1893 6  469,149.66 


152 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


TaBLK   O. — RlXKU'TS   AND   DiSBURSEMKXTS,   ETC. — CoutiuUCCl. 

NEW  ORLEANS. 

Balance  June  30, 1S92 $22,048,149.73 

EECEirXS. 

On  account  of  custom.s $2, 041,  074.  68 

On  account  of  internal  revenue 7.')8,  983.  72 

On  account  of  sales  of  public  landa 58,491.34 

On  account  of  semiannual  duty 16, 760. 70 

On  account  of  PostUffico  Department 1, 208,  890. 97 

On  account  of  patent  foes 320.00 

On  account  of  transfers.  Treasurer's  general  account 19,  232, 557.  21 

On  account  of  disbur.sing  officers 4,  903, 878.  74 

On  account  of  assay  office,  bullion 1,260.39 

On  account  of  the  tiocretary  of  the  Treasury 3, 025.  52 

On  account  of  transfer  account  of  Treasurer  United  States 2,9.54,198.71 

On  account  of  repayments 36, 117.38 

On  account  of  redemption  and  exchange 3,931,030.00 

On  account  of  miscellaneous 15i  612.  83 


35,  223, 138. 19 
57, 271, 2S7.  92 

DISBURSEMENTS. 

On  account  of  tlio  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 2,754.37 

Ou  account  Tieasury  drafts 14, 437,  008.  39 

On  account  of  interest 92,  491. 12 

On  account  of  redemption  and  exchange 3,931,030.00 

On  account  of  gold  certificates 1,  020,  500.  00 

Ou  account  of  transfers 4,  878,  503.  50 

On  account  of  United  States  notes  mutilated 1,030,000.00 

On  account  of  silver  certificates  mutilated 1,  332.  000,00 

On  account  of  Post-Office  drafts 1,200,742.18 

On  account  of  disbursing  officers 4,  855.  299. 23 

On  account  of  transfer  account  of  Treasurer  United  States 117,107.17 

On  account  of  national-bank  notes 761, 000. 00 

On  account  of  Treasury  notes,  1890 280,000.00 

33,  950,  435. 96 

Balance  June  30, 1893 23,320,851.96 

NEW  TOKK. 
Balance  June  30, 1S02 $118,222,977.69 

RECEIPTS. 

On  account  of  customs $142,  625,  839.  94 

On  account  of  internal  revenue 61,831.  45 

On  account  of  gold  certificates 2,  825,  000.  00 

On  account  of  certificates  of  deposit,  act  of  June  8,1872 15,910,000.00 

On  account  of  semiannual  duty 168,  539. 02 

On  account  of  Post-Office  Department 15, 411,  936. 51 

On  account  of  p.atcntfees ; 2,247.50 

On  account  of  transfers.  Treasurer's  general  account 227, 442, 432.  51 

On  account  of  standard  silver  dollars 3,  905,  575. 00 

On  account  of  disbursing  officers 259,  070,  213. 68 

On  account  of  as3.ij'  office : 

Ordinarv  expenses I?3,  694. 15 

Bullion 'fund , 16,530,959.70 

On  account  of  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 32, 194.11 

On  account  of  tr.insfer  account  of  Treasurer  United  States 62,  719,  053.  37 

On  account  of  interest 25,  680, 159. 45 

On  account  of  redemption  and  exchange 312,173,593.  72 

On  account  of  miscellaneous 2,  859,  254.05 

On  account  of  Pacific  Railroad  bonds  purchased 1,  977,  017. 11 

On  account  of  special  customs  deposits 170,871,059.90 

^  1,263,050,601.17 


1,379,273,578. 86 


•      ilEPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  153 

Table  O. — Receipts  and  Disbcrsemexts,  etc. — Coutinucd. 

DISBCRSEMEXTS. 

On  account  of  Treasury  drafts $271,787,048.91 

On  account  of  interest' 25,  680, 159.  45 

On  RLCOuut  of  redemption  and  exchange 312,  308,  637.  72 

On  account  of  gold  cert ificates 43, 110,  800.  00 

On  account  of  United  States  notes  mutilated 50, 483,  010.  00 

On  account  of  ccrtiticates  of  deposit,  act  of  June  8,1872 26,315,000.00 

On  account  of  PostOffice  drafts 15,  876,  551. 88 

On  account  of  disbursing  otiicers 213,  535,835.40 

On  account  of  assay  office : 

Ordinary  expenses 169,  763. 79 

Bullion  "fund 14,127.818.21 

On  account  of  Pacific  Eaiiroad  bonds  purchased 1,  977. 017. 11 

On  account  of  special  customs  deposits 170,  892,  001.48 

On  account  of  Treasury  notes  of  1390  mutilated 27,  920,  020. 00 

On  account  of  silver  ceVtiflcatcs  mutilated 54, 100,  007.  00 

On  account  of  national-ljank  notes  redeemed 2,  582,  000.00 

On  account  of  fractional  paper  currency  redeemed 923.  00 

On  account  of  transfer  acccount  of  Treasurer  United  States 59,  013,  391.  31 

$,1,289,952,650.32 

Balance  June  30, 1893 " 89,320,928.54 


PHILADELPHIA. 
Balance  June  30, 1892 $24,475,545.58 


On  account  of  customs $11, 402,  330.  03 

On  account  of  transfer  account  Treasurer  United  States  .  -^ ...  5,  218,  097.  05 

On  account  of  special  deposit  account  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury of  the  United  States 2, 150.  95 

On  account  of  certiiicates.  act  of  June  8, 1872 13,  890,  000.  CO 

On  account  of  Post-Office  Department 4,  015, 140.  86 

On  account  of  transfers  of  funds 38, 688, 858. 26 

On  account  of  patent  fees 1,  327.70 

On  account  of  disbursing  officers 24,  585, 222. 95 

On  account  of  redemption  and  exchange 23,646,626.00 

On  account  of  semiannual  duty 08,  283.42 

On  account  of  gold  certificates,  series  of  1888 1,310,  000. 00 

On  account  of  suspense  account 1,  311.71 

On  account  of  miscellaneous 1,  245,  508.  33 

■        124,  074,  857.  26 

148,  550,  402.  84 
DISErRSEMEXTS. 

On  account  of  Treasury  drafts $23,  695,  623.  01 

On  account  of  PostOflice  drafts 4, 108, 400. 94 

On  account  of  disbursing  accounts 24, 601,  882.  03 

On  account  of  redemption  and  exchange 23,  770,  561.  00 

On  account  of  special  deposit  account  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury of  the  United  States 7,  682.  07 

On  account  of  interest  coupons  and  interest  checks 1,433, 148. 12 

On  account  of  transfer  account,  Treasurer  United  States 1, 354,  5G1.  83 

On  account  of  transfers  of  funds 27,187,000.05 

On  account  of  miscellaneous 6,  275. 22 

On  account  of  certificates  of  deposit,  act  of  June  8, 1872 17,  720,  000.  00 

On  account  of  gold  certificates,  series  of  1888 5,590,000.00 

On  account  of  suspense  account 1,  311.  71 

129,  386,  445.  0- 

Balance  June  30, 1893 19, 163,  956.  t;!. 


154 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


Taulk  O. — Rkceipts  and  Disiuiisemexts,  etc. — Contiuued. 

ST.  LOUIS. 
Balance  June  30,  1892 $23,  793,  713. 33 

RECEIPTS. 

On  account  of  customs $2,234,408.90 

On  account  of  iuttrnal  revenue 23,300.94 

On  account  of  sale.s  of  public  lands 44,  66.5.  55 

On  account  of  cortiticatcs  of  deposit,  act  of  June  8,  1872 25,'),  000.  00 

On  account  of  semiannual  duty 4,  634. 09 

On  accoun  t  of  Post-Office  Department 2,  685, 130. 95 

On  account  of  patent  fees 2,  303. 90 

On  account  of  transfers,  Treasurer's  general  account 35,  292,  555. 80 

On  account  of  disbursing  officers 26,527,955.33 

On  account  of  assay  office  : 

Ordinary  expenses 5,  892.  32 

Bullion  '. 700,  000.  00 

On  account  of  the  Secretarj"  of  the  Treasury 31,  283.  90 

On  account  of  transfer  account  of  Treasurer  United  States 2, 477,  340. 77 

On  account  of  suspense  account -  262. 00 

On  account  of  repayments 247,  111.  65 

On  account  of  redeinptiou  and  exchange 8,  286,  773.  75 

On  account  of  misocllaueous ". 132, 992. 46 

78,  951 ,  708.  31 

102,  745, 421.  64 
DISBURSEMENTS. 

On  account  of  Treasury  drafts $26,  057, 112. 73 

On  account  of  interest' 207,  291.  00 

On  account  of  redemption  and  exchange '. 8,  277,  403.73 

On  account  of  transfers 13,481,373.84 

On  account  of  U.  S.  notes  mutilated 984,000.00 

On  account  of  certificates  of  deposit,  act  of  June  8, 1872 210,  OOO.  00 

On  account  of  post-office  drafts '2, 653,  595.  33 

On  account  of  disbursing  officers 25,  248, 076. 04 

On  account  of  assay  office : 

Ordinary  exjienses - 5,  933.28 

Bullion 723,236.89 

On  account  of  transfer  account  of  Treasurer  United  States 390,733,53 

On  account  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 34, 765. 21 

On  account  of  suspense  account T 262.  00 

78,  333,  783.  60 

Balance  June  30, 1893 24, 411,  638.  04 

SAX  FRA^X•ISCO. 
Balance  June  30, 1892 $74,  260, 102.  57 

nECEIPTS. 

On  account  of  customs $8,  589,  287.  79 

On  account  of  internal  revenue 407,  755.  75 

On  account  of  sales  of  public  lands 459,  Oil.  26 

On  account  of  gold  certificates  of  1888 7,665,000.00 

On  account  of  I'ost-Office  Department 1,  360,  654.  23 

On  account  of  transfers : 

Treasurer's 6,  828, 439.  96 

Standard  dollars 970, 100. 00 

On  account  of  patent  fees 13,  214.  65 

On  account  of  disbursing  officers 12,  268,  782. 16 

On  account  of  semiannual  duty 5, 435.  40 

On  account  of  the  Sccretai-y  of  the  Treasury 13, 427. 89 

On  account  of  Treasurer's  transfer  account  1, 119,  200.  03 

On  account  of  fra<',tional  silver  coin 1,  001,993.00 

On  account  of  miscellaneous 393,  862. 47 

41,096,764,59 

115,  356,  927. 16 
DISBURSEMENTS. 

On  accoun t  of  Treasury  drafts $15,  851,  034. 89 

On  account  of  post-office  drafts 1,  385,  464.07 

On  account  of  disl)ursing  officers 12,423,852.87 

On  account  of  dollars 983,  485. 00 

On  account  of  interest • : 170,220.25 

On  account  of  national-bank  notes 150,000,00 

On  account  of  gold  certificates  of  1888 8,215,000.00 

On  account  of  fractional  silver  coin 997,  008.  00 

On  account  of  transfers 25,  202,  899. 50 

On  account  of  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 15i  738.  40 

On  account  of  Treasurer  s  transfer  account 31, 206. 83 

65,  425,  909.  81 

Balance  June  30,  1 893 49,  931, 017. 35 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


155 


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-11 


162 


EEPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


Table  R. — Statement  of  United  States  Bonds  and  other  Obligations  Received 

AND  issued   by  THE  OFFICE   OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY  FROJI  NOVEM- 
BER 1,  1892,  TO  October  31, 1893. 


Title  of  loan. 


I  Eeceivcd  for 

jexcliaugo  and 

transfer, 


Received  for 
redemption. 


Issued. 


Total. 


Lo.an  of  February  8, 1861 

5.20  bonds  of  1862,  act  of  February  25, 1862. . . 
C  per  cent  bonds,  acts  of  July  17,  and  August 

5,1861 

Bonds  issued  to  I'acilic  railro.ads,  acta  of 

July  1, 1862,  and  July  2, 1861 $12, 169,  000.  00 

Gold  certificates,  act  of  March  3, 1803 

Gold  certificates,  scries  of  1888 

1040  bonds  of  ISGI,  act  of  Marcb  3,  1804 

5.20  bonds  of  Juno  30,  1801 

7.30  notes  of  1861  and  1865,  acts  of  June  30. 

1881,  and  Marcb  3,  1805,  etc 

Consols  of  1805,  act  of  Marcb  3, 1865 

Consols  of  1867,  act  of  JMarch  3, 1865 

Consols  of  1868,  act  of  Marcb  3, 1865 

Funded  loan  of  1891,  4i  per  cent,  acts  of  July 

14,1870,  and  January  20,  1871 

Funded  loan  of  1907,  4  per  cent,  acts  of  July 

14,  1S70,  and  January  20, 1871 

Certificates  of  deposit,  act  of  June  8, 1872 

3i  per  cent  bonds,  acts  of  July  17  and  August 

'5,1801 

3i  per  cent  bonds,  acts  of  July  14,  1870,  and 

"January  20,  1871 

3  per  cent  bonds,  act  of  July  12, 1882 

Funded  loan  of  1891,  continued  at  2  per  cent. 


$1,  000.  00 
30,  200.  00 

7,  6OO.O0'. 


Total 94,223,850.00 


79, 421,  500. 00 


2, 633, 350. 00 


2,800.00 

23, 165,  000.  00! 

1.  000.  CO 

16, 000.  00 

1,  200. 00 
5,  600. 00 

25,  000. 00 

26,  650. 00 

347,  850.  00 


'$12,169,000.00 


8,  545. 000. 00 


22,  970,  000. 00 
20,  000. 00 


1,  000,  (10 

2,  050. 00 


46,  622,  950. 00 


$1,000.00 
30,  200.  00 

7, 600. 00 

24, 338, 000.  CO 

2,800.00 

31, 710, 000.  00 

1, 000. 00 

10, 000. 00 

1, 200. 00 

5,  GOO.  00 

25,  000. 00 

26, 650. 00 

347,  850.  00 


79,442,150.00 158, 863,  650.  00 
55,915,000.00   78,885,000.00 


2,633,350.00 


20.  000.  CO 

1,  000.  00 

2,  050.  00 
5,  260,  700.  00 


158,704,500.00  299, 551,  300. 00 


3PA.DPEIIS 


ACCO:.IPAXYIXG 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  TEEASUEER. 

Treasury  of  the  United  States, 

Washington,  D.  C,  December  1,  1893. 
Sir  :  I  liaye  the  lionor  to  submit  tlie  annual  report  on  the  operations 
and  coiulition  ot  the  Treasury. 

*  ****** 

The  marked  diminution  of  the  free  available  balance,  by  which  is 
meant  the  assets  In  excess  of  the  coin,  bullion,  and  United  States  notes 
held  iu  the  Treasury  against  certificates  of  deposit  and  Treasury  notes, 
is,  of  course,  due  to  an  excess  of  disbursements  over  receipts,  which 
arose  chiefly  from  the  deficiency  in  the  net  ordinary  revenues.  This 
deficiency,  during  the  twelve  months  ending  September  30,  amounted 
to  $21, 731,050.12,  a  sum  very  nearly  equal  to  the  loss  in  the  free 
balance,  as  is  shown  by  the  following  statement  of  the  net  revenues 
and  expenditures  and  of  the  fi'ee  Treasury  balance  for  the  five  cpiarters 
ending  with  September: 


Eud  of  quarter. 

Kevcnues. 

Expenditures. 

Surplus. 

Deficiency. 

Free  Treasury 
balance. 

1892. 

$101, 155,  641. 13 
93, 573, 260.  33 

100,  019,  023.  83 

$96, 102,  026.  38 
94,240,804.59 

100.  850.  SSI    58 

$4,  993,  014.  75 

$171,  034, 964.  43 
170, 313, 967. 40 

165  340  33G. 26 

$667,  544. 26 

831,  857.  76 

1, 152,  538.  44 

19, 079,  709.  66 

1893. 

91,  071,  703. 49       92,  224, 241.  93 
79,  379, 417.  59       98, 459, 127.  25 

161  944,735.58 

149,  322,  792. 88 

Total 

465, 199,  046.  37     481,  937,  081. 74 

4, 993, 614. 75 

21,  731,  650. 12 
16,738,035.37 

Net 

163 


1G4  PAPEIIS    ACCOilPAXVIXG    THE 

The  couditioii  of  the  Treasmy  lias  excited  au  unusual  degree  of  inter- 
est, and  perliaps  more  on  account  of  the  loss  of  gold  which  it  sustained 
than  for  any  other  reason.  This  loss,  affecting,  or  threatening  to  afi'ect, 
as  it  did,  the  soundness  of  the  money  of  the  country,  as  well  as  the  abil- 
ity of  the  Treasury  to  meet  its  obligations,  is  perhaps  the  most  cousi)ic- 
uous  and  noteworthy  event  of  the  past  months.  Concerning  its  causes 
there  is  doubtless  room  for  much  speculation  and  wide  ditferences  of 
opinion ;  but  to  whatever  origin  they  may  be  ascribed,  their  direct  ma,n- 
ifestation  at  the  counters  of  the  Treasury  was  chiefly  in  the  form  of 
demands  for  the  redemption  of  United  States  notes  and  Treasury  notes 
in  gold. 

At  the  end  of  September,  1888,  the  Treasury  held  $332,551,306  of 
gold,  the  largest  amount  ever  recorded  at  the  end  of  any  month,  and 
$197,713,116  of  free  gold.  This  last,  however,  was  less  than  it  had  been 
at  the  end  of  March,  in  the  same  year,  when  it  stood  at  $218,818,253, 
the  highest  point  ever  reached.  Up  to  the  end  of  last  October  the 
lowest  points  touched  since  the  highest  Avas  reached  vrere  on  the  19th 
of  that  month,  when  the  total  gold  was  $160,703,584  and  the  free  gold 
was  $81,551,385. 

In  April  of  the  present  year,  for  the  first  time  since  the  gold  reserve 
reached  the  sum  of  $100,000,000,  it  fell  below  that  figure,  and  on  the 
14th  of  the  mouth  the  issue  of  gold  certificates  was  suspended,  in 
accordance  with  the  proviso  in  section  12  of  the  act  of  Congress 
approved  July  12,  1882.  This  rectuireraent  of  law,  which  was  intended 
to  protect  the  gold  reserve,  was  not  generally  known  to  exist,  and  when 
the  occasion  for  its  application  arose  its  object  was  not  widely  under- 
stood. It  becomes  cifectual,  of  course,  through  the  preference  of  the 
people  for  paper  over  coin,  in  consequence  of  which  there  is  always  a 
more  or  less  x>i"onounced  tendency  toward  the  flow  of  gold  into  the 
Treasury.  In  ordinary  times  and  with  most  classes  of  jaeople  there  is 
not  much  choice  as  to  the  paper  received  in  exchange,  whether  gold 
certificates  or  legal  tender  notes;  but  in  times  of  financial  disturbance 
and  amongst  those  who  handle  most  money,  there  is  a  preference  for 
the  certificates.  The  chief  danger  to  the  Treasury  in  such  seasons  is, 
perhaps,  that  certificates  v>ill  be  obtained  by  presenting  notes  for 
redemption  in  gold  and  redepositing  the  gold.  With  the  issue  of  gold 
certificates  suspended,  this  danger  is  averted  and  whatever  gold  comes 
to  the  Treasury  for  exchange  is  paid  for  in  notes  and  is  an  addition  to 
the  reserve. 

A  table  in  the  appendix  shows  the  amount  of  gold  in  the  Treasury 
at  the  end  of  each  month  since  June,  1878,  the  amount  of  gold  certifi- 
cates in  the  Treasury  and  in  circulation,  and  the  net  gold  or  reserve. 
The  following  table,  which  is  an  expansion  of  the  last  part  of  the 
other,  exhibits  the  condition  of  the  Treasury  with  respect  to  its  hold- 
ings of  gold  at  the  end  of  three  nearly  equal  periods  in  each  month 
from  the  end  of  May,  1892,  when  the  loss  of  the  metal  began  to  be 
rapid,  to  the  end  of  October,  1893 : 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


165 


Date. 


Total  gold  in 
Treasurj-. 


Certificates 

in 
Treasury. 


Certificates 

in 
circulation. 


Xet  gold  in 
Treasury. 


1892 

MaySl 

June  10 

June  20 

June  30 

July9 

Jury20 

JulySO 

August  10 

August  20 

August  31 

Septeniljer  10 

September  20 

September  DO 

October  10 

October  20 

October  31 

November  10 

November  19 

November  30 

December  10 

December  20 

December  31 

1803 

January  10 

January  19 

January  31 

February  10  ...  1 

February  20 

February  23 , 

March  10 

Marcb  20 

March  31 

AprillO 

April  20 

April  29 

May  10 

May  20 

May  31 

June  10 

June  20 

June30 

July  10 

July  20 

July31 

August  10 

August  19 , 

Auguit  31 

Scpteniber9 

September  20 

September  30 , 

October  10 , 

October  20 

October  31 


$271,  527, 
■  269, 462, 
261,  579, 
255,  577, 
250, 748, 
250,  732, 

247,  306, 
246, 184, 
244,  287, 
242,  543, 
240, 22S, 
240, 167, 

240,  605, 

241,  816, 

242,  870, 
244,  261, 
246,  937, 

248,  329, 
247, 598, 
240,  724, 
238, 841, 
238,  359, 


237, 
237 
228, 
226. 
220, 
217 
216 
219 
218 
216 
210 
202 
203, 
202, 
196 
190, 
191 
188, 
188, 
188 
186 
18G 
179 
176 
178, 
174 
173 
168 
160 
163 


091.  86 
7G9.  67 
139.  52 
705.  23 
196. 43 
089.  96 
220.  66 
794.  71 
050.  95 
693.  63 
370. 01 
338. 17 
908.  58 
593.  37 
0S2. 09 
468.91 
513.  82 
726.  00 
465.  89 
380. 52 
163. CO 
801.  29 


372. 04 
568. 88 
532.  53 
868.  95 
047. 14 
947.  91 
237.  40 
303.  90 
232. 99 
583.  33 
230. 44 
359. 08 
684.  76 
408.  59 
609.  76 
877. 18 
769.  75 
432.  59 
016. 14 
600.  60 
9G2. 98 
914.  35 
045. 27 
172.44 
159. 58 
321.73 
771. 16 
707.  34 
248.  35 
171.26 


$14,470,520 
17,  040,  610 

25,  205, 190 

15,  363,  590 

16,  583,  040 

17,  956, 910 
17,  738,  500 
20,  574,  760 
22,  396,  260 
23,817,210 

26,  688,  690 
28, 143,  6G0 
25, 345,  590 

27,  503, 085 
27, 140,  670 
23, 181,  990 
21,578,790 
19,  232,  670 
19,  632, 830 
21, 147,  430 
23, 347,  220 
24,  254,  750 


19,  800, 

16,  010, 

15,  729, 

22, 000, 

10, 7G0, 

7, 782, 

5,  247, 

6, 175, 

5, 135, 

C,  301, 

5,  202, 

8,  888, 

5,  495, 

6,  322, 
3, 324, 

827 
752, 
1,  071, 
156, 
226, 
93, 

3. 

4,  084, 
565, 
168, 
199, 
129, 
212. 
453, 
115, 


),810 

117, 

),870 

121, 

>,770 

120, 

,150 

114, 

,410 

113, 

,260 

114, 

,070 

lU, 

,870 

113, 

),430 

111, 

,810 

110. 

,260 

109, 

,310 

105, 

),020 

103, 

,080 

102, 

,670 

101, 

,820 

99, 

,780 

97, 

,170 

92, 

,550 

91, 

,610 

90, 

,710 

87, 

,765 

82, 

,290 

81, 

,370 

80, 

,279 

80, 

),  050 

79, 

,220 

79, 

.120 

79, 

,220 

79, 

,860 

78, 

$157,  295, 209 
154, 552, 119 
146, 454, 539 
141,  235,  339 
139,  676,  939 
138, 187,  269 
136,  861,  829 
134,  025,  529 
132,  608, 429 
128,  387,  379 
126,  009,  399 

123,  606,  679 

121,  210,  399 
119, 413,  754 
119,441,169 
120,255,349 

122,  303,  699 

124,  728,  269 
123, 188, 809 
121,319,209 
119, 556,  969 
117,  093, 139 


702,  969 
645, 819 
429, 189 
064,  579 
388,  729 
572, 419 
232.  719 
486,  009 
243.  929 
870,  929 
272,029 
797,  019 
282,  309 
4G9, 969 
758, 919 
317,  459 
970, 019 
492,  339 
707,  529 
611,029 
419,  624 
187,  799 
414,  049 
195,  690 
935,619 
627.  599 
544, 699 
203,  599 
889,  309 


$114,  231, 
114, 910, 
115, 124, 
114, 342, 
111,071, 
112,  544, 
110, 444, 
112, 159, 
111,  678, 
114, 156, 
114,  218. 
116,  560, 
119,  395, 

122,  402, 
123, 428, 
124,  006, 
124,  633, 

123,  601, 

124,  409, 
125, 405, 
119, 284, 
121,  266, 


882.  86 
650.  67 
600.  52 
3C6.  23 
257.  43 
820.  96 
391.  66 
265. 71 
621.  95 
316.  63 
971.  01 
659. 17 
509.  58 
839. 37 
913.  69 
119.91 
814. 82 
457. 00 
656. 89 
171.  52 
194.  00 
662. 29 


119,  697, 

116. 188. 
108. 181, 
111,927, 
107,  228, 
103,  234, 

102,  302, 
106,  575, 
106,  892, 

106. 189, 
101,  003, 

97,  Oil, 
99,  225, 
99,  975, 

95,  048, 
90,  722, 
94, 050, 
95, 485, 
97,  286, 

97,  989, 
99,  202, 

103,  863, 

98,  310, 

96,  009, 
98,  050, 
94,  839, 
93,  582, 
86,  899, 
81,700, 
84,  384, 


693.  04 
599.88 
713.53 
679. 95 
408. 14 
218. 91 
818.40 
584.90 
223.  99 
654.  33 
301.44 
330.  08 
605.  76 
099.  59 
640.  78 
953. 18 
310.  75 
413.  59 
677. 14 
080. GO 
933.  98 
290.  35 
246. 27 
123.44 
409. 53 
702.  73 
172. 16 
008.  34 
649.  35 
862.  26 


A  full  statement  of  tlie  aggregate  receipts  and  payments  of  gold  on 
all  accounts  would  doubtless  be  interesting  and  perliaps  instructive, 
but  tlie  compilation  of  tlie  figures  would  be  a  heavy  labor,  which  has 
not  been  undertaken.  In  the  absence  of  more  complete  data,  the  fol- 
lowing statement  of  the  percentage  of  the  several  kinds  of  money 
received  at  IsTew  York  for  customs,  during  the  same  periods  as  those 
taken  in  the  last  table,  is  given : 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL, 


166 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Date. 


Ilccoipts. 


Gold 

Silver 

Gold 
certifi- 

Silver 
certifi- 

United 
States 

cates. 

cates. 

notes. 

Vr  cent. 

Per  cent. 

P^r  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

0.1 

0.0 

9.9 

13.0 

40.6 

0.2 

0.0 

8.8 

12.7 

25.3 

0.2 

0.0 

6.4 

14.9 

30.6 

0.2 

0.0 

8.0 

15.9 

26.8 

0.1 

0.0 

10.7 

14.4 

24.6 

0.1 

0.0 

13.4 

15.0 

26.2 

0.1 

0.0 

13.8 

15.5 

28.4 

0.0 

0.0 

12.0 

12.8 

18.5 

0.1 

0.0 

10.3 

12.2 

23.1 

0.0 

0.0 

12.1 

10.4 

25.6 

0.0 

0.0 

.4.7 

14.0 

48.9 

0.0 

0.0 

2.8 

12.5 

50.5 

0.0 

0.0 

3.0 

10.9 

45.8 

0.0 

0.0 

6.0 

7.9 

42.0 

0.1 

0.0 

6.1 

6.2 

51.4 

0.1 

0.0 

C.6 

6.4 

51.9 

0.0 

0.0 

12.0 

4.2 

55.1 

0.0 

0.0 

7.3 

5.7 

57.0 

0.1 

0.0 

7.8 

6.3 

52.8 

0.0 

0.0 

3.5 

11.1 

43.1 

0.0 

0.0 

4.5 

9.0 

45.0 

0.0 

0.0 

4.4 

9.2 

46.4 

0.1 

0.0 

13.5 

9.7 

40.2 

0.0 

0.0 

10.2 

12.8 

41.8 

0.0 

0.0 

8.9 

15.8 

42.1 

0.0 

0.0 

3.2 

27.0 

37.2 

0.0 

0.0 

5.9 

24.9 

34.9 

0.0 

0.0 

9.2 

20.7 

33.3 

0.0 

0.0 

4.1 

14.3 

30.7 

0.0 

0.0 

0.  a 

15.3 

25.9 

0.0 

0.0 

7.8 

15.7 

28.0 

0.1 

0.0 

2.G 

15.0 

53.1 

0.1 

0.0 

4.0 

20.1 

47.6 

0.1 

0.0 

2.9 

23.3 

41.0 

0.1 

0.0 

0.0 

33.6 

28.6 

0.1 

0.0 

0.0 

40.2 

24.5 

0.1 

0.0 

0.0 

37.8 

26.2 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

20.2 

47.1 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

15.0 

54.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

12.0 

53.0 

0.1 

0.0 

1.0 

12.3 

64.9 

5.5 

0.0 

4.7 

13.8 

57.6 

12.5 

0.0 

4.6 

12.3 

55.6 

24.  G 

0.3 

8.6 

5.1 

53.7 

36.7 

0.3 

6.0 

4.9 

46.0 

47.4 

0.3 

4.3 

5.1 

37.6 

G.5.7 

0.2 

0.8 

7.2 

22.0 

50.9 

0.2 

2.4 

12.9 

18.6 

58.1 

0.2 

1.7 

17.5 

1G.3 

40.1 

0.2 

0.1 

24.7 

25.2 

43.5 

0.1 

0.1 

25.4 

19.9 

37.6 

0.1 

0.1 

31.3 

20.7 

Treasury- 
notes  ot 
1890. 


3892. 


May  31 

JuiielO 

June  20 

June  30 

July  9 

July  20 

July  30 

August  10 

August  20 

August  31..-. 
Septesuber  10. 
September  20. 
September  30. 

October  10 

October  20.... 

October  2\ 

Novcniljcr  10 . 
November  19  . 
Koverober  30 . 
December  10.. 
December  20. . 
December  31.. 


January  10... 
January  19... 
January  31... 
February  10  . 
February  20  . 
Febrr.ary  28  . 

MarcblO 

March  20 

March  31 

April  10 

April  20 

April  29 

MavlO 

Mav20 

May  31 

Jnuo 10  

Juno  20 

June  30 

JulylO 

July  20 

July  31 

August  10 

August  19 

August  31 

September  9.. 
September  20. 
September  30. 
October  10  ... 
October  20  ... 
October  31  . . . 


S3, 103, 
3,  344. 

6,  010, 
9,  591, 

3,  230, 

7,  S84, 
12, 295, 

4,  831, 

8,  C9o, 
13, 175, 

3,077, 

6, 044, 
11,335. 

2,964. 

6, 942, 
10,  341, 

3,  208. 

C,  444, 

9,  951, 
3, 271, 
7,  035. 

10,  570, 


5, 34G.  027 
10,  337, 780 
15,291,892 
4,  525,  391 
8,  003.  588 
12.439,280 

4.  206. 913 
8,108,548 

12,805,673 
2, 902, 913 
7, 092. 523 
••).  717,  539 
3.  7S2, 300 
0,917,145 
9, 967,  707 
2, 822, 848 

5.  907, 954 
9, 337, 798 

2,  S04,  068 
6,812,541 

10,  220,  733 

3,  024,  929 
5, 101,  290 
8, 188, 032 
2, 408, 206 
5, 597,  571 
7,  964,  839 
2,  480,  592 
5,  038,  258 
7,  537, 386 


Per  cent. 
30. 4 
53.0 
47.9 
49.1 
50.2 
45.3 
42.2 
56.7 
543 
51.9 
32.4 
34.2 
39.7 
44.1 
36. 2 
35.0 
28.7 
30.0 
33.0 
42.3 
41.5 
40.0 


36.5 

35.2 

33.2 

32.6 

34.3 

36.8 

50.9 

53.3 

48.5 

29.2 

28.2 

32.7 

37.7 

35.2 

35.9 

32.7 

31.0 

35.0 

21.7 

18.4 

15.0 

7.7 

6.1 

5.3 

4.1 

6,0 

0.2 

9.7 

11.0 

10.2 


From  tlie  relations  wliieli  tlie  reserve  bears  to  tlie  other  moneys  in 
the  Treasury  and  to  the  circulation,  it  is  naturall}*  built  up  by  surplus 
revenues  and  cut  down  by  deficiencies  and  by  the  redemption  of  United 
States  notes  and  Treasiu^y  notes  in  gold.  Both  of  these  last  two  causes 
have  been  in  operation,  but  in  different  seasons,  so  that  the  effect  of 
each  could  be  observed  separately. 


I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

Daniel  K.  Morgan, 
Treasurer  of  tlie  United  States. 
Hon.  John  G.  Carlisle, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     167 


EEPOET  OF  THE  DIEECTOE  OF  THE  MINT. 

Treasury  Depaetsient, 

Bureau  of  the  Mint, 
Washington,  B.  C,  Novemhcr  29,  1893. 
Sir:  I  respectfully  submit  tlie  following  report  ou  tlie  operations  of 
the  mints  and  assay  offices  of  the  United  States  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30, 1893,  this  being  the  twenty-first  annual  report  of  the  Director 
of  the  Mint. 

DEPOSITS   OF   GOLD. 

The  amount  of  gold  deposited  during  the  year  at  the  mints  and  assay 
offices  of  the  United  States,  including  gold  contained  in  silver  deposits 
and  purchases,  was  2,732,044,925  standard  ounces  of  the  value  of 
850,839,905.53,  as  compared  with  §66,470,975.98  during  the  preceding 
fiscal  year,  a  decrease  of  815,637,070.45, 

Of  the  gold  thus  deposited,  2,496,078.983  standard  ounces,  of  the 
value  of  $40,449,841.50,  were  original  deposits,  and  235,965.942  stand- 
ard ounces,  of  the  value  of  $4,390,064.03,  redeposits,  of  which  §21,894.21 
were  fine  bars  redeposited  for  small,  and  $4,308,169.82  unparted  bars 
transferred  from  the  minor  assay  offices  to  the  mint  at  Philadelphia  for 
refining  and  coinage;  $33,280,167.94  were  classified  as  of  domestic  pro- 
duction, as  against  $31,061,546.11  of  the  same  class  of  gold  deposited 
during  the  previous  fiscal  year,  an  increase  of  $1,324,621^53. 

Of  the  gold  buUion  classed  as  domestic,  $19,690,057.19  were  fine  bars 
bearing  the  stamp  of  private  refineries,  and  $13,590,110,75  represented 
unrefined  domestic  bullion. 

A  table  will  be  found  in  the  Ai)pendix  showing  the  distribution  of 
the  amount  of  unrefined  gold  deposited  at  the  mints  and  assay  offices 
during  the  year  among  the  States  and  Territories  that  produced  the 
same. 

Foreign  gold  bullion  of  the  value  of  $2,247,730.78.  and  foreign  gold 
coin  of  the  value  of  $6,293,290.33  were  received  and  melted  by  the  mliuts 
and  assay  offices  during  the  year. 

Worn  and  uncurrent  domestic  gold  coin  (of  the  nominal  value  of 
$806,870)  was  received  for  recoinage,  and  after  melting,  the  coining 
value  of  the  same  was  found  to  be  $792,470.43.  Old  material  consist- 
ing of  jewelry,  plate,  etc.,  of  the  value  of  $3,830,170.02,  was  also 
received. 

DEPOSITS  AND    PURCHASES   OF   SILVER. 

The  deposits  and  purchases  of  silver,  including  that  contained  in 
gold  deposits  during  the  last  fiscal  year,  aggre'gated  73,135,705.70 
standard  ounces,  of  the  coining  value  (SLIOjAj.  per  ounce  standard  or 
$1.2929  per  fine  ounce)  of  $85,103,300.07,  against  $83,922,930.01  in  the 
previous  fiscal  year,  an  increase  of  $1,180,430.00. 

Of  the  silver  deposited  during  the  year  747,255.84  standard  ounces, 
of  the  coining  value  in  silver  dollars  of  $809,534.00,  consisted  of  rede- 
posits, making  the  amount  of  original  deposits  72,388,449.92  standard 
ounces,  and  the  coining  value  of  the  same  in  silver  dollars  $84,233,832.01 ; 
59,750,161.95  standard  onnces,  of  the  coining  value  of  $69,534,443 
consisted  of  fine  bars,  made  by  and  bearing  the  stamp  of  private 
refineries  in  the  United  States,  the  same  being  classified  as  of  domestic 
production.  It  should,  however,  be  stated  that  the  classification  at  the 
mints  of  silver  bullion  is  not  exact,  as  fine  silver  bars  purchased  from 
private  refineries  in  the  United  States  are  without  exception  necessarily 


1G8 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


classified  at  the  miuts  as  of  domestic  prodnction,  althoiigli  they  are  to 
a  large  extent  composed  of  silver  obtained  from  ore  and  bullion 
imported  from  Mexico  and  smelted  and  refined  in  this  country. 

Of  the  domestic  silver  bullion  deposited  at  the  coinage  mints  and 
assay  offices,  3,550,595.09  standard  ounces,  of  the  cgining  value  of 
§4,131,002.23,  were  unrefined  silver  from  the  iiiines  of  the  United  States. 
A  table  will  be  found  in  the  Appendix  of  this  report  showing  the  distri- 
bution of  this  product  among  the  States  and  Territories  from  which  it 
was  obtained. 

There  was  also  deposited  foreign  silver  bullion  containing  1,931,901.54 
standard  ounces,  of  the  coining  value  of  $2,2-18,030.88,  and  foreign  silver 
coin  containing  501,300.85  standard  ounces,  of  the  coining  value  of 
$053,150.08,  making  §2,901,180.90  of  foreign  silver  deposited  and  melted 
at  the  mints  and  assay  offices  during  the  fiscal  year. 

Worn  and  uncurrent  silver  coins  of  the  nominal  value  of  $7,018,198.25, 
principally  subsidiary  pieces,  were  transferred  by  the  Treasury  to  the 
mints  for  recoinage,  and  uncurrent  silver  coins,  of  the  nominal  value  of 
$-4,787.70,  were  purchased  as  bullion,  under  the  act  of  July  14,  1890, 
making  the  aggregate  amount  of  uncurrent  silver  coins  from  the  two 
sources  received  by  the  mints  $7,022,085,95,  containing  5,940,544.90 
standard  ounces.  The  coining  value  of  the  amount  transferred  for 
recoinage  was  $7,381,289.58  in  subsidiary  coin. 

In  addition  trade  dollars,  containing  409.14  standard  ounces,  were  pur- 
chased as  bullion  and  melted,  the  coining  value  of  the  same  being 
$545.91  in  standard  silver  dollars. 

Old  silver,  consisting  of  jewelry,  plate,  etc.,  containing  047,475.85 
standard  ounces,  of  the  coining  value  of  $753,420.40,  was  purchased 
and  melted  during  the  year. 

The  coining  value  of  gold  and  silver  (exclusive  of  redex)osits)  received 
at  the  mints  arid  assay  offices  of  the  United  States  each  fi.scal  year  from 
1880  is  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Value  of  the  Gold  axd   Silver   (not  ixcludixg  Eedeposits)   Received  at 

THE   MiXTS  AND  AsSAY   OFFICES,  1880-1893. 


Fiscal  years. 

Gold. 

Silver. 
(coining  value). 

Total  value. 

1880 

$98,  835,  096 
130,  833, 102 
C6,  750,  052 
46,  347, 106 
46,  320,  078 
52,891,075 
44, 900,  749 
68,  223,  072 
72,  225, 497 
42, 136,  436 
42,  603,  095 
48,  485,  801 
61,131,400 
46,  449,  842 

$34,  640,  522 
30,  791,  110 
33,  720,  491 
30,  8G9,  834 
35,  520,  2C0 
36, 789,  774 
35,  494, 183 
47,  750, 918 
41,331,014 
41,238,151 
42,  044,  719 
71,  985,  985 
83, 177,  000 
84,  233, 832 

$133, 475, 618 
161.  024,  248 
100, 477, 143 
83,  216,  940 

82,  846,  908 
89,  083,  849 
80,  403, 932 

115,  979,  990 
113,  550,  511 

83,  374, 587 
85,  307,  814 

120,471,786 
144,  309, 126 
130,  683,  674 

1881 

1882 

1833 

1884 

1885 

1886 

18S7 

1888 

1889 

1800 

1891 

1892 

1893 

REPORT*  OF    THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


169 


The  usual  tables,  exliibiting,  by  weight  and  value,  the  deposits  and 
purchases  of  gold  and  silver  at  each  of  the  mints  and  assay  offices,  will 
be  found  in  the  Appendix. 

COINAGE. 

The  coinage  executed  during  the  fiscal  year  1893  by  the  mints  at 
Philadelphia,  San  Francisco,  Kew  Orleans,  and  Carson  City  consisted 
of  97,280,875  pieces,  of  the  value  of  $43,085,178.80.  Of  gokfthere  were 
coined  2,282^209  pieces,  of  the  value  of  830,038,140.  Of  this  sum 
$20,444,760  were  in  double  eagles;  $0,590,120  in  eagles;  $2,987,925  in 
half  eagles,  and  $0,335  in  quarter  eagles. 

The  silver  coinage  aggregated  34,291,170  pieces,  of  the  nominal  value 
of  $12,500,935.90.  Of  tliis  sum  $5,343,715  were  in  standard  dollars, 
coined  under  the  act  of  July  14, 1890,  $3,200,030  in  half  doHars,  includ- 
ing $2,501,052.50  in  Columbian  Souvenir  pieces,  $2,848,018  in  quarter 
dollars,  including  $10,005.75  Columbian  Souvenir  pieces,  and  $1,101,- 
972.90  in  dimes. 

The  coinage  of  Columbian  Souvenir  half  dollars,  as  directed  by  the 
act  of  August  5,  1892,  was  made  from  worn  and  uncurrent  subsidiary 
silver  coin  transferred  from  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  as  was 
also  the  Columbian  Souvenir  quarter  dollars,  authorized  by  the  act  of 
March  3,  1893. 

The  execution  of  the  minor  coinage  is  confined  to  the  mint  at  Phil- 
adelphia by  the  provisions  of  section  3528  Eevised  Statutes  of  the 
United  States.  It  consisted,  during  the  year,  of  11,975,715  5cent 
nickel  pieces,  of  tlie  nominal  value  of  $598,785.75,  and  48,731.715  one- 
cent  bronze  i)ieces,  of  the  value  of  $487,317.15,  making  an  aggregate  of 
60,707,430  pieces,  of  the  nominal  value  of  $1,080,102.90. 

The  total  coinage  executed  by  the  mints  of  the  United  States  during 
the  last  fiscal  year  is  shown  in  the  following  table: 

Coinage,  Fiscal  Year  1893. 


Dcscriplion. 

Fieccs. 

Value. 

Gold 

2,  282, 269 

5,  343, 715 

28,  947, 461 

60,  707,  430 

$30,  038, 140.  00 

5, 343,  715. 00 

*7,  217,  220. 90 

1,  086, 102.  90 

Subsidiary  silver  coins 

Total 

97,  280,  875 

43, 685, 178.  80 

■  Includes  $2,501,052.50  in  lialf-dollar  and  $10,005.75  in  quarter-dollar  Columbian  souvenir  coins. 


All  the  coinage  of  silver  dollars  during  the  fiscal  year  1893  was  made 
from  bullion  purchased  under  the  act  of  July  14,  1890,  and  aggregated 
$5,343,715.  The  amount  of  bullion  consumed  in  the  coinage  was 
4,133,029.56  fine  ounces,  costing  $3,784,417.04,  and  the  seigniorage 
thereon  was  $1,559,297.30. 

There  being  no  special  demand  for  silver  dollars  for  the  redemption 
of  notes  issued  in  payment  for  silver  purchased,  the  coinage  was 
limited. 

The  total  coinage  of  silver  dollars  under  the  acts  of  February  28, 
1878,  July  14, 1890,  and  March  3,  1891,  is  shown  in  the  following  table: 


170  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   TIIE 

Coinage  of  Silver  Dollars  from  Fkbruauy  28,  1878,  to  Nove:mrer  1,  1893. 


Coinage  under  act  of- 


Julj'14,1890 

March  3, 1S91  (trade-dollar  bullion) 


Total . 


Amount. 


February  28, 1878 $378,106,793 

36, 087,  285 
5,  078, 472 


419,  332, 550 


SIL^VrEB  PURCHASES. 

All  the  silver  piircLased  durmg  the  fiscal  year  1893  was  bonglit 
iiiidei'  tlie  provisions  of  the  act  of  July  14,  1890,  which  provided  for  the 
purchase  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  "from  time  to  time  silver 
bullion  to  the  aggregate  amount  of  four  million  five  hundred  thousand 
ounces,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  offered  in  each  month  at  the 
market  price  thereof,  not  exceeding  one  dollar  for  three  hundred  and 
seventy-one  and  twenty-five  hundredths  grains  of  pure  silver." 

Under  the  provision  of  law  above  cited,  offers  for  the  sale  of  silver 
to  the  Government,  in  lots  of  10,000  ounces  and  over,  were  received 
and  considered  at  1  o'clock  p.  m.  on  Monday,  Wednesday,  and  Friday 
of  each  week,  and  were  invariably  made  by  telegraph. 

The  superintendents  of  the  coinage  mints  were  authorized  to  pur- 
chase silver  in  lots  of  less  than  10,000  ounces  at  a  price  fixed  from  time 
to  time  by  the  Director  of  the  Mint,  and  which  agreed  with  the  market 
price. 

During  the  year  the  amount  delivered  upon  jyurchases  made  by  the 
Department  at  the  respective  coinage  mints  aggregated  50,270,215.83 
fine  ounces,  costing  $4:2,380,545.37. 

The  amount  delivered  on  purchases  made  by  the  superintendents  of 
the  several  coinage  mints,  in  lots  of  less  than  10,000  ounces,  was 
3,547,300.04  fine  ounces,  costing  $2,990,493.57. 

Silver  contained  in  gold  dei30sits,  bar  charges,  and  fractions,  amount- 
ing to  184,G4G.13  fine  ounces,  costing  $100,335.59,  was  also  purchased. 

The  aggregate  amount  of  silver  purchased  in  the  manner  above  stated 
during  the  year  was  54,008,162.60  fine  ounces,  costing  $45,531,374.53. 

The  average  cost  per  fine  ounce  was  $0,843,  at  which  rate  the  bullion 
value  of  the  silver  dollar  is  65.3  cents. 

From  July  1  to  November  1,  1893,  the  date  of  the  repeal  of  the  pur- 
chasing clause  of  the  act  of  July  14,  1890,  the  purchases  amounted  to 
11,917,058.78  fine.ounces,  costing  $8,715,521.32. 

The  total  amount  of  silver  purchased  under  the  act  of  July  14,  1890, 
from  August  13,  1890,  the  date  the  act  went  into  effect,  to  November 
1,  1893,  the  date  of  the  repeal  of  the  purchasing  clause,  aggregates 
168,674,682.53  fine  ounces,  costing  $155,931,002.25,  the  coining  value  of 
the  same  in  silver  dollars  being  $218,084,438.  Of  this  amount  there  has 
been  used  in  the  coinage  of  36,087,285  silver  dollars  27,911,259.49  fine 
ounces,  costing  $29,110,186.61. 


COURSE   OF   SILYER. 


The  opening  quotations  for  silver  July  1,  1892,  both  in  the  London 
and  New  York  markets,  were  the  highest  during  the  fiscal  year. 
The  London  quotation  for  silver  (0.925  fine)  was  40-j\r  pence,  equal 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     171 

to  $0.8809  per  ounce  fine.  Tue  'Nevr  York  price  at  tlie  same  date  was 
$0.S8f  per  ounce  fine. 

From  July  1,  1892,  to  June  26,  1893,  the  decline  in  the  price  was 
|0.05|  against  a  decline  of  about  SO.2-4  x>er  ounce  during  the  previous 
fiscal  year. 

The  lowest  price  reached  between  July  1,  1892,  and  June  2G,  1893, 
was  37-1%  pence,  equal  to  $0,823  per  ounce  fine. 

From  the  23d  to  the  30th  of  June,  1893,  the  decline  was  rapid.  On 
the  24th  of  June,  1893,  rumors  became  current  in  London  and  jSTew 
York  that  India  contemplated  closing  her  mints  to  silver.  At  this 
date  the  quotation  in  London  was  37^  pence  and  in  New  York  $0.82. 

On  the  2Gth  of  June  it  was  definitely  announced  that  the  legislative 
council  of  India  had  jmssed  a  bill  closing  her  mints  to  the  deposit  of 
silver  by  individuals  for  coinage. 

The  quotation  on  that  day  in  London  was  36  pence,  equal  to  $0,784 
j)er  ounce  fine  and  in  New  Yor.k  $0,780. 

A  rapid  decline  took  place  dailj- until,  on  the  30th  of  June,  the  price 
in  London  reached  30i-  pence,  equal  to  $0,664  per  ounce  fine,  and  in 
New  York  the  price  was  quoted  at  from  67  to  65  cents. 

The  average  price  of  silver  during  the  fiscal  year  in  London  was 
38f  pence,  equal  to  $0,841  per  ounce  fine. 

At  the  highest  price  of  silver  the  bullion  value  of  the  silver  dollar 
was  $0,653,  at  the  lowest  price,  $0,515,  and  at  the  average  price,  $0,650. 

On  July  1, 1803,  the  price  advanced  very  suddenly  to  33^  pence,  reach- 
ing, on  July  5,  34f  pence,  from  which  point  it  declinedj  closing,  on  July 
31,  at  32 i  pence. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  India  had  closed  her  mints  to  silver, 
there  was  a  large  demand  for  shipment  to  that  country,  as  well  as  to 
China,  in  August. 

The  price  advanced  from  32*  x^ence  to  34§  pence,  closing  at  34.J  pence. 

In  Sex)tember  the  demand  for  shipment  to  India  and  China  continued, 
and  the  price,  with  slight  fluctuations,  ranged  from  34  to  34^  pencCj 
closing  at  34J  i)ence. 

In  October,  the  demand  for  both  India  and  China  having  fallen  off', 
and  the  repeal  of  the  act  of  July  14, 1890,  by  Congress,  being  anticipated, 
the  rate  declined  from  34^  to  31^  pence,  on  the  31st. 

In  November,  the  jirice  ranged  from  31 J  to  32|  i)ence,  and  at  the  i)res- 
ent  date,  November  29,  is  32  pence. 

The  average  London  i)rice  for  the  four  months  ending  October  31, 
1893,  was  S3{jr  x^ence,  equal  to  $0.7383,  The  average  New  York  x^rice 
for  the  same  time  was  $0.7350. 


BRIEF  REVIEW   OF  THE   COURSE   OF   SILVER  FROM  1848  TO  1893,  IN- 
CLUSIVE, AND  OF  THE  CAUSES  OF  ITS  DEPRECIATION  SINCE  1872. 

During  the  calendar  year  1848  the  average  price  of  silver  in  the  Lon- 
don market  was  59f  d  per  ounce  for  silver  6.925  fine  (British  standard), 
equivalent  in  United  States  money  to  $  J. 3098  per  ounce  1.000  fine. 

Tlie  price  from  this  time  gradually  advanced  until  1859,  when  it 
reachetl  an  average  for  the  year  of  G2-^,rd. 

The  advance  in  the  x^rice  between  1850  and  1859  was  due  to  the  very 
large  increase  in  the  x)i^oduction  of  gold  in  California  and  Australia, 
which  added  to  the  world's  supply  of  that  metal  without  any  material 
increase  in  llic  supply  of  silver.  The  advance  in  the  x^rice  was  also 
greatly  stimulated  by  the  large  loans  made  in  silver  to  India  for  xJublio 


172  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

improvements  and  for  expenses  iucideutal  to  tlie  supjiression  of  the 
Sepoy  mutiny  of  1857. 

BetvN-een  18G0  and  ISOG  a  decline  took  place,  the  yearly  average  price 
ranging  from  61|i^f/.  to  OlifZ.  The  latter  figure  was  maintained  until 
after  the  close  of  the  civil  war  in  the  United  States,  by  reasou  of  the 
limited  supply  of,  and  the  increased  demand  for,  silver.  Cotton  was  at 
this  time  cultivated  very  extensively  in  India,  because  of  the  small 
quantity  of  it  obtainable  from  the  United  States,  and  large  amounts  of 
silver  were  required  for  shipment  to  that  country  to  pay  for  it. 

The  variation  in  the  average  yearly  price,  from  18G7  to  1872,  was  only 
-i\rj.  The  average  price  of  silver  in  1873  was  59^d.,  equal  to  $1.29883. 
Since  that  time  the  yearly  average  decline  has  been  steady,  with  only 
four  exceptions.  The  average  price  for  the  month  of  October,  181)3, 
was  33.008f7,,  equal  to  $0.73072,  a  decline,  in  a  period  of  a  little  over 
twenty  years,  of  $0.5G211  per  ounce. 

The  causes  of  this  great  decline,  stated  briefly,  are  as  follows: 

First.  Germany,  in  1871  and  1873,  enacted  laws  demonetizing  silver, 
making  gold  the  sole  standard  of  value,  and  calling  in  all  silver  coins 
previonsly  issued  and  circulated  in  the  several  states  of  the  German 
Empire. 

To  procure  the  gold  necessary  for  the  purposes  of  coinage,  Germany 
sold,  between  1873  and  1879,  large  amounts  of  silver  from  her  store 
of  melted  silver  coins,  including-  the  amount  received  from  France  in 
payment  of  the  indemnity  imposed  upon  her  at  the  close  of  the  Franco- 
Prussian  war. 

The  effect  of  this  legislation  was  to  create  a  demand  for  gold  in  Ger- 
many and  to  increase  the  supply  of  silver  bullion,  or  melted  coins,  in 
other  countries,  and  to  cause  a  depreciation  in  the  price  of  the  white 
metal. 

Second.  In  1872,  Korway,  Sweden,  and  Denmark  entered  into  a  mon- 
etary treatj'  demonetizing  silver,  which  was  formally  ratified  by  Sweden 
and  Denmark  in  1873  and  by  Norway  in  1875.  By  this  treaty  they 
adopted  the  single  gold  standard  and  made  silver  a  subsidiary  metal, 
to  be  coined  on  Government  account  only,  for  change  i:)urposes. 

Third.  Holland,  which  had  been  on  a  silver  basis  since  1847,  practi- 
cally followed  the  example  of  Germany  in  1875,  for  although  in  that 
year  it  nominally  adopted  the  double  standard  at  the  ratio  of  1  to  15^, 
it,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  prohibited  the  coinage  of  silver,  thus  becoming, 
like  Germany,  gold  monometallic. 

Fourth.  The  pricehaving  fallen  to  apointatwhichitbecomes profitable 
for  brokers  to  purchase  silver  in  Germany  and  ship  it  to  the  states  com- 
prising the  Latin  Union  for  conversion  into  5-franc  pieces,  the  parties 
to  that  monetary  treaty  decided,  in  1874,  to  limit  the  amount  of  5-franc 
pieces  to  be  coined  by  each.  This,  however,  did  not  have  the  effect  to 
steady  the  price,  and  in  1878  the  mints  of  the  Latin  Union  were  closed 
to  the  coinage  of  full  legal-tender  silver  coins,  and  have  remained  so 
ever  since. 

Fifth.  In  September,  1876,  Eussia  suspended  the  coinage  of  silver 
except  as  to  such  an  amount  as  might  be  required  for  trade  purposes 
with  China. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  silver  standard  legally  prevailed  in 
Austria-Hungary  until  1892,  the  free  coinage  of  silver  has  been  sus- 
pended in  that  country  since  1879.  In  1892  it  formally  adopted  the 
single  gold  standard. 

By  the  act  of  1873  the  coinage  of  full  legal-tender  silver  was  tacitly 
prohibited  in  the  United  States  and  gold  made  the  sole  standard  of  value, 
but  as  we  were  then  on  a  paper  basis,  the  price  of  silver  can  not  be 


REPOET    OF    TPIE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


173 


said  to  have  been  ai)preciably  affected  by  tliat  act,  especially  as  it  pro- 
vided for  the  receipt  of  silver  from  individuals  for  coinage  into  trade 
dollars,  and  the  fnrtlier  fact  that  large  purchases  of  silver  ^ere  made 
for  the  subsidary  silver  coinage  under  the  acts  of  1873  and  1875,  to  re- 
place the  fractional  paper  currency  which  had  been  used  for  change 
purposes  since  18G2. 

The  act  of  February  28,  1878,  authorized  the  coinage  of  silver  dollars 
of  the  weight  of  112^  grains,  as  provided  for  by  the  act  of  January 
18,  1837,  and  which  were  a  full  legal  tender.  Under  the  act  of  1837 
the  coinage  was  free  to  individuals,  but  the  act  of  1878  provided  for 
the  coinage  of  full  legal-teDder  silver  dollars  on  Government  account 
onlj'.  It  also  provided  for  the  purchase  for  this  coinage  of  not  less  than 
$2,000,000,  nor  more  than  84,000,000  wortli  of  bullion  each  month,  at 
the  market  price.  But  notwithstanding  the  magnitude  of  the  purchase 
of  silver  required  to  be  made  under  the  act  of  1878  the  decline  in  price 
continued. 

Further  legislation  by  the  United  States,  still  more  favorable  to  silver, 
was  enacted  by  the  act  of  July  14, 1890,  which  provided  for  the  purchase 
of  54,000,000  ounces  annually,  the  estimated  production  of  our  domestic 
mines.  The  effect  of  this  act  was  to  cause  a  temporary  advance  in  the 
price  of  silver,  but  the  high  price  could  not  be  maintained  owing  to  the 
largely  increased  output  by  the  silver-producing  countries  of  the  world, 
and  the  price  commenced  to  decline  in  September,  1890,  and  continued 
to  do  so. 

Sixth.  On  the  26th  of  June,  1893,  the  Legislative  Council  of  India 
liassed  a  bill  closing  her  mints  to  silver  coinage  for  individuals,  and 
her  action  has  been  followed  in  the  United  States  by  the  repeal  of  the 
purchasing  clause  of  the  act  of  July  14,  1890. 

The  present  price  of  silver  in  the  London  market  is  32^d.  for  silver 
.925  fine,  equivalent  in  United  States  money  to  $0.7032^,-  for  silver  1,000 
fine. 

Seventh.  The  great  increase  in  the  production  of  the  metal.  In  1873 
the  world's  production  of  silver  was  estimated  to  be  881,800,000,  and 
in  1892  at  $190,605,000 — an  increase  in  the  annual  supply,  in  twenty 
years,  of  over  140  per  cent. 


CIRCULATION   OF  SILVER  DOLLARS. 

The  f«?illoAving  table  exhibits  the  total  number  of  silver  dollars  coined, 
the  number  held  by  the  Treasury  for  the  redemption  of  certificates, 
the  number  held  in  excess  of  outstanding  certificates,  and  the  number 
in  circulation  on  November  1  of  each  of  last  eight  years : 

Coinage,  OwNERSinr,  and  Cip.culatiox  of  Silver  Dollars. 


Date. 

Total  coinage. 

In  the  Treasury. 

In  circulation. 

Held  for  pay- 
meut  of  certifi- 
cates out- 
standing. 

H(^ld  in  excess 
of  certilieates 
outstanding. 

Nov.  1.  1886 

244, 433, 386 
277, 110, 157 
309,  750,  890 
843,  638,  001 
380,  988,  466 
409,  475, 363 
416,412,835 
419,  332,  550 

100,  306,  800 
160,713,957 
229,  783, 152 
277, 319,  944 
308,  206, 177 
321, 142,  642 
324,  552,  532 
325,717,232 

82,  624, 431 
53, 461,  575 

20. 196,  288 
6,  219,  577 
7,072,725 

26. 197,  265 
30, 187,  848 
34,889,500 

61, 502, 155 
62,  934,  025 
59,771,450 

60,  098,  480 
65, 709,  564 
62, 135,  461 

61,  672,  455 
58,  725,  818 

Nov.  1,  1887 

Nov.  1,  1888 

Nov.  1,  1889 

Nov.  1,  1890 

Nov.  1,  1891 

Nov.  1,  1892 

Nov.  1,  1893 

174  PAPERS   ACCOMPAXYIXG   THE 

SEIGNIOEAGE   OX  SELYEE   COEN'AGE. 

The  balance  of  profits  on  the  coinage  of  silver  on  hand  at  the  mints 
at  the  commencement  of  the  fiscal  rear,  July  1, 1892,\ras  $70,004.25. 
The  seigniorage  on  the  coinage  of  silver  dollars  dnring  the  year 
amounted  to  $1,559,297.30.  and  on  subsidiary  coinage  -S'Go.Oa.  a  total  of 
$1,559,302.41.  From  the  seigniorage  there  were  paid  dnring  the  year  for 
expenses  of  distributing  silver  coin  $24,332.12.  and  for  reimbm^sements 
of  silver  wasted  by  the  operative  oflicei's  and  for  bullion  sold  in  sweeps, 
§8.075.05,  leaving  the  net  profits  on  the  coinasfe  of  silver  for  the  vear, 
$1,520,905.24.  Of  this  sum  $1,390,109.87  was  deiX)sited  in  the  Treasury 
during  the  year.  The  balance  of  profits  on  the  coinage  of  silver  on 
hand  at  the  mints  June  30,  1893.  was  $201,759.02. 

InclndtDg  the  balance  on  hand  at  the  mints  July  1,  1S78,  the  net 
profits  on  account  of  the  coinage  of  silver  from  that  date  to  November 
1,  1S93.  paid  into  the  Treasurv  of  the  United  States,  aggregates 
$74,202,970.99. 

The  total  seigniorage  on  the  coiuafire  of  silver  under  the  act  of  Julv 
14. 1890,  from  August  13, 1890,  to  November  1. 1893,  was  $0,977,098.39. 
Of  this  amount  $78,447.12  was  paid  for  CApenses  of  dLstributuig  silver 
coins,  and  $60,849.92  to  reimburse  the  bullion  fund  for  wastage  of  the 
operative  oliicers  of  the  mints  and  for  bullion  sold  in  sweepings,  and  the 
balance  paid  into  the  Treasury. 

A  table  will  be  found  in  the  Appendix  exhibiting  the  seigniorage  on 
the  silver  coinage  during  the  fiscal  year  at  each  mint,  and  the  disposi- 
tion of  the  same. 


I3IP0ETS  A^'D  EXPOETS  OF   TEE   PBECIOHS  I^IETALS. 

Gold. — During  the  fiscal  year  1893  foreign  gold  coins  of  the  value 
of  $11,962,738  were  imported  into  the  United  States.  Of  this  amount 
$5,398,240  came  from  France;  $4,748,440  from  Australasia:  $890,018 
from  Cuba:  $473,811  from  Germany:  $300,012  from  Mexico;  $84,024 
fr'om  Jax^an,  and  the  remainder  from  various  countries,  principally 
from  the  West  Indies  and  Central  American  States. 

The  value  of  our  own  gold  coins  returned  was  $6,074,899.  Of  this 
amount  $4,350,700  came  fi'om  Quebec  and  Ontario:  $537,518  from  the 
Westludies:  $437,508  from  Great  Britain :  $229,590,  fr^om  Venezuela; 
$129,300  from  China;  $115,152  from  Mexico;  $107,072  from  Colombia 
and  the  remainder  from  the  Central  American  States  and  other 
countries. 

Foreign  gold  bullion  of  the  value  of  $3,130,744  was  imported:  of 
which  amount  $1,923,505  came  from  Mexico:  $325,972  from  Colombia; 
$292,835  from  British  Columbia;  $150,458  from  Nicaragua:  $111,566 
from  Australasia,  and  $111,351  from  Honduras. 

Foreign  gold  ores  of  the  invoiced  value  of  $894,999  were  imported 
for  reduction,  all  of  which  came  fr'om  Mexico. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


175 


The  following  table  shows  that  tlie  total  imports  of  gold  into  the 
United  States  for  the  fiscal  year  1893  were  $22,069,380: 


Gold  Imports,  1893. 


Items. 


Foreign  bnllion $3, 130, 744 

Forei CT  coin I  11, 962,  738 

Foreign  ores '  894.  999 

Tota,l  foreign  gold I  15,99J,481 

United  States  coin I  6, 074, 899 

Total  gold  imports- . .-. '  22,  069,  380 


The  export  of  the  United  States  gold  coins  was  $101,844,087.  Of 
this  amount  837,895,500  were  shipped  to  Germany;  $32.24o.300  to 
France:  $21,201,700  to  England:  $5,303,193  to  Quebec  and  Ontario; 
81,818,579  to  Venezuela:  $1,055,351  to  Haiti;  81,000,000 to  the  Xether- 
lands,  and  the  remainder  to  Mexico,  the  "SVest  Indies,  Central  and 
South  America. 

The  shipments  of  our  own  coins  for  the  year  amounted  to  nearly 
$60,000,000  oyer  those  of  last  year. 

The  export  of  domestic  gold^bullion  was  $221,066,  of  which  $131,835 
were  exported  to  Quebec  and  Ontario  and  the  remainder  to  England. 

Foreign  gold  coins  of  the  yalue  of  $6,612,691  were  reexi)orted.  Of 
this  amount  $6,101,401  went  to  Cuba;  $129,950  to  England,  and  the 
remairider  to  other  countries. 

The  inyoiced  yalue  of  domestic  gold  ores  exjiorted  was  $225,524. 
Of  this  amount  $145,980  were  shipped  to  England  and  $79,518  to 
Germany.  Foreign  gold  ores  of  the  inyoiced  yalue  of  $16,607  were 
reexj)ortcd  to  England.  Gold  contained  in  silyer-copper  matte,  of  the 
yalue  of  $43,680  was  exported  from  the  i)ort  of  Baltimore. 

The  total  gold  exports  for  the  year  were  $108,966,655.  The  items  of 
the  same  will  be  found  in  the  following  table: 

Gold  ExroiiTS,  1893. 


Items. 

Amount,     i 

United  States  bars 

$131,835 

92,  231 

101, 844, 0S7 

43, 080 

225,  524 

other  domestic  bullion 

Dome.stic  coin 

Domestic  ores 

Total  domestic 

102, 337,  357  ! 

1 

6,  629, 293 

Foreign  coin  reexported $6, 612, 691 

Foreign  ores  rel-xportcd 16,  607 

Total  foreign 

Total  gold  exports 

108,  966, 655 

The  moyement  of  gold  for  the  fiscal  year  1893  shows  an  excess  of 
exports  oyer  imports  of  $86,897,275,  while  the  excess  for  the  fiscal 
year  1892  was  $142,654. 


176  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Silver. — Foreign  silver  bullion  of  the  commercial  value  of  $4,978,- 
400  was  imported  dnriug  tlie  year,  the  entire  amount  coming  from 
Mexico,  Central  and  South  American  States. 

Foreign  silver  coins  of  the  value  of  $17,G15,GC3  were  imported.  Of 
this  amount  $16,128,532  came  from  Mexico,  and  the  remainder  from  the 
West  Indies  and  Central  and  South  America. 

Silver  in  foreign  ores  of  the  invoiced  value  of  111,100,747  were 
imported  from  Mexico  into  the  United  States  for  reduction.  These 
silver-lead  ores  contained  59,420,588  pounds  of  lead  valued  at  $1,182,- 
911,  and  422,322  pounds  of  copper  valued  at  §22,706.  - 

United  States  silver  coins  (subsidiary  pieces)  of  the  value  of 
$599,189  were  imported,  of  which  $551,383  came  from  the  Provinces  of 
Quebec  and  Ontario. 


MONETARY   SYSTEMS  AND   APPROXIMATE   STOCKS   OF  MONEY  IN   THE 
PRINCIPAL   COUNTRIES   OF   THE  WORLD. 

The  following  table  of  the  monetary  systems  and  the  approximate 
stock  of  gold,  silver,  and  uncovered  paper  money  in  the  principal  coun- 
tries of  the  world  has  been  comjDiled  from  the  latest  information  obtain- 
able, and  while  necessarily  but  an  estimate,  is  believed  to  show  as 
nearly  as  can  be  ascertained  the  actual  stock  of  money  in  the  world : 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


177 


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17i 


PAPEES   ACCOMPANYING   THI 


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Eatio  be- 
tween gold 
and  limited 
tender  sil- 
ver. 

in 

Eatio 

between 

gold  and 

lull  legal 

tender 

silver. 

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1  to  ISi 

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ItolS 

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EEPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


179 


GOLD   AKD    SIL-\TER   USED   lis    THE   ITsDUSTElAX,   ARTS. 

For  tlie  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  amount  of  gold  and  silver  used 
in  tlie  industrial  arts  and  manufactures  during  the  calendar  year  1892, 
statements  were  obtained  from  the  mints  and  assay  offices  of  the  United 
States  and  frojn  xirivate  establisliments  slioTring  the  amount  and  value 
of  gold  and  silver  bars  sold  to  manufacturers  and  je^velers  for  use  in 
the  arts,  and  as  nearly  as  possible  tlie  material  used  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  such  bars. 

4^  ^  #  ^  #  ^  4^ 

For  the  purpose  of  comparison,  the  following  table  exhibiting  the 
value  of  gold  and  silver  furnished  for  iudustiial  uses  by  Government 
institutions  and  i)rivate  firms  during  the  ca^lendar  year  1891  is  given: 

Gold  axd  Silver  Baus  fvkxished  for  use  ix  Manufactures  axd  the  Arts 
DURING  THE  Calendar  Yeah  1891,  and  Classification  of  the  Material  used. 


Material. 

Gold. 

Silver. 

Total. 

Domestic  bullion 

$10,  697, 679 

458,  037 

628, 525 

4,860,712 

$7, 289, 073 

228, 446 

1,  256, 101 

858, 120 

$17, 986, 752 

686,483 

1, 884,  626 

5,  718,  838 

Total 

IG,  044,  953 

9,  631,  746 

26,  276,  699 

It  will  be  observed  that  there  was  no  material  variation  in  the  amount 
of  gold  and  silver  used  in  the  industrial  arts  during  the  calendar  years 
1891  and  1892,  the  value  of  the  gold  in  1892  being  $10,616,408,  against 
$16,641,953  in  1891  j  of  silver,  89,106,540  (coining  value)  in  1892,  as 
against  $9,631,746  in  1891. 

******* 

The  above  table  shows  the  value  of  the  gold  bars  manufactured  by 
Government  institutions  to  have  been  $12,990,491;  an  increase  of 
$1,132,918  over  the  amount  manufactured  during  the  fiscal  year  1892. 

The  value  of  the  silver  bars  manufactured  was  $7,443,721;  an  increase 
of  $1,024,780  over  the  previous  year. 

A  table  will  be  found  in  the  Appendix  showing  the  value  and  descrip- 
tion of  the  gold  and  silver  employed  in  the  industrial  arts  in  the  United 
States  for  the  years  1880-'92  inclusive. 

The  items  for  each  j^ear  are  given  separately. 

PRODUCT  OF   GOLD   AND   SIL^TilE. 

The  detailed  statistics  of  the  product  of  gold  and  silver  in  the  United 
States  for  the  calendar  year  1892  were  presented  in  a  si^ecial  report  to 
Congress  on  that  subject,  according  to  which  they  were  as  follows: 

Product  of  Mines  of  the  United  States,  1892. 


Metals. 


Fine  ounces. 


G  old I        1,  597, 098 

Silver I      58,  004, 289 


Value. 


$33,  014, 981 
*74,  995, 442 


Total 59,601,387 


108, 010, 423 


*  Coining  value.    The  commercial  value  was  $50,753,752. 


180 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


The  distributiou  of  the  product  of  our  own  mines  among  producing 
States  and  Territories  was  approximately  as  follows: 

Approximate  Distribution  by  Producing  States  and  Territories  of  the  Prod- 
uct OF  Gold  and  Silver  in  the  United  States  for  the  Calendar  Year 
1892,  AS  Estimated  by  the  Director  op  the  Mint, 


State  or  Territory. 


Gold. 


Fine  ounces. 


Value. 


Silver. 


Fine  ounces. 


Coinino 
value. 


Total  value. 


Alaska 

Arizona 

California 

Colorado 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Michigan 

Montana 

Nevada 

Xew  Mexico 

Korth  Carolina  . 

Oregon 

South  Carolina. 
South  Dakota... 

Texas 

Utah 

Washington  — 

Alabama 

Maryland 

Tennessee 

Virginia 

Vermont 

Wyoming 

Total 


48,  375 

51,761 

580,  500 

256,  387 

4,583 

83,  271 

3,386 

139,  871 

76,  021 

45,  956 

3,800 

67,  725 

5,968 

178,  987 


31,  936 
18,  071 


500 


$1,000,000 

1,  070,  000 

12,  000, 000 

5,  300,  000 

94, 734 

1,721,364 

70, 000 

2,891,386 

1,571,500 

950,  000 

78,  500 

1,  400,  000 

123,  305 

3,  700,  000 


660, 175 
373,  561 


10,  336 


8,000 

1, 062,  220 

360,  000 

24,  000,  000 

400 

3, 161,  2G9 

60,  000 

17,  350,  000 

2, 244, 000 

1,  075, 000 

9,000 

50, 000 

400 

60,  000 

310,  000 

8, 100, 000 

150,  000 


1,000 


$10, 343 

1, 373, 375 

465, 455 

31, 030, 303 

517 

4,  091, 176 

77, 576 

22, 432, 323 

2,901,333 

1, 389,  899 

11,  636 

64,  646 

517 

77,  576 

400, 808 

10, 472, 727 

193.  939 


1,293 


$1, 010,  343 

2,  443,  375 

12, 465,  455 

36, 330,  303 

95,  251 

5,  812,  540 

147,  576 

25, 323,  709 

4,472,833 

2,  339,  899 

90, 196 

1, 464,  646 

123,  882 

3, 777,  576 

400,  808 

11, 132,  902 

567,  500 


11,  629 


1,  597, 098 


33,014,981 


58,  004,  289 


74,  995, 442 


108, 010,  423 


In  the  Appendix  will  be  found  a  table  showing  the  annual  product  of 
gold  and  silver  from  the  mines  of  the  United  States  since  1792. 

world's  coinage. 

In  the  Appendix  will  be  found  a  table,  revised  from  the  latest  infor- 
mation received,  exhibiting  the  coinages  of  the  various  countries  of  the 
world  during  the  calendar  years  1890,  1891,  and  1892. 

The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  same: 


Calendar  years. 


Gold. 


Silver. 


1890 
1891 
1892 


$149, 244, 965 
119, 534, 122 
167,  917, 337 


$152,  293, 144 
138, 294, 367 
143, 096,  239 


The  above  figures  represent,  as  nearly  as  this  bureau  has  been  able 
to  ascertain,  the  total  value  of  the  gold  and  silver  coinages  executed 
in  the  world  during  the  vears  therein  named. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


181 


A  summary  of  tiie  "world's  production  of  gold  and  silver  for  tlie  years 
1890-'92  will  be  found  in  the  following  table: 

World's  Productiox  of  the  Peecious  Metals. 


Calendar  years. 

Gold. 

Silver. 

1800 

$118, 818,  700 
126, 183,  500 
138,801,000 

$172, 231,  500 
186, 440,  800 
196, 458,  800 

1891 

1892 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  estimated  product  of  the  precious 
metals  in  the  world  for  each  calendar  year  since  1873 : 

Pkoductiox  of  Gold  axd  Silver  ix  the  AVorld  for  the  Calendar  Years 

1873-1892. 


Calendar  years. 


Gold. 


1873. 
1674. 
1875. 
1876 
1877, 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1880 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 


$96,  200, 000 
90,  750,  000 
97, 500,  000 
103,  700,  000 
114, 000,  000 
119,  000,  000 
100, 000,  000 
106,  500,  000 
103,  COO,  000 
102,  COO,  COO 
85, 400,  000 
101,700,000 
108,  400,  OOO 
106, 000,  000 
105,  775,  COO 
110, 197,  000 
123,  489, 000 
118,  848,  700 
126, 183,  500 
138,  861,  OOO 


Silver. 


rino  ounces     Commercial 
(troy).  value. 


63,  207, 000 
55, 300,  000 
62,  202,  000 
67,  753,  000 
62,  648,  000 

73,  476,  000 

74,  250, 000 
74,  791,  000 
78,  890,  000 
80, 470,  000 
89, 177,  COO 
81,597,  COO 
91,  052,  000 
93,  276,  000 
96, 124,  COO 

108,  827,  000 
125, 420,  000 
133,  212,  COO 
144,  204,  900 
151,948,600 


Coining 
value. 


$82, 120, 
70,  673, 

77,  578, 

78,  322, 
75, 240, 
84,644, 
83,  383, 
85,  636, 

89,  777, 
08,230, 
98, 980, 

90,  817, 
97,  504, 
92  772 
94,  031, 

102,  283, 
117,208, 
139, 873, 
142,  618, 
132,  955, 


$81,  800,  000 
71,500,000 

80,  500, 000 
87,  000, 000 

81,  000, 000 
95,  000,  000 
90,  000,  OOO 
96, 700, 000 

102,  000, 000 
111,  800,  000 
115,  300,  COO 
105,  500, 000 
118,  500,  OCO 
120,  600,  000 
124,  281,  COO 
140,  700,  COO 
162, 159, 000 
172,  234,  500 
186, 446, 800 
196,  458,  800 


The  silver  product  is  given  at  its  commercial  value,  reckoned  at  the 
average  market  price  of  silver  each  year,  as  well  as  its  coining  value  in 
United  States  dollars. 


The  law  requires ; 


VALUE   OF  FOREIGN  COINS. 


That  the  valne  of  foreign  coins  as  cxjiresscd  in  the  money  of  account  of  the  United 
States  shall  he  that  of  the  j)nre  metal  of  snch  coin  of  standard  value;  and  the  values 
of  the  standard  coins  in  circulation  of  the  various  nations  of  the  world  shall  be  esti- 
mated quarterly  by  the  Director  of  the  Mint  and  be  proclaimed  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  immediately  after  the  passage  of  this  act  and  thereafter  quarterly  on 
the  1st  day  of  January,  April,  July,  and  October  in  each  year. 

In  accordance  with  the  above  requirement,  the  values  of  foreign  coins 
have  been  estimated  and  proclaimed  as  follows: 


182 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Values  of  Foreigx  Coixs,  Jaxuaky  1,  1893. 


Country. 


Argentine  Ecpublic 


Austria-Hungary. . . 


Belgium 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

British  Possessions 
aS'ortli  America 
(except  Ne-w- 
foundland) . 
Central  American 
States. 

Costa  Eica ' 

Guatemala. . 
Honduras  . . 
Nicaragua.. 

Salvador 

Chile 


China  ..., 
Colombia  . 
Cuba 


Denmark . 
Ecuador . . 


Egyi)t 


Standard. 


Gold    and 
silver. 


Gold. 


Gold    and 
silver. 

Silver 

Gold 


.do 


Silver. 


Gold    and 

silver. 


Silver 


.do. 


Gold    and 
silver. 

Gold 

Silver 


Gold. 


Finland do 


Franco 


Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 
Gold 


German  Emi)ire 

Great  Britain do 


Greece. 


Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 


ilouetary  unit. 


Value 

in 
terms 

of 

United 

States 

gold 

dollar. 


Peso $0.96,5 


Crown. 


Franc. 


Boliviano. 
Milreia ... 


Dollar  , 


Peso. 


Peso. 


(Shanghai 
Haikwan 
(customs) 
Peso 

...do 

Crown 

Sucre 


Pound  (100  pias- 
ters.) 

Mark 

Franc 

Mark 

Pound  sterling  . . 

Drachma , 


.20,3 


.19,3 

.61,3 
.54,6 

1.00 


.61,3 


.91,2 


.90,6 
1.01 


4.  94, 3 


.19, 

.19, 

.23, 
4.86, 

.19, 


Coins. 


Gold:  argentine  ($4.82,4)  and  J  ar- 
gentine. Silver:  peso  and  divi- 
sions. 

Gold:  former  system — 4  florins 
($1.92,9),  8  florins  ($3.85,8),  ducat 
($2.28,7)  and  4  ducats  ($9.15,8). 
Silver:  1  and  2  florins. 

Present   system— Gold:  20  crowns 

,    ($4.05,2)  and  10  erjwns  ($2.02,6). 

Gold:  10  and  20  francs.  Silver:  5 
francs. 

Silver:  boliviano  and  divisions. 

Gold:  5,  10,and20milreis.  Silver: 
J,  1,  and  2  milreis. 


Silver :  peso  and  divisions. 


Gold:  escudo  ($1.82,4),  doubloon 
($4.56,1),  and  condor  ($9.12,3). 
Silver :  peso  and  divisions. 


Gold:  condor  ($9.64,7)  and  double- 
condor.    Silver:  peso. 

Gold:  doubloon  ($5.01,7).  Silver: 
peso. 

Gold :  10  and  20  crowns. 

Gold:  condor  ($9.64,7)  and  double- 
condor.  Silver:  Sucre  and  divi- 
sions. 

Gold :  pound  (100  piasters),  5, 10, 20, 
and  50  piasters.  Silver :  1, 2, 5, 10, 
and  20  piasters. 

Gold:  20  marks  ($3.85,9),  10  marks 
($1.93). 

Gold :  5,  10,  20,  50,  and  100  francs. 
Silver:  5  francs. 

Gold :  5, 10,  and  20  marks. 

Gold:  sovereign  (pound  sterling) 
and  i  sovereign. 

Gold ;  5, 10, 20,  50,  and  100  drachmas. 
Silver :  5  draehmaa. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY   OF    THE    TREASURY.  183 

Values  of  Foreign  Coixs,  January  1,  1893— Continued. 


Country. 


Standard. 


Monetary  unit. 


Value 

in 
terms 

of 

United 

States 

gold 

dollar. 


Coins. 


Haiti . 
India 
Italy  . 


Japan  

Liberia 

Mexico 


Netherlands . 


Newfoundland. 

Norway 

Peru 

Portugal 


Russia. 
Spain  . . 


Sweden 

Switzerland 


Tripoli  .... 
Turkey.... 
Venezuela , 


Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 
Silver 


Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

...do.* 

Gold 

Silver , 


Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

Gold 

...do 

Silver 

Gold 


Silver. 


Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

Gold , 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

Silver , 


Gold, 


Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 


Gourde . 
Eupee . . 
Lira 


$0. 96, 5 


Ten  ..  i 

DoUar.. 
...do... 


cGold.. 
Silver 


Florin 


Dollar.. 
Crown . 

Sol 

Milieis 

Ruble-. 

Peseta . 

Crown  , 
Franc. 


fGold. 


[Silver  . 


Mabbub    of    2  0 

piasters. 
Piaster 


Bolivar . 


.29, 

.19, 

.99, 

.66, 

1.00 

.66, 


.40, 

1.01, 
.26, 
.61, 

1.08 

.77, 

.49, 
.19, 


.26,8 
.19.3 

.55,3 

.04,4 

.19,3 


Silver  :gourde. 

Gold:  mobur  ($7.10,5J.    Silver:  ru- 
pee and  di\asion3. 
Gold :  5, 10, 20,  50,  and  100  lire.    Sil- 
ver :  5  lire. 
Gold:  1, 2,  5, 10,  and  20  yen- 
Silver:  yen. 

Gold:  dollar  ($0.98,3),  2J,  5,  10,  and 
20  dollars.  Silver:  dollar  (or peso) 
and  divisions. 

Gold:  10  iiorins.  Silver:  J,  1,  and 
2J  iiorins. 

Gold:  2  dollars  ($2.02,7), 

Gold :  10  and  20  crowns. 

Silver:  sol  and  divisions. 

Gold:  1,  2,  5,  and  10  milreis. 

Gold:  imperi.al  ($7.71,8),  and  J  im- 
perial t(3.86). 

Silver :  J,  i,  and  1  ruble. 

Gold:  25pesctas.  Silver:  5 pesetas. 

Gold :  10  and  20  crowns. 
Gold:  5,  10,  20,  50,  and  100  francs. 
Silver :  5  francs. 


Gold:  25,  50,  100,  250,  and  500  pias- 
ters. 

Gold:  5,  10,  20,  50,  and  100 bolivars. 
Silver :  5  bolivars. 


*Gold  the  nominal  standard.    Silver  practically  the  standard, 
t  Coined  since  Jan.  1, 1880.    Old  half  imperial  =  $3.98,6. 


184 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Values  of  Foreign  Coixs,  April  1,  1893. 


Value 

m 

terms 

Country. 

Standard. 

Monetary  unit. 

of 

United 

States 

gold 

dollar. 

Coins. 

Argentine  Kepublic. 

$0.  96,  5 

Gold:  argentine  ($4.82,4)  and  i  ar- 
gentine.   Silver:  peso  and   divi- 

ver. 

sions. 

Gold:     former   system — 4     florins 

(1.92,9),  8  florins  ($3.85,8),  ducat 

Austria- Hungary . . . 

Gold 

Crown 

.20,3 

(^2.28,7)    and   4  ducats  ($9.15,8). 
Silver:  1  and  2  florins. 
Gold:    present  sj-stem — 20  crowns 
($4.05,2)  and  10  crowns  ($2.02,6). 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

.19,3 

Gold:  10  and  20  francs.  Silver:  5 
francs. 

Silver 

Gold 

Boliviano..: 

.61 

.51,6 

Silver:  boliviano  and  divisions. 
Gold:  5,  10,  and20  milreis.    Silver: 

^,  1,  and  2  milreis. 

Brazil 

Britisli  Posses.sions 

....do  

Dollar 

1.00 

Kortli      America 

(except    N  e  'w- 

foundland) . 

Central    American 

States: 

Costa  Kica ) 

Guatemala 

Honduras 

Silver 

Peso 

.61 

Silver:  peso  and  division* 

Nicaragua 

Salvador 

Chile 

....do 

.91,2 

Gold:  escudo  ($1.82,4),  doubloon 
(4.50,1)  and  condor  ($9.12,3).    Sil- 

ver. 

ver:  peso  and  divisions. 

fShanghai . 

.90,1 

Silver 

Tael.iHaikwan 
[(customs). 

1.00,4 

...  do 

61 

Gold:  condor  ($9.64,7)  and  double- 
condor.    Silver:  peso. 

Cuba 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

do    

.92,6 

Gold:  doubloon  (5.01,7).  Silver: 
peso. 

Denmark 

Gold 

Crown 

.26,8 

Gold :  10  and  20  crowns. 

Ecuador 

Silver 

Sucre 

.61 

Gold:  condor  ($9.64,7)  and  double- 
condor.     Silver:  sucre and  divi- 

sions. 

E"-vpt 

Gold 

Pound  (100  pias- 
ters). 

4  94  3 

Gold:  pound(100piaster8),  5, 10,20, 
and 50 piasters.  Silver:!,  2,5,  10, 

and  20  piasters. 

riuland 

....do  

Mark 

.19,3 

Gold:  20  marks  ($3.85,  9),  10  marks 
($1.93). 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

.19,3 

Gold:  5,10,20,  50,  and  100  francs. 
Silver:  5 francs. 

German  Empire 

Great  Britain 

Gold 

Mark 

23,8 

Gold :  5, 10,  and  20  marks. 

Gold 

Pound  sterling  . . 

4. 86,  6J 

Gold:   sovereign  (pound  sterling) 

and  J  sovereign. 

Greece 

.19,3 

Gold :  5, 10, 20, 50,  and  100  drachmas. 
Silver:  5  drachmas. 

ver. 

^rORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  185 

Values  of  Foreign  Coixs,  April  1,  1893— Continued. 


Value 

in 
terms 

- 

Comitiy. 

Standard. 

Monetarj-  unit. 

United 
States 
gold 
dollar. 

Coins. 

jjaiti                   

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

$0. 06,  5 

Silver:  gourde. 

Silver 

.29 

Gold:    mohur  ($7.10,5).      Silver: 
rupee  and  divisions. 

Italy        

.19,3 

Gold :  5, 10,  20, 50,  and  100  lire.    Sil- 
ver :  5  lire. 

ver. 

Japan  

....do.  * 

,;Gold..-- 
^^"•-Ssilver.. 

.99,7 
.65,8 

Gold:  1,2, 5, 10,  and 20  yen. 
Silver:  yen. 

Gold 

Silver 

Dollar 

1.00 
.66,2 

Gold:ldollar  ($0.98,3),  2^5, 10,  and 20 
dollars.    Silver:  dollar  (or  peso) 

Dollar   

and  divisions. 

riorin    

.40  2 

ver. 

2i  florins. 

Xe^vfonDdland 

Gold 

Dollar 

1.01,4 

Gold:  2  dollars  ($2.02,7;. 

do 

"6  8 

Silver 

Gold 

.61 

l.OS 

Silver:  sol  and  divisions. 

Silver 

fGold.... 
raible-.l 

.  77  2 

Gold:  imperial  ($7.71,8),  and  J  im- 
perial t($3.86). 

[silver  .. 

.48,8 

Silver :  J,  \,  and  1  ruble. 

Spain 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

Peseta 

.19,3 

Gold:  25 pesetas.  Silver:  5pesetas. 

Sweden 

STvitzerland 

Gold 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

.26,8 
.19,3 

Gold :  10  and  20  crowns. 
Gold:  5,  10,  20,  50,  and  100  francs. 
Silver :  5  francs. 

Silver 

Malitub    of  20 

.55 

piasters. 

Turkey 

Gold 

.01,4 

Gold:  25,  50,  100,  250,  and  500  pias- 
ters. 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

.19,3 

Gold:  5,10,  20,  50,  and  100  bolivars. 
Silver :  5  bolivars. 

*  Gold  the  nominal  standard.    Silver  practically  the  standard. 
I  Coined  since  January  1,  1836.    Old  half  impei-ial  =  $3.98,6. 


186 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Values  of  Foreigx  Coixs,  July  1,  1893. 


Value 

in 

terras 

Country. 

Standard. 

Monetary  unit. 

of 

United 

States 

gold 

dollar. 

Coins. 

Argentine  KepuLlic . 

Gold  and  sil- 

$0.96,  5 

Gold :  argentine  ($4.82,4)  and  J  argen- 
tine.    SUver:  peso  and  division. 

ver. 

/  Gold:    former     system— 4   florins 

($1.92,9),  8  florins  ($3.85,8),  ducat 

(•$2.28,7)   and  4  ducats  ($9.15,8). 

Austria-Hungary. . . 

Gold 

.20,3 

Silver:  1  and  2  florins. 
Gold:  present  system— 20  crowns 

I      ($4.05,2)  and  10  crowns  ($2.02,6). 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

.19,3 

Gold:  10  and  20  francs.  Silver:  5 
francs. 

Bolivia 

Silver 

Boliviano 

.60,4 

Silver :  boliviano  and  divisions. 

Gold 

.54,6 

Gold :  5, 10,  and  20  mOreia.  SUver : 
J,  1,  and  2  milreis. 

British  possessions 
North      America 

do 

Dollar 

1.00 

1 

(except    New 

Foundland). 

Central     American 

States- 

Costa  Rica 1 

Guatemala 

Silver 

.60,4 

Silver:  peso  and  divisions. 

Nicaragua 

Salvador 

Chile 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

do 

.91,2 

Gold:  escudo  ($1.82,4),  doubloon 
($4.50,1),  and  condor  ($9.12,3).   Sil- 

ver: peso  and  divisions. 

[■Shanghai  . 

.89,2 

Silver 

Tael.'jllaikwan 
[(customs). 

.99,4 

do    

.60,4 

Gold:  condor  ($9.64,7)  and  double- 
condor.    Silver:  peso. 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

.    do 

.92,6 

Gold:  doubloon  ($5.01,7).  Silver: 
peso. 

Gold. 

Silver 

.  26, 8  ]  Gold :  10  and  20  croTvns. 

.60,4  1  Gold:  condor  ($9.64,7)  and  douhlo- 

Ecuador 

Sucre 

condor.    Silver:  suere  .and  divi- 

sions. 

Egypt...., 

Gold 

Pound  (100  pias- 
ters). 

4.  94,  3 

Gold :  pound  (100  piasters),  5, 10,  20, 
and 50 piasters.  Silver:  1,2,5,10, 
and  20  piasters. 

Finland 

....do 

Mark 

.19,3 

Gold:  20  marks  ($3.85,9),  10  marks 

(.$1.93). 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

.19,3 

Gold:  5,  10,  20,  50,  and  100  francs. 
Silver:  5  francs. 

Gold 

Mark 

.23,8 

Gold:  5. 10,  and  20  marks. 

Great  Britain 

....do 

Pound  sterliug... 

4.  86,  6jl  Gold:    sovereiffn   (nound  stcrlin"')  1 

and  J  sovereign. 

Gold  and  .sil- 
ver. 

Drachma 

.19,3 

Gold :  5, 10,  20, 50,  and  1 00  drachmas. 
Silver:  5  drachmas. 

REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY   OF 
Values  of  Foreign  Coins,  July  1, 


THE    TREASURY.  187 

1893— Continued. 


Country. 

Standard. 

Monetary  unit. 

V.aluo 

in 
terms 

of 

United 

States 

gold 

dollar. 

\            Coins. 

Haiti 

Gold  and  sil- 
A'er. 

Silver 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

....do.* 

Gold 

Silver 

Gourde 

$0.96,5 

.28,7 

.19,3 

.99,7 
.65,1 
100. 
.65,6 

.40,2 

1.  01,  4 
.26,8 
.60,4 

1.08 

77,2 

.48,3 
.19,3 

'26,8 
.19,3 

.54,5 

.04,4 

.19,3 

Silver:  gourde. 

Gold:  mohur  ($7.10,5).  Silver:  ru- 
pee and  divisions. 

Gold :  5, 10,  20,  50,  and  100  lire.  Sil- 
ver :  5  lire. 

Gold :  1,  2,  5, 10,  and  20  yen. 

Silver:  yen. 

Gold:  dollar  ($0.98,3),  2^,  5,  10,  and 
20  dollars.  Silver:  dollar  (or 
peso)  and  divisions. 

Gold:  10  florins.  Silver:  J,  1,  and 
2i  florins. 

Gold:  2  dollars  ($2.02,7). 

Gold:  10  and  20  crowns. 

Silver :  sol  and  divisions. 

G  old :  1 ,  2,  5,  and  10  milreis. 

Gold:  imperial  ($7.71,8)  and  J  impe- 
rial t  ($3.86). 

Silver :  J,  J,  and  1  ruble. 

Gold :  25  pesetas.    Silver :  5  pesetas. 

Gold:  10  and  20  crowns. 
Gold:  5,  10,  20,  50,  and  100  francs. 
Silver :  5  francs. 

Gold:  25,  50,  100,  250,  and  500  pias- 
ters. 

Gold :  5,  10,  20,  50,  and  100  bolivars. 
Silver :  5  bolivars. 

Italy             

Lira 

Japan  

f  Gold.. 
^e°--- J  Silver. 
Dollar 

....do 

Ketherlands 

Kewfouudland 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

Gold 

do 

EoUar 

Crown 

Silver 

Gold 

Silver  I 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

Gold 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

Silver 

Gold 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

Sol 

Milreis 

Eus.sia 

Spain 

("Gold.. 
Euble...  -! 

[silver. 
Peseta 

Crown 

Switzerland 

Tripoli 

Franc  

Malibub     of    20 
piasters. 

Turkey  

Venezuela 

*  Gold  tbo  nominal  standard.    Silver  practically  the  standard, 
t  Coined  since  January  1,  1886.    Old  half-imperial=$3.08,6. 
t  Silver  the  nominal  standard.    Paper  the  actual  currency,  the 
the  gold  staudai-d. 


depreciation  of  which  is  measured  by 


188 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Values  op  Foreign  Coins,  October  1,  1893. 


Value 

in 

terms 

Country. 

Standard. 

Monetary  unit. 

of 

United 

States 

gold 

dollar. 

Coins. 

Argentine  Kepublic. 

Peso 

$0. 96,  5 

Gold :  Argentine  ($4.82,4)  and  J  argen- 
tine.   Silver:  peso  and  divisions. 

yer. 

Gold:     former     system — 4    florins 

($1.92,9),  8  florins  ($3.85,8),  ducat 

Anstria-Hiingary... 

Gold 

.20,3 

($2.28,7)  and  4  ducats  (9.15,8). 
Silver:  1  and  2  florins. 

Gold:   present  system— 20  crowns 

I    ($4.05,2)  and  10  crowns  ($2.02,6). 

.19,3 

Gold:  10  and  20  francs.    Silver:  5 

ver. 

francs. 

.53,1 
.54,6 

Brazil 

Gold 

Gold :  5, 10,  and  20  milreis.  Silver : 
i,  1,  and  2  milreis. 

British  Possessions 
iNortli      A.merica 

....do  

Dollar   

1.00 

(except    New- 

foundland) . 

-Central     American 

States- 

Costa  Eica ' 

Guatemala 

Honduras > 

Nicaragua 

Silver 

.53,1 

Silver:  peso  and  divisions. 

Salvador 

Chile    

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

do 

.91,2 

Gold:  escudo  ($1.82,4),  doubloon 
($4.50,1),  and  condor  ($9.12,3).    Sil- 

ver: peso  and  divisions. 

[Shanghai  . 

.78,4 

China  

Silver 

Tael  <IIaikwan 

.87,4 

[.(Customs). 

Colombia 

do 

.53,1 

Gold:  condor  ($9.04,7)  and  double- 
condor.    Silver:  peso. 

Cuba 

do    

.92,6 

Gold:  doubloon  ($5.01,7).  Silver: 
peso. 

ver. 

Gold 

Silver 

.26,8 
53  1 

Gold :  10  and  20  crowns. 
Gold:  condor  ($9.6-4,7)  and  double- 
condor.    Silver:  sucro  and  divi- 

sions. 

En-vpt 

Gold 

Pound  (100  pias- 
ters. 

4  94  3 

Gold:  pound  (100  piasters),  5, 10,  20, 
and  50  piasters.    Silver :  1, 2,  5. 10, 

and  20  piasters. 

Finland 

do 

Mark 

.19,3 

Gold:  20  marks  ($3.85,9),  10  marks 
($1.93). 

France  

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

.19,3 

Gold:  5,  10,  20,  50,  and  100  francs. 
Silver :  5  francs. 

German  Empire 

Gold 

Mark 

.23,8 

Gold :  5, 10,  and  20  marks. 

Great  Britain 

do 

4.  80,  Oi 

Gold:  sovereign  (pound  sterling) 
and  h  sovereign. 

Greece 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

Drachma 

.19,3 

Gold :  5, 10,  20, 50,  and  100  drachmas, 
Silver :  5  drachmas. 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


189 


V.\i.uES  OF  Foreign  Coixs,  October  1,  1893 — Coutinuecl, 


Value 
in 

teiTns 

Country. 

Standard. 

Monetary  nnit. 

of 

rnited 

States 

gold 

dollar. 

Coins. 

Haiti           

$0. 96,  5 

Silver:  gourde. 

ver. 

Indi.i 

Silver 

Eupee 

.  23.  2 

Gold:   mohur  ($7.10,5),     Silver:  ru- 

pee and  divisions. 

Italy 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

.19,3 

Gold :  5, 10,  20,  50,  and  100  lire.    Sil- 
ver: 5  lire. 

Japan  

....do.  * 

^            ^Gold.... 
Ten.  ..] 

(Silver  .. 

.99,7 
.57,3 

Gold:  1,  2,  5, 10,  and  20  yen. 
Silver:  yen. 

Liberia 

Gold 

Dollar 

1.00 

do 

Gold:  dollar  ($0,98,3),  2J,5,  10,  and 
20  dollars.   Silver:  dollar  (or  peso) 

and  divisions. 

Xetbcrlands 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

Florin 

.40,2 

Gold:  10  florins.    Silver:  J,  1,  and 
2J  florins. 

Newfoundland 

Gold 

Dollar 

1.01,4 

Gold:  2  dollars  (.$2.02,7). 

do 

.26,8 
.53,1 
1.08 

.77,2 

Gold :  10  and  20  crowns. 

Silver:  sol  and  divisions. 

Gold:  1, 2, 5,  and  10  milreis. 

Gold:  imperial  ($7.71,8)  and  J  im- 

Silver  

Gold 

Sol 

(•Gold.... 

Silver  t    .   .. 

EuLlo  .1 

perial  t  ($3,86). 
Silver:  J,  i,  and  1  ruble. 

[silver  .. 

.42,5 

.19,3 

Gold:  25 pesetas.   Silver:  5 pesetas. 

ver. 

Sweden  

Gold 

Crown 

.26,8 

Gold:  10  and  20  crowns. 

Switzerland 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

.19,3 

Gold:  5,  10,  20,  50,  and  100  francs. 
Silver:  5  francs. 

Tripoli 

Silver  . 

Malihub    of    20 

.47.9 

piasters. 

Gold     .  .   .. 

.04,4 

G  old :  25,  50, 100, 250,  and  500  piasters . 
Gold:  5,10,20,  50,  and  100  bolivars. 
Silver :  5  bolivars. 

Gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

Bolivar 

.19,3 

*  Gold  the  nominal  standard.    Silver  practically  the  standard. 
t  Coined  since  January  1, 1886.    Old  half- imperial  =  $3.98,0. 

I  Silver  the  nominal  standard.    Paper  the  actual  currency,  the  depreciation  of  which  is  measured 
by  the  gold  standard. 

*  W  IT  TP  "Jp  ^  * 

THE  BRUSSELS  INTERNATIONAL  MONETARY  CONFERENCE. 

Some  notice  of  this  conference  will  naturally  be  expected  in  this  report. 

It  was  the  fourth  international  monetary  conference,  and  the  third 
at  which  the  possibility  of  adopting  the  system  of  bimetallism  by  inter- 
national agreement  was  exhaustively  and  jirofoundly  discussed. 

The  first  international  monetary  conference  was  that  of  18G7.  It  met 
on  the  invitation  of  the  French  Government  'Ho  consider  the  question 
of  uniformity  of  coinage,  and  to  seek  for  the  basis  of  ulterior  negotia- 
tions." It  came  together  in  the  city  of  Paris  on  June  17.  Eighteen  of 
the  principal  countries  of  Europe,  and  the  United  States  were  repre- 
sented at  it,  the  latter  by  Hon.  Samuel  B.  Ruggles,  of  New  York. 

The  conference  voted  unanimously  against  the  adoption  by  the  coun- 


190  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

tries  represented  of  tlie  silver  standard  exclusively,  and  unanimously, 
with  the  exception  of  the  jS"etherlands,  in  favor  of  the  single  gold  stand- 
ard. It  also  voted  that  an  international  coinage  should  consist  of 
"  types  with  a  common  denominator  for  weight,  in  gold  coins  of  iden- 
tical fineness,"  and  that  that  fineness  should  be  .900.  By  a  vote  of  13 
to  2  it  favored  the  5-franc  gold  piece  as  the  common  denominator,  and 
voted  that  gold  coins  having  this  common  denominator  should  have 
legal  circulation  in  the  couutries  agreeiiig  to  the  action  of  the  confer- 
ence, and  that  it  would  be  expedient  to  coin  gold  pieces  of  25  francs  for 
inter u  ational  circulation . 

At  the  final  session  of  the  conference  it  was  voted  to  refer  these  and 
other  decisions  reached  to  the  several  States  for  diplomatic  action,  and 
that  information  of  the  action  of  the  States  should  be  transmitted  to 
the  French  Government,  which  should  have  power  to  reassemble  the 
conference.    The  conference  adjourned  July  G,  and  was  not  reassembled. 

The  second  international  monetary  conference  was  that  of  1878.  It 
was  called  by  the  United  States.  The  act  of  February  28, 1878,  directed 
the  President  to  invite  the  governments  of  Europe  to  join  in  a  confer- 
ence to  adopt  a  common  ratio  between  gold  and  silver  for  the  purpose 
of  establishing  internationally  the  use  of  bimetallic  money  and  secur- 
ing fixity  of  relative  value  between  these  metals.  The  conference  met 
at  Paris  on  the  IGth  of  August.  Twelve  countries  Avere  represented, 
the  United  States  by  Reuben  E.  Fenton,  of  New  York;  W.  S.  Groes- 
beck,  of  Ohio,  and  Francis  A.  Walker,  of  Connecticut.  S.  Dana  Hor- 
ton,  the  secretary  of  the  American  delegation,  was  admitted  to  the 
conference  as  a  member.  It  is  worthy  of  note  that  Germany  declined 
to  send  delegates  to  this  conference. 

At  the  second  session  Mr.  Groesbeck,  on  behalf  of  the  United  States, 
laid  two  propositions  before  the  conference:  (1)  That  it  was  not  to  be 
desired  that  silver  be  excluded  from  free  coinage  in  Europe  and  the 
United  States.  (2)  That  the  use  of  both  gold  and  silver  as  unlimited 
legal  tender  may  be  safely  adopted  by  equalizing  them  at  a  ratio  fixed 
by  international  agreement. 

These  propositions  were  discussed  in  their  every  phase  by  the  dele- 
gates of  the  various  states  during  the  seven  sessions  of  the  conference. 
The  collective  answers  to  them  of  all  the  European  delegates,  save 
those  of  Italy,  were  presented  by  the  president,  Mr.  Leon  Say,  and 
were : 

(1)  That  it  was  necessary  to  preserve  in  the  world  the  monetary  func- 
tion of  silver  as  well  as  of  gold,  but  that  the  choice  of  one  or  the  other, 
or  of  both  simultaneously,  should  be  governed  by  the  special  situation 
of  each  state  or  groux)  of  states.  (2)  That  the  question  of  the  restric- 
tion of  the  coinage  of  silver  also  should  be  left  to  the  discretion  of  each 
state  or  group  of  states.  (3)  That  the  differences  of  opinion  that  had 
appeared  excluded  the  adoption  of  a  common  ratio  between  the  two 
metals. 

The  conference  adjourned  on  the  29th  of  August. 

The  third  international  monetary  conference,  that  of  1881,  was  called 
in  January  of  that  year  by  the  governments  of  France  and  the  United 
States  "to  examine  and  adopt  for  the  purpose  of  submitting  the  same 
to  the  governments  represented,  a  plan  and  a  system  for  the  retistablish- 
]nent  of  the  use  of  gold  and  silver  as  bimetallic  money  according  to  a 
settled  relative  value  between  those  metals."  Mneteen  countries  were 
represented.  Tlie  representatives  of  the  United  States  were  Hon. 
William  M.  Evarts,  of  New  York;  Allen  G.  Thurman,  of  Ohio;  Timothy 
O.  Howe,  of  Wisconsin,  and  S.  Dana  Horton. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     191 

Like  the  debates  of  tlie  previous  conferences,  tliose  of  tlie  present  one 
were  marked  by  tlie  bigliest  ability  and  by  a  thoroiigli  mastery  on  tlie 
part  of  the  several  delegates  of  monetary  science.  They  covered  twelve 
sessions.  At  the  thirteenth,  Mr.  Evarts,  on  behalf  of  the  delegates  of 
France  and  the  United  States,  and  in  the  name  of  their  respective 
governments,  read  a  declaration  in  which  they  stated : 

(1)  That  the  depression  and  great  fluctuations  of  the  value  of  silver 
relatively  to  gold  are  injurious  to  commerce  and  to  the  general  prosper- 
ity, and  the  establishment  of  a  fixed  ratio  of  value  between  them  would 
produce  the  most  important  benefits  to  the  commerce  of  the  world. 

(2)  That  a  bimetallic  convention  entered  into  between  an  important 
group  of  states  for  the  free  coinage  of  both  silver  and  gold  at  a  fixed 
ratio  and  with  full  legal-tender  faculty  would  cause  and  maintain  a 
stability  in  the  relative  value  of  the  two  metals  suitable  to  the  interests 
and  requirements  of  commerce. 

(3)  That  any  ratio  now  or  lately  in  use  by  any  commercial  nation, 
if  so  adopted,  could  be  maintained,  but  that  the  adoption  of  the  ratio 
15|  to  1  would  accomplish  the  object  with  less  disturbance  to  existing 
monetary  systems  than  any  other  ratio. 

(4)  That  a  convention  which  should  include  England,  France,  Ger- 
many, and  the  United  States,  with  the  concurrence  of  other  states, 
which  this  combination  would  assure,  would  be  adequate  to  produce 
and  maintain  throughout  the  commercial  world  the  relation  between 
the  two  metals  that  such  convention  should  adopt. 

After  this  declaration  had  been  read,  certain  members,  through  the 
president,  expressed  a  desire  for  adjournment,  but  this  met  with  oppo- 
sition from  Mr.  Forsell,  delegate  from  Sweden,  who  thought  that  an 
adjournment  would  give  a  character  of  permanence  to  the  conference, 
whereas  it  was  better  to  acknowledge  at  once  that  bimetallism  had  col- 
lapsed and  that  the  resolutions  of  the  European  delegates  at  the  confer- 
ence of  1878  should  be  reaflSrmed.  After  a  short  recess  the  president 
read  a  resolution  reciting  that,  in  view  of  the  speeches  and  observations 
of  the  delegates  and  the  declarations  of  the  several  governments,  there 
was  ground  for  believing  that  an  understanding  might  be  established 
between  the  states  which  had  taken  part  in  the  conference,  but  that  it 
was  expediont  to  suspend  its  meetings;  that  the  monetary  situation 
might  in  some  states  call  for  governmental  action,  and  that  there  was 
reason  for  giving  opportunity  for  diplomatic  negotiations.  The  con- 
ference was  adjourned  to  April  12,  1882.     It  was  never  reconvened. 

The  fourth  international  monetary  conference  was  called  by  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States  "for  the  purpose  of  conferring  as  to  what 
measure,  if  any,  can  be  taken  to  increase  the  use  of  silver  as  money  in 
the  currency  systems  of  nations."  The  conference  met  at  Brussels  on 
the  22d  of  November,  1892.  Twenty  countries  were  represented.  The 
delegates  of  the  United  States  were  Hon.  William  B.  Allison,  Hon. 
John  P.  Jones,  Hon.  James  B.  McCreary,  Mr.  Henry  W.  Cannon,  Mr. 
E.  Benjamin  Andrews,  and  Hon.  Edwin  H.  Terrell.  The  report  of  the 
American  delegates  will  be  found  in  the  Api^endix. 

*  #  *  *  *  *  « 

R.  E.  Preston, 

Director  of  the  Mint. 
Hon.  John  G.  Carlisle, 

Becretary  of  the  Treasury. 


192  PArEES   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


EEPOET  OF  THE  COMPTKOLLEE  OF  THE  CUEEENCY. 

Treasury  Department, 
Office  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency, 

Washington^  Decemher  4,  1893. 

Sir  :  lu  compliauce  witli  law  I  have  tlie  lionor  to  licrewitli  submit 
for  tli8  consideration  of  Congress  tlie  annual  report  of  the  Comptroller 
of  the  Currency.  It  covers  the  year  which  ended  October  31, 1893,  aud 
is  the  thirty-first  report  made  since  the  organization  of  the  Bureau. 

The  records  of  the  Bureau  show  that  at  the  close  of  the  year  the  total 
number  of  national  banks  in  active  operation  was  3,796,  with  an 
authorized  capital  stock  of  $083,598,120,  represented  by  7,450,000 
shares,  held  by  300,000  shareholders. 

On  October  3,  the  date  of  their  last  report  of  condition,  the  total 
resources  of  the  3,781  banks  then  in  operation  was  $3,109,563,284:,3G, 
of  which  their  loans  and  discounts  aggregated  $1,843,034,167.51,  and 
money  of  all  kinds  in  bank  $309,802,03^0:97.  Of  their  liabilities  $1,451,- 
124,330.50  represented  individual  deposits,  $339,153,447.54  surplus  aud 
net  undivided  profits,  and  $182,959,725.90  circulating  notes  outstanding. 
The  total  amount  of  circulation  of  national  banks,  October  31,  as  shoM^n 
by  the  books  of  the  oflSce,  was  $209,311,993,  a  net  increase  during  the 
year  of  $30,880,972  and  a  gross  increase  of  $40,775,105  on  circulation 
secured  by  a  deposit  of  bonds. 

During  the  year  119  banks  were  organized  in  thirty-two  States  and 
Territories,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $11,230,000.  Of  these  44,  with  a 
capital  stock  of  $5,135,000,  are  located  in  the  Eastern  States,  41  west 
of  the  Mississippi  Eiver,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $2,340,000,  and  34  in 
the  Central  and  Southern  States,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $3,755,000. 

The  number  of  banks  whose  charters  were  extended  was  40,  dis- 
tributed throughout  twenty-five  States,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $5,040,000, 
and  circulation  to  the  amount  of  $1,585,925.  The  charters  of  4  expired, 
but  in  each  instance  the  banks  were  succeeded  by  new  associations. 

Within  the  same  period  158  banks  suspended,  with  a  capital  stock 
of  $30,350,000.  Of  this  number,  however,  80,  with  a  capital  stock  of 
$18,205,000,  resumed  business.  The  number  which  passed  into  the 
hands  of  receivers  was  05,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $10,935,000.  On 
October  31  seven  remained  in  the  charge  of  examiners,  with  pros- 
pects of  speedy  resumption.  Forty- six  banks,  with  a  capital  stock  of 
$5,735,000,  went  into  voluntary  liquidation. 

By  comparing  the  foregoing  synopsis  of  the  history  of  the  banks  for 
the  year  ended  October  31,  1893,  with  that  of  the  year  ended  October 
31,  1892,  as  the  same  is  set  forth  in  the  Comptroller's  Eeport  for  that 
year,  the  following  changes  are  noted:  The  number  of  banks  organ- 
ized decreased  44,  receiverships  increased  48,  voluntary  liquidations 
decreased  7,  corporate  extensions  decreased  47,  and  exj)irations  of  cor- 
porate existence  decreased  7.  The  total  gain  in  the  number  of  active 
banks  was  8. 

The  varying  condition  of  tlie  banks  throughout  the  year  aj)pears 
from  the  following  abstract  of  the  reports  of  condition,  made  in  resxDonse 
to  the  five  calls  required  by  law. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


193 


Summary  of  the  State  axd  Condition  of  every  National  Bank  Reporting 
During  the  Year  ended  October  3,  1893. 


Dec.  9, 1S92.        Mar.  6, 1893 


3,784  banks.        3,80G  banks 


May  4,  1S93 


3,830  banks. 


July  12,  1893. 


3,807  bank.s. 


Oct.  3, 1893. 


3,781  banks. 


RESOrP.CES. 

Loans  and  discounts . 

U.  S.  boiuls  to  secure 
circulation 

U.  S.  bonds  to  secure 
deposits  

TJ.  S.  bonds  on  hand  . 

Stocks,  8ecurities,etc 

Due  from  reserve 
agents 

Due  from  national 
banks 

Duefrom  State  banks 
and  bankers 

Banking  liouse,  fur- 
niture, and  fixtures 

Other  real  estate  and 
mortgages  o\^Tied  . 

Current  expense.'?  and 
taxes  paid 

Premiums  on  U.  S. 
bonds 

Checks  and  other  cash 
items 

Exchanges  for  clear- 
ing house 

Bills  of  other  national 
banks 

Fractional  currency, 
nickels,  and  cents  . 

Specie 

Legal-tender  notes  . . 

U.  S.  certifs.  of  de- 
posit   

Five  per  ccntredemp- 
tion  fund 

Due  from  Ti'casurcr 
other  th.an  5  per 
cent  fund 


$2,1C6,C15, 

16G,  449, 

15,  321, 

4, 148, 

153,  648, 

204, 948, 

142,  G23, 

34, 403, 

72,  204, 

15, 92C, 

14, 204, 

13,913, 

16, 755, 

110,  522, 

20, 488, 

893, 
209,895, 
102,  270, 

6, 470, 

7,  282, 


720.  23  $1: 

250.  00 

000.  00 
GOO.  CO 
180.71 

159.  79 

106.  3G 

231.  75 

364. 78 

GS7.  47 

970.  25 

289.  71 

332.  09 

G68. 49 

781.  00 

903 
260.  76 
335.  00 

000. 00 

413.  90 


1,  268,  405. 03 


,159,614 

170,  096, 

15,35], 

4, 372, 

153,  420, 

202,  612, 

124,  384, 

30, 126, 

72,  680, 

17,  030, 
10,  992, 

13,  270, 

18,  755, 
125, 142, 

18,  248, 

945 

208,341 

90,  935 

14,  675 

7,401, 


,092.48 

550. 00 

000.  00 
600.  00 
770.  08 

051.30 

884.  35 

300. 21 

344.23 

004.31 

932.  GO 

691. 10 

010.  52 

839.  74 

706.  00 

532.  50 
816.  42 
774.  00 

OOO.  00 

830.  74 


1,  322,  444.  60 


Total. 


3, 480,  349,  667. 19,3, 459, 721,  235.  78 


LIABILITIES. 

Capital  stock  paid  in 

Surplus  fund 

TJndivided  profits  . . 

National-bank  notes 
outstanding 

State-bank  notes  out- 
standing   

Dividends  unpaid  . . . 

Individual  deposits  . 

U.S.  deposits 

Deposits  of  U.  S.  dis- 
bursing officers 

Due  to  other  national 
banlis 

Due  to  State  banks 
and  bankers 

Notes  and  bills  re- 
discounted  

BlUs  payable 

Liabilities,  other 


689, 
239, 
114, 


017. 
932. 
884. 


Total. 


145,  669,  499.  00 


1, 

1,  704, 

9, 

4, 

323, 

160, 

15, 
9, 
1, 


176. 
137. 
177. 
349. 

240. 

449. 

117. 

618. 
249. 
817. 


688. 
245, 
103, 


149,124,818.00 


1. 

,751, 
9, 

3, 

304, 

166, 

14, 
18, 


75, 
350, 
439, 
813, 

927, 

785, 

901, 

021. 
180, 
913, 


075. 
392. 
374. 
762. 

7G0. 

336. 

054. 

596. 

228. 
047. 


"2,161,401, 

172,  412, 

15,261, 

3,  519, 

150, 747, 

174,312, 

121,  673, 

32,  081, 

73, 386, 

16,  646, 

11,746, 

12,  935, 

17.546, 

114,977, 

20,  085, 

952, 
207  222 
103^  oU, 

12,130, 

7, 467, 


858. 59 

550. 00 

000.  00 
550.  00 
862. 86 

119. 44 

794.  24 

70S.  90 

921.  79 

853.  69 

470. 23 

077.  74 

973. 93 

271.08 

688.  00 

810.  90 
141.81 
163.  00 

000.  00 

989.  77 


2,020,483,671.  04  $1,843,634, 
176,  588,  050, 


15, 256, 000, 

3,  078,  050. 
149, 690,  701. 

159, 352,  077 

111,956,506. 

27,  211, 234. 

72, 750,  830. 

16,  632, 44C. 

4,  892,  772. 
11,933,004. 
16,  707,  680. 

107,  765,  890. 

20, 135,  054. 

952.  332. 

186,  761, 173. 

95,  833,  677. 

6,  600,  000. 

7,  600,  001. 


1,556,891.28         1,019,074.42         1,202,749.85 


167.51 
206,  463,  850.  00 


14,  816, 

2, 760, 

148,  569, 

158,  499, 
94,  740, 
24, 229. 
72,  322, 
16,828, 
11,071, 
13,981, 
15, 359, 

106, 181, 

22,  402, 

1,  026, 
224,  703, 
114,  709, 

7,  020, 

8,  977, 


000.  CO 
950.  00 
950.  4G 

644.  28 

014.  97 

106.82 

826.  6S 

949. 49 

996.  65 

867.44 

764. 56 

394. 59 

611.  oe 

813.  90 
800.  07 
352.  00 

000. 00 

414.18 


3,  432, 176,  697.  25  3,  213,  261,  731.  94  3, 109, 563,  284. 36 


688, 
246, 
106, 


701,200.001     685,7: 
139, 133. 
920,  733. 


151,094,110.00 


,749, 
9, 

4, 

275, 

153, 


75, 075. 
579,  556. 
930,  817. 
657,  243. 

293,  739. 

127,  229. 

500,  923. 

953, 306. 
506,  247. 
051,  379. 


249, 
93, 


718.  56 
300.  30 
649.73 


155,070,821.50 


50 

38  3, 
511,556, 

49  10, 

93  3, 

28  238, 

94  125, 


7o, 
879, 
761, 
379, 

321, 

913, 

979, 

940, 
381, 
683, 


072. 50 
673. 50 
230.17  1, 
842.  CG 


678,  540, 
246,  750, 
103,474, 


338.  93 
781.  32 
662. 87 


182,  959,  725. 90 


271.84 
573.  51 
422. 10 

438. 56 

451.27 
265. 68 


75, 

2, 874, 

451,124, 

10,  546, 

3,  776, 

226,423, 

122,  891, 

21, 066, 
27, 426, 
31,  632, 


069.  50 
697. 59 
330. 55 
135.  51 

438.  21 

979.  00 

008. 21 

737. 01 
937. 54 
352. 16 


3, 480,  349,  G67. 193, 459,  721,  235. 78j3, 432, 176,  697. 25*3, 213, 261, 


731. 94  3, 109,  563, 284. 36 
I 


A  comparisoD  of  the  figures  of  1893  with  those  of  1892  in  the  foregoing 
table  will  indicate  to  what  extent  and  in  what  respect  the  national- 
banking  interests  of  the  country  suffered  from  the  severe  and  unu- 
sual monetary  stringency  which  characterized  the  greater  portion  of 
the  past  year.  Comparing  their  aggregate  resources  or  liabilities  oa 
Ab.  93 13 


194  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

October  3,  1893,  witli  those  of  September  30, 1892,  it  is  found  tliey  were 
$400,531,013  less,  beiug  but  $3,109,503,281  on  the  former  date  as  against 
$3,510,091,897  on  the  latter,  the  highest  point  ever  reached  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  national-bank  system.  This  unparalleled  shrinkage  in  lia- 
bilities is  accounted  for  by  a  decrease  between  the  dates  mentioned  in 
the  following  items,  ^iz:  Capital  stock  $8,032,677,  individual  deposits 
8314,298,053,  and  bank  and  bankers'  deposits  $181,338,125.  An  increase 
is  shown  in  circulation  outstanding  to  the  amount  of  $39,530,428,  in 
liabilities  of  all  kinds  for  money  borrowed  $54,404,028,  and  in  surplus 
and  undivided  profits  $9,701,265. 

Kot  less  marked  is  the  decrease  in  the  items  making  uj)  the  resources 
of  the  banks.  It  shows  as  follows:  Loans  and  discounts,  $327,406,920; 
stocks,  securities,  etc.,  $5,965,504,  and  due  from  banks  and  bankers, 
$132,054,054.  Cash  of  all  kinds  on  hand  increased  $21,991,191,  includ- 
ing $8,410,815  in  gold,  and  United  States  bonds  held  for  all  purposes 
increased  $40,001,250.  These  figures  illustrate  the  fiir-reaching  effect  of 
the  year's  financial  depression  and  show  that  when  panic-stricken  deposi- 
tors withdrew  their  money  the  banks  of  necessity,  to  meet  the  siulden 
and  extraordinary  demands  made  upon  them,  called  in  their  loans  and 
discounts,  supplementing  such  amounts  by  borrowed  money  and  the  ad- 
ditional circulation  which  they  were  able  to  procure  from  the  Govern- 
ment through  a  deposit  of  bonds. 

A  closer  examination  of  the  figures  contained  in  the  reports  of  condi- 
tionmadeto  the  Comptroller  shows  this  shrinkageto  have  occurred  chiefly 
between  May  4  and  October  3, 1893.  Within  this  period  of  five  months 
$298,800,487  of  individual  deposits  and  $79,313,076  of  bank  deposits, 
a  total  sum  of  $378,119,563  was  withdrawn  from  the  banks.  To  meet 
this  withdrawal  loans  and  discounts  were  reduced  to  the  amount  of 
$318,767,691;  amounts  due  from  banks  and  bankers,  $51,198,850, 
and  stocks,  securities,  etc.,  $2,177,912,  and  to  provide  against  further 
danger  of  withdrawals  of  deposits,  which  strongly  menaced  them,  the 
banks  between  the  same  dates  increased  their  liabilities  for  money 
borrowed  in  various  ways  836,615,092,  and  through  the  taking  out  of 
additional  circulation  $31,265,616,  of  which  amount  $27,888,905  was 
taken  out  between  July  12  and  October  3, 1893. 

The  cash  resources  of  the  banks,  which  on  May  4, 1893,  amounted  to 
$343,901,803,  were  $32,559,267  less  on  July  12,  but  between  that  date 
and  October  3  increased  $59,520,1CO,  amounting  at  the  last-named  date 
to  $369,862,637,  the  largest  sum  ever  held  by  them.  This  was  accumu- 
lated in  the  face  of  continued  heavy  withdrawals  of  deposits  and  is 
the  most  practical  demonstration  that  could  be  had  of  the  solvency  of 
the  banks  as  a  whole  and  their  ability  in  an  emergency  to  rapidly  con- 
vert their  assets  into  cash. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  here  enter  upon  a  further  or  more  si^ecific  analy- 
sis of  tliese  tables.  They  comply  in  detail  with  the  requirements  of  the 
law,  and  show  "  a  summary  of  the  state  and  condition  of  every  asso- 
ciation from  which  rex)orts  have  been  received  the  preceding  year,  at 
the  several  dates  to  which  said  reports  refer,  with  an  abstract  of  the 
whole  amount  of  banking  capital  returned  bj^  them,  of  the  whole  amount 
of  their  debts  and  liabilities,  the  amount  of  circulating  notes  outstand- 
ing, and  the  total  amount  of  means  and  resources,  specifying  the  amount 
of  lawful  money  held  by  them  at  the  times  of  their  several  returns." 

The  careful  and  unbiased  student  of  the  facts  shown  in  this  summary 
must  inevitably  reach  the  conclusion  that  the  cause  which  more  than 
all  others  contributed  to  bringing  about  the  stagnation  of  the  past 
months  in  commercial  business,  the  suspension  of  manufacturing  and  the 


EEPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     195 

closing  of  mills,  -sras  this  unprecedented  demand  on  tlie  part  of  depositors 
for  money  which  the  banks  had  distributed  through  the  channels  of  trade 
and  which,  to  meet  this  demand,  they  were  obliged  to  withdraw. 

The  situation  made  so  dangerous  for  the  banks  by  the  action  of  de- 
l^ositors  caused  a  sudden  contraction  of  the  volume  of  money  needed 
and  already  employed  for  business  wants,  prevented  the  making  of  new 
loans  and  rendered  it  hazardous  on  the  part  of  the  banks  to  grant 
renewals  of  credit,  already  extended.  It  is  to  be  said,  however,  that 
despite  the  dangers  threatening  them,  the  banks  contributed  in  the 
largest  measure  by  a  wise,  judicious  and,  under  all  the  circumstances, 
generous  course,  to  the  prevention  of  a  general  commercial  x>anic. 
In  evidence  of  this  is  the  fact  that  at  no  time  throughout  the  prolonged 
monetary  stringency  was  there  complaint  made  to  the  Comx)troller  by 
any  depositor,  creditor,  or  patron  of  a  national  bank  on  account  of  the 
treatment  accorded  him,  either  as  to  cash  jiayments  of  indebtedness, 
or  for  any  other  reason. 

The  marked  difference  in  the  number  of  banks  organized  during 
the  year  ended  October  31, 1893,  as  compared  with  the  i)receding  year, 
arises  largely  from  the  changed  monetary  conditions,  but  is  also  due  in 
a  measure  to  the  very  rigid  rules  now  enforced  in  the  granting  of  char- 
ters. It  has  become  the  policy  of  this  Bureau  to  more  carefnlly  scruti- 
nize all  ai)i)lications  for  authority  to  organize  new  banks,  as  the  Comp- 
troller appreciates  the  necessity  of  discrimination  to  protect  the  sys- 
tem from  the  entrance  of  associations  whose  weakness  would  be  an 
injury.  To  this  end  the  Comptroller  before  approving  an  application 
for  authority  to  organize,  satisfies  himself  in  detail  as  to  the  business 
experience  and  financial  resi)onsibility  of  each  of  the  applicants,  by 
information  obtained  through  inquiries  from  sources  believed  to  be 
reliable. 

BANKS  OTHER  THAN  NATIONAL. 

That  the  general  statement  of  the  resources,  liabilities,  and  condi- 
tion of  banks  and  banking  companies  other  than  national,  namely, 
State,  savings,  private  banks,  and  loan  and  trust  companies,  may  be 
presented  to  Congress,  as  is  required  by  law,  the  Comptroller,  through 
the  courtesy  of  State  officers  having  supervision  of  these  institutions, 
has  obtained  official  returns  from  each  State  and  Territory,  excepting 
Delaware,  Maryland,  South  Carolina,  Arkansas,  Tennessee,  Kansas, 
Nevada,  Oregon,  Idaho,  Montana,  Arizona,  and  Oklahoma.  A  sum- 
mary of  this  information  is  here  given  to  complete  a  resume  of  the 
various  banking  interests  of  the  country  throughout  the  past  year.  It 
will  be  found  in  detail  in  the  tables  which  appear  in  the  appendix. 

At  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  there  were  in 
operation  in  the  United  States  5,021  incorporated  banks,  banking  insti- 
tutions, and  savings  banks,  and  from  4,837,  or  96  per  cent,  reports  of 
conditions  were  received,  an  increase  of  419  over  the  number  reporting 
last  year.  The  number  of  private  banks  from  which  reports  were 
received  is  313  less  than  last  year,  but  the  net  increase  is  lOG. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  returns  from  banks  other  than  national 
show  their  condition  in  most  of  the  States  prior  to  the  financial  strin- 
gency of  1893,  the  effect  of  that  depression  does  not  appear  in  these 
statistics  with  respect  to  banks  organized  under  State  authority. 

The  total  resources  of  the  4,837  incorporated  and  848  private  banks, 
as  shown  by  the  returns  from  both  official  and  unofficial  sources,  amount 
to  13,979,008,533,  of  which  loans  and  overdrafts  are  $2,348,193,07  7 ;  United 


196 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


States  bonds,  $149,982,221;  State,  county,  etc., bonds,  $407,709,901;  rail- 
•road  bonds  and  stocks,  $133,729,231;  bank  stocks,  $45,752,014;  all  other 
bonds,  stocks,  and  securities,  $272,430,923;  due  from  banks  and  cash  on 
band,  $250,700,719  and  $205,645,203,  respectively. 

Of  the  liabilities  the  capital  reported  is  $400,007,240;  surplus  and 
undivided  profits,  $346,200,287;  individual  deposits,  $1,285,311,723; 
savings  deposits,  $1,785,150,957.  The  capital  employed  by  the  3,579 
State  banks  is  $250,767,709,  and  their  deposits  $700,865,643.  The  re- 
ported capital  of  the  228  loan  and  trust  companies  is  $94,867,268,  and 
deposits  $486,244,079. 

The  cai  ital  of  the  private  banks  is  $26,943,075  and  deposits 
$68,552,690.  Nearly  51  per  cent  of  the  resources  of  the  5,685  banks  is 
reported  by  the  1,030  savings  banks,  of  Avhich  614  are  mutual  and  381 
stock  savings  institutions;  the  resources  of  the  former,  however,  are 
over  84  per  cent  of  those  of  both  classes.  With  the  exception  of  two 
banlcs  in  the  Southern  and  10  in  the  Western  States,  mutual  savings 
banks  are  confined  to  the  Eastern  and  Middle  States.  Excepting  17  in 
tlie  Eastern  and  7  in  the  Middle  States,  stock  savings  banks  are  located 
in  the  Southern,  Western,  and  Pacific  States  and  Territories. 

It  also  appears  that  while  the  entire  deposits  in  mutual  savings 
institutions  are  "savings,"  the  reports  show  that  over  10  per  cent  of 
the  deposits  in  the  other  class  are  not  of  that  nature,  and  the  pre- 
sumption is  that  the  percentage  is  much  greater,  as  it  is  known  that 
stock  savings  banks  in  certain  States  make  no  classification  of  deposits, 
and  yet  transact  a  commercial  as  well  as  a  savings  bank  business. 
******* 

A  condensation  of  the  foregoing  for  the  sake  of  comparison  with 
national  banks  shows  the  principal  items  of  resources  and  liabilities, 
and  the  total  resources  of  banks  other  than  national,  as  indicated  by 
the  latest  returns  to  the  Comx)troller,  to  be  as  follows: 


Items. 


Loans 

United  States  bonds 

Otbcr  bonds 

Capital 

Surplus  and  undivided  profits 

Deposits 

Total  resources 


State  banks. 


$763,  051,  774 

412,  654 

76, 143,  722 

250, 767,  709 

103, 137,  836 

706,  865,  643 

1, 130,  725,  537 


Loan  and  trust 
companies. 


$462,  823, 514 
18, 486,  636 
110, 338,  265 
94,  867,  268 
70,771,477 
486,  244,  079 
726,  604,  506 


Savings  banks. 


$1,  047,  270,  478 

129,  610,  783 

CG9,  761,  693 

33,  429, 188 

163,473,173 

1,  808,  800, 262 

2,013,775,147 


Private  banks. 


$75,  047,  311 
1,  472, 148 
3.  378, 449 
26,  943, 075 
8,  823,  801 
68, 552,  696 
107,  843,  343 


That  comparison  is  herewith  made : 


National  banks. 


All  other  banks. 


Loans,  etc 

United  States  bonds 

All  other  bonds 

Capital  stock 

Surplus  and  profits  . 

Deposits 

Total  resources 


$1,843,634,168 
224,  040,  800 
148,  569, 950 
C78,  540,  339 
350,  225,  444 
1,  465,  44G.  904 
3, 109,  563,  284 


$2, 348, 193, 077 
149. 982, 221 
859,  622, 129 
406,  007,  240 
346, 206,  287 
3,  070,  462,  680 
3,  979, 008,  533 


SUSPENSIONS   OF   NATIONAL  BANKS. 

In  the  introductory  pages  of  this  report  is  indicated  the  number  of 
associations  "  whose  business  has  been  closed  during  the  year."  In 
the  ai^pendix  will  be  found  tables  giving  in  detail  names,  location,  circu- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     197 

lation  redeemed  and  outstanding,  voluntary  liquidations,  failures,  and 
temporary  suspensions  of  banks  as  is  required  by  the  statute  to  be  fur- 
nislied  to  Congress,  together  with  such  other  facts  as  are  necessary. 

It  does  not  seem  essential,  nor  \\-ould  it  be  possible  to  enter  into  a 
minute  statement  of  all  the  circumstances  attendant  ui)on  the  closing 
of  the  banks  during  the  past  year.  It  is  sufiScient  to  say  that  the  cause 
which  brought  about  the  large  proportion  of  such  suspensions  was  the 
action  of  depositors  who,  becoming  doubtful  of  the  solvency  of  the 
banking  institutions  of  the  country,  withdrew  their  dei^osits.  The  re- 
sult was  that  many  banks  after  paying  out  on  the  one  hand  all  the 
money  in  their  vaults  and  failing  to  collect  their  loans  on  the  other,  sus- 
pended and  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Comptroller.  With  a  full 
knowledge  of  the  general  solvency  of  these  institutions  and  the  cause 
which  brought  about  their  suspension,  the  policy  was  inaugurated  of 
giving  all  banks,  which,  under  ordinary  circumstances  would  not  have 
closed,  and  whose  management  had  been  honest,  an  opportunity  to  re- 
sume business.  This  policy  was  one  which  seemed  to  commend  itself  to 
the  Comptroller  as  proper  to  pursue  under  the  circumstances,  and  it 
is  believed  the  results  have  justified  the  experiment  of  its  adoption. 

In  no  instance  has  any  bank  been  permitted  to  resume  on  money  bor- 
rowed or  for  which  as  an  association  it  has  become  liable.  Whenever 
those  active  in  the  management  of  the  banks  resuming,  either  as  exec- 
utive officers  or  directors,  have  been  debtors  to  such  banks,  their  in- 
debtedness has  been  paid  or  secured,  and  whenever  impairment  of  cap- 
ital stock  has  been  found,  such  impairment  has  been  made  good,  either 
by  voluntary  or  enforced  assessment  on  the  shareholders.  In  a  num- 
ber of  instances  changes  have  been  made  in  the  directory  and  offi- 
cial corps  of  resuming  banks.  The  criticism  to  be  made  upon  the  man- 
agement of  these  banks  was  the  imi)roi)er  distribution  of  their  loans,  a 
circumstance  which  greatly  retarded  the  conversion  of  such  loans  into 
money  at  a  time  when  it  was  needed  to  avoid  suspension. 

Of  the  banks  which  failed  to  resume  many  had  long  been  under  the 
continual  criticism  of  this  Bureau  for  violatioriS  of  law  and  imprudent 
methods  of  banking,  and  the  closing  of  them  was  only  hastened  by  the 
general  condition  of  financial  affairs.  Some  failed  because  of  criminal 
acts  on  the  part  of  the  officials  in  charge,  and  others  because  of  a  lack 
of  proper  appreciation  of  the  purposes  of  a  bank. 

An  analysis  of  the  suspensions  and  failures  which  occurred  shows  that 
during  the  year  158  national  banking  associations,  as  heretofore  stated, 
were  comx)elled  to  suspend  business,  being  4.09  per  cent  of  the  number 
of  existing  associations.  Their  capital  stock  aggregated  $30,350,000, 
or  approximately  4.3  per  cent  of  the  paid-in  capital  stock  of  all  the 
banks  in  the  system. 

Of  the  banks  which  suspended  65,  or  41.14  per  cent,  with  a  total  capital 
stock  of  $10,935,000,  were  insolvent,  and  required  the  appointment  of 
receivers;  80,  or  54.43  per  cent,  with  a  capital  stock  aggregating 
$18,205,000,  were  able  to  resume  business  and  7,  or  4.43  per  cent,  with  a 
capital  stock  of  $1,210,000,  were  placed  in  charge  of  examiners  in  the 
expectation  of  resumption.  Of  the  suspended  banks  two  were  located 
in  the  Xew  England  States,  both  in  ]^ev\^  Hampshire,  with  a  total  cap- 
ital stock  of  $250,000,  for  each  of  which  a  receiver  was  appointed. 

In  the  Middle  States  there  were  three  suspensions — two  in  New  York, 
with  a  total  capital  stock  of  $500,000,  and  one  in  Pennsylvania,  with  a 
capital  stock  of  $50,000.  Those  in  New  York  were  placed  in  the  hands 
of  receivers,  and  the  one  in  Pennsylvania  in  charge  of  an  examiner 
pending  proposed  resumption. 


198  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

There  were  38  suspensions  in  tlie  Soutliern  States,  tlie  capital  stock 
involved  ag^gregating  S8,S15,000.  Of  tlieso  19,  witli  a  total  capital  stock 
of  $5,630,000,  resumed  business,  and  tlie  same  number,  Tritb  a  total  cap- 
ital stock  ot  $3,185,000,  failed.  In  this  geographical  division,  Texas 
furnished  the  greatest  number  of  suspensions,  namely  12,  with  a  total 
capital  stock  of  $1,480,000,  of  which  G,  with  a  total  capital  stock  of 
$430,000,  resumed  business,  and  the  remainder,  capitalized  to  the  amount 
of  $1,050,000,  failed.  There  were  G  suspensions  in  Kentucky  and  the 
same  number  in  Tennessee.  The  total  capital  stock  of  those  in  Ken- 
tucky was  $2,300,000  and  of  those  in  Tennessee  $2,750,000.  In  Ken- 
tucky all  the  banks  that  suspended,  except  one,  with  a  capital  stock  of 
$50,000,  were  permitted  to  resume  business.  Two  of  the  banks  in  Ten- 
nessee, with  a  total  capital  stock  of  $2,000,000,  resumed  business  and  4 
were  placed  in  the  hands  of  receivers.  Four  banks  in  Georgia  suspen- 
ded and  the  same  number  in  Alabama,  with  a  total  capital  stock  of 
$675,000  and  $550,000  respectively.  Of  tkese,  1  bank  in  Georgia,  with 
a  capital  stock  of  $250,000,  and  3  in  xVlabama,  with  a  total  capital  stock 
of  $400,000,  resumed  business.  Two  banks  in  North  Carolina  suspended, 
with  a  total  capital  stock  of  $300,000,  both  of  which  were  able  to  resume 
business,  but  the  two  which  suspended  in  Florida,  with  a  total  capital 
stock  of  $200,000,  required  the  appointment  of  receivers,  as  did  also 
the  one  in  Mississippi,  which  had  a  capital  stock  of  $60,000,  and  the  one 
in  Arkansas,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $500,000. 

The  Western  States  furnished  49  suspensions,  with  an  aggregate 
capital  stock  of  $10,125,000.  Of  these  31  resumed  business,  17  failed, 
and  1  was  placed  in  the  charge  of  an  examiner  pending  resumption  or 
the  appointment  of  a  receiver.  The  cajiital  stock  of  the  banks  which 
resumed  aggregated  $6,275,000,  and  of  those  which  failed  $3,750,000. 
The  greatest  number  of  suspensions  whicli  occurred  in  this  section  was 
in  Kansas,  namely,  8,  although  the  capital  stock  involved,  $880,000,  was 
less  than  that  of  the  banks  in  four  other  States.  Four  of  the  banks  in 
Kansas,  with  a  total  capital  stock  of  $480,000,  resumed,  and  three,  with 
a  capital  stock  of  $300,000,  failed.  Of  the  7  banks  in  Indiana  which 
suspended,  4,  with  a  total  capital  stock  of  $450,000,  resumed,  and  3, 
with  a  total  capital  stock  of  $550,000,  were  placed  in  the  hands  of  re- 
ceivers. In  Iowa  6  banks  suspended,  with  a  total  capital  stock  of 
$575,000,  of  which  number  but  one  ifailed,  with  a  capital  stock  of 
$50,000.  The  same  number  of  banks  in  Nebraska  suspended,  three  ot 
which,  with  a  total  capital  stock  of  $350,000,  resumed  business,  and 
receivers  were  appointed  for  the  remaining  three,  the  total  capital  stock 
of  which  was  $450,000.  Five  banks  suspended  in  Wisconsin,  with  a 
total  capital  stock  of  $625,000,  all  of  which  resumed  business,  while  in 
Illinois  there  were  4  suspensions,  with  a  capital  stock  aggregating 
$2,150,000.  All  of  these  were  placed  in  the  hands  of  receivers.  In 
Missouri  3  banks  suspended,  with  a  total  capital  stock  of  $1,300,000, 
all  of  which  resumed.  In  Michigan  there  were  the  same  number  of 
suspensions  as  in  Missouri,  but  the  capital  stock  involved  aggregated 
only  $215,000.  But  one  of  these  banks  resumed,  the  capital  stock  of 
which  was  $65,000.  The  fewest  suspensions  which  occurred  in  any 
State  in  this  division  was  in  Ohio,  there  being  but  2,  the  aggregate 
capital  stock  of  which  was  $180,000.  One  of  these  banks,  with  a 
capital  stock  of  $80,000,  resumed  business  and  the  other  failed. 

Sixty-six  banks  suspended  in  the  Pacific  States  and  Territories, 
being  nearly  42  per  cent  of  the  total  suspensions  which  occurred  and 
represent  capital  stock  amounting  to  35  per  cent  of  the  total  capital 
involved.    Of  these,  36  banks,  with  a  caiiital  of  $6,300,000,  were  solvent 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     199 

and  resumed  Dusiiiess;  25,  -R-itli  a  capital  stock  of  $3,250,000,  were 
placed  in  the  liands  of  receivers,  and  5,  witli  a  total  capital  of  81,000,- 
000,  in  charge  of  examiners  j^euding  resumption.  The  greatest  number 
of  suspensions  was  in  Colorado,  invohdug  the  largest  amount  of  capital 
stock  of  suspended  banks  of  any  State  in  the  Union,  the  number  being 
16  and  the  capital  $3,600,000.  All  of  these  banks  resumed,  excei^t  two, 
the  capital  stock  of  which  was  $300,000.  The  second  greatest  number 
of  suspensions  occurred  in  the  State  of  Washington,  14  banks,  with  an 
aggregate  capital  stock  of  $1,735,000.  Of  this  number  4,  with  a  capi- 
tal stock  of  $425,000,  resumed;  3,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $510,000, 
were  placed  in  charge  of  examiners  pending  resumption,  and  7  failed. 
The  suspensions  in  Montana  numbered  10,  and  their  capital  stock 
amounted  to  $1,875,000.  Of  these,  2,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $300,000, 
resumed,  and  7,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $1,075,000,  were  placed  in  the 
charge  of  receivers.  Six  suspensions  occurred  in  Oregon,  and  the  same 
number  in  California,  the  aggregate  capital  stock  represented  being 
$800,000  and  $1,200,000,  respectively.  There  was  but  one  failure  in 
each  State,  the  capital  stock  in  the  case  of  the  Oregon  bank  being 
$100,^00,  and  that  of  the  California  bank  $250,000.  There  were  3  sus- 
pensions in  Utah,  3  in  ISTorth  Dakota,  and  3  in  South  Dakota.  The 
three  banks  in  Utah,  with  a  capital  stock  aggregating  $250,000,  re- 
sumed business,  while  the  three  in  i^orth  Dakota,  with  a  total  capital 
stock  of  $400,000,  failed.  Two  of  the  banks  in  South  Dakota,  with  a 
total  capital  stock  of  $100,000,  were  placed  in  the  hands  of  receivers, 
and  one,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $125,000,  resumed.  Two  suspensions 
occurred  in  Wyoming,  and  the  same  number  in  Kew  Mexico.  One  bank 
in  Wyoming,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $200,000,  resumed,  and  one,  the 
capital  stock  of  which  was  $50,000,  failed.  Of  the  banks  in  ISTe  w  Mexico, 
one,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $175,000,  failed,  and  the  other,  with  a  capi- 
tal stock  of  $50,000,  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  an  examiner  pending 
resumption  or  the  appointment  of  a  receiver.  The  only  other  sus- 
pension in  this  geographical  division  occurred  in  Oklahoma,  being 
that  of  a  bank  with  a  capital  stock  of  $50,000,  which,being  solvent,  re- 
sumed. 


SUSPENSION   OF  BANKS   OTHER  THAN  NATIONAL. 

The  same  causes  which  so  seriously  affected  the  national  banks  af- 
fected in  like  manner  State,  savings,  and  private  banks,  and  loan  and 
trust  companies. 

During  the  year  ended  June  30,  1892,  there  were  09  failures  of 
private  banks  and  of  those  incorporated  under  State  authority,  with 
liabilities  amounting  to  $11,024,028  and  assets  to  $0,125,189.  The  fail- 
ures included  24  State  banks,  with  $3,177,529  liabilities;  0  savings 
banks,  with  $917,000  liabilities;  36  private  banks,  with  $0,505,099  lia- 
bilities; and  3  loan  and  trust  companies,  with  $425,000  liabilities. 

The  number  of  failures  of  this  class  during  the  last  six  months  of 
1802  was  35,  of  which  18  were  State  banks,  16  private  banks,  and  1  a 
loan  and  trust  company.  During  the  first  eight  months  of  the  current 
calendar  year  the  failures  and  suspensions,  as  reported  by  the  Brad- 
street  Agency,  numbered  415,  the  assets  aggregating  $94,291,348  and 
the  liabilities  $97,193,530.  Of  these  institutions  79,  or  19  per  cent,  with 
liabilities  amounting  to  14  per  cent  of  the  total  liabilities  of  the  sus- 
pended banks,  resumed  business. 


200  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

CLEARING-HOUSE  LOAN  CERTIFICATES. 

The  unprecedented  condition  of  the  money  market  from  June  to 
September  called  for  extraordinary  remedies,  not  only  to  avert  general 
disaster  to  the  banks  but  to  prevent  commercial  ruin.  This  remedy 
was  the  issuing  of  clearing-house  loan  certificates,  which  were  brought 
into  use  as  in  1873, 1884, 1890-'91,  by  the  associated  banks  of  ISTew  York, 
Boston,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  and  other  cities  where  needed.  The 
service  rendered  by  them  was  invaluable,  and  to  their  timely  issuance 
by  the  associated  banks  of  the  cities  named  is  due  the  fact  that  the  year's 
record  of  suspensions  and  failures  is  not  greatly  augmented. 

The  form  of  these  certificates,  with  the  conditions  under  which  they 
were  issued  in  1890-'91  (the  form  and  conditions  being  the  same  during 
the  late  issuance  of  them  as  then),  is  described  at  length  in  the  Comp- 
troller's Annual  Keport  for  1891.  The  subject  is  alluded  to  again  only 
because  it  constitutes  a  very  important  part  of  the  year's  banking  his- 
tory, and  for  the  additional  reason  that  here  and  there  are  to  be  found 
those  who  entertain  an  entirely  erroneous  idea  of  the  purpose  for 
which  these  certificates  were  issued  and  what  was  accomplished  by 
their  issuance.  Briefly  stated,  they  were  temporary  loans  made  by  the 
banks  associated  together  as  a  clearing-house  association,  to  the  mem- 
bers of  such  association,  and  were  available  to  such  banks  only  for  the 
purpose  of  settling  balances  due  from  and  to  each  other,  these  balances 
nnder  normal  conditions  of  bn^^iness  being  always  settled  in  coin  or  cur- 
rency. Each  clearing-house  association  selected  a  committee  charged 
with  the  issu.ing  of  the  certificates  to  each  bank  desiring  the  same, 
such  bank  being  required  before  receiving  them  to  deposit  with  the 
committee  its  bills  receivable,  or  other  securities,  as  collateral  for  the 
loan.  The  amount  of  certificates  issued  to  each  bank  was  limited  to 
75  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  securities  deposited.  They  bore  interest 
at  rates  varying  from  C  to  7^o  per  cent.  Immediately  npon  their  sur- 
render to  the  committee  they  were  canceled  and  the  securities  held  as 
collateral  were  returned  to  the  bank  depositing  the  same. 

At  a  time  when  vast  sums  of  coin  and  currency  were  being  with- 
drawn from  the  banks,  to  be  hoarded,  these  loan  certificates,  by  perform- 
ing the  functions  of  the  currency  or  coin  customarily  required  for  settling 
daily  balances  at  the  clearing  house,  released  so  much  currency  or  coin 
to  the  legitimate  and  current  demands  of  business  and  unquestionably 
placed  it  within  the  power  of  the  banks  in  the  cities  named  to  extend 
to  outside  banks  the  aid  needed  on  the  one  hand  and  liberally  granted 
on  the  other.  In  no  instance  were  these  certificates  designed  to  nor 
did  they  circulate  as  money.  They  were  but  due-bills  and  their  sole 
function  consisted  in  discharging  the  single  obligation  at  the  clearing 
house.  An  attempt  on  the  part  of  a  bank  in  any  of  the  associations 
issuing  these  certificates  to  nse  them  otherwise  would  have  incurred 
a  fine  and  other  iienalties  provided  in  the  rules  governing  such  associa- 
tions. Their  issuance  at  so  early  a  date  in  the  financial  derangement 
of  the  country  was  most  opportune  in  not  only  preventing  an  acute 
l^anic,  but  in  tending  to  restore  imblic  confidence,  such  action  demon- 
strating that  by  mutual  agreement  of  all,  the  weak  banks  of  the  asso- 
ciation would  be,  so  far  as  depositors  and  other  creditors  were  con- 
cerned, as  strong  as  the  strongest. 

In  inaugurating  the  issuing  of  certificates  so  promptly  and  in  issuing 
them  to  so  large  an  amount  the  Clearing-house  Association  of  ISTew  York, 
in  particular,  rendered  the  country  great  service,  and  the  associated 
banks  of  that  city  are  entitled  to  the  credit  which  the  public  gener- 
ally accords  them. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


201 


The  following  figures,  showing  the  movement  and  amount  of  the 
issue  of  loan  certificates  in  1893  in  the  cities  named,  will  indicate  the 
measure  of  relief  afforded  by  them : 


Date  of 
issue  of 
first  cer- 
tificate. 


Date  of  largest 

amount  out- 

standins;. 


Largest 
amouut  out- 
standing. 


Date  of 
surren- 
der of 
last  cer- 
tificate. 


Amount 
outstand- 
ing Oct.  31. 


New  York June  21 

Philadelphia June  16 

Boston June  27 

Baltimore ' do  . . . 

Pittsburg Aujr.  11 


Aug.  29  to  Sept.  6 

Aug.  15 

Aug.  23  to  Sept.  1 
Aug.  24  to  Sept.  9 
Sept.  15 


$38,  280,  000 

10,  965,  000 

11,  445,  000 
1, 475,  000 

987,  000 


Nov.  1    

'    $3,835,000 

Oct.  20    

\  845,000 

332,000 


Total. 


63, 152,  000 


The  issue  of  loan  certificates  in  1893  greatly  exceeded  that  of 
previous  j^cars.  In  1873  *  and  1881  they  were  issued  only  by  the  New 
York  Clearing  House  Association,  the  total  amount  issued  in  1873 
being  826,565,000  and  in  1881  $21,915,000. 

In  181}0-'91  they  were  issued  in  New  York,  Boston,  and  Philadelphia, 
the  largest  amounts  outstanding  at  any  time  being  as  follows: 


Date  of  first 
issue. 


Largest  amount  out- 
standing at  any  one 
time  and  date  of  same. 


New  York . . . 

Boston 

Philadelphia. 


Nov.  12, 1890 
Nov.  19, 1890 
Nov.  19, 1890 


$15, 205,  000,  Dec.  13, 1890. 
5. 005,  000,  Dec.  6,1890. 
8,  870, 000,  Jan.   9,1891. 


Total 


29, 140,  000 


LAWFUL  MONEY  RESERVE. 

Not  less  attention  has  been  attracted  during  the  present  year,  and 
particularly  during  the  closing  months  of  the  year,  to  the  subject  of 
lawful-money  reserve  to  be  held  by  the  banks,  than  to  that  of  clear- 
ing-house loan  certificates,  and  the  discussion  provoked  has  been 
quite  as  widespread. 

As  the  law  now  stands  all  national  banks,  outside  of  certain  desig- 
nated "reserve  cities,"  are  required  to  maintain  a  reserve  fund  equal 
to  15  per  cent  of  the  net  deposits  made  with  such  banks  by  individuals 
and  by  other  banks  and  bankers.  They  are  permitted  by  law  to  deposit 
not  over  three- fifths  of  this  15  per  cent  (or  9  per  cent)  with  such  national 
banks  located  in  the  "reserve  cities"  as  the  outside  banks  may  with 
the  Comptroller's  approval  select.  The  remainiug  two-fifths  (or  6  per 
cent)  must  be  kept  in  bank  in  lawful  money,  or  more,  if  loss  than 
three  fifths  is  kept  with  reserve  agents.  The  national  banks  located 
in  reserve  cities  are  divided  into  two  classes:  (1)  Those  in  the  "cen- 
tral" reserve  cities  of  New  York,  Chicago,  and  St.  Louis  being  required 
to  keep  25  per  cent  of  their  net  deposits  in  bank  in  laivful  money,  with 
the  iirivilege  of  acting  as  the  reserve  agents  of  any  national  banks 
located  outside  of  these  three  cities.  (2)  Those  located  in  the  reserve 
cities,  other  than  New  York,  Chicago,  and  St.  Louis,  being  required  to 
keep  25  per  cent  of  their  net  deposits  on  hand,  not  over  one-half  of 

*It  appears  from  iuformatiou  received  since  this  report  Tvas  printed,  that  the 
Philadelphia  association  also  issued  loan  certificates  in  1873,  the  total  amount  issued 
to  1880,  when  the  last  -was  retired,  being  $6,785,000. 


202  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING  THE 

wliicli  may  be  deposited  witli  any  national  bank  or  banks  located  in 
any  of  tlie  three  central  reserve  cities,  -wliile  the  remainder  must  be 
actually  on  hand  in  lawful  money.  The  banks  in  the  reserve  cities  of 
this  class  have  the  privilege  of  holding  a  part  of  the  reserve  of  any 
bank  or  banks  located  outside  of  all  reserve  cities,  viz,  banks  of  the 
15  per  cent  class. 

In  effect  these  requirements  arc  not  as  onerous  as  they  appear,  for  a 
national  bank  in  New  York  City  holding  8100,000  of  the  reserve  of  any 
other  bank  or  banks  on  deposit  must  keep  only  $25,000  of  the  amount 
on  hand  in  money,  while  it  is  at  liberty  to  lend  or  otherwise  invest  the 
remaining  875,000.  So  a  bank  in  a  reserve  city  of  the  second  class 
holding  8100,000  on  deposit  for  other  national  banks  may  loan  out  or 
invest  $75,000  of  the  amount,  and  of  the  remaining  $25,000  must  keep 
$12,500  in  bank  in  money  and  may  deposit  812,500  with  its  reserve 
agents,  receiving  a  low  rate  of  interest  (usually  2  per  cent)  on  the  same. 
A  bank  of  the  15  per  cent  class  must  keep  only  G  jyev  cent  of  its  depos- 
itors' money  actually  on  hand  in  banlc,  and  is  at  liberty  to  deposit  not 
over  9  per  cent  with  its  reserve  agents,  on  which  it  usually  receives  a 
low  rate  of  interest.  To  illustrate  the  operation  of  the  law  it  will  be 
found  that  with  normal  conditions  of  business  the  banks  in  reserve 
cities  (not  central)  held  on  December  9, 1892,  net  deposits  amounting  to 
8195,196,952,  against  which  they  held  877,869,593  cash  in  bank,  or 
about  16  per  cent,  and  the  15  per  cent  banks  held  net  deposits  of 
8975,622,088,  and  against  these  $108,012,510  cash  in  bank,  or  about  11 
per  cent.  Again,  a  large  portion  of  the  reserve  actually  held  by  the 
banks  can  not  be  considered  as  taken  out  of  circulation,  or  as  hoarded 
through  operation  of  the  law,  for  much  of  it  is  paid  out  during  each 
business  day,  other  money  coming  in  through  deposits  to  take  the  place 
of  that  paici.  out. 

In  any  view  of  the  matter,  however,  the  intent  of  the  law  is  to  com- 
pel a  bank  to  retain  always  on  hand  a  very  moderate  proportion  of  the 
money  deposited  with  it  for  safe  keeping  by  the  depositor,  who  prac- 
tically makes  a  loan  to  the  bank  iDayable  on  demand,  for  the  use  of 
which  he  ordinaril}^  receives  no  interest.  The  entire  effect  is  to  exercise 
a  wholesome  restraint  upon  a  tendency  to  an  undue  extension  of  business 
by  a  bank,  and  that  this  intent  is  recognized  as  an  underlying  j^rinciple 
of  safe  and  conservative  commercial  banking  is  evidenced  by  the  fact 
that  those  banks  which  are  comi)elIed  by  law  to  maintain  but  15  per 
cent  reserve  have  voluntarily  for  years  past  held  an  average  of  over  25 
per  cent,  the  ])roportion  required  for  banks  located  in  reserve  cities. 

The  evident  theory  of  the  law  is  that  a  bank  shall  always  have  on 
hand  such  an  amount  of  lawful  money  as  will  enable  it  under  normal 
conditions  of  business  to  meet  the  current  demands  of  its  depositors.  A 
careful  examination  of  section  5191,  United  States  Eevised  Statutes,  as 
amended,  will  show  that  it  is  expected  that  emergencies  will  arise 
under  which  this  fund  will  fall  below  the  legal  requirements.  This  con- 
tingency is  distinctly  recognized  by  the  plain  j)rovisions  contained  in 
the  section  named,  prescribing  what  shall  be  done  "  whenever  the  lawful 
money  reserve  of  any  association  shall  be  below  the  amount"  of  the 
required  percentage  of  its  deposits.  The  provisions  referred  to  are  that 
the  bank  shall  make  no  new  loans  or  discounts,  except  the  discount  of 
bills  of  exchange  payable  at  sight,  nor  make  any  dividend  of  its  prof- 
its until  the  required  amount  of  reserve  has  been  again  accumulated. 
The  reason  for  this  is  obvious.  The  depletion  of  a  bank's  reserve 
occurs  either  because  the  bank  has  loaned  out  or  otherwise  invested 
too  great  a  proportion  of  the  funds  it  has  received  on  deposit,  or  that 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     203 

its  depositors  have  witlidrawu  their  money  to  an  extent  which  pro- 
duces a  similar  result.  In  either  case  the  only  safe  and  i^rudent  course 
for  the  bank  to  pursue  is  to  cease  paying  out  money  in  any  direction 
except  to  depositors  until  either  through  the  collection  of  demand  or 
maturing  loans  on  the  one  hand,  or  the  receipt  of  deposits  on  the 
other,  the  required  proi)ortion  has  been  restored.  The  discount  of 
sight  bills  of  exchange  is  excepted  because  money  invested  in  this 
way  will  be  repaid  immediately,  and  in  this  branch  of  its  business  the 
bank's  customers  will  be  caused  no  inconvenience  and  the  commercial 
interests  of  the  country  be  thus  protected  from  loss  which  otherwise 
might  ensue. 

The  statistics  show  that  the  volume  of  business  carried  on  through 
cash  transactions  is  on  an  average  but  8,7  per  cent,  and  as  the  mone- 
tary conditions  of  the  country  become  more  fixed  and  confidence  in  them 
established,  cash  transactions  will  decrease  and  credit  transactions  cor- 
respondingly increase.  This  fact  is  to  be  considered  in  connection  with 
all  plans  having  as  their  sole  object  an  increase  of  the  volume  of  bank- 
note or  other  paper  currency,  and  coupled  with  this  is  the  further  fact 
that  no  issue  is  so  dangerous  to  a  people's  prosperity  as  a  large  paper 
issue,  unless  such  paper  rests  upon  a  proper  foundation,  is  absolutely 
redeemable  and  convertible  into  coin  upon  the  demand  of  the  note- 
holder, and  surrounded  with  every  safeguard  as  to  supervision  of  issue 
and  redemption. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  there  is  now  a  very  great  abundance  of  un- 
employed currency  in  the  country,  asshovrnby  the  daily  money  returns 
from  the  commercial  centers,  it  would  seem  that  whatever  need  api^eared 
some  months  since  for  enlarging  to  any  marked  extent  the  circulating 
medium  has  now  ceased  to  exist;  and  therefore  Congress  is  aflbrded  an 
opportunity  of  giving  to  the  whole  subject  that  careful  research  and 
investigation  which  its  importance  in  all  of  its  bearings  demands.  It 
will  not  do  to  place  upon  the  statute  books  any  experimental  legisla- 
tion upon  this  subject,  but  whenever  a  new  law  governing  bank  issues 
is  enacted  it  must  be  one  that  immediately  upon  going  into  operation 
shall  command  in  every  respect  the  confidence  of  the  wliole  people  and 
insure  to  them  a  currency  as  safe  in  every  respect  as  the  present  one, 
but  with  none  of  its  defects. 

In  the  meantime  it  is  respectfullj'^  suggested  that  Congress,  either 
through  a  monetary  commission  created  for  such  purpose  or  through 
the  appropriate  committees,  obtain  detailed  information  of  the  various 
systems  of  banks  of  issue  now  in  operation,  and  also  such  information 
as  is  to  be  ascertained  from  skilled  students  of  finance  and  practical 
financiers,  that  it  may  be  able  to  formulate  a  system  complete  and 
harmonioiii-. 

******* 

James  H.  Eckels, 
■V  Comptroller  of  the  Currency. 

The  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives. 


204 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


No.  4. — The  Number  and  Capital,  by  States,  of  National  Banks  Organized 
DURING  the  Year  ended  October  31,  1893. 


States  and  Territories. 


Penn.sylvania. 

New  "i'ork 

Texas 

Iowa 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Ohio 

Minnesota 

Wisconsin.  .. 

Nebraska 

California 

Florida 

Maine 

Marjland 

Massachusetts 

Oklahoma 

Alabama 


Kg.  of 
banks. 


Capital. 


$2,  375, 
2,  050, 
610, 
500, 
500, 
500, 
495, 
330, 
1,750, 
150, 
150, 
150, 
160, 
150, 
300, 
100, 
50, 


States  and  Territories. 


Arizona 

Colorado 

Idaho 

K.ansas , 

Kentucky 

Micliigan 

ilontana 

Missouri 

Kew  Jersey 

Nortli  Carolina 
Nortii  Dakota. 
South  Dakota.. 

Tennessee 

Vermont 

"West  Virginia. 

Total 


Ko.  of 
banks. 


119 


Capital. 


$100, 000 
50,  000 
50, 000 
50,  000 
50, 000 

100,  000 
50, 000 

100, 000 
50,  000 
50,  000 
50.  000 
50,  000 
6(J,  000 
50,  000 
50,  000 


11, 230,  ODD 


]S'o.  5.— Statement  Showing  by  St.4.tes  the  Number  of  National  Banks  in 
Active  Operation  October  31,  1893. 


Alabama 29 

Arizona 5 

Arkansas 9 

California 36 

Colorado 52 

Connecticut 84 

DelaTvare 18 

District  of  Columbia 13 

Florida 17 

Georgia 27 

Idaho 13 

Illinois 213 

Indiana '. 114 

Indian  Territory 6 

lo^a 169 

Kansas 137 

Kentucky 80 

Louisiana 20 

Maine 83 

Maryland 68 

Massachusetts 268 

Michigan 100 

Minnesota 77 

Mississippi 12 

Missouri 79 

Montana 25 


Nebraska 135 

Nevada  2 

New  Hampshire 51 

New  Jersey 99 

New  Mexico 10 

New  York 334 

North  Carolina 24 

North  Dakota 32 

Ohio 243 

Oklahoma 6 

Oregon 39 

Pennsylvania 399 

Ehode  Island 59 

South  Carolina 14 

South  Dakota 39 

Tennessee 51 

Texas 222 

Utah 14 

Vermont 48 

Virginia 36 

Washington 61 

West  Virginia 30 

Wisconsin 82 

Wyoming 12 

Total 3,796 


j^tq  6.— Statement  showing  total  Number  of  National  Banks  now  in  Opera- 
tion AND  THE  Number  passed  out  of  the  System  since  February  25,  1863. 

Passed  into  voluntary  liquidation  to  wind  up  affairs , '13 

Less  number  placed  in  the  hands  of  a  receiver 10 

703 

Passed  into  liquidation  for  purpose  of  reorganization 84 

Passed  into  liquidation  upon  expiration  of  corporate  existence* 103 

Placed  in  the  hands  of  a  receiver 248 

1,138 
Less  number  restored  to  solvency  .ind  resumed  business 4 

Total  passed  out  of  system 1, 134 

*  Total  number  of  banks  organized  since  February  25,  1863,  4,930;  number  now  in  operation,  3,796. 
Sixly-lbur  of  these  have  been  reorganized. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


205 


No.  7.— Number  and  Authorized  Capital  of  Banks  Organized  and  the  Num- 
ber AND  Capital  of  Banks  Closed  in  each  Year  ended  October  31  since 
the  Establishsient  op  the  National  Banking  System,  with  the  Yearly 
Increase  or  Decrease. 


Tear. 


1863 134! 

1864 453[ 

1865 il.OU 


1866. 
1867. 
1868. 
1869. 
1870. 
1S71. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 


Organized. 


Ko.   Capital. 


62 
lOj 
12i 

22 

170 

175 

68 

71 

107 

36 

29 

28 

38 

57 

86 

227 

262 

191 

145 

174 

225 

132 

211 

307 

193 

163 

119 


Total '1,930 

Deduct  de-  I 
crease 


$16,  378, 700 

79,  366, 950 

242,  542, 982 

8,515,150 

4.  260,  300 

1,210,000 

1,500,000 

2, 736,  000; 

19,  519,  ooo: 

18.  988, 000' 

7,  602, 700 

6,  745,  500 

12, 104,  000 

3, 189,  800 

2,  589,  000 

2,  775,  000 

3,  595,  000 
G,  374, 170 
9,  351,  050 

30,  038, 300 
28,654,350 
16,  042,  230 
16,  933,  000 
21,  358,  000 
30,  546,  OOO 
12, 053, 000 
21, 240,  000 
36, 250, 000 
20, 700. 000 
15,  285,  000 
11,230,000 


Closed. 


In  voluntary 
liquidation. 


No.     Capital. 


700,  978, 182 


$330,  000 
650,  000 
2, 160, 000 
2, 445, 500 
3,  372, 710 
2,  550, 000 
1, 450, 000 

2,  ISO,  500 

3,  524,  700 

2,  795, 000 

3,  820,  000 
2,  505, 000 

2,  539,  500 

4,  237,  500 

3,  750,  000 
570, 000 

1, 920, 000 
16, 120,  000 
7,  736,  000 

3,  647,  250 
17,  856,  590 

1,  651, 100 

2,  537,  450 
4, 171, 000 

4,  316,  000 

5,  050,  000 
4,  485, 000 
6, 157,  500 

6,  035,  OOO 


830   120,623,500 


Insolvent. 


No.     Capital. 


$50,  000 
500,  000 
1, 170,  000 
410,  OOOl 
50,  000 
250,  0091 


Ket  yearly  in- 
crease. 


No.        Capital. 


134 

450 

1,007 

56 


1,  806,  lOO 
3,  825,  000 

250,  000 
1,000,000 

965,  ooo! 
3,  344, 000 

2,  612,  500 
1,  230,  000 

700,  000 


7 

159 

158 

30 

48 

64 


1,  561,  300 

250,  000 

1,285,000 

600,  000 

650,  000 

1, 550, 100 

1, 900,  000 

250, 000 

750,  000 

3,  022,  000 

2, 450,  000 

11,  035, 000 


$16,  378, 700 

79, 366, 950' 

242, 162, 982 

7,  305. 150 

930, 300 


Net  yearly 
decrease. 


No.   Capital. 


18, 069,  000 
15,  001, 400 
253,  000 
3,  700,  500 
7,  283, 800 


248   44,065,900 


Total . 


45 
60 
146: 

220 
150 

56 
141 
192 

90] 
168 
248 
127 

93 
6 


5, 104, 170 
7, 731,  050' 
12,  357, 000 
20,  668,  350 
11, 109, 980 


1,  645, 500 

1,922,710 

64,000 


340,  200 

3,  294,  500 

4,  075, 000 
1,  385,  000 


3,974 
182 


"2,  792 


19,056,900. 
26,458,  550  . 

5,  982,  000  . 
16,  674. 000  . 
30,450,  ooo!. 
12,593,000'. 

6,677,500!. 


565,374,2821  182 
20,  086,  500 


t5-15,  288,  782 


1, 518, 590 


5, 840, 000 


20, 035,  500 


*  Four  bants  restored  to  solvency  mating  3,796  going  banks. 

t  The  total  autborized  capital  stock  on  October  31  was  $695,953,165,  tbe  paid-in  capital  $605,558,120, 
including  the  capital  stock  of  licfuidating  and  insolvent  banks  ■which  havcnot  deposited  lawful  money 
for  the  retirement  of  their  circolating  notes. 


No.  8. — Statement   showing,  by   States,  the  Number   ai;t>   Capital   of   all 
Banks  Extended  under  Act  of  July  12,  1882. 


States  and  Territories. 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Idaho 

Kansas 

Kentucky  

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Missouri 


No.  ©f 
banks. 


3 

6 
73 

11 

9 
83 
46 
47 

1 

9 
23 

6 
56 
29 
209 
29 
18 
10 


Capital. 


$885, 000 
350,  000 
2. 100,  COO 
1,010,000 
22,  450, 820 
1,  503, 185 
1, 277,  000 

1,  806,  000 
10,018,000 

5,  629,  000 

4, 170,  000  t 

100, 000 

825, 000 

6,611,500 

2,  600, 000 
9,  835,  COO 

12, 069,  000 
88, 012,  500 

2,  440,  000 
5,  315,  000 

3,  775,  000 


States  and  Territories. 


Montana 

Nebraska 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina  . . 
South  Carolina  . . 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

Tennessee 

Texas  

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West  Virginia. . . 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Total 1,166 


No.  of 
banks. 

Capital. 

2 

$650, 000 

8 

1,  400,  000 

38 

4, 905,  000 

53 

10,  783,  350 

225 

72,  872,  460 

4 

850,  000 

9 

1,535,000 

103 

17,  329,  000 

1 

250, 000 

174 

45,  954, 000 

59 

19,  959,  800 

13 

2,  570,  OOO 

7 

985,  eoo 

1 

500,  000 

32 

5, 956,  000 

14 

2,391,000 

13 

1, 491,  000 

22 

2,  085,  000 

1 

100,  000 

1,  466 

375,  949, 005 

206  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


REPOET  or  THE  COMMISSIOI^rEE  OF  INTEE:N^AL  EEVENUE. 

Treasury  Department, 
Office  of  Internal  Eevenue, 
WasMngton,  D.  C,  N'ovemher  1,  1893. 
Sir:  Iu  compliance  with  the  instructions  contained  in  your  letter  oi 
September  9,  1893, 1  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  of 
the  operations  of  the  Bureau  of  Internal  Eevenue  for  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30, 1893,  and  also  certain  additional  information  relating  to 
the  collections  made  and  work  performed  during  tlie  first  three  months 
of  the  current  fiscal  year. 


COLLECTIONS  FOR  THE   CURRENT  FISCAL  YEAR. 

I  estimate  that  the  total  receipts  from  all  sources  of  internal  revenue 
for  the  current  fiscal  year  will  be  $150,000,000. 

RECEIPTS  FOR   THE  PAST  EIGHT  FISCAL  YEARS. 

Fiscal  year  ended — 

Jiirie  30, 1893 $101,001,989.67 

June  30, 1892 153,  857, 54t.  35 

June  30, 1891 116,035,415.97 

June  30, 1890 142,594,696.57 

June  30, 1889 130,894,434.20 

June  30, 1888 124,326,475.32 

June  30, 1887 118,837,301.04 

June  30, 1886 116,902,869.46 

COLLECTIONS  FOR  THE  FISCAL  YEAR  ENDED  JUNE  30,  1893. 

Ill  the  last  annual  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Eevenue 
my  predecessor  estimated  that  the  receipts  of  this  bureau  for  the  fiscal 
year  ended  June  30, 1893,  would  reach  the  sum  of  $165,000,000.  Owing 
to  the  general  depression  of  business  throughout  the  country  I  regret 
to  say  this  estimate  was  not  realized,  the  actual  receipts  from  all 
sources  for  the  fiscal  year  above  named  being  $101,001,989.67. 

The  following  tables  exhibit  in  detail  the  amount  of  internal  revenue 
collected  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  the  sources  from 
which  the  revenue  was  derived,  the  total  sum  collected  in  each  district, 
State,  and  Territory,  the  cost  of  collecting,  etc. : 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


207 


INTERNAL-REVENUE  RECEIPTS  DURING  THE  LAST  TWO  FISCAL  YEARS. 

CosiPARATiVE  Statement  sho's^tcxg  the  Receipts  froji  the  Seyeual  Objects  of 
Internal  Taxation  in  the  United  States  during  the  Fiscal  Years  ended 
June  30,  1892  and  1893. 


Objects  of  taxation. 


Eeceipts  cluring  fiscal  years 
eniled  Juno  30 — 


1S92. 


1893. 


Increase. 


Decrease. 


Spirits  distUledfrom  apples,  peaclies,  and 

grapes 

Spirits  distilled  from   materials    otlier 

than  apples,  peaclies,  and  gravies 

Rectifiers  (special  tax) 

Retail  liquor  dealers  (special  tax) 

Wholesale  liquor  dealers  (special  tax)... 

Manufacturers  of  stills  (special  tax) 

Stills  and  worms  manufactured  (special 

tax) 

Stamps  for  distilled  spirits  intended  for 

export 


Total 


TOBACCO. 

Cigars,  cheroots,  and  cigarettes-  weigh- 
ing o  vT3r  3  pounds  per  thousand 

Cigarettes  weiglving  not  over  3  pounds 
per  thousand , 

Snuli' 

Tobacco,  chewing  an  d  smoking 


Total 


FEEJIENTED  LIQUOES. 

Ale,  beer,  lager  beer,  porter,  and  other 
similar  fermented  liquors 

Brewers  (special  tax) 

Retail  dealers  in  malt  liquors  (special 
tax) 

Wholesale  dealers  in  malt  liquors  (special 
tax) 


Total 


oleomaeoarine  . 

Oleomargarine,  domestic  and  imijorted  . . 

Manufactiu-crs  of  oleomargarine  (spe- 
cial tax) 

Retail  dealers  in  oleomargarine  (special 
tax) 

Wholesale  dealers  in  oleomargarine 
(special  tax) , 


Total 


BAKES,  BANKEES,  ETC. 


Banlc  circulation 

Notes  of  persons,  State  banks,   towns, 
cities,  etc.,  paid  out 


$1, 764,  956. 15 

83, 776, 252. 86 

208,  316.  32 

5,  030, 170. 95 

408, 793.  04 

1,  047.  03 

4, 810. 00 

5, 030. 40 


$1,  518,  787. 02 

87, 712,  513.  03 

182, 408.  53 

4,  807,  324.  39 

425, 339. 27 

1,  325. 01 

4,  440.  00 

8, 123. 30 


$246, 169. 13 


$3,930,260.17 


3, 092. 90 


91, 309, 883. 65 


94, 720, 260.  55 


3, 410, 276. 90 


13,  010, 39S.  25 

1, 440, 491. 42 

669, 861.  OS 

15, 237, 742. 32 


14,  442, 591. 35 

1, 588, 361. 85 

714,  773.  03 

15, 143, 984. 91 


796, 193. 10 

141,870.43 
44,  912. 55 


31,  000. 493.  07 


29, 431, 498. 06 
173,880.14 

184, 160. 62 

247, 913. 95 


30, 037, 452. 77 


945,  675.  00 

10, 400. 00 

204,  215.  00 

106,  036.  00 


1, 266, 326. 00 


Total  , 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


Penalties 

Opium  manufactured  in  the  United 
States  for  smoking  purposes 

Collections  not  otherwise  herein  pro- 
vided for 


239, 732. 21 

700. 00 

2,  856. 65 


Total 

Aggregate  receipts . 


243,  288. 86 


153, 857,  544.  35 


31,! 


711.74  1   839,218.67 


31,  962, 743. 15  2, 531,  245.  09 
168,666.78  ! 


174,  043. 08 
243,  530.  06 


32,  548, 983. 07  :  2, 511,  530. 30 


1,  301,  317. 50 

15,  350. 00 

238,  332.  CO 

115,  644.  00 


355,  642. 50 

4, 950. 00 

34, 117. 00 

9,  608.  00 


1,670,643.50  i   404,317.50 


168, 357. 57 

125.  00 

6,  908,  24 


175,  390.  81 


161, 004,  989. 67 


4, 051. 59 


7, 147, 445. 32 


25,  907. 79 

212. 852. 56 

43, 453.  77 

322. 92 

370.  00 


93,  757. 41 


5, 213. 30 
10, 117.  54 
4, 383. 89 


71,  374.  64 
575.  00 


67, 898. 05 


208 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


WITHDRAWALS  FOR 


CONSUMPTION    DURING  THE  LAST    TWO  FISCAL 
YEARS. 


The  quantities  of  distilled  spirits,  fermented  liquors,  manufactured 
tobacco,  suufif,  cigars,  cigarettes,  and  oleomargarine  on  wliich  tax  was 
paid  during  the  last  two  fiscal  years  are  as  follows: 


Articles  taxed. 


Fiscal  years  ended  June  30- 


1892. 


1893. 


Increase. 


Decrease. 


Spirits  distilled  from  apples,  peaches,  and 

grapes galls . . 

Spirits  distilled  from  materials  other  than 

apples,  peaches,  and  grapes galls. . 

Fenuented  liquors Dbls. . 

Cigars,  clicroots,  and  cigarettes  ■weighing 

over  3  pounds  per  thousand No. . 

Cigarettes  weighing  not  over  3  pounds  per 

thousand 'No.. 

Snuflf lbs.. 

Tobacco,  chewing  and  smoking lbs.. 

Oleomarg.ii-ine lbs . . 


1,0C1,  0G2 

93, 084,  725 
31,817,836 

4,548,709,417 

2,  892, 982,  840 

11,104,351 

253,  9G2,  021 

47,  283,  750 


1,  687,  541 

97, 458,  348 
34,  554,  317 

4, 814, 197, 117 

*3, 170,  698,  700 

11,912,894 

252, 399,  749 

65,  061, 775 


273,  521 


4.  373,  623 
2,  736,  481 

205,  397,  700 

283, 715,  860 
748,  543 


17, 778, 025 


1, 562, 272 


*  There  were  5,000  cigarettes  that  weighed  over  three  pounds  per  thousand,  the  tax  on  which  was 
$3  per  thousand,  equaling  $15.    They  are  included  with  the  cigarettes  in  the  above  statement. 

******* 

Note.— Many  detailed  tabular  statements  omitted  from  this  compilation  for  want  of  space  may  be 
found  in  the  bound  volumes  of  the  Commissioner's  report. 

RECEIPTS  BY   STATES  AND    TERRITORIES  DURING  THE  LAST  FISCAL 

YEAR. 

Statement  siioavixg  the  Aggregate  Collectioxs  of  Internal  Revenue,  by 
States  and  Territories,  during  the  Fiscal  Year  ended  June  30, 1893. 


States  and  Territories. 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

California  (o).. 
Colorado  (fc)  ... 
Connecticut  (c) 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas  (tZ) 

Kentucky  

Louisiana  (e)  . . 
Maryland  (/)  . 
Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Missouri 


Aggregate  col- 
lections. 


$107, 

102, 

2,194, 

370, 

1,025, 

481, 

449, 

34,  317, 

6,  459, 

551, 

361, 

26,  618, 

758, 

3,  627, 

2, 563, 

2, 346, 

2,610, 

8, 975, 


147. 14 
503.  30 
048.  21 
138. 94 
458. 19 
618.  53 
677.  39 
541.64 
722.  23 
301.  05 
761. 12 
820. 36 
158.  78 
345. 50 
928. 48 
427. 77 
225.  83 
110.  66 


States  and  Territories. 


Montana  (g) 

Nebraska  {h) 

New  Hampshire  (i) 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico  (k) 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

Ohio 

Oregon  (l) 

Pennsylvania 

South  Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas  

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Total 


Aggregate  col- 
lections. 


3,  817 
532, 

4, 457 

48, 

19,  690, 

2,  425, 

13,415, 

362, 

12,  470, 

56, 

1,311, 

295, 

2, 912, 

854, 

4,  228, 


249. 86 
479. 94 
912.58 
608. 90 
886.  68 
554. 78 
783. 28 
450.  55 
802j;3 
224.11 
821.49 
893.  94 
39G.  66 
548. 28 
634.  66 
740. 35 


161, 004,  989.  67 


a  Including  the  State  of  Nevada. 

6  Including  the  State  of  Wyoming. 

c  Including  the  State  of  Rhode  Island. 

ri  Including  the  Indian  Territory  and  the  Territory  of  Oklahoma. 

c  Including  the  State  of  Mississippi. 

/Including  the  State  of  Delaware,  District  of  Columbia,  and  two  counties  of  Virgmia. 

(7  Including  t!io  State  of  Idaho  and  the  Territory  of  Utah. 

A  Including  the  States  of  North  Dakota  and  South  Dakota. 

t  Including  the  States  of  Maine  and  Vermont. 

k  Including  the  Territory  of  Arizona. 

i  Including  the  State  of  Washington  and  the  Territory  of  Alaska 


REPOllT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


209 


Statement  siioaving  the  A:mouxt  of  Internal  Revenue  Collected  ix  the 
Sevekal States,  Teriutouies,  etc.,  that  have  beex  Consolidated  with  other 
Districts,  fou  the  Fiscal  Year  exded  June  30,  1893. 


States,  'i'orritorios,  etc. 


Alasl<a 

Arizona 

CalilVirnia 

California,  fourth  district  of 

Color:i(!o 

Coil  nt'L-t  lout 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia 

Idaho 

Indian  Territory 

Kansas '. 

Louisiana 

llaine 

Maiyland 

Mississippi 

Montana 

Nebraska 


Amount  col- 
lected. 


$2, 

22, 

1,  793, 

383, 

313, 

673, 

71, 

232, 

25, 

6. 

340, 

737, 

40, 

3,  320, 

20, 

109, 

3,  747, 


714.  53 
787.  53 
439.  55 
0G1.61 
700.  45 
206. 80 
971.  08 
798. 08 
5ie.40 
044.42 
500.  33 
347. 43 
920. 15 
270.  39 
811.35 
034.  54 
018.  39 


States,  Territories,  etc. 


Ifevada 

jSIew  Uampshire 

New  ile.xico 

North  Dakota 

Oklahoma  Territory 

Oregon  

Khode  Island 

Sout  h  Dakota 

Utah ; 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Virginia,  two  counties  of  Acco- 
mack and  Northampton,  be- 
longing to  collection  district  of 
Maryland 

Washington , 

"Wyoming , 


Amount  col- 
lected. 


$17,547.05 

473,  112.23 

2G,  099. 15 

20.  IS!.  05 

15,210.37 

182,901.21 

352. 251. 33 

50,  28J.  58 

61,098.02 

18,  880.  26 

2,  910, 252. 27 


2,  296.  01 

177,  ISS.  OS 

26, 438. 49 


* 


* 


REGISTRATION   OF   CHINESE. 

Under  the  provi.sioiis  of  tlie  act  of  May  5,  1892,  certificates  of  resi- 
dence of  Cliiue.se  laborers,  and  otlier  than  laborers  entitled  to  remain  in 
tlie  United  States  after  tlie  date  of  said  act,  are  required  to  be  issued  by 
tliis  office.  The  total  number  of  certificates  so  issued  was  13,243.  The 
following  tabulated  statement  will  sbow  the  number  issued,  respectively, 
hy  collectors  in  the  States  and  Territories  named: 

.STATE.MEXT  OF   CEPaiFlCATES   OF   RESIDENCE   ISSUED   TO   CUIXESE. 

Alabama 43 

Arkansas 13 

Califoiiiia  (includes  Nevada) 4,  850 

Coloi'ado  (inclndes  AVyoming) 1,  .500 

Connofticut  (iucliides  Rhode  Island) 146 

Florida 44 

Georgia G5 

Illinoi.s 1,019 

Indiana 59 

Iowa 62 

Kansas  (includes  Indian  Territory) 24 

Keutncky 28 

Louisiana  (inclndes  Mississippi) 218 

Maryland  (inclndes  Delaware  and  District  of  Columbia) 187 

Massachusetts 20 

Michigan 102 

Minnesota 59 

Missouri 330 

Montana  (inclndes  Idaho  and  Utah  Territory) 449 

Nebraska  (inclndes  North  and  South  Dakota) 91 

New  Hampshire  (inclndes  Maiuo  and  Vermont) 47 

New  Jersey 41 

New  jVIexico  (includes  Arizona) 45 1 

New  York '      548 

North  Carol  ina * 5 

Oliio 106 

Oregon  (includes  Washington  and  Alaska  Territory) 1,  092 

Pennsylvania 712 

South'Carolina 33 

Tennessee 9 

Texas 727 

Virginia 27 

West  Virginia 2G 

Wisconsin 107 

Total 13,243 

******* 

Ab.  93 14 


210 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


CO:MPARATmD      STATEIMENT     OF      DISTILLEPvIES      REGISTERED      AND 

OPERATED. 

The  whole  number. of  grain  distilleries  registered  during  the  fiscal 
year  ended  June  30,  1893,  was  1,798,  of  which  number  1,G17  were  oper- 
ated. 

The  numbers  registered  and  operated  during  thetiscal  yearended  June 
30,1892,  were  l,GG3audl,457,  respectively,  showinganincreaseduringthe 
last  fiscal  year  of  135  in  the  number  registered  and  of  IGO  in  the  num- 
ber operated. 

The  larger  portion  of  the  increase  in  the  number  registered  and  in 
the  number  operated  occurred  in  the  class  of  distilleries  having  the 
smaller  capacities  for  the  production  of  spirits,  there  having  been  an 
increase  of  118  in  the  number  of  distilleries  of  this  class  registered  and 
an  increase  of  13G  in  the  number  operated. 

In  the  class  of  larger  distilleries  there  was  an  increase  of  17  in  the 
number  registered  and  of  24  in  the  number  operated. 

During  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1892,  there  were  registered 
1,414  distilleries  of  the  smaller  class,  varying  in  daily  grain  capacity 
from  not  over  5  to  not  over  GO  bushels  each,  and  of  this  number  1,223, 
or  85  per  cent,  were  operated. 

Of  the  larger  distilleries,  having  daily  grain  capacities  varying  from 
GO  bushels  to  several  thousand  bushels  each,  249  were  registered  and 
234,  or  nearly  94  per  cent,  were  operated. 

During  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1893,  of  the  smallest  distilleries 
1 ,532  were  registered  and  1,359,  or  nearly  89  per  cent,  were  operated. 

Of  the  larger  distilleries  2GG  were  registered  and  258,  or  97  per  cent, 
were  operated. 

There  were  11  rum  distilleries  registered  and  11  operated,  an  increase 
of  1  in  the  number  reported  for  the  previous  fiscal  year. 

There  were  3,180  fruit  distilleries  registered  and  3,115  operated,  a 
decrease  of  1,301  in  the  number  registered  and  of  1,343  in  the  number 
operated  during  the  fiscal  year. 

The  total  number  of  grain,  molasses,  and  fruit  distilleries  registered 
and  operated  during  the  year  is  4,989  and  4,743,  respectively. 

There  was  a  decrease  of  1,165  in  the  number  of  all  kinds  of  distil- 
leries regifitered  and  of  1,182  in  the  number  of  all  kinds  operated  during- 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  as  comjiared  with  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30,  1892;  but  this  decrease  occurs  wholly  in  the  class  of 
fruit  distilleries,  there  being,  as  shown  above,  a  considerable  increase 
in  the  number  of  grain  distilleries. 

*  *  *  *  *  *  * 

COMPAliATIVK    STATEMEXT   OF    MATERIALS   USED    AND    SPiniTS    PKODCCED    DUUING 

TUE  Last  Tex  Fiscal  Years. 


Tear. 


Grain  used. 


Spirits 
produced. 


H!oIas3CS 
used. 


Kum 
produced. 


1884 

IS'S-J 

lS;-fi 

1S87 

18HS 

I8sn 

18110 

1801 

1892 

1893 

Total . 

Avera 


Svshels. 
18.  927.  982 
17, 8G5,  203 
19, 195,  332 
17,  959.  5G5 
IC,  122.  500 
21).  900,  924 
2o,  202,  901 
2C,  347,  041 
26,480.827 
29,  030,  409 


Gallons. 

73,724,  581 

72, 834, 198 

78,  544. 4^ 

75, 974,  376 

68,  388, 160 

87,  887. 456 

107,  618, 120 

114,178,077 

112,812,723 

126,  545,  017 


Gallons. 
2, 259,  530 
2, 719, 416 
2,308,130 
2,  428.  783 
2,  519.  494 
1,951,104 
2, 198, 538 
2,  368, 171 
2,  550, 759 
2,  775, 752 


218, 132, 293 


918,  507, 136         24, 079,  C83 


Gallons. 
1,711,158 
2,081,165 
1,  799, 952 
:,8.-)7.  223 
1,891,246 
1,471,054 
1, 657,  808 
1,784.312 
1,9.50,318 
2,106,705 


21, 813, 229 


91,850,713 


2, 407,  968 


18, 317,  001 
1,831,700 


REPOET    OF    THE    SECEET/iHY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


211 


Tlic  qmu'.tity  of.  grain  used  for  tlie  production  of  spirits  during  the 
fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893  (29,030,409  bushels,  iucluding  328,039 
bushels,  ^hich  is  the  eGtinuited  equivalent  of  2,108,825  gallons  ot, 
molasses  used  for  the  production  of  spirits),  is  an  increase  of  2,540,582 
bushels  over  the  amount  used  in  the  preceding  fiscal  year  (20,489,827 
bushels),  and  is  7,217,180  bushels  more  than  the  average  (21,813^229 
bushels)  for  the  last  ten  years.  The  number  of  gallons  of  spirits  i)ro- 
duced  from  grain  during  the  year  (120.545,017  gallons)  sho^^^s  an 
increase  of  13,732,294  gallons  over  the  product  (112,812,723  gallons)  for 
the  year  ended  June  30,  1892,  and  is  34,094,304  gallons  more  tlmn  the 
average  produced  (91,850,713  gallons)  for  the  last  ten  years. 

The  yield  of  spirits  from  each  bushel  of  grain  is  4.35+  gallons. 

The  yield  for  the  two  preceding  years  was  4.32+  for  1891  and  4.24+ 
gallons  for  1892. 

The  quantity  of  molasses  used  for  the  production  of  rum  during  the 
fiscal  year  (2,775,752  gallons)  shows  an  increase  of  224,993  gallons  over 
the  quantity  used  in  the  previous  year  (2,550,759  gallons),  and  is 
307,784  gallons  more  than  the  average  (2,407,968  gallons)  for  the  last 
ten  years. 

The  quantity  of  rum  distilled  from  molasses  during  the  fiscal  year 
(2;10(),765  gallons)  showa  an  increase  of  150,447  gallons  over  the  prod- 
uct of  the  previous  year  (1,950,318  gallons),  and  is  275,085  gallons 
more  than  the  average  product  (1,831,700  gallons)  for  the  last  ten  years. 


STOCK   FED   AT   DISTILLERIES. 

Tlie  following  statement  shows  the  number  of  cattle  and  hogs  fed  at 
regi.stered  grain  distilleries,  arranged  by  States: 


^laljaiua 

Arkansas  

Connecticut 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Kentucky 

ilarylancl 

Massaclir.settsi . 

Minnesota 

Missonri 

Kebraska 

New  Jersey 

Korth  Carolina 

Obio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania  . . 
Soutli  Carolina. 

Tennc;5sce 

Texas 

Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Total 


Cattle. 


Xnmber 
fed. 


Total  in- 
crease in 
■weight. 


Powitls. 

1,500 

49,  728 

20,  000 

18,  000 

8,  902,  080 

851,710 

G,  400,  198 

05,  200 

16,000 

625, 000 

32.  675 

403,  200 

70, 930 

29,  234 

871,  450 

43,420 

G8:l,  305 

15,850 

290.  359 

2,900 

SOO 

43,600 


Average 

increase 

in  weight 


Pounds. 

30 
217J- 
200 

75 
246+ 
139+ 
225  + 
333+ 
200 
250 
133+ 

89+ 
205 

56+ 
258  f 
167 
187+ 
141  + 
239+ 

50 
133+ 
212+ 


Hogs. 


Number 
fed. 


,702   19,479,199 


219+ 


150 
2,321 


1,852 
50 
41 

7,491 

223 

10 


Total  in-  Average 
crease  in  |  increase 
weight,    in  weight. 


971 


2,014 

120 

80 

7,271 

249 

2,641 

543 

345 

64 


26, 436 


Pounds. 

3.000 

158. 130 


148,  IGO 
2.000 
1,750 

788,  798 

23, 170 

1,500 


Poun  ds. 
20 
08+ 


81, 345 


129, 994 

5,800 

6,160 

5.37,015 

11, 160 

213.  089 

30, 036 

34,  650 

10,  000 


2, 185, 757 


80 

40 

42+ 
105+ 
103+ 
150 


Total  in- 
crease in 
weight  of 
cattle  and 
hogs. 


83+ 


64+1 
48  +  ! 

73+' 

44+ 
80+' 
55+ 

100+: 

156+i 


Pounds. 

4.500 

207,  858 

20,  000 

100,160 

8,  964,  080 

853, 400 

7,194,930 

58,  370 

17, 500 

025, 000 

114,  020 

403.  200 

70, 9:30 

159,  228 

877,  250 

49,  580 

1, 226.  380 

27, 010 

503,  448 

32,  936 

35,  450 

53,  600 


82+21,664,956 


212 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


STTMMAET. 

Nuniber  of  c.ittle  fed  at  re^ijisterpd  srain  distilleries  in  the  United  States 88,702 

fCotal  increase  in  wciirlit  of  cattle pounds..  19,479, 199 

Avorasje  increase  in  weight  of  cattle do 219+ 

Kuniber  of  liogs  fed  at  rejiistered  grain  distilleries  in  the  United  States 26, 430 

Total  increase  in  weight  of  hogs pounds..  2, 185,  757 

Average  increase  in  weight  of  hoss do 8'j+ 

Total  number  of  cattle  and  hogs  fed 115, 138 

Total  increase  in  weight  of  cattle  and  hogs pounds..  21,604,950 

Average  increase  in  weight  of  cattle  and  hogs do 188+ 

******  * 


DISTILLED  SPIRITS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  OCTOBER  3,  1893. 

The  quantity  of  distilled  spirits  in  the  United  States,  except  what 
may  be  in  customs  bonded  warehouses,  on  the  1st  day  of  October,  1893, 
was  188,525,773  gallons,  this  quantity  being  distributed  as  follows: 

Gallons. 

In  distillery  warehouses 134,288,665 

lu  special  t)oii(le(l  ^vareliouses 2,  263,  057 

lu  LaiuLs  of  wholesale  liquor  dealers 18,  994,  601 

In  hands  of  retail  liquor  dealers 32,  979,  450 

Total -• 188,  525,  773 - 

In  making  the  above  computation  the  average  stock  of  each  retail 
liquor  dealer  in  the  United  States  is  estimated  at  150  gallons. 

******* 


OPERATIONS    IN     OLEOMARGARINE    DURING   THE    LAST    TWO    FISCAL 

YEARS. 

The  following  statement  by  districts  shows  the  quantity,  in  pounds, 
of  oleomargarine  produced  at  manufiictories,  the  quantity  withdrawn 
therefrom  tax-paid,  for  export  and  for  exposition  purposes,  and  the 
quantity  lost  or  destroyed  at  manufactories  during  the  two  fiscal  years 
ended  June  30,1892,  and  June  30,  1893,  respectively  j  also  the  stock 
remaining  on  hand  at  the  close  of  each  year: 


Districts. 


Colorado , 

Ceiiiiecticutrt 

First  Illinois 

Sixth  Indiana 

Kansas  6 

Sixth  ]\Iissouri 

Kehrasl:ac 

Eleventh  Ohio 

Eighteentli  Ohio  . . . 
First  Pennsylvania 


From  July  1, 1891,  to  June  30, 1892. 


Produced. 


219, 
4,519, 
31. 122, 
51, 
6,  745, 
1, 113, 
1,  889, 

485, 
1,  ''94, 

422 


Total 48,364,155     46,915,501       1,295,782 


Withdrawn 
tax-paid. 


223,  782 

4,081,089 

30,  619,  701 

30, 538 

6,  631,  634 

1,111,355 

1, 889,  985 

485,  582 

1,  794, 320 

10, 915 


Withdrawn 

for 

exjiort. 


438, 045 
385, 334 


73, 721 


398, 682 


Lost  or 
destroyed. 


Remaining 

in  factory 

June  .';0, 

1892. 


3,869 


254,166 
20, 753 
40,  493 
10, 827 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


213 


From  July  1, 1892,  to  June  30, 1893. 

Districts. 

Produced. 

Withd^a^VI] 
tax -paid. 

Witlidrawn 

for 

export. 

Lost  or 
destroyed. 

Withdrawn  Eemainins 

for  exposi-    in  factory 

tiou  pur-       June  30,' 

poses.              1893. 

60,  307 

288,  310 

G,  C07,  348 

39,  437,  852 

1,121,080 

I'JO,  933 

10,  590,  704 

1, 400,  218 

3,  451,  015 

507,  844 

2,  512,  G92 

689,  329 

56,  883 

292,  179 

5,  278,  329 

39, 094,  OGl 

1,113,011 

178,  302 

10,  305, 402 

1,437,718 

3,451,615 

505,  814 

2,  504,  832 

185, 579 

4,700 

4  724 

1,  629.  019 
352, 8.50 

1,214 

243  8  13 

28,  8->8 

10, 292 

2,  279 

274, 795 

33,  327 

2  000 

Eio"litccntli  Oliio       

7,  8G9 

524,130 

1 

67,  224,  2£8 

64,  403, 875 

2, 785,  494            10, 292 

1,214 

322,911 

o  Including  tlie  State  of  Kliode  Tsland.  No  oleomargarine  -vvas  laanuiactured  in  the  State  of  Con- 
necticut. 

6  Including  the  Indian  Territory  and  the  Territory  of  Olilalioma ;  but  no  oleomargarine  was  mr.uu- 
factuied  in  either  of  tlieso  TeiTitories. 

cincluding  tlie  States  of  Nortli  Dakota  and  Soulli  Dakota;  but  no  oleomargarine  was  manufactured 
in  eitlier  of  these  States. 

The  following  table  of  iH'oductioii  and  total  receipts  fiom  all  oleomar- 
garine sources  for  eacli  fiscal  year  since  >[ovember  1,  188G,  the  date  the 
oleomargarine  law  took  effect,  is  interesting  as  showing  the  extent  of 
operations  in  the  country: 


Produced. 


Ileccivcd. 


On  hand  ISTovember  1,  1886 

During  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1887  (from  Xovcniber  1, 18SG) 

During  tiie  fiscal  year  ended  Juue  30, 1888 

During  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1839 

During  Iho  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1890 

During  tlie  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1891 

During  the  fi.scal  year  ended  June  30, 1892 

During  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1893 

Total 


Foun  ds. 

181,090 
21,513,537 

34.  325, 527 

35,  0G4, 026 
32.  324,  032 
44,  392, 409 
48,304,155 
G7,  224,  2'J8 


•$723, 
861, 
894, 
786, 

1, 077. 

1,200, 

1,  670, 


948.  04 
139.  88 
247.  91 
291.72 
924. 14 
320.  00 
013.  50 


283,989,074   7,283,521.19 


This  product  has  become  a  recognized  article  of  food,  and  its  manu- 
facture one  of  the  establislied  industries  of  the  country.  There  is  in 
nearly  all  the  States  an  increasing  demand  for  it  under  its  proper 
name  and  by  persons  fully  informed  as  to  the  nature  of  the  substance. 
While  it  is  used  as  a  sub.stitute  for  butter,  for  which  it  is  intended,  and 
comes  into  competition  with  the  lower  grades  of  that  article,  its  i)ro- 
duction  and  sale  have  not,  as  shown  by  commercial  reports  and  statis- 
tics, red  need  the  price  of  the  higher  grades  of  butter.  The  most  reli- 
able writers  in  this  country  on  food  products,  and  those  who  have  given 
the  subject  careful  study,  state  that  oleomargarine,  carefully  and  prop- 
erly prepared,  is  a  hoaltliful  article  of  diet  and  a  wholesome  substitute 
for  butter  and  can  be  furnished  at  less  cost.  To  prevent  its  sale  as 
butter,  which  in  appearance  it  so  closely  resembles,  and  to  compel  its 
exposure  for  sale  as  oleomargarine,  the  laws  enacted  for  the  control, of 
the  manufacture  of  and  traffic  in  ii;  should  be  rigidly  enforced.  This 
is  no  less  due  to  the  producers  than  to  the  conkmiers  of  butter,  and 
to  the  public. 


214  PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THE 

BOUNTY  0:T  sugar. 

The  bounty  on  sugar  is  authorized  by  the  tariff  act  of  October  1, 1890, 
cominoiily  kuoNvii  as  the  McKinley  Bill.     The  hiw  provides — 

Tluit  on  and  after  Jnly  first,  ciglitceu  biinilred  and  ninety-one,  and  until  July  first, 
nineteen  liniuhed  and  live,  there  shall  be  paid  from  any  monej's  in  the  Treasury  not 
otlierwise  appropriated,  under  the  provisions  of  section  three  thousand  six  hundred 
and  eij;lity-ninc  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  to  the  ^iroducer  of  sugar,  testing  not  less  than 
ninety  degrees  by  tlie  polariscope,  from  beets,  sorgluun,  or  sugarcane  grown  \y  i  thin  the 
United  States,  or  from  maple  sap  produced  within  the  United  States,  a  bounty  of  two 
cents  per  pound;  and  upon  such  sugar  testingless  than  ninety  degrees  bythepolari- 
scope,  and  not  less  than  eighty  degrees,  a  bounty  of  one  and  three-fourths  cents  per 
pound,  under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue, 
witli  tiie  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  shall  prescribe. 

The  first  requiremeut  necessary  to  be  taken  by  a  sugar  producer 
who  intends  to  apply  for  the  bounty  is  to  file,  prior  to  July  1  of  each 
year,  witli  the  Coniniissiouer  of  Internal  lieveuue,  a  notice  of  the  place 
of  production,  Avith  a  general  description  of  the  machinery  and  methods 
to  be  employed  by  him,  with  an  estimate  of  the  amount  of  sugar  pro- 
posed to  be  produced  in  the  current  or  next  ensuing  year,  including 
the  number  of  maple  trees  to  be  tapped,  and  nuike  au  application  for  a 
license,  wliich  notice  and  application  must  be  accompanied  by  a  bond 
in  the  prescribed  amount.  TTpon  receiving  the  papers,  if  the  same  are 
satisfactory  and  approved,  a  license  is  issued  by  the  Commissioner. 

After  the  sugar  has  been  produced  and  placed  in  the  required  pack- 
ages it  is  weighed  by  deputy  collectors  appoiuted  by  the  collectors  of 
the  respective  districts,  eith.er  at  the  i)lace  of  i^roduction  or  at  desig- 
nated central  stations,  and  samples  are  taken  for  the  inspection  of  the 
officer  whose  duty  it  is  to  determine  the  classification. 

It  is  necessary  under  the  law  to  classify  the  sugar  for  x^ayment  of 
the  bounty  according  to  the  polariscopic  test.  The  utmost  care  is 
required  in  the  use  of  the  polariscope  and  other  apparatus  connected 
with  it  to  secure  accuracy. 

All  weights,  fiasks.  polariscope  tubes,  and  quartz  control  plates  used 
in  the  work  of  testing  sugar  by  the  polariscope  are  standardized  and 
their  accuiacy  tested  by  the  Office  of  Weights  and  Measures,  U.  S. 
Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey. 

The  law  had  been  in  operation  two  years  July  1,  1893,  and  during 
that  time  the  sum  of  $10,717,208.07  has  been  distributed,  most  of  whi(;h 
has  gone  to  the  producers  of  cane  sugar,  mainly  in  Louisiana.  The 
distribution  of  such  a  large  amount  of  money  has  devolved  upon  this 
office  nmch  work,  requiring  thoroughness  and  system  for  its  successful 
performance. 

There  wereC,7o3  sugar  producers  licensed  to  manufacture  sugar  dur- 
ing the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  and  the  sum  of  69,375,130.88 
was  paid  as  bounty  upon  482,125,081  pounds  of  sugar. 

The  work  of  weighing,  sami)ling,  and  testing  so  large  a  quantity  of 
sugar,  examining  the  books  and  returns  of  weighers  and  sugar  pro- 
ducers, iusi)ecting  the  factories,  and  jx'rforming  the  duties  necessary 
to  carry  out  the  law  and  regulations  requires  a  large  number  of  em- 
ployes during  the  sugar-makiug  season. 

*  *  '      *  *  *  #  *  ' 

The  expense  of  paying  the  bounty  last  year  was,  as  nearly  as  can  be 
estimateti,  as  follows: 

Additional  deputies,  clerks,  and  emploj'cs $97,890.  33 

Laboratory  supplies,  etc 1,  26.5. 01 

Sugar  ins])ectors 30,  260.  93 

Salaries  of  clerks,  etc.,  in  office  of  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue 9, 170.  00 

Total 138,586.27 

being-  -$9,245.34  less  than  the  x)revious  year. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     215 

Certain  expenses  can  not  always  be  exactly  proportioned  between 
tlie  sngar-bonnty  work  and  the  general  work  of  the  Internal  Eevenue 
Service. 

NUMBER  OF  SUGAR  PRODUCERS  LICENSED  1891-'92. 

The  number  of  producers  of  sugar  licensed  during  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30,  1893,  was  as  follows: 

Producers  of  sugar  from  sugar  caue =  ...  727 

Producers  of  sugar  from  beets 7 

Producers  of  sugar  from  sorghum 6 

Producers  of  sugar  from  maple  saj) 4,  210 

Total 4,980 

NUMBER  OF  SUGAR  PRODUCERS  LICENSED  lS92-'93. 

The  number  of  producers  of  sugar  licensed  during  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30,  18U3,  was  as  follows: 

Producers  of  sugar  from  sugar  cane 650 

Producers  of  sugar  from  beets 6 

Producers  of  sugar  from  sorghum 2 

Producers  of  sugar  from  maple  ac^p 6,  095 

Total 6,753 

NUMBER  OF  SUGAR  PRODUCERS  WHO  HAVE  APPLIED  FOR  LICENSE  FOR 
THE  YEAR  ENDING  JUNE  30,  1894. 

Prod  ucers  of  sugar  from  sugar  caue 584 

Producers  of  sugar  from  beets 7 

Producers  of  sugar  from  sorghum 2 

Producers  of  sugar  froiu  mai)lc  hap 6,  012 

Total 6,  605 

******* 

NujiBER  OF  Sugar  Producehs  ix  the  Uxited  States  who  weue  Licexsed  to 
Maxufacture  Sugar  durixg  the  Fiscal  Year  exded  Juxe  30,  1893,  uxder 
THE  Act  of  Octoijer  1,  1890. 


Maine 

!New  Kampsliire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts. . . 

Kew  iTork 

Pennsylvania 

Marj-land 

AVest  Virginia. . . 

Ohio 

Illinois 

Michigan 

]VIinnesota 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Nebraska 

TFtah 

("alifornia 

Florida 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Mississippi 


Total . 


States. 


Maple. 


1 

IGG 

3,  7-J9 

40 

1,  If'.O 

207 

S8 

11 

44n 

120 

11 

1 


Sugar 
cane. 


JBeets.    iSorffhum. 


C,  093 


10 

017 

10 

1 


Total  number  of  licensed  producers,  6,153. 


21G 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


BOUNTY  ON  SUGAR  PAID  DURING  THE  FISCAL  YEAR  ENDED  JUNE  30, 1893. 

Tlie  sum  of  §9,375,130.88  was  i^aid  as  bounty  clnriug  the  year  entled 
June  30,  1893,  as  follows : 

1.  Bounty  paid  on  caue  sugar: 

Louisiana $8,  584,  865.  54 

Texas 174,943.90 

Florida 3,  9G0.  45 

Mi.ssissippi 60. 80 

Total 8,763,830.75 

2.  Bounty  paid  on  beet  sugar:  ~~~' 

California 425,  723.  81 

Nebraska 76, 170.  00 

Utah 29,470.00 

Total 531,363.81 

3.  Bounty  paid  on  sorgbum  sugar: 

Kansas 19,  798.  00 

Minnesota 19.  00 

Total 19,  817.  00 

4.  Bounty  paid  on  maiile  sugar : 

Jlaine 51.42 

New  Hampsbire 1, 127.  36 

Vermont 36,  225.  23 

New  York 11,  703. 90 

Pennsylvania 4,  234.  57 

Maryland 2, 131.  28 

West  Virginia 153. 48 

-Ohio 3,501.63 

Michigan 908.  99 

Minnesota 69. 95 

Iowa 11.51 

Total 60,119.32 

Total  bounty  paid 9, 375, 130.  88 

AMorxT  OF  Bounty  ox  Sugar  Paid  during  the  Past  Two  Fiscal  Years  ended 

June   30,    1893,  axd    the   States   axd   Territories   ik  wmcu  the   Pauties 
Receiving  Bounty  were  Licensed. 


Bounty  paid. 

1891-'92. 

1892-'93. 

On  cano  sugar: 

Loaisiaiia .' 

$6,  882,  589. 83 

176,  liOl.  73 

18.  233. 79 

190.  80 

$8, 584.  805.  U 
174,  943.  90 

Florida 

3,  900. 45 

UJ.  86 

Total  on  cane 

7,077,316.21 

8. 763, 830. 75 

On  beet  sugar: 

103,510.56 
54.  090. 00 
21,  898.  00 

425,  723.  81 

76, 170. 00 

Utah 

29,  470.  00 

Total  on  beet 

240, 098. 56 

531, 363. 81 

On  sorghum  .sugar: 

Kansas 

22, 1S7. 28 

19,  70S.  00 
19.00 

22, 197. 28 

19,817.00 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


217 


Amount  of  Bounty  on  Sugar  Paid  during  the  Past  Two  Fiscal  Years  ended 
June  30,  1893,  etc.— Continned. 


On  maple  sugar: 

Maiue 

Nev,'  Uampsliire. 

Vermont 

ilassacbusette. . . 

New  Toi-k 

Pennsylvania 

Maryland 

"West  Virginia... 

Oliio 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Iowa 


Total  on  maple 
Grand  total 


Bounty  paid. 


1891-92. 


$121.  53 

1, 151. 15 

U2. 15 


1,  050. 86 


2, 465. 74 


7,  342, 077. 79 


1892-'93. 


.$51.  42 
1, 127.  30 
36,  225.  23 


11,703.90 

4, 234.  57 

2, 131.  2S 

153. 48 

3,  501. 63 

903.  99 

00.95 

11.51 


60, 119.  32 


9,  375, 130. 88 


SUGAR  PRODUCTION  1892-'03. 

The  in'oduction  for  tbe  year  1892-93  of  sugar  of  all  kinds  was,  accord- 
ing to  reports  and  estimates,  as  follows: 

Canes\i;^ar:  Pounds. 

Louisiana 445,  854,  797 

Mississippi 3,  043 

Texas 9,  0G8,  077 

Florida 215, 464       Pounds. 

. 455, 14 1,  381 

Beet  su'iar: 

California 21,  801,  288 

Nebra.ska 3,  808,  500 

Utah 1,  473,  500 

27,083,288 

Sorgbiun  sugar: 

Kansas 1, 026, 100 

Maple  sugar  (estimated) 32,  000,  000 

Total  production  in  tlie  United  States 515,  2.50,  769 

Tlie  estimate  of  the  maple-sugar  production  is  based  on  the  census 
returns  of  1890. 

The  quantity  of  sugar  reported  as  produced  during  the  year  does  not 
correspond  with  that  upon  which  bounty  was  paid.  Some  of  the  sugar 
produced  tested  below  80°,  as  stated ;  bounty  was  also  paid  iq^on  some 
sugar  produced  during  the  previous  year,  and  a  considerable  number 
of  claims  for  bounty  on  sugar  i^roduced  last  year  were  not  received 
prior  to  July  1  and  will  be  included  in  the  accounts  for  the  cuirenfc 
fiscal  year. 

BEET-SUGAR  FACTORIES. 


The  sugar-juoducing  season  of  1892-'93  commenced  July  31  with  beets. 
The  Chiuo  Valley  Beet  Sugar  Company,  Chino,  Cal., commenced  on  that 
date. 

Six  beet- sugar  factories  were  in  operation  during  the  past  year,  as 
follows:  The  Utah  Sugar  Comx^any,  Lehi,  Utah;  Alameda  Sugar  Com- 


218 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


pany,  Alvaiado,  Cal. ;   Western  Beet   Sugar   Company,  Watson ville, . 
Cal.;  Chlno  Valley  Beet  Sugar  Company,  Chino,  Cal.;  Oxnard  Beet 
Sugar  Company,  Grand  Island,  ISTeb.,  and.  Norfolk   Beet  Sugar  Com- 
pany, Norfolk,  Neb. 

The  same  comi)anies  liavc  been  licensed  for  the  year  1893-'94,  and 
also  the  firm  of  O.  K.  Lapbam  &  Co.,  Staunton,  Va. 

The  amount  of  beet  sugar  produced  in  the  United  States  during  tbe 
season  of  lS92-'93  was  27,083,288  pounds. 

Sugar  produced  testing  90^  or  over  by  the  polariscopo i>ounds..     22,  962,  516 

Sugar  produced  testing  80'='  to  90= do ... .       4, 120,  772 

Total do ... .     27,  083,  288 

Total  boimf  y  paid $531,  363. 81 

A  comparison  of  the  production  with  that  of  the  previous  year  by 
localities  sho',YS  that  the  greatest  increase  in  production  was  in  Cali- 
fornia, as  follows: 


Place  of  proiluction. 


Production. 


1891-'92.     I    1892-'93. 


"Utali 

California  . 
Nebraska. 


Pounds.     I  Pounds:. 

1,094-,  EOO  :  1'473,  r,oo 

8, 175,  4o8  ,  21,  801, 288 

2,  734, 500  '  3, 808,  500 


Tot.il 

Increase  of  production  of  1892  over  1891. 


12, 004,  8r;3 


27, 083, 288 
15,  078, 450 


The  three  beet-sugar  factories  in  California  consumed  9,070  acres  ot 
beets,  making  2,403.7  pounds  of  sugar  per  acre  of  beets. 

The  two  Nebraska  factories  consumed  2,908  acres  of  beets,  making 
1,283.2  pounds  of  sugar  per  acre. 

The  Utah  factory  consumed  1,090  acres  of  beets,  making  1,351.8 
pounds  of  sugar  per  acre. 

The  tons  of  beets  consumed  in  the  production  of  sugar  was  as  fol- 
lows: 

California 95,  703.  9 

Nebraska 23,  367.  5 

Utah 9,  816 

Total 128,887.4 

The  beet-sugar  factories  reported  24,793  acres  of  beets  under  culti- 
vation for  this  year's  crop  and  estimated  the  amount  of  sugar  to  be 
produced  at  57,200,000  pounds. 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  acres  under  cultivation  in  each 
State  and  the  estimated  production: 

13i:kt  Sugau,  1893-'94. 


Acres  of 
beets  under 
cultivation. 

Snjrrir  pro- 
posed to  be 
produced. 

Utah ..                        

3,500 

15, 993 

4,900 

400 

Pounds.  ' 
a,  000,  000 
43,  501),  000 

7,  OCO.  000 
7U0,  000 

Total 

24,793 

57, 200, 000 

REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  219 

The  estimate  of  production  made  by  the  producers  at  the  date  of 
application  for  license  is  always  in  excess  of  the  actual  result.  It  is 
what  they  hope  to  make  if  all  conditions  are  favorable.  The  quantity 
of  beets  consumed  in  manufacture  does  not  equal  that  under  cultiva- 
tion. There  is  a  loss  on  account  of  improper  cultivation,  from  insects 
or  the  elements — frost,  excessive  rains,  Avinds,  etc. — so  that  all  the  beets 
cultivated  will  not  be  used  for  making  sugar.  There  were  17,314  acres 
cultivated  last  year  and  the  factories  ]n'oposed  to  make  48,500,000 
pounds  of  sugar.  The  result  showed  13,128  acres  consumed  and  27,083,- 
288  pounds  of  sugar  produced.  The  per  (;ent  of  sugar  contained  in  the 
beets  can  not  be  determined  in  advance.  The  condition  of  the  beets 
now  being  harvested  for  this  year's  crop  is  for  the  most  part  good. 
The  actual  i)roduction  of  sugar  will  probably  reach  40,000,000  or 
45,000.000  pounds  judging  from  the  present  outlook. 

Summary  of  Operations  of  Bket-Sugau  Factories,  1892-93. 

Total  uumber  of  factories 6 

Average  number  of  days  in  operation 82 

Number  of  emjiloj'ds 887 

Acres  of  beets  used 13, 128 

Tons  of  beets  used 128,  887.  4 

Average  yield  in  tons  per  acre 9.8 

Quantity  of  sugar  made pounds . .  27,  083,  -88 

Sugar  made  per  ton  of  beets do 210. 1 

Sngar  made  per  acre  of  beets do 2,  063 

Number  of  packages: 

Barrels 11,988 

Bags 177,  423 

Qiiantity  of  molasses  left  over  for  iurtlier  treatment .gallons . .  901,  280 

Estimated  amount  of  sugar  capable  of  being  produced  from  material 

left  over „ pounds..  3,  946,  355 

SUaAIl   MADE   FROM   SORGHUM. 

There  were  only  two  sorghum-sugar  factories  in  operation  during  the 
past  year:  the  Medicine  Lodge  Sugar  Company,  Limited,  Medicine 
Lodge,  Kan.,  and  the  Parkinson  Sugar  Company,  Fort  Scott,  Kan. 
They  were  in  operation  an  average  of  forty-nine  and  one-half  days, 
produced  1,020,100  pounds  of  sugar,  and  received  $19,798  as  bounty.* 

They  have  been  licensed  for  the  current  year  and  report  3,953  acres 
of  cane  under  cultivation. 

*  Besides  this  the  suni  of  $19  was  paid  to  a  producer  in  Minnesota,  licensed  last  j-e.ar. 
******* 


220 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


VIII.— Sir.AK  Cnops  of  tiik  Woui.i\  ix  Tons  of  2,2-10  Pounds. 

[AVillelt  &  Gi'iiy's  estimates  of  cane  suaar  crops,  Xoveuibcr,  1S93.] 


Uiiitoil  States  (beets  20,000) 

Canada  (bcc^ts) 

Spaiiiab  West  Indies: 

Cuba 

Puerto  Rico 

Britisli  Wfst  Indies : 

Trinidad 

Barbados 

Jamaica 

Antifrna  and  St.  Kitts 

rren('h  West  Indies: 

!M:irliniqiic 

Giia'luloupo 

Danisli  West  Indies — St.  Croix 

Haiti  and  San  Domingo 

Lesser  Antilles,  not  named  above. 

Mexico 

Central  America : 

San  Salvador 

Nicarairua 

British  Honduras  (Belize) 

South  America: 

British  Guiana  (Demerara) 

Dutch  Guiana  (Surinam) 

French  Guiana 

Venezuela 

Peru 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 


Total  in  America 


Asia: 

British  India — exports ". 

Siam 

Java 

Japan  (consumption  125,000  tons, mostly  imported) 

Philippine  Islands 

Cochin  China 


Total  in  Asia  . 


Australia  and  Polynesia : 

Queensl;ind 

Isew  South  Wales 

Hawaiian  Islands 

Fiji  Ishinds 


Total  in  Australia  and  Polynesia. 


Africa : 

Egypt 

ilaurilius  and  other  British  Possessions 
Reunion  and  other  French  Possessions  . 


Total  in  Africa. 
Europe— Spain 


Total  cane  .sugar  production 

Total  beet  sugar  production  (Licht) 

Grand  total  cane  and  beet  sugar  production. 
Estimated  increase  in  the  world's  production 


1893-'91. 


260,  000 
300 

925, 000 
eo,  000 

53,  000 
63,  000 
30,  000 
25,  000 

32,  000 
40,  000 
12,  000 
22, 000 
8,000 
2,000 

500 
500 
200 

120,  000 
4,000 


05,  000 

40,  000 

225, 000 


1,  989,  500 


50,  000 

7,000 

485,  000 


265,  000 
30,  000 


250,  000 
300 

838,  000 
50,  000 

52,  000 
60, 000 
25,  000 
24,000 

34,  000 

42,  000 

9,000 

20,  000 

8,  000 

2,000 

500 
500 
200 

120, 000 
4,000 


67,  000 
40,  000 
200, 000 


]80]-'92. 


218,  725 
500 

995.  330 

70,  000 

50,  903 
52,  677 
27,  557 
30,  000 

20,  000 
40,000 
10,  000 
24,  000 

10,  o;)() 

2,000 

500 
500 
200 

114,  075 

4,000 


50.  000 
40,  000 
185.  000 


1, 846,  500    1,  952,  063 


50,  000 

7,000 

485,  000 


60,  000 

7,  000 

485,  OCO 


.270.  OCO 
30,  COO 


247,  000 
30, 000 


837, 000 


65.  000 
35,  o';o 
140, 000 
10,  000 


60,  600 

32,  000 

135,  000 

10,  OUO 


250,  000 


237,  600 


50, 431 

32,  000 

115,598 

13,  000 


211,029 


62,  000 
125,  000 
37,  000 


7,110,000 
577,  900 


60,  000 
75,  000 
35,  GOO 


170,  000 
20,  000 


55,  000 
114,  000 

40,  000 

209.  OCO 
20,  000 


3,110,100 
3,  410,  COO 


6,  532, 100 


3,221,012 
3,501,920 


6,  722, 9  ;2 


I  have  the  liouor  to  be,  very  respectfully, 

Hou.  J.  G.  Carlisle, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


Jos.  S.  Miller, 

Commissioner. 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     221 

EEPORT  OF  THE  REGISTER. 

Treasury  Department, 

Office  of  the  EEaisTER, 
WasMngton,  B.  C,  October  31,  1893. 
Sir:  I  liave  the  honor  to  submit  the  annual  report  of  the  business 
of  this  office  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893. 

My  connection  with  the  office  dates  from  July  1,  1893.  This  entire 
report,  therefore,  covers  the  work  of  this  office  under  the  efficient  man- 
agement of  my  i)redecessor,  Gen.  W.  S.  Rosecrans. 

The  business  of  the  office  has  been  conducted  with  a  force  of  108 
persons,  at  a  cost  of  $139,750. 

:ji:  «  #  #  #  «  « 

EECAPITULATIOX. 

From  the  foregoing  it  is  slio-mi  tliat  on  June  3'J,  1802,  tlio  Uniteil  States 

Treasury  contained $778,  604,  339.  28 

During  tlie  fiscal  year  1893  tliere  was  received  from — 

Customs 203,  355,  010. 73 

Internal  revenue 161,027.023.93 

S:Ue  of  public  lands 3, 182,  080. 78 

Issues  of  gold  and  silver  certificates,  certificates  of  deposit,   legal 

tenders,  treasury  notes  of  189J,  and  funded  loan  of  1907 3-14, 114, 0C3.  00 

Fund  for  redemption  of  notes  of  national  banks 2.  937,  580.  00 

other  sources 18,254,803.34 

$1,511,475,554.00 

Expenditures  for  the  rear,  summarized,  were — 

Civil  and  miscellaneous 103, 7.32,  799. 27 

War  Department,  including  rivers  and  harliors -19,  041,  773. 47 

Navy  Department 30, 13G,  0S4. 43 

Interior  Department,  including  pensions 172.702,  9j5.  14 

Interest  on  the  public  debt 27,  284,  392. 18 

Redemption  of   gold   and  silver  certificates,  legal  tenders,   and 

other  evidences  of  public  debt 389,  530, 044. 50 

773,007.908.99 

Leaving  in  the  Treasury  June  30,  1893   (inclusive  of  $28,101,644. 91  unavailable 

funds  deposited  with  the  States) 738,  467,  555.  07 

******* 

J.  Fount  Tillman,  Register. 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER  OF  CUSTOMS. 

Treasury  Department, 
Office  of  Commissioner  of  Customs, 

WasMngton,  D.  C,  Octoher  16,  1S93. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  lierewith  for  your  information   a 
statement  of  the  business  of  this  office  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1893: 

Auilitor's  certificates  on  Land  Jnly  1,  1892 161 

Antlitor's  certificates  received 6,  274 

6, 435 

Auditor's  certificates  examined  and  passed 6, 135 

Auditor's  certificates  canceled 2 

6, 137 

Auditor's  certificates  on  hand  June  30,  1893 298 

Accounts  on  hand  July  1, 1892 350 

Accounts  received  from  First  Auditor 16,  632 

16, 982 

Accounts  adjusted 16,  216 

Accounts  returned  to  tlie  First  Auditor 4 

16, 220 

Accounts  on  hand  June  30,  1893 762 


222 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Estimates  received  and  examiuetl 

Kequisiiions  issued 

Aniouut  involved  in  requisitions 

Letters  received 

jetters  written 

Letters  recorded 

Stubs  of  receipts  for  duties  and  fees  returned  by  collectors 

Stubs  of  receipts  for  duties  and  fees  examined  and  summarized. 

Tonnage  stubs  received  and  entered '. . 

Tonnage  stubs  examined 

Aiulitor's  certificates  registered 

Auditor's  certificates  recorded 

Auditor's  certificates  checked  by  the  stubs 

Appointments  registered 

Oaths  examined  and  registered 

Ofiicial  bonds  examined  and  ap}iroved 

Commissions  transmitted 

Papers  filed,  noted,  and  referred 

AttornevB  registered * 


2,  695 

2,  695 

,  $16,536,915.31 

21,  264 

8,  839 

9,  228 
190, 107 
171.  829 

13,  394 

32,956 

6,  269 

5,  956 

2,  951 

4, 906 

2, 134 

43 

42 

18,  372 

190 

There  was  paid  into  the  Tre'asury  from  sources  the  accounts  relating 
to  which  are  settled  in  this  office: 

Duties  on  merchandise $202,  815, 174.60 

Unclaimed  merchandise 

Tonnage 

Services  of  United  States  officers .* 

Weighing  fees 

Mileage  of  examiners 

Labor,  drayage,  and  storage 

Customs  officers'  fees 

Fines,  penalties,  and  forfeitures 

Emolument  fees 

Immigration  fund 

Deatlis  on  shipboard , 

Proceeds  of  Government  property  sold 

Penalties  for  violation  of  imniigratiim  act  of  March  3,  1893 

Penalties  for  importing  laborers  under  contract 

Kc)it 

Interest  

Lost  keys 


608.  99 

539,  233. 14 

286,  326.  24 

37,  140. 59 

2,  679. 25 

09, 184. 74 

92,  358.  85 

221,  652.  87 

97.577.31 

288,  219.  68 

!f70. 00 

3, 199.  73 

20.00 

1,  883.  90 

4,  868. 15 

1, 175.  84 

63.50 


$204,  462,  337.  41 


licnt. 


Alaska,  E.  T.  Hatch,  collector 

Genesee,  N.  Y.,  H.  Hebiug,  collector 

New  Orleans,  La.,  H.  C.  Warmoth,  collector. 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  T.  G.  Phelps,  collector.. 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  J.  H.  Wise,  collector 


$1,  393.  90 

100.  00 

195. 00 

2,  905.  25 

274.  00 


Inl  crest. 


New  York,  N.  Y.,  F.  Hendricks,  collector. 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  T.  V.  Cooi^er,  collector 


$4,  868. 15 


$102.  67 
1,  073. 17 


$1,175.84 
And  there  was  paid  out  of  the  Treasury  on  the  following  accounts: 

ExiJcnscs  of  collecting  revenue  from  customs $6,  756,  790,  S8 


Expenses  of  revenue-cutter  service. 

Expenses  of  regulating  immigration 

Expenses  of  local  appraisers  at  quarterly  meetings. 

Marine  Hospital  Service 

Life-Saving  Service 

Quarantine  Service 

Coustruction  and  maintenance  of  lights 

Compensation  in  lieu  of  moieties 

Excess  of  deposits 

Debentures,  drawbacks,  etc 


922,  097.  36 

228,  975. 29 

1,  002.  06 

538,461.22 

1,  244,  925. 56 

85, 894. 2S 

2,  702,  864.  96 

34,  802.  69 
2,  898,  370. 14 
3, 574,  151.  72 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  TREASURY.     223 

Salaries,  etc.,  a;[;ents  at  seal  fislierics,  Alaska $11,168.27 

Statistics  relating  to  fur  industries  and  natives  of  Alaska 3,  SCO.  00 

Supplies  of  native  inhabitants  of  Alaska 5,  687.  32 

Protection  of  seal  and  salmon  fisheries  of  Alaska 2,  222.  04 

Expenses  of  U.  S.  steamer  A  IJjatross  in  Alaskan  Avaters 5,  5G3.  58 

Qi'.arautino  station  for  neat  cattle : 15, 183.  63 

San  Francisco  quarantine  funiiiiating  steamer 5,  500. 00 

Key  West  rjnarantine  disinfecting-  macliincry 5, 000. 00 

Enforcement  of  the  Chinese  exclusion  act 7G,  237.53 

Enforcement  of  alien  contract  laboj  laws 61,  954. 12 

Detection  and  prevention  of  frauds  upon  customs  revenue 39,  285.  38 

Revenue  steamers 45,  512. 47 

Proceeds  of  goods  seized  and  sold,  refunded 469. 17 

Extra  pay  to  revenue-cutter  officers  and  seamen  in  ^Mexican  War. . .  48. 00 

Unclaimed  merchandise 5,  930.  93 

Refunding  moneys  erroneously  received  and  covered  into  Treasury.  902.09 

Refunding  penalties  and  charges  erroneously  exacted 11,  097. 44 

Services  to  American  vessels 24,  393.  34 

Salaries,  shipping  service GO,  527.  52 

Admission  of  foreign  goods  to  AVorld's  Colr.mLian  Exposition 8, 296.  74 

Remission  of  penalties  on  light-house  steamer  I'ansij 1,  250. 00 

Relief  of— 

Dabney,  Simmons  &  Co 976.  GO 

Old  Dominion  Steamship  Co 1, 166.  66 

Refund  to — 

Master  of  steamer  Harry  CoUrcll 20.00 

Benham  &  Doville 90.  00 

Waddle  Bros,  and  O.  C.  McCreary 100. 00 

Heirs  of  Charles  Wilson 10.  00 

Ida  F.  Howes \ 100.  00 

Estate  of  Gustavo  Freyberg 57.  70 

Reimbursement  to — 

North- American  Commercial  Company 7,  387.  90 

Keeper  of  Point  Aux  Barques  life-saving  station 75.  00 

Refund  of  duties  on  wreckage  of  ships  Trenton  and  Fandalia 7, 128.  00 

Payments  to — 

Louis  des  Beins 40.00 

George  S.  Prindle,  for  legal  services 75.  00 

Macmastcr  &  McGibbon,  for  legal  services 1,  050. 25 

$19,  399,  733. 00 
Deduct  repayment    carried    to   surplus    lund,    compensation    and 
expenses  of  taritf  commission 1,  500. 00 

$19,  398,  233.  00 

The  attention  of  the  Department  from  time  to  time  has  been  called 
to  the  cumbrous  and  unequal  manner  in  wliich  the  law  deals  with  the 
compensation  of  collectors  of  customs,  or  surveyors  of  customs  acting- 
c^s  collectors,  and  this  apx)ears  to  me  to  be  a  matter  of  such  moment 
that  I  again  refer  to  it  in  the  hojie  that  Congressional  action  may  be 
taken  to  remedy  some  of  the  present  defects. 

The  original  plan  appears  to  have  been  that  collectors  should  eacli 
liave  a  small  salary,  all  official  fees  earned  and  a  commission  on  all 
Customs  money  collected,  at  a  rate  fixed  by  law  for  each  port  and 
based  on  the  business  of  each  customs  district,  and  the  collector  was 
to  furnish  clerk  hire,  oflice  room,  stationery,  light,  and  fuel.  Certain 
other  exjienses  vs'ere  to  be  jiaid  from  the  revenue  collected.  By  this 
arrangement  the  collector's  gains  were  witliont  limit.  On  April  30, 
1802,  the  law  (2d  S.  172)  limited  the  earnings  of  any  collector  to  $5,000 
a  year;  a  further  limitation  to  $3,000  a  year,  which  is  still  in  force,  is 
provided  by  the  act  of  May  7,  1822  (3d  S,  094).  The  receipts  of  cus- 
toms ofiicers  from  salary,  fees,  and  commissions,  technically  termed 
"emoluments,"  were,  as  time  went  on,  found  inadequate  to  the  burden 
of  expenses  laid  upon  them  by  law,  and  general  and  speeiiic  acts  of 
Congress  were  passed  to  lighten  the  burden;  not  indeed,  induced  by 
any  general  plan,  but  by  individual  cases  until  at  the  present  time 


224 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


tliesG  sources  of  emoluments  are  liable  only  for  tlie  compensation  of 
the  ol'ticcrs. 


Tlii.s  condition  can  only  be  remedied  by  tlie  action  of  Congress,  and 
a  relbrm  could  best  be  accomplished  by  a  law  redistricting  the  customs 
collection  districts,  abolisbiug  all  fees,  and  giving  fixed  salaries  to  tbe 
several  collectors. 

******* 


Respectfully,  yours, 


The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


Wm.  H.  PuGn, 

Commissioner  of  Gustoms. 


EEPORT  OF  THE  FIEST  AUDITOR. 

Treasury  Department, 
First  Auditor's  Oeeice, 

Washington,  October  1,  1893. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  the  annual  report  of  this 
bureau  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893. 

Attention  is  called  to  the  following  exhibits  of  the  business  trans- 
acted in  this  ofiice  during  the  year: 

RECEIPTS. 


Accounts  adjusted. 


No.  of 
accounts 


Amounts. 


etc. 


Dufies  on  merchandise  and  tonnage 

Eiiies,  penalties,  and  forfeitures 

Mariiie-irosintal  collections 

Immigration  fees 

lleceipts  on  emolument  accounts 

Money  received  on  account  of  deceased  passengers 

Money  received  from  sale  of  old  material,  public  document 

Miscellaneous  receipts 

Epidemic  diseases ; 

Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  for  moneys  received 

Minis  and  assay  offices,  account  of  gold  and  silver  bullion 

Accounts  of  the  collector  of  taxes  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  for  taxes 
collected  by  him  on  account  of  the  general  fund  and  deposited 

Accounts  of  the  collector  of  taxes  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  for  taxes 
collected  by  him  on  account  of  the  water  fund 

Account  sliowing  tlie  net  receipts  deposited  by  the  recorder  of  deeds. Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  during  the  period  from  January  1  to  March  31,  1893. . 

Account  showing  the  revenue  collected  by,  and  the  appropriations,  re- 
pavments.  and  advances  made  on  account  of  the  geuoral  expenses  of 
the  District  of  Columbia  from  July  1,  1889,  to  June  30,  1892,  and  the 
balance  in  United  States  Treasury  on  the  latter  date 

Copyrigh t  catalogues 

Coj)yright  fees 

Quai-antiuc  stations 

Manufacture  of  medals 

Tolls,  St.  Mary's  Canal 


1,385 

784 

53 

204 


$233, 907,  618.  92 

251,  33,5. 40 

4,  513. 89 

27G,30!..50 

643,  91 G.  41 

7','0.  00 

88, 0.32.  09 

100,929.  Iti 

1,627.49 

757,  057,  790.  54 

101,  309,  418.  64 

2,  723,  317.  67 

301, 701. 09 

3, 0G8.  31 


9, 356,  248.  89 

350. 00 

52,  781.  79 

043. 23 

2,  600. 21 

35, 249. 90 


Total . 


3,017  I     1,106,118,228.22 

I 


DISBUESEMEICTS. 


LECiIST,ATI^^J. 

United  States  Senate. 

Coni])ensation  of  the  President  of  the  Senate.. 

Salaries  and  mileage  of  Senators 

Salaries,  officers  and  employes 

One  month's  extra  pay  to  officers  and  employfis 
Contingent  expenses:' 

Stationery  and  newspapers 

Fuel  for  heating  apparatus 

Fumituro  and  repairs 


$8,  000.  00 
491,92.5.42 
440,  7S5.  41 

43, 522.  28 

17, 975.  89 
10, 527. 45 
17,  515.  62 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 
DISBUESEMEKTS -Continued. 


225 


Accounts  adjusted. 


Ko.  of 

accounts, 


Amounts. 


LEGISLATIVE— continued. 

Vnited  States  Senate — Continued. 

Contingent  expenses — Continued. 

roiding  documents. 

Materials  for  iblding 

Packing  boxes 

Expenses  of  special  and  select  comr.iittees 

Miscellaneous  iteras 

Salaries  of  Capitol  police 

Capi  tol  police,  contingent  fund  

Keporting  proceedings  and  debates 

Compiling  Congressional  Directory 

Postage ■ 

Expenses  of  inaugural  ceremonies,  1893 

Payment  to  legal  representatives  of  Hon.  John  S.  Barbour , 

Payment  to  ex-Senator  Alexander  ^^IcDonald 

Payment  to  W.  H.  II.  Hart 

Payment  to  Cbas.  Han'oack 

Payment  to  -widow  of  J.  G.  Merritt 

Payment  to  A.  "W.  Church,  for  indexing  Congressional  documents 

Keimbursemcnt  to  oflicial  reporter '. 

Payment  to  widow  of  Hon.  John  E.  Kenna 


House  of  Representatives. 

Salaries  and  mileage  of  Mem bcrs  and  Delegates 

Salaries,  officers  and  employes 

One  month's  extra  pay  to  officers  and  employes 

Contingent  expenses : 

Stationery  and  uev.'spapers 

Fuel  for  heating  apparatus 

Furniture  and  repairs 

Material  for  folding 

Miscellaneous  items 

Packing  boxes 

Postage 

Salaries  of  Capitol  police 

Compiling  testimony  in  contested  election  cases 

Ueporting  hearings  and  testimony 

Reimbursement  to  official  reporters  and  stenographers. 
Payment  to— 

WidowofHon.  J.  W.Kendall 

Widow  of  Hon.  W.  H.  F.  Lee 

Widow  of  Hon.  E.  F.  ilcDonald 

Widow  of  Hon.  Alex.  K.  Craig 

Widow  of  Hon.  M.  H.  Ford 

Widow  of  Hon.  John  K.  Gamble 

Widow  of  Hon.  F.  15.  Spinola 

Widow  of  Hon.  James  Phelan 

Widow  and  minor  children  of  Hon.  L.  C.  Houk 

Legal  heirs  of  Hon.  E.  T.  Stackhousc 

D.  S.  Porter 

R.  15.  Palmer 

J.  T.  Waterman 

EU  Banks  and  Charles  Carter 

G.  L.  Browning  and  A.  Gibbs 

J.  M.  Carson 

A.  M.  Murray 

E.  F.  Doyle 

T.  F.  Dennis 

J.  AY.  Daniel 

Relief  of  heirs  of  J.  R.  Trcntlen  


Offize  of  Public  rrinter. 

Public  printing  and  binding 

I/ihrary  of  Congress. 


Salaries 

Increase  of  library  . . 
Contingent  expenses 
Catalogue  of  library. 


Botanic  Garden. 


Salaries 

Improving  Botanic  Garden. 
Improving  buildings 


6 

.$4,  488.  01 

4 

13,  86(3. 09 

4 

1,  022.  72 

10 

52,251.72 

14 

52, 156.  54 

3 

19, 400.  00 

1 

14.65 

5 

25,  COi).  00 

2 

1,  20!J.  00 

3 

300.  00 

1 

2,  i'j9.  13 

1 

5,  00.1.  00 

1 

6,  502.  29 

1 

517.  50 

1 

500.  00 

1 

]5:i.C0 

1 

1,00(1.00 

1 

5,  000.  00 

1 

5,  000. 00 

16 

1,  002, 283. 10 

28 

443, 790. 12 

1 

42, 499. 96 

7 

64,  665.  38 

6 

8,  200.  08 

7 

5,  207. 90 

7 

23,  ,505.  37 

12 

49, 407.  84 

4 

6,  004.  70 

6 

500.  70 

2 

19,  400.  00 

4 

2, 500.  00 

3 

840.  05 

1 

7, 000.  00 

4, 945.  24 

5,  000.  00 

2,  893.  38 

2, 983.  28 

5, 000  00 

5,0(i0.00 

5,  000.  00 

403.  37 

5,  000.  00 

4,014.10 

2O0.  09 

174. 00 

400.  00 

120.  00 

600.  00 

500.  00 

200.  00 

46.62 

500.  00 

300.  00 

333.  33 

352 

6,  036, 186. 16 

8 

63,  792.  ?S 

17 

9,  083.  25 

10 

1.720.29 

2 

1,  830.  30 

6 

16,  080.  70 

13 

5,504.31 

3 

3,  540.  39 

Ab.  93 15 


22G 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

DISBUESEMENTS— Continued. 


Accounts  ailjustctl. 


jSTo.  of 
accounts, 


Amounts. 


LEGISLATIVE— continued. 

Court  of  Claims. 

Salaries,  .jul;;es,  etc 

Contingent  expenses 

Pa^^ncI)t  of  .indgnicnts 

Reporting  decisions,  Court  of  Claims 

Files  room,  Court  of  Claims 

Legislaiive — miscellaneous. 

Expenses  of  investigation  coEcerning  immigration 

Conveying  votes  of  electors  for  President  and  Vice-President 

Statement  of  appropriations 

Payment  for  contesting  seats  in  Congress 

Works  of  art  for  the  Capitol 

Building  for  Library  ot  Congress 

EXECUnVTE. 

Office  of  the  President. 

Salary  of  tlie  President 

Salaries,  executive  office 

Contingent  expenses 

Civil  Service  Com)nission.. 

Salaries 

Traveling  expenses 

Treasury  Dcimnment. 

Salaries,  office  of — 

Secretar.y 

Supervi.sing  Arcliitect 

Fii^st  Comptroller 

Second  Comptroller 

Second  Comptroller,  accounts  of  Soldiers'  Homo , 

Commissioner  of  Customs 

First  A'.ulitor 

Second  Auditor 

Second  Auditor,  repairing  rolls,  bounty  pay  of  Indians,  soldiers,  etc. 

Second  Auditor,  accounts  of  Soldiers' Home '. . 

Tbird  Aiulitor 

Fonrtb  Auditor , 

Filth  Auditor 

Sixth  Auditor 

Treasurer  of  the  United  States 

Treasurer  (Xational  Currency,  Keimbursable,  permanent) 

Hegister 

Comptroller  of  the  Currency 

Examination  of  National  banks  and  bank  plates 

Salaries,  olHce  of — 

Comptroller  of  Currency  (ISTational  Currency,  Eeimbursable,  perma- 
nent)   

Life-Saving  Service 

Liglit-IIouso  Board 

Salaries,  Bureau  of— 

Navigation,  Treasury  Department 

Statistics 

Collecting  statistics  relating  to  coraracrce 

Salaries — • 

Secret  Service  Division 

Office  of  Sui)ervising  Surgeon-General  Marino  Hospital  Service 

Office  of  Supervising  In.spector-General,  Steamboat  Inspection  Serv- 
ice   .' , 

Office  of  Standard  "Weights  and  Measures 

Contingent  expenses,  office  of  Standard  Weights  and  Measures 

Salaries  Steamboat  Inspection  Service  (permanent) , 

Contingent  expenses  Steamboat  Inspection  Service  (permanent) , 

Salaries  and  expenses  of  special  insj)ectors,  foreign  steam  vessels 
(permanent) 

Treasury  —miscellaneous. 

Contingent  expenses.  Treasury  Department: 

Stationery 

Binding,  newspapers,  etc 

Investigating  accounts  and  traveling  expenses 

Freight,  telegrams,  etc , 


155 

$34, 379.  35 

5 

2,974.60 

228 

717,783.08 

2 

2, 000. 08 

3 

3,  997. 50 

3 

4, 142.  88 

1 

12,  077.  00 

4 

2, 4(;0.  00 

19 

1 

32,  8G9.  C7 

12 

COO,  288. 99 

2 

20O,  000. 00 

1-1 

39,  501.  53 

14 

10,518.84 

12 

33,  270.  33 

32 

C,  7G7.  30 

22 

7-31,971.10 

7 

11,  5S0.  00 

t> 

115.  453.  41 

() 

122,  Oflo.  43 

0 

] ,  64S.  17 

6 

01,280.07 

7 

110,223.09 

14 

291.904.05 

12 

21,212.40 

4 

812.  73 

7 

240, 093. 04 

6 

92,  463.  53 

5 

59. 433. 68 

4 

657,  255. 99 

7 

340, 003. 40 

IH 

76, 155.  50 

11 

208, 805.  76 

C 

128, 052. 43 

11 

713. 10 

6 

20, 932.  GO 

8 

50,410.56 

5 

45, 198.  64 

a 

37,  320.  80 

5 

58,  3.35. 51 

13 

271. 75 

6 

17,429.98 

8 

37,  024.  88 

7 

15,210.00 

21 

7,  2S7. 55 

19 

2,  513. 95 

11 

291,515.09 

322 

43,  514. 84 

29 

320. 84 

7 

03, 613. 12 

10 

2, 710. 23 

4 

91.85 

11 

2,  417. 23 

EEPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 
DISBUESliilEXTS-Continnccl. 


227 


Accounts  adjusted. 


Ko.  of 
accounts 


Amounts. 


Treasury — 2IisceUaneous — Continued. 

Contingent  expenses,  Treasury  Department — Continued. 

Kent , 

Horses,  wagons,  etc 

Ice 

File  holders  and  cases 

Fuel,  etc 

Gas,  etc 

Carpets  and  repairs 

Furniture,  etc 

Miscellaneous  items 

Postage  to  Postal  Union  countries,  Treasury  Department 

Furniture  and  carpets,  office  of  Sixth  Auditor 

File  cases,  office  of  Sixth  Auditor 

Contingentcxpenses.X^ational  Currency,  Treasurer's Otiice,  Pieiiubursablo 

(])ermancnt) 

Sealing  and  separating  United  States  securities 

Expenses  of  national  currency 

Distinctive  pa]>er  for  United  States  securities 

Canceling  United  States  securities  and  cutting  distinctive  paj'cr 

Pay  of  assistant  custodians  and  janitors 

Fuel,  lights,  aud  water  for  public  buildings 

Furniture  and  repairs  of  same,  x>ublic  buildings , 

Inspector  of  fumiture,  etc 

Heating  apparatus  for  public  buildings 

Vaults,  safes,  and  locks  for  public  buildings 

Plans  for  public  buildings 

Lands  and  other  properties  of  the  United  States 

Suppressing  counterfeiting  and  other  crimes 

Expenses  Treasury  notes 

Interstate  Commerce  Commission 

Commission  on  Safes  aud  V.ault  Construction 

To  promote  the  education  of  the  blind .^^ 

Refunding  to  national  banking  associations  excess  of  duty 

Outstanding  liabilities 

Confederate  properly  recovered  in  foreign  countries 

Sinking  fund.  Pacific  llailroads  (permanent) 

Sr ttled  for  appropriation 

Admission  of  foreign  goods,  "World's  Columbian  Exposition 

Board  of  Lady  Jfanagers,  "World's  Columbian  Commission 

Expenses  "W^orld's  Columbian  Exposition 

Expenses  Governuicut  Board  of  Control,  "World's  Columbian  Exposition 

Exjienses,  "World's  Columbian  Commission 

Aid  to  "World's  Columbian  Exposition,  Columbian  half-dollars 

^Medals  and  diplomas,  AVorld's  Columbian  Exposition 

Government  building,  "World's  Columbian  Exposition 

Marine  Hospital  Service 

Preventing  the  spread  of  epidemic  diseases 

Quarautiue  service 

Kemoval  quarantine  service  from  Ship  Island 

San  Francisco  fumigating  steamer 

Key  West  quarantine  disinfecting  raachincry 

Aid  to  sufferers  froiii  yellow  fever 

Collecting  bank  statistics 

Payment  to  G eorgc  Q.  Cannon 

Kefund  to  estate  of  Gustavo  Freyberg 

Eemission  of  penalties  on  light-house  steamer  "Pansy  " , 

Hefund  to  J.  G .  Allan 

Payment  to  !Macmaster  &  McGibbon  for  legal  services 

Payment  to  Louis  des  Biens 

Electrical  fire  apparatus 

Payment  of  French  spoliation  claims 

Enforcement  of  al'ien  contract  labor  lav," 

Enforcement  of  Chinese  exclusion  acts 

AlanJ.a. 

Salaries  and  traveling  expenses  of  agents  at  the  seal  fisheries.' 

Investigation  of  far  industry  and  natives  of  Alaska : 

Protecting  seal  and  salmon  fisheries  of  Alaska 

Supplies  for  native  inhabitants,  Alaska 

Beimbursement  to  North  American  Commercial  Company  for  supidies 

furnished  inhabitants  of  Alaska. 
Protection  of  salmon  fisheries  of  Alaska , 

Customs. 

Expenses  of  collecting  the  revenue  from  customs , 

Detection  and  prevention  of  frauds  upon  the  customs  revenue 

Excess  of  deposits 


7 

$1, 437. 37 

8 

4,331.39 

7 

2, 589. 04 

8 

3,  502. 38 

7 

13,  034. 75 

8 

17,  58G.  71 

1(3 

4,  713. 27 

8 

8,  940. 06 

18 

12,  939.  00 

4 

1,  500. 00 

4 

1,354.43 

2 

3, 127.  05 

49 

20,  t;28. 80 

22 

927. 15 

3 

8,  759. 11 

];j 

<  8, 100.69 

4 

92.30 

18 

794, 974. 40 

4G 

584, 102. 07 

99 

313,  276.  71 

U 

3,  637. 41 

21 

lOJ,  902.  55 

10 

54.557.68 

6 

8, 154.  04 

12 

18X01 

33 

104,  081.  66 

ofi 

273,  041.  37 

83 

237,681.62 

4 

1,070.33 

1 

10, 000. 00 

2 

28.94 

165 

0 

33,478.81 

43 

.  1,  9S2,  400.  81) 

15 

1,377.54 

24 

20,  614.  43 

6 

43, 685.  63 

1 

132. 01 

40 

256, 178. 90 

0 

91.310.38 

s 

1, 929. 120.  00 

;3 

5,  045. 50 

19 

351,023.14 

131 

377,  221.  28 

23 

187,  662.  03 

38 

86, 458. 65 

1 

2 

4,  890.  43 

2 

814. 17 

1 

1 

587.  50 

1 

25. 00',;.  CO 

1 

57.70 

1 

1, 250. 00 

1 

72.18 

1 

1,  050.  25 

1 

40.00 

4 

7,  300.  00 

1 

19,  776. 00 

16 

108,581.91 

C2 

90, 469.  01 

14 

14,  909.  83 

5 

5,  795. 06 

3 

S1.S.30 

1 

5,  087. 32 

1 

5, 650.  CO 

2,304 

11 

690 


4, 484. 30 


$7.  650, 488.  80 

45,135.48 

3, 114,  081. 00 


228 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

DISBUESEMENTS— Continued. 


Accounts  adjusted. 


Ko.  of 
accounts. 


Aniouuts. 


TREASUr.Y  DEP-i  UTMEXT — coutin  ucd . 
Customs — continued. 


Debentures  and  drawbacks 

Official  emoluments 

Expenses  of  immigration 

Du t ies,  etc.,  refunded 

Additional  pay  to  inspectors  of  customs 

Compcnsatioji  in  lieu  of  moieties 

Expenses  of  local  appraisers'  meetings ■ 

Compeirsation  and  expenses,  Taritf  Commission 

Salaries  of  shipping  service 

Services  to  American  vessels 

Keimbnrsement  to  North  American  Commercial  Company  for  supplies 

furnished  wrecked  sailors 

Miscellaneous  customs - 


PUBLIC  DEBT  (PERMANENT)- 

Interest : 

Consols  of  1007 

Funded  loan  of  1891 

Pacific  Kailroad  bonds 

Coin  coupons 

Navy  pension  fund 

Funlled  loan  continued 

Three  per  cent,  loan,  1882 

Interest  on  District  of  Columbia  securities: 

Throe-sixty -five  bonds 

Three-sixty-five  bonds,  judgment  cases 

Water-stock  bonds,  District  of  Columbia 

Old  funded  debt,  District  of  Columbia 

Miscellaneous  securities : 

Spanish  indemnity 

Unclaimed  interest,  old  loans 

Redemption  of  bonds  retired  : 

Five-twenties  of  1SG2 

Ten-forties  of  1864 

Consols  of  1865 

Consols  of  1867 

Consols  of  1868 

Eedemjition  sinking  fund: 

Funded  loan  of  1891 

Funded  loan  of  1891,  continued 

Loan  of  July  and  August,  18(31 

Loan  of  1863,  continued 

Three  per  cent,  loan  of  1882 

AVar-bounty  scrip 

Certificates  of  indebtedness 

Redemption  of  bonds,  District  of  Columbia: 

Tlirec-sixty-fi ve  bonds 

Redemption  of  District  of  Columbia  bonds,  sinking  fund: 

Old  fuiuled  debt 

Three-sixty-fivo  bonds ■ 

Water-stock  bonds 

Miscellaneous  securities: 

Refunding  certificates 

Gold  certificates,  1803 

Gold  certificates,  1882 

Currency  certificates,  1872 

One-year  notes,  1863 

Two-year  notes,  1863 

Six  percent,  compound  interest  notes 

Seven-thirties,  181>4-'65 

Circulating  securities  destroyed : 

Legal-tender  notes 

Fractional  currency 

Gold  certificates  . ." 

Silver  certificates 

Treasury  notes  of  1890 

National  bank  notes 


Engraving  and  Prinling. 


Salaries,  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing 

Compensation  of  employ6s 

Materials  and  miscoUaueous  expenses 

Plate  printing 

Custody  of  dies,  rolls,  and  plates 

Special  witness  of  destruction  of  United  States  securities 


3G3 

,C57 

46 

,806 

1 

74 

17 

1 

274 

927 

3,522.014.82 

326,  028.  74 

388,  789. 43 

1,300,013.16 

183. 00 

•33,071.50 

1,  744.  01 

5,  914.  21 

60,  D49. 17 

23,  508.  59 

1 

28 

1, 737.  90 
3, 106.  21 

118 

22 

80 

138 

1 

89 

2 

12, 846, 446. 50 

11,018.13 

5,815,210.68 

2,  975,  924. 28 

420,  000.  00 

505,  410.  03 

1.12 

6 

1 
2 
4 

519, 368.  50 

1,181.08 

25,  480.  00 

204,  824.  00 

1 
8 

28,500.00 
2, 184, 36 

2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

15,  873. 15 

597.  97 

2,751.01 

9, 432.  38 

112.05 

2 

i 

1 

2 

876,  782. 10 
1,  000.  86 
2, 642.  74 
1,008.10 
77, 227.  80 
25. 75 
1,060.00 

2 

405,  208.  00 

3 

2 

1 

205,  388.  00 

336.  200.  00 

32, 100.  00 

12 
2 

12 

12 
9 
1 

11 
4 

17,  914.  90 

1,  800.  00 

30,  940,  000.  00 

62, 205,  000.  00 

378.00 

160. 00 

2, 149.  21 

882. 53 

10 
1 
10 
10 
10 
14 

71,  064,  000.  00 
1, 270. 98 
36,  791,  090.  00 
87,  2.39, 498. 00 
24,  370,  720.  00 
40, 632,  528.  00 

14 

14 
25 
16 
12 
13 

17, 254. 71 

464, 408. 70 

198, 172. 02 

583,  043. 84 

6, 793. 30 

1,  565. 00 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     229 

DISBUllSEMENTS-Continued. 


Accounts  adjusted. 


Ko.  of 
accounts 


Amounts. 


TREASURY  DErARTMENT — continued. 

Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey. 

Salaries 

Party  expenses 

Eepairs  of  ves.sels 

Publishiug  observations 

General  expenses 

Alaska  boundary  survey 

Jlcveniie-Cvtter  Service. 

Expenses  Kevenuc-Cutter  Service 

Kevcnue  vessels  for  Soiitli  Atlantic  coast 

Building  or  purchase  of  revenue  vessels 

Steam  vessels  for  Cbicago,  111 

Steam  launch  for  Puget  Sound 

Kevenue  steamer  for  Chesapeake  Bay 

Expenses  of  U.  S.  S.  Albatross  in  Alaskan  waters 

Eefuge  station,  Point  Barrow,  Alaska 

Extra  pay  to  officers  and  men  in  Mexican  war,  Ecvenue  Marine 

Fish  Commission. 

Propagation  of  food-fishes 

Pish  hatcheries 

Steam  vessels,  food-fishes 

Smithsojiian  Institution. 

North  American  Ethnology 

Expenses  of  Smithsonian  Institution 

Payment  to  X.  H.  Trotter,  for  paintings 

Independent  treasury. 

Salaries,  office  of  assistant  treasurers : 

Baltimore,  Md 

Boston,  Mass 

Chicago,  111 '. 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

New  Orleans,  La 

New  York,  N.  Y 

Philadelpliia,  Pa 

St.  Louis,  Mo  - 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

Salaries  of  special  agents,  independent  treasury 

Contingent  expenses 

Treasurer's  general  account  of  expenditures 

Paper  for  checks  and  drafts 

Life-Saoing  Soi'icc. 

Life-SaAang  Service 

Establishing  life-saving  stations 

Telephone  line  Cape  Charles  to  Assateague  Island,  Virginia  . . 

Lvjlit-House  EstaltUshmcnt. 

Salaries,  keepers  of  light-houses 

Supplies  of  light-houses 

llepairs  of  light-houses 

Expenses  of  light-vessels 

Expenses  of  buoyage 

Expenses  of  fog  signals 

Inspecting  lights 

Lighting  of  rivers 

Construction  of  light  stations 

Construction  of  light-ships 

Construction  of  tenders 

Construction  of  light-house  depots 

Oil  houses  for  light  stations 

Miscellaneous  light-house  accounts 

Public  huildings. 

Treasury  building,  "Washington,  D.  C 

Construction  of— 

Court-houses  and  post-offlces 

Custom-houses,  etc 


22 
101 
18 
13 
27 
16 


411 
1 
5 
3 
3 
2 
9 


$373, 641.  22 

199,  53.5. 91 

27,  036.  28 

1, 109. 70 

54,18:1.09 

63,  278.  09 


919,  655.  70 


29,  048.  05 

11,  008. 40 

30.41 

7, 549.  93 

15,  533.  58 

4,  410. 97 

48.00 


355,  509.  96 

20,514.43 

7,  233.  04 


.66 

54,  ISO.  00 
160.  00 


12 

22, 800.  00 

8 

37, 477.  48 

5 

28, 316.  08 

4 

17, 500.  00 

5 

18, 120.  58 

6 

202,  717.  63 

4 

42, 128.  97 

4 

19. 000.  00 

4 

27,018.21 

6 

3, 175.  95 

206 

123,291.38 

4 

704,  826,  431. 10 

5 

17,  225.  75 

239 

1,  347, 977. 60 

57 

1,  370. 18 

1 

820. 89 

130 

910,413.60 

214 

564, 130. 65 

115 

362,  278. 42 

124 

321,  685.  22 

209 

454,  464.  68 

64 

65, 998.  58 

11 

2,  034. 46 

133 

343, 842.  39 

325 

447,  027.  64 

151 

360, 428.  97 

74 

366,  822. 14 

16 

50,  542. 71 

48 

15, 720. 30 

28 

7,  718. 01 

21 

12, 899. 98 

903 

3, 174, 204. 11 

277 

795,  739. 12 

230 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

DISBUnSEMENTS— Continued. 


Accounts  adjusted. 


No.  of 
accouuts. 


Amounts. 


TKEASUET  DEPAnTMENT— Continued. 

Fuhlic  huildings — Continued. 

ConntiucUuu  of^Continued. 

Api)raiser.s'  stores 

ISIavinc  hospitals 

Mints 

Uiiilding  for  Bureau  of  Eufiravinojanrt  Printing 

Construction  and  repairs  of  buildings  in  Alaska 

Building  for  oflice  of  the  Supervising  Arcliitect 

Quarantine  stations 

Is ew  roof  for  "Winder  buiMing 

Improving  Ellia  Island,  Kevs^  York  Harbor,  for  immigration  purposes 

Ivcpairs  and  preservation  of  public  buildings 

Miscellan  eons 

Mints  and  assa>/  offices. 

Salaries,  office  of  Director  of  the  Mint 

Contingent  ex])enses,  office  of  Director  of  Mint 

rrcigliton  bullion  and  coin 

Salaries,  wages,  and  contingent  expenses  of  United  States  mints  and 

assay  offices , 

Gold  and  .silver  bullion 

Transportation  of  silver  coins 

Heeoinage  of  uncnrrent  fractional  silver  coins 

Coinage  of  silver  bullion 

Parting  and  I'ofiuing  bullion 

Manufacture  of  medals 

Storage  and  liandling  of  silver  bullion 

Purchase  of  gold  coin,  act  March  17, 1862 

Heeoinage  of  gold  coins 

Loss  on  rocoinago  of  Columbian  half  dollars 

Government  in  the  Territories. 

Salaries  of  governors,  etc.,  Territory  of — 

Alaska 

Arizona 

New  Mexico 

Oklaboma 

Utah 

Legislative  expenses 

Contingent  expenses _ 

Expenses  constitutional  conventions,  Territories 

Compensati(m  L'^tah  Commission 

Contingent  expenses  Utah  Commission 

Corai)ensati(in  and  expenses  officers  of  election,  Utah 

Industrial  Home,  Utah 

Eurnit'.ire,  Industrial  Home,  Utah 

Aid  to  Industrial  Home,  Utah 

Public  schools,  Territory  of  Oklahoma 

I'cpairs  of  old  adobe  palace,  Santa  Pe 

Expenses  first  legislative  assembly,  Territory  of  Oklahoma 

Eeapportionment  of  members  of  the  legislature,  OKlahoiua 

District  of  Colinnhia. 

Salaries,  offices 

Salaries  and  contingent  expenses,  offices 

Salaries,  sinking  fund  office 

.  Improvement  and  repairs 

Streets 

Bridges 

Public  schools 

Buildings  and  grounds,  public  schools 

Metropolitan  police 

To  maintain  public  order 

Fire  department 

Telegrajih  and  telephone  service 

Health  department 

Courts 

AVashington  Asylum 

Miscellaneous  expenses 

Contingent  and  miscellaneous  expenses 

Construction  of  county  roads 

Permit  work 

Scwei-s 

Expenses  of  assessing  real  iiroperty 

Board  of  revi.sion  of  1892  assessment 


33 

$19,196.94 

57 

31,601.72 

V 

6,  279.  G4 

2 

482.  94 

(i 

392. 48 

G 

4G.75 

49 

143,  271. 74 

9 

3,281.75 

38 

556,  884. 74 

30 

200.  213. 19 

25 

1, 720. 78 

5 

36,423.05 

139 

8. 401.  37 

12 

9,  315. 52 

202 

1,153,683.34 

20 

98, 640, 914.  32 

124 

60,  659. 04 

14 

196,  439.  32 

60 

03.  014. 00 

81 

245,  402.  36 

2 

1,  575. 90 

14 

23,955.41 

V 

2, 515. 66 

3 

1,390.29 

2 

40, 469.  35 

123 

17, 900. 18 

64 

14,  663. 15 

58 

17,  256.  55 

52 

11,470.91 

60 

13,611.30 

43 

50, 529. 74 

17 

5, 134. 30 

2 

8, 225. 38 

6(5 

10,  000.  00 

34 

8,  839. 20 

12 

21, 861. 32 

1 

4, 180.  07 

3 

293.  90 

8 

3, 840. 11 

2 

1,  260.  00 

3 

17.55 

1 

26.27 

3 

1,  COO.  00 

20 

170,  566. 01 

1 

19.  50 

12 

2, 400.  00 

32 

397,  473. 67 

35 

384, 820. 45 

34 

20, 300.  51 

51 

1. 211, 225. 00 

30 

66,  052. 85 

27 

456,  213. 16 

7 

7,126.14 

28 

130,  076. 14 

21 

23,  032. 33 

31 

71, 667.  21 

52 

44, 821. 14 

27 

53.633.17 

2 

51.84 

41 

70,  221. 30 

SO 

36,  980. 32 

40 

324, 514. 09 

44 

321,  999. 15 

13 

3,  534.  82 

5 

3,624.00 

REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 
DISBTJESEMENTS— Continued. 


231 


Accoimis  adjusted. 


TEEASUKY  DEPARTMEXT— Continued. 

District  of  Columbia— Continued. 

Plats  of  subdivisions  outside  of  Washington  and  Georgetown 

Hospii  al  for  t  ho  Insane 

Trauspoitaiion  of  jwupers  and  prisoners 

Benniug  road  brid^ 

Eelief  of  the  poor,  District  of  Columbia 

Buildings,  lleforni  School 

■  Building,  "Washington  Asylum 

Building,  Metropolitan  police 

Bnildlng,  Fire  department 

Militia 

I'Jmergency  fund 

AVrits  of  lunacy 

Judgments 

Zoological  Park 

Industrial  Home  School 

Board  to  consider  the  location  of  electric  wires 

Building  for  Central  Dispensary  and  Emergency  Hospital 

Public  bathing  beach 

Expenses  of  Excise  Board 

Clearing  the  Potomac  liiverof  ice. 

llefnndiDg  taxes 

Refunding  water  rent  and  taxes 

AVasliington  redemiition  fund 

"Washington  special  tax  fund 

Kedemptiou  of  tax -lien  certificates 

Kedemptiou  of  assessment  certificates 

Guaranty  fund 

Deficiency  in  sale  of  bonds  retained  from  contractors 

Eiremen's  relief  fund 

Police  relief  fii.nd 

Eedeniption  of  Pennsylvania  Avenue  paving  certificates 

Rock  Creek  Park .*" 

Refonn  School 

Katiojinl  Teni;}cranco  Home 

Cliiidri'n's  Hospital 

Columbia  H(;M])ital,  for  women,  etc 

"Wash inj; tun  lf.s;;it::l  for  Foundlings 

National  Homeopathic  Hospital  Association 

Wonum's  Christian  Association 

Association  for  Works  of  Mercy 

St.  Ann's  Infajit  Asylum 

House  of  the  G  ood  Shepherd 

National  Assofiation  for  Colored  "Women  and  Children 

Education  of  feeble-minded  children 

Support  of  convicts 

St.  Rose  Industrial  School 

German  Orphan  Asylum  Association 

Col mn Ilia  Institute  for  Deaf  and  Dumb 

Building,  Iteform  School  for  Girls 

Freedmcn's  Hospital  and  Asj'lum 

Central  Dispensary  and  Emergency  Hospital 

St  Joseph's  Male  Orphan  A.sylum 

"Women's  Union  Christian  Association 

National  Zoological  Park : 

Organization,  etc 

Imiirovements 

Buildings 

Maintenance '. 

National  Zoological  Park,  District  of  Columbia 

"Washiugton  Aqueduct,  District  of  Columbia 

Water  s'upply,  District  of  Columbia 

Increasing  the  water  supply  of  Washington,  D.  C 

WAR  DEPART3IEXT. 

Salarie4,  office  of — 

Secretary  

Record  and  Pension  Division 

Adjutant-General 

Inspector-General 

Jiulge-Advocatc-General 

Salaries,  Signal  Ofhce 

Salaries,  otiice  of— 

Quartermaster-General 

Comiuissaiy-Geueral 

Surgeon-General 

Paymaster-(;eneral '. 


No.  of 

accounts. 


Amounts. 


13 

$4,  400.  00 

lb 

109,  lOG.  6G 

22 

4,  229.  41 

11 

39, 119. 91 

2-1 

24,  549. 10 

1 

212.26 

11 

4,  083.  50 

11 

5,529.11 

22 

16,634.80 

31 

27,  475. 7G 

2V 

C,  312.  99 

18 

2,213.35 

11 

14, 988. 42 

fi 

12 

12, 219.  62 

l'> 

12 

3, 178. 38 

1 

1.01 

2 

171.80 

2 

4, 843. 33 

IG 

19,  303. 45 

14 

2,  304.  21 

13 

3, 077. 12 

14 

493. 61 

14 

175. 87 

9 

35.30 

12 

17,  777.  34 

II 

5,101.33 

13 

1, 935.  00 

13 

19,  015.  74 

8 

107.  00 

12 

842, 473.  28 

1.5 

43,  373.  30 

9 

1,995.13 

12 

9,  672.  31 

12 

20,  016. 17 

9 

4, 465.  98 

12 

6,403.94 

12 

4, 005.  78 

15 

3, 030.  38 

12 

5,  940. 20 

15 

3,851.18 

12 

11,  477. 17 

12 

3, 102.  05 

15 

9,  243.  91 

12 

4,380.31 

21 

6, 178.  01 

13 

15. 300. 00 

7 

9,214.19 

9 

37,  900.  94 

0 

3,  374. 17 

9 

1,  500.  00 

G 

124.29 

fi 

1,  594.  S3 

G 

1,  220.  77 

(i 

789. 03 

10 

6,474.21 

10 

35,153.10 

12 

21,761.70 

2 

40.  00 

10 

1,021.19 

T05,  827.  70 
984, 191.  20 
211,182.20 

9,  300.  02 
14,  838. 39 

5,  700. 00 

156, 283.  59 
42, 579.  00 

183,  256.  97 
39, 156. 13 


232 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

DISBUKSEMENTS-Contiaued. 


Accounts  adjusted. 


Jfo.  of 
accounts. 


■\vAn  DEPARTMENT— continued. 

Salaries,  office  of— Continued. 

Chief  of  Ordnance 

Cliiof  of  Engineers 

Publication  of  liecords  of  the  Kebcllion 

Index  of  Confederate  Eecords 

Stationery 

Kent  of  binlding 

Continj^ent  expenses,  "War  Department 

Siilaries  of  employes  public  buildings  and  grounds,  under  Chief  of  En- 
gineers   

Postage  to  ijosfal  nnion  countries 

Piihlic  huildinr/s  and  grounds.    - 

Improvcnieut  and  care  of  public  grounds 

Repairs,  fuel,  etc.,  Executive  Mansion 

liepairs  to  water  pipes  and  lire  plugs 

Lighting,  etc.,  Executive  Mansion 

Ttilegraph  to  connect  the  Capitol,  Departments,  and  Government  Print- 
ing Ullicc 

Contingent  expenses 

War,  civil,  miscellaneous. 

Salaries,  office  of  superintendent,  State,  W.ar,  and  Navy  Dcpratmcnt 
building 

Fuel,  lights,  etc..  State,  War,  and  Xavy  Department  building 

Building  for  State,  War,  and  Xavy  Department 

Care  and  maintenance  of  the  Washington  Monument 

Support  and  medical  treatment  of  destitute  patients 

Maintenance  of  Garfield  Hospital 

Prevention  of  obstructive  and  injurious  deposits  in  harbor  and  adjacent 
waters  of  New  York  City 

Trenton  Battle  Monument,  Trenton,  N.  J 

P.eUef  of  Harriet  W.  Shacklet t 

Transportation  of  reports  and  maps  to  foreign  countries 

Erection  of  fishways  at  Great  Falls 

>:avy  depaktmest. 
Salaries  : 

Ofiice  of  Secretary 

Biu-eau  of  Tards'and  Docks 

Bureau  of  Equipment 

Bureau  of  N;ivigation 

Office  of  Naval  llecords  of  the  Kebellion 

Nautical  Almanac  Office 

Hydrographic  Office 

Contingent  and  miscellaneous  expenses,  Hydrographic  Offica 

Contingent  and  miscellaneous  expenses.  Nautical  Almanac  Office 

Salaries,  Naval  Observatory 

Contingent  and  miscellaneous  expenses.  Naval  Observatorj' 

Salaries : 

Bureau  of  Ordnance 

Construction  and  Repair 

Steam  Engineering 

Supplies  and  Accounts 

Medicine  and  Surgery 

Salaries,  office  of  Judge- Advocate-General,  U.  S.  Navj' 

Library,  Navy  Department 

Contingent  expenses,  Navj'  Department 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

Salaries,  office  of  the  Secretary 

Publishing  the  Biennial  Register.- 

Stationery 

Library,  Deiiartment  of  the  Interior 

Rent  of  buildings 

Postage  to  Postal  Union  countries 

Contingent  expenses.  Department  of  the  Interior 

Expenses  of  special  land  inspectors,  Department  of  the  Interior 

Salaries,  General  Land  Office 

Expenses  of  inspectors.  General  Land  Office 

Library,  General  Land  Office 

Maps  of  the  United  States 

Salaries  : 

Indian  Office 

Pension  Office 

Investigation  of  pension  cases,  Pension  Office 


6 

12 
17G 


REPORT  OF  TPIE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     233 

DISBUKSEMEis'TS— Continued. 


Accounts  adjusted. 


DEP.UiTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR— Continued. 

Salaries  of  special  examiners,   Pension  Office 

Investigation  of  pension  cases,  special  examiners  Pension  Office 

Salaries  : 

Patent  Office 

Bureau  of  Education 

Library,  liurcau  of  Education 

Distributing  documents,  Bureau  of  Education 

Collecting  statistics.  Bureau  of  Education 

Salaries,  office  of  Commissioner  of  Kail  roads 

Traveling  expenses,  office  of  Commissioner  of  Eailroads 

Salaries, "office  of — 

Architect  of  Capitol 

Geological  Survey 

Contingent  expenses.  Laud  Oflice 

Transcribing  and  copying,  Indian  Office 

Public  buildiiifis  and  grounds. 

Picpairs  of  building,  Department  of  the  Interior 

Annual  repairs  of  the  Capitol 

Improving  the  Capitol  grounds 

Lighting  the  Capitol  grounds 

Capitol  terraces 

Fireproof  building  for  Pension  Office 

Electric  light  plant,  Senate 

Elevator,  House  of  Kepresentatives 

Steam  boilers.  Senate 

Kepairs,  Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane 

Buildings  and  grounds,  Government  Hosiiital  for  the  lus.uie 

Freight  elevator,  Pension  OtiJce  building 

Pavement  Capitol  grounds 

Sanitary  improvements  of  the  Capitol 

Steam  heating  and  machinery,  Senate 

Engine  house  and  Senate  and  House  stables 

Belief  claries. 
Current  expenses : 

Gevernment  Hospital  for  the  Insane 

Columbia  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb 

Columbia  Insiitntiou  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  Ijuilding  and  grounds 

Howard  University 

Howard  University,  buildings,  etc 

Maryland  Institution  for  the  Instruction  of  the  Elind 

Interior — miscellaneous. 

Education  of  children  in  Alasha , 

Colleges  for  agriculture  and  mechanic  arts 

Public  Land  Service. 

Payment  to  E.  G.  Eahnestock,  special  agent  G  eneral  Land  Office , 

Supremo  Court  Eeports , 

Depredations  on  public  timber , 

Protecting  public  lands 

Settlement  of  claims  for  swamp  lands,  etc 

Protecting  public  lands,  timber,  etc 

Eeproducing  plats  of  surveys.  General  Land  Office , 

Transcripts  of  records  and  plat  s * . 

Preservation  of  abandoned  military  reservations 

Custodians  of  abandoned  military  reservations , 

Appraisement  and  sale  of  abandoned  military  reservations , 

Surveying  Public  Lauds. 

Surveying  tlie  public  lands '. 

Geological  Survey 

Geological  maps  of  the  United  States 

Protection  and  improvement  of  Hot  Springs,  Ark 

Inspecting  mines  in  the  Territories , 

Revenues.  Yellowstone  ISTalional  Park 

Boundary  between  North  and  South  Dakota 

DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOR. 

Salaries 

Library 

Stationery 

Postage  to  Postal  Union  countries , 


ISTo.  of 

accounts. 


5 

318 

44 

12 

2 

3 

1 


Amounts. 


$205,819.00 
6.00 

698,  056.  75 

48, 407.  50 

705.  50 

2, 748. 78 

4, 172. 32 

14,  508.  00 

1,  247.  C6 

20, 4G4. 00 

53,041.80 

5,  236.  56 

808.  00 


6,  075.  74 

29,621.82 

18,  OGO.  89 

27,937.19 

11,314.19 

052. 35 

1,  035.  69 

40.75 

1, 333. 44 

15,  855. 29 

20, 333.  99 

90.25 

585.  44 

57, 1C8.  58 

992. 76 

399. 56 


329,  947. 19 

52,  212. 78 

2,  000. 00 

27, 347. 43 

1,  722. 11 

0, 353. 32 


50, 881.  72 
897,  000.  00 


449. 70 
912.  00 

60,010.93 

52,  245. 16 
7, 840.  59 

99,  838.  45 
5,  387.  68 

10,  536.  25 
2, 100.  00 
5,  274.  70 
5,  028. 54 


17, 026.  01 

664, 780.  00 

90, 978. 53 

37,  653.  20 

3, 109.  70 

1, 059.  60 

63.00 


99,  542. 25 

],150.P8 

1, 288.  69 

250. 00 


234 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

DISBUESEMEKTS-Contimicd. 


Accounts  adjusted. 


Ko  of 
accounts 


AmouEts. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOR — continued. 

Hont 

Miscellaneous  oxpciiscs.. 

Contingent  expenses 

Invtstisation  of  industrial  and  technical  school  systems  of  the  United 

States  and  foreign  countries 

Investigation  relative  to  the  "  Slums  of  the  Cities  " 

POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 

Salaries 

Deficiency  in  the  postal  revenues 

Pogt-Office—raisccllancoiis. 

Kemoral  and  furni.shing  Washington  City  post-office 

Eeimhurseniciit  to  F.  A.  Cumniiiigs 

Eelief  of — 

R.  li.  "Woodson 

B.  P.  ■Rockafellow 

M  r s .  E .  F  ras  k 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGEICULTrRE. 

Salaries 

Salaries  and  expenses.  I'ureati  of  Animal  Industry 

Quarantine  stations  for  neat  rattle 

Collecting  agricultural  .statistics 

Purcha.<ic  and  distribution  of  valuable  seeds 

Experimental  garden 

Laboratory 

^Mtiseum 

Library 

Experiments  in  the  manufacture  of  sugar 

Botanical  investigations  and  exx)criments 

Poniological  information 

Salaries,   Weather  Bin-cau , 

Euo!,  ligl'.ts,  and  repairs,  Weather  Bureau 

Contingent  expenses,  Weather  Bureau 

General  expenses.  Weather  Bureau 

ATeathcr  Bureau  Stations,  i\Iid«.lc  and  Thunder Baj'  Island,  Lake  Iluron 

Experiments  in  the  production  of  rainfall 

Materials,  docun)ent  and  folding  room 

Vegetable  pathological  investigations  and  experiments 

Ulustratious  and  engravings 

Irrigation  investigi^tions 

Investigating  the  adulteration  of  food 

Investigations  in  oraithologj"  and  mammalogy 

Agricultural  experiment  stations  in  various  States 

Agricultural  experiment  stations 

Furniture,  etc 

Investigating  history,  etc.,  of  insects 

Keport  on  forestry 

Silk  culture 

Postage 

Contingent  expenses 

Fiber  investigations 

Microscopical  investigations 

Erection  of  a  Department  of  Agriculture 

DEP.!tETMENT  OF  JUSTICE. 

Salaries 

Contingent  expenses: 

Furniture  and  repairs 

'   Books  for  department  library 

Books  for  oflicc  of  solicitor ^ 

Stationery 

Miscellaneous  items 

Transportation 

Building 

Postage". 

Miicellaneoits. 

Salary,  warden  of  jail.  District  of  Columbia 

Expen.<;es  of  Territorial  courts  in  Utah 

Salaries  of  employes,  court-house,  Washington,  D.  C 

Defen.se  in  French  spoliation  claims 

Defending  suits  in  claims  against  the  United  States 


12 

^1, 999. 99 

27 

60,  250. 35 

18 

3,  717. 37 

13 

1, 274. 05 

7 

0,5.31.50 

7 

051, 148. 05 

16 

6, 238,  001.  07 

1 

9.914.93 

1 

409. 50 

1 

142.  00 

1 

OU.U 

1 

243.  00 

7 

319,  91G.  79 

45 

700,080.14 

'/ 

17.955.44 

1.3 

132, 270. 58 

8 

201, 145. 46 

G 

29,051.57 

8 

18.519.34 

7 

2,911.56 

10 

3, 093.  62 

28 

43,478.01 

29 

39, 13.=!.  95 

12 

7, 625.  29 

5 

171.053.75 

5 

7,731.63 

7 

9, 279. 48 

124 

373, 944. 45 

2 

453.  55 

2 

.%871.02 

4 

2, 506. 30 

14 

16,  677. 77 

t; 

1,  791. 47 

16 

3, 374. 02 

1 

617.  23 

28 

16,442.37 

>A2 

881,250.00 

8 

20, 502. 02 

8 

12, 210.  CO 

12 

22, 532. 58 

10 

9, 000. 15 

3 

C23. 79 

5 

5,  055. 00 

11 

27,  610.  20 

10 

10,  676. 60 

6 

1, 033. 22 

1 

332. 00 

115,099.31 

467. 03 
2,179.54 

24C.  45 
2, 147. 32 
5, 909. 3G 
1,  235. 73 


5.00 


1,350.00 
95,  545. 34 
11,779.80 


REPOET    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 
DISBUKSEMEXTS -Uontiuueil. 


235 


Accounts  adj listed. 


Ko.  of 
.iccouuts. 


Amounts. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE — Contiuued. 

Miscellaneous — continued. 


Publishing  violations  of  intercourse  acts  and  frauds 

Prosecution  of  crimes 

Expenses  settling  title  to  Greer  County,  claimed  by  Texas 

Support  of  convicts 

Shops,  Utah  penitentiary 

Traveling  expense.^.  Territory  of  Alaska 

Defense  in  Indian  depredations  claims 

Expenses  of  litigation  for  Eastern  band,  Xorth  Carolina  Ciierokecs. 

Pent  and  incidental  expenses,  ollice  of  marshal  of  Ala.ska 

Payment  of  judgments,  United  States  courts 

Eepairs  to  lourt-honse,  Washington,  D.  C 

Payment  of  judgments.  Court  of  Ahibama  Ciaims 

Expenses  of  United  States  courts 

Construction  of  penitentiaries 

Eees  and  expenses  in  suit  against  Benj.  Weil 

Claims  of  dcputj-  marshals  in  Oklahoma 


Salaries : 

Justices,  etc..  Supreme  Court 

Circuit  judges 

District  judges 

i;etired  judges 

Salaries  and  expenses.  Court  of  Appeals,  District  of  Columbia... 
Salaries  and  expenses.  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals 

District  attorneys. 

Salaries  assistant  district  attorneys 

Pegular  assistant  district  attorneys 

District  marshals 

Justices  and  judges  supreme  court.  District  of  Cvlumbia 

Court  of  Private  Land  Claims 

Fees  and  expenses  of  marslials 

Pees  of  district  attorne.vs 

Special  compensation  of  district  attorneys.  United  States  courts. 

Pay  of  special  assistant  attorneys 

Payment  to  James  Lyons  and  others  for  services 

Salary  and  expenses  reporter  of  the  Supreme  Court 

Fees  of — 

Clerks... 

Commissioners 

Jurors 

Witnesses , 

Support  of  prisoners 

Kent  of  courtrooms 

Miscellaneous  expenses 

Fees  of  supervisors  of  elections 

Fines  and  forfeitures 

Judicial  emoluments 

Pay  of  bailifls 

Pay  of  special  deputy  marshals  at  Congressional  elections 


Total  disbursements . 


Grand  total,  receipts  and  disbursements 


$3,  701.  G5 

34,051.0:5 
2,  .557.  43 

23,36fi.  51 
1, 472. 80 
235.  50 
5,  57*.  15 
1,433.00 
1,302.78 

IG,  388.  (12 

1,  249.  51 
744. 33 

2.  355.  2] 

28.  OU 

75  1.00 

21,  9G0.  00 


231 

106,087.05 

108 

53,  007.  30 

774 

322,  205. 10 

168 

67,  524.  85 

1 

1,771.95 

251 

98,  496.  91 

291 

20,  613.  54 

10 

2,  252.  24 

345 

.  118,  904.  98 

24-3 

9, 127.  82 

63 

21,542.95 

122 

57,141.27 

705 

1,  813, 166.  60 

516 

428, 063. 30 

91 

25. 683.  08 

51 

26, 303. 25 

1 

1,600.00 

6 

7, 500. 00 

786 

432, 672. 98 

2,346 

455,233.41 

517 

710,  730. 52 

793 

1,  318,  040.  82 

606 

686, 140. 21 

234 

76,410.45 

80G 

247. 180. 81 

123 

553, 022.  81 

5 

5,  253. 45 

230 

1,  610, 375. 88 

590 

185,  852.  80 

3 

9,  263. 77 

33,  750 

1,  280,  343,  663. 57 

36,  707 


2, 386, 4G1,  891. 79 


Number  of  certificates  indexed 14, 

Number  of  letters  indexed 4. 

Number  of  certificates  recorded 25. 

Number  of  letters  press  copied 4. 

Number  of  povrers  of  attorney  filed  and  briefed 1, 

IJcquisitions  answered 2. 

National  bank  changes 2, 

Accounts,  letters,  etc.,  received  and  entered 29, 

Authorities  recorded 1, 

Number  of  references  to  other  offices 1 , 

Entries  on  register  of  authorities 2, 

Number  of  powers  of  attorney  entered  and  referred 

Number  of  acknowledgments 5, 

Number  of  letters  written 4, 

Number  of  warrants  received  and  entered 0, 

Certificates  of  authority  furnished 


880 
295 
513 
295 
G74 
714 
125 
703 
674 
045 
239 
687 
143 
295 
279 
209 


236 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Summary  Statement  of  the  Work  of  the  Office  as  Sriowx  by  the  Refouts 
OF  THE  Various  Divisions. 

customs  division — II.  K.  LEAVER,  CHIEF. 

[Audits  the  accounts  of  collectors  of  customs  for  receipts  of  customs  revenue,  and  disbursements  for 
the  cxjienses  of  collecting  tbe  same,  and  also  including  .leconnts  of  collectors,  for  receipts  and  dis- 
bursements in  connection  with  the  Kovcnue-Cutter,  fines,  Light-House,  and  Jlarine-Hospital  Services, 
■with  accounts  for  oliicial  emoluments,  debentures,  refund  of  duties,  pales  of  old  materials  and 
miscellaneous  disbursements.] 


ITo.  of 
accounts. 

Amount. 

2,827 
8,393 

$235, 194,  588. 77 
16,  359,  041.  74 

Total 

11,  220 

251, 553,  C30. 51 

JUDICIARY   DIVISION — \V.  W.  SCOTT,  CHIEF. 

[Audits  the  accounts  of  district  attorneys,  marshals,  clerks,  and   commi.ssioners;   rents  and  mis- 
cellaneous court  accounts.] 


No.  of 
accounts. 

Amount. 

10,  238 

$9, 149,  30.-).  72 

PUBLIC   DEBT  DIVISION — J.    G.   DILL,    CHIEF. 

[Audits  all  accounts  for  payment  of  interest  on  the  public  debt,  both  registered  stock  and  coupon 
bonds,  interest  on  District  of  Columbia  bonds,  Pacidc  llailroad  bonds,  Louisville  and  Portland 
Canal  bonds,  navy  pension  fund,  redemption  of  United  States  and  District  of  Columbia  bonds, 
redemption  of  coin  and  currency  certificates,  old  notes,  and  bounty  scrip,  and  accounts  for 
notes  and  fractional  currency  destroyed.] 


No.  of 
accounts. 

Amount. 

456 

$22,  574, 016. 74 

13 

750,  854. 18 

4 

30,  684.  36 

10 

28,  760.  56 

12 

959,  747.  35 

2 

405,  208.  00 

C 

633,  088.  60 

63 

93, 168,  284. 64 

55 

266,  099, 106. 98 

621 

384,  650,  357. 41 

Interest  on  United  Slates  securities 

Interest  ou  District  of  Columbia  securities 

Miscellaneous  securities 

Eedemption  of  United  States  bonds  retired 

Redemption  of  United  States  bonds— sinking  fund 

Kedemjition  of  3. 05  District  of  Columbia  bonds 

Redemption  of  District  of  Columbia  bonds — sinking  fund 

Miscellaneous  securities 

United  States  circulating  securities  destroyed 

Total 


MISCELLANEOUS   DIVISION — CHESTER  E.  REES,  CHIEF. 

[Aiulits  accounts  of  District  of  Columbia,  salaries  and  contingent  expenses  Executive  Departments, 
Fi.^li  Commission,  Weather  Bureau,  Life-Saving  Service,  public  printing  and  binding,  Senate  and 
Ilouse  of  Representatives,  outstanding  liabilities,  bonded  aiul  land-gVant  railroads,  Coast  and 
Geodetic  and  Geological  .Surveys,  Congressional  Library,  judgments  of  the  Court  of  Claims,  iiostal 
requisitions,  and  a  vast  number  of  miscellaneous  accounts. j 


Number 

of 
Jiccouuts. 

Amount. 

95 
6,735 

$12,  535, 232.  41 
44,  803,  390.  82 

Total 

6,830 

57  338  6'J2  ""^ 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


237 


DIVISIOX  OF  MIXTS  AND  SUBTREASURIES— H.  CLAY  STIER,  ACTING  CHIEF. 


[Antlita  accounts  of  mints  and  assay  ofiices,  constrncTion  and  care  of  public  buildings,  United  States 
Treasurer,  Liglit-llousc  Establishment,  Bureau  ot  Engravin!^  and  Printing,  Territorial,  Independ- 
ent Treasury,  Marine  Hospital,  Steamboat-Inspection  Service,  hospitals  lor  the  insane  and  deaf 
and  dumb,  etc.] 


Receipts 

Disbursements 

Total.... 


Kumber 
of 

accounts. 


Amount. 


$858,  388, 407.  04 
825,381,558.88 


7,858       1,683,769,905.02 


warehouse  and  bond  division — j.  p.  tokbert,  acting  chief. 

Statement  of  Transactions  in  Bonded  Merchandise,  as  shown  by  Accounts 
Adjusted  During  the  Fiscal  Year  ended  June  30,  1893. 


No.  of 
accounts. 

Amount. 

977 

409 

$21, 159,  424.  S3 
57,899,925  31 

3,415,574  10 

54,  293,  355.  03 
706  201  02 

Total 

137,  474, 540.  29 

Contra. 

46, 110  077  33 

4  465  323  24 

54  80''  865  85 

Allowances  for  deficiencies,  damages,  etc 

1  238'  721  30 

5  090  06 

80  30 

9g  80 

30,  852, 352. 81 

Total 

137, 474,  540. 29 

EECAPITULATIOK. 


. 

No.  of 
accounts. 

Amount. 

11,220 
10,  238 
621 
6,830 
7,858 

251  553  630  51 

9  149  305  72 

Public  debt  division :  Total 

384,  650,  357.  41 
57  338  632  ''3 

Miscellaneous  division :  Receipts  and  disbursements 

Division  of  mints  and  subtreasurics:  Ecceipts  and  disbursements 

1,  683,  769,  965.  92 

Total  receipts  and  disbursements 

36,  767 
977 

2,386,461,891.79 
137  474  o'O  "^9 

Warehouse  and  bond  division :  Amount  involved 

Total  number  of  accounts  settled  and  total  amount  involved  in 
settlement 

37,  744 

2,523,936,432.08 

238 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Statement  Showing  the  Number  of  Accounts  on  Hani>  at  the  Beginning  of 
TiiK  Fiscal  Yeak,  1893,  the  Number  Keceived,  the  Number  Audited  and  thh 
Number  Remaining  &.t  the  Close  of  the  ITiscal  Year. 


Division. 

ITumher 

of 

accounts 

on  liar.d 

July  1, 

1892. 

Number 

of 
accounts 
received. 

Number 

of 
accounts 
audited. 

Number 

oi'  ac- 
counts re- 
maining 
Juno  30, 

1S03. 

2,361 

93 

57 

779 

1,116 
12 

11,103 

10,  225 

027 

0,400 

7,525 
1,033 

11, 220 

10, 238 

021 

0,830 

7,858 
977 

2,244 

80 

63 

400 

783 

68 

Total            

4,418 

36, 973 

37,  7U' 

3,647 

Decrease  in  number  of  accounts  remaining  in  tlie  office  unsettled,  as  between  June  30,  1892  and 
June  30,  1893,  771. 

The  accoimts  remaiuing  June  30, 1893,  were  received  as  follows: 


Divisions. 


Customs 

Judici.-irv 

Pnldicd'ebt 

M  iscellaneous 

Mints  and  sub-treasuries 

Warehouse,  bond,  and  records 


During  ,  During 
Prior  to  j  the  quai--  the  quar- 
Januarj-  terending  ter  end- 
1,1803.  ijyiarehSl,  ingJuno 
1893.        30,  1893. 


377 


1 

83 
280 


Total. 


1282 

80 

61 

279 

503 

68 


2273 


Of  tlie  G28  accouuts  received  i)rior  to  January  ] ,  1893,  and  now  ou 
Land,  5G1  are  official  emoluments  which  can  not  be  stated  imtil  the  close 
of  the  fiscal  year;  30  have  been  examined  and  are  held  for  Eegister's 
certificates  which  can  not  be  had  until  former  accounts  have  been  acted 
upon  by  the  First  Comi^troller;  1  is  stated  only  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal 
year;  3  are  examined  and  avraiting  correction;  5  await  the  issue  of 
repay-coveriug  warrants;  4  are  held  because  settlement  has  been  post- 
poned by  direction  of  the  Secretary;  24  accounts  await  deposits  before 
statement. 

Of  the  74G  accouuts  received  during  the  quarter  ending  March  31, 
1S93,  and  now  on  hand,  356  are  official  emoluments;  21  are  held  await- 
ing deposits;  42  have  been  examined  and  await  Registers  certificates; 
1  is  stated  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year;  2  have  been  examined  and  are 
held  for  correction. 

or  the  2,273  accounts  received  since  March  31,  1893,  and  now  on 
hand  391  are  official  emoluments;  19  have  been  examined  and  await 
Hegister's  certificates. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


239 


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240  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Tlic  foregoing  exliibit  sliows  that  the  volume  of  business  done  in  this 
office  during  the  fiscal  year  1803  was  greater  than  that  of  any  year  since 
the  establishment  of  this  office,  and  that  the  work  of  the  office  is  nearer 
up  to  date  than  for  many  years  past. 

^At  the  beginning  of  the  fiscal  year  1893  there  were  on  hand  in  this 
office  4,418  accounts,  and  at  the  beginning  of  the  last  quarter  of  the  fis- 
cal year  (April  1,  181)3)  there  were  on  hand  4,737  accounts.  This  report, 
as  submitted,  shows  that  the  current  work  of  the  office  has  been  trans- 
acted and  the  number  of  accounts  on  hand  reduced  from  4,418  July  1, 
1892,  and  4,737  April  1,  1893,  to  3,647,  and  this  reduction  still  contin- 
ues, and  it  will  be  observed  that  the  work  of  the  office  is  now  nearly 
current.  My  efforts  to  dispose  of  the  work  in  the  order  of  its  receipt  in 
the  office  have  been  most  heartily  aided  by  the  deputy  auditor,  chiefs  of 
division  and  clerks,  and  1  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  will  be  but  a 
short  time  until  all  delayed  accounts  are  audited,  and  then  it  will  be 
possible  to  dispatch  the  business  received  in  the  otfice  without  delay. 

When  I  assumed  this  office  I  found  it  necessary  to  abolish  the  prac- 
tice of  making  accounts  special  and  auditing  them  out  of  the  order  of 
their  receipt.  Accounts  are  now  made  special  only  in  very  rare  and 
extraordinary  cases,  and  then  only  by  the  personal  direction  of  the 
head  of  the  office.  This  order  has  resulted  in  benefit  to  those  claimants 
and  officers  who  have  not  attorneys  or  other  i)ersons  to  represent  them, 
and  has  not  prejudiced  any.  It  may  be  added  that,  under  the  rule  re- 
quiring accounts  to  be  adjusted  in  the  order  of  their  receipt  in  the 
office,  officers  and  claimants  are  more  prompt  in  rendering  their  ac- 
counts and  in  having  them  in  correct  form,  they  knowing  that  if  the 
accounts  are  returned  for  correction  they  will  lose  their  first  order  of 
adjustment. 

i  respectfully  call  your  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  business  of  this 
office  is  rapidly  increasing  year  by  year,  and  that  since  the  last  in- 
crease in  the  clerical  force,  July  1,  1880,  the  work  of  the  office  has  in- 
creased 35  per  cent.  Without  criticising  the  recommendations  of  my 
predecessors,  from  time  to  time  jnadc,  for  an  increase  in  said  force,  I 
am  of  the  opinion  that  the  number  of  employes  at  present  provided  is 
sufficient  for  the  present  demands  of  the  public  business,  but  submit 
that,  as  there  is  now  no  vrork  for  copyists  in  this  office,  and  that  as  all 
clerks  are  auditiJjg  accounts,  the  salary  of  the  four  copyists  at  $000  per 
annum  and  of  the  three  clerks  at  $1,000  per  annum,  as  now  provided, 
should  be  increased  to  $1,200  per  annum,  respectively.  These  clerks 
do  exactly  the  same  character  of  work  that  is  done  by  clerks  receiving 
$1,800  per  year.  In  my  judgment,  no  clerk  unable  to  audit  accounts 
should  be  employed  in  this  office,  and  any  clerk  performing  such  serv- 
ice as  is  now  rendered  sh.ould  receive  at  least  $1,200  per  annum,  as 
recommended  in  my  estimates  submitted  for  the  fiscal  year  1895. 

I  take  pleasure  in  commending  to  your  favorable  consideration  the 
officers  and  clerks  in  this  office,  who  have  aided  so  cheerfully  and  faith- 
fully in  making  possible  the  submission  of  so  favorable  a  rej>ort  as  is 
herewith  presented. 

Ernest  P.  Baldwin, 

First  Auditor. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


241 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECOXD  AUDITOE. 

Treasury  Department, 

Second  Auditor's  Office, 
Washington,  D.  C,  Octoher  14,  1803. 
Sir  :  I  liav.e  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  annual  report,  show- 
ing the  details  of  the  work  jperformed  in  this  office  during  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  30,  1893. 

The  application  of  moneys  appropriated  for  the  Indian  service,  the 
Medical  Department,  Pay  Department,  Ordnance  Department,  expenses 
of  the  Commanding  General's  Office,  contingencies  of  the  Adjutant- 
General's  Office,  the  Soldiers'  Home,  the  jSTatioua]  Home  for  Disabled 
Volunteer  Soldiers,  the  Artillery  School  at  Fortress  Monroe,  publica- 
tion of  Official  Records  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  contingencies  of 
the  military  establishment,  etc.,  is  indicated  by  the  subjoined  tabular 
statements  of  amounts  drawn  from  the  Treasury  on  requisitions  of  the 
Secretary  of  War  and  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  repayments  of  unex- 
pended balances,  and  aggregate  balances  remaining  in  the  Treasury  on 
June  30, 1893. 


■Appropriations 


Indian  Service. 

Advance  interest  to  certain  Indian  tribes %. 

Aiding  Indian  allottees,  nndor  act  of  Febrnary  8,  18S7 

Allotments  to  certain  Indian  tribes  aad  bands 

Appraisement  and  sale  of  Round  Yallej'  Indian  lleservation 

Bridn;es  at  San  tee,  Sioux,  and  Ponca  reservations 

Buildings  and  repairs  at  agencies 

Civilization  fund 

Civilization  of  the  Sioux 

Civilization  and  support  of  Sioux,  Medawakanton  band 

Commissions  to  negotiate  with  various  Indian  tribes  and  bands 

Contingencies  of  the  Indian  Ueisartment 

Ditches  and  reservoirs  for  ISTavajoes 

Education  Sioux  Nation 

Expenses  of  Board  of  Indian  Commissioners 

Flour  mill,  Pima  Accency,  Ariz 

EulflUing  treaties  Avith  various  Indian  tribes 

Gratuity  to  certain  Vte  Indians 

Homesteads  for  Indians 

Incidental  expenses  of  the  Indian  Service 

Indian  exhibit.  World's  Columbian  Exposition 

Indian  moneys,  proceeds  of  sales 

Interest  on  trust  funds,  etc 

Investigating  Indian  depredation  claims 

Irrigation,  Indian  reservations 

Judgments,  Indian  depredation  claims 

Negotiating  with  certain  Indian  tribes 

Pay  of   Indian    agents,  farmers,    inspectors,   interpreters,  judges. 

matrons,  police,  and  school  superintendents 

Payments  to  various  Indian  tribes  and  bands 

Proceeds  of  Indian  reservations 

Purchase  of  lands  for  certain  Indians 

Relief  of  certain  Indians 

Relief  of  sundry  persons 

Sale  and  allotment  of  Umatilla  Reservation 

School  buildings  and  support  of  schools 

Substation,  Shoshone  Agency,  AVj'O 

Support  of  various  Indian  tribes  and  bands 

Surveying  and  allotting  Indian  reservations 

Telegraphing  and  purchase  of  Indian  supplies 

Transportation  of  Indian  supplies 

Traveling  expenses  of  Indian  inspectors  and  school  superintendent. 

Unfinished  allotments  under  act  of  February  8,  1887 

Vaccination  of  Indians 

Miscellaneous  items 

Total  drafts  and  repaj-ments  on  acccount  of  Indian  appropriations 

Ab.  93 16 


Drafts. 


$1.18, 

4S>, 

21, 

9, 

19, 

2, 

217, 

4, 

39, 

-n, 

6, 
94, 

4, 

8, 

1,  223, 


103, 

4, 

111, 

1,  688, 

38] 

4G2, 

15, 

333, 

3,  ()3S, 

12, 

32, 

120, 

5, 

8, 

2,  395, 

4, 

2,  370, 

80, 

64, 

302, 

9, 

1, 

1, 


889.  51 
530. 32 
92.').  53 

306. 18 
C08.  82 
277. 40 
775. 70 
049.  77 
523. 62 
081.  60 

724. 19 
017.  22 

890.  89 
873.  34 
495. 15 
248.  73 
403.  50 
610.  88 
984. 29 
465.  00 
811.29 
949. 88 
700.  00 
277. 48 
899. 47 
388.  22 

832.  33 
614.92 
685.  06 
500. 00 
722.  36 
472.  89 
077. 90 
165.61 
939. 90 
875.  25  i 
559.  86  I 
127.  70  I 
113.62 
004.71 
861,62  i 
447.00  I 
154.11 


Repayments. 


$50,  039.  04 

1,721.76 

15.00 

3,  001.  38 


6,  02G.  71 
1, 153.  68 


14.62 

1,  343.  87 

7,601.45 

490. 47 

977.  97 

727.  75 

1,  502.  48 

47, 138.  2g 


248.  60 
8,  255.  61 


15,  209.  2G 

31,085.  .58 

156. 17 

1,  265.  9S 


3,496.50 

5,  28 1.  96 

25,  257.  51 

410.  06 


11,  684.  35 


20.00 
63,  057.  70 


42,290.47 

19,017.36 

5,  289.  22 

18,113.24 

1,  200.  05 

468.  25 

15.00 

68.85 


13,  719,  012. 82 


373,  716.  61 


242 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Appropriations. 


Drafts. 


Eepayincuts. 


War  Department. 

Armiujc  ami  equipping  the  militia 

Ar.seii;ils 

Artillovy  school  at  Fortress  Monroe,  Va.- 

3?or.iity  to  Fifteenth  and  Sixteeutli  Missouri  Cavalry 

Bouuty  to  volunteers,  their  -widows  and  legal  heirs 

JSouiity  under  act  of  July  2S,  1866 

Contingencies  of  the  Army 

Contingencies,  Iieadqiiarters  military  departments 

Draft  and  substitute  fund , 

Expenses  of  CoTunKinding-General's  ofiicc 

Expenses  of  military  con%icts 

Es))ense3  of  recruiting 

Extra  pay  to  officers  and  men  ■who  served  in  the  Mexican  war 

Infantry  and  cavalry  scliool,  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kaus 

Library,  Surgeon-General's  office 

Medical  andhospital  department 

Ordnanc*  service,  ordnance,  ordnance  stores,  etc. ;  ordnance  material, 

proceeds  sales 

Pay,  etc.,  of  tlie  Army 

Pay  of  the  Militarj-  Academy 

Pay  of  two  and  three-year  volunteers 

Payments  under  special  acts  to  sundry  persons 

Proving  ground,  Sandy  Hook,  N.  J- . . " 

Publication  of  official  records  of  the  v.'ar  of  the  rebellion 

Eeinibnrsing  Pennsylvania  for  moneys    expended  in  payment  of 

militia ' 

Eock  Island  bridge 

SiMal  Service 

Soldiers'  Home,  permanent  fund.r 

Soldiers'  Home,  interest  account 

Support  of  Xatioual  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers -  -  - 

Support  of  Soldiers'  Home 

Traveling  expenses  of  California  and  Xevada  Volunteers  and  the 

First  Michigan  Cavalry 

Miscellaneous  items 

Total  drafts  and  repayments  on  accfennt  of  War  Department 
appropriations 


$-151, 
300, 


351, 
50, 
14, 

2, 

1, 

3 

121 

1 

13 

491 


751.  C4 
7G3. 13 
000.  00 
575.  07 
9!»2. 55 
050.  do 
340.03 
94f).  00 
305. 58 
75;).  00 
2!S.  10 
21 S.  11 
096.  71 
500.  00 
403.  51 
538.  66 


3, 254, 740.  75 
13,0.(0,  112.37 
237.  088.  50 
566,  3G9.  50 
0,  809.  00 
04,  023.  97 
240, 426. 52 

•8,  732. 50 

62,  750.  00 

991.  65 

129,  000.  00 

74,198.06 

3,  286, 535. 41 

162, 733. 05 


974. 53 
1,  515.  49 


22.  873, 110.  54 


$2,  070. 78 
285. 19 


630.  22 

5,  090.  05 

1,677.27 

6.52 


5,918.  5! 
173,315.21 

245,  560. 47 

540,  884.  51 

7,  084. 38 

1,060.40 


1.3.  55 
9, 526. 13 


99, 780. 78 
176.  CO 


1,094,702.02 


PAYMASTERS'  DIVISION. 


The  duties  of  till s  division  are  to  audit  and  adjust  the  accounts  of 
army  paymasters;  to  state  accounts  in  favor  of  tlie  Soldiers'  Home  for 
tlie  moiitlily  contributions  of  12i  cents  by  enlisted  men  of  the  Army, 
court-martial  fines,  forfeitures  by  desertion,  etc.;  to  keep  a  record  of  de- 
posits by  and  repayments  to  enlisted  men;  to  determine  the  long-evity 
status  of  officers  of  the  Army;  to  raise  charges  against  officers  for  over- 
payments, erroneous  musters,  etc.;  to  transfer  to  the  Third  Auditor's 
books  such  amounts  collected  by  paymasters  as  have  not  alread,y  been 
deposited  and  passed  to  the  credit  of  the  proper  appropriations  on  books 
of  the  Second  and  Third  Auditors,  and  to  make  such  settlements  of  a 
miscellaneous  character  as  are  incidental  to  the  general  work  of  the 
division. 

The  work  performed  during  the  year  is  shown  by  the  following  figures : 

Number  oil  hand  July  1,  1892 109 

Number  received  from  Pavmaster-General,  U.   S.  ^irmy.  during  the  year  ending 
June  30,    1893 .' ' 370 

Number  to  be  accounted  for 479 

Number  examined,  reported,  and  transmitted  to  the  Second  Comptroller  during 
the  year , 380 

Number  on  hand  Juno  30,  1893 99 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     243 

Amount  disbursed  iu  tlie  380  accounts  to  the  Second  Comptroller 
during-  the  year,  814,223,501.83. 

On  the  SOth  of  June,  1893,  the  accounts  of  army  paymasters  were 
rendered  to  this  office  to  include  INIarch,  1893,  audited  to  include  Decem- 
ber, 1892,  and  confirmed  to  include  August,  1892.  Thirty-two  pay- 
masters were  on  duty  and  rendering  accounts,  so  that  the  99  accounts 
on  hand  represent  a  period  of  about  three  months. 

Deposits. — The  record  of  deposits  by  enlisted  men  under  the  act  of 
May  15,  1872,  shows  that  5,411  deposits  were  made  since  last  report, 
amounting  to  §274,026.00,  and  that  5,040  deposits,  amounting  to  $292,- 
870.44,  have  been  withdrawn,  upon  which  the  depositors  received  inter- 
est amounting  to  $27,530.55. 

MisceUaneous  settlements. — Amount  involved  in  55  settlements  credit- 
ing the  Soldiers'  Home  with  sums  ascertained  to  be  due  in  auditing  pay- 
masters' accounts,  $121,279.41 ;  in  5  settlements  charging  officers  with 
sums  overdrawn,  $101.08;  in  2  settlements  crediting  amounts  refunded 
on  account  of  overpayment,  $6;  in  5  settlements  crediting  amounts 
erroneously  charged,  $3,883.44;  in  2  settlements  paying  owners  of  out- 
standing checks,  $02.55,  and  in  7i  settlements  transferring  amounts 
fi'om  appropriation  for  "Pay,  etc.,  of  the  Army"  to  the  credit  of  sundry 
appropriations  on  the  books  of  the  Second  and  Third  Auditor  on 
account  of  ordnance,  transportation,  etc.,  $93,577.87,  making  a  total  oi 
140  settlements  and  involving  the  sum  of  $218,911.05. 

Longevity. — Xumber  of  cases  iu  which  dates  have  been  revised  and 
established  showing  the  time  from  which  increase  is  due  officers  of  the 
Army  for  length  of  service,  120. 

Deserters. — Number  of  cases  settled  during  the  year,  2,005. 

Correspondence. — Xumber  of  letters  received,  1,331 ;  number  of  let- 
ters written,  1,100. 

Xumber  of  vouchers  'in  the  380  paymasters'  accounts  examined  and 
reported,  70,041. 

ORDNANCE,   MEDICAL,   AND  MISCELLANEOUS  DIVISION. 

With  the  exception  of  paymasters'  accounts  all  army  disbursing 
accounts  rendered  to  the  second  auditor  are  audited  in  this  division; 
also  the  accounts  of  the  Xational  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers 
and  the  military  accounts  of  the  disbursing  clerk  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment; also  claims  of  a  mis(;elIaneous  character,  namely,  claims  under 
special  acts  of  Congress;  claims  for  material  furnished  the  ordnance 
department ;  for  refundment  of  bounty  money  taken  from  soldiers  under 
General  Orders  305  of  1804;  for  refundment  of  money  erroneously  paid 
to  secure  exemi)tion  from  draft,  etc.  The  book  records  of  payments  to 
officers  of  the  regular  and  volunteer  armies  are  kept  in  this  division, 
and  transcrix)ts  from  said  records  are  ftirnished  when  required  by  other 
divisions.  It  also  has  charge  of  the  files  of  settled  ordnance,  medical, 
and  miscellaneous  accounts  from  1817  to  date. 


INDIAN  DIVISION. 

The  general  duties  of  the  Indian  division  are  to  audit  the  money 
accounts  of  Indian  agents  and  other  disbursing  officers  of  the  Indian 
service  and  the  claims  of  contractors,  employes,  etc.,  for  supplies  fur- 
nished and  services  rendered;  also  to  examine  and  fin  alb/ dispose  of 
the  property  accounts  of  Indian  disbursing  officers  and  to  keep  records 


244  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

of  contracts  for  supplies  and  delivery  thereunder,  so  that  any  article 
can  be  readily  traced  from  the  place  of  purcliase  to  its  destination.  This 
division  has  charge  of  the  files  of  settled  accounts  and  claims  pertain- 
ing to  the  Indian  service  and  furnishes  to  the  Attorney-General  and 
to  the  i)roper  courts  such  information  and  documentary  evidence  as 
may  be  found  in  said  tiles  touching  suits  against  the  United  States. 
It  also  makes  transcripts  of  the  accounts  of  Indian  disbursing  officers 
in  cases  Avhere  it  is  necessary  to  bring  suit  for  balances  found  due  the 
Government. 

*  ****** 

PAY  AND  BOUNTY^  DIVISION. 

This  division  is  subdivided  into  six  branches  or  sections,  namely: 

(1)  The  registering  braneh,  by  which  all  claims  for  arrears  of  pay  and 
bounty  that  have  accrued  since  April  13, 1801,  are  received,  registered 
according  to  regiments  or  other  independent  organizations,  and  sent  to 
the  files  of  claims  awaiting  examination.  After  being  certified  by  the 
Second  Auditor  and  Second  Comptroller,  the  claims  again  i^ass  through 
this  branch  in  order  that  the  number  of  the  certificates  may  be  entered 
on  the  claims'  register,  thus  completing  the  record.  Letters  of  inquiry 
concerning  claims,  cither  settled  or  pending,  are  necessarily  referred  to 
this  branch  for  information  as  to  date  of  filing,  number  of  certificate,  etc. 

(2)  The  examining  branch,  by  which  such  evidence  as  may  be  neces- 
sary to  complete  claims  is  collected  and  scrutinized.  When  completed, 
if  there  appears  to  be  anything  due  from  the  United  States,  the  cases, 
after  passing  the  board  of  review,  go  to  the  settling  branch  for  adjust- 
ment. In  cases  where  formal  settlements  have  not  previously  been 
made,  and  it  is  evident  that  nothing  is  due  the  claimants,  settlements 
disallowing  the  claims  are  made  in  this  branch  and  reported  to  the 
Comptroller  for  his  action  thereon  as  required  Iby  law.  In  future,  cases 
of  this  kind  will  be  disallowed  by  the  Second  Auditor  under  the  pro- 
^'isions  of  the  act  of  July  16,  1892.  In  cases  where  formal  settlements 
have  already  been  made  and  it  is  apparent  that  nothing  further  is  due, 
claimants  are  so  notified  and  the  papers  are  filed  with  said  settlements. 

(3)  The  settling  branch,  by  which  all  claims  passed  by  the  examining 
branch  and  reported  correct  by  the  board  of  review  are  formally  ad- 
justed by  certificate  settlements  and  reported  to  the  Second  Comptroller. 

(4)  The  correspondence  branch,  in  which  inquiries  relating  to  settled 
claims,  and  all  letters  from  members  of  Congress  in  regard  to  claims, 
whether  open  or  settled,  are  answered,  and  the  miscellaneous  corre- 
si)ondence  attended  to,  including  the  writing  of  letters  to  claimants 
and  attornej^s,  notifying  them  of  the  settlement  of  their  claims.  This 
branch  also  transmits  certificates  to  the  Paymaster-General  for  pay- 
ment, and  keeps  the  necessary  records  showing  under  what  heads  of 
appropriations  balances  have  been  certified. 

(5)  Brancli  in  charge  of  open  and  disalloiced  files. — These  files  consist 
of  claims  awaiting  evidence  to  be  furnished  by  claimants  and  attor- 
neys, claims  awaiting  action  by  the  examining  and  settling  branches, 
claims  summarily  disallowed  by  the  Auditor  prior  to  January  1,  1882, 
and  not  since  called  up,  and  claims  which  have  not  been  completed  by 
the  parties  in  interest  and  are  regarded  as  abandoned. 

(G)  Branch  in  charge  of  files  of  settled  claims. — These  files  consist  of 
claims  for  arrears  of  pay  and  bounty  which  have  been  formally  certified 
by  the  Second  Auditor  and  Second  Comptroller  since  1832. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  245 

DIVISION   OF   INQUIRIES   AND   REPLIES. 

The  followiiio-  are  the  duties  assigned  to  this  division:  To  ansvs'cr 
calls  for  information  in  regard  to  officers  and  enlisted  men  who  served 
in  the  armies  of  the  United  States  since  the  war  of  1812,  from  the  Adju- 
tant-General, Quartermaster-General,  Commissary-General  of  Subsist- 
ence, the  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  the  Third  and  Fourth  Auditors  of 
the  Treasury,. and  the  various  divisions  of  this  oflice;  to  furnish  the 
pay  and  bounty  division  with  statements  of  payments  to  officers  and 
enlisted  men  on  detached  service,  absent,  sick,  etc.,  who  are  not  paid 
on  the  regular  muster  and  pay  rolls  of  their  commands;  to  copy  or 
repair  worn  and  defaced  rolls  and  vouchers;  to  comjiare  and  verify  the 
signatures  of  claimants  and  their  witnesses  who  have  cases  before  the 
Pension  and  Third  Auditor's  offices  with  their  signatures  on  the  origi- 
nal rolls  and  vouchers  on  file  in  this  office,  and  to  furnish  copies  of 
such  affidavits,  final  statements,  certificates  of  .disability,  etc.,  as  may 
be  required  by  the  Adjutant-General  and  other  officers. 

MAIL  DIVISION. 

The  general  duties  of  the  mail  division  are  to  carefully  examine, 
stamp,  assort,  and  distribute  the  entire  incoming  mail  of  the  office,  in- 
cluding all  i^apers  received  from  the  Second  Comptroller's  office,  tlie 
Indian  Office,  the  War  Department,  etc.;  to  inspect  the  outgoing  mail 
and  see  that  errors  and  irregularities  are  corrected;  to  answer  all  let- 
ters not  relating  to  claims  on  file,  and  to  dispose  of  or  properly  refer  all 
letters,  claims,  etc.,  which  do  not  pertain  to  this  office. 

******** 

ARCHIVES  DIVISION. 

This  division  has  charge  of  all  accounts  of  Army  paymasters  which 
have  ever  been  settled  by  the  Second  Auditor  and  Second  Comptroller; 
also  of  the  book  records  of  payments  to  regiments,  batteries,  and  other 
independent  organizations,  detachments,  hospitals,  paroled  x)riRoners 
of  war,  recruiting  parties,  and  all  other  separate  commands.  It  with- 
draws from  the  files  such  vouchers  as  are  required  by  the  settling- 
clerks  in  other  divisions,  and  returns  them  to  their  proper  places  when 
no  longer  required. 

Having  taken  charge  of  the  office  on  April  8,  1893,  the  princi]>al 
portion  of  the  work,  an  account  of  which  is  contained  in  this  annual 
report,  was  done  under  the  direction  of  my  predecessor.  The  clerical 
force  of  the  oflice  had  been  divided  into  eleven  divisions  until  the  "old 
army  division"  was  abolished  by  my  predecessor,  during  the  last  fiscal 
year,  leaving  ten  divisions  in  operation  when  I  took  charge  of  the  office. 
As  the  acts  of  Congress  making  appropriations  for  the  expenses  of  this 
office  have  never  provided  pay  for  chiefs  of  more  than  six  divisions  the 
other  four  divisions  were  necessarily  under  the  charge  of  four  clerks  of 
the  classified  service,  designated  as  acting  chiefs  of  divisions,  which 
seemed  to  lack  legal  sanction.  I  have  therefore  consolidated  several 
divisions,  reducing  the  number  to  six  divisions,  and  placed  the  whole  of 
the  clerical  force  under  the  charge  of  the  six  chiefs  of  divisions  provided 
for  by  law.  The  six  divisions  thus  formed  are  as  follows :  Bookkeeper's 
Division,  Paymaster,  Ordnance  and  Medical  Division,  Pay  and  Bounty 
Division,  Mail  and  Property  Division,  Archives  Division,  and  Indian 
Division. 


246 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


It  will  be  observed  from  tlie  data  contained  in  this  report  tliat  tlie 
-work  in  arrears  lias  been  diniiiiisbed,  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  reorgan- 
i/ation  as  indicated  above  will  expedite  the  dispatch  of  business  and 
that  the  work  will  in  a  few  years  be  brought  up  to  date. 
Very  respectfully, 

T.  Stobo  Faeeow, 

Aiiditor. 
The  Secretary  oe  the  Treasury^ 


KEPOET  OF  THE  TniRD  AUDITOE. 


Treasury  Depaetsient, 

Third  Auditor's  Office, 

SeiAemUr  30,  1S<>3. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  report  of  the  operations 
of  this  oflice  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893.  The  following 
statement  shows,  in  tabular  form,  the  number  and  amoiuit  of  accounts 
and  claims  on  hand  July  1, 1892,  received  and  audited  during  the  fiscal 
3'ear,  and  remaining  on  hand  unsettled  June  30, 1893. 


Descriiitiou  of  accounts. 


On  band  July],  1S02. 


No. 


Amoniit  in- 
volved. 


Keceivcd  during  i\i.cid 
year. 


No. 


Amount  in- 
volved. 


Quart ci'masters"  money  accounts 

( Juartcruiasters'  propeity  returns 

Enuinecra'  money  accounts 

Eujiincers'  property  returns 

Commissaries'  monty  accounts 

Commiss.'Jrics'  property  accounts 

Sisnal  officers'  money  accounts 

Miscellaneous  claims 

Claims  for  losst  vessels 

Oregon  and  Indian  war  claims 

State  war  claims 

3'ensio«  agents'  accounts 

Miscellaneous  pension  accounts,  claims,  etc 

Supplemental  accounts  of  pension  agents 

S\i]iiil;'iiiental  aceoimts  of  military  officers 

Claims  i'or  reimbursement  (pension),  sec.  4718,  li.  S  . 


6G7 

433 

64 

480 

J;21 

916 

47 

,64C 

8 

611 

25 

287 


$2, 145,  712.  57 
"'•4,' 483,' 855."  72' 


548,444.48 


12,  523.  87 

1, 302, 207.  48 

■  32,  050.  00 

4,  047.  62 

604, 909. 93 

87, 833, 492. 22 


2,430 

3,704 

490 

1,111 

2. 395 

2,348 

52 

3,390 

2 

3 


$7,  857, 420.  £0 
'  14,979,"  830.' 70 


1,341 


2G2 
500 
53 
3i3 
2,355 


2, 548, 105.  CO 


19,915.03 

1,  242.  064.  83 

3,  OOJ.  00 


155,781,488.19 
23,  C74.  03 
68,  744.Ht 
45,358.81 


Total 13,452       97,027,243, 


19,  414       182, 509,  064. 10 


Description  of  accounts. 


Settled  during  fiscal 
year. 


No. 


Amount  in- 
volved. 


EemainiTig  unsettled 
June  30, 1803. 


No. 


Amount  in- 
volved. 


Quartermasters'  money  accounts 

Quartermasters'  property  returns 

Engineers'  money  accounts 

Engineers'  property  returns 

Commissaries'  money  accounts 

Commissaries'  property  returns 

Signal  officers'  money  accounts 

M iscellaneous  cla inus 

Claims  for  lost  vessels 

Oregon  and  Indian  war  claims ._ 

State  war  claims ." 

Pension  agents'  accounts 

Miscellaneous  pension  accounts,  claims,  etc 

Supjilemental  accounts  of  ])ension  agents 

Su])i)lei;icntal  account  s  of  military  oliicers 

Claims  for  reimlmrsenient  (pensions),  sec.  4718  E.  S  . 

Total 


2,381 

3,814 

257 

1,C31 

2,  255 

2,270 

81 

4,344 

3 

1 


$8,  530, 030. 28 
16,550,248.00 


2, 290,  899. 47 


32. 348. 81 

1,  303, 503. 45 

3, 550. 00 


407 

500 

53 

313 

3,035 


141,140,771.24 
23,  074.  03 
08,  744.  84 
45, 358.  84 


722 

323 

297 

510 

1,001 

994 

18 

6,092 

7 

013 

25 

142 


1,473,103.19 


8,  913, 438. 42 

""805,"7i6.'6i 


90.60 

1,  300,  708.  SO 

31,  500.  00 

4, 047.  62 

6i!4,  909.  93 

102,474,209.17 


01 


21,  395 


103,  989, 129. 56 


11, 471 


115, 607,  778. 49 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  247 

ARMY  PENSION  DIVISION. 

Tlie  duties  of  this  division  embrace  the  auditing  and  settling  of  the 
accounts  of  the  several  agents  lor  paying  Army  pensions,  and  the  ad- 
justment of  all  matters  relating  to  payments  from  the  Army  pension 
appropriations.  These  necessitate  the  keeping  of  an  account  with  each 
pensioner  from  the  time  when  his  name  is  inscribed  upon  the  rolls  until 
the  pension  ceases  by  death,  limitation,  or  otherwise.  The  rollbooks 
of  this  office  are  prepared  with  great  care  from  data  furnished  in  each 
case  by  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions.  They  correspond  in  every  im- 
portant particular  with  those  of  the  several  pension  agents,  and  cover 
the  period  from  1798  to  the  present  time.  They  show  the  dates  of  com- 
mencement and  rates  of  all  pensions,  and  the  amounts  of  all  payments 
made  or  due  in  each  case,  so  that  any  error  in  payment  made  by  an 
agent  whose  accounts  are  under  consideration  can  at  once  be  detected. 
^The  increasing  magnitude  of  the  pension  disbursements,  and  cor- 
respondingly the  increasing  work  of  this  division,  is  shown  by  the 
following  tables.  The  nuniber  of  vouchers  paid  by  pension  agents 
has  increased  year  by  year — from  1,220,119,  involving  §59,900,501.09, 
in  1883,  to  3,009,009,  involving  8155,071,500.98,  in  1893—200  per  cent 
in  ten  years;  while  the  the  clerical  force  of  the  division  has  increased 
from  49  to  0-4 — 30  per  cent  only  in  the  same  period. 

When  it  is  considered  that  each  of  these  payments  requires  careful 
scrutiny  as  to  the  identification  of  the  pensioner,  the  validity  of  the 
vou:?her,  the  correctness  of  the  amount,  and  the  proper  entry  of  the 
payment  upon  the  rolls,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  clerks  of  this  division 
are  taxed  to  their  fuU  capacity  in  their  in  endeavor  to  keep  abreast  of 
the  work. 

At  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  there  were  in  the  office,  unexamined, 
1,284,310  pension  vouchers,  representing  about  four  month's  work. 


MILITARY  DIVISION. 

The  military  division  examines  and  adjusts  the  money  accounts  and 
property  returns  pertaining  to  the  Quartermaster  Department,  Sub- 
sistence Department,  Corps  of  Engineers,  Military  Academy,  Military 
Prison,  Mackinac  iSTational  Park,  Chicamatiga  and  Chattanooga  Na- 
tional Park,  surveys  of  battle  fields,  and  such  other  accounts  of  the 
VYar  Department  as  are  required  by  law  to  be  settled  in  this  oface. 
The  accounts  of  the  Quartermaster  Department  cover  a  wider  and  more 
varied  range  of  disbursements  than  any  other  branch  of  the  War  De- 
partment, embracing  disbursements  on  account  of  barracks,  quarters, 
hospitals,  storehouses,  offices,  stables,  storage,  transportation  for  all 
army  supplies,  army  clothing,  camp  and  garrison  equipage,  cavalry  and 
artillery  horses,  fuel,  forage,  straw,  materials  for  bedding,  stationery, 
printing,  hired  men,  per  diem  to  extra-duty  men,  pursuit  and  appre- 
hension of  deserters,  the  expenses  of  hired  escorts,  of  expresses,  veteri- 
nary surgeons,  medicines  for  horses,  of  supplying  posts  with  water, 
and,  generally,  whatever  is  necessary  for  the  support  and  comfort  of 
the  Army  in  quarters,  in  camp,  and  during  operations  in  the  field,  as 
well  as  the  authorized  expenses  for  the  burial  of  the  dead,  the  mainte- 
nance and  preservation  of  national  cemeteries,  and  the  construction  of 
authorized  roads.  The  accounts  of  the  Subsistence  Department  em- 
brace all  expenditures  necessaryfor  supplying  the  Army  with  provisions 
and  the  care  and  proijer  distribution  of  the  same.    The  accounts  of  the 


248  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Corps  of  Engineers  settled  in  this  division,  embrace  expenditures  for 
sites  and  materials  for  and  repairs  of  tlie  various  fortifications  through- 
out the  United  States;  the  purchase  of  sites  and  materials  for  seacoast 
defences;  the  examination  and  survey  of  the  Northern  and  Western  lakes 
and  rivers;  construction  and  repair  of  breakwaters,  and  the  improve- 
ment of  the  rivers  and  harbors  of  the  United  States.  The  accounts  of 
tliQ  Signal  Service  embrace  all  expenditures  for  army  signalling  and 
the  maintenance  and  repair  of  military  telegraph  lines.  The  accounts 
of  the  Military  Academy  and  Military  Prison,  embrace  all  expenditures 
necessary  for  the  support  of  those  institutions. 

CLAIMS   DIVISION. 

To  this  division  is  assigned  the  examination  of  all  claims  within  the 
jurisdiction  of  this  office,  except  claims  payable  from  pension  funds. 
They  include  claims  for  supplies  purchased  or  appropriated  for  the  Army ; 
for  the  transportation  and  telegraphic  service  of  the  Army;  for  the  pnr- 
chase,  hire,  or  appropriation  of  boats,  cars,  engines,  horses,  mules,  wag- 
ons, or  other  means  of  army  transportation;  for  the  value  of  property 
of  citizens,  or  ofiicers  and  soldiers,  lost  in  the  military  service;  for  mile- 
age, traveling  expenses,  comiuutations,  and  other  allowances  to  officers 
or  soldiers  of  the  Army;  claims  of  States  for  reimbursement,  under  va- 
rious acts,  of  the  expenses  incurred  in  raising  and  furnishing  volunteers 
or  militia  for  United  States  service;  claims  growing  out  of  various 
Indian  wars;  claims  under  special  acts  of  Congress;  also,  the  prepara- 
tion of  evidence  called  for  in  cases  in  the  Court  of  Claims  or  before  Con- 
gress. 

The  nature  of  the  duties  requires  great  familiarity  with  the  stat- 
utes, skill  in  methods  of  investigation,  judgment  in  weighing  evidence, 
and  renders  the  division  one  of  the  most  important  and  resi^ousible  in 
the  Treasury. 


THE  FILES. 

Attention  has  repeatedly  been  called  to  the  overcrowded  condition 
of  tlie  files  of  this  office,  and  I  urgently  request  that  some  adequate 
provision  be  made  for  the  preservation  of  the  many  millions  of  vouchers 
and  other  valuable  records  now  in  the  custody  of  this  office,  and  to 
which  constant  additions  are  being  made.  The  pension  files  alone  re- 
ceive a  yearly  addition  of  nearly  four  million  vouchers.  Every  availa- 
ble foot  of  space  is  already  occupied,  and  as  the  Auditor  is  charged  by 
law  with  the  preservation  of  these  accounts  and  vouchers,  I  can  not 
too  strongly  urge  the  serious  importance  of  some  immediate  action  in 
the  premises.  I  can  not  now  see  how  this  office  can,  without  additional 
files  room,  preserve  the  records  as  the  law  requires. 

I  desire  to  testify  as  to  the  very  efficient  help  and  hearty  cooperation 
of  the  Dejiuty  Auditor,  chiefs  of  division,  and  clerks  in  the  discharge 
of  the  duties  of  the  office. 

Samuel  Blackwell, 

Third  Auditor. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  'J'HE  TREASURY.     249 


KEPOET  OF  THE  FOURTH  AUDITOR. 

Treasury  Department, 

Fourth  Auditor's  Office, 

WasJiingto7i,  8cj)temh€r  27^  1893. 

Sir  :  I  liave  the  honor  to  submit  the  annual  report  of  this  Bureau 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893. 

The  balances,  liabilities,  and  payments  under  ^'pay"  and  other  ap- 
propriations are  shown  by  the  follo^Ying  statements: 

Statement  of  AprROPRiATiONS,  Pay  of  Navy  and  Pay  of  Marine  Corps,  1893. 

Pan  of  the  Navy,  1S93. 

Balan  ce  in  liaiula  of  disbursing  officers  June  30,  1893 $91,  809.  54 

Balance  in  Treasury  as  sliowu  by  ledger  June  30,  1893 1,  618,  091. 67 

Total  balance 1,709,901.21 

The  liabilities  June  30,  1893,  vrere  as  follows: 

Due  and  unpaid  officers  and  men $594,  654. 11 

Due  naval  hospital  fund 48,  371.  09 

Due  clothing  and  small  stores  fund 145,  061.  91 

Due  provisions,  navy 2,  590.  99 

Due  on  account  of  unpaid  allotments 20,  824.  00 

Due  general  account  of  advances 738,  471. 15 

Total  liabilities 1,  549,  973.  25 

Apparent  available  balance 159,  927.  96 

Pay  of  the  Marine  Corps,  1S93. 

Balance  in.  hands  of  disbursing  officers  June  30,  1893 $13,  584.  75 

Balance  in  Treasury'  as  shown  by  ledger  June  30,  1893 '. 112,  874.  25 

Total  balance 126,  459.  00 

The  liabilities  June  30,  1893,  were  as  follows: 

Due  and  unpaid  officers  and  men $41, 157.80 

Duo  naval  hospital  fund 8,  578.  93 

Due  general  account  of  advances   34,  322.  41 

Total  liabilities 84,  059. 14 

Aj)parent  available  balance 42,  399.  gg 

******  * 

The  sum  of  $2,418.32  was  expended  under  section  4718  of  the  Revised 
Statutes  to  reimburse  those  wlio  bore  the  expense  of  last  sickness  and 
burial  of  pensioners. 

So  brief  a  period  has  elapsed  since  I  personally  entered  upon  the 
duties  of  the  office  that  I  shall  not  submit  any  recommendation.  I  find 
that  the  current  work  of  the  different  divisions  appears  to  be  well  \\\} 
to  date,  so  far  as  practicable.  The  divisions  are  in  charge  of  intelli- 
gent and  competent  officials. 

C.  B.  Morton. 

Auditor. 
Hon.  John  G.  Carlisle, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


250  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


REPOET  OF  THE  FIFTH  AUDITOR. 

Treasury  Department, 
Office  of  the  Fifth  Auditor, 
WasMngton,  J).  C,  October  21,  1SD3. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  foUowiiig  report  of  the  tran^- 
aclioiis  of  this  ofiiee  during  the  past  fiscal  year,  and  the  present  condi- 
tion of  the  public  business  intrusted  to  my  charge,  as  requested  by  your 
letter  of  the  9th  ultimo. 


DIPLOMATIC  AND   CONSULAR  DIVISION. 

Diplomatic  service. — The  accounts  of  ministers  and  other  officers  ot 
the  diplomatic  service  have  been  adjusted,  showing  (Table  A  of  the 
appendix)  expenditures  and  passport  fees  for  the  year,  as  follows : 

Paid  for  salaries  of  ministers $302,  424.  98 

Paid  for  salaries,  secretaries  of  legations 26,  980.  89 

Paid  for  salary  of  clerk  to  legation  in  Spain 1,  200.  00 

Paid  for  salaries,  diplomatic  officers  while  receiving  instructions  and 

in  transit 52,  574. 46 

Paid  for  s;\laries,  charge  d'affaires  ad  interim 26,  418.  99 

Paid  for  salaries,  interpreters  to  legations 10,  311.  88 

Paid  fur  contingent  expenses,  foreign  missions Ill,  169,  C5 

Paid  lor  loss  by  exchange,  diplomatic  service 1,  467.  47 

Total  salaries  and  expenses 532,  518. 27 

Passport  fees  received  and  accounted  for 1,  014. 27 

The  few  accounts  of  legations  which  have  not  yet  been  received  are 
pointed  out  by  figures  referring  to  footnotes  in  Table  A  of  the  Appendix. 

The  approijriations  made  for  salaries,  charges  d'affaires  ad  interim^ 
.S2(),()()0,  and  contingent  expenses  foi^eign  missions,  $90,000,  were  again 
found  to  be  insufficient  to  cover  the  expenditures  for  the  year. 

Consular  service. — Accounts  of  consular  officers  have  been  adjusted, 
sliowing  expenses  for  this  service  and  official  fees  collected  as  follows 
(Tables  B,  C,  D,  and  E  of  the  appendix) : 

Paid: 

Salaries,  consular  service $489,  775. 19 

Salaries  while  receiving  instruction:i  and  in  transit 28,  269. 13 

Salaries,  consular  clerks 14,  365.  76 

Loss  on  bills  of  exchange 3,  583.  58 

Pay  of  consular  officers  for  services  to  American  vessels 23. 953. 10 

Compensation  from  fees  (sections  1703,  1739,  and  1733,  Revised 

Statutes) 231,  802. 10 

Oiiice  rent  and  clerk  hire  (section  1732,  Revised  Statutes) 4,025.20 

Contingent  expenses,  United  States  consulates 187,  230.60 

Allowance  for  clerks  at.  consulates 88,  300.  69 

Expenses  of  prisons  for  American  convicts 6,  390.  00 

Salaries,  iuteri)reters  to  consulates  in  China,  etc 13,  850. 00 

Salaries,  marshals  for  consular  courts 7, 888.  §9 

Expenses  of  interpreters  and  guards,  etc 5,  040. 93 

Boat  and  crew  at  Hongkong  and  Osaka  and  Hiogo 628.  29 

1, 105, 103. 16 
Received: 

Consular  fees  received  for  official  services 1, 009,  C60. 26 

Excess  of  expenditures  over  receipts 96,  042.  90 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     251 

All  excess  of  expenditures  over  receipts  is  sliown  of  $90,042.90. 
This  is  larger  tlian  occurred  last  year.     It  then  amounted  to  840,520.70. 

The  amount  paid  for  salaries  while  receiving  instructions  and  in 
transit  of  consular  officers  to  and  from  their  posts  exceeds  that  i)aid 
last  year  by  820,518.12. 

The  amount  paid  for  contingent  exi)enses,  United  States  consulates, 
as  adjusted,  while  in  excess  of  the  appropriation  in  the  sum  of  837,230.00, 
is  less  than  was  reported  last  year  by  $30,901.23. 

Permit  me  to  add  under  this  head  that  some  inconvenience  to  this 
office  mightbe  avoided  ifgi'eater  promptitude  should  be  observed  by  a  few 
consular  officers  in  forwardin'g  their  returns  after  the  close  of  each  quarter. 

Consular  fees. — The  consuhir  fees  collected  for  official  services  are 
stated  in  detail  as  to  the  character  and  amount  at  each  considate  in 
Table  H  of  the  appendix,  and  aggregate  in  kind  and  amount  as  follows: 

Invoice  certificates $929,  677. 53 

Landing  certificates 25,  830.22 

Bills  of  healtli 23,  621.  00 

Currency  certificates - 10,  302.  00 

Other  fees -----  19,629.51 

Total 1,009,060.26 

The  fees  aggregate  for  the  second  time  a  million  of  dollars  and  over. 
In  1890  tli'ey  exceeded  a  million.  There  has  been  an  increase  over  last 
5'ear  in  all  classes  of  fees. 

The  new  liealth  regulatiojis  issued  in  pursuance  of  the  act  of  Febru- 
ary 15,  1893,  caused  the  increase  in  the  fees  for  bills  of  health;  and  a 
much  larger  increase  may  be  exjiected  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1891,  when  these  regulations  shall  have  been  in  operation  during 
the  whole  of  the  year. 

The  fees  collected  for  bills  of  heuilth  and  reported  above  are  received 
entirely  froDi  foreign  vessels  bound  for  the  United  States,  no  fees  being 
collected  by  law  from  American  vessels;  and  I  Avould  state  in  connec- 
tion with  this  subject  that  information  has  been  received  at  this  office 
showing  that  the  opinion  exists  with  some  consuls  that  the  fees  for  bills 
of  health  to  foreign  vessels  are  notarial  and  are  the  perquisites  of  the 
oificer.  It  appears  that  the  same  vicAv  is  also  had  by  some  consuls 
with  reference  to  their  services  in  connection  with  the  cargoes  of  foreign 
vessels  owned  by  Americans,  such  as  protests,  siu'veys,  authentications 
of  copies,  signatures,  etc. 

It  is  impossible  of  course,  under  the  j^reseiit  regulations,  for  this  office 
to  ascertain  how  far  the  iiractice  prevails  under  the  views  referred  to  of 
withholding  these  fees  from  the  official  reports;  but  in  my  opinion  it  is 
sufficiently  imi)ortant  to  be  inquired  into,  and  I  would  therefore  recom- 
mend that  consuls  be  required  to  forward  to  this  office  with  their 
returns  quarterly  reports  of  their  notarial  fees.  These  reports  would 
furnish  the  information  necessary  to  insure  accuracy  and  uniformity  in 
this  matter  of  accounts  which  can  not  be  definitely  ascertained  under 
the  ijresent  system. 

******* 

Eclief  of  seamen. — As  shown  by  Tables  F  and  G  of  the  appendix, 
accounts  for  relief  of  seamen,  and  wages,  were  adjusted  with  the  fol- 
lowing results : 

Board  and  lodging $8, 196.  38 

Clothing 4,  035.  92 

Medical  aid 4,  034.  08 


252  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Other  expenses $6,  087. 88 

Loss  by  exchange 131.92 

$6,229.70 

Passage  to  the  United  States,  paid  at  the  Treasury 10,  000. 00 

Total 32,  496.  83 

Aniouwt  of  extra  wages  and  arrears  collected 193,  852.  27 

Amount  of  extra  wages  and  arrears  paid  to  seamen 182,  9-10.  26 

Amount  of  extra  wages  and  arrears  paid  for  relief 7,  727.  61 

Amount  of  extra  wages  and  arrears  in  hands  of  consuls 3, 184.  37 

Total - 193,852.27 

Total  relief  afforded 32,496.83 

Wages  and  extra  wages  applied 7,  727. 64 

Amount  jjaid  by  the  United  States 24,  769. 19 

Balance  of  appropriation  unexpended  October  20, 1893 25,  230.  81 

Total  sum  appropriated 50,  000.  00 

In  round  numbers,  the  Government  paid  for  relief  and  protection  of 
destitute  American  seamen,  for  the  last  live  years,  the  following-  sums, 
viz:  1889,  837,200;  1890,  $38,300;  1891,  $33,900;  1892,  $36,500;  1893, 
$24,709.19.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  expenditure  for  the  fiscal  year 
just  ended  is  less  than  the  average  for  that  period  by  more  than  $10,000 ; 
and  yet  the  number  of  seamen  relieved  is  not  greatly  difterent  from  the 
average  number  for  the  said  period,  making  a  net  saving  of  about  $9 
on  each  seaman  relieved  during  the  fiscal  year  1893,  as  compared  wath 
the  other  years  above  set  forth. 

Other  expenses  of  the  foreign  service. — Accounts,  other  than  those 
hereinbefore  reported,  and  in  addition  to  the  amounts  which  are  included 
in  the  table  coming  immediately  after  this,  of  disbursing  clerk's 
accounts,  adjusted  during  the  year;  relating  to  appropriations,  are  as 
follows : 

International  Union  of  American  Republics $5,  702. 10 

International  boundary  survey,  United  States  and  Mexico 89,  078.  47 

International  Bureau  of  Weights  and  Measures 3,  300.  88 

International  Bureau  for  Publication  of  Customs  Tarilis 2,  637.  52 

Continental  Railway  Commission 45,  036. 50 

International  Monetary  Conference  at  Brussels 931.  41 

Publication  of  consular  and  commercial  reports,  1893 13,  796. 17 

Annual  expenses  Capo  Spartel  light,  1893 300.  00 

Refuiuling  penalties  or  cliarges  erroneously  exacted 44.  00 

Fees  and  costs  in  extradition  cases,  1893 2,  357.  47 

Steam  launch  for  legation  at  Constantinople 1,  081. 54 

Buildings  and  grounds  for  legation  in  China,  1893 1,  374.  37 

Transporting  remains  of  diploma.tic  ofiQcers,  consuls,  and  consular  clerks, 

1893 57.25 

Rescuing  shipwrecked  American  seamen,  1893 395. 00 

Foreign  liospital  at  Panama,  1893 500.  00 

Bringing  home  criminals,  1893 264.  62 

Tribunal  of  Arbitration  at  Pari s ^ 15,  039.  98 

Columbian  Historical  Exposition  at  Madrid 17, 163.  98 

Payment  to  heirs  of  Alexander  Clark 4,000.00 

Payment  to  widow  of  Bayless  W.  Hanna 5,  375.  00 

Relief  of  George  W.  Jones,  late  minister  to  Bogota 480.  76 

Binding  manuscript  papers.  Department  of  State 2,  Oil.  48 

******* 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully, 

TH03IAS  HOLCOMB, 

Fifth  Auditor, 
Hon.  John  G.  Carlisle, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


253 


EEPOET  OF  THE  SIXTH  AUDITOE. 

Treasury  Department, 

Sixth  Auditor's  Office, 
Washington,  D.  C,  Octoler  20,  1893. 

Sir:  I  have  tlie  liouor  to  submit  tbe  following  report  of  tlie  business 
operations  of  this  office  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893. 

My  annual  report  to  the  Postmaster-General,  exhibiting  in  detail  the 
financial  transactions  of  the  Post-OfQce  Department,  has  been  completed 
and  submitted. 


recording  division. 

This  division  audits  and  adjusts  money-order  and  postal-note  accounts, 
and  has  charge  of  the  correspondence  relating  thereto. 

The  weekly  statements  of  postmasters  are  received  from  the  inspect- 
ing division,  the  footings  entered  in  registers,  and  entries  of  deposits, 
drafts,  and  transfers  verified  by  corai^arison  with  journal  records  of  the 
original  vouchers.  Accounts  are  adjusted  quarterly  and  postmasters 
instructed  to  take  credit  for  accrued  commissions.  Differences  between 
accounts  as  rendered  and  as  audited  are  indicated  by  error  circulars, 
and  postmasters  directed  to  correct  their  accounts  accordingly. 

Credits  claimed  upon  defective  vouchers  are  disallowed  and  the 
vouchers  returned  for  perfection. 

Statements  as  received  are  filed  by  States  alphabetically  in  guard 
books  and  monitors. 

A  jacket  is  kept  for  each  postmaster,  and  all  correspondence  aud 
special  vouchers  pertaining  to  his  accounts  filed  therein. 

Accounts  of  late  postmasters  are  adjusted  by  payment,  transfer,  or 
collection,  as  indicated  by  the  balance. 

Detailed  statements  of  accounts  are  i^repared  and  submitted  for  suit 
when  balances  due  the  United  States  are  not  paid  after  demand  has 
been  made  on  late  iiostmasters  and  their  sureties. 

Vouchers  are  assorted,  filed,  and  preserved. 

Quarterly  and  annual  statements  of  the  money-order  and  postal-note 
transactions  of  the  United  States,  both  domestic  and  international, 
with  the  revenue  derived  therefrom,  are  i)repared  for  the  information 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  and  the  Postmaster-General. 

The  following  table  shows  the  principal  transactions  of  this  division 
for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893 : 


Transactions. 

Number. 

Amount. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

Number. 

Amount. 

Number. 

Amount. 

Weekly  statements  received, 

Ul,  314 

13,  309,  735 
7,753,210 

105,  870 

449,  507 
242, 170 
18,856 
40,  250 
20,483 
71,001 

86,  730 

Money  orders  issued  (domes- 
tic) ..       .          ... 

$127,576,433.65 
12,903,076.73 

1,  CC2,  8D1.  40 

5,  740,  5S2.  87 
3,447,171.05 

330,  600.  06 
1,  304,  379.  73 

412,  872.  87 
1,407,584.93 

1,  240,  2;'3 
703, 170 

9,873 

24,  704 
9,110 

$7,  509,  032.  58 
1,007,311.22 

128,  035.  94 

281.277.45 
203,  819.  50 

Money  orders  issued  (inter- 
national) : 

Great  Eritaiu  and  Ire- 

German  Empire 

Switzerland 

24,  074 

$401,095.10 

Italy 

5 
1,883 
9,194 

13,335.40 
40,  307.  04 
158,  527. 03 

Sweden 

254 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


LnuKsactioiis. 


Number. 


Money  orders  issued  (inter- 
nal ii>ii:il)— Coutiuucd. 

Korway 

Belgium   

Poriujial 

iS'cl  Iierlands 

New  Soiitli  Wales 

Victoria 

Ja  jian 

New  Zealand 

Hawaiian  Islands 

Jamaicn 

Cape  Colony 

Windward  islands 

Leeward  Isliiuds 

Tasmania 

(Jneeusland 

Denmark 

Nov.lbiindland 

JjaliHiiias 

Triuidnd  and  Tobago... 

Anst'ia  and  Hungary. . . 

Britisli  Guiana 

Luxemburg; 

Money  orders  paid  (domes- 

tje)^ 

Postal  notes  paid 

Money  orders  paid  (interna- 
tional) : 

Canada 

Great  Britain  and  Ire- 
land   

Gorman  Empire 

Switzerland 

Italy : 

France 

Sweden 

Norway 

Belgium 

Portugal 

Netherlands 

New  South  Wales 

Victoria 

Jai)an 

New  Zealand 

Hawaiian  Islands 

Jamaica 

CajK!  Colony 

AVind ward  Islands 

Leeward  Islands 

Tasmania 

CJaeensland   

Denmark 

Newfoundland 

Bahamas  

Trinidad  and  Tobago. . . 

Austria  and  Hungary.. 

British  Guiana 

Luxemburg 

Money  orders   repaid  (do- 
mestic)   

Money  orders  repaid  (inter- 
national) : 

Canada  

Great  Britain  and  Ire- 
land   

Germany  

Switzerland 

Italy 

France 

Sweden 

Norway 

Belgium 

Portugal 

Netherlands 

New  South  Wales 

A'ictoria 

Japan  

New  Zealand 

Hawaiian  L-ilands 

Jamaica 

Cape  Colony 

Windward  Islands 

Leeward  Islands 


27,069 

7,  748 

759 

4,805 

797 

CGI 

2,639 

716 

436 

330 

100 

5C3 

201 

44 

153 

12,  257 

2,159 

97 

80 

39,  G29 

84 

63 

,  235, 032 
,  741, 423 


144, 193 

65, 765 

44,  422 

3.408 

1,944 

6,208 

3,82o 

1,56G 

1,681 

39 

1,827 

1,579 

1,426 

899 

2,  256 

2, 902 

2.071 

G20 

1,  095 

992 

239 

624 

2,025 

•2,855 

325 

492 

5,286 

279 

13 

90, 110 


904 

772 

73 

118 

240 

98 

24 

24 

10 

20 

11 

12 

7 

11 

5 

9 

1 

7 


$«20,  202.  41 

153, 411.  67 

17,  234.  28 

56,  536.  09 

21 ,  366.  52 

17,502.94 

87.612.32 

16,  021.  23 

10,718.61 

5,  087.  76 

1,  994.  41 

9,  555.  96 

3,051.35 

523.  85 

4, 120. 75 

217,811.09 

39, 2 17. 87 

1, 505.  63 

1, 404.  03 

740,  662. 43 

1,  249. 57 

2.  263. 28 

126, 865.  257. 69 
12,  914, 674. 30 


1,470,000.28 


970, 
1,581, 
100, 
63, 
127, 
175, 


7, 
60. 
96, 

4, 

8, 

210, 


799.  88 
273.  59 
997.  77 
047. 68 
023. 15 

256. 22 
761.  85 
203. 72 
497.  74 
966.  64 
197.  SI 
121.81 
717.  54 
497. 88 
377.  24 
060.  94 

422. 23 
773. 19 
180. 43 
093. 27 
8S9. 46 
765.  75 
SCO.  20 
184.41 

017'.  07 
724.  50 
014. 05 


852,124.01 


7,  498.  78 

11,  7.-.5. 12 

10,  229. 73 

1,  219. 08 

3, 133. 70 

3, 197.  21 

1,  CIS.  56 

301.95 

457.  38 

118.60 

200.  10 

177.  94 

190.  94 

110.05 

279.  90 

105.  65 

188.48 

12.  01 

39.52 


Increase. 


Decrease. 


Number.       Amount.     'Number.   Amount 


2,658 
1,073 


636 
50 
49 
9 
23 
82 
88 


,053. 
,278. 


1, 166 
174 
20 
74 
35,  506 
84 
63 

1. 283,  382 
72,933 


6,485 


1,476 
1,408 


.521 

406 


341 
137 


102 
560' 


0 

74 

90 
592 

97 

378 

4,  845 

279 

13 

4,493 


29, 
2, 

1, 

664, 

1. 

2 


7,  547, 157. 08 
1, 043, 281.  04 


3, 794.  02 
75, 139.  37 


11,317.60 
21, 427. 17 


3, 433. 10 
'6,'348.'7i 


188.  28 

2,  307.  22 

33, 243.  03 


8, 144. 94 

189, 443.  05 

2,  724. 50 

1,  014.  05 

28, 470. 43 


1,  540.  03 


51.  30 


204. 85 
25. 15 
87. 62 
IL  52 


641  '  $18,  402. 05 


266 

12 


16  ;   1,00.5.;:5 
22  !    461.  it' 


3,314 
111 


20 

'in 


C02 
10a 


59 
133 


11,  520. 40 


145, 004.  08 
•  760.  82 


4,0.1.00 


8,  746.  37 
2,387.11 
2, 587. 12 


5, 557.  51 


3,  485.  70 
10, 9U9.  06 


65, 458.  SO 

10, 483.  02 

850.42 


709.75     : 


734. 30 


1,  034. 85 
209. 47 
522. 28 
103.23 
39. 80 
36.91 
96.40 
63.80 


133.  03 
2.23 


108. 82 
42.01 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


255 


% 
i^'umher. 

Amount. 

Increase.              | 

Decrea.se. 

Transactious. 

Uamher. 

Amount. 

Xuml)er.   Anjount. 

Money  orders  repaid  {inter- 
national)—Contiuuod. 

3 

2 

28 
4 

$12.  24 
29. 48 

318.  58 
60.00 

3 
1 

7 

1 

$12.24 
16. 49 

.$42.  28 

18.00 



Trinidad  and  Tobago.. - 
Austria  and  Ilungary.. 

1 

185 

10.00 
2,  572.  56 

1 
183 

io.oo 

2, 605. 56 

1 

1 

30.00 

1 

1,  S29,  046 
1,  374,  215 

12, 527 

7,520 

30.  00 
9,  738,  510. 11 
8,  719,  845.  04 

10  1''8  490  69 

If  et  increase  in  transactions 

Ketincrease  in  transactions 

Ceitiflcates  of   deposit  re- 
ceived,   registered,    com- 
pared, and  checked 

Transfers,  received,  regis- 
tered,     compared,      and 

905, 584 

23, 1G7 
45,  662 

:,iGl 
ICG 

GO 
5  4'>0 

118,478,403.17 

2, 176,  703. 67 
12, 060,  737. 67 

82,  622.  29 

Drafts  received,  registered, 
compared,  and  clieclied  ... 

Money   orders    witlidrawn 
for  'examination   and  re- 

2,928 

87, 384. 10 

10 

Postal  notes  withdi-awn  for 
examination  and  returned. 

Detailed  statements  of  ac- 
counts made  for  suit  cases 
and  to  correct  errors 

Letters  written  and  trans- 

49 
16 

'■ 

3,104 

Commission,  error,  and  other 

circulars,  transmitted 

Money  orders  returned  for 

136  133 

15,  000 

2,000 
8, 191, 000 
4,284,000 

76S 
•972, 500 

Money  orders  assorted  for 

Postal   notes    assorted  for 

1,  654,  000 

! 

Eespectfully  submittGcl. 

Hon.  J.  G.  Carlisle, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


J]XO.  B.  Bradley, 

Auditor, 


EEPOET  OF  THE  SUPEEYISING  SPECIAL  AGEls^T. 


Treasury  Depart3iekt, 

Office  of  the  Secretary', 

Washinrjfon,  D.  C,  October  25,  1803. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  invite  your  attention  to  the  folloAying  sum- 
mary of  the  -o-ork  of  the  special  agents  of  this  Department  during  the 
fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893  : 

Eei)orts  aud  letters  written 7,  084 

Suits  brought Td 

Arrests  for  smniigling 78 

Arrests  for  violations  of  tlic  Cliiuese  exclusion  acts 61 

CiTstoms  districts  examined 47 

Seizures '. 318 

Value  of  seizures $63, 106.  63 

Reduction  in  expenses  recommended 30,  013.  05 

Amountrecoveredon  account  of  seizures,  fines,  andpenaltics,  and  increased 

duties  on  account  of  undervaluations  or  false  classifications  discovered.  353,  748. 13 
Salaries  and  expenses  of  si>ecial  agents 91,  661. 04 


256  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

The  sum  of  6353,748.13,  above  stated,  was-  collected  ou  a  variety  of 
iniportcd,  smuggled,  uudervalued,  or  falsely  classified  mercbnudise,  as 
follows:  Furs,  curios,  smoking  opium,  Japanese  screens,  costumes, 
parasols,  liouseliold  goods,  dog-^s,  woolen  goods,  silk  goods,  ribbons, 
hosiery,  kid  skins,  laces,  cow  and  calf  liair,  ivory,  liat  braids,  horses, 
wool,  manufactures  of  atooI  and  leather,  whisky,  musical  instruments, 
cutlery,  Swiss  underwear,  artiftcial  flowers,  desiccated  cocoanut,  per- 
fumery, toilet  preparations,  tenuis  balls,  wool  on  the  skin,  and  cloth- 
ing.    One  schooner  was  also  seized  and  forfeited  for  smuggling. 

Excellent  work  was  accomplished  by  the  officers  assigned  to  investi- 
gate frauds  at  Portland,  Oregon,  and  on  Puget  Sound,  Wash.,  in  the 
illegal  landing  of  Chinese  laborers  and  the  smuggling  of  opium.  This 
investigation  resulted  in  the  seizure  of  a  steamship  and  the  indict- 
ment for  conspiracy  and  snuiggling  of  16  persons,  8  of  whom  were 
officers  or  ex-officers  of  the  customs,  including  one  collector  of  customs 
and  a  special  agent  of  the  Treasury.  Although  the  smuggling  of  opium 
and  the  clandestine  introduction  of  Chinese  has  long  been  prevalent  in 
the  region  of  Puget  Sound,  this  is  the  first  instance  known  where  a 
steamship  company  has  apparently  had  for  its  chief  and  most  profitable 
business  an  illegal  trade.  Usually  smuggling  by  vessels  is  the  work  of 
members  of  the  crew  and  is  not  participated  in  by  the  owners  or  officers 
of  the  vessels,  but  in  this  case  the  owners  and  officers  seem  to  have 
been  the  principals  in  the  business,  as  is  shown  by  the  reports  of  the 
officials  who  made  the  investigation.  The  developments  in  this  case 
strongly  emphasize  the  need  of  an  improved  revenue-cutter  service  on 
the  Pacific  coast,  and  especially  ou  Puget  Sound.  The  seaports  of 
British  Columbia  thrive  upon  profits  gained  by  violations  of  our  laws. 
Our  feeble  efforts  to  enforce  these  laws  are  laughed  at  and  our  customs 
officers,  unable  on  account  of  their  inferiority  in  numbers  and  want  of 
suitable  vessels,  to  enforce  the  law,  have  too  frequently  yielded  to  the 
corrupt  influences  of  the  smugglers  and  have  thus  brought  shame  and 
contempt  upon  the  public  service.  The  remedy  for  this  disgraceful 
condition  of  affairs  lies  in  a  vigorous  and  honest  enforcement  of  the 
customs  laws.  But  there  can  not  be  vigorous  administration  unless 
suitable  vessels  are  provided  to  meet  on  an  equality  the  swift  craft 
employed  by  the  smugglers.  With  modern-built,  speedy  vessels  and 
determined  work  by  the  collector  and  his  subordinates  the  customs  serv- 
ice of  the  United  States  ou  Puget  Sound,  now  held  in  contempt  by 
the  freebooters,  would  command  respect  and  the  law  would  be  vindi- 
cated. But  snuiggling,  as  a  means  of  putting  upon  our  market  the 
product  of  the  opium  factories  in  British  Columbia,  will  continue  so 
long  as  a  premium  is  virtually  offered  by  the  United  States  for  illegal 
importations  by  the  imposition  of  a  duty  of  $12  per  pound  upon  this 
drug.  This  is  a  constant  incentive  to  smuggling,  and  while  thousands 
of  pounds  are  brought  in  annually  from  British  Columbia  none  of  it 
has  ever  been  entered  for  duty.  One  of  two  courses  should  be  adopted 
by  the  Government  with  respect  to  prepared  opium.  Either  (1)  ])ro- 
hibit  its  importation  altogether,  andprovide  that  whenever  and  wher- 
ever the  drug  may  be  f  iuud  within  the  limits  of  the  United  States  it 
shall  be  seized  and  destroyed;  that  the  officer  making  the  seizure  shall 
receive  an  award  equal  to  at  least  one-fourth  of  the  value  of  the  opium 
seized,  and  that  persons  giving  information  leading  to  the  seizure  of 
such  opium  shall  be  paid  a  compensation  for  such  information  equal  to 
one-fourth  of  the  value  of  the  article  seized;  or  (2)  reduce  the  duty  to 
not  more  than  $4  per  pound.  This  latter  course  would  destroy  the 
profits  of  the  smugglers  and  tend  to  bring  the  trade  into  legitimate 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  TREASURY.     257 

channels,  besides  affording  a  large  revenue,  and  would  perhaps  be  the 
more  feasible  remedy,  inasmuch  as  a  prohibitory  law  would  not  pre- 
vent clandestine  imi^ortations  to  supply  the  large  demand  for  or)ium. 
The  present  high  rate  of  |12  per  pound  discourages  legitimate  impor- 
tations and  furnishes  such  large  profits  to  smugglers  that  the  busi- 
ness is  eagerly  and  almost  openly  carried  on.  Customs  oificers  are 
corrupted  and  communities  demoralized  by  this  infamous  business. 
The  Governmciit  can  not  be  held  blameless  for  these  shameful  facts 
so  long  as  it  holds  out  an  inducement  to  violate  the  law  by  the 
imposition  of  so  high  a  rate  of  duty  and  fails  to  furnish  efficient  means 
to  enforce  its  collection. 

Many  seizures  of  clothing  smnggled  from  Canada  have  been  made 
by  special  officers  detailed  to  duty  upon  the  frontier.  Certain  Canadian 
tailors  send  agents  to  the  United  States  to  canvass  for  business  in  our 
cities,  and  agree  to  deliver  custom-made  clothing  by  exju^ess  free  of 
duty.  The  i)ackages  containing  such  clothing  are  smuggled  across  the 
boundary  line  and  shijoped  from  some  convenient  express  office  to  desti- 
nation. Sleeping  car  porters,  conductors,  and  baggage  men  have  been 
emi)loyed  in  this  work,  and  it  was  discovered  in  a  recent  investigation 
that  mail  bags  were  used  to  conceal  valuable  furs  shipped  by  a  large 
dealer  in  Quebec,  who  has  for  years  sold  his  goods  to  American  tourists, 
to  be  delivered  through  his  agents,  who  smuggle  them  in  the  manner 
described.  It  is  stated  that  during  the  past  few  years  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  dollars  worth  of  furs  have  been  brought  into  the  United 
States  from  this  man's  establishment  without  payment  of  duty. 

Shopkeepers  in  Canadian  towns  within  easy  reach  of  American  sum- 
mer resorts  upon  the  lakes  and  the  St.  Lawrence  derive  large  profits 
from  the  patronage  of  guests  stopping  at  the  numerous  hotels  in  that 
region.  Excursion  boats  make  frequent  daily  trips,  touching  at  all 
places  of  importance  on  both  sides  of  the  river,  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
Thousand  Islands,  and  there  is  much  petty  smuggling  by  women  as  well 
as  by  men,  who  go  from  the  summer  hotels  to  Canada  for  a  few  hours 
for  the  express  purpose  of  shopping.  Officers  who  have  visited  these 
Canadian  stores  report  that  they  are  largely  supported  by  this  class  of 
trade.  The  smugglers  possess  such  great  natural  advantages  over  the 
customs  officers  on  the  frontier  that  the  latter,  however  alert  and  effi- 
cient, are  apt  to  come  off  second  best  in  the  contest.  This  illicit  trade 
is  not  confined  to  articles  of  large  value  and  small  bulk  like  opium,  but 
horses,  cattle,  eggs,  and  fish  by  the  boat  load,  are  smuggled  with  little 
fear  of  detection. 

The  officers  under  the  direction  of  the  collectors  in  the  several  cus- 
toms districts  are  usually  assigned  to  regular  duties  in  connection  with, 
legitimate  importations,  and  find  little  time  to  look  after  smugglers 
whose  operations  are  as  a  rule  carried  on  under  cover  of  night.  The 
number  of  special  officers  whose  duty  it  is  to  prevent  and  detect  frauds 
is  too  small  to  cope  successfully  with  the  smugglers.  Some  of  these 
officers,  who  have  had  large  experience,  make  many  seizures  and  arrests, 
but  the  goods  so  seized  represent  but  a  small  fraction  of  the  merchan- 
dise successfully  smuggled.  In  view  of  these  facts  the  suggestion  made 
last  year  is  renewed,  that  a  strong  preventive  and  detective  force  should 
be  organized  for  duty  on  the  frontier  under  direction  of  the  special 
agents  in  charge  of  districts,  to  cooperate  with  the  local  customs  offi- 
cers and  to  be  subject  to  change  from  point  to  point  as  the  exigencies 
of  the  service  may  require.  The  men  appointed  to  this  duty  should  be 
possessed  of  suitable  physical  and  mental  qualifications  and  should  not 
be  retained  in  the  service  unless  their  efficiency  is  proven  by  substan- 
Ab.  93 17 


258  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

tial  results.  Siicli  a  corps  of  weil-disciplined  officers  conld,  it  is 
believed,  break  up  the  illei;al  trade  described. 

I  also  desire  to  renew  the  suggestion  in  my  last  report  concerning 
awiuds  to  cnstonis  officers  wiio  detect  and  seize  smuggled  goods.  The 
law  providing  for  such  awards  is  intended  as  a  stimulus  to  activity 
and  vigilance  by  customs  officers;  but  it  also  contains  a  i)rovision  that 
iio  award  shall  be  made  to  the  seizing  officer  exceeding  50  per  cent  of 
the  net  i^roceeds  aftei'  deducting  the  lawful  duty  upon  the  merchandise 
seized.  Opium  and  cigars  which  are  smuggled  in  large  quantities  are 
subject  to  high  duties  exceeding  the  amounts  realized  from  the  sale  of 
the  goods  so  that  tlie  seizing  officer,  no  matter  how  active  and  meri- 
torious, or  how  important  thecase,  or  how  valuable  the  goods  seized,  is 
precluded  from  the  benefit  of  any  award.  Then,  too,  the  words  "  detect 
and  seize"  have  been  so  construed  as  to  deprive  an  officer  of  an  award 
in  any  case  Avhere  his  action  luis  resulted  from  information  furnished 
to  V''"i  '^y  ^  person  not  an  officer  although  tlsat  information  was  only 
a  clue  enabling  him  to  make  an  investigation  which  resulted  in  the 
seizure.  In  other  words,  it  has  been  decided  by  the  Departmeiit  that 
as  tlie  law  also  provides  for  the  payment  of  awards  to  informers  not 
officers,  there  can  not  be  an  informer  and  seizoi'  in  the  same  case.  If  the 
principle  underlying  the  law  providing  for  awards  to  seizing. officers  is 
a  good  one,  it  should  be  relieved  of  the  features  which  now  render  it 
nugatory  in  certain  cases,  and  officers  who  make  seizures  should  receive 
suitable  awards  v\dthout  regard  to  the  retention  of  duties  or  the  fact  that 
they  acted  upon  information  furnished  them  by  outside  parties.  The 
practice  of  pajing  informers  and  excluding  officers  from  benefits  in 
these  cases,  leads  to  corrupt  arrangements  between  the  officers  and  so- 
called  informers  whereby  the  informer  agrees  to  divide  his  award  with 
the  officer  whose  testimony  is  necessary  to  secure  favorable  action  ot 
the  court  on  the  claim  of  the  informer.  Actual  proof  of  a  case  of  this 
kind  has  come  to  light  where  $5,000  was  awarded  to  informers  in  an 
opium  seizure  a.ud  was  divided  with  certain  officials  under  a  secret 
agreement  previously  made.  In  other  cases  where  informers  have  been 
named  by  officers  there  is  good  ground  for  suspicion  of  similar  arrange- 
ments. 

As  legislation  by  the  present  Congress  upon  the  tariff  appears  to  be 
quite  certain,  I  beg  leave  to  suggest  the  elimination  from  the  sched- 
ules, of  provisions  wherein  the  imi^osition  or  nonimposition  of  tluties 
depends  upon  certain  conditions,  making  the  same  article  dutiable  under 
one  state  of  facts  and  nondutiable  under  another.  Such  provisions  in 
the  tariif  cause  much  trouble  in  administration  and  afford  convenient 
opportunity  for  fraud.  For  instance,  fish  caught  in  fresh  waters  with 
nets  or  other  devices  owned  by  citizens  of  the  United  States  are  free. 
This  provision  is  applicable  to  fish  caught  in  the  Avaters  of  the  Great 
Lakes  and  rivers  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 
By  Canadian  law,  however,  a  license  is  required  to  fish  in  such  waters, 
and  no  license  can  be  granted  to  a  person  not  a  citizen  of  Canada. 
This  would  seem  to  exclude  citizens  of  the  United  States  and  render 
l)aragraph  571  nugatory  so  far  as  it  relers  to  fresh  fish  caught  in  nets 
owned  by  American  citizens.  And  yet  fish  are  constantly  imported  and 
entered  free  of  duty  under  said  provision.  It  is  claimed  by  the  import- 
ers that  they  really  own  the  nets  that  are  used  in  taking  the  fi.sh,  and 
that  it  is  the  Canadian  law,  not  ours,  that  is  evaded.  Tlnit  such  a  pro- 
vision intended  for  the  benefit  of  our  own  citizens,  but  which  they  can  not 
make  available  except  by  an  evasion  of  the  laws  of  a  friendly  foreign 
country,  is  unwise  and  should    be  repealed,  admits  of  no  question. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     259 

A  great  deal  of  difficulty  has  been  experienced  by  customs  officers 
in  connection  with  the  entries  of  fish  under  this  law,  and  doubtless 
mucli  fraud  has  been  practiced  in  connection  with  such  entries.  Fresh 
fish  should,  therefore,  be  made  either  free  or  dutiable  under  all  coiidi- 
tioDS.  Another  instance  is  found  in  paragraph  493  of  the  existing 
tarifi",  which  provides  for  the  free  entry  of  bags  of  American  manu- 
facture when  exported  filled  with  American  products.  Under  this 
provision  large  quantities  of  bags  have  been  admitted  to  free  entry  in 
excess  of  the  product  of  the  American  bag  factories.  It  has  been 
ascertained  that  persons  in  Liveri)ool,  and  perhaps  in  other  Euro- 
pean ports,  have  done  a  profitable  business  by  gathering  up  second- 
hand bags  made  in  all  parts  of  the  world  and  shix)ping  them  to  the 
United  States  as  bags  of  American  origin.  The  only  proof  offered  that 
these  bags  are  of  American  manufacture  is  a  certificate  from  the  col- 
lector of  customs  in  San  Francisco,  or  some  other  port  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  that  a  certain  number  of  bags  manufactured  in  San  Francisco 
were  exported  as  coverings  for  grain.  But  since  there  are  no  especial 
characteristics  of  American  bags  to  distinguish  them  from  bags  of 
foreign  make,  customs  officers  can  not  determine  by  inspection  whether 
bags  presented  for  entry  are  or  are  not  of  American  manufacture.  In 
consequence  many  millions  of  secondhand  bags  have  been  admitted 
free  of  duty  which  were  really  of  foreign  origin.  This  is  one  of  the  por- 
visions  of  the  tariff"  law  which  can  not  be  easily  and  safety  administered, 
and  which  alfords  an  opportunity  for  the  unscrupulous  to  make  money 
at  the  expense  of  the  United  States  and  to  the  injury  of  honest  traders. 
The  remedy  in  this  case  would  seem  to  be  to  make  all  secondhand 
bags  either  free  or  dutiable. 

Theatrical  costumes,  properties,  a  nd  scenery,  which  would  be  otherwise 
dutiable,  are  admitted  free  as  ''tools  of  trade"  of  theatrical  managers 
when  arriving  upon  the  same  vessel  with  such  managers.  This  is  done 
in  accordance  with  decisions  of  the  courts.  Managers  who  desire  to 
produce  a  spectacular  play  in  which  the  gorgeous  and  expensive  cos- 
tumes of  the  ballet  are  a  special  feature  may  effect  a  large  saving  in 
duties  by  going  to  London  for  such  costumes  and  bringing  them  in  as 
tools  of  trade.  When  large  quantities  of  valuable  merchandise  maybe 
thus  imported  free  of  duty  under  a  paragraph  intended  to  apply  to  the 
kit  of  tools  brought  by  a  mechanic  emigrating  to  this  country  it  would 
seem  that  said  paragraph  should  be  revised. 

In  my  report  of  last  year  I  referred  to  abuses  connected  with  the 
free  entry  of  wearing  apparel  and  the  demoralizing  j)ractices  inci- 
dent to  the  examination  of  passengers'  baggage  arriving  by  ocean 
steamers,  which  abuses  have  long  been  a  subject  of  public  comment. 
Although  the  tariff  act  of  1890  contains  a  modification  of  the  previous 
law,  intended  to  limit  the  free  introduction  of  wearing  apparel  to 
such  articles  as  were  in  actual  use  and  were  necessary  and  appro- 
priate for  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  the  passenger  on  his  journey, 
this  provision  has  been  so  construed  by  competent  authority  as  to 
recognize  the  right  of  home-returning  tourists  to  the  free  entry  of  all  the 
foreign  clothing  they  umy  choose  to  bring  with  them.  There  is  prac- 
tically no  limit,  so  long  as  the  articles  thus  brought  in  are  thei)ersonal 
wardrobe  of  the  passenger,  are  suitable  and  appropriate  for  present  or 
future  use,  and  are  not  intended  for  sale.  Thus  some  of  our  citizens 
escape  taxation  upon  high-class  wearing  apparel,  properly  designated 
as  luxuries,  while  those  who  remain  at  home  must  pay  the  tariff  tax 
upon  their  necessary  clothing.  Prior  to  the  decision  of  the  Supreme 
Court  in  the  case  of  Astor  vs.  Merritt  the  customs  officers  endeavored  to 


260  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

coufiue  tlie  free  entry  to  clotliing  wliicli  liad  been  worn,  and  largo 
amounts  of  duties  were  collected  on  new  clothing.  But  since  that 
decision,  wherein  it  is  held  that  clothing  is  in  actual  use  when  it  is 
intended  for  the  season  immediately  approaching,  and  especially  since 
the  board  of  general  appraisers  have  decided  that  this  decision  still 
prescribes  the  governing  rule  as  to  Avhat  should  be  exempted  from 
duty  as  wearing  apparel  in  actual  use,  little  can  be  done  by  customs 
officers  to  limit  the  volume  of  such  free  importations.  As  no  record  is 
made  of  the  value  of  clothing  admitted  free  there  is  no  way  of  estimat- 
ing the  loss  of  revenue  from  this  cause,  but  it  must  be  large,  and  it 
increases  year  by  year.  The  merchant  tailor  who  pays  high  duties 
upon  the  cloths  and  trimmings  used  by  him  has  good  reason  to  com- 
plain of  the  operation  of  a  law  which  admits  the  same  goods  free, 
Avhen  made  up  into  garments  by  a  Loridon  tailor  and  imj)orted  in  the 
baggage  of  a  vrealthy  American.  So  too,  oiir  dressmakers  may  well 
object  to  the  constant  free  introduction  of  foreign  silks  and  dress 
goods,  dutiable  at  high  rates  when  imported  in  the  piece,  but  free 
when  made  into  costumes  by  the  Paris  modiste  for  ladies  of  wealth, 
wbo  thus  save  enough  in  duties  on  their  season's  wardrobe  to  pay  the 
expenses  of  their  summer  outing.  Certainly  a  i^rovision  in  the  tariff 
which,  as  practically  administered,  results  in  discrimination  in  taxa- 
tion, needs  revision.  No  injustice  would  be  done  to  Americans  return- 
ing from  abroad,  if  they  were  required  by  law  to  furnish  schedules  of 
their  inirchases  in  foreign  countries,  and  to  pay  the  same  duties  thereon 
that  are  exacted  when  similar  articles  are  imxiorted  as  merchandise. 
Such  a  law  would  put  an  end  to  excessive  free  importations  of  wear- 
ing apparel  and  remove  a  just  cause  of  complaint. 

The  extension  of  the  immediate  transportation  system  by  the  creation 
of  new  interior  ports  at  almost  every  session  of  Congress  is  a  subject 
worthy  of  serious  consideration.  When  an  interior  city  or  town  is  thus 
made  a  port,  it  is  usually  done  at  the  instance  of  one  or  more  merchants 
for  their  convenience  in  the  entry  of  imported  merchandise  and  is  not 
of  esj)ecial  benefit  to  the  people  who  buy  and  consume  the  goods.  The 
customs  system  differs  in  this  respect  from  the  postal  service,  which  is 
for  the  benefit  of  all  the  people,  and  for  that  reason  must  be  extended 
to  all  towns  and  villages  regardless  of  expense.  Economj^  and  good 
administration  would  seem  to  demand  that  the  customs  lousiness  be 
confined  to  the  great  distributing  centers,  where  the  volume  of  imj)or- 
tious  justifies  the  employment  of  a  corps  of  experienced  officers,  com- 
petent to  protect  the  interests  of  the  revenue  in  the  appraisement  of 
foreign  merchandise.  The  expense  of  maintaining  the  smaller  custom- 
houses is  unnecessary  and  may  result  in  actual  loss  of  revenue  on  account 
of  the  inexi)erience  of  officials  therein  employed.  An  illustration  of  this 
danger  occurred  during  the  past  year  in  a  case  where  unscrupulous 
persons  imported  goods  at  Kew  York,  sent  them  to  a  smaller  port  for 
appraisement,  and  returned  them  to  Kew  York  for  sale,  the  goods  being 
largely  undervalued  and  passed  at  the  low  valuation  by  reason  of  the 
ignorance  of  the  officials  who  appraised  them. 

The  revenue  upon  imported  goods  consumed  in  the  country  will  be 
collected  whether  the  goods  enter  the  country  and  are  examined  and 
appraised  at  a  dozen  or  a  hundred  ports.  The  fewer  the  custom-houses 
the  smaller  will  be  the  aggregate  cost  of  collection.  Every  custom-house 
added  to  those  already  established  involves  additional  expense,  without 
bringing  in  a  dollar  of  additional  revenue,  and  may  result  in  actual  loss 
to  the  Treasury  in  the  way  described. 

Custom-houses  must  be  maintained  on  the  frontier  and  seaboard,  but 
those  at  the  interior  ports,  with  the  exception  of  cities  like  Chicago, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     261 

St.  Louis,  and  Cincinnati,  and  otlier  large  distributing  points  are 
nnnccessaiy  from  a  business  point  of  view,  and  sliould  be  abolislied.  As 
it  is  not  desirable  or  practicable  to  give  a  custom-house  to  every  town 
or  city,  and  tlius  make  the  customs  system  coextensive  with  the  po.stal 
service,  those  now  established  in  the  interior,  where  the  collections 
are  less  than  §500,000  should  be  discontinued.  Such  action  would  cause 
inconvenience  to  comparatively  few  i^ersons  engaged  in  imiiortiug, 
while  it  would  result  in  a  large  saving  in  public  expenditures,  and  tlius 
be  a  benefit  to  all  the  people. 

Hereto  appended  is  a  tabulated  statement  showing  the  business  trans- 
acted and  the  cost  of  collection  in  each  collection  district.  An  exami- 
nation of  this  statement  will  demonstrate  the  loropriety  of  abolishing 
a  large  number  of  existing  j)orts  which  return  no  revenue  to  the  Gov- 
ernment. 

Very  respectfully, 

A.  K.  Tingle, 
Stqjervising  Special  Aj/cnt. 
Hon.  John  G.  Carlisle, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


Letter  of  Hon.  Joseph  S.  Miller,  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue,  to 
Hon.  John  G.  Carlisle,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

Treasury  Department, 
Office  of  Internal  Eevenue, 

Washingtoji,  August  16,  1893. 
Sir:  In  accordance  with  your   suggestion,  I  have  considered  the 
question  of  raising  additional  revenue  by  increasing  the  rates  of  inter- 
nal taxes  on  articles  and  occupations  now  subject  to  tax. 

Attention  has  esioecially  been  given  to  the  question  of  increasing  the 
rates  of  tax  on  distilled  spirits,  fermented  liquors,  and  manufactured 
tobacco,  cigars,  and  cigarettes,  all  of  which  ar(}  now  taxable  and  which 
have  during  recent  years  yielded  about  99  per  cent  of  the  internal  revenue. 
The  following  table  sbows  the  percentage  derived  from  each  and  all 
of  these  three  sources  during  the  last  two  fiscal  years : 


Article. 


Distilled  spirits 

Tobacco,  ciii.ars,  and  cigarettes  . 
Fermented  liquors 

Total , 


rerccntage. 


1892. 


59.  347 
20. 149 
19.  523 


1S93. 


58. 831 
19. 807 
20. 217 


93.  855 


The  figures  for  previous  fiscal  years  since  1883  give  the  same  aggre- 
gate but  the  percentages  derived  from  each  vary.  The  average  per- 
centage of  collections  on  spirits  for  the  nine  years  ended  June  30,  1892, 
was  .58.223,  and  it  has  uniformly  since  1868  been  the  leading  source  of 
internal  revenue.  During  the  first  seven  fiscal  yea^rs  after  the  tax  was 
raised  to  90  cents  per  gallon  the  average  percentage  from  this  source 
was  47.722.  In  1883  it  was  51.232,  and  since  1883  it  has  never  been  less 
than  55  per  cent  of  the  whole  amount  collected  in  any  one  fiscal  year. 

On  the  day,  March  3,  1875,  that  the  tax  on  distilled  spirits  was  fixed 
at  90  cents  per  gallon,  the  tax  on  manufactured  tobacco,  including 


262 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Riiuff,  was  raised  from  20  cents  per  pound  to  2-1  cents  per  pound.  Tliis 
rate  continned  for  iifty  niontlis,  or  nntil  May  1,  1879,  when  the  rate 
of  tax  was  reduced  from  24  cents  to  IC  cents  per  pound,  the  tax 
at  10  cents  continuing  for  forty-eight  mouths,  or  until  May  1,  18S3, 
wlien  it  was  reduced  to  8  cents  per  pound.  It  remained  at  8  cents  per 
pound  for  ninety-two  months,  or  until  January  1,  1891,  when,  under 
the  tariff  act  of  October  1,  ^890,  it  was  reduced  to  the  rate  now  in  force, 
i.  c,  G  cents  per  pound. 

The  tax  on  cigars  and  cigarettes  has  also  fluctuated  since  March  3, 
1875.  Under  the  operation  of  the  act  of  that  date,  on  and  for  ninety- 
eight  months  after  May  1,  1875,  tlie  tax  on  cigars  and  certain  large 
cigarettes  was  $6  per  thousand  and,  on  all  other  cigarettes  $1.75  per 
thousand. 

On  May  1,  1883,  and  since,  t.(?.,  one  hundred  and  twenty- two  months, 
to  July  1,  1893,  it  was  and  now  is  $3  per  thousand  as  to  cigars  and 
cigarettes  weighing  more  than  3  pounds  per  thousand,  and  50  cents 
per  thousand  as  to  cigarettes  weighing  not  more  tlian  3  pounds  to  the 
thousand. 

The  frcfiueut  changes  in  the  rates  of  tax  on  tobacco,  cigars,  and  cig- 
arettes as  above  sliown  makeit  difficult  toinstitute  compansonsbetween 
the  percentages  at  the  different  rates  and  the  uniform  rate  of  tax  on 
distilled  spirits.  The  problem  is  still  further  complicated  by  changes 
in  the  rates  of  special  taxes  on  dealers  in  tobacco  and  cigars,  and  the 
finaj  abolition  by  the  tariff  act  of  October  1,  1890,  of  all  special  taxes 
on  the  m.anufactare  and  sale  of  tobacco. 

The  best  opportunity  for  comi)arison  is  found  during  three  certain 
periods,  as  follows: 

1 .  During  the  years  1S7G,  1877,  audl878,  when,  with  thetax  on  tobacco 
and  snuff"  at  24  cents  per  pound,  on  cigars  at  $6  per  thousand,  and  on 
cigarettes  at  .$1.75  per  thousand,  the  percentages  of  receipts  from 
tobacco  Avere  33.944,  34.544,  and  3G.0Sn,  respectively,  the  percentages 
for  spirits  being  for  thesaraeyears48.130, 48.295,  and  45.382,  respectively, 

2.  During  the  three  fiscal  years  1880,  188i,  and  1882  the  tax  on 
tobacco  was  IG  cents  per  pound,  that  on  cigars  $G  per  thousand,  and 
that  on  ciga^rettes  $1.75  per  thousand.  The  i^ercentages  of  receipts 
were:  From  tobacco,  in  18S0,  31.217;  in  1881,  31.52G,  and  in  18S2, 
32.219,  while  the  percentages  from  spirits  were  as  folloAvs,  viz :  1880, 
49.138  per  cent;  1881,  49.458  per  cent,  and  1882,  47.502  per  cent. 

3.  During  the  years  1884  to  1890,  both  inclusive,  uniform  rates  pre- 
vailed as  to  tobacco,  cigars,  and  cigarettes,  as  follows :  Tobacco,  8  cents 
per  pound;  cigajs,  $3  per  thousand,  and  cigarettes,  50  cents  i^er  thou- 
sand. During  these  years  the  rate  of  tax  on  distilled  spirits  continued 
at  90  cents  per  gallon,  and  the  tax  on  fermented  liquors  was  $1  per 
barrel.*  The  percentages  of  collections  during  this  period  from  these 
three  prii'.cipal  sources  were  as  follows: 

Table  of  Percentages  of  Internal-Eevexue  Eeceipts. 


Tear. 

Spirits. 

Tobacco. 

Fer- 
mented 
lifinors. 

1884 

63. 241 
no.  052 
59. 102 

55.  394 
55. 745 

56.  772 

57.  280 

21. 431 
2:j.  489 
2:!.  872 
25.  335 
24.  603 
24.  345 
23. 815 

14. 871 

18R5 

10.210 

1886 

16.  832 

1887      .                       .                               

18. 447 

1888 

18.  7C0 

1889                                                                 ...           

18.124 

1890 

18. 239 

More  exactly,  92|  ceuts  per  barrel,  7  J  per  cent  being  allowed  on  sale  of  beer  stamps. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     263 

Upon  iuspei'tion  of  the  above  table  the  question  naturally  arises, 
Why  is  there  not  a  unilorm  increase  in  the  collections  fronieach  source 
of  revenue  in  accordance  with  the  increase  in  the  population  of  the 
country?  An  answer  may  be  found  in  the  spirits  column  and  the  vari- 
ations tliere  are  largely  due  to  the  rei|nirement  of  section  3293,  Eevised 
Statutes  as  amended,  to  the  eilect  that  the  spirits  which  must  be  de- 
])osited  in  a  distillery  warehouse  must  be  withdrawn  tax  paid  within 
three  years  from  the  date  of  the  warehousing  bond. 

In  the  years  1884  and  1885  taxes  thus  became  due  on  an  unusual 
quantity  of  distilled  spirits,  and  these  spirits  were  withdrawn  in  conse- 
([uence  of  tlie  three  year  limitation  and  without  regard  to  the  demand 
for  consumption.  IMany  thousands  of  barrels  were,  in  order  to  com- 
ply with  the  conditions  of  the  bonds,  also  withdrawn  for  export  and 
were  exj^orted  and  in  subsequent  years  returned  to  the  United  States 
to  compete  for  a  marhet  with  the  spirits  withdraAvn  from  distillery 
warehouses  during  those  years.  Thus  overproduction  in  years  of 
plenty  has  oi)erated  to  depress  the  receipts  from  spirits  in  subsequent 
years  in  a  t\yofold  manner. 

The  same  disturbing  elements  now  prevail.  During  the  years  1890, 
1891, 1892,  and  1893  there  has  been  a  steady  increase  in  the  withdrawals 
of  taxq)aid  si)irits,  largely  due  to  heavy  production  during  the  j-ears 
1887,  1888,  1880,  and  ]S90,  respectively.  When,  as  may  happen  any 
year,  the  tax-paid  withdrawals  fall  off,  the  casual  observer  may  attribute 
the  decrease  to  fraud  when  it  may  be  due  to  the  light  product  of  the 
third  year  preceding. 

Great  caution  should  be  used  in  comparing  statistics  from  census 
reports  with  those  from  other  sources,  and  equal  caution  should  be 
used  in  accepting  conclusions  based  on  such  comparisons.  Caution 
should  also  be  used  in  accep)tiug  statements  in  regard  to  the  rate  of 
tax  on  distilled  spirits.  The  tax  on  distilled  spirits  fixed  by  the  act  of 
July  20,  1888,  was  about  70  cents  per  gallon,  not  50  cents,  as  may 
appear  to  one  wiio  has  not  closely  examined  the  law. 

When  by  the  act  of  June  0,  1872,  (17  Stat.,  p.  238),  the  tax  to  be  paid 
upon  the  withdrawal  of  spirits  from  the  distillery  warehouse  was  fixed 
at  70  cents  per  gallon,  the  distiller  was  relieved  from  the  payment  of 
the  tax  of  10  cents  per  gallon  which  had  theretofore  been  assessed,  and 
he  was  also  relieved  from  paying  the  storekeeper  and  the  ganger  tiie 
amount  paid  to  these  ofiicers,  this  amount  at  that  time  being  a  sum 
nearly  equal  to  a  tax  of  10  cents  per  gallon. 

It  is  not  true  therefore  that  the  tax  on  distilled  spirits  was  actually 
increased  by  the  act  of  June  G,  1872. 

Nor  is  it  true  that  the  frauds  discovered  in  1875  were  occasioned  by 
the  act  of  March  3,  1875  (18  Stat.,  p.  339),  increasing  the  tax  to  90 
cents  per  gallon.  Although  extensive  frauds  were  unearthed  just  after 
the  passage  of  that  act,  it  is  a  fact  that  through  a  conspiracy  with 
United  States  ofiicers  these  frauds  had  been  in  xu'ogress  for  a  consid- 
erable time  before  its  passage. 

The  present  method  of  collecting  the  tax  on  distilled  spirits  has  been 
in  existence  twenty- five  years,  and  it  is  by  far  much  superior  to  the  sys- 
tems devised  to  collect  the  tax  on  tobacco  or  on  fermen.ted  (nmlt) 
liquors.  It  is  not  necessary  to  infer  that,  because  during  the  experi- 
mental years  prior  to  1868  the  two-dollar  spirit  tax  was  only  partially 
collected,  a  two-dollar  tax  can  not  be  collected  now,  when  a  very  diifer- 
ent  state  of  affairs  exists. 

It  does  not  appear  to  be  logical  to  conclude  that  the  two-dollar  rate, 
or  any  rate  higher  than  90  cents  per  gallon,  is  a  higher  rate  than  can 


264 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


be  collected  from  spirits  when  it  is  true  tliat  during  tlie  first  year, 
1863,  this  office  failed  to  collect  the  tax  at  20  cents  per  gallon. 

My  conclusion  in  tliis  matter  is  that  a  moderate  increase  in  the  rate 
of  tax  on  all  articles  (except  oleomargarine)  now  taxed  under  internal- 
revenue  laws,  would  result  in  a  corresponding  increase  of  the  revenue. 
EespectfuUy,  yours, 

Jos.  S.  Miller, 

Commissioner. 
Hon.  J.  (Jr.  Carlisle, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


i 


REPORT 


THE    SECEETARY    OF   WAR. 


War  Department, 

Washington,  N'ovemher  27,  1893. 
To  the  President  : 

1  have  tlie  honor  to  submit  the  annual  report  of  the  War  Department 

for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893: 

expenditures — appropriations  and  estimates. 

The  expenditures  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  were  as 
follows : 

Salaries  and  contingent  expenses $1,  992,  581.  95 

Military  establishment :  Support  of  the  Army  and  Military  Academy.  23,  377,  828.  35 

Public  works,  including  river  and  harbor  imiirovements 20,  518,  631.  41 

Miscellaneous  objects 6,  077,  033. 18 

Total 51,966,074.89 

The  appropriations  for  the  fiscal  year  ending'  June  30,  1894,  were  as 

follows : 

Salaries  and  contingent  expenses $2,  045, 196. 00 

Military  establishment :  Support  of  the  Army  and  Military  Academy.  24,  563,  980.  21 

Public  works,  including  river  and  harbor  improvements 17,  201, 165.  69 

Miscellaneous  objects 4,  213, 183.  89 

Total 48,023,525.79 

The  estimates  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1895,  are  as  follows: 

Salaries  and  contingent  expenses $1,  697,  016. 00 

Military  establishment:  Support  of  the  Army  and  Military  Academy.  25,  709,  895.  40 

Public  works,  including  river  and  harbor  im])rovemcnts 21,  463,  307.  65 

Miscellaneous  objects 3,  976,  280.  70 

Total 52,846,499.75 

205 


26G 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR. 


EXPENDITURES  FOR  THE  FISCAL  YEAR  ENDED  JUNE  30,  1893. 

Salaries,  contingent  expenses,  postage,  etc $1,  992,  581.  95 

Support  of  tlie  Army  and  military  estaLlishmcnt : 

Pay,  etc.,  of  the  Army $12,  458,  220.  87 

Subsistence  of  the  Army 1,  608,  306.  37 

Appropriations   Quartermaster's  Department  for 

support  of  the  Army 7,  755,  208.  48 

Orduaucc,    ordnance    stores    i.ud    supplies,    and 

manufacture  of  arms 837, 339. 56 

jMilitary  Academy 263,  409.  31 

Hospitals  and  Hospital  Department 253,  782.  81 

Ex])cnses  of  recruiting 120,  515. 87 

Signal  Service,  contingencies,  and  shooting  gal- 
leries    80,  985.  05 

23,377,828.35 

PuLlic  works,  including  rivers  and  harbors: 

Arsenals,  gun  factory,  i^roving  ground,  etc 957,  080.  32 

Uuildings  and  grounds  at  Military  Academy  and 

YN'ashiugtou 274,  892. 48 

Fortifications  and  other  works  of  defense 3,  206, 141.  20 

Military  posts,  etc 787,183.98 

Rivers  and  harbors 15,  293,  333.  43 

20,518,631.41 

Miscellaneous  objects: 

National  cemeteries,  roads,  etc 200,791.71 

Relief  acts,  artificial  limbs,  trusses,  etc 331, 465.  63 

Arming  and  equipping  the  militia 449,680.86 

Publication  of  official  records  war  of  the  rebellion.  230,  900. 39 
Support  of  national  and  State  homes  and  military 

prison 3,628,042.36 

Claims  of  States,  volunteers,  bounty,  etc 1,  042,  651.  05 

National  Encampment,  Grand  Army  of  the  Repub- 
lic   87,862.31 

Other  miscellaneous  items 105,  638.  87 

6,077,0.33.18 

Grand  total 51,966,074.89 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR.  267 

OPERATIONS   OF   THE   ARMY. 

Tlie  Major-General  Commandiug  the  Army  and  the  ofiicers  in  com- 
inaiul  of  the  several  geographical  departments  report  a  state  of  i^eaco 
throughout  the  year  unbroken  by  Indian  hostilities  or  domestic  vio- 
lence. The  only  active  duty  the  Army  has  been  called  upon  to  per- 
form against  armed  enemies  of  good  order  has  been  the  suj^pression 
and  punishment  of  violations  of  the  neutrality  laws  of  this  country 
and  Mexico.  That  duty  has  been  discharged  i3romx)tly,  vigorously, 
efiectivelj',  and  to  the  credit  of  the  troops  in  the  Department  of 
Texas. 

Of  the  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  bandits  engaged  in  the  attack 
on  Mexican  troops  at  San  Ygnacio,  on  the  10th  of  December,  1892, 
eighty-six  were  captured  by  our  troops,  and  of  these,  seventy-one  were 
subsequently  sentenced  by  the  United  States  Court.  The  civil  and 
military  authorities  of  Mexico,  through  the  customary  channels,  have 
expressed  their  appreciation  of  the  services  ijerformed  by  the  United 
States  in  suppressing  the  raids  of  outlaws  that  menaced  the  tranquillity 
of  both  sides  of  the  border.  The  general  commandiug  the  Department 
of  Texas  makes  special  mention  of  the  officers  and  men  of  the  Third 
Cavalry  for  arduous  duty  performed  in  the  capture  of  the  offenders. 

From  the  facts  and  conclusions  recorded  in  the  reports  of  this  de- 
partment for  recent  years,  from  the  ascertained  results  of  benefieia, 
legislation  by  Congress,  and  from  the  masterful  forces  of  civilization 
at  work  it  may  be  assumed  that  Indian  warfare  is  virtually  at  an  end 
in  the  United  States,  and  that  beyond  occasional  calls  for  police  duty 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Indian  reservations  the  Army  will  henceforth 
be  relieved  to  a  greater  degree  each  year  of  the  labor  of  armed  sur- 
veillance over  the  tribes  of  the  West.  The  demands  for  the  employ- 
ment of  the  Army  to  preserve  order  within  the  States  as  certainly  must 
become  infrequent  as  State  authority,  on  which  that  obligation  prop- 
erly rests,  demonstrates  its  complete  ability  to  discharge  it. 

The  changes  and  recognized  tendencies  toward  change  in  the  serv- 
ices which  the  Ai^my  is  maintained  to  perform,  and  must  hereafter 
perform,  Avill  evidently  involv^e  in  time  considerable  changes  in  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  troops  and  the  relative  proportions  of  the  branches  of 
the  service.  The  effort  to  maintain  a  maximum  numerical  military 
strength  in  which  foreign  powers  are  engaged  is  only  of  remote  interest 
to  us.  Any  considerable  increase  in  the  nnmbers  of  our  Army  would 
not  meet  with  i)opular  favor,  and  is  not  suggested  by  any  contingency, 


268         EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 

immediate  or  remote.  What  is  desired  is  a  maximum  efficiency  of  the 
organization,  sufficient  ehisticity  to  respond  readily  to  any  probable 
tension,  the  acquisition  of  the  mechanism  of  warfare  in  adequate 
quantity  and  of  the  best  quality,  and  such  a  disseminatioji  of  military 
instriTctiou  as  will  enable  the  Federal  Government,  in  the  event  of  war, 
to  summon  for  the  purposes  of  immediate  defense  a  body  of  its  citizens, 
not  unfamiliar  with  the  rudiments  of  military  discipline  and  service, 
sufficient  until  the  great  armies  which  exist  in  embryo  iii  our  free 
citizenship  can  be  enrolled,  organized,  and  put  in  the  field. 

The  present  organization  of  twenty-five  regiments  of  infantry,  ten  of 
cavalry,  and  five  of  artillery,  was  established  to  meet  conditions  which 
have  almost  ceased  to  exist.  At  thirteen  of  our  large  seaports  work 
has  already  begun,  or  is  projected  for  the  near  future,  wliich  in  extent 
and  nature  within  a  few  years  will  call  for  the  establishment  of  organ- 
ized posts  of  artillery.  The  conversion  of  a  number  of  organizations  of 
infantry  to  the  artillery  arn^  is  amanifestnecessity  of  the  period  directly 
ahead  of  us,  and  while  present  needs  do  not  call  for  specific  recommen- 
dations on  this  point,  the  certain  needs  of  the  future  should  not  be 
ignored  in  current  legislation  and  policy. 

The  abandonment  of  smaller  posts  and  the  concentration  of  the  Army 
at  imj)ortant  centers  has  been  in  x)rogress  for  some  years  and  must 
continue,  with  the  seaboard  and  the  frontiers  as  the  lines  along  which 
in  time  the  bulk  of  the  Army  must  be  massed.  This  patent  fact  has 
its  bearing  on  all  questions  of  the  establishment  and  expansion  ot 
military  posts,  the  construction  of  buildings,  and  the  accumulation  of 
supplies.  It  opens  up  new  fields  of  instruction  and  service  for  the 
militia  of  the  States  on  or  near  the  lines  of  national  defense,  and 
enhances  the  ijuportance  and  dignity  and  increases  the  responsibilities 
of  the  militia  removed  from  those  lines.  These  considerations  and 
others  point  to  the  need  of  progressive  military  instruction,  not  only 
in  the  Army  but  among  the  people,  and  in  general  directions  mark  the 
scope  of  future  operations  of  the  War  Department  and  the  Army. 

STRENGTH   OF  THE   ARMY. 

The  total  apparent  strength  of  the  Army  on  September  30,  1893,  was 
27,922  officers  and  enlisted  men.  Of  the  officers  nine  are  general 
officers,  sixteen  are  assigned  to  duty  in  the  Adjutant-General's  Depart- 
ment, seven  in  the  Inspector-General'sDepartment,  eight  in  the  Judge- 
Advocate-General's  Department,  fifty-nine  in  the  Quartermaster's  De- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


269 


partment,  tliirty-one  in  tlie  Pay  Departmeut,  one  as  Chief  of  tlie  Record 
and  Pension  Office,  and  thirty  as  post  chaplains.  The  remaining  ofacers 
and  enlisted  men  are  assigned  to  branches  of  the  service  as  follows : 


Medical  Department 

Corps  of  Engmeers 

Ordnance  Department 

Signal  Corps 

Cavalry 

Artillery 

Infantry 

Miscellaneous,  recruits  at  depots,  Indian  scouts,  etc 

Total 


Officers. 


187 
121 

58 

10 

432 

285 

864 


Enlisted 
men. 


787 

435 

525 

50 

5,902 

3,469 

11,676 

2,874 


Total. 


974 
550 

583 

60 

6,394 

3,754 

12,540 

2,874 


2,144         25,778 


27, 922 


With  so  small  a  force,  permanency  in  the  personnel  is  evidently 
desirable,  especially  as  in  time  of  war  the  Army  must  be  relied  on 
to  furnish  instructors,  drillmasters  and  noncommissioned  officers  for 
the  large  body  of  volunteers  that  Vv^ould  be  required  for  national  de- 
fense. This  permanency  is  already  secured  in  the  personnel  of  the 
officers,  as  during  the  fiscal  year  the  Army  lost  but  77 — by  retirement 
45,  by  death  18,  by  resignation  13,  and  by  dismissal  1.  Fifty  gradu- 
ates of  the  Military  Academy  were  commissioned  as  second  lieutenants; 
12  second  lieutenants  were  appointed  from  the  enlisted  men  and  twelve 
assistant  surgeons,  3  chaplains,  and  1  paymaster  were  appointed  fi'om 
civil  life. 

But  the  change  in  the  personnel  of  the  enlisted  men  was  very  great. 
The  Army  lost  9,456  enlisted  men  duriag  the  year — 2,338  by  expiration 
of  term,  1,075  by  purchase,  4,189  by  discharge  for  various  causes,  1,082 
by  desertion,  and  172  by  death.  The  recruits  for  the  year  numbered 
9,074.  These  figures  give  added  force  to  the  recommendation  of  the 
Major-General  Commanding  the  Army,  elsewhere  referred  to,  that  the 
laws  regulating  enlistment  be  modified  by  the  reduction  of  the  period  of 
first  enlistment  from  five  to  three  years,  and  by  the  rei^eal  of  the  act 
limiting  to  ten  years  the  maximum  period  of  service  of  enlisted  men. 
While  some  of  those  discharged  from  the  Army  reenlisted,  obviously 
the  Army  lost  a  large  percentage  of  its  experienced  enlisted  men  during 
the  year  and  was  compelled  to  fill  their  places  with  raw  recruits.  The 
changes  in  the  laws  referred  to  would  unquestionably  reduce  that  per- 
centage. Estimating  by  the  number  of  men  drawing  reenlisted  i)ay, 
the  ten-year  law  aflects  directly  about  0,000  men  who  have  already  had 


270 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR. 


five  years'  experience  or  more  iu  tlie  service,  and  are  presumably  our 
best  trained  troojis. 

Tlie  geucral  appearance  of  tbe  Army  at  inspection  and  review,  and 
the  condition  of  uniforms,  arms,  accouterments  and  equipments  is 
reported  very  satisfactory,  and  the  efficiency  of  tlie  noncommissioned 
officers  is  commended. 

DISTRTBUTION   OF   THE   ARMY. 

Tlie  distribution  of  the  Army  by  geographical  departments  on  Sep- 
tember ;^0,  1893,  vras  as  follows: 


Departments 

Californifi 

Colorado 

Columbia 

Dakota 

East 

Missouri 

riattc 

Texas 

Total 


Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Tola], 


127 

285 
120 
280 
400 
305 
213 
162 


1,  339 
3,488 
1,306 
3,534 
4,  812 
3,412 
2,813 
1,871 


1,4C0 
3,773 
1,495 
3,814 
5,212 
3,  717 
3, 02G 
2,033 


1,901 


22,  635 


24, 536 


With  a  steadily  decreasing  need  for  the  employment  of  troops  against 
the  Indians,  and  with  the  development  of  our  coast  defenses,  a  concen- 
tration of  the  army  on  the  seaboard  and  the  frontiers,  as  already'- 
observed,  is  manifestly  inevitable  in  the  not  remote  future. 

The  demands  for  the  detail  of  officers  on  detached  service  increase 
yearly,  and  will  necessarily  continue  to  increase  as  the  instruction  of  the 
Army  reaches  a  higher  plane  and  the  Army  assumes  more  extended 
duties  in  the  general  military  education  of  the  people.  Last  year  53 
officers  were  assigned  to  West  Point,  21  as  inspectors  of  the  national 
guard  of  the  States,  and  75  as  instructors  at  military  colleges  and 
academies.  For  the  recruiting  service  106  were  required,  75  were 
assigned  as  students  in  the  service  schools,  and  43  served  on  the  staffs 
of  general  officers.  Twenty-four  were  detailed  to  duty  at  the  World's 
('olumbian  Exposition,  6  to  the  arsenals,  5  to  the  Light-House  Board,  0 
to  the  military  prison,  and  12  were  on  special  detail  at  the  seat  of  Gov- 
ernment. Seventeen  acted  as  Indian  agents,  7  were  detailed  for  study 
abroad,  and  miscellaneous  special  duties  were  assigned  to  20,  making 
in  all  470  thus  detached  from  their  cominauds  for  longer  or  shorter 
periods  during  the  year  ending  June  30,  1893. 

Both  the  heads  of  the  several  bureaus  of  the  Department  and  the 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  271 

generals  commanding  geograpliical  departments  make  mention  of  an 
insufficient  number  of  officers,  and  while  tlie  Columbian  Exposition  tliis 
year  made  demands  on  tlie  service  which  will  not  be  repeated,  the  time 
is  not  distant,  if  plans  for  the  development  of  the  educational  purposes 
of  the  Army  be  carried  out,  when  the  number  of  students  at  the  Mili- 
tary Academy  should  be  increased. 

The  Quartermaster- General  reports  that  transportation  for  367,577 
persons,  0,948  animals,  and  99,092  tons  of  material  was  furnished  at  a 
cost  of  $2,280,915.70. 

At  the  end  of  the  year  there  were  ou  hand  6,047  cavalry  and  artillery 
horses,  293  team  horses,  and  3,981  mules.  The  mount  of  the  Army  is 
reported  superior. 

Of  $515,820.96  available  for  the  construction  of  buildings  at,  and  the 
enlargemeut  of  military  posts  designated  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  a 
balance  of  $120,397.30  was  on  hand  June  30,  1893. 

Work  progresses  satisfactorily  on  the  new  militaiy  post,  Fort  Ethan 
Allen,  Vermont,  and  on  the  enlargemeut  of  the  Plattsburg  barracks. 
Contracts  for  the  Omaha  depot  have  been  let.  Surveys  have  been  made 
for  the  proi)osed  military  x>osts  near  Little  Eock,  Ark.,  and  near 
Helena,  Mont. 

In  all  iiosts  which  give  promise  of  iiermanency  it  has  been  the  aim 
of  the  Department  to  construct  buildings  of  brick,  stone,  or  other  en- 
during material,  and  of  solid  workmanship,  with  regard  to  convenience 
and  improved  sanitary  requirements.  In  these  respects*  and  archi- 
tecturally our  military  structures  compare  favorably  with  similar  mili- 
tary structures  abroad. 

The  health  of  the  Army  during  the  past  year  has  been  excellent. 
The  rate  of  admission  to  sick  report  per  thousand  of  strength  was 
1,270.42  as  compared  with  1,304.78  during  the  previous  year  and 
1,459.05  during  the  preceding  decade.  The  lowest  recorded  admis- 
sion rate,  1,247  in  1887,  is  practically  the  same  as  that  now  reported. 
Excluding  the  recruiting  depots,  arsenals,  and  smaller  i)osts,  Fort 
Barrancas  may  be  regarded  as  presenting  tlie  worst  record. 

In  June  last,  upon  recommendation  of  the  Surgeon-General,  authority 
was  given  to  establish  in  this  city  an  Army  medical  school  for  the  pur- 
pose of  giving  special  instruction  to  approved  candidates  for  admission 
to  the  Medical  Corps  of  the  Army  in  their  duties  as  medical  officers. 
Tlie  course  of  instruction  will  be  for  four  months  annually,  commenc- 
ing on  the  first  day  of  November.  It  is  believed  that  by  thus  supple- 
menting, under  the  tutelage  of  experienced  army  surgeons,  the  college 


272  REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 

coiirscjj  of  the  yoimg  men  accepted  for  appointment  mucli  benefit  -svill 
be  derived.  Care  lias  been  observed  so  to  organize  the  scliool  as  to  add 
bnt  a  nominal  snm  to  the  expenses  of  the  department. 

The  Acting-  Judge-xVdvocate-General  reports  2,198  trials  by  general 
conrt-martial  for  the  year  ending  August  31,  1893,  or  28  less  than  the 
preceding  year,  and  14,988  trials  by  inferior  courts,  compared  with 
16,670  for  the  previous  eleven  months.  The  trials  for  desertion  reacli 
521,  or  46  more  than  the  previous  year,  attributable  in  part  to  the  more 
certain  apprehension  of  deserters  since  the  reward  of  capture  was  in- 
creased. As  the  total  number  of  desertions  was  nearly  1,700  the  per- 
centage of  apprehension  continues  small,  and  the  x)roblem  of  preventing 
desertion  is  still  unsolved. 

The  number  of  men  tried  by  inferior  courts  was  9,062,  many  of  them 
for  minor  offenses,  and  to  reduce  the  number  of  these  trials,  where  the 
penalty  is  slight,  it  may  prove  advisable  to  permit  com]iany,  troop,  and 
battery  commanders,  under  direction  of  superior  officers,  to  allow 
offenders  to  elect  between  trial  or  extra  hours  of  fatigue  duty  as  pun- 
ishment without  trial.  Obviously  the  frequency  of  trials  tends  to 
deprive  them  of  their  admonitory  effect.  It  appears  that  over  one-third 
of  the  enlisted  men  of  the  Army  were  tried  by  summary  or  other  courts 
during  the  year,  a  percentage  discouraging  to  recruits  and  conveying 
an  erroneous  impression  of  the  state  of  discipline  in  the  Army. 

PERIOD   OF   ENLISTMENT. 

Under  existing  law  the  minimum  period  of  enlistment  in  the  Army 
is  five  years  and  the  maximum  of  service  for  the  enlisted  man  is  ten 
years.  Both  limits  appear  to  have  been  fixed  under  misapprehension  of 
the  conditions  of  military  service  in  this  country.  The  Avell-nigh  unan- 
imous testimony  of  the  officers  of  the  Army  reinforces  the  conclusion, 
drawn  from  a  study  of  the  ultimate  purposes  of  our  military  organiza- 
tion, that  the  statutes  imposing  these  limits  impair  the  present 
efficiency  of  the  Army,  impede  its  ijrogress  toward  definite  though  re- 
mote aims,  and  should  be  modified  by  Congress.  Obviously  an  army  of 
25,000  men,  in  the  event  of  war,  would  be  barely  adequate  to  furnish 
tlie  number  of  noncommissioned  officers  and  well-trained  soldiers  re- 
quired to  command  and  instruct  the  large  volunteer  forces  needed  to 
defend  our  two  long  and  densely  populated  seaboards  and  two  long 
and  exposed  frontiers.  "While  war  with  a  foreign  x^ower  is  a  remote  con- 
tingency, to  provide  against  the  possibility  of  it  is  the  main  warrant 
for  our  large  expenditures  for  the  military  establishment. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  273 

The  fiinctiou  of  tlie  Army  is  to  furuisb  in  time  of  need  a  nucleus  of 
experienced  soldiers.  Men  capable  of  becoming  sucli,  and  willing  to 
make  their  careers  in  life  military,  are  clearly  tlie  most  desirable  ele- 
ment in  tlie  Army.  Its  numerically  insignificant  proportion  to  the 
entire  population  capable  of  bearing  arms  forbids  its  use  as  a  tempo- 
rary school  of  military  instruction  in  time  of  peace. 

The  Army  may  be  effective  in  aiding  in  the  systematic  instruction  of 
bodies  of  troops,  organized  under  State  authority,  especially  in  the  use 
of  heavy  ordnance.  It  may  be  effective,  through  its  officers,  in  the 
systematic  instruction  of  young  men  in  colleges  and  schools.  Excellent 
work  has  already  been  accomplished  in  these  directions.  But  the 
instruction  of  a  few  hundreds  or  thousands  of  individual  citizens  for 
ten  years,  at  the  end  of  that  period  to  be  turned  adrift  into  civil  life, 
puts  military  service  in  the  undesirable  category  of  uncertain  occupa- 
tions, with  no  resultant  benefit  to  the  country,  the  Army,  or  the  citizen. 

On  this  subject  the  Major-Geueral  Commanding  the  Army  presents 
these  weighty  considerations: 

"  The  benefit  to  the  country  from  the  military  training  of  the  small 
number  of  men  who  are  discharged  after  ten  years  of  service  is  quite 
insignificant.  They  do  not  amount  to  as  many  as  one  in  four  thousand 
of  the  arms-bearing  population  of  the  United  States.  In  a  country 
whose  policy  is  based  upon  universal  obligation  to  military  service  and 
the  development  of  the  ultimate  military  strength  of  the  nation,  and 
where  a  large  standing  army  is  maintained,  partly  as  a  school  in  which 
all  young  men  capable  of  bearing  arms  maybe  trained,  a  short  term  of 
active  service,  generally  of  three  years,  enables  the  Government  to  give 
that  training  to  every  young  man  capable  of  bearing  arms.  In  our 
country  the  Army  is  far  too  small  to  serve  as  a  valuable  training  school 
of  this  character.  The  organized  militia  of  the  several  States  serve 
such  a  purpose  to  a  much  better  advantage,  without  drawing  young 
men  away  from  their  civil  avocations. 

''It  therefore  seems  advisable  that  the  term  of  enlistment  in  the 
regular  service  in  this  country  be  reduced  from  five  to  three  j-ears,  and 
that  the  legal  restriction  upon  reenlistments  be  removed,  so  that  the 
War  Department  may  be  at  liberty  to  continue  in  service  those  enlisted 
men  whose  services  are  found  to  be  valuable. " 

For  some  years  j)ast  my  predecessors  and  the  Generals  Commanding 
the  Army  have  recommended  legislation  to  secure  three-battalion 
organi?.ation  for  infantry  regiments.     The   argument  for  the  change 

Ab.  93 18 


274  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 

remains  as  strong  as  ever.  Eleven  years  ago  General  Sherman,  before 
retiring  from  command  of  tlie  Army,  pointed  ont  the  great  advantage 
of  this  organization  in  eiiabliug  ns  to  put  a  large  and  effective  force  in 
the  field  upon  short  notice,  by  merely  enlisting  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  private  soldiers,  the  officers  and  organization  being  always 
ready  to  receive  them.    I  renew  the  recommendation. 

The  widest  diversity  of  opinion  exists  concerning  the  usefulness  of 
separate  organizations  of  Indian  troops.  Between  March  9,  1891,  and 
June  30,  1893,  the  whole  number  of  Indians  enlisted  in  the  line  was 
963,  and  the  actual  number  in  the  ranks  at  the  latter  date  was  771. 
Without  rexiewing  here  the  arguments  and  facts  adduced  against  and 
in  favor  of  the  enlistment  of  Indian  companies,  the  former  are  strong 
enough  to  render  inadvisable  an  increase  of  the  present  force  ^  the  latter 
are  strong  enough  to  justify  the  prosecution  of  the  exi)eriment  until 
further  trial  has  indicated  whethier  the  Army  can  wisely  be  recruited 
from  the  Indians,  and  if  so,  to  what  extent.  The  advisability  of 
employing  individual  Indians  as  scouts  has  never  been  called  into 
question. 

THE   NEW  MAG-AZINE  RIFLE. 

The  adoption  of  a  magazine  rifle  of  reduced  caliber  is  unquestion- 
ably the  most  important  step  taken  for  the  infantry  arm  of  the  service 
since  the  close  of  the  civil  war.  It  brings  our  Army  abreast  of  the!  most 
advanced  armies  of  Europe  in  the  matter  of  infantry  weapons.  The  rifle 
finally  selected,  the  Krag-Jorgenseu  modified,  was  not  chosen  until  the 
most  exhaustive  examination  had  been  made  and  oj)portunity  afforded 
for  reconsideration.  The  board  designated  to  select  the  arm  spent 
eighteen  months  in  examining  the  fifty  specimens  of  magazine  rifles 
presented  by  American  and  foreign  inventors.  Pursuant  to  act  of 
Congress  of  February  27,  1893,  a  board  of  officers  assembled  in  March 
to  review  the  conclusion  already  reached,  if  an  equal  or  superior 
weapon  of  American  invention  should  be  submitted  to  its  examination. 
Fourteen  arms  of  American  invention  were  then  inspected,  but  none 
meeting  the  requirements,  the  appropriation  for  the  new  arm  became 
available  under  the  terms  of  the  law. 

Work  was  begun  to  adapt  the  National  Armory  at  Springfield  to  the 
manufacture  of  the  new  weapon  in  September,  1892,  and  at  tlie  close 
of  the  last  fiscal  year  the  manufacture  of  the  old  .45  caliber  rifle  was 
discontinued.  The  change  in  arm  has  involved  many  changes  and 
readjustments  in  the  machinery  of  manufacture,  but  these  have  been 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  275 

made  and  a  limited  number  of  the  new  magazine  rifles  will  be  com- 
pleted and  ready  for  delivery  witliin  the  next  .sixty  days,  wliile  tlie  full 
supply  for  the  equipment  of  the  entire  infantry  force  will  be  delivered 
before  the  close  of  the  coming  year.  The  caliber  of  the  new  arm  is  the 
same  as  the  Eussian,  and  slightly  smaller  than,  the  German,  French, 
English,  and  Austrian.  The  Majoi^General  Commanding  the  Army 
recommends  that  a  reserve  supply  of  the  new  arm  be  provided  suffi- 
cient for  the  regular  troops,  the  organized  militia,  and  such  volunteers 
as  may  be  immediately  called  into  service  in  the  event  of  war. 

SLEGE   AND   FIELD    GUNS. 

Ten  5-inch  rifled  cannon  were  completed  during  the  year  at  the  Array 
Gun  Factory  at  Watervliet,  and  ten  more  are  in  process  of  manufac- 
ture. Carriages  for  these  guns  will  be  finished  during  the  coming 
year  at  the  Eock  Island  Arsenal. 

Ten  7-inch  howitzers  have  been  completed  at  the  gun  factory,  and 
ten  more  are  in  process  of  manufocture.  The  experimental  carriage  for 
these  is  being  made  and  will  soon  be  tested.  A  sufficient  number  of 
carriages  to  mount  these  howitzers  will  be  made  if  the  test  is  satis- 
factor3^ 

One  7-inch  steel  mortar  will  be  completed  in  March,  the  design  for 
the  carriage  of  which  is  not  yet  finished. 

Twenty-four  3.6  inch  steel  field  guns  will  be  completed  by  March,  and 
sixteen  3.6-inch  steel  field  mortars  have  been  completed,  with  carriages 
and  platforms,  and  will  soon  be  issued  to  the  artillery. 

Fifteen  3.2-inch  steel  field  guns  will  be  completed  this  year,  giving 
the  Department  in  all  165  guns  of  that  caliber.  These  serviceable  guns 
are  issued  to  the  Army,  to  the  service  schools,  and  to  an  extent  to  the 
militia.  The  issue  of  a  limited  number  to  colleges  and  schools  which 
manifest  an  especial  interest  in  military  instruction  and  show  a  large 
enrollment  for  the  purj)ose  may  hereafter  be  deemed  advisable.  It  is 
earnestly  recommended  that  the  manufacture  of  these  guns  be 
continued. 

Four  3-inch  mountain  guns,  purchased  of  private  manufacturers 
will  soon  be  placed  in  service. 

SEACOAST  DEFENSE. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  the  fortifications  and  seacoast 
defenses  of  the  United  States  in  extent  and  armament  fully  met  the 


276  REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 

requirements  of  the  period  and  insi)ired  our  people  with  a  sense  of 
security  as  well  as  elicited  the  approbation  of  competent  foreign  en- 
gineers and  artillerists.  But  while  that  struggle  gave  a  tremendous 
impetus  to  the  military  art  and  worked  the  greatest  changes  of  the 
century  in  the  methods  and  mechanism  of  warfare  on  sea  and  on  land, 
we  ourselves,  who  furnished  the  examples,  have  been  the  last  to  profit 
by  our  own  exi^erience.  The  exhaustion  following  a  long  conflict  and 
the  desire  of  oar  x^eople  to  be  at  i^eace  are  adequate  reasons  for  our  slow, 
progress  in  the  art  of  war  for  the  twenty  years  following  the  restora- 
tion of  the  Union.  But  within  the  last  decade  public  attention  in  this 
country  has  addressed  itself  vigorously  toward  our  insufficiency  to  meet 
a  foe  on  land  or  sea,  armed  with  the  appliances  and  inventions  of  recent 
years,  and  Congress  has  jiromptly  and  generously  met  the  popular 
demand  for  a  military  and  naval  armament,  which  shall  not  be  a  menace 
to  Oilier  powers,  but  shall  be  recognized  by  them  as  sufficient  to  eff"ect 
our  own  security  and  inspire  resi^ect  for  our  position  among  the  nations. 

The  project  of  national  defense,  upon  which  this  Department  is  now 
engaged,  takes  its  origin  in  the  act  of  March  3,  1885.  Under  that  act 
a  comprehensive  scheme  of  seacoast  defense  was  devised  by  a  board  on 
fortifications,  of  which  my  distinguished  predecessor,  the  Hon.  William 
0.  Endicott,  was  president.  That  scheme  contemplated  a  system  of 
fortifications  at  twenty-seven  of  the  principal  ]iorts  of  the  country  (to 
which  Puget  Sound  was  subsequently  added),  requiring  in  all  G77  guns 
and  824  mortars  of  various  calibers,  constructed  in  accord  with  the  im- 
provements of  the  age  in  material  and  mechanism,  and  mounted  in  for- 
tifications of  the  most  approved  construction.  It  was  estimated  that 
thirteen  years  would  be  required  for  the  execution  of  this  x)roject  from 
the  date  of  the  first  expenditure  in  pursuance  of  it.  One-half  of  that 
period  has  not  yet  elapsed,  but  the  progTess  thus  far  made  is  sufiicient 
to  warrant  the  belief  that,  \vith  adequate  appropriations,  the  essential 
features  of  the  plan  can  be  carried  out  within  the  specified  time,  and 
that  by  the  end  of  the  century  the  defenses  of  the  United  States  will 
forbid  an  attack  upon  any  of  our  principal  ports  by  the  most  formida- 
ble  fleet  afloat. 

Since  the  last  Annual  Eeport  of  the  Secretary  of  "War  the  first  detail 
of  the  comx)rehensive  scheme  of  defense  has  been  practically  completed. 
The  mounting  and  successful  operation  at  Sandy  Hook,  at  the  entrance 
to  New  York  harbor,  of  the  first  12-inch  breech-loading  steel  rifle,  the 
1,000-pound  shot  of  which  can  penetrate  23  inches  of  steel  armor  at 


i 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  277 

1,000  yards,  and  13.35  inches  at  12.4  miles,  with  a  lift  removing  it  from 
the  range  of  hostile  fire,  behind  a  wall  70  feet  in  thickness,  of  concrete 
and  sand,  is  the  proof  of  our  capacity  for  complete  self-defense.  The 
direct  cost  of  this  finished  type  battery  has  been  as  follows :  For  the 
12-inch  gun,  $-47,227 ;  for  the  carriage,  $19,899 ;  for  the  lifting  mechanism, 
$174,000;  and  for  masonry  and  sand  covering  of  the  emplacement  and 
battery,  $283,000;  in  all,  $524,126,  or  with  the  second  gun  in  position, 
$591,252. 

This  type  gun  is  the  visible  evidence  of  remarkable  progress  during 
the  last  eight  years.  It  signifies  that  within  that  interval  our  steel 
manufacturers  have  established  plants  which  can  produce  the  heavy 
forgings  required  for  these  high-power  cannon.  Between  the  date  of 
contract  and  the  first  delivery  of  forgings  for  the  12-inch  gun,  eighteen 
months  elapsed.  It  signifies  the  establishment  of  a  Government  plant 
able  to  assemble  and  finish  these  gans  in  a  fashion  elsewhere  unsur- 
passed. The  erection  of  such  a  plant,  and  theiuvention  and  manufacture 
of  suitable  machinery  for  it,  have  taken  several  years.  It  means  the 
invention  and  manufacture  of  a  gun  carriage  capable  of  bearing  the 
weight  of  over  50  tons  and  resisting  the  recoil  of  this  great  mass  of 
steel,  the  invention  and  construction  of  mechanism  to  lift  the  gun  body 
and  carriage  above  the  line  of  defense  until  the  fite  of  the  gun  has  been 
delivered,  and  then  to  retire  it  from  the  fire  of  an  enem3^,and  the  prepa- 
ration of  extensive  emj)Iacement  of  concrete  and  embankment. 

Time  was  a  large  factor  in  all  these  processes,  which  have  taxed  the 
inventive  and  mechanical  ingenuity  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  and 
Ordnance  Department  and  of  private  manufacturers;  and  in  producing 
types  to  determine  subsequent  construction  expense  was  heavy  from 
the  experimental  nature  of  much  of  the  work.  The  mounting  of  the 
first  gun  is  the  promise  of  reduction  hereafter  of  these  two  factors  in 
the  x)rogramme  of  seacoast  defense. 

PLANS   FOR    THE   YEAR. 

The  Ordnance  Department  has  under  construction  sixteen  barbette 
carriages  for  guns  of  different  calibers,  and  at  the  end  of  the  current 
calendar  year  this  department  will  have  in  readiness  to  be  mounted 
on  these  carriages  and  on  lifts  for  the  12-inch  guns,  and  on  disappear- 
ing carriages  for  the  two  smaller  calibers,  nine  12-inch  guns,  twenty 
10-inch  guns,  and  thirty-four  8-inch  guns,  besides  seventy-five  12-inch 
mortars.    The  Corps  of  Engineers  is  now  engaged  in  preparing  emplace- 


278 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR. 


ments  for  tlie  following  guns  at  the  following  points,  and  in  construct- 
ing casemates  wlience  to  operate  submarine  mines  and  torpedoes: 


Guns. 

Mortars— 
12-inch. 

Case- 

12-mcli. 

lO-incli. 

8-inch. 

mates. 

Portland  Me 

2 
4 
3 
2 
3 
6 

4 

16 
32 

4 

New  York  N  Y"           

2 

5 

5 

2 

2 

2 

16 

7 

Total 

4 

20 

5 

64 

24 

The  Chief  of  Engineers  reports  in  detail  concerning  this  work,  some 
of  which  is  already  finished,  some  approaching  completion,  and  part 
merely  planned  or  just  begun.  The  scheme  of  defense  for  the  six  ports 
named,  upon  which  progress  is  reported,  contemplates  for  the  present 
the  following  armament : 


Guns. 

Mortars  - 
12-inch. 

Case- 

12-inch. 

10-inch. 

8-inch. 

mates. 

.    18 

12 

21 

4 

5 

33 

10 

15 

15 

6 

10 
28 

10 
5 
9 
3 

48 
128 
.176 
8 
32 
144 

4 

Boston,  Mass 

New  York  NT                

4 
5 

2 

2 

19 

7 

Total 

93 

84 

46 

436 

24 

The  projects  for  the  defense  of  Philadeliihia,  Pa.,  and  Baltimore,  Md., 
are  not  yet  ready,  but  one  casemate  at  each  point  has  been  finished  for 
submarine  tori)edo  defense.  The  project  for  New  Orleans,  La.,  is  under 
consideration.  The  plans  for  the  year  include  the  defenses  of  JS'arra- 
gansett  Bay,  E.  I. ',  Charleston,  S.  C. ;  Tybee  Koads  and  the  mouth  of  the 
Savannah  Kiver,  Ga, ;  and  Pcnsacola,  Fla.  Work  will  thus  be  in  some 
stage  of  progress  at  thirteen  of  the  twenty-eight  points  recommended 
for  defense  by  the  Board  on  Fortifications  in  1885.  The  plans  for  Narra- 
gansett  Bay,  Charleston,  Tybee  Eoads,  and  Pensflcola  contemplate  for 
the  present  year  emplacements  for  three  12-inch  guns,  seven  10-iuch, 
three  8-inch,  and  four  batteries  of  sixteen  12-inch  mortars. 

SITES  AND  EMPLACEaiENTS. 

With  the  choice  of  a  model  of  a  disappearing  gun  carriage  for  the  10- 
inch  and  8-inch  guns  from  among  types  submitted,  which  will  prob- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  279 

ably  he  made  witliiu  a  few  months,  the  work  of  making  and  mounting 
guns  for  sea-coast  defense  will  outstrip  the  preparation  of  emplacements 
for  them  at  the  present  rates  of  progress.  It  is  desirable  that  the  two 
should  go  hand  in  hand.  The  number  of  guns  ready  to  be  mounted  at 
the  end  of  the  calendar  year  has  been  given.  By  the  1st  of  next  July 
the  Army  Gun  Factory  will  have  i)roduced  twelve  12-iuch  guns,  twenty- 
Seveji  10 -inch,  and  thirty  8-inch  guns,  to  which  may  be  added  one  10- 
inch  gun  and  two  8-inch  guns,  the  first  of  the  contract  for  one  hundred 
guDS  with  the  Bethlehem  Iron  Works,  ail  of  which  by  contract  are  to 
be  deliv^ered  before  or  during  the  year  1903,  and  eleven  8-inch  guns, 
concluding  the  contract  with  the  West  Point  Foundry. 

The  annual  capacity  of  the  Watervliet  Gun  Factory  wiU  be  fifteen 
12-inch  guns,  fifteen  10-inch,  and  twelve  8-inch,  to  which  in  time  will 
be  added  three  16-inch  guns,  should  Congress  see  fit  to  order  the  manu- 
facture of  that  caliber.  Provision  has  been  made  for  forgiugs  for 
sixty-seven  12-inch  guns,  one  hundred  and  six  10-inch,  and  seveuty- 
nine  8-inch  guns,  including  those  already  made,  and  those  in  process 
of  manufacture,  or  provided  for  by  appropriation  or  contract. 

To  render  these  guns  available,  fortifications  and  emplacements  for 
them  must  be  prex)ared,  and,  preliminary  thereto,  suitable  sites  must  be 
secured  in  addition  to  those  now  owned  by  the  Government.  The  Chiel 
of  Engineers  estimates  that  nearly  1,700  acres  should  be  acquired  at 
different  localities  on  the  coast,  and  as  much  of  this  land,  situate  near 
the  growing  centers  of  population,  continues  to  increase  in  value,  it  is 
to  the  obvious  interest  of  the  Government  to  aoquire  it  at  an  early  date. 
It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  on  the  one  hand  the  range  of  artillery 
has  increased  wonderfully,  and  on  the  other  x)opulation  has  extended 
fi?om  the  cities  since  most  of  the  present  Government  reservations  were 
acquired,  and  to  meet  both  conditions  in  many  cases  new  sites  are 
needed.  The  wisdom  of  this  policy  is  forced  home  by  the  fact  that  the 
Government  in  January  paid  nearly  $000,000  for  eighty-two  acres,  near 
Fort  Wadsworth,  N.Y.,  required  for  the  defense  of  ISTew  York  Harbor. 
The  estimate  of  8500,000  for  the  acquisition  of  sites  this  year  is  thus 
apparently  not  excessive. 

EXPENDITURES. 

For  fortifications  and  works  of  defense  during  the  year  $1,586,234 
was  expended  for  armament,  forgings,  gun  manufacture,  carriages, 
powder,   and  projectiles j    $730,000  for  gun  and    mortar    batteries; 


280  REPOKT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 

$033,739  for  sites  for  seacoast  defenses;  $105,619  for  torpedoes.  Of 
$552,079  appropriated  for  the  Board  of  Ordnance  and  Fortification, 
whose  duty  is  chiefly  to  consider  and  recommend  for  trial  experimental 
devices,  there  remained  on  October  31,  1893,  a  bahmce  of  only  $89,771 
for  general  purposes,  and  it  is  desirable  that  this  be  increased.  Atten- 
tion is  invited  to  the  estimates  of  the  Chief  of  Ordnance  for  armament 
of  fortifications.  It  is  believed  that  the  jDolicy,  in  the  execntion  of 
which  these  appropriations  are  required,  is  established  in  imblic  favor 
and  by  recognized  public  necessity. 

TESTS  AND   EXPERIMENTS. 

The  tests  of  the  12-inch,  10-iuch,  and  8-iuch  guns  have  been  some- 
what delayed  through  the  failure  of  our  manufacturers  to  produce 
suitable  powders  and  through  difficulties  arising  out  of  the  slow  prog- 
ress made  toward  the  establishment  of  type  carriages  for  the  10-inch 
and  8-inch  guns,  but  the  guns  have  answered  admirably  all  the  tests  to 
which  they  have  been  subjected. 

During  the  year  experiments  have  been  conducted  with  several  high- 
power  guns  different  from  the  established  service  models,  and  will  be 
continued  as  others  are  submitted  for  test. 

Present  contracts  call  for  the  delivery  of  one  8-inch  and  two  15-inch 
I)neumatic  dynamite  guns,  complete  with  carriage  and  projectiles,  for 
trial  at  Sandy  Hook  by  June  27, 1894,  and  three  15-inch  guns  of  the  same 
type  at  Fort  Winfield  Scott,  CaL,  by  July  17,  1894.  Though  this  type 
of  gun  has  met  tests  abroad,  in  this  country  it  is  still  to  be  classed  as 
experimental. 

Tests  of  various  quick-fire  guns,  submitted  by  private  manufacturers, 
foreign  and  domestic,  will  be  continued  during  the  year. 

MORTARS. 

In  our  general  scheme  of  coast  defense  the  12-inch  mortar  holds  an 
irai)ortant  position.  That  scheme  contemplates  the  use  of  824  mortars, 
and  provision  has  thus  far  been  made  for  80.  Two  types  are  employed, 
cast-iron  and  steql-hooped,  and  all-steel.  Under  private  contract  the 
Providence  foundry  has  delivered  30  cast-iron  steel-hooped,  and  the 
South  Boston  foundry  has  delivered  23,  and  will  complete  its  contract 
for  the  remaining  20  by  the  end  of  the  calendar  year  at  the  works  of 
the  Builders'  Iron  Foundry,  at  Providence.  The  type  all-steel  mortar 
has  been  partially  tested,  and  7  will  be  finished  at  the  Army  Gun  Fae- 


i 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  281 

tory  duriug  tlie  coming  year.  The  increased  strains  from  these  mortars 
have  required  modification  of  the  carriage,  but  the  type  of  carriage  for 
service  is  already  established.  Tv^enty-t^YO  of  these  are  now  completed 
and  57  more  under  construction.  Congress  is  urged  to  provide  for  this 
most  useful,  ecoiiouiical,  and  important  arm  of  coast  defense,  work  upon 
which  must  stop  during  the  year,  unless  an  approi)riation  is  made. 

GUN   CARRIAGES   AND   LIFTS. 

The  invention  and  manufacture  of  disai)pearing  gun  carriages  has 
lagged  far  behind  the  manufacture  of  the  guns  themselves.  The  adoj)- 
tion  of  the  hydraulic  lift  a,nd  suitable  carriage  therefor  meets  the  needs 
of  the  guns  of  12-inch  caliber.  Two  of  these  gun-lift  carriages  are  being 
made  at  the  Watertown  Arsenal.  But  the  type  disappearing  carriages 
for  the  10-incli  and  8-iucli  guns  have  not  yet  been  established.  To 
encourage  speed  to  this  end  the  Department  has  employed  the  system 
of  bonuses,  whicli  has  produced  such  satisfactory  results  in  the  Navy 
Department,  and  offers  additional  compensation  for  the  manufacture 
before  seven  months  of  a  disai)pearing  carriage  to  meet  the  require- 
ments. The  best  thought  of  the  Ordnance  Department  has  beeu 
addressed  to  this  problem,  and  the  Gordon  counterpoise  carriage,  the 
modified  Gordon  carriage,  and  the  Orozier-BufQngton  carriage,  the 
inventions  of  our  own  officers,  have  undergone  or  soon  will  undergo 
test.  Selection  from  among  them  is  deemed  probable  within  a  few 
months.  Delay  has  been  due  in  part  to  the  inability  to  secure  neces- 
sary heavy  steel  castings. 

No  difficulty  is  experienced  witli  tlie  barbette  gun  carriages,  of  whicli 
four  for  the  12-inch  guns,  five  for  the  10-inch,  and  seven  for  the  8-inch 
are  under  constraction  at  the  Watertown  Arsenal,  where  the  adapta- 
tion of  old  barbette  carriages  to  modern  ordnance  makes  good  headway. 
A  12-inch  minimum  iiort  casemate  carriage  of  German  make  is  soon  to 
be  tested,  and  its  acceptance  will  carry  the  right  to  manufacture. 

ARSENALS   AND   ARMORIES. 

Ordnance  and  ordnance  supplies  for  the  three  branches  of  the  service 
are  manufactured  at  the  six  Government  arsenals  or  by  contract  with 
private  manufacturers.  While  of  necessity  each  arsenal  is  engaged  in 
other  lines  of  work  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  the  main  lines  of  opera- 
tion at  eacb  have  been  established  as  follows: 

The  Watervliet  gun  factory  is  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  8, 


282  REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR 

10,  and  12  incli  guus  for  seacoast  defense,  of  modern  rifled,  field, 
and  siege  artillery,  of  steel  mortars  and  projectiles.  Of  the  seacoast 
gams  produced  liere  the  Board  of  Ordnance  and  Fortification  says: 
"For  i)Ower,  for  endurance,  and  for  accuracj^  these  guns  have  justified 
expectations  and  proved  most  serviceable  arms,  which  we  need  not  hesi- 
tate to  i)laceupon  our  new  fortifications.  Other  types  may  be  found  in 
the  progress  of  time  which  excel  these,  but  experimental  firings  at  home 
or  abroad  have  not  yet  demonstrated  the  existence  of  any  better  guns." 

This  establishment  is  completed  according  to  the  original  scoi)e  of 
its  work,  except  the  large  machinery  needed  for  the  manufacture  of  16- 
inch  guns.  Its  annual  output  will  exceed  original  estimates.  The  cost 
of  guns  assembled  there  has  ]iot  exceeded  estimates,  and,  with  the 
improvement  and  perfection  of  the  plant,  becomes  less. 

The  Watertown  Arsenal  is  devoted  to  the  remo'deling  of  gun  carriages 
and  the  manufacture  of  seacoast  carriages.  The  installation  of  a  mod- 
ern gun-carriage  plant  has  made  good  progress  during  the  year.  The 
foundry  is  completed  and  additions  have  more  than  doubled  its  capacity. 

The  Springfield  Armory  for  some  years  has  made  the  arms  for  the 
infantry.  Extensive  preparations  in  the  erection  of  new  buildings,  the 
establishment  of  a  new  power  plant,  and  the  readjustment  of  machinery 
have  been  made,  and  the  manufacture  of  the  new  .30-caliber  magazine 
rifle  is  now  in  progress.  During  the  year  20,761  of  the  .45-caliber 
Springfield  rod-bayonet  rifles  and  cadet  rifles  were  made. 

The  Frankford  Arsenal  produces  the  ammunition  required  for  artil- 
lery and  infantry  service.  Tests  and  examinations  i)reliminary  to  the 
manufactiu'e  of  ammunition  for  the  new  magazine  rifle  are  in  progress, 
but  for  the  present  it  will  be  necessary  to  produce  both  .45  and  .30  cal- 
iber cartridges.  During  the  year  the  chemical  laboratory  for  the 
examination  of  powder  and  explosives  has  been  completed  and  put 
into  operation. 

The  Rock  Island  Arsenal  furnishes  gun  carriages,  caissons,  and  bat- 
tery wagons  for  field  and  siege  artillery  and  equix^ments  for  the  infantry 
and  light  artillery. 

The  Benicia  Arsenal  is  limited  to  the  needs  of  the  ordnance  of  the 
Pacific  coast  and  to  tests  and  experiments  with  gunisowder  to  stimu- 
late its  manufacture  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

The  Proving  Ground  at  Sandy  Hook,  Xew  Jersey,  is  devoted  to  the 
test  of  heavy  ordnance,  powder,  and  exiDlosives  and  projectiles.  For 
manifest  reasons  its  needs  will  increase  with  its  growing  importance. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR. 


283 


PRIVATE   CONTRACTS. 


The  policy  of  tlie  Government  has  been  to  obtain  all  the  forcings  for 
heavy  guns  from  private  manufacturers,  but  to  assemble  and  finish  the 
guns  itself.  This  policy  has  been  deviated  from  to  the  extent  of  mak- 
ing private  contracts  for  the  following  finished  guns  and  mortars: 


Guns. 


8-inch.      lO-inch.     12-inc]i 


ilortars 

(iron), 

12-iiielj. 


Betlilelieru  Iron  "Works 

"West  Point  Foundry 

Soutli  Boston  Foundry 

BuUders'  I'oundry,  Providence  . 

Total 


25 


25 


73 


Whether  this  deviation,  which  was  ordered  by  Congress,  shall  prove 
a  desirable  precedent  or  not  will  develop  in  time,  work  nnder  the  con- 
tracts for  heavy  calibers  not  having  progressed  far  enough  to  warrant 
a  positive  utterance. 

POWDERS  AND   HIGH  EXPLOSIVES.  i 

The  invention  or  reproduction  of  a  ]30wder  which  shall  meet  the  re- 
quirements of  the  ordnance  which  the  United  States  are  engaged  in 
making,  and  of  a  standard  smokeless  powder  for  small  arms,  presents  a 
problem  to  our  powder  manufacturers,  the  solution  of  which  should  be 
profitable  to  them  and  a  source  of  j)ride  to  the  country.  The  manu- 
facture of  such  i)owders  is  in  the  exj)erimental  stage  in  the  United 
States,  and  abroad  it  has  hardly  more  than  passed  beyond  that  stage  to 
one  of  positive  x)rogress.  When  the  lack  of  such  i^owder  shall  have 
been  sui)i)lied  a  long  stej)  toward  self-sufficiency  for  national  defense 
will  have  been  taken.  The  tests  of  powder  during  the  year  have  not- 
been  satisfactory,  and  the  brown  powder  for  the  larger  caliber  of  guns, 
reproduced  by  our  makers  from  foreign  samples,  does  not  admit  of  any 
certain  anticipation  of  the  results  of  its  trial.  Every  encouragement 
has  been  afforded  to  manufacturers  and  inventors,  and  this  Department 
will  continue  to  afford  such  encouragement  in  the  belief  that  American 
ingenuity  is  equal  to  the  solution  of  the  problem. 

Interesting  experiments  have  been  conducted  to  obtain  some  high 
explosive,  available  as  the  charge  for  shells  to  be  thrown  by  mortars 
upon  the  decks  of  hostile  vessels.  Ammonite,  rackarock,  explosive 
gelatine,  wet  gun  cotton  and  emmensite  have  been  examined,    These 


284  REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  . 

experiments  iudicate  tliat  100  pounds  of  emmensite,  a  moderate  charge 
for  a  mortar  sliell,  can  be  tlirown  by  powder  with  entire  safety  a  dis- 
tance of  six  miles,  and,  exx)loded  in  the  interior  of  a  ship,  would  be 
decisively  destructive.  Experiments  will  be  continued  until  present 
conclusions  are  corroborated  or  new  ones  reached. 

The  manufacture  of  projectiles  for  the  various  branches  and  pur- 
poses of  the  artillery  service  is  conducted  at  Watervliet,-  Watertowu, 
and  Frankford  arsenals  and  by  i)rivate  contract.  Contracts  have 
beeji  let  for  armor-piercing  projectiles  numbering  248  for  the  12-incli 
guns,  422  for  the  10-inch,  and  312  for  the  8-inch,  and  the  first  lots 
delivered  meet  requirements.  Deck-piercing  shells,  furnished  under 
contract  for  the  12-inch  mortars,  have  not  yet  filled  the  contract  con- 
dition, i.  €.,  perforation  of  a  4.5-inch  deck  plate,  but  with  experience  the 
desired  result  will  doubtless  be  reached.  The  manufacture  of  pro- 
jectiles for  siege  and  field  artillery  equals  current  requirements  and  the 
arsenals  have  established  satisfactory  types  of  shraijnel  and  can  fur- 
nish it  on  demand. 

RESULTS   ATTAINED. 

The  magnitude  and  importance  of  the  work  of  seacoast  defense 
have  entitled  the  subject  to  somewhat  extended  review.  The  past  eight 
years  have  been  years  of  refiection,  investigation,  experiment,  prei^ara- 
tion,  and  manufacture.  They  have  given  to  us  a  gun  factory  at  the 
Watervliet  Arsenal,  West  Troy,  X.  Y.,  unexcelled  in  the  quality  of  its 
work  by  any  in  the  world,  and  of  a  capacity  limited,  so  far  as  our  needs 
are  concerned,  only  by  the  wishes  of  Congress;  they  have  given  to  us  a 
good  number  of  modern  high  power  guns  and  mortars,  serviceable  gun 
lifts  and  barbette  carriages,  the  early  likelihood  of  suitable  disappear- 
ing carriages,  some  proper  emplacements,  the  necessary  projectiles,  and 
an  experimental  knowledge  of  brown  and  smokeless  powders  for  heavy 
ordnance. 

RIVERS   AND   HARBORS. 

The  improvement  of  the  harbors  and  internal  waterways  of  the 
country,  a  work  of  immense  consequence  to  our  commerce  and  general 
benefit  to  the  peoitlc,  has  made  excellent  j)rogress  under  the  support  of 
the  liberal  appropriations  voted  for  that  purpose.  The  Chief  of  Engi- 
neers estimates  that  in  the  continuance  of  these  works  in  accordance 
with  the  existing  projects  as  adopted  by  Congress  tlic  sum  of  §38,770,011 
can  be  expended  during  the  next  fiscal  year.    This  estimate  has  been 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  285 

transmitted  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  as  required  by  law,  but  it  is 
not  tlie  judgment  of  tlie  Department  that  public  necessities  demand 
the  expenditure  of  such  an  amount  at  this  time.  The  average  annual 
amount  actually  expended  for  such  work  during  the  last  ten  years  has 
been  about  $10jOOO,000,  and  it  is  believed  that  this  can  well  be  reduced 
for  the  present  year,  if  judiciously  allotted,  to  $7,500,000,  the  sum  fixed 
in  the  Department  estimates. 

EDUCATION   OF   THE   ARMY. 

The  Major-General  Commanding  the  Army  reports  that  in  the  per- 
manent establishment  education  was  never  so  general  or  so  high  as  at 
the  present  time.  The  scheme  for  the  higher  instruction  of  officers  of 
the  Army  is  comprehensive  and  liberal,  and  on  its  successful  develop- 
ment will  depend  our  ability  to  keep  step  with  the  world's  constant 
progress  in  the  art  of  war.     It  embraces: 

The  school  for  artillery  officers  at  Fort  Monroe,  established  in  1867. 

The  school  for  infantry  and  cavalry  officers,  established  at  Fort 
Leavenworth  in  1881. 

The  school  of  drill  and  practice  for  cavalry  and  light  artillery  at 
Fort  Riley,  authorized  in  1887. 

The  school  for  engineers  at  Willets  Point. 

Officers'  lyceums,  established  in  all  of  the  geographical  departments. 

Twenty  lieutenants  of  artillery  and  a  small  number  of  noncommis- 
sioned officers  are  receiving  two  years'  instruction  at  Fort  Monroe,  and 
the  commandant  of  the  school  reports  that  its  development  keeps  ])a,ce 
wrth  progress  in  military  knowledge.  Its  gravest  need,  modern  siege 
and  seacoast  guns,  will  be  adequately  met  in  the  near  future. 

Thirty-three  officers  of  infantry  and  cavalry  have  completed  the  two 
years'  course  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  and  the  commandant  of  the  school 
credits  them  with  attaining  exceptional  efficiency. 

Eleven  officers  completed  the  engineering  course  at  Willets  Point 
during  the  year  and  four  were  engaged  in  the  study  of  operating  tor- 
pedoes up  to  October,  1893.  All  are  entitled  to  certificates  ot  in"oti- 
cieucy. 

The  School  of  Cavalry  and  Light  Artillery  Practice  at  Fort  Riley 
was  not  fairly  organized  and  established  until  January  1,  1893. 

Advance  has  been  made  toward  the  objects  for  which  post  lyceums 
were  established.  The  iiroject  is  as  yet  in  the  tentative  stage,  and  it 
is  evident  that  to  make  it  serve  more  adequately  its  X)urposes  the  lines 


28G    '      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 

of  study  and  original  research  must  be  more  closely  supervised.  The 
aim  of  these  institutions  is  to  educate  the  officers  of  the  Army  in  duties 
beyond  the  routine  with  which  they  are  presumably  familiarj  to  encour- 
age independent  military  research  and  render  available  the  results  of 
original  thought.  It  would  indeed  be  strange  if  the  line  of  the  Army 
should  be  exceptional  in  not  cwntributiug  in  time  of  peace  to  scientific 
progress  in  its  special  work,  when  our  contributions  in  time  of  conflict 
to  skillful  and  effective  warfare  on  sea  and  land  have  won  the  world's 
recognition  and  when  our  contributions  to  the  arts  of  i^eace  are  every- 
where acknowledged.  Original  i)apers  submitted  during  the  year  cov- 
ered the  widest  range  of  topics,  and  concentration  of  thought  on  fewer 
themes  is  desirable. 

During  the  past  year  the  division  of  military  information  has  begun 
systematic  work  which  promises  to  be  of  great  utility  to  the  Army  and 
to  the  War  Department.    Its  labors  have  been  assigned  to  four  sections. 

The  first  section  undertakes  to  keep  record  of  the  progress  of  military 
art  abroad  through  our  military  attaches  abroad,  the  dtplomatic  and 
consular  service,  and  official  documents  of  foreign  governments  and 
foreign  military  publications. 

The  second  section  undertakes  to  collect  information  relating  to  our 
own  frontiers. 

The  third  section  will  endeavor  to  collect  military  information  con- 
cerning all  other  countries  and  islands  of  this  continent. 

The  fourth  section  is  seeking  information  concerning  the  militia  of 
the  several  States  and  its  availability  for  service. 

The  great  armies  of  the  w^orld  are  to-day  officered  by  students  of  the 
military  art,  and  the  relatively  short  duration  of  the  world's  great  wars 
since  our  civil  war  demonstrates  that  warfare  is  becoming  an  art  de- 
pendent on  the  exact  sciences  quite  as  much  as  on  personal  bravery 
We  shall  never  want  men  and  money  in  emergency,  but  the  ability  to 
use  tliem  effectively  can  come  only  through  the  study  of  the  officers  of 
the  staif  and  line  of  the  Army.  Progress  in  the  War  Department  must 
be  along  the  lines  of  a  imtional  university  of  military  science  as  well  as 
along  those  .of  coast  defense. 


EEFORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR.  287 

THE  IVnLITARY  ACADEMY. 

The  Supermtendent  of  the  United  States  Military  Academy  at  West 
Point  reports  that  on  September  1,  1893,  the  cadets  numbered  318, 
including"  three  foreigners  admitted  by  special  permission  of  Congress. 
As  the  number  of  cadets  authorized  by  law  is  371,  not  including  for- 
eigners, there  are  56  vacancies.  In  the  judgment  of  the  superintendent 
the  number  of  cadets  should  be  increased  by  the  admission  of  two 
cadets-at-large  from  each  State,  to  be  chosen  by  the  United  States  Sena- 
tors of  the  State.  That  at  an  earlj^  day  there  must  be  an  increase  in 
the  number  of  cadets  undergoing  military  instruction  at  West  Point  is 
obvious  from  the  technical  nature  of  modern  warfare,  its  demands  for 
men  of  a  high  order  of  scientific  attainments,  and  the  i)rogress  of 
the  United  States  in  the  military  art.  The  cooperation  of  the  Federal 
Government  with  the  States  in  furnishing  instruction  to  the  militia  and 
with  colleges  and  schools  in  furnishing  it  to  the  youth  of  the  laud  will 
presumably  be  extended  from  time  to  time,  and  the  conduct  of  our  com- 
prehensive system  of  seacoast  defenses,  the  beginnings  of  which  are 
assuming  definite  form,  will  soon  call  for  a  supply  of  educated  young 
officers  larger  than  the  Military  Academy  now  furnishes. 

The  recommendation  of  the  SuiDerintendent  for  the  repeal  of  the  stat- 
utes prohibiting  the  employment  of  a  graduate  as  instructor  at  the 
Academy  until  four  years  after  gTaduation  would  doubtless  aid  effi- 
cient instruction.  The  custom,  which  is  forbidden  by  statute  to  the 
Academy,  is  general  in  the  universities  and  colleges  of  the  highest 
rank  in  the  country  and  has  been  the  means  of  developing  independent 
research  and  original  study  in  many  directions  to  the  country's  great 
gain.  There  is  no  reason  to  doubt  that  its  effect  would  be  the  same  at 
the  Military  Academy.  The  Army  and  the  country  can  be  served  under 
present  conditions  as  effectively  by  the  West  Point  graduate  in  the 
mathematical  study  or  laboratory  as  in  the  field. 

The  Board  of  Visitors  to  the  Military  Academy  reports  that  the 
education  afforded  there  is  "mercilessly  genuine."  The  exercises  of 
the  cadets  in  infantry,  artillery,  cavalry,  and  j^ractical  military  engi- 
neering were  remarkable  exhibitions  of  efficiency  and  skill,  scarcely 
suscejitible  of  criticism.  The  scientific  gymnasium  work  and  the 
"large  manliness  and  deep-seated  courtesy,  patriotic  fervor  and  loyal 
adherence  to  truth  and  honor"  of  the  cadet  corps  receive  a  generous 
meed  of  x)raise,  and  the  corps  of  instructors  and  administrative  officers 


288  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 

are  warmly  commeiuled.  The  Board  strongly  rccoinincuds  a  gradual 
increase  in  the  number  of  cadets,  and  that  the  requirements  for  admis- 
sion be  raised  to  secure  young  men  of  the  training  and  mental  scope 
to  get  the  fullest  benefit  from  intellectual  resources  oifered  to  them. 

MILITARY   SCHOOLS   AND    COLLEGES. 

The  growth  of  popular  interest  in  the  endeavors  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment to  furnish  competent  military  instruction  to  universities,  colleges, 
academies,  and  schools  entitled  under  the  law  to  its  benefits,  has  beeu 
encouraging.  The  whole  number  of  students  capable  of  militarj^  duty 
at  institutions  to  which  the  Government  furnishes  military  instructors 
has  increased  from  12,301  in  1890-"J1  to  17,519  in  1892-'93,  a  gain  of 
42  per  cent,  and  the  number  that  received  military  instruction  has 
increased  from  7,300  during  the  last  quarter  of  1890-'91,  to  10,790 
for  the  last  quarter  of  1892-'93,  a  gain  of  47  -pev  cent.  Outside  of  the 
colleges  and  schools  receiving  instruction  from  the  Army,  many  edu- 
cational institutions  furnish  their  students  with  instruction  in  drill 
and  tactics  by  officers  of  the  militia,  so  that  the  total  of  young  men 
receiving  military  training  of  some  descrii^tion  is  much  larger  than 
indicated  in  the  statistics  given. 

Of  the  79  institutions  embraced  in  the  report  of  the  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral, 31  report  less  than  100  students  under  milifcary  instruction, 
though  in  some  of  these  the  attendance  on  the  scholastic  course  is 
several  hundred.  While  it  would  work  injustice  to  lay  down  a  hard 
and  fast  rule,  prescribing  in  any  institution  an  enrollment  for  military 
Instruction  of  at  least  100  students  as  a  condition  to  the  assignment 
of  an  Army  officer  as  instructor,  in  general  it  may  be  well  to  require  a 
veiy  high  i^ercentage  of  attendance  at  drills  from  institutions  enrollijig 
less  than  100  students  for  military  instruction.  Where  the  interest  of 
faculty  and  students  is  too  slight  to  secure  this,  the  Government  is 
doubtless  wasting  the  valuable  time  of  its  officers  and  needlessly  spend- 
ing money. 

I  concur  in  the  recommendation  of  the  Adjutant-General  that  the 
military  instruction  noAv  provided  for  colleges  might  well  be  extended, 
with  proper  limitations,  to  the  high  schools  of  our  large  cities.  The 
introduction  of  military  training  into  the  free-school  system  of  the 
States  should  stinuilate  patriotism,  of  which  that  system  is  one  of  the 
best  products,  and  should  in  time  become  a  most  potent  factor  in  mak- 
ing the  United  States,  not  a  warlike  nation,  but  a  nation  capable  of 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  289 

bearing  arms  iutelligontly  and  victoriously  under  ail  conditions.  The 
Major-General  Commanding  the  Army  expresses  the  disposition  of  the 
Army  in  these  words: 

The  dcinaiid  for  educated  officers  for  duty  at  colleges  and  uuiversitics  aud  oilier 
institutions  of  learuing  is  constantly  iucreasing,  and  no  better  service  could  Le  ren- 
dered in  time  of  peace  by  officers  of  the  Army  than  such  assistance  in  the  general  dis- 
semination of  military  instruction. 

THE  SIGNAL   CORPS. 

Those  brandies  of  the  service  Avliich  exact  a  considerable  degree  of 
scientific  or  mechanical  proficiency,  to  be  acquired  only  after  long  study 
or  practice,  are  esiiecially  entitled  to  the  favorable  consideration  of  the 
Government,  and  attention  is  called  particularly  to  the  rei^ort  of  the 
Chief  Signal  Officer.  The  Signal  Corps  from  33  military  posts  and 
stations  now  operates  about  700  miles  of  permanent  telegraph  lineSj 
which  are  also  used  in  part  for  commercial  purposes.  Flying  telegraph 
trains  for  experimental  purposes  are  in  course  of  organization,  and  the 
practical  value  of  these  was  demonstrated  during  military  operations 
on  the  Mexican  border. 

Some  work  has  been  done  with  the  heliograph.  The  balloon  has 
taken  its  idace  in  the  mechanism  of  war,  and  the  Signal  Corps  has 
given  to  it  such  study  as  appropriations  have  permitted.  Two  hundred 
and  eighty-eight  officers  and  1,388  men  are  reported  proficient  in  mili- 
tary signaling,  but  of  these  only  one  in  six  can  take  telegraphic 
messages  at  a  low  rate  of  speed.  Telegrai^hy  and  the  signal  code  are 
interesting  studies  in  themselves,  and  it  is  worth  recording  that  Army 
officers  and  enlisted  men  are  devoting  time  to  them  as  recreation,  asd 
that  in  the  national  guard  of  several  of  the  States  and  in  some  military 
schools  these  subjects  have  been  embraced  in  the  scheme  of  instruc- 
tion. The  Chief  Signal  Officer  recommends  various  extensions  in  the 
field  of  operations  of  the  corj^s,  which  are  entitled  to  consideration. 
Ab.  93 19 


290  REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR. 

THE  MILITIA. 

The  militia  of  the  States  constitutes  the  seeoud  or  reserve  line  of 
national  defense,  besides  serving  the  purposes  for  which  it  is  estab- 
lished by  State  authority.  Its  importance  in  any  scheme  for  national 
protection  becomes  plain  when  it  is  borne  in  mind  that,  while  the  Army 
consists  by  law  of  only  25,000  men,  nearly  90,000  men  would  be  required 
to  garrison  our  fortifications  in  case  of  emergency,  and  with  the  ampli- 
fication of  those  fortifications  iu  i)rogress  an  even  larger  number  would 
be  required.  The  obligation  of  the  Federal  Government  to  the  militia 
of  the  States  is  twofold — to  furnish  instruction  and  inspection  and  to 
furnish  ordnance  supplies — both  having  in  view  the  establishment  of  a 
sufQcient  uniformity  of  discipline  and  equipment  to  enable  the  militia 
to  cooperate  promptly  and  eflectively  with  the  Army  should  occasion 
demand.  The  second  obligation  was  recognized  by  Congress  as  early 
as  180S,  when  an  act  was  i)assed  allotting  .$200,000  to  the  militia  of  the 
States. 

In  spite  of  the  increase  in  population,  increase  of  the  militia,  and 
improvements  and  increased  cost  of  arms,  artillery  and  equipments, 
the  appropriation  remains  virtually  fixed  at  the  original  amount,  the 
endeavor  of  Congress  to  increase  it  by  the  act  of  February  12,  1887, 
failing  to  accomplish  that  result.  The  requests  for  the  cooperation 
and  assistance  of  the  Federal  Government  from  the  States  are  greater 
now  than  ever  in  times  of  peace,  and  manifestly  are  the  index  of  an 
intelligent  interest  in  the  nation's  military  growth  and  ijrogress,  which 
is  entitled  to  reciprocal  manifestations  of  interest  by  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment and  by  Congress.  The  Major-General  Commanding  the  Army 
advises  that  the  most  imj)roved  infantry  rifles  and  the  standard  breech- 
loading  field  guns  be  issued  to  the  organized  militia.  Some  time  must 
elapse  before  the  output  of  the  new  magazine  rifle  is  large  enough  to 
provide  for  its  issue  to  the  militia,  but  the  continued  issue  of  the  new 
field  guns  will  stimulate  interest  in  the  artillery  arm  of  the  national 
guard,  which  is  desirable. 

During  the  year  1892  twenty-five  Army  officers  were  detailed  to 
inspect  the  encampments  and  drills  of  the  militia  of  twenty  States, 
aggregating  30,207  enrolled  men.  During  1893  sixteen  officers 
inspected  the  camps  and  drills  of  the  militia  of  fourteen  States,  and 
the  Army  participated  in  several  State  encampments. 

The  latest  returns  of  ttie  strength  of  the  militia,  received  at  this 
Department,   show  a  total   organized  lorce  of  112,597  ofiicers  and 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


291 


eDiisted  men.  The  artillery  arm,  maintained  by  tliirty-four  States,  has 
an  enrollment  in  round  numbers  of  6,000  officers  and  men ;  the  cavalry 
arm  maintained  by  twenty-four  States  of  5,000.  The  geographical  dis- 
tribution of  this  force  follows : 


state. 


OrgaEized 
force. 


Alabama 

Alaska  Territory 

Arizona  Territorj- ... 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District  of  Columljia . 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

niiiiois 

Indian  Territory 

Indiana 

Towa 

Kansas 

Kentucky  

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massacliusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 


2,719 


state. 


203 

911 
4,198 

901 
2,735 

443 
1, 382 

902 
3,949 

229 
4,774 


2, 654  I 
2,363  j 
1,714  I 
1,227  J 
1, 187 

1,  208 
2,334 
6,174 

2,  913 
1,861 
1,712 
2,355 


Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampslitre 

New  Jersoj- 

New  Mexico  Territory 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma  Territory  . . . 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Ehode  Island 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah  Territory 

Verraont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Total 


Organized 
force. 


592 
366 
566 
265 
017 
571 
500 
577 
513 
551 
154 
406 
497 
040 
119 
584 
029 
220 
0G6 
7C6 
844 
388 
864 
076 
309 


THE   SOLDIERS'  HOME. 

The  annual  report  of  the  president  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners 
of  the  Soldiers'  Home  at  Washington  shows  1,080  inmates  on  the  rolls 
of  that  institution  on  September  30, 1893,  the  average  attendance  being 
751.  The  permanent  fund  of  the  Home  has  been  reduced  $10,000  by 
excess  of  expenditures  over  receipts,  and  at  the  date  of  the  report  was 
$2,479,343.32.  Of  $96,287.47  received  by  the  treasurer  for  inmate  pen- 
sioners, all  but  $372.19  was  paid  to  the  individual  pensioners.  In  this 
connection  the  report  states : 

The  Commissioners  are  of  the  opinion  that  Congress  never  intended  to  make  the 
double  provision  now  fully  enjoyed  by  many  of  the  inmate  pensioners  who  are  com- 
fortably lodged,  fed,  and  clothed  at  the  expense  of  the  Home  while  they  draw  their 
pensions,  in  some  cases  amounting  to  $36  per  month,  and  spend  it  without  being 
taxed  in  the  slightest  degree  for  their  support.     This  makes  the  Home  a  standing 


292  EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 

inducement  for  pensioners  to  seek  admission  tliereto,  and  wliile  it  is  just  and  proper 
that  men  disabled  in  tlie  service  should  be  pensioned  according  to  the  degree  of  disa- 
bility incurred,  it  is  believed  to  be  also  proper  that  pensioners  receiving  more  than 
$8  per  month  should  be  required  to  pay  partly  at  least  for  their  support.  *  *  * 
To  show  how  far  pensioners  have  availed  themselves  of  the  benefits  of  the  Home  it 
is  stated  in  the  Governor's  report  that  of  the  710  inmates  now  present,  584  are  draw- 
ing pensions  as  follows:  151  are  receiving  from  $16  to  $36  per  month;  271  from  $10 
to  $15,  and  159  from  $2  to  $8. 

NATIONAL   HOME   FOR  DISABLED   VOLUNTEERS. 

The  act  of  March  3,  1891,  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of 
the  National  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers,  provides  that  the 
expenditures  and  receipts  of  said  home  from  whatever  source  shall  be 
reported  to  and  supervised  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  the  deficiency 
act  of  March  3,  1893,  requires  the  sui)ervision  of  those  accounts  to  be 
the  same  as  that  of  accounts  of  disbursing  officers.  The  appropriation 
account  of  this  institution  and  its  branches  shows: 

Balance  in  treasury,  July  1,  1892 $201,  561.  59 

Amount  of  appropriations 3,  321, 098.  05 

Unexpended  balances  deposited 99,  780.  78 

$3,  622,  440.  42 
Withdrawn  by  requisitions 3,286,535.41 

Balance $335,905.01 

The  vouchers  submitted  through  the  War  Department  to  tlie  Treas- 
ury cover  disbursements  and  receipts  only  on  account  of  the  "general 
fund;"  but  the  annual  report  of  the  Board  of  Managers  shows  that 
other  funds,  known  as  the  posthumous  fund,  post  fund,  and  pension 
fund,  aggregating  over  $2^500,000  for  the  last  fiscal  year,  are  kept  at 
the  branch  homes. 

In  response  to  inquiry  the  War  Department  is  informed  by  the  presi- 
dent of  the  National  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteers  that  the  pension 
fund  of  the  Home  for  the  fiscal  year  was  $2,574,055.48,  of  which 
$1,750,428.05  was  disbursed  to  pensioned  inmates  of  the  Home  and  its 
branches,  and  $535,883.22  to  their  families.  Of  the  inmates  of  the  Home 
14,481  receive  pensions  from  the  Government  ranging  from  $2  to  $72  a 
month.  Of  these  5,500  receive  $8  or  less  a  month,  2,842  being  rated  at 
the  maximum  named;  774  receive  $10,  0,828  receive  $12,  and  1,301 
receive  over  $12  up  to  $72  per  month. 

Quotation  has  already  been  made  from  the  report  of  the  i)resident 
of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  the  Soldiers'  Home,  the  Major-Gen- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  293 

eral  Commaiidmg  the  Army,  proposing  that  pensioners  receiving  more 
than  $8  per  month,  Avho  are  inmates  of  the  Home,  shall  be  required  to 
make  some  coutributiou  toward  their  support.  Without  a  review  here 
of  the  argument  concerning  this  double  system  of  pensions,  for  it 
amounts  to  that,  it  is  pertinent  to  inquire  if  it  does  not  apply,  as  a 
matter  of  justice,  with  as  much  force  to  the  Home  for  Disabled  Volun- 
teers as  to  the  Soldiers'  Home. 

THE   world's   COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 

In  the  dedicatory  exercises  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  at 
Chicago  the  Army  was  represented  by  twenty-four  companies  of  in- 
fantry, ten  troops  of  cavalry,  and  four  light  batteries.  These,  with  a 
battalion  of  marines  and  12,271  officers  and  men  of  the  national  guard 
of  eight  States,  were  under  command  of  the  major-general  command- 
ing the  Department  of  the  Missouri,  who  reports  that  the  troops  pre- 
sented a  creditable  api)earance,  were  well  equipped,  and  marched  and 
maneuvered  witli  commendable  skill  and  precision. 

A  camp  of  two  comjiauies  of  infantry,  established  for  the  entire 
duration  of  the  Exposition,  illustrated  on  a  small  scale  the  discipline, 
modeof  operations  and  life  of  the  Army,  and  served  as  a  guard  to  Gov- 
ernment property.  The  visit  of  the  corps  of  cadets  from  tlie  Military 
Academy  was  appreciated  evidence  of  the  interest  of  this  Department 
in  the  success  of  the  Exposition,  and,  it  is  believed,  gave  the  corps 
valuable  information  and  experience,  while  tending  also  to  increase  the 
popular  affection  for  the  institution.  The  sum  of  $124,887  was  allotted 
to  the  exhibit  of  the  War  Department,  and  after  all  payments  have 
been  made  a  balance  of  about  $8,000  will  remain  unexpended. 

The  Department  exhibit  comprised  modern  seacoast,  siege  and  field 
ordnance,  rapid-fire  and  machine  guns,  small  arms,  cartridge,  gun 
making,  testing  and  other  machines  in  operation,  ballistic,  aiming, 
measuring  and  other  instruments  of  precision,  models  of  fortifications 
and  seacoast  defenses,  surgical  exhibits,  army  supplies,  photographs 
of  river  and  harbor  improvements  and  public  works  in  the  District  ol 
Columbia,  military  relics,  trophies,  etc.,  constituting  a  record  to  the 
eye  of  the  products  of  American  military  inventive  and  mechanical 
genius  which  awakened  general  interest.  Twenty-one  officers  were  on 
duty  at  the  Exposition,  and  many  others  visited  it  on  leave.  What  the 
Army  obtained  from  and  gave  to  the  Exposition  is  thus  of  educational 
value. 


294  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 

AN  ARLINGTON  SIEMORIAL  BRIDGE. 

The  need  of  iucreased  transportation  facilities  bet\yeen  the  seat  of 
Government  and  tlie  Virginia  shore  has  long  been  recognized,  but  has 
not  been  met.  Another  bridge  across  the  Potomac  from  Washington 
to  Potomac  Heights  is  required  for  the  ordinary  purposes  of  travel  and 
commerce,  to  render  speedily  accessible  the  principal  military  ]30st  of 
the  Capital,  Forfc  Myer,  and,  above  all,  as  a  convenient  and  suitable 
ai)proach  from  the  city  to  the  National  Cemetery  at  Arlington. 

While  serving  purx)oses  of  utility  and  conceded  necessity,  such  a 
structure  would  be  of  memorial  character,  befitting  the  beautiful  and 
sacred  ground  to  which  it  would  lead,  and  in  ultimate  decoration  sym- 
bolizing valor,  devotion  to  conviction,  self-sacrifice,  and  all  the  marked 
qualities  of  the  nation,  displayed  in  strong  lights  and  shadows  on  both 
sides  of  the  Potomac.  Nature  and  man  have  joined  to  create  here  the 
surroundings  to  make  such  a  memorial  structure  unique  and  im]3ress- 
ive.  Seldom  is  conceded  commercial  necessity  so  reinforced  by  con- 
siderations of  patriotism  and  reverence  in  support  of  a  desirable  pub- 
lic imx)rovement. 

NATIONAL   CEMETERIES 

The  national  cemeteries  now  number  83,  and  to  continue  the  work  of 
marking  the  graves  therein  9,168  white  marble  headstones  were  pro- 
vided during  the  year,  and  $6,122.34  was  expended  on  repairs  to  road- 
ways. 

GETTYSBURG  BATTLEFIELD. 

The  work  of  preserving  the  lines  of  battle  at  Gettysburg  and  of  per- 
manentlj'^  marking  the  position  of  the  commands  of  both  armies  there 
engaged  is  making  satisfactory  i)i'ogress  under  the  direction  of  the 
commission  appointed  for  its  supervision. 

Title  papers  for  the  purchase  of  sites  occupied  by  the  regular  troops 
are  nearly  perfected,  and  the  positions  will  soon  be  suitably  marked. 

The  State  monument  erected  by  New  York  was  dedicated  July  2, 
1893,  the  30th  anniversary  of  the  battle. 

In  addition  to  the  considerable  sums  expended  for  the  preservation 
of  points  of  historic  interest  in  connection  with  this  field  by  the  Get- 
tysburg Battlefield  Memorial  Association  and  other  organizations  and 
individuals,  the  sum  of  $863,017.82  has  been  contributed  to  the  work 
by  States  whose  soldiers  participated  in  the  battle.  This  large  outlay 
has  been  expended  under  the  supervision  of  the  Association  mentioned, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  295 

in  tlie  purcliase  of  plots  of  land  embracing  the  leading  features  of  the 
battleiield,  the  construction  of  connecting  roads  and  avenues,  and  the 
erection  of  suitable  monuments  and  tablets.  In  the  absence  of  any 
other  provision  for  the  permanent  care  and  maintenance  of  this  com- 
pleted work  it  has  been  suggested  that  the  General  Government  might 
well  accept  that  charge  and  assume  its  control. 

CHICK AMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA  PARK. 

During  the  year  the  greater  part  of  the  costliest  work  connected 
with  tlie  establishment  of  the  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga  National 
Military  Park  has  been  comx)leted.  The  total  amount  expended  was, 
on  the  30th  of  September  last,  $401,485,(33,  and  the  available  balance 
was  $173,514.  37.  Between  9  and  10  square  miles  of  the  Chickamauga 
battlefield  have  been  acquired  and  paid  for,  and  several  prominent 
points  near  Chattanooga,  including  Bragg's  headquarters  upon  Mis- 
sionary Eidge,  the  De  Long  Place,  and  Orchard  Knob  have  been 
secured.  Title  to  Sherman's  earthworks  will  soon  be  perfected.  Ex- 
cept a  few  hundred  acres  th.e  purchase  of  land  for  the  park  proper  is 
complete,  and  the  area  which  the  Commission  has  concluded  to  embrace 
is  fully  2,000  acres  below  the  Umits  fixed  by  Congress.  Twenty-five 
miles  of  good  roadway  have  been  completed  and  historical  tablets 
designate  prominent  x)oints,  the  landmarks  and  headquarters  of  the 
battle. 

The  work  of  restoring  the  field  to  its  condition  at  the  time  of  the 
battle  has  progressed  rajudly.  Seventeen  State  commissions  have  been 
organized  to  locate  the  positions  of  State  troops,  and  the  national  com- 
mission expects  that  the  remaining  nine  States  which  had  troops  en- 
gaged in  the  battle  will  create  commissions  during  the  coming  winter. 
Several  State  commissions  have  already  visited  the  park  and  estab- 
lished the  positions  of  the  troops  of  their  respective  States.  Ohio  has 
appropriated  $95,000  for  monuments,  fifty-six  of  which  will  soon  be 
erected;  Minnesota  has  appropriated  $15,000  for  five  monuments,  and 
during  the  coming  session  legislatures  of  other  States  are  expected 
to  take  similar  action.  Seven  granite  monuments  have  been  erected 
in  memory  of  the  regular  troops  engaged  at  Chickamauga,  and  five 
observation  towers  have  been  erected,  offering  comprehensive  views  of 
the  field  of  conflict. 


296  REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OE    WAR. 

MONID.IENTS. 

The  commission  appointed  by  Congress  to  select  a  site  and  supervise 
the  erection  of  a  statue  to  the  late  Maj.  Gen.  Jobn  A.  Logan,  acting  in 
conjunction  with  a  committee  representing  the  Society  of  the  Army  of 
the  Tennessee,  has  adopted  a  model  of  a  bronze  equestrian  statue  and 
podestal.  The  total  cost  of  the  statue,  including  pedestal,  foundation, 
and  base,  will  be  $05,000,  of  which  the  sum  of  $15,000  is  to  be  raised 
by  contributions  from  other  sources. 

The  commission  appointed  to  select  a  site  and  supervise  the  erection 
of  the  pedestal  for  a  statue  of  the  late  Gen.  Philip  H.  Sheridan  lias 
selected  as  a  suitable  site  the  small  plat  of  ground  at  the  intersection 
of  Pennsylvania  avenue  and  E  street  NW.  Definite  action  in  regard 
to  the  statue  has  been  deferred  to  await  the  result  of  efforts  to  increase 
by  private  subscription  the  amount  appropriated  by  Congress. 

It  has  been  found  necessary  to  abandon  the  site  originally  selected 
for  the  proposed  statue  of  the  late  Maj.  Gen.  W.  S.  Hancock,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  Sixteenth  and  U  streets  and  New  Hampshire  avenue,  known  as 
"Hancock  Circle,"  and  the  coihmission  will  not  enter  into  any  «on tract 
for  the  erection  of  the  statue  until  a  new  site  has  been  selected. 

An  act  of  Congress  approved  July  5,  1892,  appropriated  the  sum  of 
$50,000  for  the  preparation  of  a  site  and  the  erection  of  a  i)edestal  for  a 
statue  of  the  late  Gen.  W.  T.  Sherman,  but  no  action  in  the  matter  has 
yet  been  taken,  pending  the  selection  of  a  site. 

RECORD  AND  PENSION  OFFICE. 

The  work  of  the  Eecord  and  Pension  Office  has  progressed  so  far  that 
a  reduction  of  8345,000  has  been  made  in  the  estimate  for  its  mainte- 
nance for  the  coming  year. 

The  cases  received  and  disposed  of  for  the  fiscal  year  numbered 
203,704,  of  which  137,563  were  from  the  Pension  Office.  Tlie  bulk  of 
pension  claims  arising  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  has  apparently 
been  filed  and  the  reports  of  military  service  furnished.  Under  the 
recent  ruling  of  the  Interior  Department,  however,  very  many  of  the 
claims  under  that  act  will  again  be  referred  to  this  office  for  the  full 
medical  and  military  history  of  the  claimants,  and  as  more  comprehen- 
sive reports  are  required,  the  work  of  this  office  for  the  time  will  be 
considerably  increased.  The  reproduction  of  individual  military 
records  of  volunteer  officers  and  men  by  the  index-card  system  is  now 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  297 

practically  completed.  The  reproduction  of  the  volunteer  rolls  of  the 
veteran  reserve,  Unite^l  States  volunteers,  post,  detachment,  and  mis- 
cellaneous rolls  will  remain  to  complete  this  woik.  From  the  total  of 
3o,099,7o5  index-record  cards  on  file,  the  record  of  any  soldier  can 
readily  be  ascertained.  The  usefulness  of  tlie  system  is  generally 
conceded. 

Concerning  the  calamity  on  the  9th  of  June  last  at  the  Ford's  Theatre 
building  on  Tenth  street,  occupied  by  the  Eecord  and  Pension  Office, 
and  in  which  twenty-two  clerks  were  killed  and  a  large  number  seri- 
ously injured,  the  chief  of  that  office  in  his  annual  report  says: 

The  building  was  au  old  one,  but  had  been  repeatedly  examined  by  experts  and 
pronounced  entirely  safe.  It  was  purchased  by  the  Government  in  1866,  was  entirely 
remodeled  and  has  since  been  used  by  the  War  Department  for  various  iJuri)oses, 
principally  for  the  storage  of  the  Army  Medical  Museum, the  library  of  the  Surgeon- 
General's  Office,  the  medical  records  of  the  Army,  and  the  accommodation  of  tue 
officers  and  clerks  employed  in  connection  therewith.  Sometime  after  the  building 
came  into  the  possession  of  the  Government  a  considerable  expenditure  was  made 
upon  it  in  the  way  of  thoroughly  strengthening  its  walls,  and  for  many  years  sub- 
sequently its  floors  bore  with  perfect  safety  the  immense  weight  of  the  museum, 
library,  and  hospital  records,  but  all  of  these  had  been  removed  from  the  building 
several  years  before  the  catastrophe  occurred.  As  the  weight  of  the  clerks  employed 
in  the  building  was  many  times  less  than  that  removed  therefrom,  there  was  no 
ground  for  ai)prehension  that  the  building  Avas  not  a  safe  one  for  the  purpose  for 
which  it  has  latterly  been  used,  viz,  for  office  purposes  for  the  use  of  clerks  and  the 
storage  of  the  few  records  upon  which  they  were  at  the  time  engaged  in  copying. 

For  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  the  clerks  so  em[)loyed  it  became  desirable  to 
supply  the  building  with  electric  lights  and  ventilating  fans,  and  for  this  imrpose 
an  excavation  was  made  under  the  building  by  a  contractor  to  whom  this  necessary 
part  of  the  work  had  been  entrusted.  This  work  included  the  underpinning  of 
certain  piers  upon  which  the  floors,  in  part,  rested,  and  it  was  during  the  progress 
of  this  work,  and  probably  in  consequence  of  it,  that  the  disaster  occurred.  In  a 
substantial  building,  as  this  was  known  to  be,  and  under  the  superintendence  of  a 
comiietent  builder,  there  was  no  reason  to  believe  that  the  work  was  not  entirely 
safe  and  free  from  danger  to  the  persons  occupying  the  building  at  the  time.  That 
the  confidence  felt  in  the  safety  of  the  building  during  the  progress  of  this  work 
was  not  well  founded  is  shown  by  the  unfortunate  results  that  followed.  The 
families  of  some  of  the  killed  in  this  most  deplorable  accident  are  understood  to  be 
in  a  destitute  condition,  and  the  widows  and  orphans  of  those  whose  lives  were  thus 
sacrificed  in  the  public  service^  and  those  who  were  seriously  injured,  are  earnestly 
commended  to  the  generosity  of  the  Government. 

In  this  recommendation  the  Secretary  of  War  earnestly  concurs. 
The  Department  has  extended  to  the  employes  who  were  injured 
the  most  liberal  consideration  which  the  law  permits,  but  under  the 


298  EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 

recent  opinion  of  the  Attorney-General  sick  leaves  with  i^ay  can  not  be 
granted  for  a  longer  period  than  sixty  days  in  any  one  year. 

It  is  recommended  that  Congress  authorize  iiayment  to  them  of  the 
full  amount  of  their  salaries  during  such  periods  as  they  may  be  unable, 
by  reason  of  their  injuries,  to  return  to  duty,  unless  it  shall  in 
the  mean  time  make  specific  provision  for  them  by  direct  appropria- 
tion. The  payment  of  their  salaries  during  the  period  of  their  enforced 
absence  would  require  iio  additional  appropriation,  the  full  amount  of 
such  salaries  for  the  current  year  having  already  been  appropriated 
by  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  appropriation  act. 

WAE   RECORDS. 

The  publication  of  the  War  Eecords  has  so  far  j)rogressed  that  this 
valuable  historical  Avork,  with  accompanying  maps,  can  be  completed 
by  the  end  of  the  next  fiscal  year,  and  satisfactory  progress  has  been 
made  in  the  work  of  indexing  the  Confederate  archives. 

By  the  retirement  of  Brig.  Gen.  Eobert  Williams,  Adjutant-General 
of  the  Army,  the  War  Department  has  been  deprived  of  the  services 
of  an  intelligent,  competent  officer  and  accomplished  gentleman,  to 
whose  worth  and  usefulness  I  bear  willing  testimony.  I  desire  also  to 
I)lace  on  record  my  appreciation  of  the  cordial  cooperation  and  prompt 
assistance  of  the  Major-General  Commanding  the  Army  and  of  the  heads 
of  the  several  bureaus  of  the  Department  in  the  administration  of  affairs 
intrusted  to  the  supervision  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Daniel  S.  Lamont, 

Secretary  of  War. 


ACCOMPANYING 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


EEPORT    OF    THE    MAJOE-GENEEAL    COMMANDIis^G    THE 

AEMY. 

Headquarters  of  the  Aemt, 
WasJiington,  D.  C,  October  4,  1803. 

Sir:  I  liave  the  lion  or  to  submit  Tvitli  this  my  annual  report  the 
reports  of  the  commanding  generals  of  the  several  geographical  depart- 
ments, including  those  of  their  chief  stalT  officers,  of  the  comnjanding 
officers  of  the  Artillery  School,  the  Infantry  and  Cavalry  School,  and 
those  of  the  Adjutant- General  and  the  Inspector-General  of  the  Army. 
The  annual  report  of  the  commanding  officer  of  the  Cavalry  and  Light 
Artillery  School  at  Fort  Eiley,  Kans.,  will  be  submitted  later,  'when 
the  season  of  practical  instruction  at  that  place  has  been  completed. 
These  reports  give  full  information  of  all  the  operations  of  the  troops 
during  the  past  year,  of  the  administrative  work  of  the  several  staff 
officers  serving  with  troops,  and  of  the  stations  and  strength  of  the 
various  organizations  of  the  Army  and  of  the  state  of  discipline  and 
instruction  of  the  troops,  including  practice  witli  small  arms  and  artil- 
lery. These  reports,  together  with  those  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers  and 
Ordnance,  of  the  administrative  staff  departments,  and  of  the  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Military  Academy,  will  give  you  full  information  of  all 
the  details  of  the  military  service.  I  think  it  better  not  to  epitomize  or 
make  extracts  from  any  of  these  reports,  but  rather  to  invite  their  full 
perusal. 

IMPORTANT  SERVICES. 

The  most  arduous  service  which  has  been  rendered  by  the  troops 
during  the  past  jear,  and  in  some  sense  the  most  important,  lias  been 
that  required  to  suppress  and  punish  violations  of  the  neutrality  laws 
betvreen  this  country  and  Mexico.  This  service  required  a  considera- 
ble addition  to  troops  before  stationed  in  the  Department  of  Texas,  and 
to  prevent  a  recurrence  of  such  lawless  acts  it  may  be  found  necessary 
to  continue  the  increase  thus  made  of  the  force  serving  in  that  depart- 
ment. The  report  of  the  department  commander  gives  full  details  of 
all  the  service  rendered,  and  shows  that  the  troops  were  finally  entirely 
successful,  after  a  most  laborious  pursuit,  in  breaking  up  and  capturing 
the  criminals  who  had  been  engaged  in  violating  the  hospitalities  ot 
this  country  for  the  purpose  of  conducting  lawless  enterprises  against 
our  friendly  neighbor.  I  regard  the  troops  in  the  Department  of  Texas 
as  deserving  of  high  commendation  for  the  manner  in  which  they  have 
discharged  this  arduous  duty. 

299 


300  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Hapi)ily  tlie  Army  lias  not  been  called  upon  during  the  past  year  to 
assist  in  the  sui)i>reRsion  of  doriiestic  violence  in  any  part  of  the  Terri- 
tories of  the  United  States.  But  in  connection  witli  the  opening  of  the 
new  Territory  of  Oklahoma  the  troops  have  been  called  upon  to  aid  the 
civil  authorities,  and  the  service  thus  performed  has  been  conmienda- 
ble. 

INSTRUCTION  AND   DISCIPLINE, 

The  state  ot  discipline  of  the  Army  continues  to  be  satisfactory. 
Military  instruction  has  been  conducted  throughout  the  year  as  pre- 
scribed in  Regulations  and  Orders.  Firing  instruction,  botlnvith  heavy 
guns  and  small  arms,  has  been  systematically  conducted  during  the 
year,  and  the  efficiency  of  the  Army  in  this  resi)ect  has  probably  never 
been  so  high  as  now.  Ail  additional  year  has  been  given  for  the  trial 
of  the  new  drill  regulations  for  infantry,  cavalry,  and  light  artillery 
"with  a  view  to  the  most  careful  and  extended  criticism  of  every  detail 
before  the  final  revision  of  the  text  and  its  adojition  as  a  permanent 
system. 

SMALL    ARMS    AND    FIELD    ARTILLERY. 

The  reconsideration  provided  by  Congress  of  the  former  decision  of 
a  board  appointed  by  the  War  Department  to  select  a  small  arm  for 
the  use  of  troops,  having  finally  resulted  in  the  confirmation  of  the 
iudgment  of  the  former  board,  the  work  of  construction  of  the  new  arm 
is  novv^  in  progress,  so  that  the  Army  may  be  equipped  with  the  modern 
magazine  weapon  in  due  time.  It  is  again  respectfully  suggested  that 
a  reserve  supply  of  the  most  approved  inf\uitry  rifles  and  of  thestandard 
breech-loading  rifled  field  guns  be  provided  in  amount  sulficient,  not 
only  for  the  regular  troops  and  organized  militia,  but  for  such  volun- 
teers as  may  be  immediately  called  into  service  in  the  event  of  war. 

FORTIFICATION    AND    ARMAMENT. 

Satisfactory  progress  has  been  made  during  the  last  year  in  the 
fabrication  of  modern-high  power  guns,  and  considerable  -work  has 
been  done  in  providing  emplacements  for  such  guns  and  mortars. 
Experiments  have  also  been  continued  in  respect  to  disappearing  car- 
riages for  such  guns.  Conclusive  results  in  this  last  regard  have  not 
yet  been  reached,  but  yet  such  progress  has  been  made  that  efficient 
carriages  could  be  rai)idly  constructed  in  case  of  immediate  need.  It 
is  hoped  that  necessary  appropriations  for  the  continuation  of  this  work 
will  not  be  withheld,  so  that  the  policy  which  has  now  been  steadily 
pursued  during  the  past  five  or  six  years  may  be  continued  until  the 
great  seaports  of  the  United  States  are  placed  in  condition  of  security. 

The  report  of  the  Board  of  Ordnance  and  Fortification,  and  those  of 
the  Chief  of  Engineers  and  the  Chief  of  Ordnance,  will  give  you  full 
information  of  all  the  business  transacted  in  respect  to  fortifications 
and  armament,  and  the  future  neeas  of  the  military  service  in  that 
regard. 

BARRACKS  AND    QUARTERS. 

I  desire  again  to  invite  attention  to  the  necessity  for  a  special  apiiro- 
priation  for  the  construction  of  barracks  and  quarters  at  those  sea- 
port stations  from  which  the  troops  were  M'ithdrawu  for  field  serAice 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  301 

some  years  ago.  Many  of  those  posts  liave  now  become  defenseless 
ami  unfit  to  occupy  in  their  present  condition.  It  is  believed  that  all 
important  seaports  should  be  regarrisoned,  their  present  armament 
placed  in  serviceable  condition,  and  preparation  made  for  the  cai'e  of 
new  and  improved  armament  as  soon  as  the  Engineer  and  Ordnance 
Departments  are  able  to  supply  them. 

REORaANIZATION    OF   THE   ARTILLERY  AND    INFANTRY. 

The  measures  which  for  many  years  have  been  before  Congress,  and 
favoiably  considered  at  one  time  or  another  by  each  House,  for  the 
reorganization  of  the  artillery  and  infantry,  still  remain  under  consid- 
eration. So  much  has  been  said  in  favor  of  these  measures  and  their 
merit  so  generally  admitted,  that  it  would  be  supertluous  to  discuss 
them  further.  I  trust  Congress  may  be  pleased  to  enact  those  measures 
into  law  without  unnecessary  delay. 

MILITARY^  EDUCATION. 

The  interest  in  military  education  throughout  the  country  continues 
to  increase.  The  demand  for  educated  officers  for  duty  at  colleges  and 
universities  and  other  institutions  of  learning  is  constantly  increasing, 
and  no  better  service  could  be  rendered  in  time  of  peace  by  officers  of 
the  Army  than  such  assistance  in  the  general  dissemination  of  mili- 
tary instruction.  In  the  permanent  establishment,  education  was 
never  so  general  or  so  high  as  at  the  present  time.  Not  only  are  the 
established  schools  at  West  Point,  Willets  Point,  Fort  Monroe,  Fort 
Leavenworth,  and  Fort  Kiley,  as  efficient  as  ever,  but  the  Military 
Service  Institution  and  the  general  system  of  lyceuins  established 
throughout  the  Army  are  adding  largely  to  the  voluntary  individual 
work  of  nearly  all  officers  of  the  Army.  The  post  schools  for  enlisted 
men  still  need  development,  and  some  generous  legislation  will,  it  is 
believed,  be  requisite  to  put  them  upon  the  proper  basis. 

INDIAN   SOLDIERS. 

The  enlistment  of  Indians  in  the  Army,  and  their  organization  into 
companies  attached  to  the  regular  regiments,  appears  thus  tar  to  have 
accomplished,  in  a  very  satisfactory  manner,  the  principal  objects  con- 
templated in  that  policy.  The  princi])le  of  these  objects  is  understood 
to  have  been  for  the  purpose  of  withdrawing  from  the  warlike  tribes 
and  giving  satisfactory  employment  to  a  considerable  number  of  young 
men  who  were  generally  dissatisfied  and  liable  at  any  time  to  become 
hostile;  for  the  purpose  of  educating  the  Indians  in  the  rules  and  cus- 
toms of  civilized  as  contrasted  with  those  of  savage  warfare;  and  to 
assist  in  the  eftbrts  of  the  Government  to  transform  the  Indian  charac- 
ter from  that  of  savage  enemy  to  that  of  friend  and  citizen  of  the  United 
States.  There  has  been  no  serious  indication  of  hostile  disposition 
manifested  by  any  of  the  Indian  tribes  since  this  policy  was  inaugu- 
rated. 

A  secondary  object  was  the  organization  of  a  comparatively  small 
contingent  of  Indian  troops,  partly  with  a  view  to  any  service  which 
might  be  required  of  them,  but  mainly  for  the  purpose  of  determining 
by  actual  trial  what  tlie  value  is  or  may  be  made  of  the  warlike  tribes 
of  Indians  as  a  part  of  the  military  strength  of  the  United  States;  this 
upon  the  general  theory  that  all  parts  of  the  people  of  a  country  should 


302  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

be  prepared  to  do  their  share  in  time  of  need  of  the  military  service 
which  the  country  may  require.  It  is  yet  too  early  to  reach  a  final 
conclusion  ui)on  this  question.  Results  vary  from  one  extreme  to  the 
other.  In  some  cases  the  Indian  trooi^s  have  proved  highly  satisfac- 
tory. In  others,  less  so.  In  one  case,  the  discipline  of  a  company  was 
so  unsatislactorj^  that  it  was  thought  necessary  to  remove  it  from  its 
native  country,  whei'C  it  might  possibly  do  serious  harm,  to  a  distant 
State  and  into  the  presence  of  a  garrison  of  white  troops,  where  its 
power  for  evil  was  entirely  paralyzed.  By  this  and  similar  means  the 
tribe  to  which  that  company  belonged,  which  had  been  one  of  the  most 
dangerous  of  all  the  savage  tribes,  has  been  reduced  to  a  comparatively 
harmless  condition.  In  soiue  other  cases  it  has  been  found  that  tribes 
formerly  warlike  have  by  contact  with  civilization  lost  their  military 
chiiracter,  and  that  they  may  be  counted  as  of  no  military  consequence, 
either  for  or  against  the  United  States.  In  those  cases  the  comx^anies 
have  been  disbanded.  Further  trial  will  doubtless  indicate  satisfactor- 
ily what  tribes  and  to  what  extent  may  wisely  be  called  upon  to  furnish 
any  part  of  the  military  force  of  the  United  States,  with  a  view  to  future 
service,  and  to  what  extent  Indians  may  wisely  be  retained  in  service, 
with  a  view  solely  to  discipline  and  control,  for  the  purpose  of  prevent- 
ing their  employment  in  any  hostile  enterprise  against  the  peojde  of 
the  surrounding  country. 

In  view  of  the  very  limited  strength  of  the  Army  authorized  by  law, 
only  a  small  fraction  of  that  strength  can  be  utilized  in  the  manner 
herein  referred  to;  but  within  that  limit  it  is  far  more  economical,  as 
well  as  more  humane,  to  emijlo}'  the  Indian  as  a  civili'zed  soldier  than 
to  fight  him  as  a  savage  warrior.  Perhaps,  in  the  end,  the  most  valu- 
able of  all  the  results  of  this  policy  will  be  in  its  con^-ietiou  of  the 
Indians,  by  means  which  appeal  to  them  most  forcibly,  of  the  fact  that 
they  are  not  regarded  as  enemies,  but  as  a  part  of  the  people  of  the 
United  States. 

TERM  OF  ENLISTMENT. 

In  an  army  so  small  as  that  permanently  maintained  by  the  United 
States  the  all-imiiortant  requisite  is  efficiency  and  reliability  under  any 
and  all  circumstances  that  may  arise.  To  secure  this  it  seems  e^'ident 
that  the  policy  should  contemplate  the  elimination,  as  soon  as  practica- 
ble, of  all  men  who  can  not  be  molded  into  perfectly  trustworthy  sol- 
diers and  the  retention  in  service  of  all  whose  military  development 
proves  to  be  entire!}'  satisfactory.  Tlie  period  of  five  years — that  of 
the  present  term  of  enlistment — is  much  longer  than  necessary  for  the 
first  purpose,  while  the  limit  of  length  of  service  under  existing  law, 
namely",  ten  years,  is  much  too  short  to  enable  the  Government  to 
obtain  the  best  ser\dce  from  men  who  have  proved  to  be  in  all  respects 
satisfactory. 

There  is  another  serious  objection  to  the  present  limitation  of  ten 
years.  That  period  is  much  too  long  for  a  young  man  to  devote  to  the 
military  service  if  he  nuist  ultinui tely  make  his  career  in  ci\il  life.  He 
thereby  loses  the  op])ortunities  of  youth  which  must  be  availed  of  by 
all  young  men  who  would  win  success  in  the  race  of  life. 

Tiie  benefits  to  the  country  from  the  military  training  of  the  small 
number  of  men  v>ho  are  discharged  after  ten  years  of  service  is  quite 
insignificant.  They  do  not  amount  to  as  many  as  one  in  four  thousand 
of  the  arms-bearing  poi)ulation  of  the  United  States.  In  a  country 
whose  policy  is  based  upon  universal  obligation  to  military  service  and 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  303 

tlie  (leveloiuuent  of  the  ultimate  military  streiij;'tli  of  the  nation,  and 
-^here  a  large  standing  army  is  maintained,  partly  as  a  school  in  which 
all  young  men  capable  of  hearing  arms  may  be  trained,  a  short  term  of 
active  service,  generally  of  three  years,  enables  the  Government  to  give 
that  training  to  every  young  man  capable  of  bearing  arms.  In  our 
country  the  Army  is  far  too  small  to  serve  as  a  valu'able  training  school 
of  this  character.  The  organized  militia  of  the  several  States  serve 
such  a  purpose  to  a  much  better  advantage  without  drawing  young 
men  away  from  their  civil  avocations. 

It  therefore  seems  advisable  that  the  term  of  enlistment  in  the  regu- 
lar service  in  this  country  be  reduced  from  five  to  three  years,  and  that 
the  legal  restriction  upon  reeulistmeuts  be  removed,  so  that  tlie  War 
Department  may  be  at  liberty  to  continue  in  service  those  enlisted  men 
whose  services  are  found  to  be  valuable. 

No  doubt  heretofore  the  practice  has  been  to  reenlist  old  soldiers 
after  they  have  become  less  eflicieut  than  when  they  were  younger,  but 
that  practice  may  readily  be  controlled  by  Executive  action.  It  can 
not  well  be  done  by  legislation,  except  by  shortening  the  term  of  first 
enlistment,  so  as  to  afford  a  ready  means  of  eliminatisig  all  those  who 
will  not,  by  the  value  of  prolonged  service,  probably  acquire  any  claim 
to  further  consideration  in  that  regard. 

A  reduction  of  the  first  term  of  enlistment  to  three  years  would  also, 
in  a  large  measure,  remove  the  reason  for  the  existing  law  providing 
for  the  purchase  of  discharge,  wliich  latter  has  proved  very  prejudi- 
cial to  military  discipline.  As  soon  as  a  young  soldier  has  saved  up 
money  enough  to  j^urchase  his  discharge  he  esteems  himself  independ- 
ent of  his  commanding  ofticer,  and  becomes  restive  under  necessary 
discipline,  since  all  he  has  to  do  to  avoid  further  submission  to  such 
discipline  is  to  buy  his  discharge.  It  would,  in  my  judgment,  be  bene- 
ficial to  the  military  service  to  repeal  the  law  authorizing  the  purchase 
of  discharges. 

THE  RECRUITING  SERVICE. 

Tlie  recruiting  service  has  been  ably  conducted  by  the  present  Adju- 
tant-General, Brig.  Gen.  Eobert  Williams,  and  his  subordinate  officers, 
and  the  improvements  noted  in  my  last  annual  report  have  been  con- 
tinued. The  services  of  the  Medical  Department  and  the  detection 
and  rejection  of  unworthy  or  undesirable  recruits  have  been  greatly 
beneficial.  Great  difficulty  is  necessarily  encountered  in  obtaining 
recruits  who  fulfill  all. the  very  high  qualifications  established,  and 
which  should  be  maintained  in  so  small  an  army  as  that  of  the  United 
States,  and  unworthy  applicants,  through  fraud  or  otherwise,  sometimes 
gain  admission;  but  their  unfitness,  from  whatever  cause,  is  generally 
very  soon  detected,  so  that  they  may  be  dismissed  at  the  depots  before 
being  sent  to  regiments.  Although  recent  favorable  legislation  and 
other  causes  have  diminished  to  a  considerable  extent  the  proportionate 
number  of  desertions  fi'om  the  Army,  thatnumber  still  continues  large, 
and  doubtless  from  causes  entirely  beyond  control,  unless  it  be  by 
increasing  the  certainty  and  severity  of  the  punishment  for  desertion. 

STAFF  DEPARTMENTS. 

The  officers  of  the  Adjutant-General's  and  Inspector-General's  De- 
partments have  discharged  the  duties  which  have  devolved  ujion  them 
under  my  orders  with  great  zeal  and  fidelity.    I  also  take  pleasure  in 


304  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

acknowledging  my  obligations  to  all  the  staff  departments  for  tLeir 
cordial  assistance  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  devolving  upon  me. 
The  de])artnient  commanders  and  their  staff  officers  and  all  the 
troo])S  of  the  li'ie  have  merited  my  commendation  by  the  manner  in 
which  they  have  discharged  their  duties. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

J.  M.  SCHOFIELD, 

Major- General,  Commanding. 
Hon.  Daniel  S.  Lamont, 

Secretary  of  War, 


EEPORTS    TO    THE    MAJOK  GEI^EEAL    COMMANDING    THE 

ARMY. 

eeport  of  the  adjutaxt-general. 

Headquarteks  of  the  Army, 
Adjutant-General's  Office, 

Washington,  Scxdemhcr  27^  1893. 
General:  Pursuant  to  your  instructions,  I  have  the  honor  to  sub- 
mit the  annual  returns  of  the  Army: 

******* 

The  number  of  enlisted  men  now  in  service,  June  30,  1803,  who  are 
drawing  increased  pay  uiider  the  act  of  Congress  of  August  4,  185-1,  is 
as  follows : 

Five  years'  continuous  service  ($2  per  montli) 4,  248 

Ten  years'  continuous  service  ($3  per  niontli) 1,  791 

Fifteen  years'  continuous  service  ($4  per  niontli) 9G0 

Twenty  years'  continuous  service  ($5  per  month) 072 

Twenty-live  years'  eoiitiuuou.s  service  ($6  per  montli) 212 

Tliirty  years'  continuous  service  ($7  per  montli) 12 

Tliirty-live  years'  continuous  service  ($8  per  montli) 2 

Forty  years'  continuous  service  ($9  per  montli) 1 

The  number  of  those  who  will  become  entitled  to  increased  pay 
under  the  act  of  Congress  of  May  15,  1872,  during  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  30,  1895,  is: 

Reeiilisted  pay 386 

One  dollar  per  month  for  third  year  of  service 5,  711 

Two  dollars  per  month  for  fourth  year  of  service 4,  296 

Three  dollars  per  month  for  fifth  year  of  service 3, 113 

And  the  number  of  eidisted  men  whose  terms  will  exjiire  during  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1895,  is  2,117. 

******* 

DESERTION. 

The  number  of  desertions  from  the  Army  reported  as  having  occurred 
during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  is  1,082,  an  increase  of  300 
over  tlie  number  rei)ortcd  for  the  preceding  year. 

This  increase  has  been  attributed  in  part,  in  some  of  the  reports,  to 
the  widespread  dissatisfaction  in  the  ranks  resulting  from  the  law 
which,  by  limiting  the  i)ossible  length  of  service  to  ten  years,  deprives 
the  enlisted  men  of  the  fnture  advantages  which  they  had  the  right  to 
expect  were  guaranteed  to  long  aiul  faithful  service.     This  view  is 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  305 

streugtliened,  in  my  opinion,  by  the  fact  that  the  reported  increase  is 
almost  evenly  distributed  among  seven  of  the  eight  military  depart- 
ments ;  in  the  department  of  California  alone  is  a  decrease  reported. 

While  the  gravity  of  desertion  is  fully  appreciated,  and  it  is  held 
that  punishment  for  this  military  crime  should  both  be  swift  and  ade- 
quate, I  am  nevertheless  of  opinion  that  the  morale  of  the  rank  and 
tile  of  the  Army  is  undoubtedly  good  and  that  its  members  will  bear 
comparison  with  an  equal  number  of  men  of  the  same  class  in  other 
occupations  and  pursuits. 

DISCHARGES. 

Section  2  of  the  act  to  prevent  desertions  from  the  Army,  etc.,  aj)- 
proved  June  16^  1890,  reads  as  follows: 

Sec.  2.  That  enlistments  shall  continue  to  he  made  for  five  years,  as  now  jirovided 
hy  law:  Provided,  That  at  the  end  of  three  years  from  the  date  of  his  enlistment 
every  soldier,  whose  antecedent  service  has  been  faithful,  shall  be  entitled  to  receive 
a  furlough  for  three  months,  and  that,  in  time  of  peace,  he  shall  at  the  end  of  such 
furlough  be  entitled  to  receive  his  discharge  upon  his  own  application :  Provided 
further,  That  soldiers  discharged  under  the  provisions  of  this  section  shall  not  be 
entitled  to  the  allowances  jirovided  in  section  1290  of  the  Revised  Statutes. 

While  section  4  of  the  same  act,  permitting  enlisted  men  to  purchase 
their  discharge  in  time  of  i)eace,  benefits  both  the  Army,  by  eliminat 
ing  from  its  ranks  men  unsuited  for  its  life,  and  the  individual,  by 
ofi'eriug  him  an  honorable  means  of  severing  his  connection  with  a  serv- 
ice for  which  unfitted,  section  2,  on  the  contrary,  benefits  the  indi- 
vidual at  the  expense  of  the  Army,  and,  x)ractical]y,  offers  a  bonus  to 
good  men  to  leave  the  service  after  a  reduced  term.  It  was  thought 
that  the  indulgence  of  a  three-months'  furlough  after  three  years'  service 
would  generally  operate  in  securing  the  continuance  of  the  man  in  the 
military  service.  This  assumi^tion  is  disproved  by  the  fact  that,  of  939 
men  so  discharged  in  1891,  1,452  in  1892,  and  1,573  in  1893 — a  total  of 
3,904 — only  94  men  in  1892  and  453  during  the  past  fiscal  year  sought 
reentry  into  the  army.  The  total  number  (547)  offering  themselves  for 
further  military  service  was  only  a  fraction  over  13  per  cent  of  the 
whole  number  discharged  under  the  provisions  of  the  law.  It  is  evi- 
dent, therefore,  that  as  a  means  of  inducing  men  to  continue  in  the 
military  service  the  hiAv  lacks  potency,  and  that  its  greatest  effect  is  to 
entail  on  the  Army  the  expense  incident  to  filling  the  vacancies  in  the 
ran.ks  created  by  the  discharge  of  three-years'  men.  Excluding  all  con- 
sideration in  regard  to  faithful  antecedents,  the  average  number  of 
men  during  the  past  three  years  who  were  entitled  to  claim  discharge 
was  3,329,  and  the  percentage  of  successful  applicants,  which  in  1891 
was  29,  advanced  to  41  in  1892  and  reached  49  during  the  past  fiscal 
year. 

Carefully  prepared  statistics  place  the  cost  of  a  recruit  at  depot, 
exclusive  of  clothing  and  subsistence,  at  818,  and  that  of  a  recruit 
delivered  at  regiment,  after  tliree  months  of  instruction  at  depot,  at 
$165.  The  1,573  men  discharged  after  furlough  during  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30,  1893,  received,  say,  $50  for  pay  and  allowances  during 
such  furlough,  or  a  total  charge  of  $88,050  against  tbe  military  appro- 
priations. The  first  cost  of  enlisting  an  equal  number  of  recruits  would 
be  §28,314,  or,  if  the  recruits  are  kept  three  months  at  depot  before 
being  sent  to  the  regiments  needing  them,  $259,545. 

The  effect  of  the  law,  as  it  now  stands,  is  to  take  good  men  from  the 
ranks  at  the  end  of  three  years  (and  then  to  give  them  three  mouths' 

Ab.  93 20 


306  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

furlough,  during  whicli  time  tbeir  jjlaces  can  not  be  filled  and  their  pay 
runs  on)  and  to  retain  bad  men  for  five  years. 

For  these  reasons  and  with  a  view  to  the  best  interests  of  the  Army 
and  of  strict  economy  in  military  expenditures,  I  beg  to  recommend 
the  repeal  of  section  2  of  the  act  of  June  16,  1890,  and  that  the  term 
of  enlistment  be  fixed  at  three  years,  so  that  bad  men  as  well  as  good 
may  be  discharged  alike  at  its  exinratiou;  and  that  the  term  durint;- 
which  an  enlisted  man  may  reenlist,  with  increased  pay,  be  establislnd 
at  three  months  instead  of  one,  as  now  provided  bylaw.  The  effect  of 
this  Avill  be  to  give  to  the  soldier  his  three  months'  absence,  without 
expense  to  the  Government  and  without  burdening  the  rolls,  as  at  pres- 
ent, and  to  enable  him  at  its  expiration  to  reenlist,  with  pay,  as  though 
he  had  been  continuously  in  service. 

FRAUDULENT  ENLIST3IENT. 

Until  the  date  of  the  act  of  July  27,  1892,  declaring  fi^udnlent 
enlistment  a  military  offense,  i^unishable  under  the  sixty-second  article  of 
war,  no  legal  means  existed  to  punish  the  men — undesirable,  if  not 
worthless — who  forced  themselves  in  the  ranks  by  concealment  of  dis- 
qualifying facts  or  defects. 

The  "identification  card"  system  of  the  surgeon-general's  office  has 
proved  an  excellent  means  of  detection  and  the  act,  above  cited,  has 
provided  legal  method  of  prevention.  Under  the  working  of  both  the 
system  and  the  law  301  men  were  dishonorably  discharged  during 
the  past  year  for  fraud  perpetrated  by  them  in  their  enlistment.  As 
the  number  of  men  discharged  for  the  same  cause  during  th€  preced- 
ing year  was  394,  it  is  evident  that  fewer  men  of  that  obnoxious  class 
found  their  way  in  the  ranks  of  the  Army,  and,  while  it  can  not  be 
ascertained  how  many  were  led  to  keep  away  by  fear  of  the  law,  it  is 
confidently  hoped  that  its  deterrent  nature  will,  as  it  becomes  more 
and  more  generally  known  by  the  representations  of  recruiting"^  offi- 
cers, eventually  eliminate  that  most  demoralizing  element  from  tLe 
ranks  through  fear  of  an  almost  inevitable  detection,  to  be  followed 
by  swift  and  condign  punishment. 

EEENLISTMENTS. 

The  act  approved  February  27, 1893,  making  approi)riations  for  the 
support  of  the  Army,  contains  the  following  clause : 

And.  hereafter,  in  time  of  pe.aco  **  *  *  uo  private  shall  be  reenlisted  who  has 
served  ten  years  or  more,  or  who  is  over  35  years  of  age,  except  such  as  have  already 
served  as  enlisted  luen  for  twenty  years  or  upward. 

While  the  theoretical  object  of  the  law  was  undoubtedly  to  dissemi- 
nate military  knowledge  among  the  people  by  limiting  service  in  the 
ranks  of  the  Army  to  ten  years,  piactically,  the  end  in  view  can  never 
be  reached  by  that  mea"S,  for  majiy  reasons,  two  of  which  are  the  vol- 
untary system  of  recruiting  the  ranks  and  the  insignificant  relatioi;, 
for  the  jiurpose,  of  the  number  of  enlisted  men  in  the  Army  to  a  iiopu- 
lation  of  70,00LU)00  people.  This  provision  of  law,  moreover,  is  directly 
antagonistic  to  the  best  interests  of  the  military  service  and  has  been 
promotive  of  more  dissatisfaction  than  any  measure  that  has  been 
introduced  for  years.  Its  effect  is  to  discourage  enlistments,  reduce 
reenlistments  after  five  years,  and  cause,  in  the  near  future,  the  bulk  of 
the  Array  to  consist  of  in exx)erienced  young  men  instead  of,  as  it  should 
be,  well-trained  soldiers. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  307 

Many  petitions  bave  been  received  from  every  part  of  the  Army, 
signed  by  oliicers  and  men,  urging  the  repeal  of  the  obnoxious  clause 
of  the  law  cited  above,  for  the  following  reasons: 

(1)  Because  the  meu  enlisted  under  lav.'s  guaranteeing  tliora  an  liouoraLle  status 
and  reasonable  support  alter  thirty  yaars'  service,  or  admission  into  the  Sohliers' 
Home  after  t\\enty  years  or  on  discharge  for  disahility  incurred  in  the  service.  For 
the  support  of  the  Home  a  monthly  reduction  has  been  made  in  their  pay  during 
their  entire  service.  Both  of  these  promises — moral  contracts — are  broken  by  the 
present  law. 

(2)  Tlie  law  goes  counter  to  all  experience  in  denying  the  value  of  special  training. 
Any  private  enterprise  adopting  such  a  plan  would  court  loss  and  disaster,  and  like 
results  must  follow  its  adoption  in  the  Army. 

(3)  The  inevitable  result  of  the  enforcement  of  the  law  will  be  to  till  the  ranks 
with  tickle  men  of  roving  disposition  and  drive  away  men  fond  of  the  military  pro- 
fession. 

The  points  made  in  these  petitions  are  well  taken  and  are  fully  con- 
curred in.  The  law,  however  well  intended  in  theory,  is  positively 
hurtful  to  the  Army  as  well  as  unjust  to  the  men  in  the  ranks. 

It  is  harmftil  to  the  Army  because  it  tends  directly  to  eliminate  from 
the  ranks  a  class  of  men  thoroughly  trained,  imbued  with  military 
spirit,  and  of  good  character,  for  otherwise  they  would  not  have 
been  retained.  While  a  few  veterans  in  a  company,  by  their  presence 
and  example,  teach  tlie  new  men  the  important  lesson  of  obedience, 
fidelity,  and  intelligent  performance  of  duty,  it  takes  a  long  time  to 
make  good  soldiers  of  a  company  composed  entirely  of  recruits.  The 
great  value  of  veteran  regulars  was  thoroughly  shown  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  civil  war.  The  positive  injustice  it  works  to  the  men  in  the 
ranks  is  clearly  pointed  out  in  the  first  point  of  the  ])etitions.  In  addi- 
tion to  all  this  the  law,  if  unrepealed,  will  entail  increased  expenses 
for  keeping  the  ranks  full.  The  statistics  of  the  Army  since  1S80 
shov\r  an  average  presence  in  the  ranks  of  2,772  men  with  a  service  of 
ten  and  less  than  twenty  years,  and  if  this  class  of  trained  soldiers  is 
not  to  be  iiei^mitted  to  continue  in  tlie  service  the  replacement  of  the 
men  necessarily  means  an  increase  of  the  recruiting  expenses. 

The  best  interests  of  tlie  service,  justice  to  the  men  in  the  ranks,  and 
economy  in  expenditures  alike  demand  the  repeal  of  the  clause  in  the 
law  of  February  27,  1883,  which  forbids  the  ret^nlistment  of  men  after 
ten  years'  service. 

******* 

RECRUITING  SERVICE. 

The  manner  of  conducting  the  recruiting  service,  general  and  special, 
during  the  past  year  has  not  materially  differed  from  that  explained  in 
the  last  two  annual  reports  of  the  Adjutant-General;  but  special  efforts 
have  been  made  during  the  greater  part  ol  the  year,  by  means  of  more 
systematic  advertising  and  increased  i)ersonal  effort  on  the  part  of  re- 
cruiting officers,  to  secure  recruits  in  greater  number  without  relaxing 
in  any  degree  the  high  standard  of  qualifications  required. 

GEXERAL  RECRUITING. 

The  superintendent  of  the  general  service  has  his  headquarters  at  Is"ew 
York  City,  and  depots  for  the  collection  and  instruction  of  recruits  have 
been  continued  at  Davids  Island,  Xew  York  Harbor,  and  Columbus  Bar- 
racks, Ohio,  for  infantry  and  heavy  artillery,  and  at  Jefferson  Barracks, 
Mo.,  for  cavalry  and  light  artillery. 


308  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

October  1,  1892,  recruiting'  rendezvous  were  In  operation  at  tlie  fol- 
lowing places:  Three  in  the  city  of  Cbicago,  111.;  t\YO,  eacb,  in  the 
cities  of  Boston,  New  York,  and  PhiladeliJliia;  and  one,  each,  at  Spring- 
field, jNlass.,  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Albany,  Brooklyn  (a  branch  of  New 
York  City),  Buffalo,  and  Kochester,  N.  Y.;  Camden  and  Newark,  N.  J.; 
Harrisburg',  Altoona,  and  Pittsburg',  Pa.;  Cincinnati  and  Cleveland, 
Ohio;  Evansville,  Fort  Wayne,  Indianapolis,  and  Terre  Haute,  Ind.; 
Springfield,  111.;  Detroit  and  Grand  llapids,  Midi.;  INIilwaukee,  Wis.; 
Davenport,  Iowa;  St.  Paul  and  Minueaiiolis,  Minn.;  St.  Louis,  Mo.; 
Louisville,  Ky. ;  Nashville,  Chattanooga,  and  Knoxville,  Tenn.;  Port 
Gibson,  Miss.;  Wheeling,  W.  Va.;  Baltimore,  Md. ;  AVashington,  D.  C; 
San  Francisco,  Cal. ;  and  Seattle,  Wash. 

In  November,  1892,  the  rendezvous  at  Altoona,  Pa.,  and  Port  Gibson, 
Miss.,  Avere  transferred  to  Toledo,  Ohio,  and  Memphis,  Tenn.,  respec- 
tively, and  in  May,  1893,  a  rendezvous  was  opened  in  Lynchburg,  Va. 

Eeiidezvous  were  closed  during  the  year  as  follows:  At  Terre  Haute, 
Ind.,  and  Davenport,  Iowa,  in  February,  1893;  at  Memi:)his,  Tenn.,  in 
March,  1893;  at  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  and  Springfield, 
111.,  in  May,  1893;  and  one,  each,  at  Boston  and  Philadelphia  in  June, 
1893.  In  connection  with  the  regular  rendezvous,  temporary  branch 
rendezvous  were  conducted  from  time  to  time,  as  circumstances 
required,  until  August,  1893,  when  all  temporary  branches  were  closea. 

During  the  month  of  August  it  became  necessary,  owing  to  the 
largely  increased  number  of  applicants  for  enlistment,  undoubtedly 
due,  in  a  great  measure,  to  the  general  business  depression,  to  place 
restrictions  upon  recruiting  for  the  general  service  and  to  instruct  the 
recruiting  officers  in  the  various  cities  to  make  careful  selection,  from 
the  best  class  ol  api)licants,  of  the  most  promising  material,  with  a  view 
to  securing  an  exceptionally  fine  class  of  recruits. 


INDIAN  ENLISTMENTS. 

The  whole  number  of  Indian  soldiers  enlisted  up  to  June  30, 1893,  was 
963,  of  whom  126  were  enlisted  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  with  that 
date.  During  the  past  year  the  members  of  four  Indian  companies 
whose  organization  had  not  been  completed  have  been  discharged  and 
these  Indian  organizations  discontinuetl.  A  number  of  other  discharges 
of  Indian  soldiers  have  also  been  made  for  various  causes  under  the 
provisions  of  existing  law.  There  are  now  in  service  15  Indian  com- 
panies, viz:  6  troops  of  cavalry  and  9  companies  of  infantry. 

******* 

EespectfuUy  submitted. 

E.  Williams, 

Adjutant-  General. 

Maj.  Gen.  JonN  M.  Schofield, 

Commanding  the  Army. 


I 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  309 


EEPOPvT  OF  THE  ADJUTANT-GENEEAL. 

War  Department,  Adjutant-Geiseral's  Office, 

Washiuf/ton,  October  3,  1893. 
Sir  :  I  liave  the  liouor  to  submit  ray  auunal  report  for  the  year  eiuled 
September  1,  1893. 

military  colleges. 

Au  examiuation  of  the  data  in  the  tabulated  statement  submitted 
herewith,  compiled  from  the  reports  of  the  ofiicers  detailed  as  pro- 
fessors of  military  science  and  tactics  at  the  several  institutions  enu- 
merated, aftbrds  convincing  evidence  of  the  steadily  increasing  favor 
with  which  the  American  people  regard  an  intelligent  and  judicious 
blending  of  military  instruction  and  exercises  with  the  scholastic  course 
of  studies.  This  gratifying  growth  of  popular  interest  will  be  best 
shown  by  the  following  comparison  of  the  results  of  the  past  scholastic 
year  with  those  of  the  two  preceding  years : 

Average  number  of  students  over  15  years  of  age: 

1890-*91 15,717 

1891-'92 18,  484 

1892-'93 21,438 

Average  unmber  of  students  under  15  years  of  age : 

1890-'91 ^20 

1891-'92 710 

1892-'93 , 2,190 

Total  average  attendance : 

1890-'91 16,  537 

1891-'92 19,194 

1892-93 23,628 

"Whole  number  of  male  students  capable  of  military  duty: 

1890-91 12,  301 

1891-'92 15, 184 

1892-'93 17,  519 

Number  required  to  be  enrolled  as  military  students: 

1890-'91 7,  487 

1891-'92 8,098 

1892-'93 8,943 

Total  number  that  received  military  instruction  during  the  last  quarter: 

1890-'91 7,366 

1891-'92 9,012 

1892-'93 10,  790 

While  the  above  figures  show  that — as  proper  in  a  country  which 
relies,  in  time  of  public  danger,  on  its  citizen  soldiery — the  educational 
centers  selected  are  becoming  more  and  more  important  factors  in 
insuring  the  greatest  efficiency  of  that  important  branch  of  the  military 
service,  the  system  can  only  reach  its  full  development  when  at  all 
institutions  securing  a  detail  the  rule  is  made  imperative  that  every 
male  physically  capable  shall  be  enrolled  as  a  military  student.  In 
this  connection  it  is  noticed  that  at  seven  of  the  colleges  enrollment  is 
purely  optional,  and  it  is  hardly  strange,  therefore,  that  at  one  of  the 
institutious  the  military  professor  is  constrained  to  report  the  interest 
manifested  by  the  facuity  (with  one  exception)  as  simply  passive. 

To  further  disseminate  these  benefits  it  is  believed  that  instruction 
now  provided  for  colleges  should  be  extended  to  the  ''high  schools*'  of 
our  large  cities,  and  itls  recommended  that  legislation  authorizing  the 
detail  of  twenty-five  additional  officers  for  the  purpose  be  enacted. 
The  advantages  to  both  the  service  and  the  people  are  too  manifest  to 
require  argument. 

At  institutions  where  the  total  average  attendance  of  pupils  is  below 


310  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

40  and  more  than  oiie-tliird  of  the  number  is  composed  of  boys  under 
15  years  of  age,  it  would  seem  evident  that,  regardless  of  the  ambi- 
tious title  of  the  school  or  of  the  degree  of  interest  iu  military  duties 
manifested  by  both  pupils  and  faculty,  the  practical  benefit  resulting 
from  the  assigumeht  thereat  of  a  military  professor  is  not  at  all  com- 
mensurate with  the  means  afforded. 

As  the  usual  length  of  a  collegiate  course  of  studies  is  four  years, 
there  are  cogent  reasons  for  fixing  that  term  as  the  length  of  the  tour 
of  duty  of  officers  detailed  as  professors  of  militarj''  science  and  tactics, 
and  I  beg  to  recommend  its  adoption.  It  would,  moreover,  conform 
to  the  general  rule  governing  the  details  of  officers  on  special  duty. 
******* 

Eespectfully  submitted. 

E.  Williams, 
Adjutant-  General. 
Hon.  Daniel  S.  Lamont, 

Secretary  of  War. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  ACTING  JUDG^E- ADVOCATE  GEI^TEEAL. 

Wae  Department, 
Judge-Advocate-General's  Office, 

Washington,  2).  C,  September  28,  1893. 

Hon.  Daniel  S.  Lamont, 

Secretary  of  \Yar : 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  annual  report  of  the  Judge- 
Advocate-General's  Department  for  the  year  ending  August  31,  1893. 

Coiiimissioucd  officers  tried  hy  general  court-martial — 

Records  reported  upon  and  submitted  to  the  Secretary  of  War  for  action 

of  the  President 3 

Records  received,  revised,  and  recorded,  not  requiring  the  action  of  the 

President  (acquitted,  1;  convicted,  5) 6 

Enlisted  men  tried  by  general  court-martial  (convicted,  2,015;  acquitted,  162) .  2, 177 
Military  convicts  tried  by  general  court-martial  (convicted) 12 

Total  trials  by  general  court-martial 2, 198 


Trials  by  general  court-martial — 

Year  ending  August  31,  1892 2,226 

Year  ending  August  31,  1893 2, 198 

Decrease 28 

Cases  apijarcntly  brought  before  general  courts-martial  with  a  view  to  dis- 
charge on  proof  of  five  or  more  prior  convictions — 

Year  ending  August  31,  1892 251 

Year  ending  August  31,  1893 356 

Increase  over  last  year 105 

Trials  for  fraudulent  enlistment  alone — 

Year  ending  August  31,  1892 0 

Year  ending  August  31, 1893 64 

Increase  over  last  year 61 

Decrease  of  trials  this  year  as  compared  with  last,  leaving  out  trials  with  a  view 
to  discharge  on  proof  of  prior  convictions  and  trials  for  fraudulent  enlist- 
ment        197 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  311 

Kiimber  of  convictions  of  different  offences,  taken  from  tlie  records  of 
general  courts-martial  received  at  tliis  office  during  the  year  ending 
August  31,  1893: 

Sixteenth  Article  of  War — 

Wasting   ammiiuition 1 

Seveuteeutii  Article  of  War — 

Losing  clothing 46 

Losing  Government  property 38 

Selling  clothing 46 

Selling  Government  j)roperty 1 

Twentieth  Article  of  War- 
Disrespect  to  commanding  officer ■ 15 

Twenty-first  Article  of  War — 

Attempting  to  strike  superior  officer 3 

Disobeying  superior  officer 86 

Twenty -fourth  Article  of  AVar — 

Disobeying  non-commissioned  officer  quelling  a  fray 3 

Drawing  weapon  upon  non-commiasioued  officer  quelling  a  fray 1 

Thirty-first  Article  of  War — 

Lying  out  of  quarters 4 

Thirty-second  Article  of  War — 

Absence  without  leave 463 

Thirtv-third  Article  of  War — 

Failure  to  attend  drill,  roll  call,  etc 200 

Thirty-eighth  xVrticle  of  War — 

Drunkenness  on  duty 137 

Thirty-ninth  Article  of  War — 

Quitting  post 34 

Sleeping  on  post 36 

Fortieth  Article  of  War — 

Quitting  guard 28 

Forty-seventh  Article  of  Vv'ar — 

Desertion 521 

Fifty-first  Article  of  War — 

Advising  soldier  to  desert 2 

Fifty-fifth  Article  of  War— 

Destroj'ing  private  property i 2 

Sixtieth  Article  of  War— 

Dui)lication  of  pay  vouchers 2 

Embezzlement ^ 

Forgery 1 

Frauds -^ 

Larceny 16 

Selling  Government  property - 2 

Sixty-first  Article  of  War — 

Duplication  of  pay  vouchers 2 

Sixty-second  Article  of  War — 

Absence  without  leave,  not  chargeable  under  the  Thirty-second  Article  of 

War - 17 

Aiding  soldier  to  desert 1 

Allowing  prisoner  to  escape 15 

Assault 20 

Assault  and  battery 137 

Assault  with  dangerous  or  deadly  weapon 49 

Assault  with  intent  to  kill 15 

Attempt  at  suicide 1 

Attempting  to  desert 1 

Attempting  to  escape  from  military  prison 1 

Breach  of  arrest 61 

Connnitting  a  nuisance 20 

Disobej'iug  commissioned  officer 54 

Disobej'iug  non-commissioned  ofliccr 221 

Disobeying  sentinel 6 

Disposing  of  clothing 4 

Disrespect  to  superior  officer 53 


312  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Sixty-second  Article  of  War — Continued, 

Drunkenness 205 

Drunkeiine.ss,  etc.,  causing  arrest,  etc.,  by  civil  authorities 23 

Duplication  of  pay  accounts 1 

Embezzlement 3 

Escaping  from  guard  or  arrest 13 

Escaping  from  military  prison 9 

False  swearing 3 

Fighting 10 

Forgery 6 

Fraudulent  enlistment o...  89 

Indecent  exposure  of  person 3 

Insubordinate  conduct  towards  non-commissioned  officer 98 

Larceny 89 

Malingering 6 

Neglect  of  duty 99 

Perjury 3 

Resisting  arrest 62 

Selling,  losing,  or  wasting  Government  iiroiierty 4 

Threatening  to  strike  superior  officer 1 

Uttering  forged  paper 4 

Disorders,  etc.,  charged  as  "conduct  to  tlie  prejudice  of  good   order  and 

military  discipline"  (not  included  under  previous  heads) 572 

******* 

The  number  of  trials  by  inferior  courts-martial  for  tlie  eleven  months 

ending  August  31,  1892,  was  10,670,  as  agaiust  14,988  for  the  year 
covered  by  this  report,  showing  a  decrease  of  probably  over  3,000  cases 
this  year  as  compared  Avith  the  corresponding  jieriod  last  year. 

Attention  is  invited  to  the  accompanying  reports  of  the  judge-advo- 
cates of  departments,  which  contain  valuable  information. 
Yery  resxiectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

G.  Norman  Lieber, 
Acting  Judge- Advocate-  General. 


EEPOPvT  or  THE  QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL. 

Quarter^iaster-Genebal's  Office, 

Washington,  D.  C,  Scptcmher  14,  1893. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  annnal  report  of  the  Quarter- 
master's Department  for  the  fiscal  year  euding  June  30,  1893: 


CLOTHING  AND  EQUIPAGE   SUPPLIES. 

The  sum  appropriated  for  the  past  fiscal  year  for  the  purchase  and 
manufacture  of  clothing  and  equipage  M^as  $1,200,000.  There  was 
placed  to  the  credit  of  this  approi)riation  the  sum  of  $215,150.19  on 
account  of  issues  of  clothing  and  equipage  to  the  militia  and  $110,011.63 
from  sales  to  officers,  etc.,  making  a  total  of  $1,525,701.82. 

Of  this  sum  $1,301,285.23  was  paid  out  during  the  fiscal  year,  leav- 
ing a  balance  on  hand  June  30,  1893,  of  $224,470.59,  which  will  be 
required  to  meet  outstanding  obligations. 

The  issues  to  the  militia  of  the  several  States  and  Territories  during 
the  fiscal  year  amounted  to  $219,893.24. 

The  following  issues  were  made  during  the  fiscal  year,  which,  with 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  313 

tlie  sales  credited  to  miscellaneous  receipts,  represent  a  total  loss  to 
the  clothing  appropriation : 

For  prisoners'  clotliing,  &c.,  military  prison,  Fort  Leavenwortii,  Ivans  ..  $1,  586. 11 

For  prisoners'  clotliing,  Alcatraz  Island,  Cal 1,  227. 19 

To  the  militia  of  the  District  of  Columbia 6,  565.  60 

To  the  Indian  prisoners  of  war,  Mount  Vernon  barracks,  Ala 4,  877.  27 

Sale  of  leather  cuttings  at  military  prison,  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans.,  pro- 
ceeds credited  to  miscellaneous  receipts 258.  32 

Sale  of  condemned  clothing  and  equipage,  &c.,  j^roceeds  credited  to  mis- 
cellaneous receipts 9, 442.  47 

Total 23,956.96 

By  authority  of  the  Secretary  of  War  there  was  transferred  to  the 
Supervising  Surgeon-General  of  the  Marine-Hospital  Service,  for  the 
cholera  quarantine  station  at  Sandy  Hook,  New  Jersey,  400  tents, 
from  those  purchased  for  use  of  the  sufferers  from  the  overflow  of  the 
Mississii^pi  Elver,  under  act  of  Congress  approved  March  31,  1890. 

Orders  Avere  also  given  to  transfer  200  tents  to  the  Marine-Hospital 
Service  for  the  establishment  of  an  emigrant  detention  cami?  on 
Fisherman's  Island.     Total  cost  of  all  these  tents  was  $1,920. 

******* 

IRREGULARITIES   OF   CUT   AND   MAKE  IN   CLOTHIQ. 

Just  criticism  has  been  passed,  both  in  and  out  of  the  Army,  upon  the 
wide  differences  existing  in  the  size  and  cut  of  clothing  worn  by  enlisted 
men.  All  "made-up"  clothing  issued  is  of  standard  uniform  pattern,  but 
the  practice  of  issuing  uniform  supplies  "unmade"  results  either  in  the 
uniforms  being  made  up  according  to  the  erratic  and  changeable  caprice 
of  some  easily  accessible  tailor,  or  more  frequently,  it  would  appear,  in 
allowing  the  varying  fancy  or  uneducated  taste  of  the  soldier  to  assert 
itself.  The  result  is  a  lack  of  uniformity,  unpleasing  alike  to  the  mili- 
tary and  to  the  civilian.  Thus  one  may  see  in  nearly  every  company  in 
the  Army,  as  well  as  on  our  streets  in  cities  and  towns,  both  close-titting 
and  loose  blouses  and  coats;  while  individual  tastes  in  trousers  run  the 
gamut  from  the  skin-tight  variety,  with  swelling  "hoodlum"  or  "bowery'* 
bottoms,  to  those  of  exaggerated,  sailor-like  proportions. 

The  eifect  upon  the  beholder  of  this  grotesque  exliibition  is  not  pleas- 
ant, and,  if  no  other  remedy  can  be  found  for  this  departure  from  regu- 
lar standards,  it  is  respectfully  suggested  that  the  issue  of  unmade 
clothing  be  suspended  altogether. 

The  Quartermaster's  Department  furnishes  twelve  different  sizes  in 
trousers  of  uniform  cut,  and  there  need  be  no  difficulty  in  fitting  every 
enlisted  man. 


SUPERIORITY   OF   HORSES. 

The  horses  purchased  for  the  cavalry  and  artillery  of  the  Army  dur- 
ing the  year  have  been  of  an  unusually  good  quality,  while  the  prices 
paid  have  been  reasonable. 

From  all  information  obtainable  it  is  known  that,  in  the  character  of 
its  mount,  our  Army  is  now  superior  to  that  of  any  other. 

IMPROVED   AMBULANCES. 

One  hundred  ambulances  of  an  improved  pattern  have  been  con- 
structed under  contract  and  are  now  ready  for  issue.     These  ambu- 


314  PAPERS -ACCOMPANYING    THE 

lances  meet  the  requirements  of  the  service  more  fully  than  any  hereto- 
fore supplied. 


REGULAR   SUPPLIES. 

During  the  fiscal  year,  892  cavalry  and  83  artillery  horses  were 
purcliased  at  an  aggregate  cost  of  §110,515.55,  and  also  33  team  horses 
and  552  mules,  costing  $96,768.20. 

At  the  close  of  the  last  fiscal  year  there  were  on  hand  6,647  cavalry 
and  artillery  horses,  293  team  horses,  and  3,981  mules. 

Tlie  sum  of  $123,355.60  was  expended  for  heating  and  ligliting; 
$105,821.12  for  illuminating  supplies;  83,875.77  for  veterinarj^  supplies; 
$12,155.73  for  wagons,  carts,  etc.;  $68,928.25  for  stoves,  ranges  and 
extra  parts;  $11,232.27  for  horse  and  mule  shoes,  horseshoe  nails,  and 
shoeing  tools;  $3,439.23  for  post  bakeries,  schools,  and  gardens;  and 
$4,359.96  for  tableware  and  kitchen  utensils. 

There  was  manufactured  at  the  military  prison,  Fort  Leavenworth, 
Kans.,  during  the  year,  furniture  for  stoves  and  ranges,  costing 
$6,2(J0.73;  harness,  costing  $13,983.90,  and  mess  tables,  benches,  stools, 
company  field  desks,  and  rope  mats,  costing  $1,552.65. 


lilLLITARY  POSTS. 

Congress,  by  act  approved  August  5,  1892,  appropriated  the  sum  of 
$400,000  "for  the  construction  of  buildings  at  and  the  enlargement 
ot  such  military  posts  as,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Secretary  of  War, 
may  be  necessary,"  and  with  the  balance  of  $90,820.96,  remaining  on 
hand  from  previous  appropriations,  together  with  the  sum  of  $25,000 
from  i)re\uous  allotments  for  construction  at  Fort  Wayne  and  Fort 
Sam  Houston,  an  aggregate  of  $515,820.90  was  available  during  the 
fiscal  year  for  the  purpose  above  stated. 

Of  this  sum  the  following  apportionment  was  made: 

Fort  Brady,  Mich $52,  122. 05  i  Columbus  Barracks,  Ohio  ...     $2,  523. 65 

Fort  Sboridau,  111 46,569.73      Miscellaneous  expeutlitures  at 


various  posts 3,  930.  85 

Balance    on   hand    June    30, 

1893 120,397.30 


Fort  Mc Kinuey,  Wyo 50,  000.  00 

Fort  Ethan  Allen,  Yt 77,  222.  50 

Madison  Barracks,  N.  Y 13,  298.  49 

Fort  Crook,  Nebr 87,  458.  70 

Fort  Bliss,  Tex  52,894.02!  Total 515,820.96 

Fort  Sam  Houston,  Tex 9,  403.  67  , 

A  number  of  the  buildings  authorized  at  the  posts  above  mentioned 
have  been  completed,  and  others  are  in  course  of  erection  or  contracted 
for. 


PERMANENT  BUILDINGS   AT  MILITARY  POSTS. 

Considerations  of  military  efficiency  and  economy  having  dictated 
the  policy  of  drawing  in  many  of  the  small  detachments  of  the  Army, 
and  concentrating  them  at  points  commanding  extensive  lines  of  com- 
munication, the  result  has  been  the  establishment  of  several  large 
military  posts  and  the  abandonment,  either  actual  or  contemj)lated,  of 
a  number  of  smaller  and  more  isolated  ones. 

In  all  places  which  gave  promise  of  permanency,  it  has  been  the  aim 
of  this  department,  as  a  measure  of  true  economy,  to  construct  build- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  315 

ing.s  of  stone,  brick  or  other  enduring-  material;  of  solid  and  stable 
T^'orkiuanship,  and  of  as  agreeable  and  dignified  an  appearance  as  is 
consistent  witb  tbe  use  for  which  they  are  intended. 

Great  care  has  been  taken  in  the  preparation  of  plans  for  these 
buildings,  both  for  officers  and  men,  not  only  as  regards  suitability 
and  convenience,  but  with  special  care  to  the  best  and  most  apjiroved 
sanitary  requirements  and  appliances.  It  is  believed  that,  in  all  these 
resjiccts,  as  well  as  architecturally,  they  more  than  favorably  compare 
with  similar  military  structures  in  other  countries. 

In  order  that  this  work  may  be  carried  on  economically  and  to  the 
best  advantage,  permanency  considered,  it  is  earnestly  hojDed  that 
Congress  will  make  liberal  appropriations  therefSr. 

CONSOLIDATED   MESSES   AKD   IMESS  HALLS. 

"Mess  halls  have  been  erected  and  are  in  use  at  the  following  posts,  viz : 
Fort  Bliss,  Fort  Brady,  Davids  Island,  Jefferson  Barracks,  Fort  Mc- 
Pherson,  Plattsburg  Barracks,  Fort  Biley,  Fort  Sam  Houston,  Fort 
Sheridan,  and  Fort  Thomas.  In  addition,  the  consolidated  mess  has 
been  established  at  Fort  Myer,  Key  West  Barracks,  Fort  Schuyler, 
Fort  Warren,  and  Willets  Point;  accommodations  already  existing  at 
these  posts  having  been  supplemented  by  this  Department,  so  that  the 
common  mess  is  conveniently  carried  on. 

Like  all  changes  in  system,  the  consolidated  mess  has  its  critics  as 
well  as  defenders.  In  some  instances  there  has  been  an  ap])arently 
unreasoning  prejudice  on  the  part  of  those  charged  with  its  supervision, 
which  has  impaired  its  usefuluess  and  delayed  success. 

It  is  proper  to  state,  however,  that  the  majority  of  commanding 
officers  at  posts  where  the  system  has  been  fairly  tried  accord  it  high 
praise. 

While  it  seems  to  be  satisfactorily  established  that  the  consolidated 
mess  is  excellently  adapted  for  the  needs  of  large  posts,  no  further 
extension  is  recommended  until  time  and  further  trial  have  removed 
the  objections  brought  against  it. 

Among  its  advantages  may  be  clearly  recognized  vastly  better  cook- 
ing than  is  possible  in  the  company  mess,  an  economy  in  material 
which  results  in  substantial  saving  in  the  ration — a  saving  Avhich  all 
goes  to  the  improvement  of  the  table — and  the  consequent  betterment 
of  the  soldier's  condition. 

The  introduction  of  better  and  more  scientific  cooking  in  the  consol- 
idated mess,  through  the  medium  of  trained  cooks,  for  whose  employ- 
ment provision  should  be  made  by  Congress,  will  result,  it  is  believed, 
in  the  gradual  adoption  throughout  the  Army  of  improved  methods  ot 
preparing  food  and  in  the  soldier  being  better  fed  and,  as  a  conse- 
quence, more  healthy  and  contented. 

FORT  MYER  WATER   SUPPLY. 

The  estimates  of  last  year  contained  an  item  for  supplying  Fort  Myer 
with  water,  by  making  connection  at  Georgetown  with  the  largo  main 
of  the  Washington  Aqueduct. 

This  having  failed  to  receive  the  approval  of  Congress,  and  the  neces- 
sity for  an  immediate  increase  in  the  water  supply  for  the  garrison 
being  imperative,  the  honorable  Secretary  of  War  directed  that  water  be 
taken  from  the  Potomac  Eiver,  at  the  south  end  of  the  Aqueduct  Bridge, 
whence  it  is  forced  through  G-inch  iron  pipes  into  tanks  at  the  post. 

This  arrangement  is  not  entirely  satisfactoiy,  and  it  is  hoped  that 


316  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

CoiigTess  will  authorize  a  counectiou  with  the  large  main  of  the  Wash- 
ing-ton Aqueduct,  in  accordance  with  the  original  plan,  which  met  the 
full  api^roval  of  the  Chief  of  Eugiueers,  and  was  strongly  urged  by  the 
Surgeon-deueral  of  the  Army.  The  connection  can  be  very  easily  made, 
and  at  slight  expense. 

The  daily  consumption  of  water  by  the  250  officers  and  soldiers  of  the 
garrison  (probably  within  40,000  gallons)  would  be  relatively  so  small 
as  to  be  insignificant,  so  far  as  regards  the  demand  it  would  make  upon 
the  AVashington  Aqueduct. 

Owing  to  the  situation  of  the  post,  it  has  been  practically  impossible 
to  procure  a  supply  of  pure  water  in  any  other  manner,  every  known 
method  having  been  exhausted. 

RESERVATIONS. 

The  following  reservations  or  parts  thereof  have  been  transferred  to 
the  Interior  Department  for  disposition  under  the  act  of  Congress 
approved  July  5,  1884: 

Acres. 

Oklalioma,  Okla 160 

St  Marks,  Fla 50 

Fort  Thomas,  Ariz 10,  487 

A  tract  of  land  containing  5.516  acres  was  set  aside  by  letter  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  of  Maj-  11,  1893,  for  a  hospital  site  at  Fort 
Yellowstone,  Wyo.,  adjoining  the  tract  of  22.5  acres  previously  set 
aside  for  military  purposes. 

By  authority  of  the  President  of  May  4,  1893,  a  tract  of  700  acres, 
more  or  less,  was  reserved  for  military  purposes  on  Anastasia  Island, 
contiguous  to  St.  Augustine,  Fla. 

NOMENCLATURE   OE  MILITARY  POSTS. 

General  Order  No.  11,  of  1832  directed  that  thereafter  all  canton- 
ments should  be  called  "forts."  With  the  lapse  of  time,  however,  a 
contrary  practice  grew  up  and,  although  a  partial  reform  was  instituted 
bj'  General  Order  79,  of  1878,  certain  anomalies  still  exist  in  the  nomen- 
clature of  our  military  i)osts  which  might  well  be  corrected,  for  the 
sake  of  uniformity  and  i^roprietj'. 

A  very  large  number  of  military  posts  have  been  named  from  the 
locality  where  they  are  placed,  some  of  which,  like  Angel  Island,  Alca- 
traz  Island,  Davids  Island,  San  Carlo?,  and  Willets  Point,  are  not  dig- 
nified by  any  military  appellation  which  is  distinctive.  A  few  posts 
bear  the  names  of  Indian  tribes  distinguished  neither  for  friendliness 
nor  other  good  qualities. 

We  have  a  i^residio  (Si)anish  place  of  defens<?,  garrison,  or  guard- 
house), which  is  a  relic  of  the  days  of  easy  conquest. 

We  liave  named  posts  after  Presidents  and  princes,  general  officers 
and  lieutenants,  Christian  saints  and  heathen  sinners,  Spaniards, 
Frenchmen,  and  Englishmen,  who  were  in  no  way  distinguished  in,  or 
connected  with,  the  civil  ormilitary  service  of  the  United  States;  white 
men  and  Indians,  cities,  towns  and  villages;  after  mountain  peaks  and 
valleys,  and  river  forks  and  creeks;  the  greater  number  being  without 
significance  or  dignity. 

There  are  still  some  fifteen  permanent  posts  known  as  "barracks," 
a  term  erroneously  applied  to  a  military  post  which  must  of  necessity 
comprise  a  variety  of  buildings  and  quarters  for  officers,  as  well  as 
barracks  for  enlisted  men. 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  317 

It  is  respectfully  suggested  tliat  the  order  of  1878  be  amended  so  as 
to  reserve  to  the  Secretary  of  War  the  naming  of  military  i:)osts,  and 
to  prescribe  the  prefix  "Fort"  for  all  iDcrmanent  posts;  that  the  title 
''barracks"  be  dropped,  and  that  all  purely  local  names  be  eliminated 
from  the  nomenclature  of  military  posts. 

A  desire  to  honor  the  names  of  brave  soldiers  has  been  shown  in  a 
few  instances.  Kiley,  Clark,  Buford,  Sill,  Eobinson,  Crook,  Whipple, 
and  others  were  thus  honored,  while  Grant,  Sheridan,  Thomas,  McPlier- 
son,  Meade,  and  Sherman  have  been  remembered,  and  the  distinguished 
Hr^ncock's  name  has  been  given  to  a  minor  temi)orary  j^ost  in  Texas. 

But  there  remains  on  the  roll  of  honor  a  g,alaxy  of  names  from  which 
to  select;  names  borne  by  departed  heroes  distinguislied  for  brilliant 
and  grand  achievements  in  the  service  of  the  Republic.  What  names 
more  appropriate  could  be  bestowed  upon  the  different  military  i^osts 
of  the  country!  To  ])erpetuate  the  names  of  such  men  is  to  keep  the 
memory  of  their  deeds  ever  in  the  minds  of  our  officers  and  soldiers. 

The  following  list  of  military  posts  is  respectfully  submitted  for  con- 
sideration in  this  connection: 

Alcatraz  Island.  Mount  Vernon  Barracks. 

Angel  Island.  Fort  Niobrara. 

Fort  Apache.  Fort  Pembina. 

Fort  Assinniboine.  Plattsburg  Barracks. 

Fort  Barrancas.  Presidio  of  San  Francisco. 

Boise  Barracks.  St.  Francis  Barracks. 

Benicia  Barracks.  San  Carlos. 

Columbus  Barracks.  Sau  Diego  Barracks. 

Davids~Ielaud.  Fort  Spokane. 

Fort  Ducliesne.  Fort  Supply. 

Eagle  Pass.  Vancouver  Barracks. 

Fort  Huacliuca.  Fort  Walla  Walla. 

Jackson  Barracks.  Fort  Washakie. 

Jefferson  Barracks.  Washington  Barracks. 

Xey  West  Barracks.  ■  Whipple  Barracks. 

Madison  Barracks.  Willets  Point. 


Fort  Missoula. 


NATIONAL   CEMETERIES. 


The  military  cemetery  at  Santa  Fe,  N.  Mex.,  having  been  declared 
a  national  cemetery  by  the  Secretary  of  War  on  September  10,  1892, 
increased  the  number  of  such  cemeteries  at  the  close  of  the  year  to 
eighty-three,  with  seventy-three  superintendents. 

During  the  fiscal  year  U,108  white  marble  headstones  were  provided 
to  mark  the  graves  of  Union  soldiers,  sailors,  and  marines  buried  in 
national,  post,  city,  and  village  cemeteries. 

Rei)airs  have  been  made  during  the  fiscal  year  to  the  lodges,  out- 
buildings, inclosing  vralls,  walks,  water  snpply,  and  drainage,  etc.,  at 
all  of  tlie  cemeteries,  and  the  grounds  kept  in  good  order. 

Contracts  have  been  made  for  the  erection  of  new  brick  outbuildings 
to  replace  old  wooden  structures  in  the  national  cemeteries  at  Fort 
Leavenworth,  Kans.,  Soldiers'  Home,  District  of  Columbia,  and  Cul- 
peper  and  Yorktown,  Va. ;  also  for  a  stone  outbuilding  in  the  Grafton, 
W.  Va.,  national  cemetery. 

At  the  Arlington,  Va.,  national  cemetery  the  mansion  and  outbuild- 
ings have  been  repaired,  and  the  grounds,  drives,  drainage,  and  water 
supply  kept  in  proper  order.  Additional  drainage  and  catch  basins 
have  been  provided  for  the  roadway  in  the  new  addition,  and  a  grano- 
lithic foot  walk  laid  from  the  western  entrance  to  connect  with  the  pave- 
ment heretofore  constructed  around  the  mansion.  A  contract  has  also 
been  made  for  the  construction  of  a  receiving  vault. 


318  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Arrangements  have  been  made  with  the  Cave  Hill  Cemetery  Company, 
of  Louisville,  Ivy.,  for  the  transfer  to  the  United  States  of  a  piece  of 
land  containing  15,931  square  feet,  more  or  less,  situated  between  sec- 
tions B  and  O  of  the  Cave  Hill  JS'atioual  Cemetery  grounds,  and  in 
which  upwards  of  200  bodies  of  Union  soldiers  were  buried  in  1868, 
when  removed  from  the  battlefields  in  that  vicinity. 

The  approach  to  the  national  cemetery  at  Chahnette,  La.,  has  been 
practically  demolished  for  the  distance  of  1,875  feet  to  make  room  for 
a  new  levee  which  was  constructed  during  the  past  winter  by  the  Engi- 
neer Department. 

,  At  the  Custer  Battlefield,  Mont.,  national  cemetery,  the  post  and 
wire  fence  inclosing  the  cemetery  reservation  has  been  put  in  thorough 
repair,  and  one  large  gate,  with  arch,  and  one  small  one  (turnstile)  con- 
structed. Four  hundred  and  seventy-five  headstones  have  been  reset 
in  brick  and  cement,  and  the  "Custer  monument"  repaired.  In  conse- 
quence of  the  improtected  condition  of  the  cemetery,  visitors  and  relic- 
hunters  have  almost  entirely  destroyed  the  headstone  marking  the  place 
where  Gen.  Custer  fell.  It  is  contemplated  to  permanently  inclose  with 
a  brick  or  stone  wall  and  improve  a  part  of  the  reservation  for  ceme- 
terial  purposes  and  to  erect  a  superintendent's  lodge.  Since  the  close 
of  the  fiscal  year  a  superintendent  has  been  placed  in  charge  of  this 
cemetery. 

At  the  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  national  cemetery,  the  monument  erected 
by  the  State  of  Xew  York  in  memory  of  the  dead  of  that  State  who  fell 
in  the  battleof  Gettysburg,  July,  18G3,  has  been  completed.  The  monu- 
ment was  dedicated,  with  appropriate  ceremonies,  on  Jidy  2,  1893,  the 
thirtieth  anniversary  of  the  battle., 

At  the  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  national  cemetery,  a  granite  monument, 
surmounted  by  a  statue  representing  a  soldier  at  "i>arade  rest," 
erected  in  the  cemetery  by  Geo.  H.  Thomas'  Post  No.  2,  G.  A.  E.,  was 
dedicated  with  appropriate  ceremonies  on  3Iemorial  Day,  May  30. 

The  sum  of  $5,030,15  was  expended  during  the  past  fiscal  year  in 
necessary  repairs  to  roadways  to  national  cemeteries  which  have  been 
constructed  by  special  authority  of  Congress. 

INACCESSIBILITY  OF  ARLINGTON    PARK    AND    NATIONAL   CEMETERY. 

Very  large  sums  have  been  appropriated  by  Congress  for  the  con- 
struction of  roads  to  cemeteries,  more  or  less  nniihportant,  in  various 
parts  of  the  conntry;  but  a  like  generous  care  has  not  been  bestowed 
upon  Arlington,  the  most  important  of  all.  The  Arlington  Heights 
grounds  contain  1,100  acres,  with  a  frontage  of  about  1  mile  on  the  Poto- 
mac. They  constitute  one  of  the  grandest  and  most  beautiful  parks  in 
the  country,  the  national  cemetery  occupying  about  one  fifth  of  the  in- 
closure.  In  addition  to  its  historical  associations,  the  park  abounds 
in  rare  natural  beauty,  and  has  been  most  carefully  kept  and  im- 
proved. Few  cities  have  so  fine  a  park  contiguous  to  their  borders. 
Arlington  Cemetery,  wliere  so  many  heroes  lie  buried,  has  in  a  large 
measure  become,  like  Great  Britain's  Westminster  Abbey,  the  nation's 
"Walhalla."  Consecrated  as  it  is  to  our  illustrious  dead,  with  its 
stately  and  expressive  monuments  commemorative  of  the  deeds  of 
patriots,  its  luillowed  associations  and  its  lessons  appeal  strongly  to 
all  visitors  to  the  na.tion's  capital.  But  the  journey  thither,  by  a 
roundabout  way,  over  roads  controlled  by  local  authorities,  which  arc 
rough  at  all  tiines,   and  frequently  well-nigh  impassable,  is  not  only 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF   WAR.  319' 

tedious  and  uncomfortable,  but  involves  an  expenditure  of  time  and 
money  which  deters  great  numbers  from  undertaking  it. 

A  bridge  over  the  Potomac  at  or  aljout  tlie  terminus  of  Xew  York 
avenue,  near  Observatory  Hill,  would  furnish  a  short  and  direct  route 
to  the  park  and  cemetery,  and  would  in  fact  bring  them  to  our  very 
doors.  But  the  park  and  cemetery  are  not  alone  to  be  considered.  As 
a  means  of  direct  and  rapid  communication  between  the  capital  and 
the  important  military  post  of  Fort  Myer,  which  adjoins  the  park  on 
the  north,  the  value,  in  a  military  sense,  of  a  bridge  at  tbis  point  can 
not  be  overestimated.  •  Such  a  bridge  would  also  liractically  join  this 
beautiful  park  to  the  large  area  of  reclaimed  lands  on  the  river,  all  of 
which  is  to  form  one  grand  park.  Plans  for  such  a  bridge  have  been 
prepared  by  the  Engineer  Department,  and  its  construction  is  urged 
as  a  necessity.  It  is  respectfully  recommended  that  Congress  be  re- 
quested to  make  an  appropriation  therefor. 

GETTYSBURG-  BATTLEFIELD. 

Under  the  acts  of  Congress  approved  March  3,  1887,  October  2,1888, 
and  March  2,  1889,  authorizing  and  directing  the  acquirement  of  land 
for  sites  for  monuments  or  tablets  to  mark  the  positions  occupied  by 
organizations  of  the  PtCgular  Army  on  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield,  a 
survey  of  the  field  has  been  made,  the  positions  of  the  various  com- 
mands designated  on  the  ground,  and  the  title  papers  for  the  purchase 
of  the  sites  are  now  nearly  perfected.  These  sites  are  generally  about 
25  feet  square,  with  an  approach  thereto  from  the  nearest  public  high- 
way. Contracts  have  been  made  for  furnishing  and  putting  in  place 
40  cast-iron  tablets  with  suitable  inscriptions,  and  25  iron  gun  carriages 
to  mark  these  positions.     This  work  is  now  in  x^rogress. 

ANTIBTAM  BATTLEFIELD. 

The  agents  appointed  by  the  honorable  Secretary  of  War  to  carry 
out  the  provisions  of  the  acts  of  Congress  approved  August  30,  1890, 
August  5,  1892,  and  March  3,  1893,  in  surveying,  locating,  and  pre- 
serving the  lines  of  battle  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  of  the  Army 
of  Northern  Virginia,  at  Antietam,  have  reported  to  this  oflice  that  the 
work  of  locating  the  lines  of  battle  of  the  armies  referred  to  has  pro- 
gressed favorably  during  the  past  fiscal  year,  and  that  a  series  of  three 
maps  marking  the  lines  of  battle  are  underway;  that  the  positions 
of  the  batteries  of  both  armies  have  been  generally  determined  upon 
and  a  map  thereof  is  being  j^repared.  The  agents  furtlier  report  that 
they  have  interviewed  a  number  of  farmers  owning  land  upon  which 
tablets  are  to  be  placed,  and  found  that  they  are  unwilling  to  sell  their 
land  directly,  preferring  that  the  same  be  condemned  and  appraised  by 
a  commission  appointed  by  a  United  States  court. 

HALL  OF  RECORDS. 

For  many  years  several  of  the  heads  of  Departments  have  made 
earnest  recommendations  to  Congress  to  provide  for  the  erection  of  a 
suitable  fireproof  building  in  this  city,  wherein  could  be  filed  the  greater 
portion  of  the  vast  accumulation  of  voucliers  and  other  valuable  papers. 
These  files,  aggregating  an  enormous  mass  of  papers,  encumber  the 
Department  buildings,  occupying  valuable  space  costing  millions  of  dol- 
lars which  ought  to  be  available  for  office  purposes,  and  besides,  in  sev- 


320  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

eral  of  tlie  buildings  -wliere  stored,  their  great  weight  is  a  constant 
menace  to  the  safety  of  the  structures  and  to  the  lives  of  the  employes. 

In  1880,  Maj.  Gen.  Meigs,  then  Quartermaster-General,  urgently  pre- 
sented the  necessity  for  such  a  building,  and  submitted  a  complete  plan 
for  a  suitable  structure  to  cost  $200,000.  The  ])lan  is  on  file  in  this 
Department. 

The  crowded  condition  of  the  Executive  Departments,  especially  of 
the  AVar  Dej^artment,  where  a  large  number  of  costly  rooms  are  packed 
with  vouchers  and  other  valuable  papers  from  floor  to  ceiling,  and  the 
constant  increase  in  rented  premises  necessary  to  accommodate  the 
business  of  the  Government,  would  seem  to  i^oiut  to  the  present  as  a 
suitable  time  for  the  consideration  of  this  important  matter. 

RECORDS. 

The  "card  system"  of  keeping  the  records  of  the  ofBce  has  continued 
satisfactorily  during  the  ])ast  fiscal  year,  and  the  current  work  has  been 
transacted  with  promptness. 


Very  respectfully, 


Hon.  Daniel  S.  Lamont, 
Secretary  of  ^Yar. 
*  *  * 


E.  K  Batchelder, 
Quartermaster- General,  U.  S.  Army. 


C. 


Quartermaster-General's  Office, 

Washington,  B.  C,  July  19,  1893. 

General:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report,  pertain- 
ing to  the  national  military  cemeteries,  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1893: 

At  the  commencement  of  the  year  there  were  eighty-two  national 
cemeteries.  On  September  10, 1802,  the  military  cemetery  at  Santa  Fe, 
N.  Mex.,  embracing  the  site  of  the  present  post  cemetery  at  Fort  Marcy, 
N.  Mex.,  was  declared  by  the  Secretary  of  War  a  national  cemetery 
of  tlie  fcmrth  class,  under  the  act  ot  February  22,  1867,  and  designated 
as  the  Santa  Fe,  N.  Mex.,  National  Cemetery,  making  the  number  at 
the  close  of  the  year  eighty-three. 

luterraents  to  June  30,  1893 : 

Known 181,842 

Unknown 149,913 

Total 331,755 

At  the  commencement  of  the  year  there  were  seventy-three  superin- 
tendents in  service.  During  the  year  four  others  have  been  appointed, 
two  have  been  discharged,  and  two  died,  leaving  seventy-three  in  serv- 
ice at  the  close  of  the  year. 

Eemovals  of  remains  of  officers  and  enlisted  men  haVe  been  made 
from  abandoned  posts  to  other  posts  or  national  cemeteries,  as  follows, 
viz:  From  Fort  Klamath,  Oregon,  Fort  Colville,  Wash.,  Lava  Beds, 
Cal.,  Tubac  and  Old  Camp  Grant,  Ariz.,  to  the  San  Francisco  (Cal.) 
National  Cemetery.  From  Fort  Downer,  Kans.,  and  Fort  Randall,  S. 
Dak.,  to  the  Fort  Leavenworth  (Kans.)  National  Cemetery.  From  the 
Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga  National  Park  to  the  Chattanooga, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  321 

(Tenn.)  National  Cemetery.  From  the  Columbia  Arsenal,  Teun.,  to 
the  Kashville  (Tenu.)  National  Cemetery.  From  Kenesaw  JMountain, 
Georgia,  to  tlie  Marietta  (Ga.)  National  Cemetery.  From  Morris  Is- 
land, South  Carolina,  to  the  Beaufort  (S.  C.)  National  Cemetery.  From 
the  Cheyenne  depot,  Wyoming,  to  the  post  cemetery  at  Fort  D.  A. 
Eussell,  Wyo.;  and  from  the  military  reservation  at  Fort  Thomas,  Ky., 
to  the  Soldiers'  Lot,  in  the  Evergreen  Cemetery,  Newport,  Ky.  Eemains 
of  other  United  States  soldiers,  discovered  from  time  to  time  in  out  of 
the  way  places,  have  also  been  removed  to  the  nearest  national  cem- 
etery. 

Headstones. — During  the  year  0,1G8  white  marble  headstones  to  mark 
the  graves  of  Union  soldiers,  sailors,  and  marines  buried  in  national, 
post,  city,  and  village  cemeteries  were  provided  from  the  appropriations 
for  that  purpose.  This  completed  the  contract  for  15,000  headstones 
made  September  5,  1891,  with  Messrs.  Gross  Bros»,  Lee,  Mass.,  and  on 
June  27,  1893,  another  contract  for  10,000  headstones  was  awarded  to 
the  same  persons. 

Outbuildings. — During  the  latter  part  of  the  year  contracts  were  made 
for  the  erection  of  new  brick  outbuildings  to  be  constructed  in  accord- 
ance with  plans  and  specifications  prepared  in  this  office,  to  replace  the 
old  wooden  structures  in  the  national  cemeteries  at  Fort  Leavenworth 
(Kans.)  Soldiers'  Home,  District  of  Columbia  and  Culpeper,  and  York- 
town,  Va.,  and  for  a  stone  outbuilding  of  similar  design  in  the  Grafton 
(W.  Va.)  National  Cemetery. 

A  contract  was  also  made  for  the  construction  of  a  receiving  vault  in 
the  Arlington  (Va.)  National  Cemetery. 

Bostrums. — A  contract  was  made  for  supplying  the  iron  work  required 
for  the  superstructures  of  permanent  rostrums  to  be  erected  in  the 
Annapolis  (Md.),  Yorktown  ( Va.),  Fort  Donelson  (Tenn.),  and  Fayette- 
ville  (Ark.)  national  cemeteries.  The  work  of  constructing  the  founda- 
tions for  and  erecting  the  superstructures  to  be  commenced  at  an  early 
date  after  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year. 

Flagstaffs. — During  the  year  iron  flagstaflfs  (Nelson  patent),  75  feet 
in  length^  have  been  erected  in  the  Alexandria,  Culpeper,  and  Danville 
(Va.),  and  Grafton  (W.  Va.)  national  cemeteries,  and  one  100  feet  in 
length  in  the  Natchez  (Miss.)  National  Cemetery. 

Wooden  flagstafts  have  been  erected  in  the  Fort  Scott  (Kans.), 
Lebanon  (Ky.),  Little  Ifock  (Ark.),  and  New  Albany  (Ind.)  national 
cemeteries  and  in  the  soldiers'  lot  in  the  city  cemetery  at  Baxter  Springs, 
Kans.,  and  a  contract  made  for  the  erection  of  one  in  the  Danville  (Ky.) 
National  Cemetery  at  an  early  date. 

Memorial  day,  May  30. — Appropriate  services  were  held  in  nearly  all 
the  national  cemeteries,  and  the  graves  decorated  as  usual. 

At  the  Alexandria  (Va.)  National  Cemetery  necessary  repairs  have 
been  made  to  the  lodge,  outbuildings,  water  supply,  and  drainage;  a 
part  of  the  inclosing  wall  at  the  entrance  of  the  cemetery  reconstructed 
and  i^rovided  with  a  pair  of  ornamental  wrought-iron  drive  and  walk 
gates  and  the  approach  to  the  cemetery  put  in  good  condition. 

At  the  Arlington  (Va.)  National  Cemetery  repairs  have  been  made 
to  the  mansion  and  outbuildings,  and  the  grounds,  drives,  drainage, 
and  water  supply  kept  in  good  order.  Additional  drainage  and  catch 
basins  have  been  lorovided  for  the  roadway  in  the  new  addition,  and  a 
granolithic  foot  walk  laid  from  the  western  entrance,  to  connect  with 
the  pavement  heretofoie  constructed  around  the  mansion. 

At  the  Brownsville  (Tex.)  National  Cemetery  necessary  repairs  have 
Ab.  93 21 


322  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

been  made  to  the  lodge,  and  the  posts  of  the  fence  inclosing  the  cem- 
etery renewed. 

At  the  Cave  Hill  (Ky.)  National  Cemetery  the  ontbnilding  has  been 
repaired.  Arrangements  have  been  made  with  the  Cave  Hill  Cem- 
etery Company,  of  Lonisville,  Ky.,  for  the  transfer  to  the  United  States 
of  a  piece  of  land  containing  15,934  square  feet,  more  or  less,  situated 
between  sections  B  and  C  of  the  national  cemetery  grounds,  and  in 
which  upwards  of  200  bodies  of  Union  soldiers  were  buried  in  1868, 
when  removed  from  the  battlefields  in  the  vicinity. 

At  the  Chalmette  (La.)  National  Cemetery  the  necessary  repairs 
have  been  made  to  the  lodge,  outbuildings,  etc. 

Tlie  approach  to  tlie  cemeterj^  has  been  practically  demolished  for 
the  distance  of  1,875  feet  to  make  room  for  a  new  levee  which  was  con- 
structed during  the  past  winter  by  the  Engineer  Department,  U.  S. 
Army.     It  is  tmderstood  that  the  work  is  to  be  continued  next  season. 

At  the  City  Point  (Va.)  National  Cemetery  the  lodge  has  been  thor- 
ougiily  repaired,  and  the  grounds,  water  sui^ply,  and  drainage  put  in 
order. 

At  the  Custer  Battlefield  (Montana)  National  Cemetery  the  post  and 
wire  fence  inclosing  the  cemetery  reservation  has  been  put  in  thox'ough 
re])air,  and  one  large  gate  with  arch  and  one  small  one  (turnstile)  con- 
structed. 

Four  hundred  and  seventy-five  headstones  have  been  reset  in  brick 
and  cement,  and  the  monument  erected  in  memory  of  Gen.  Custer  and 
the  officers  and  men  who  fell  with  him  June  25, 1876,  has  been  repaired. 

In  consequence  of  the  unprotected  condition  of  the  cemetery,  visitors 
and  relic  hunters  have  almost  entirely  destroyed  the  marble  headstone 
marking  the  place  wliere  Gen.  Custer  fell. 

It  is  contemplated  to  permanently  inclose  with  a  brick  or  stone  wall 
and  improve  a  part  of  the  reservation  for  cemeterial  purposes,  and  to 
erect  a  sujierintendent's  lodge,  the  plans  and  specifications  for  which 
have  been  prepared  and  the  necessary  appropriation  requested. 

Since  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  a  superintendent  has  been  placed  in 
charge  of  this  cemetery. 

At  the  Danville  (Va.)  National  Cemetery  about  50  feet  of  the  inclos- 
ing wall  has  been  taken  down  and  rebuilt. 

By  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  in  compliance  with  the 
request  of  the  authorities  of  that  city,  a  strip  of  land  36  feet  wide, 
belonging  to  the  United  States,  outside  the  inclosing  wall  on  the  east 
side  of  the  nation.al  cemetery,  was  left  open  as  an  entrance  to  the  colored 
ceinctery  adjoining  the  national  cemetery  on  the  south  side,  said  authori- 
ties having  agreed  to  grade  the  ground  as  a  street  and  keep  the  same  in 
good  condition. 

At  the  Fayctteville  (Ark.)  National  Cemetery  necessary  repairs 
were  made  to  the  lodge,  outbuildings,  and  water  supply,  and  a  part  of 
the  inclosing  wall  repointed.  The  approach  to  the  cemetery  has  been 
repaired,  the  ditches  cleaned  out,  and  17  linear  yards  of  new  stone  cul- 
vert constructed. 

At  the  Gettysburg  (Pa.)  National  Cemetery  the  monument  erected 
by  the  State  of  New  York  in  memory  of  the  dead  of  that  State  who 
fell  in  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  July,  1863,  has  been  completed.  The 
monument  was  dedicated  with  ai)proi)riate  ceremonies  on  July  2,  1893, 
the  thirtieth  anniversary  of  the  battle.  Fully  10,000  persons  were 
present.  Appropriate  addresses  were  made  by  the  governors  of  the 
States  of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  and  by  other  distinguished 
persons. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  323 

At  the  Hampton  (Va.)  National  Cemetery  the  erection  of  the  inclos- 
ing wall  of  the  addition  to  the  cemetery,  commenced  during  the  last 
fiscal  year,  has  been  completed. 

At  t:;e  Keokuk  (Iowa)  ]S'ational  Cemetery  necessary  repairs  were 
made  to  the  lodge,  outbuildings,  etc.,  and  the  wrought  iron  picket  fence 
(about  1,500  feet)  repainted. 

At  the  Memphis  (Tenn.)  National  Cemetery  the  lodge  has  been  thor- 
oughly repaired  and  painted,  all  obstructions  removed  from  the  drain- 
pipes, and  the  pipes  relaid  in  cement;  5  silt  basins  were  entirely  rebuilt 
and  the  remainder  repaired. 

At  the  Mexico  City  National  Cemetery  the  lodge  and  inclosing  wall 
have  been  repaired.  In  consequence  of  the  limited  space  remaining 
for  interments  in  that  cemetery,  it  has  been  deemed  advisable  to  restrict 
the  interments  to  tliose  positively  known  to  be  American  citizens. 

At  the  Mill  Springs  (Ky.)  National  Cemetery  repairs  were  made  to 
the  lodge,  a  new  picket  fence  erected,  and  the  water  supply  improved 
by  sinking  a  well. 

At  the  Philadelphia  (Pa.)  National  Cemetery  the  lodge  and  out- 
buiklings  were  repaired,  the  inclosing  wall  repointed  where  necessary, 
and  the  windmill  connected  wiih  the  water  supply  repaired. 

At  the  Richmond  (Va.)  National  Cemetery  a  new  brick  outbuilding 
has  been  erected,  and  the  necessary  repairs  made  to  the  lodge,  inclos- 
ing wall,  and  drainage. 

At  the  Rock  Island  (111.)  National  Cemetery  the  inclosing  fence 
(iron)  and  the  speaker's  stand  have  been  thoroughly  repaired  and 
painted,  and  tlie  grounds  cleaned  up  and  put  in  gm)d  order. 

At  the  San  Francisco  (Cal.)  National  Cemetery  the  grounds  and  walks 
have  been  i)rox)erly  cared  for  and  are  in  good  condition.  The  water 
snjiply  is  sufficient  for  iiresent  needs. 

A  gTanite  monument,  surmounted  by  a  statue  representing  a  soldier 
at  "  parade  rest,"  erected  in  the  cemetery  by  George  H.  Thomas  Post 
No.  2,  G.  A.  R.,  was  dedicated  with  appropriate  ceremonies  on  Memo- 
rial day,  May  30. 

At  the  Stone  River  (Tenn.)  National  Cemetery  the  lodge,  outbuild- 
iDgs,  inclosing  wall,  drainage,  and  grounds  have  been  put  in  good 
order.  The  Hazen  Brigade  lot  has  been  cleaned  up  and  the  grass 
neatly  cut  on  the  graves. 

At  the  Woodlawn  (N.  Y.)  National  Cemetery  241  linear  feet  of  stone 
flagging,  5  feet  wide,  was  laid  on  the  Davis  street  front,  aud  the  drain- 
age improved  by  removing  stones  from  the  bed  of  the  creek  which 
forms  the  southern  boundary  of  the  cemetery. 

At  other  national  cemeteries  repairs  have  been  made  to  the  lodges 
outbuildings,  and  the  grounds  properly  cared  for. 

Soldiers^  lots. — The  inclosing  fence  of  the  soldiers'  lot  in  the  Baxter 
Springs  (Kansas)  city  cemeterj^  has  been  repainted  and  a  new  wooden 
flagstaff  erected. 

Indigent  soldiers. — Under  the  acts  of  Congress — deficiency,  approved 
July  28,  1892,  and  sundry  civil,  ap])roved  August  5,  1892 — making 
approi)riations  "for  expenses  of  burying  in  Arlington  National  Ceme- 
tery, or  in  the  cemeteries  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  indigent  ex-Union 
soldiers,  sailors,  and  marines  of  the  late  civil  war  who  die  in  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,"  accounts  have  been  paid  dnring  the  fiscal  year  for 
the  burial  of  43  such  persons  at  a  total  cost  of  $1,872.50. 

Boadivays. — The  roadway  from  the  Mound  City  National  Cemetery  to 
Mounds  Junction,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  in  Pulaski  County, 
111.,  a  distance  of  14,469  feet,  for  the  construction  of  which  an  appro- 


324  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

priation  of  $10,000  was  made  by  act  (sundry  civil)  approved  March  3, 
1891,  is  not  yet  completed.  The  work  has  been  delayed  by  floods  and 
high  water,  bat  is  now  nearly  finished. 

Auioimt  expended  to  June  30,  1893,  $1,139.92. 

The  work  of  draining  and  repairing  the  road  to  the  Hampton  (Va.) 
National  Cemetery,  under  act  (sundry  civil)  approved  March  2,  1889, 
and  August  30,  1890,  is  still  awaiting  the  action  of  the  legislature  of 
Virginia  relative  to  grant  of  right  of  way. 

Under  the  act  (sundry  civil)  api^roved  August  5,  1892,  making  an 
appropriation  for  repairs  to  roadways  to  national  cemeteries  which 
have  been   constructed  by  special   authority  of  Congress,  necessary 
repairs  liave  been  made  to  the  roadways  leading  to  the  Alexandria,  Ya. 
Autietam,  Md. ;    Corinth,  Miss.;   Culpeper,  Va. ;    Fayetteville,   Ark. 
Florence,  S.  C;  Fredericksburg,  Va. ;  Marietta,  Ga.;  Mound  City,  111. 
Newbern,  N. C;  Port  Hudson,  La.;  Eichmond,  Va.;  Springfield,  Mo. 
Staunton,  Va.,  and  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  national  cemeteries. 

Amount  expended  during  the  year,  $5,030.45. 

Monuments  or  tablets  at  Gettysburg. — Under  the  acts  of  March  3, 
1887,  October  2,  1888,  and  March  2, 1889,  authorizing  and  directing  the 
acquirement  of  lands  for  sites  for  monuments  or  tablets  to  mark  the 
positions  occupied  by  organizations  of  the  regular  Army  on  the  Get- 
tysburg battle  field,  a  survey  of  the  field  has  been  made,  the  positions 
of  the  various  commands  designated  on  the  ground,  and  the  title 
papers  for  the  purchase  of  the  sites  are  now  nearly  perfected.  These 
sites  are  generally  about  25  feet  square,  with  an  approach  thereto  from 
the  nearest  public  highway. 

Under  date  of  April  17,  1893,  a  contract  was  made  for  furnishing 
and  putting  in  place  40  cast-iron  tablets,  with  suitable  inscriptions, 
and  25  iron  gun  carriages  to  mark  these  positions.  This  work  is  now 
in  progress. 

Antietani  Board. — The  agents  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War 
to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  the  acts  of  Congress  (sundry  civil)  ap- 
proved August  30, 1890,  and  August  5,  1892,  and  March  3,  1893,  mak- 
ing approi)riations  "  for  the  purposes  of  surveying,  locating,  and  pre- 
serving the  lines  of  battle  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  of  the  Army 
of  Northern  Virginia  at  Autietam,  etc.,"  have  reported  to  this  office 
that  the  work  of  locating  the  lines  of  battle  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
and  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  at  Autietam  has  progressed 
favorably.  The  lines  of  battle  of  both  armies  have  been  marked  on 
first  map,  and  a  second  map  of  a  series  of  three  maps  is  under  way. 

The  positions  of  the  batteries  of  both  armies  have  been  generally 
determined  upon,  and  a  map  of  the  same  is  now  being  made. 

The  agents  further  report  that  they  have  interviewed  a  number  of  the 
farmers  owning  land  upon  which  such  tablets  are  to  be  placed,  and 
found  that  the  parties  are  unwilling  to  sell  directly,  preferring  that 
their  land  be  condemned  and  appraised  by  a  commission  appointed  by 
a  United  States  court. 

The  agents  invite  attention  to  the  fact  that  thousands  of  persons  visit 
the  Autietam  battle  field  annualiy.  They  state  that  on  some  of  these 
fields,  notably  those  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Dunkard  Church,  East 
Woods,  and  the  Bloody  Lane,  a  large  number  of  tablets  will  be  located; 
and  they  think  in  justice  to  the  farmers  owning  these,  fields  roadways 
should  be  constructed  to  enable  visiters  to  inspect  these  tablets  with- 
out trespassing  ujion  and  injuring  growing  croi^s,  etc.    . 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  325 

A  statement  sliowmg  the  exiieiiditures  on  account  of  tlie  national 
cemeteries  during  tlie  year  is  submitted  lierewitli. 
Very  respectfully, 

M.   I.   LUDINGTON, 

Deputy  Quartermaster -General^  U.  S.  Army. 
The  Quartermaster-General,  U.  S.  Army, 

Washington,  U.  C. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  SUEGEOX-GENEEAL. 

War  Department,  Surgeon-General's  Office, 

Washington,  D.  €.,  September  4,  1893. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  a  statement  of  disburse- 
ments made  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893,  from  the 
appropriation  made  by  act  of  Congress  approved  July  16,  1892,  for  the 
expenses  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Army,  and  tbe  balance  on 
hand  at  the  close  of  said  fiscal  year,  viz : 

Medical  and  Hospital  Department,  1893 : 

Appropriated  by  act  approved  Jul}-  16,  1892 $170,  000.  00 

Refunded  during  the  year 219. 17 

Total  to  be  accounted  for 170,  219. 17 

Disbursed  during  tbe  year : 

Medical  and  hospital  supplies $56,  424.  89 

Pay  of  employes 42,  072. 39 

Expenses  of  medical  supply  depots 158.  42 

Medical  attendance  and  medicines 3, 180.  02 

Washing  at  post  hospitals 1,  949.  64 

Miscellaneous  expenses 753. 44 

104,538.80 

Balance  on  hand  June  30, 1893 65,  680.  37 

The  whole  of  this  balance  remaining  on  hand  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal 
year  has  already  been  or  will  be  expended  in  payment  for  supplies  con- 
tracted for,  and  for  other  obligations  incurred  prior  to  July  1,  1893. 

There  were  furnished  to  disabled  soldiers,  seamen  and  marines  dur- 
ing the  year  ending  June  30,  1893: 

Trusses 1,  494 

Special  appliances 230 

Artificial  legs  furnished  in  kind 15 

Artificial  arm  furnished  in  kind 1 

Artificial  hand  furnished  in  kind 1 

Apjiaratus  for  arm  furnished  in  kind : 1 

Limbs  t.,nd  apparatus  commuted 2,  688 

ARMY  MEDICAL  IVIUSEUM. 

The  total  number  of  specimens  received  during  the  fiscal  year  was 
1,038;  total  number  of  ST)ecimeus  in  the  Museum  June  30,  1893,  32,205. 

RECAPITULATION. 

Total  number  of  specimens  in  Museum  June  30,  1892 31,  228 

Exchanged  during  tbe  year 1 

31,  227 
Total  number  received  during  the  year 1,  038 

Total  number  in  Museum  June  30,  1893 32,  265 


326  PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING   THE 

The  following?  are  some  of  the  more  interesting  specimens  added  to 
the  Museum  collection  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1893: 

(1)  A  series  of  embryos,  liumiin  and  comparative,  normal  and  monstrous.     Presented 

by  l)r.  F.  H.  Day,  Wauwatosa,  Wis. 

(2)  Monstrous  human  fretus,  a  peroraelns,  with  several  accessory  spleens,  several 

cysts  in  the  mesentery  and  the  kidneys  hypertropbied  nearly  to  adult  size. 
Presented  by  Dr.  T.  A.  R.  Keccb,  Washington,  D.  C. 

(3)  An  extra-utcrino  fetation  at  two  months.     Death  from  rupture  and  hemorrhage. 

Presented  by  Dr.  T.  C.  Smith,  Washington,  D.  C. 
(i)  An  extra-uterine  foetation  at  about  fourteen  days.     Death  from  rupture  and 
hemorrhage.     Presented  by  Dr.  D.  S.  Lamb,  Washington,  D.  C. 

(5)  Extra-uterine  foetation  at  five  months,   removed  by  laparotomy.     Recovery. 

Presented  by  Dr.  I.  S.  Stone,  Washington,  D.  C. 

(6)  Extra-uterine  foetation  at  term,  removed  by  laparotomy.     Recovery.     Presented 

by  Dr.  J.  Tabor  Johnsom,  Washington,  D.  C. 

(7)  A  series  of  parasites  of  the  horse,  pig,  ox,  and  sheep.     Received  in  exchange 

from  Dr.  C.  W.  Stiles,  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  U.  S.  Department  of 
Agriculture. 

(8)  Sternum,  showing  eight  cartilages  on  left  side.     From  a  white  woman,  aged  30, 

who  was  left-handed.     Presented  by  Dr.  D.  S.  Lamb,  of  Washington,  D.  C. 

(9)  Heart  showing  punctured  wound,  followed  by  abscess  of  interventricular  sep- 

tum which  ruptured  into  the  left  ventricle.  Presented  by  Assistant  Surgeon 
A.  B.  Heyl,  U.  S.  Army. 

(10)  Specimen  of  chronic  pericarditis  "with  chalky  plates.     Presented  by  Lieut.  Col. 

W.  H.  Forwood,  Deputy  Surgeon-General,  U.  S.  Army. 

(11)  Portions  of  brain  from  a  case  of  an  abscess  of  brain  following  a  fall.     On  the 

supervention  of  convulsions  with  paralysis  trephining  was  performed  and 
the  abscess  emptied.  The  patient  recovered  (Medical  News,  Philadelphia, 
1887,  Vol.  LI,  p.  675).     Presented  by  Dr.  L.  D.  Wilson,  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

(12)  Three  specimens  showing  cancer  of  brain  and  dura  mater.     Presented  by  Dr. 

W.  P.  Carr,  Washington,  D.  C. 

(13)  Specimen  showing  congenital  absence  of  vermiform  appendix.     From  a  soldier. 

Presented  l)y  Lieut.  Col.  W.  H.  Forwood,  Deputy  Surgeon-General,  U.  S.  Army. 

(14)  Liver  showing  congenital  syphilitic  cirrhosis.     From  a  white  boy,  aged  16 

years.     Presented  by  Dr.  C.  G.  Stone,  Washington,  D.  C. 

(15)  Specimen  of  primary  cancer  of  the  gall-bladder.     From  a  mulatto,  agedoS  years. 

.  Presented  by  Dr.  Thomas  Martin,  Washington,  D.  C. 

(16)  Specimen  showing  congenital  absence  of  ovaries.     From  a  mulatto   woman, 

aged  about  50  years;  married,  but  without  children.  Presented  by  Dr.  D. 
S.  Lamb,  Washington,  D.  C. 

(17)  A  series  of  thirteen  models  showing  various  diseases  of  the  skin  and  subcuta- 

neous tissue.     Made  by  J.  Baretta,  Paris,  France.     Purchased. 

(18)  Papier-mach6  model,  six  times  enlarged,  of  the  bones  of  the  base  of  the  skull 

and  the  face.     Made  by  J.  H.  Emerton,  Boston.     Purchased. 

(19)  Model  of  the  eye,  orbit,  and  adjacent  parts.     Made  by  Dr.  August  Miiller,  Ber- 

lin.    Purchased. 

(20)  A  series  of  skeletons  and  crania  of  natives  of  New  Britain  and  the  Samoan 

Islands.     Purchased. 

(21)  Transport  or  jiack  saddle  used  by  the  medical  dejiartmeut  of  the  British  army 

in  India.  Presented  by  Dr.  Robert  Harvey,  i^rincipal  medical  otiicer,  Pun- 
jab fi'ontier  force,  Peshawar,  India. 

The  Museum  is  represented  at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  at 
Chicago  by  a  display  of  specimens,  including  models  of  hospitals,  of  a 
railway  train  for  transportation  of  wounded,  and  of  hospital  steamers; 
also  a  series  of  pathological  specimens  illustrating  tuberculosis  and 
tumors,  a  series  of  ninety  sections  of  human  embryos,  a  series  of  three 
hundred  and  forty-six  photomicrographs,  and  a  series  of  microscopes, 
illustrating  the  history  of  the  instrument,  with  other  apparatus. 

The  Army  Medical  Museum  has  been  visited  during  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1893,  by  85,000  persons. 


EEPOET    OF    THE    SECRETAKY    OF    WAR. 


327 


HEALTH  OF  THE  ARMY. 

During  tlie  past  year  tlie  liealtli  of  the  Army  lias  been  excellent.  Per- 
haps at  no  time  heretofore  has  the  Surgeon-General  been  able  to  invite 
attention  to  a  better  record  of  health  and  consequent  efficiency,  and 
this  although  some  of  the  rates  have  been  materially  increased  by  an 
undue  proportion  of  sickness  among  the  Indian  companies. 

The  admission  rate  per  thousand  of  strength  was  1270.42,  as  comi^ared 
with  13G4.78  during  the  previous  year  and  1459.G5  during  the  preceding- 
decade.  The  lowest  recorded  admission  rate,  1247  in  1887,  is  practi- 
cally the  same  as  that  now  reported.  The  number  and  duration  of  the 
casCvS  were  equivalent  to  a  noneffective  rate  of  39.00,  as  com]oared  with 
42.01  during  the  previous  year  and  43.41  during  the  preceding  decade. 
The  nonefficiency  may  be  expressed  also  by  the  statement  that  each 
officer  and  man  of  the  Army  was,  on  an  average,  sick  for  14.5  days  during 
the  year,  as  compared  with  15.3  and  15.9  days,  respectively,  during  the 
previous  year  and  each  of  the  years  of  the  previous  decade.  The  num- 
ber of  men  discharged  for  disability  was  18.35  per  thousand  of  strength, 
as  against  17.23  (the  lowest  annual  rate  to  which  these  discharges  have 
been  brought)  in  the  previous  year  and  30.70  the  average  of  the  ten 
years  preceding.  The  death  rate  from  all  causes  was  6.44,  comparing 
favorably  with  8.05  and  8.75,  respectively,  for  the  previous  periods 
already  mentioned,  as  well  as  with  G.33  for  the  year  1889,  the  lowest 
annual  death  rate  hitherto  reported.  Excluding  deaths  from  injury 
the  deaths  from  disease  were  equivalent  to  a  rate  of  4.36  per  thousand 
of  strength,  as  against  5.03  and  5.81,  respectively,  for  the  previous  year 
and  decade  and  against  3.95  for  the  year  1889. 

In  comparing  our  rates  with  those  of  foreign  armies  the  admission 
rate  is  the  only  one  which  attracts  attention  by  its  magnitude;  but  this 
high  rate  does  not  indicate  a  greater  prevalence  of  sickness  among  our 
men.  It  means  simply  that  we  take  on  sick  report  as  a  record  of  facts 
the  cases  of  men  who  were  excused  from  any  part  of  their  military  duty 
on  account  of  sickness  or  injury.  The  ailment  may  be  so  trivial — a  few 
herpetic  spots,  for  instance,  on  the  lips  of  a  bugler — that  it  would  not 
be  entered  among  the  diseases  affecting  the  command  by  medical  offi- 
cers of  European  services;  but  with  us  if  the  bugler  is  excused  from 
sounding  the  calls  on  this  account  his  case  becomes  a  matter  of  record. 
It  will  be  seen  from  a  comparison  of  the  other  rates  that  notwithstand- 
ing the  many  trivial  cases  that  form  part  of  our  record  our  nonefflcient 
rate  (39.60)  compares  favorably  with  that  of  the  army  of  Austria-Hun- 
gary (43.58)  and  of  the  home  service  troops  of  Great  Britain  (44.29). 
The  following  tabulation  gives  a  comparison  of  our  rates  with  those  of 
some  of  the  armies  of  Europe,  as  obtained  from  their  last  published 
statistics : 


Mean 
strength. 

Katio  per  1,000  of  mean  strength. 

Sick 

Army. 

Admis- 
sion. 

Deaths. 

Dis- 

Constant- 
ly non- 
eflective. 

time  lor 
each 

Disease. 

Injury. 

Total. 

charges. 

soldier. 

Iliiltecl  States  1892 

24, 203 

23,  269 

23,  945 

101,770 

284,  743 

220,  714 

418, 913 

1,  270. 42 

1,  364.  78 

1, 459. 65 

810.  61 

890. 75 

810.  57 

897. 20 

■    4.36 
5.03 
5.81 
4.74 
3.94 
8.06 

2.32 

2.08 
3.02 
2.93 

.79 
1.53 

.90 

1.00 

6.  44         18. 35 

8  05         17  9a 

39.60 
42.  01 
43.32 
44.  29 
43.58 
35.86 

31.36 

14  5 

United  States  1891 

15.3 

United  States,  ]88l-'90 

Great  Britain  (home),  1890. 

Austria-Hungary,  1891 

Italy.lSOl -    ... 

Prussia,  Saxony,  Wiirtem- 
berg,  1889-'90 

8.75 
5.53 
5.47 
8.96 

3.32 

30.70 
16.72 
61.87 
14.27 

17.43 

15.9 
16.2 
14.8 
13.1 

11.5 

328  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

The  above  statement  of  the  English  and  German  armies  is  exclusive 
of  officers. 

The  Italian  troops  stationed  in  Africa  had  a  mean  strength  of  2,603 
men,  with  an  admission  rate  of  1,175  and  a  death  rate  of  13.4,  .and  are 
not  inchided  in  the  above  table;  9,G45  men  of  the  Italian  army  ay  ere 
granted  sick  leaves  for  i^eriods  varying  from  three  months  to  one  j^ear. 

The  high  discharge  rate  of  the  Austrian  army  was  explained  in  the 
report  of  the  Surgeon-General  for  1891,  page  94. 

In  tlie  German  army  G,845  additional  discharges  (1G.34  per  1,000  of 
mean  strength)  were  made  of  recruits  for  disabilities  contracted  prior 
to  conscription. 

Injuries  stand  first  in  order  of  importance  as  causative  of  admissions 
to  sick  report  in  our  Army,  252.74  of  the  total  of  1270.42  per  thousand 
of  strength  having  been  occasioned  by  violence.  Diseases  of  the  digest- 
ive system  take  second  place  with  173.74  cases  per  thousand  of  strength. 
The  third  x^lace  is  taken  by  diseases  of  the  respiratory  organs  (124.45), 
mostly  cases  of  catarrh  and  bronchitis;  the  fourth  i)lace  by  diarrheal 
diseases  (110.85),  and  the  fifth  by  specific  febrile  diseases  (98.50),  which 
owe  their  prominence  in  this  as  in  other  armies  at  the  present  time  to 
the  continued,  although  lessening,  prevalence  of  influenza.  Following 
these  come  sixth,  diseases  of  the  integumentary  system,  mostly  boils 
and  abscesses  (79.99) ;  seventh,  venereal  diseases  (70.73) ;  eighth,  rheuma- 
tism, articular  and  muscular  (71.52),  and  ninth,  malarial  diseases  (63.75). 
In  the  foreign  armies  tabulated  above  the  five  principal  causes  of  admis- 
sion were  in  each  as  follows:  Austro-Hungary :  First,  integumentary; 
second, digestive;  third, respiratory;  fourth, injuries;  and, fifth, venereal. 
Great  Britain :  First,  venereal ;  sec(md,  digestive ;  third,  injuries ;  fourth, 
specific  febrile;  and,  fifth,  respiratory.  Italy:  First,  venereal;  second, 
respiratory;  third,  digestive;  fourth,  specific  febrile;  and,  fifth,  integu- 
mentary. Germany:  First,  integumentary;  second,  injuries;  third, 
digestive;  fourth,  specific  febrile;  and,  fifth,  respiratory.  The  gratifying 
point  in  these  comparisons  is  the  low  grade  of  precedence  taken  in  our 
service  by  venereal  and  integumentary  diseases. 

As  causative  of  nonefficiency,  injuries  take  first  place  in  the  records 
of  the  past  year,  having  occasioned  8.12  of  the  total  of  39.60  constantly 
on  the  sick  report  per  thousand  of  strength.  Venereal  diseases  take 
second  rank  as  a  disabling  cause,  5.33  men  per  thousand  of  strength 
having  been  constantly  under  treatment  on  their  account.  Specific 
febrile  diseases,  resjiiratory  and  digestive  diseases,  and  rheumatism 
(including  muscular)  had  each  a  noneffective  rate  of  3.3. 

The  absolute  number  of  discharges  for  disability,  which  gave  the  rate 
of  18.35  i)er  thousand  of  strength,  was  493,  of  which  67  were  for  rheuma- 
tism and  diseases  of  the  bones  and  joints,  58  for  injuries,  53  for  con- 
sumption, 53  for  venereal  diseases,  44  for  epilepsy  and  insanity,  44  for 
diseases  of  the  heart  and  circulation,  27  for  diseases  of  the  eye,  14  of 
the  ear,  and  21  for  hernia. 

The  absolute  number  of  deaths  was  173,  of  which  56  were  caused  by 
violence,  20  by  consumption,  17  by  imeumonia,  15  by  diseases  of  the 
nervous  system,  13  by  typlioid  fever,  13  by  diseases  of  the  heart,  8  by 
diseases  of  the  kidney,  6  by  influenza,  and  3  by  alcoholic  poisoning. 

The  average  strength  of  the  Army,  as  shown  by  the  returns  of  the 
Medical  Department,  was :  White  troops,  21,437 ;  colored,  2,036 ;  Indians, 
730;  a  total  of  24,203  men.  There  was  little  difference  in  the  rates  of 
admission  for  all  diseases  and  injuries  among  these  three  classes  of 
men,  or  in  their  noneffective  rates.  The  former  were:  White,  1,273.45; 
colored,  1,257.86;  Indian,  1,216.44;  the  latter  39.69,  38.55,  and  39.97, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  329 

respectively.  Altbongli  these  general  rates  varied  but  little,  the  ad- 
mission rates  for  certain  diseases  differed  considerably.  Thus,  malarial 
diseases  were  less  frequent  among  the  colored  men  and  Indians  than 
among  the  whites,  the  rates  being,  respectivel3%  2G.03,  31.51,  and  68.43. 
Alcoholism,  also,  8.35,1.37,  and  41.19.  Headache  and  neuralgia  were 
equally  common,  but  no  case  of  insanity  was  developed  among  either 
the  colored  men  or  Indians,  although  a  total  of  40  cases  was  recorded 
among  the  white  soldiers.  Diseases  of  the  heart  were  likewise  infre- 
quent among  the  colored  men  and  Indians.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
colored  man  appears  during  the  year  to  have  been  relatively  more  sub- 
ject to  chronic  rheumatism  of  the  joints  and  the  Indian  to  diseases  of 
the  eye.  Dyspei^sia,  colic,  constipation,  and  inflammations  of  the  lym- 
phatic system  were  considerably,  and  vene/eal  diseases  somewhat, 
more  frequent  among  both  than  among  the  white  troops.  Consump- 
tion was  iHiusually  prevalent  among  the  Indians.  A  total  of  26  cases 
gave  a  rate  of  35.t>2  per  thousand  of  strength,  as  against  rates  of  3.27 
and  4.42,  respectively,  among  the  white  and  the  colored  troops. 

The  death  rate  of  the  white  troops  from  all  causes  was  6.11  per 
thousand  of  strength,  of  the  colored  troops  5.00,  of  the  Indians  20.43; 
from  disease  the  rates  were,  respectively,  4.23,  3.18,  and  11.49;  and 
from  injury  1.88, 1.82,  and  8.94.  The  rate  from  disease  among  the  In- 
dians was  mainly  due  to  the  cases  of  consumption,  and  the  large  rate 
from  injury  to  an  undue  proportion  of  gunshot  wounds. 

The  rates  of  our  colored  troops  during  the  past  year  are  very  satis- 
factory. Admission,  noneffective,  death,  and  discharge  rates  are  all 
not  only  lower  than  in  any  previous  year  but  lower  than  the  corre- 
sponding rates  for  the  same  period  among  the  white  troops. 


THE   PREVALENCE   OF   SPECIAL  DISEASES. 
SPECIFIC  FEBKILE   AND   ACUTE   INFECTIOUS  DISEASES. 

The  specific  febrile  and  acute  infectious  diseases,  including  under 
this  heading  erysipelas,  tonsillitis,  and  cases  reported  as  typho-malarial, 
gave  an  admission  rate  of  141.85,  a  nonefificient  rate  of  4,09,  and  a  death 
rate  of  0.86.  Of  the  admission  rate  74.08  represents  the  prevalence  of 
influenza  and  41.90  that  of  tonsillitis;  measles,  mumps  and  enteric  fever 
form  the  mass  of  the  remaining  cases,  as  noted  below. 

Cerebrospinal  fever. — Two  cases  were  reported  among  enlisted  men, 
one  at  Fort  Wayne,  Mich.,  the  other  at  Fort  Leavenworth  Military 
Prison.  One  recovered,  but  the  man  had  to  be  discharged  on  account 
of  resulting  mental  vacuity;  the  other  died,  and  the  diagnosis  was  con- 
firmed by  the  appearances  discovered  post  mortem. 

ChicJcen  pox. — Thirteen  cases  were  reported  from  nine  different  posts, 
at  none  of  which  was  small  pox  present. 

Cholera. — In  anticipation  of  an  invasion  by  this  disease  on  account 
of  its  prevalence  at  some  of  the  European  ports  largely  concerned  in 
the  shipment  of  immigrants  to  this  country,  medical  directors  and  post 
surgeons  were  duly  reminded  of  the  precautions  requisite  for  the  pro- 
tection of  our  military  stations. 

******* 

Fortunately,  however,  the  imminence  of  the  danger  subsided  by  the 
gradual  extinction  of  the  disease  at  the  quarantine  of  the  port  of  New 
York,  and  it  became  evident  that  several  months  would  probably 
elapse  before  similar  threatening  conditions  would  recur.    Influenced 


330  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

by  the  ^circular  from  this  office  medical  directors  on  the  return  of  warm 
weather  again  notified  their  subordinates  of  the  importance  of  giving 
special  attention  to  local  sanitary  conditions. 

******* 

Dengue. — The  only  posts  from  which  this  fever  was  reported  were 
Forts  Mcintosh  and  Sam  Houston,  Tex.,  where  43  and  21  cases,  re- 
S])ectively,  were  said  to  have  occurred. 

l)ilihtlieria. — Eleven  cases  were  reported  among  enlisted  men,  6  at 
Fort  Grant,  Ariz.,  and  1  at  each  of  five  other  posts.  This  disease 
appeared  among  the  children  at  certain  posts.  At  Forts  Hancock, 
Tex.,  and  Stanton,  N.  Mex.,  1  case  each;  at  Fort  DuOhesne,  Utah, 
4 — 1  fatal;  at  Fort  Yates,  !N.  Dak.,  8 — 1  fatal;  and  at  West  Point, 
N.  Y.,  9 — 5  fatal.  Eight  of  the  cases  at  the  last-mentioned  post,  and  all  of 
the  fatal  ones,  occurred  in  the  family  of  Mr.  F.  P.  Baily,  quartermas- 
ter's employe.  In  all  these  instances  isolation  and  disinfection  were 
carefully  employed  to  limit  the  spread  of  the  disease.  The  house  occu- 
pied by  Mr,  Baily  was  destroyed  by  fire  together  with  two  tents  and 
some  articles  of  equipage  belonging  to  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment that  had  been  used  in  connection  with  the  treatment  of  the  cases. 
******* 

Enteric  fever. — Of  this  fever,  including  cases  reported  as  typho-mala- 
rial,  l5l  cases  occurred  among  the  enlisted  men  of  the  Army,  140  (of 
which  13  were  fatal)  among  the  white  and  2  (1  fatal)  among  the  colored 
troops.  A  relative  insusceptibility  to  this  disease  might  be  suggested 
by  these  figures  but  for  the  fact  that  the  average  annual  rates  of  admis- 
sion for  the  past  ten  years  have  been  4.34  for  the  colored  as  comjiared 
with  7.58  for  the  white  troops.  Gleanings  from  larger  fields  might 
therefore  show  a  greater  equalization  of  the  rates. 

The  151  cases  were  distributed  among  forty-seven  posts.  The  largest 
number,  23,  was  reported  from  Fort  Eeno,  Okla.,  but  Madison  Har- 
racks,  N.  Y.,  had  19,  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans.,  12,  San  Carlos,  Ariz., 
10,  I'ort  Yates,  N.  Dak.,  8,  Fort  Monroe,  Va.,  C,  and  Fort  Shernmn, 
Idaho,  5;  four  posts  had  4  each,  four  3  each,  eight  2  each,  and  twenty- 
four  1  each.  The  fatal  cases  were  scattered  at  various  i^osts,  one  each, 
except  at  Fort  Sill,  where  two  of  three  cases  were  fatal. 

4f  ^  *  -sF  "Jp  *  * 

It  has  happened  on  several  occasions  in  the  experience  of  Army  med- 
ical officers  that  typhoid  fever  has  appeared  in  a  command  when  the 
most  searching  investigation  has  failed  to  discover  any  unusual  insani- 
tary condition  except  a  want  of  ventilation  under  the  floors  of  the 
buiklings  in  which  the  outbreaks  occurred  with  rotting  of  the  flooring 
and  dampness  and  organic  decay  underneath.  The  last  instance  of  the 
kind  published  was  the  occurrence  of  23  cases  at  Fort  Assinniboine, 
Mont.,  in  1889.*  An  earlier  experience  of  the  same  kind,  published 
in  Part  iii,  medical  volume  of  the  Medical  and  Surgical  History  of  tlie 
War,  p.  497,  was  reported  in  1873  by  Capt.  McElderry  from  Fort 
Klamath,  Oreg.  During  the  past  year  a  similar  occurrence  took 
place  at  Fort  Yates,  N.  Dak."  Although  the  insanitary  conditions 
at  this  post  included  a  contamination  of  the  surrounding  soil  by  dis- 
used privy  pits  filled  in  and  covered  over  when  the  earth  closets  now 
in  use  were  erected,  the  unventilated  site  and  decayed  flooring  of  the 
barracks  are  worthy  of  special  notice  in  view  of  the  above-mentioned 
exjieriences. 

''See  report  of  Sni'geon-General,  1890,  p.  29. 
»  •  *  »  »  *  « 


KEPOKT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  331 

Erysipelas. — Twenty-ciglit  cases,  1  fatal,  were  reported.  Eighteen 
posts  had  1  case  each,  three  2,  and  one  4  cases;  the  causes  to  which 
the  spread  in  tJbe  last  instance  was  ascribed  may  be  learned  from  Capt. 
Munday's  report  given  below  (p.  104). 

Influenza. — Of  this  disease  1,793  cases  were  reported,  the  largest  num- 
ber at  any  one  post  having  been  141,  1  fatal,  at  Fort  Caster,  Mont. 
Many  i^osts  reported  no  such  cases,  but  these  had  usually  an  increased 
rate  for  catarrh  and  bronchitis.  A  total  of  6  deaths  was  'ascribed  to 
this  disease. 

Measles. — The  cases,  187  in  number,  of  this  disease  were  all  of  light 
grade.  At  the  recruiting  depot,  Columbus  Barracks,  52  cases  occurred, 
and  from  this  post  the  disease  appears  to  have  been  conveyed  to  a  few 
of  the  others.  Generally,  however,  the  infection  was  introduced  from 
some  community  in  the  vicinity  of  the  military  station.  Seven  iwsts 
had  1  case  each,  seven  2,  four  3,  two  4,  one  5,  five  6,  two  7,  and  one  8, 
10,  13,  and  14  respectively. 

Mumps. — During  the  year  149  cases  of  mumps  were  reported,  43  of 
which  occurred  among  the  recruits  at  Columbus  Barracks  and  19  at 
Fort  Yates;  thirteen  x)osts  had  1  case  each,  three  2,  four  5,  two  10, 
and  one  3,  6,  8,  and  11,  respectively.  During  the  current  year  two  nota- 
ble epidemics  occurred  at  Forts  Ai^ache  and  Buford.  Of  40  cases 
at  the  former  post  most  of  the  patients  were  Ajiaches  of  the  Indian  com- 
pany. Metastatic  orchitis  occurred  in  33.3  per  cent  of  the  cases.  Of 
30  cases  at  Fort  Buford,  8,  or  20.G  per  cent,  had  orchitis. 

Eotheln. — A  few  cases  were  reported  from  Forts  Leavenworth  and 
Grant  and  Plattsburg  Barracks. 

Scarlet  fever. — Only  9  cases  were  reported  as  having  occurred  among 
the  troops,  4  at  Fort  Mj-er,  2  at  Fort  Logan,  and  1  each  at  three  other 
posts.  The  disease  appeared  also  among  the  children  at  a  few  posts, 
but  was  in  all  cases  prevented  from  spreading  by  careful  isolation  and 
efficient  disinfection. 

Smallpox. — Only  1  case,  at  Fort  Marcy,  was  reported  during  the  year. 
This  disease  has  been  extensively  prevalent  among  the  Mexican  popu- 
lation, so  that  the  occurrence  of  only  1  case  in  our  border  garrisons 
shows  the  efficiency  of  our  x>rotective  measures. 

Tonsillitis. — Cases,  making  a  total  of  1,014,  were  reported  under  this 
heading  from  nearly  every  military  station,  the  highest  number  from 
any  one  post  being  52,  from  Columbus  Barracks.  It  is  impossible  to 
say  what  i)roportion  of  these  consisted  of  a  merely  local  inflammation 
of  a  portion  of  the  digestive  tract  and  what  proportion  was  due  to  a 
specific  cause  entitling  the  cases  to  be  regarded  as  belonging  to  the 
class  now  under  discussion;  but  rcmaiks  are  so  frequently  appended 
to  sanitary  reports  indicating  the  connection  of  these  cases  with  defec- 
tive drainage  and  sewerage,  polluted  soils,  and  neglect  of  proper  ven- 
tilation of  dormitories,  that  it  would  seem  advisable  from  the  standpoint 
of  practical  sanitatio'.i  to  regard  them  as  more  intimately  associated 
with  the  specific  febrile  and  acute  infectious  diseases  than  with  the  dis- 
eases of  the  digestive  system. 

Whooping  courih  was  reported  from  Fort  Monroe,  Angel  Island,  and 
Fort  Custer;  4  cases  among  the  troojjs  at  the  last-mentioned  post  and 
I  each  at  the  others.  Few  cases  are  reported  as  having  occurred 
among  the  children. 

TT  #  4r  *  ^  ^  ^ 

DIARRHEAL  AFFECTIONS. 

These  diseases  had  an  admission  rate  of  110.85,  as  compared  with 
108.21  during  the  previous  year  and  162.30,  the  average  annual  rate  of 


332  .       PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

the  previous  decade.  Diarrhea  caused  i08.04  of  the  rate  and  dysentery 
2.81 ;  but  the  nonefficieucy  occasioned  \vas  slight,  only  1.13  per  thou- 
sand of  streiigtli,  as  the  average  duration  of  the  cases  was  .short; 
diarrhea,  3.4;  dysentery,  15,9  days.  Xo  death  occurred  among  the  total 
of  2,G15  cas^s  of  diarrhea,  including  cholera  morbus,  nor  among  the  G8 
cases  of  dysentery  reported.  Reports  as  to  causation  refer  these  af- 
fections in  a  doubtful  way  to  errors  of  diet  and  the  continuance  of  high 
atmospheric  temperatures,  for  most  of  them  were  recorded  during  the 
hot  season.  Forts  Monroe  and  Hamilton,  Davids  Island,  Fort  Bar- 
rancas, and  St.  Francis  Barracks  had  the  largest  rates. 

MALARIAL    DISEASES. 

The  admission  rate  for  malarial  diseases  was  low,  63.75,  practically 
the  same  as  for  the  previous  year,  but  a  marked  improvement  on  92.93 
in  1890,  and  120.20  in  1889.  The  rate  of  nonefiiciency  for  the  year  was 
1.7G.  No  fatal  case  was  reported  among  the  total  number  of  1,543  cases 
recorded.  Intermittents,  1,131;  remittents,  309,  and  other  malarial 
diseases,  103.  Seven  cases  reported  as  typho-malarial  are  not  included 
among  these.  As  usual,  the  prevalence  was  greater  among  the  white 
than  among  the  colored  troops,  the  admission  rate  for  the  former  hav- 
ing been  G8.43;  for  the  latter,  26.03. 

Washington  Barracks,  Fort  Sill  and  Fort  Myer  had  high  admission 
rates,  503.25,  474.00,  and  466.11,  respectively.  Fort  Clark,  with  only 
205.61  admissions,  had  the  largest  nonefficieucy,  15.00 ;  Fort  Sill,  thenext 
in  order  in  this  regard,  having  only  8.87.  The  average  duration  of  each 
ease  at  Fort  Clark  was  26,70  days,  at  Fort  Sill,  6.85,  while  the  cachexia 
of  the  cases  at  Fort  Einggold  necessitated  a  prolongation  of  the  aver- 
age duration  of  treatment  to  71  days.  The  post  surgeon  of  the  last- 
mentioned  post  insists  that  the  malarial  disease  which  adds  so  largely 
to  the  nonefificiency  of  the  garrison  is  not  in  any  way  due  to  condi- 
tions existing  at  the  post,  but  to  those  prevailing  in  the  country  in 
which  the  troops  operated  during  the  spring  and  summer.  Washington 
Barracks  and  Fort  Myer  had  noncfHcient  rates  of  7.32  and  6.46,  re- 
spectively. 

VENEREAL  DISEASES. 

The  admission  rate  for  these  diseases  was  76,73  during  the  year,  the 
prevalence  being  somewhat  greater  among  the  colored  troops  and 
Indians  than  among  the  whites.  This  rate  shows,  unfortunately,  no 
improvement,  the  rate  of  the  previous  year  having  been  72.46,  and  the 
average  annual  rate  of  the  previous  decade  77.31.  The  average  num- 
ber of  men  constantly  sick  per  thousand  of  strength  was  5.33  as 
against  5.00  for  the  i)revious  year.  Gonorrhea  and  its  results  caused 
40.90  of  the  76.73  admission  rates;  chancroids,  11.11;  syphilis  and  its 
results,  16.03,  and  other  venereal  diseases,  8.68.  The  average  duration 
of  treatment  of  each  case  was  25.4  days;  gonorrheal  cases,  21.1 ;  chan- 
croidal, 22.7;  syphilitic,  38.5,  and  other  cases  25.1  days.  Fifty-three 
men  disabled  by  these  diseases  were  discharged  from  service  during 
the  year. 

******* 

ALCOHOLISM. 

The  admission  rate  for  alcoholism,  37.23  per  thousand  of  strength,  is 
an  improvement  on  the  past,  comparing  favorably  with  40.01  in  the  lire- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  333 

vious  year,  40.73  in  1890,  41.31  iu  1889,  and  5G.G8  as  tlie  average 
annual  rate  of  the  previous  decade.  Drunkenness  to  an  extent  requir- 
ing medical  care  was  relatively  more  frequent  among  tlie  wLite  troops 
than  among  tlie  negroes  and  Indians,  the  rates  being  respectively 
41.19,  8.35,  and  1.37.  The  corresponding  rate  in  the  home  service 
army  of  Great  Britain  was  only  2.G9;  in  the  army  of  Prussia,  Saxony, 
and  Wiirtemberg,  1.65;  of  Austria-Hungary,  0.11;  of  Italy,  O.OC. 

The  post  having  the  highest  rate  was  Fort  Brady,  179.49;  but  Jack- 
son Barracks  had  practically  the  same  rate,  179.23.  Eiglit  other  posts 
had  the  admission  rate  over  100  per  thousand  of  strength,  in  the  fol- 
lowing order,  after  the  two  already  named :  Fort  Porter,  Willets  Point, 
Kock  Island  Arsenal,  Fort  Ontario,  Camp  Oklahoma  and  Forts  Mc- 
Pherson,  Marcy  and  Barrancas. 

The  admission  rate  of  the  Indian  companies  does  not  appear  to  give 
full  expression  to  the  prevalence  of  intoxication  among  them,  for  the 
sanitary  reports  speak  occasionally  in  most  unfavorable  terms  of  their 
habits  in  this  regard.  Thus,  from  Fort  Wingate  Maj.  Matthews  re- 
ports among  them  in  July  one  homicide  and  one  death  from  accident, 
both  results  of  intoxication,  and  in  December  five  members  of  the 
troop  suflfering  from  wounds  received  in  drunken  quarrels;  while  from 
Fort  Bowie  Capt.  K.  W.  Johnson  reports  drunken  brawls  to  be  of  fre- 
quent occurrence,  "  and  if  the  men  were  only  allowed  to  retain  pos- 
session of  their  arms  it  would  be  but  a  short  time  before  their  number 
would  be  materially  decreased." 

RHEUMATISM. 

The  admission  rate,  71.52,  continues  to  show  a  gradual  lessening  of 
the  prevalence  of  rheumatic  affections.  The  rate  for  the  previous  jrear 
was  75.33;  for  1890,  83.19,  and  the  average  annual  rate  of  the  previous 
decade,  107.28.  Thirty-eight  men  were  discharged  for  these  affections, 
giving  a  rate  of  1.41  as  compared  with  1.25  in  the  previous  year,  2.06 
in  1890,  and  2.96  as  the  average  of  the  previous  decade. 

The  cases  of  acute  articular  rheumatism  numbered  124,  and  consti- 
tuted 5.12  of  the  total  admission  rate,  71.52.  The  average  duration  of 
these  cases  was  39.4  days.  Chronic  articular  rheumatism  constituted 
15.37  of  the  total  rate;  average  duration,  25.3  days.  Muscular  rheu- 
matism and  myalgia  formed  51.03  of  the  total;  average  duration,  12.2 
days. 


PULMONARY  COXSUMPTION. 

The  admission  rate  of  the  Army  for  consumption  was  4.34  per  thou- 
sand of  strength,  considerably  in  excess  of  the  rate  of  the  previous 
year,  2.97.  The  rate  recorded  by  the  white  troops  was  3.27,  by  the 
colored  troops  4.42,  and  by  the  Indians  35.62.  The  absolute  number  of 
cases  was  105,  of  which  70  occurred  among  the  white  troops,  with  9 
deaths  and  35  discharges;  9  among  the  colored  troops,  with  2  deaths 
and  3  discharges,  and  26  among  the  Indian  companies,  with  7  deaths 
and  13  discharges.  The  death  rate  from  this  cause  alone  among  the 
Indians,  8.94,  was  greater  than  the  death  rate,  6.44,  from  all  causes  in 
the  Army  as  a  whole.  Some  remarks  on  the  quarters  and  habits  of  the 
Indians,  submitted  below  (p.  103),  are  of  interest  in  this  connection. 

PNEUMONIA  AND   PLEURISY. 

Eighty-three  cases  of  pneumonia  (not  a  comjjlication  of  other  dis- 
eases) w^ere  reported  during  the  year;  72  (16  fatal)  among  the  white 


334  PAPEKS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

troops,  8  (1  fatal)  among  tlie  colored  troops,  and  3  (none  fatal)  among 
the  Indians.  The  average  dnration  of  each  case  was  31.9  days.  Ninety- 
nine  cases  were  reported  in  1891,  96  in  1890,  and  130  in  1889,  so  that 
this  manifest/ation  of  disease  may  be  regarded  as  having  touched  our 
military  stations  but  lightly  during  the  past  year. 

Seventy  of  the  cases,  of  whicli  13  were  fatal,  were  reported  as  lobar; 
10  (1  fatal)  as  catarrhal,  and  3  (all  fatal)  as  undefined.  The  largest 
number  of  cases  at  one  post  was  10,  at  Columbus  Barracks;  Jefterson 
Barracks  and  Whipple  Barracks  had  each  5  cases;  Forts  Assinniboine 
and  Buford,  4  each,  and  Fort  Leavenworth  3.  Eighteen  posts  had 
each  2  cases,  and  sixteen  each  1  case. 

Forty-four  cases  of  pleurisy  were  reported:  White,  37;  colored,  4; 
Indian,  3.     Two  of  the  cases  among  the  white  troops  were  fatal. 
******* 

The  22  cases  of  suicide  that  occurred  during  the  year  are  equivalent 
to  a  rate  of  0.82  per  tliousand  of  strength,  as  compared  with  0.83  dur- 
ing the  previous  year,  and  0.71  the  average  annual  rate  of  the  previous 
ten  years.  The  last  reported  rates  of  foreign  armies  are :  Great  Britain, 
0.21;  Italj^,  0.33;  Prussia,  Saxony,  and  Wiirtemberg,  (i.64;  and  Aus- 
tria-Hungarj',  1.18. 

Eighteen  of  the  22  suicides  were  members  of  white  commands.  The 
causes  assigned  were  domestic  troubles  in  1,  failure  to  obtain  desired 
promotion  in  1,  fear  of  court-martial  in  2,  mental  despondency  attrib- 
uted to  ill  health  in  2,  temporary  mental  aberration  in  4,  alcohol  in  1 
and  probably  in  some  of  the  7  reported  as  unknown.  No  case  occurred 
among  the  colored  troops!  Four  suicides  among  the  members  of  the 
Indian  companies  give  a  material  increase  to  the  rate  reported  at  this 
time,  and  detract  seriously  from  that  reputation  for  equanimity,  self- 
restraint,  and  fortitude  with  which  the  American  Indian  has  been  so 
liberally  endowed  in  most  of  his  literary  portraits.  The  reported 
causes  in  these  cases  were  in  1,  mental  depression  from  syphilis;  in  1, 
homesickness,  a  pass  to  visit  his  tribe  having  been  denied  him;  and 
in  2,  jealousy  and  domestic  troubles. 

One  of  the  22  suicides  was  a  commissioned  officer,  8  belonged  to  the 
infantry,  6  to  the  cavalry-,  3  to  the  artillery,  2  to  the  ordnance,  1  to  the 
hospital  corps,  and  2  to  other  corps.  Eleven  were  30  to  34  years  of 
age;  4,  20  to  24,  and  as  many  25  to  29;  1  between  each  of  the  ages  40 
to  44,  45  to  49,  and  50  to  54.  Seventeen  were  natives  of  the  United 
States,  2  German,  1  Irish,  1  French,  and  1  Scandinavian.  Five  were 
in  their  first  year  of  service,  the  others  older  soldiers.  Five  of  the 
cases  occurred  in  September,  4  each  in  October  and  November,  2  each 
in  March,  June,  and  July,  and  1  each  in  May,  August,  and  December. 
Three  cases  were  reported  from  Fort  Schujder,  2  each  from  Forts 
Eandall  and  Sam  Houston,  and  1  from  each  of  fifteen  other  posts. 


EECOMIMENDATIONS. 

In  conclusion  I  desire  to  invite  attention  to  the  recommendations 
made  in  this  report,  as  follows: 

The  introduction  of  electric  light  into  the  Army  and  Navy  General 
Hospital,  Hot  Springs,  Ark.,  and  an  increase  of  the  accommodations 
for  officers  at  the  hospital. 

White  linen  or  cotton  duck  as  the  most  suitable  wear  for  men  occu- 
pied in  ward  or  dispensary  duties. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  335 

The  reference  of  all  j)laiis  for  tlie  construction  or  alteration  of  build- 
ings or  for  sanitary  improvements  at  military  posts  to  a  board  of  officers, 
in  which  the  Medical  Department  shall  be  represented. 

The  disuse  of  casemates  as  living-  and  sleeping  rooms. 

A  return  so  far  to  former  methods  as  to  provide  public  quarters  for 
a  limited  number  of  married  enlisted  men. 

A  consideration  of  the  want  of  equity  in  the  present  method  of  heat- 
ing the  quarters  of  officers. 

A  prohibition  of  the  practice  of  flushing  barrack  floors  with  water 
for  the  purpose  of  cleaning  them. 

The  construction  of  crematories  for  garbage  at  all  permanent  posts, 
particularly  when  the  reservation  is  small  and  surrounded  by  civil  com- 
munities. 

The  establishment  of  post  laundries  at  large  posts  to  obviate  the 
necessity  of  sending  clothes  to  various  localities  in  neighboring  cities 
or  other  civil  settlements. 


Eespectfully  submitted. 


Hon.  Daniel  S.  Lamont, 

Secretary  of  \¥ar. 


Geo.  M.  Sternberg, 

Surgeon- General. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  CHIEF  SIGNAL  OFFICER. 

War  DepartjNient,  Signal  Office 

Washington,  October  9,  1S93. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  on  the  Signal 
Corps  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  Jnne  30,  1893: 

MILITARY  telegraph  LINES. 

There  are  now  thirty-three  military  posts  and  stations  whose  tele- 
graphic connections  with  the  great  commercial  systems  of  the  country 
are  over  permanent  lines,  constructed  or  o])erated,  either  entirely  or  m 
part,  by  the  Signal  Corps  of  the  Army.  There  is  at  present  hardly  a 
military  i)ost  which  has  not  a  telegraph  station  either  within  its  limits 
or  at  some  convenient  iioint  speedy  of  access. 

The  military  telegraph  lines  of  the  Signal  Corps,  whose  operation 
devolves  by  law  on  the  Chief  Signal  Officer,  include,  first,  permanent 
lines  for  the  purpose  of  maintaining  (;ommunication  with  important 
military  posts;  second,  flying  telegraph  lines  which  are  organized  and 
maintained  with  a  view  to  their  easy  transportation  and  speedy  utiliza- 
tion in  connection  with  field  operations.  These  lines  during  peace  are 
usually  operated  for  drill  purposes,  but  on  special  occasions,  as  during 
this  year  in  the  Rio  Grande  Valley,  they  are  established  and  tempora- 
rily worked  in  connection  with  important  military  operations;  third, 
practice  lines,  primarily  erected  at  military  posts  in  order  to  promote 
instruction  in  telegraphy  and  signaling,  but  also  serving  in  some 
instances  to  facilitate  administration  at  posts  covering  extended  areas. 

The  permanent  telegraph  lines  operated  by  the  Signal  Corps,  now  ag- 
gregating about  700  miles  in  length,  have  been  under  the  general  man- 
agement of  Capt.  Charles  E.   Kilbourne,  Signal  Corps,  whose  report 


336  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

forms  Appendix  A.  The  successful  aclministration  of  Capt.  Kilbourue 
appears  in  the  extremely  efficient  condition  of  these  lines  as  demon- 
strated by  the  unprecedentedly  brief  periods  of  iuteirupted  communi- 
cation during'  the  past  year. 

Nearly  lUO  miles  of  telegraph  line  are  under  the  immediate  supervi- 
sion of  First  Lieut.  Frank  Greene,  Signal  Corps,  chief  signal  officer 
Department  of  Arizona,  who  has  charge  of  all  telegra[)h.  lines  within 
tlie  limits  of  that  department  in  addition  to  his  siiecific  duties  as  a 
member  of  tlie  departmental  staff.  The  lines  of  this  department  are  of 
unusual  military  importance,  keeping  as  they  do.  the  great  Indian  res- 
ervations of  Arizona  and  ISTew  Mexico  under  the  eye  of  the  dci)artment 
commander.  The  section  centering  at  San  Carlos,  Ariz.,  is  not  only 
indispensable  to  efficient  and  economical  military  operations  in  connec- 
tion with  that  imi^ortant  agency,  but  also  renders  practically  impossible 
any  extended  Indian  outbreak. 

The  efficient  administration  of  First  Lieut.  Frank  Greene,  Signal  Corps, 
most  cordially  supported  by  Gen.  Alexander  McDowell  McCook,  depart- 
ment comm'ander,  lias  brought  these  lines  into  unprecedentedly  serv- 
iceable condition.  The  double  telegraphic  outlet  to  commercial  lines, 
north  and  soutli,  from  San  Carlos  has  demonstrated  its  great  utility 
by  insuring  almost  uninterrupted  communication  through  a  wild  and 
difficult  region.  The  total  interruption  of  telegraphic  communication 
at  stations  on  this  division  has  averaged  for  each  station  less  than 
thirty-four  hours  during  the  last  fiscal  year. 

The  system  of  military  telegraph  lines  under  First  Lieut.  Frederick 
E.  Day,  Twentieth  Infantry,  acting  signal  officer,  with  headquarters 
at  Bismarck,  N".  Dalv.,  have  been  efficiently  managed  during  the  year. 
This  system  comi)rises  scattered  lines  in  North  Dakota,  Montana,  Okla- 
homa, Utah,  Wyoming,  and  Texas. 

The  extension  of  the  Burlington  and  Missouri  Eiver  Eailroad  to 
Clearmont,  Wyo.,  enabled  this  bureau  to  effect  such  a  reconstruction 
of  the  military  telegra])h  line  to  Fort  McKinney,  Wyo.,  as  insures 
uninterrupted  comnninication  with  that  important  military  post. 
After  consultation  with  Gen.  John  E.  Brooke,  commanding  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Platte,  whose  energetic  support  has  been  at  all  times 
freely  accorded,  the  line  from  Clearmont  to  Fort  McKinney,  31  miles  in 
length,  was  built  May  5,  1893,  under  the  supervision  of  First  Lieut. 
Frederick  E.  Day,  Twentieth  Infantry,  who  for  this  purpose  reported 
to  the  commanding  general,  Department  of  the  Platte.  This  line  was 
constructed  largely  of  material  recovered  from  the  abandoned  line 
between  Powder  Eiver  and  Fort  McKinney,  some  50  miles  in  length. 
The  present  line  from  Clearmont  to  Fort  McKinney,  through  its  short 
length  and  other  favorable  conditions,  promises  uninterrupted  commu- 
nication. In  accordance  with  the  policy  adopted  by  the  Chief  Signal 
Officer  in  the  direction  of  local  control,  this  line  has  been  turned  over 
to  the  commanding  officer  of  Fort  McKinney,  who  has  full  charge  of  its 
operation.  Whenever  the  line  is  not  required  for  strictly  military  pur- 
poses, commercial  messages  are  transmitted  over  it  under  such  restric- 
tions as  the  comuumder  officer  of  Fort  McKinney  may  make,  no  tolls, 
however,  being  levied  for  such  transmission. 

Lieut.  Day's  remoteness  from  the  several  sections  of  the  lines  under 
his  control  has  enhanced  the  difficulties  of  his  administration,  which, 
however,  has  been  marked  with  energy  and  skill. 

One  of  his  lines,  that  extending  from  Fort  Brown  to  Fort  Einggold, 
Tex.,  i)roved  to  be    of  great  military  imi)ortance  during  the    late 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  337 

border  troubles,  wJieii  compiications  of  an  iiiteriiatioiial  character 
appeared  possible  on  tlie  lower  Eio  Grande.  During  tlie  border 
troubles,  liowever,  this  line — a  single  wire,  having  no  outlet  except 
at  Brownsville — was  frequently  inoperative,  sometimes  by  natural 
causes,  but  more  frequently,  as  is  probable,  by  malicious  inter- 
ruption through  lawless  persons  who  were  interested  in  promoting 
disorder.  Such  interruptions,  made  in  a  few  moments,  necessitate 
honrs,  possibly  days,  of  dangerous  travel  and  arduous  labor  before  the 
\ino  is  again  in  operation. 

In  order  to  insure  telegraphic  communication  with  a  degree  of  relia- 
bility commensurate  with  the  ijuportance  of  this  line,  the  Chief  Signal 
Officer  submitted  with  his  last  annual  report  a  special  estimate  for 
the  constrnction  of  a  second  outlet,  which  plan,  however,  failed  to  com 
mend  itself  to  Congress.  Later,  the  very  threatening  attitude  of  affairs 
obliged  Gen.  Frank  Wheaton,  commanding  the  Department  of  Texas, 
to  telegraphically  nrgenpon  the  Commanding  General  of  the  Army  and 
the  War  Department  the  absolute  military  necessity  of  more  extended 
telegraphic  facilities,  to  be  given  by  a  second  outlet  in  the  construc- 
tion of  a  telegraph  line  from  Fort  Einggold  to  Fort  Mcintosh,  Tex. 
These  threatening  conditions  impressed  Congress  to  a  greater  extent 
than  the  prior  recommendations  of  the  Chief  Signal  Officer,  and  as  a 
result  Congress  approiniated  $17,000  for  the  constrnction  of  the  desired 
line,  during  the  liscal  year  ending  June  30,  1891. 

The  not  infrequent  resnlt  of  failure  to  act  on  the  recommendations  of 
the  officer  charged  by  law  with  special  duties  followed,  for  there  was 
such  delay  in  making  the  appropriation  that  the  permanent  line  could 
not  possibly  be  completed  until  a  year  after  its  pressing  necessity  was 
fully  recognized. 

The  serious  emergency,  however,  was  provided  for,  at  the  suggestion 
of  the  Chief  Signal  Officer,  by  the  costly  expedient  of  concentrating 
and  erecting  all  the  flying  telegraph  line  of  the  Army,  some  seventy 
miles  in  the  aggregate.  Although  an  expensive  operation,  yet  it  tided 
over  the  season  of  military  operations,  as  is  x^ointed  out  in  that  i)ortion 
of  this  report  referring  to  flying  telegraph  lines. 

While  the  j^ermanent  telegraph  lines  under  the  control  of  the  Chief 
Signal  Officer  of  the  Army  are  constructed  primarily  for  military  pur- 
poses, yet  they  secondly  subserve  commercial  interests  by  afibrding 
speedy  communication  with  business  centers.  The  tariff  charges  for 
commercial  telegrams  over  military  lines  are  extremely  low,  ranging 
from  10  to  25  cents  for  ten  words,  so  that  the  revenue  from  commercial 
messages  is  necessarily  limited.  ISTevertheless,  the  volume  of  such  bus- 
iness is  so  great  that  the  income  assumes  respectable  proi)ortions. 

There  has  been  collected  and  turned  into  the  United  States  Treasury 
during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1893,  telegraph  tolls  of  the  sum 
of  61,964.09,  while  for  the  same  period  the  additional  sum  of  $1,262.73 
was  collected  for  tolls  on  account  of  the  commercial  telegraph  comx)a- 
nies  and  turned  over  to  the  proper  officials.  The  total  number  of  free 
messages  transmitted  over  Government  wires,  consisting  of  Govern- 
ment, State,  and  other  business,  has  been  tabulated  on  lines  under  the 
supervision  of  the  Chief  Signal  Officer  and  aggregate  36,530  with  a 
tariff  value  of  $3,885.67.  The  same  proportion  for  other  lines,  under 
post  commanders,  would  make  the  aggregate  tarifl"  value  of  free  mes- 
sages about  $5,000,  so  that  during  the  year  the  volume  of  business 
handled  over  military  telegraph  lines  and  calculated  on  its  very  low 
tariff  aggregates  not  far  from  $15,000. 

Ab.  93 22 


338  PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THE 

PLYING  TELEGKAPH  LINES. 

The  important  pait  v.liich  electrical  conuiiuuications  play  in  modern 
warfare  emphasizes  the  necessity  of  developing  efficient  and  supple- 
mentiiry  methods  for  armies  operating  on  a  base  away  from  the  general 
telegraph  system  of  the  country.  Special  attention  is  now  being  given 
by  the  Signal  Corps  to  the  suitable  equipment  of  its  flying  telegraph 
trains  in  all  phases,  from  the  connection,  by  means. of  such  lines,  of 
ai-my  headquarters  with  the  ijermanent  lines  of  the  country  to  the 
X^rovision  for  temi)orary  telegraphic  or  telephonic  communication 
between  army,  division,  or  even  brigade  headquarters,  with  all 
essential  points,  whether  in  camp  or  on  battle  line. 

AVith  this  end  in  view,  and  with  the  approval  of  the  Major-General 
Commanding  the  Army  and  the  Secretarj^  of  War,  flying  telegTaph 
trains  equipped  with  the  most  modern  appliances  are  in  course  ot 
organization,  each  separate  train  having  material  for  15  miles  of  line. 
These  trains,  available  for  drill  purjioses,  will  be  located  at  Fort  Eiley, 
Kans.j  Fort  Grant,  Ariz.;  Fort  Sam  Houston,  Tex.;  Fort  Leaven- 
worth, Kans.,  and  at  the  Presidio  of  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

******* 

PKACTICAL   TELEGRAPH   OPERATIONS. 

The  field  or  flying  telegraph  differs  materially  from  a  permanent 
line;  the  material,  while  being  sufficiently  strong  to  insure  uninter- 
rupted communication  and  withstand  the  vicissitudes  of  weather,  must 
also  be  light  enough  to  render  easy  its  transportation  vrith  moving 
troops — say,  material  for  12  miles  by  a  four-mule  team.  The  wire 
supports  must  be  such  that  they  can  be  rapidly  erected  and  dis- 
mounted, while  the  wire  and  insulators  can  be  easily  attached  and 
detached  from  the  lances  without  injury  or  deterioration.  Moreover, 
the  appliances  for  construction  must  be  such  that  the  line  can  be 
quickly  put  up  over  any  kind  of  country.  With  such  conditions  to 
fultill,  theory  must  be  supplemented  by  practice,  since  the  erection  of  a 
flying  line  for  drill  purposes  over  chosen  ground  tests  only  in  part  the 
materials,  methods,  and  applian.ces.  Fortunately  the  past  year  has 
been  marked  by  an  extended  practical  application  of  the  flying  tele- 
gra])h  train  of  the  Signal  Corps  that  has  not  only  tested  its  worth  and 
fitness  for  field  work,  but  also  demonstrated  its  great  i)ractical  utility 
to  the  Armv. 


MILITARY  BALLOONS. 

The  introduction  of  balloons  in  connection  with  field  telegraph  trains 
for  the  purpose  of  collecting  and  transmitting  military  information, 
brings  into  special  im])ortance  tlie  question  of  aeiial  navigation.  The 
utility  and  importance  of  balloons  for  obtaining  military  information 
during  field  operations  were  amply  demonstrated  in  the  last  civil  war, 
but  like  many  other  American  ideas  had  to  await  recognition  and 
development  by  military  authorities  of  other  nations.  The  United 
States,  first  to  use  balloons  in  war,  as  it  was  first  to  use  the  electric 
telegraph  and  signal  apjdiances  on  the  field  of  battle,  has  consequently 
seen  these  ideas  adopted  and  improved  by  all  other  important  military 
powers. 

Improved  methods  of  equipment,  manipulation,  and  transx)ortation 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  339 

have  come  with  improved  industrial  and  inventive  methods,  but  as  yet 
there  have  been  no  experiments  sufficiently  satisfectory  to  prove  the 
advisability  of  replacing  the  captive  balloon  by  free  balloons,  either  for 
extended  reconuoissance  or  as  an  instrument  of  offensive  warfare. 

The  construction  of  a  dirigible  balloon,  so  as  to  have  its  movements 
under  satisfactory  control,  may  still  be  considered  inconclusive,  although 
the  French  war  department  has  balloon  apparata  which  have  been  pro- 
pelled in  any  desired  direction  with  considerable  speed.  Experiments 
have  brought  the  use  of  a  captive  balloon,  however,  to  such  a  degree 
of  excellence  that  its  utility  in  extended  warfare  is  beyond  question. 

During  the  past  fiscal  year  the  project  of  adding  military  balloons  to 
the  flying  telegraph  train  has  been  proceeded  with  under  the  plan  made 
by  the  Chief  Signal  Officer,  which  was  approved  by  the  Commanding 
General  of  the  Army  and  by  the  Secretary  of  War.  An  experimental 
captive  balloon  train  is  being  organized,  which,  as  a  supplement  to  and 
in  connection  with  the  flying  telegraph  trains,  will  be  operated  with 
modern  equipments,  so  that  military  information  as  to  topography,  the 
disposition  and  movement  of  troops,  etc.,  may  be  collected  photograph- 
ically or  visually.  The  drag  rope,  or  captive  cable  of  the  balloon  is  au 
aerial  double-conductor  cable  by  which  information  can  be  transmitted 
by  or  sent  to  the  occupants  of  the  balloon. 

With  appropriations  insufficient  for  extended  experiments,  the  Chief 
Sig-aal  Officer  was  obliged  to  most  carefully  consider  the  difierent  sys- 
tems of  ballooning  now  in  operation,  arid  has  adopted,  for  the  present, 
the  English  system  of  a  captive  skin  balloon,  provided  with  a  double 
conductor,  insulated  captive  cable,  and  inflated  from  portable  cylinders 
containing  hydrogen  gas  compressed  under  120  atmospheres.  After 
experimentaf  drills  the  trained  offlcers  and  men  of  the  Signal  Corps 
should  be  able  to  fill  the  balloon  and  make  an  ascent  of  half  a  mile  in 
half  an  hour.  From  tbis  coign  of  vantage  the  signal  officer  can  com- 
municate by  telephone  either  with  the  train  base  or  over  the  flying 
telegraph  line  with  the  commanding  general.  The  balloon  purchased 
for  this  purpose  was  constructed  in  Paris,  under  the  supervision  of 
First  Lieut.  William  A.  Glassford,  Signal  Corps,  to  whom  was  intrusted 
the  entire  details.  In  this  work  Lieut.  Glassford  displayed  discrimi- 
nating judgment  and  unremitting  zeal. 


POST  TELECtRAPH  lits^es. 

The  Chief  Signal  Ofilcer  has  fostered  the  construction  and  operation 
of  practice  telegraph  lines  Viithin  the  limits  of  the  larger  military  posts, 
and  there  are  now  in  operation  76  of  such  lines.  Interest  in  military 
signaling  has  thus  increased,  especially  as  the  Morse,  or  American, 
telegraph  code  is  the  signal  code  of  the  Army.  Many  devote  their 
leisure  hours  to  acquiring  a  knovdedge  of  telegraphy,  which  may 
enhance  the  value  of  their  services  while  in  the  Army  and  be  of  benefit 
in  civil  life, 

MILITARY  SIGNALING. 


Tbe  provisions  of  the  Army  Eegulations  wliich  charge  department 
commanders  with  responsibility  for  the  efficiency  of  their  commands 
in  military  signaling,  with  discretionary  power  to  restrict  post  instruc- 
tion therein  to  such  particular  months  as  are  most  suitable  and  con- 
venient, have  beneficially  affected  instruction  in  the  line  of  the  xVrmy. 


340  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Two  liiiiuliecl  and  eigbty-ciglit  officers  and  1,388  men  are  reported 
proficient  under  paragraph  1701,  Army  Eegulations;  only  one  in  six  in 
tbis  number,  bo^YeverJ  can  receive  telegrapbic  messages  at  a  low  rate  of 
speed. 

The  efforts  of  tlie  Cbief  Signal  Officer  to  stimulate  an  interest  in 
signaling  by  furnisbing  ample  supplies  for  intercommunication  on  tar- 
get ranges  and  in  connection  with  summer  encampments  and  marcbes, 
together  with  the  establishme;it  of  well-equipped  telegraph  lines  in  the 
more  important  military  posts,  have  contributed  to  increase  practice 
and  knowledge.  The  results,  however,  render  it  more  than  evident 
that  the  line  of  the  Army  has  neither  the  time  nor  the  inclination  to 
acquire  anything  more  than  the  rudiments  of  signaling.  The  average 
time  given  to  signaling  by  each  man  in  the  line  of  the  Army  during  the 
past  year  is  about  two  hours,  or  about  one-fourth  of  a  working  da.y. 

In  two  military  departments  (Columbia  and  Dakota)  the  instruction 
during  the  whole  year  has  averaged  less  than  an  hour  for  each  man, 
and  in  only  one  department  (California)  has  it  even  approximated  to 
a  half  day,  with  an  a^>erage  of  5.2  hours. 

While  the  present  method  of  instruction  occasionally  results,  in  a 
few  acquiring  sufficient  knowledge  of  telegraphy  to  enable  them  to 
transmit  or  read  messages  sent  over  commercial  telegraph  lines  at  an 
ordinary  rate  of  speed,  yet  it  is  very  much  to  be  doubted  whether  in 
case  of  a  military  exigency  there  could  be  drawn  from  more  than  one 
or  two  regiments  of  the  line,  officers  and  men  competent  to  assume 
military  supervision  over  telegraphic  comnumications  within  their 
hearing. 

It  is  evident,  therefore,  that  expert  signaling  or  telegraphy  must 
devolve  on  the  Signal  Corps,  v/hose  restricted  numbers  and  widely 
separated  stations  would  render  extended  work  impracticable  in  any 
sudden  emergency.  As  a  matter  of  professional  caution,  the  chief 
signal  offi.cer  has  ascertained  tlie  names  and  recorded  the  degree  of 
proficiency  in  telegraphy  of  such  officers  and  men  of  the  line  as  exhibit 
a  marked  degree  of  aptitude.  In  this  manner  the  services  of  such  can 
be  i>romi)tly  made  available  for  connnands  needing  exjierts  for  imme- 
diate service.  Information  of  similar  tenor  has  been  obtained  from 
the  inspector-general-s  department,  who  have  insjiected  methods  and 
extent  of  instruction  in  military  signaling  in  the  line  of  the  Army  to  the 
advantage  of  this  corps. 

SIGNAL   EQUIPMENTS. 

For  the  first  time  in  its  history  the  7\rmy  is  equipped  with  sufficient 
instruments  for  ordinary  practice  and  instruction. 

The  great  importance  of  replacing  the  objectionable  torch  by  a  sig- 
nal lantern,  fit  for  reliable  communication  at  distances  up  to  20  iniles, 
is  fully  recognized,  and  recent  experiments  indicate  an  early  and  sat- 
isfactory solution  of  the  problem. 

The  equipment  of  field  glasses,  which  for  years  was  sadly  deficient 
in  quantity,  has  been  gradually  increased,  so  that  tliere  is  now  about 
one  field  glass  to  every  four  line  ofiicers,  instead  of  one  to  every  fif- 
teen, as  in  1887.  The  inability  of  the  Signal  Corj^ts  toeqfiip  our  scout- 
ing officers  Avith  field  glasses,  through  lack  of  appropriation  in  past 
years,  Avorked  pecuniary  hardship  upon  officers  of  the  line  who  have 
been  compelled  to  piu'chase  private  glasses  at  a  high  price  for  official 
use  without  even  being  permitted  to  procure  them  from  the  Signal 
Corps  at  cost.    It  appears  indisputable  that  the  Signal  Corps  should 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  341 

be  able  to  furiiisli  two  field  glasses  to  every  company  of  cavalry  and 
to  such  companies  of  infantry  as  are  liable  to  be  called  upon  for  field 
service. 

The  field  gl'iss  for  ordinary  issue  is  a  six-lens,  low-power  glass, 
selected  by  a  board  of  experts  from  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  differ- 
ent patterns.  It  is  as  good  a  glass  as  can  noAV  be  obtained  for  general 
use,  but  it  is  necessarily  a  compromise,  since  it  is  impracticable  to 
obtain  sharp  definition,  high  power,  good  light,  and  extended  field  in 
any  single  glass;  consequently  these  qualities  have  been  combined  with 
a  regard  to  their  importance  in  the  order  given  above.  There  have 
also  been  purchased  for  special  use  some  glasses  of  sharp  definition 
and  high  power,  7  {i.  e.,  seven  times  the  capacity  of  the  uuassisted 
eye);  and  efforts  are  being  made  to  procure  a  free-hand  field  glass  of 
extended  field,  moderate  power,  and  good  definition. 

The  material  reduction  in  the  price  of  aluminium  has  made  it  possi- 
ble for  the  Signal  Corps  to  purchase  field  glasses  in  frames  of  this 
metal.  Their  lightness  (the  weight  being  only  half  that  of  the  ordi- 
nary metals)  enables  the  observer  to  use  the  glass,  free  hand,  for  a 
considerable  time  without  fatigue,  and  if  these  frames  prove  durable 
they  will  ultimately  replace  the  brass. 


EXPERIMENTAL   CITY  LINES. 

In  connection  with  the  dedication  exercises  of  the  World's  Columbian 
Exposition,  Capt.  James  Allen,  Signal  Corps,  chief  signal  officer, 
Department  of  the  Missouri,  availed  himself  of  the  presence  of  Lieut. 
Maxfield  and  the  Signal  Corps  detatchment  from  Fort  Eiley  to  plan 
andoperatea  line  of  military  intercommunication  comprising  the  greater 
part  of  the  limits  of  Chicago.  Under  his  orders  a  telegraph  office  was 
established  near  the  headquarters  of  the  commanding  officer  in  the 
Mines  building,  and  direct  connection  made  Avith  the  Western  Union 
telegraph  office.  This  office  was  maintained  during  the  entire  time  the 
troops  were  in  Chicago  and  transacted  a  considerable  amount  of  offi- 
cial business  in  connection  with  the  movement  of  troops,  furnishing 
supplies,  etc.  From  the  same  office  a  military  telegraph  line  was  con- 
structed to  Washington  Park  and  officers  established  at  the  saluting 
battery  at  a  point  midway  down  the  line  of  formation  of  the  troops  and 
at  the  northwest  corner  of  Washington  Park. 

This  system  of  connecting  the  headquarters  of  different  commands 
with  the  established  line  of  commercial  telegraph,  together  with  con- 
necting outpost  cable  system  (telephone)  with  the  telephone  exchange 
of  the  city,  will  be  important  in  connection  with  the  employment  of 
troops  in  the  suppression  of  disorder  in  cities,  as  furnishing  a  certain 
and  speedy  means  of  obtaining  accurate  reports  at  headquarters  as  to 
the  condition  of  affairs  from  all  sections. 

This  system  Avas  established  on  the  date  referred  to  through  the 
courtesy  and  hearty  cooperation  of  Mr.  E.  C.  Clowry,  vice-presideiit  of 
the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company,  and  other  officials  of  that 
company. 

In  establishing  the  telegraphic  means  of  communication  in  connec- 
tion with  the  opening  ceremonies  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposi- 
tion, the  necessity  of  trained  men  and  permanent  means  of  transporta- 
tion was  again  made  evident.  Wagons  could  not  be  obtained  quickly 
when  needed,  and  there  was  no  time  to  instruct  men  detailed  from  the 
companies  to  assist  in  the  construction. 


342  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

The  Chief  Signal  Officer  urgently  recommends  that  a  field  train, 
fully  equip])ed  and  furnished  Avith  a  full  complement  of  officers,  men, 
and  horses  be  stationed  at  some  post  in  the  Department  of  Missouri. 

The  present  Signal  Corps  is  necessarily  a  skeleton  i)eace  organiza- 
tion, but  from  time  to  time  a  company  of  cavahy  or  a  detachment  ot 
unassigned  recruits  should  be  detailed  for  signal  duty  for  the  period 
of  a  year  or  more,  so  as  to  both  insure  familiarity  with  field  condi- 
tions, and  also  afford  opportunities  to  work  out  military  problems, 
involving  speedy  intercommunication  under  varying  and  difficult  con- 
ditions. It  is  only  by  practice  and  experiment  under  conditions  simu- 
lating actual  hostilities,  that  any  special  corps  of  the  Army  can  make 
itself  fitted  for  its  inimary  and  destined  occupation,  that  of  making- 
war.  The  Signal  Corps  is  the  only  branch  of  the  Army  that  has  not 
now  such  opportunity,  its  small  force  of  sergeants  being  eagerly  and 
persistently  sought  for  by  the  commanding  officers  of  the  more  impor- 
tant posts  of  the  Army. 

EXTENDED   HELIOGKAPK  PRACTICE. 

His  important  duties  in  charge  of  the  systems  of  military  telegraph 
lines  in  his  department,  have  not  prevented  First  Lieut.  Frank  Greene, 
Signal  Corps,  Chief  Signal  Officer,  Department  of  Arizona,  from  dis- 
playing his  activity  and  zeal  in  connection  with  the  signal  practice  of 
the  line,  in  camp  and  in  field.  Acting  under  the  direction  of  his  depart- 
ment commander.  Gen.  Alexander  McDowell  McCook,  steps  were 
taken  to  test  the  proficiency  of  the  signal  detachments  at  posts  along 
the  southern  border  of  the  department.  Under  Lieut.  Greene's  instruc- 
tions a  series  of  heliograi)h  stations  were  simultaneously  occupied  from 
Mount  Graham,  near  Fort  Grant,  westward  to  Table  Mountain,  thence 
south waid  to  Fort  Huachuea  and  thence  eastAvard  to  Fort  Bayard,  an 
aggregate  distance  of  40C  miles.  Nine  heliograph  stations  Avere  occu- 
pied Avith  a  notice  of  a  few  days  only  and  Avithont  preliminary  recon- 
noissance.  The  orders  Avere  unannounced  and  unexpected.  Many  of 
the  officers  and  men  Avere  unfamiliar  Avith  the  points  occupied,  yet  by 
means  of  the  excellent  heliograph  map  of  the  department  and  the  accu- 
rate compass  bearings  furnislied,  communication  was  promptly  oi)ened 
at  the  exact  time  specified.  Capt.  F.  K.  Ward,  First  Cavalry,  charged 
with  the  Avorking  superintendence  of  these  lines  is  entitled  to  much 
credit  for  his  successful  supervision  of  this  work,  during  which, 
ranges  from  L'G  to  6G  miles  vrere  regularly  Avorked  OA'er.  The  following 
officers  are  also  deserA'ing  of  credit  in  connection  Avith  this  work :  Lieuts. 
Furlong  and  Ilartman,  First  CaA'alry;  Lieuts,  Byran,  Hornbrook,  and 
Winn,  Second  CaA'airy ;  Lieuts,  Ham,  Keene,  Jenks,  and  Leitch,  Twen- 
ty-fourth Infantry, 

The  A'alue  and  importance  of  Lieut,  Greene's  plan  is  olwious  when  it 
is  considered  that  far  the  greater  j^art  of  the  Department  of  Arizona 
is  coA'cred  by  carefully  determined  and  avcII  selected  points  from  which 
can  be  observed  the  moA'cments  of  any  command,  Indian  or  white, 
whereby  the  department  commander  can  be  keptadAised  of  any  hostile 
moA'cments,  and  thus  act  iiitelligentl^y  in  operating  against  an  enemy. 
It  is  pertinent  to  recall  that  the  judicious  distribution  of  heliograph 
stations  in  this  region  by  IMaj,  Gen,  Kelson  A,  Miles  contributed  mate- 
rially to  the  successful  and  speedy  issue  of  the  Geronimo  campaign. 

TARGET  RANGES. 

All  the  target  ranges  of  importance,  are  equipped  with  telephones  or 
other  i)referred  methods.    The  transmitters  and  receivers  owned  by  the 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  343 

United  states  of  earlier  pattern,  and  in  some  instances  difficult  of 
manipulation,  have  been  thoroug^lily  overhauled  during  the  year.  Tele- 
phones and  transmitters  of  the  latest  patterns  are  in  use  at  the  most 
iuaportant  ranges. 

As  regards  meteorological  instruments,  modifications  have  been 
matle  in  forms  of  equipment,  and  such  devices  inaugurated  as  greatly 
facilitate  the  necessary  observations.  The  adoption  of  the  sling  psychro- 
meter  and  the  compensated  aneroid  materiallj' reduce  and  facilitate  the 
work  of  the  marksman,  particularly  on  artillery  ranges.  The  automatic 
I'egister  for  the  anemometer  renders  it  possible  to  determine  the  velo- 
city of  the  wind  almost  instantaneously;  in  from  ten  to  thirty  seconds, 
depending  upon  the  velocity.  While  the  register  is  expensive,  yet  it  is 
now  being  supplied  to  all  the  larger  artillery  posts. 

At  the  request  of  the  Commanding  General  of  the  Army,  a  meteorolog- 
ical text-book  for  gunners  of  artillery  has  been  prepared  by  Capt.  Charles 
E.  Kilbourue,  Signal  Corps,  whose  varied  and  efficient  services,  both 
as  an  artillery  officer  and  also  as  a  meteorologist,  peculiarly  qualified 
him  for  this  technical  -work.  These  carefully  prepared  instructions  met 
the  approval  of  the  Major-General  Commanding  the  Armj^,  and  have 
been  i)ublislied  during  the  year. 

CABLES  FOR  HAREOR   DEFENSES. 

The  obvious  necessity  of  concerted  action  to  successful  harbor  defense 
renders  it  an  imperative  duty  to  establish  means  of  reliable  and  instant 
connimnication  between  all  the  important  forts  and  harbor  defenses  ot 
our  great  cities.  The  subject  is  one  ixither  within  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  Board  on  Permanent  Fortifications,  but  the  Chief  Signal  Officer  has 
thought  it  his  duty  to  advance  this  matter  by  a  special  estimate  for 
$20,000  to  initiate  such  a  system  of  military  cables  and  connecting  land 
lines  in  ISTew  York,  Boston,  and  San  rrancisco  as  in  the  judgment  of 
the  board  should  be  necessa^ry. 

world's   C0LU3IBIAN  EXPOSITION. 

As  full  an  exhibit  of  the  working  devices  of  the  Signal  Corps  of  the 
Army  as  was  practicable,  and  of  works  of  interest  connected  with  the 
history  of  the  Corps,  has  been  made  at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposi- 
tion under  the  supervision  of  Capt.  E.  E.  Thompson,  Signal  Corps. 
The  exhibit  has  elicited  favorable  comments  from  militarj'  experts  and 
other  interested  visitors.  The  subject  will  be  more  freely  treated  m 
the  next  Annual  Eeport,  when  Capt.*  Thompson  shall  have  rendered  his 
final  detailed  report  after  the  close  of  the  Exposition. 

MILITARY  COLLEGES. 

Very  great  interest  in  signaling  has  sprung  up  among  students  at 
colleges  having  military  instructoi'S  from  the  Army.  Twenty-two  such 
institutions  have  been  as  liberally  supplied  with  signal  appliances  and 
miiterial  as  a  due  regard  for  the  interests  of  the  Armj^  would  permit. 
Most  of  the  supplies  issued  are  of  obsolete  x^attern,  but  even  of  these 
the  demand  far  exceeds  the  supply. 

THE  NATIONAL  3IILITIA. 

The  Chief  Signal  Officer  has  lost  no  occasion  to  cultivate  the  most 
cordial  relations  with  the  militia  and  National  Guard  of  the  various 


344  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

States,  This  lias  been  officially  possible  as  the  interest  in  signaling, 
which  suddenly  developed  several  years  ago  in  the  i!N"at!onal  Guard  of 
several  States,  has  proved  to  be  permanent.  Eequests  for  signal 
equii)ments  and  for  instructions  as  to  methods  of  operation  and  nian- 
ageuient  are  frequent,  despite  the  discouraging  answers  necessarily 
made.  Information  is  promptly  and  fully  given,  but  unfortunately  the 
Sign.al  Corps  is  not  authorized  under  existing  law  to  issue  equipments 
for  the  use  of  the  militia.  Over  half  the  States  have  asked  for  signal 
equipments  and  stores  with  the  expectation  and  desire  that  the  cost 
thereof  should  be  charged  against  their  allotment  of  the  permanent 
appropriations  made  by  Congress  for  the  militia  of  the  country. 
Desi)ite  the  inability  of  the  militia  to  procure  signal  equii)ments  under 
the  same  regulations  as  govern  the  issue  of  other  military  stores  sig- 
nal corps  have  been  organized  in  several  States,  although  necessarily 
equipped  at  private  expense. 


ESTIMATES. 

After  careful  consideration  the  estimates  for  the  regular  expenses 
of  the  Signal  Corps  during  the  liscal  year  ending  June  30,  1885,  were 
reduced  belowthe  current  appropriation,  the  sum  askedfor  being  $21,500 
against  -f  22,000  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1891.  The  new  mil- 
itary telegraph  line,  about  112  miles  in  length,  between  Forts  Kinggold 
and  Mcintosh,  Tex.,  is  being  constructed  under  such  favorable  terms 
as  leaves,  from  the  pet-manent  speciiic  appropriation  therefor,  unex- 
pended moneys  sufficient  for  Ihe  maintenance  of  the  line  during  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1894. 

A.  W.  Geeelt, 
Chief  Signal  Officer. 

The  Secretary  of  War. 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  THE  RECORD   AND    PENSION 

DIVISION. 

/  Record  and  Pension  Office, 

War  Department,. 

October  25,  1893. 

Sir  :  In  the  last  annual  report  of  the  Record  and  Pension  Office, 
which  was  also  the  first  annual  report  of  the  office  as  now  constituted 
by  law,  considerable  space  was  given  to  the  conditions  preceding  and 
resulting  in  the  i)resent  organization  and  to  the  results  accomplished 
by  the  new  methods  of  business  adopted,  which  were  described  some- 
what in  detail.  It  was  shown  that  within  three  months  after  the  organ- 
ization of  what  now  constitutes  the  Record  and  Pension  Office  the 
arrears  of  more  than  40,000  cases  on  hand  at  the  date  of  organization,  in 
July,  1889,  had  been  disposed  of  and  that  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  years 
ended  June  30,  1800,  June  30,  1891,  and  June  30, 1892,  not  a  single  case 
of  any  kind  remained  on  hand  and  undisposed  of. 

During  the  last  fiscal  year  the  same  methods  of  business  have  been 
continued  and  with  the  same  satisfactory^  results.  The  current  work 
of  the  office  has  been  kept  closely  up  to  date,  all  inquiries  and  other 
cases  for  action  having  been  promjitly  answered  and  disposed  of,  gen- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  345 

erally  within  twenty-four  hours  from  the  time  of  their  receipt,  while, 
with  the  exception  of  a  short  interval,  hereinafter  to  be  referred  to, 
when  intermitted  by  a  serious  calamity  that  befell  the  working-  force, 
the  clerks  not  required  for  the  transaction  of  the  current  business  have 
been  kept  constantly  employed  in  the  work  of  reproducing,  by  the 
index-record  card  system,  the  military  records  of  officers  and  enlisted 
men  contained  in  the  worn  and  mutilated  rolls  of  the  volunteer  armies. 
The  cases  received  and  disposed  of  during  the  year  were,  in  detail 
and  by  classification,  as  follows: 

From  the  Peusiou  Office 137, 563 

From  the  Secoml  Auditor 27,  759 

Remaster  cases 2, 18G 

Desertion  cases 7,  438 

All  other  cases,  miscellaneous 28,  758 

Total 203,701 

Cases  on  liand  June  30,  1893 None. 

By  a  comparison  of  these  figures  with  those  given  in  the  last  annual 
report  it  will  be  observed  that  there  has  been  a  reduction  in  the  num- 
ber of  cases  received  during  the  last  fiscal  year  as  compared  with  the 
number  received  duiing  the  three  years  next  preceding.  This  reduc- 
tion is  due  largely  to  the  fact  that  the  bulk  of  the  pension  claims  arising 
under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  has  apparently  been  filed  and  the 
required  reports  of  military  service  have  been  furnished  to  the  Com- 
missioner of  Pensions.  But  the  reduction  in  labor  is  more  apparent 
than  real,  and  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  the  number  of  cases  and 
the  actual  labor  required  for  their  disposition  will  be  considerably  in- 
creased during  the  x)resent  fiscal  year.  Under  a  recent  ruling  of  the 
Interior  Department  as  to  the  proper  construction  of  the  act  cited  (that 
of  June  27, 1890)  the  claims  of  surviving  soldiers  arising  under  that  act 
which  have  already  been  reported  on  are  being  reconsidered,  and  it  is 
believed  that  a  majority  of  the  cases  in  which  certificates  have  been 
issued  will  be  again  referred  to  this  office  for  the  full  military  and  med- 
ical history  of  the  claimants.  These  cases  are  now  being  received  in 
large  numbers,  and  as  they  require  for  their  reconsideration  a  much 
more  comprehensive  report  than  was  necessary  to  their  original  adjudi- 
cation under  the  then  existing  jDractice  of  the  Pension  Bureau,  they 
will  add  very  largely  to  tlic  labor  of  this  office,  es])ecially  as  they  are 
so  much  in  addition  to  the  ordinary  current  work  to  be  expected  from 
the  filing  of  new  claims  under  both  the  old  law  and  the  new. 

The  actual  labor  of  the  office  has  been,  and  is  being,  considerably 
augmented  by  the  act  of  July  27,  1892,  giving  a  i^ensionable  status  to 
the  survivors  of  the  various  Indian  wars  and  to  the  widows  and  ori^haus 
of  the  officers  and  enlisted  men  who  served  in  those  wars.  This  labor 
consists  not  so  much  in  the  preparation  of  military  histories  of  officers 
and  men  as  in  the  determination  of  questions  frequently  arising  as  to 
whether  or  not  the  soldier,  or  the  organization  to  which  he  belonged,  was 
in  the  military  service  of  the  United  States  at  the  time  the  service  was 
rendered,  and  whether  he  served  the  requisite  time  to  give  him  a  -pen- 
sionable  status  under  the  law.  The  determination  of  these  questions  is 
often  difficult  and  perplexing  by  reason  of  the  meager  and  imperfect 
character  of  the  records  of  the  militia  and  volunteer  organizations 
employed  for  short  periods  and  at  intervals  during  the  Indian  disturb- 
ances, involving,  in  many  instances,  a  laborious  and  extended  search  of 
the  ancient  records  of  departmental  correspondence,  state  papers  and 
the  enactments  of  Congress. 

Besides  these  questions  connected  with  service  in  the  Indian  wars, 


346  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

similar  questions  relating  to  troops  employed  during  tlie  war  of  tlie 
rebellion  are  constantly  arising,  the  determination  of  wLicli,  as  well  as 
many  others  not  easily  classilied,  involves  an  amount  of  labor  not 
adequately  represented  in  statistical  reports  of  cases  received  and  dis- 
posed of. 

INDEX-EECORD   CARD   WOUK. 

The  work  of  reproducing  the  individual  military  records  of  officers 
and  enlisted  men  of  the  volunteer  service  by  the  index-record  card 
system  was  fully  described  in  the  last  annual  rei:)ort.  At  the  close  of 
tiie  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1892,  the  rolls  of  all  the  States  but 
Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illinois  had  been  carded  according 
to  this  system.  Work  had  also  been  begun  on  the  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. During  the  last  tiseal  year  the  rolls  of  Pennsjivania,  Ohio,  and 
Indiana  were  carded,  and  work  was  begun  on  the  records  of  Illinois. 
At  the  date  of  this  report  work  on  the  rolls  of  the  latter  State  is  in 
lirogress  and  wOl  be  completed  within  a  few  weeks,  leaving  of  the 
volunteer  rolls  now  on  file  in  this  Department  to  be  included  in  the 
card  system,  those  of  the  Veteran  Eeserve  Corps  and  other  United 
States  .volunteers,  besides  the  post,  detachment,  and  miscellaneous 
rolls.     These  are  of  uncertain  quantity,  difficult  of  estimation. 

During  the  last  Congress,  by  an  enactment  approved  July  27,  1892, 
it  was  provided  "that  the  military  records  of  the  American  Eevolution 
and  of  the  war  of  1812,  now  preserved  in  the  Treasury  and  Interior 
Departments,  be  transferred  to  the  War  Department,  to  be  preserved 
in  the  Eecord  and  Pension  Division  [Office]  of  that  Department,  and 
that  they  shall  be  properly  indexed  and  arranged  for  use." 

The  records  whose  reproduction  by  the  index-record  card  system  is 
contemplated  by  this  enactment  have  not  yet  been  transferred  to  this 
Department,  and,  their  volume  not  being  known,  the  time  required  to 
include  them  in  the  general  system  of  index-record  cards  can  not  be 
estimated  with  any  degree  of  accuracy. 

It  may  here  be  remarked  that  the  value  and  utility  of  this  system  of 
reproducing  and  i^reserving  the  records  of  the  military  service  is 
becoming  more  manifest  as  the  work  approaches  completion  and  the 
results  are  nmde  available  in  the  current  business  of  tlie  Department. 
Besides  the  iireservation  of  the  original  records  from  destruction  and 
the  advantages  afforded  for  the  discovery  and  reproduction  of  individ- 
ual military  histories,  as  pointed  out  in  former  reports,  much  has  been 
gained,  by  the  scrutiny  to  which  the  records  have  been  subjected,  in  a 
more  perfect  knowledge  of  the  real  status  of  military  and  semi-military 
organizations  and  their  individual  members;  and  in  numerous  instances 
it  has  been  discovered  that  organizations  which  were  not  in  the  military 
service  of  the  United  States  have  in  the  i)ast  been  given  recognition,  by 
departmental  action,  as  United  States  troops,  while  other  troops,  which 
have  heretofore  been  denied  recognition  as  United  States  soldiers, 
have,  upon  investigation,  been  found  to  be  entitled  to  such  recognition. 
In  such  cases  the  rolls  of  the  former  class  of  troops  have  been  placed 
where  they  will  receive  only  the  consideration  to  which  they  are  enti- 
tled, while  those  of  tlie  latter  class  have  been  given  a  place  with  the 
records  of  troops  in  the  United  States  service.  This  determination  of 
the  military  status  of  the  several  classes  of  .troops  has  been  an  impor- 
tant feature  of  tlie  carding  of  the  records,  and  one  that  has  required 
much  time  and  research  for  its  accomidishment. 

During  the  fiscal  year  8,421,178  index-record,  cards  were  made  and 
lilaced  on  file.    This  number,  added  to  the  cards  filed  in  previous  years, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  347 

makes  a  total  of  35,099,755  iiulex-record  cards,  and  all  so  filed  that  the 
cards  relatiug  to  any  one  individual  soldier  can  readily  be  found. 

DISASTER  AT  TEA'TH  STREET  BUILDING. 

Kefereuce  has  beeu  made  in  tliis  report  to  a  serious  calamity  that  has 
befallen  the  clerical  force  of  the  ofQce  during  the  past  year  and  by 
i-eason  of  which  the  work  of  carding  the  military  records  was  tempo- 
rarily interrupted.  On  the  9th  of  June,  1893,  at  about  10  o'clock  a.  m., 
while  the  clerks  in  the  building  on  Tenth  street,  known  as  Ford's  Thea- 
ter building,  were  engaged  in  their  work,  portions  of  the  floors  of  the 
second  and  third  stories  of  the  building  fell,  carrying  with  them  many 
of  the  clerks  and  resulting  in  the  death  (immediately  or  within  a  few 
days  thereafter)  of  tAventy-two  persons  and  the  more  or  less  serious 
maiming  of  many  others. 

This  terrible  disaster  was  the  more  appalling  because  danger  had 
not  been  anticipated.  The  building  was  an  old  one,  but  had  been 
repeatedly  examined  by  experts  and  pronounced  entirely  safe.  It  was 
purchased  by  the  Government  in  ISOG,  was  entirely  remodeled,  and  has 
sirice  been  used  by  the  War  Department  for  various  purposes,  princi- 
pally for  the  storage  of  the  Arny  Medical  Museum,  the  library  of  the 
{Surgeon-General's  office,  the  medical  records  of  the  Army  and  the 
accommodation  of  the  officers  and  clerks  employed  in  connection  there- 
with. Some  time  after  the  building  came  into  the  possession  of  the 
Government  a  considerable  expenditure  was  nmde  upon  it  in  the  way 
of  thoroughly  strengthening  its  walls,  and  for  many  years  subsequently 
its  floors  bore  with  perfect  safety  the  immense  weight  of  the  museum, 
library,  and  hospital  records,  but  all  of  these  had  been  removed  from 
the  building  several  years  before  the  catastrophe  occurred. 

As  the  weight  of  the  clerks  employed  in  the  building  was  many  times 
less  than  that  removed  therefrom,  there  was  no  ground  for  ai)prehension 
that  the  building  was  not  a  safe  one  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  has 
latterly  been  used,  viz,  for  office  purposes  for  the  use  of  clerks  and  the 
storage  of  the  few  recortls  upon  which  they  were  at  the  time  being- 
engaged  in  copying.  For  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  the  clerks  so 
employed  it  became  desirable  to  supply  the  building  with  electric  lights 
and  ventilating  fans,  and  for  this  purpose  an  excavation  was  made 
under  the  building  by  a  contractor  to  whom  this  necessary  part  of  the 
work  had  been  intrusted.  This  work  included  the  underpinning  of 
certain  piers  upon  which  the  floors  in  part  rested,  and  it  was  during  the 
progress  of  this  work,  and  probably  in  consequenceof  it,  that  the  disaster 
occurred.  In  a  substantial  building  as  this  was  known  to  be,  and  under 
the  superintendence  of  a  competent  builder,  there  was  no  reason  to 
believe  that  the  work  was  not  entirely  safe  and  free  from  danger  to  the 
persons  occupying  the  building  at  the  time.  That  the  confidence  felt 
in  the  safety  of  the  building  during  the  progress  of  this  work  was  not 
well  founded  is  shown  by  the  unfortunate  results  that  followed. 

The  families  of  some  of  the  killed  in  this  most  deplorable  accident  are 
understood  to  be  in  a  destitute  condition,  and  the  widows  and  orphans 
of  those  whose  lives  were  thus  sacrificed  in  the  public  service,  and  those 
who  were  seriously  injured,  are  earnestly  commended  to  the  generosity 
of  the  Government. 

Very  respectfully, 

F.  0.  AiNSWORTH, 

Colo7ieJ,  U.  8.  Army,  Chief,  Record  and  Pension  Office. 
The  Secretary  of  War. 


348  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


REPOET  OF  PUBLICATION  OF  WAR  RECORDS. 

War  Department,  War  Records  Office, 

Washington,  June  30,  1S93. 

Sir:  The  Board  of  Publication  of  the  Official  Records  of  tlie  Rebel- 
lion begs  leave  to  submit  the  following  report  of  its  operations  during 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893 : 

Eleven  thousand  copies  each  of  Volumes  xxxix,  Parts  ii  and  iri; 
XL,  Parts  I,  II,  and  iii,  and  XLi,  Parts  i  and  ii,  and  7,500  copies  each 
of  the  reprint  of  Volumes  i  to  v,  inclusive  (authorized  by  the  act  of 
August  5,  1892,  for  the  purpose  of  completing  incomplete  sets),  have 
been  printed  and  bound  by  the  Public  Printer,  and  have  been  deliv- 
ered to  and  distributed  from  the  document  room  of  the  War  Records 
Oftice  during  the  year  ending  June  30,  1893.  Five  more  volumes  were 
I^rinted  and  are  in  different  stages  of  indexing  at  the  close  of  the  year. 
These  boohs  cover  the  operations  in  Kentucky,  southwest  Virginia, 
Tennessee,  Mississippi,  Alabama,  and  north  Georgia  (the  Atlanta 
campaign  excepted),  INfay  1  to  November  13,  1801;  the  operations  in 
southeast  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  June  13  to  July  31,  1804  (in- 
cluding Richmond,  Petersburg,  etc.);  the  operations  in  Louisiana  and 
the  transmississippi  States,  etc.,  July  1  to  December  31,  1864;  the 
oi^erations  in  Southeast  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  August  1  to 
December  31,  18G4  (including  Richmond,  Petersburg,  etc.);  the  opera- 
tions in  northern  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  Maryland,  and  Pennsylva- 
nia, August  4  to  December  31,  1864  (including  Opequon,  Fisher's  Hill, 
Cedar  Creek,  etc.). 

Of  the  edition  authorized  by  the  act  of  August  5,  1892,  for  the  use 
of  Congress,  500  copies  each  of  38  books  have  been  printed,  and  17  of 
these  have  been  bound,  and  distributed  through  the  document  rooms 
of  the  House  and  Senate. 


Satisfactory  progress  has  been  made  in  the  work  of  indexing  the  Con- 
federate Archives.  A  modification  of  the  excellent  system  of  card  in- 
dexing now  in  use  in  the  Record  and  Pension  Oflice  has  been  applied 
to  the  letters,  orders,  vouchers,  muster  rolls  and  returns  which  make 
up  the  collection,  and  it  is  hoped  to  finish  the  work  during  the  coming- 
fiscal  year. 

Tlie  inquiry  instituted  by  this  ofQce  to  ascertain  w^hat  societies  or , 
persons  v.ere  entitled  to  receive  the  reprint  of  the  volumes  authorized 
at  the  first  session  of  the  Fifty-second  Congress  has  developed  the  fact 
tUjit  about  500  of  the  original  11,000  beneficiaries  have,  by  reason  of 
death  or  removal,  ceased  to  receive  the  sets  originally  assigned  them. 
The  result  is  that,  beginning  with  Volume  xxx,  there  are  on  hand  500 
sets  of  the  work  which  are  not  available  for  distribution  on  account  of 
the  absence  of  the  earlier  volumes.  As  the  stereotype  plates  have  been 
Xn^eserved,  it  is  estimated  that  it  will  cost  less  than  50  cents  per  volume 
to  reprint  these  books,  and  thus  conqdete  and  make  available  for  dis- 
tribution the  sets  to  which  they  belong.  It  is  therefore  respectfully 
recommended  that  authority  be  obtained  for  reprinting  500  copies  of 
Volumes  i  to  xxx,  inclusive,  with  a  view  to  their  distribution  by  mem- 
bers of  the  Fifty-third  Congress. 

The  inquiry  for  complete  sets  of  the  work,  and  for  separate  volumes, 
from  societies  and  individuals  who  desire  to  purchase  them,  steadily 
increases.    To  meet  this  demand  it  is  respectfully  recommended  that 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR. 


349 


autliority  be  obtained  for  iirintiiig  1,000  copies  of  the  entire   work 
from  the  plates  now  in  tlie  hands  of  the  Public  Printer. 

In  closing,  it  again  gives  the  Board  great  x)leasnre  to  recognize  the 
efficient  assistance  it  has  received  from  the  officers  engaged  on  the 
work,  and  from  the  employes  connected  with  the  different  departments 
of  the  office.  Their  labors  have  been  zealous  and  untiring  and  the 
services  rendered  by  them  have  been  entirely  satisfoctory. 

Geo.  B.  Daa^s, 
Major  and  Judge-Advocate  TJ.  8.  Army. 
Leslie  J.  Perry, 

Civilian  Expert. 

J.  W.  KiRKLEY, 

Civilian  Expert. 
The  Secretary^  of  War. 


KEPORT    OF    THE   BOAPvD    OF    COMMISSIONEES    OF    THE 

SOLDIERS  HOME. 

The  Soldiers'  Home, 
Office  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners, 

Washington,  D.  C,  October  23,  1893. 
Sir  :  In  compliance  with  section  1  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved 
March  3,  1883,  prescribing  regulations  for  the  Soldiers'  Home  in  the 
District  of  Columbia,  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report 
of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  the  Soldiers'  Home  for  the  year 
ended  September  30,  1893: 

The  following  statement  shows  the  gain  and  loss  in  the  number  of 
inmates  during  the  year: 


On  the  rolls  September  30, 1892. 

AflTnitted  since 

lieadiuitted  since 


Total. 


Eegnlar. 


Witlidra-wn  from  the  Homo  . .. 

Dropped,  dismissed,  etc 

Died 

Transferred  to  permanent  roll 


Total 

]S' umber  on  the  roll  September  30, 1893 


980 
173 
171 


153 

110 

51 


Tem- 
porary. 


209 
339 


317 


548 


261 

10 

204 


475 


1,007 


73 


Total. 


1,189 
512 

171 


1,872 


153 

371 

Gl 

201 


792 


1,080 


The  total  number  of  inmates  September  30, 1893  (1,080),  are  accounted 
for  as  follows :  Present  at  the  Home,  710 ;  on  outdoor  relief,  299 ;  on  fur- 
lough, 45 ;  in  the  Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  18 ;  suspended,  8. 
The  daily  average  number  of  inmates  during  the  year  was  751;  last 
year,  745,  and  the  i^receding  year,  718. 

Of  the  04  deaths  reported,  38  died  at  the  Home,  14  were  members 
absent  on  outdoor  relief,  4  in  the  hospital  for  the  insane,  7  in  Wash- 
ington, and  1  was  accidentally  killed  while  on  furlough. 

Temporary  relief  to  destitute  discharged  soldiers  who  were  not 
entitled  to  regular  admission  was  given  during  the  year  to  the  extent 
of  3,720  meals  and  lodgings  for  a  few  nights  to  17G  men. 


350  TAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Outdoor  relief  was  witlidrawn  from  members  wlio  are  either  receiv- 
ing pensions  from  the  Government  of  $8  or  more  per  month  or  who 
have  property  or  employment  which  places  tliem  beyond  actual  need, 
as  such  aid  can  be  given  only  to  men  who  are  in  absolute  need  of 
assistance  to  luaintain  themselves,  the  current  income  of  the  Home  being 
insufiicieut  to  permit  a  more  liberal  extension  of  this  benefit. 

«  *  *  *  *  *  *        , 

The  following  changes  occurred  during  the  year  m  the  Board  of  Com- 
missioners and  the  officers  of  the  Home: 

Brig,  Gen.  Beekman  DuBarry,  commissary-general  of  subsistence, 
retired  December  4,  1892;  was  succeeded  by  Brig.  Gen.  Johii  P.  Haw- 
kins, December  22,  1892. 

Brig.  Gen.  Charles  Sutherland,  surgeon-general,  retired  May  29, 1893; 
was  succeeded  by  Brig.-Geu.  George  M.  Sternberg  May  30, 1893. 

Brig.  Gen.  John  C.  Kelton,  U.  S.  Army  (retired),  governor  of  the 
Home,  died  July  15, 1893,  and  Brig.  Gen.  David  S.  Stanley,  U.  S.  Army 
(retired),  was  appointed  by  the  President  to  succeed  hiin  on  September 
8,  and  entered  upon  his  duties  as  governor  on  September  13,  1893. 

Under  an  opinion  given  by  the  Attornej -General,  the  Acting  Judge- 
Advocate-General  of  the  Army  (Col.  G.  ]S^orman  Lieber)  became  a 
member  of  tlie  Board  of  Commissioners  November  12,  1892. 

The  sanitary  condition  of  the  Home  has  been  excellent  througliout 
the  year  and  there  has  been  no  prevalent  or  ex)idemic  disease  among  the 
inmates. 

Good  discipline,  without  undue  restrictions,  lias  been  maintained 
and  the  inmates  have  been  supplied  with  wholesome,  well-prepared 
food,  comforlable  clothing,  and  excellent  quarters,  with  bathing  facili- 
ties sufficient  to  insure  bodily  cleanliness. 

There  is  a  good  library  at  the  Home,  containing  about  G,000  volumes, 
and  daily  and  weekly  newspapers  and  monthly  magazines  areju-ovided, 
also  billiard  tables  and  various  kinds  of  games,  aftbrdiug  pleasant  pas- 
time to  those  who  desire  to  avail  themselves  of  the  library  and  amuse- 
ment room. 

Very  respectfully, 

J.   M.   ScnOFIELD, 

Major- General  Commandbui  the  Army, 

President  Board  of  Comtnissioners. 
The  Seceetaey  of  War. 


EEPORT  OF  THE   BOARD   OF  VISITOPtS   TO   THE   lUSHTED 
STATES  MILITARY  ACADEMY  FOR  THE  Y^EAR  1893. 

To  the  Secretary  of  War^  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  the  Sjjealrr  of 

the  House  of  Reiyresentatires : 

The  following  report  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  to  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  at  AVest  Point  for  the  year  1893  is  respectfully  sub- 
mitted. 

The  Board  of  Visitors  was  appointed  in  accordance  with  the  provi- 
sions of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States,  sections  1327,  1328, 
and  1329.  These  Statutes  contain  the  authority  for  the  appointment 
of  the  Board,  the  purx)ose  for  which  it  is  appointed^  and  the  nature  and 
scope  of  its  duties. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  351 

NAMES  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  VISITORS. 

Ill  accordance  with  tliese  j'novi.sions  of  the  law  relating  thereto,  the 
following  geiitlcinen  were  appointed  and  requested  to  convene  at  the 
Military  Academy  on  or  before  Junel,  1893: 

APPOINTED   BY   THE   PP.ESIDEXT   OF   THE   UXITED   STATES. 

1.  Hon.  Charles  S.  Faikciuld Jscw  York,  N.  Y. 

2.  Hon .  Hexp.y  L.  Fieuc'e Bo.ston,  Mass. 

3.  Hon.  Fraxk  Thomsox Philadelpliia,  Pa. 

4.  Gen.  A.  C.  McClithg Chicago,  111. 

5.  Rev.  .Joiix  AV.  DixsMOPE San  Jose,  Cal. 

6.  Prof.  Edwix  a.  Aldeumax i.reensboro,  N.  C. 

7.  Hon.  Joiix  P.  Rea Minueapolis',Miuu, 

APPOIXTED   BV   THE   PKESIDEXT   OF   THE    SEXA.TE. 

8.  Hon.  S.  M.  CULLOM Springfield,  HI. 

9.  Hon.  E.  D.  White ....,.- New  Orleans,  La. 

APPOIXTED   BY   THE   SPEAKER   OF   7HE   HOUSE   OF   REPRESEXTATIVES. 

10.  Hon.  Joseph  Wheeler Wheeler,  Ala. 

11.  Hon.  James  S.  Gorman Chelsea,  Mich. 

12.  Hon.  Hexry  H.  Bixgham Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ORGAi^IZATION. 

A  meeting  was  called  in  the  Board  rooms  at  the  West  Point  Hotel  on 
Thursday  afternoon,  June  1,  at  3:30  o'clock. 

A  quorum  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  being  present,  the  Board  was 
organized  by  the  unanimous  selection  of  Hon.  Shelby  M.  Culloin  as 
president.  Hod.  Charles  S.  Fairchild  as  vice-president,  and  Prof.  Edwin 
A.  Alderman  as  secretary. 


WORKING   COMMITTEES   APPOINTED. 

At  the  second  session  of  the  Board  the  president  announced  the  com- 
mittees as  follows : 

Aiypobitments  and  examinations. — Messrs,  Fairchild,  Thomson,  and 
Wheeler. 

JDiscipline  and  instruction. — Messrs.  Wheeler,  Alderman,  and  Dins- 
more. 

Armament  and  equipment. — Messrs.  Eea,  Wliite,  and  Bingham. 

Bnildinfjs, grounds,  and  lights. — Messrs.  Gorman,  Pierce,  and  McClurg. 

ISupplicG  and  expenditures. — Messrs.  Dinsmore,  Thomson,  and  Pierce. 

Fiscal  affairs. — Messrs.  McClurg,  Thomson,  and  Fairchild. 

Miscellaneous  affairs. — Messrs.  Alderman,  Wliite,  and  Cullom. 

The  hour  of  2:30  p.  m.  was  fixed  upon  as  the  time  for  the  daily  meet- 
ing of  the  Board.  The  Hon.  Henry  H.  Bingham  was  prevented  from 
attending  by  serious  illness. 

Hon.  James  S.  Gorman  reported  on  June  2,  and  assumed  his  duties 
as  a  member  of  the  Board. 

TheBonrd  practically  completed  its  labors  on  Saturday,  June  10,  and 
Messrs.  Cullom,  Pierce,  McClurg,  and  Gorman  were  called  away  on 
that  day. 

******* 


352  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


APPOINTMENTS  AND  EXAMINATIONS. 

Committee  on  appoiiitmcnis  and  examinations. — Messrs.  Ciiahles  S.  Faikchild, 
Frank  Tiiojisox,  and  Josi:pii  Wheeler. 

The  committee  on  examinations  and  appointments  reports  tliat  tlie 
individual  members  have  attended  many  of  the  examinations,  and  that 
tliey  were  impressed  with  the  accuracy  of  knowledge  which  the  cadets 
showed  therein;  the  work  done  was  strong  testimony  to  the  thorough- 
ness of  the  instructors' work  as  well  as  to  the  diligence  of  the  students. 

The  only  suggestion  which  the  committee  wislies  to  make  in  this 
regard  is  that  the  cadets  should  he  tauglit  to  enunciate  their  words 
more  clearly  and  distinctly;  where  all  else  is  so  clear  and  exact  a  thick 
and  blurred  utterance  is  all  the  more  marked. 

The  committee  wishes  to  renew  the  recommendations  of  previous 
Boards  of  Visitors  that  the  requirements  for  admission  be  raised  and 
that  the  number  of  cadets  be  gradually  iucreased.  We  regard  it  as  a 
pity  that  the  largest  possible  number  of  youth  should  not  share  the 
advantages  of  the  admirable  plant,  education,  and  training  which  West 
Point  affords.  It  is  also  a  pity  that  the  minds  of  the  young  men  should 
not  have  had  enough  training  and  gained  enough  scoi)e  before  coming 
here  to  enable  them  at  once  upon  enteriug  the  Academy  to  begin  to  get 
the  fullest  benefit  from  the  intellectual  resources  which  are  offered  to 
them.  If  this  were  the  case  it  seems  to  the  committee  that  the  intel- 
lectual life  begun  here  would  continue  and  go  on  to  fuller  develop- 
ment on  the  part  of  more  Army  officers  than  in  the  past. 

Chas.  S,  Fairchild,  Chairman. 
Frank  Thomson. 
Joseph  Wheeler. 


DISCIPLINE  AND  INSTRUCTION. 

Commlttccon  discipline  and  instrnctlon. — Messrs.  Joseph  Wheeler,  Edwix  A.  Alder- 
JiAN,  and  John  W.  Dixsmore. 

Your  committee  has  investigated  the  subjects  within  its  province  and 
is  unable  to  suggest  any  improvement  in  the  methods  of  discipline  at 
the  Military  Academy. 

The  most  able  and  intelligent  administration  of  the  affairs  of  the 
Military  Academy  by  the  Superintendent  and  staff,  the  commandant 
of  cadets,  and  his  assistants  is  worthy  of  the  highest  commendation. 

All  infractions  of  the  rules  arc  certainly  and  lu'omptly  punished  with 
absolute  justice  and  impartiality.  The  committee  is  pleased  to  observe 
that  a  very  high  degree  of  respect  is  entertained  by  the  cadets  toward 
the  officers  and  professors,  and  also  that  these  gentlemen  fully  recip- 
rocate this  ieeliug  and  use  all  proper  efforts  to  impress  young  gentle- 
men with  their  confidence  in  them,  all  of  which  tends  to  increase  man- 
liness and  self-respect  on  the  part  of  the  cadets. 

******* 

The  professors,  assistant  professors,  and  instructors  are  devoted  to 
their  duties  to  the  cadets  and  to  the  institution,  and  their  methods  fully 
attain  the  high  i^urposes  for  Avhich  the  Academy  was  established. 

The  committee  is  of  opinion  that  measures  should  be  adopted  to  give 
the  professors  more  opportunities  to  visit  and  inspect  the  colleges  of 
this  and,  if  possible,  other  countries,  and  as  under  the  present  regular 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  353 

tioiis  assistant  professors  and  instructors  can  only  remain  fonr  years  at 
the  Academy,  it  would  be  advantageous  for  tliem  to  spend  a  year  at 
some  college  of  note  before  commencing  tlieir  four  years'  tour  as  instruct- 
ors at  the  Academy.  The  committee  wishes  it  to  be  fully  understood 
that  this  recommendation  is  not  made  because  it  sees  any  defect  in  the 
system  now  in  vogue  at  West  Point,  whicli  it  regards  as  excellent,  but 
it  thinks,  as  all  the  professors,  except  the  chaplain,  come  from  the  grad- 
uates, that  some  such  measure  should  be  adopted  to  keep  the  Academy 
in  touch  with  other  institutions,  and  to  enable  it  to  avail  itself  of  any 
improvements  which  from  time  to  time  may  be  developed. 

The  committee  llnds  that  between  September  and  January  1  some 
ten  to  twenty  cadets  of  the  fourth  class  very  generally  give  up  their 
studies,  but  remain  at  the  Academy  nntil  the  semiannual  examination. 
They  become  careless  in  conduct,  negligent  in  observance  of  the  regula- 
tions, and  in  a  measure  interfere  with  their  classmates  who  are  devot- 
ing themselves  to  their  studies  and  duties. 

It  is  important  to  reduce  this  evil  to  a  minimum,  and  the  committee 
recommends  that  measures  be  adopted  to  attain  this  end. 

The  committee  has  considered  the  subject  of  an  extension  of  the 
course  of  English  and  history,  but  as  the  committee  is  informed  that 
the  Academic  Board  is  now  earnestly  considering  this  matter  the  com- 
mittee deems  it  best  not  to  submit  any  definite  recommendations. 

#  t4^  ^  4^  4^  VP  * 

In  conclusion  the  committee  can  not  too  highly  exi^ress  its  apprecia- 
tion of  the  ability  and  devotion  displayed  by  the  heads  of  the  various 
departments. 

JoSEPii  WiiEELER,  Chairman. 

Edwix  a.  Aldekmax. 

John  W.  Dinsmore. 

ARMAMENT  AND  EQUIPMENT. 

Commitfee  on  Armament  and  Equipment. — Messrs.  Joiix  P.  Rea,  E.  D.  Wuite, 
aud  Henry  H.  Bixgiiam. 

The  committee  on  armament  and  equipment  respectfully  submits 
the  following  re^jort: 

The  committee  made  as  careful  aud  thorough  examination  of  the 
matters  falling  within  the  scope  of  its  duty  as  the  limited  time  allowed 
permitted. 

The  arms  and  equipments  of  the  cadet  corps  and  of  the  soldiers  sta- 
tioned at  this  post  were  found  in  most  excellent  condition. 

The  cavalry  aud  light  artillery  arms  of  the  service  are  under  very 
efficient  instructors. 

The  work  in  these  two  arms,  however,  is  greatly  embarrassed  by  the 
fact  that  the  same  horses  are  used  in  both. 

Fifty  good  cavalry  horses  should  be  supplied  to  be  used  exclusively 
by  the  cadet  corps  in  the  riding  school  and  for  cavalry  drill. 

Twenty-eight  privates  of  the  cavalry  detachment  are  required  to  act 
as  drivers  of  the  field  artillery  when  on  drill,  and  also  to  care  for  the 
artillery  harness.  This  extra  duty  comx)els  them  to  provide  them- 
selves with  additional  clothing  at  their  own  exjiense.  They  must  have 
both  cavalry  and  artillery  uniforms.  These  men  have  thus  imposed 
upon  them  not  only  extra  duty  but  extra  expense.  They  should  receive 
as  additional  pay  at  least  $G  per  month  for  the  period  (about  five  months 
of  the  year)  in  which  they  do  such  extra  work.  This  would  cost  the 
Government  $840  per  year. 
Ab.  93 23 


354  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Sucli  allowance  would  stiuiiilate  tlie  men  in  their  work,  would  aid  in 
securing-  first-class  drivers  for  tlie  battery,  and  promote  a  higher  state 
of  discii'line  and  instruction. 

Tlie  Military  Academy  band,  which  now  consists  of  24  enlisted  musi- 
cians and  a  leader,  should  be  increased  to  at  least  40  members  and  a 
leader.  It  is  a  good  band,  well  trained  and  equii)ped,  and  handsomely 
uniformed,  but  it  can  never  become  what  it  should  be  as  the  leading 
military  band  of  the  nation  without  a  large  increase  of  members. 

The  committee  would  also  recommend  that  the  band  leader,  who  is 
a  civilian,  be  given  the  rank  and  pay  of  a  second  lieutenant,  to  enable 
him  the  more  efficiently  to  discharge  his  duties. 

A  large  portion  of  the  heavy  guns  at  tliis  post  are  old,  unsafe,  and  of 
types  useless  in  modern  warfare.  Your  committee  would  join  in  the 
recommendations  made  by  previous  boards  that  this  post  be  supplied 
with  new  heavy  ordnance  of  all  classes  and  of  the  best  types  and 
most  improved  patterns,  properly  mounted,  and  that  subcaliber  tubes 
be  furnished  for  the  heavier  guns  for  use  in  target  practice. 

We  also  recommend  that  ihe  Military  Academy  be  furnished  with 
models  of  the  latest  improvements  in  ordnance  as  fast  as  they  can  be 
obtained,  in  order  that  the  cadet  corps  may  be  made  familiar  with  their 
mechanical  details  and  use. 

In  view  of  the  importance  of  the  ordnance  department  in  modern 
warfare,  and  of  the  great  responsibility  resting  upon  the  officer  in 
charge  of  it  at  the  Military  Academy,  we  would  recommend  that  there 
be  placed  at  the  head  of  this  department  a  professor  of  ordnance  and 
artillery,  with  the  rank  and  pay  of  lieutenant-colonel. 


BUILDINGS,  GROUNDS,  AND  LIGHTS. 

Commitice  on  hiiihliitfis,  grounds,  and  lights.— 'Messrs.  James  S.  Goi;man,  H.  L. 
PiEiicK,  iiu<l  A.  C.  McClukg. 

Your  committee  on  buildings,  grounds,  and  lights  reports  that 
the  buildings  in  use  are  in  very  good  condition,  excepting  quarters  for 
married  enlisted  men.  Yourcommittee  very  earnestly  recommendsthat 
these  quarters  be  torn  down  and  rebuilt.  Of  these  buildings  there  are 
nine  sets,  two  families  in  each  set,  being  old  wooden  single  story 
buildings,  in  a  poor  state  of  preservation,  and  so  situated  that  during 
the  wet  seasons  of  the  year  they,  in  a  measure,  act  as  a  catch-basin  for 
the  surface  water  coming  down  the  bluff. 

Your  committee  wishes  to  call  attention  to  the  cavalry  barracks 
and  stable  and  cadets'  riding  hall,  being  the  only  other  buildings  in 
need  of  im])rovement  and  repair.  We  recommend  that  the  porch  on 
the  south  side  and  east  end  of  these  barracks,  as  was  designed  in  the 
original  specifications,  should  now  be  built,  the  cost  of  which  will  no 
doubt  be  submitted  by  the  Suiierintendent. 

We  also  retiommcnd  that  $2,000  be  ai)propriated,  in  addition  to  the 
$450  already  approjjiiated  by  the  iMity-second  Congress,  second  session, 
to  paint  the  exterior  of  tlie  stable  and  whitewash  the  interior  of  the 
same,  and  also  whitewash  the  interior  of  the  cadets'  riding  hall. 

The  interior  walls  of  the  latter  building  were  whitewashed  many 
years  ago,  ajid  it  is  now  chipping  off,  making  the  building  look  very 
dilapidated,  and  the  ceiling  has  never  been  either  whitewashed  or 
painted,  giving  to  the  hall  a  dark  and  gloomy  ai)pearance.  If  white- 
washed, it  is  expected  that  it  will  give  better  light  and  look  more  cheer- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  WAR.  355 

ful  and  be  in  better  keeping  witli  tlie  other  bnildiugs  on  the  grounds. 
The  exterior  of  the  stable  was  painted  with  some  poor  material  about 
fourteen  years  ago,  and  is  now  nearly  half  oil'. 

The  new  academic  building,  for  wliichCou  gross  appropriated  8490,000, 
was  let  by  contract  to  E.  L.  Pennock  &  Bros.,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  for 
$419,000,  work  to  commence  June  15, 1891  (but  it  did  not  commence  until 
two  weeks  later),  the  south  vriug  to  be  completed  and  ready  for  use 
December  1,  1892,  and  the  entire  building  completed  and  ready  for  use 
August  1,  1893.  Failing  to  complete  tbe  building  according  to  con- 
tract, application  was  made  and  the  time  for  completion  of  the  entire 
building  was  extended  to  December  1,  1893.  From  the  calculation 
made  by  Lieut.  Kulin,  the  Government  engineer  in  charge,  taking  as 
a  basis  the  progress  already  made  and  the  fact  that  the  contractors  are 
now  and  have  for  some  ti-ue  been  working  only  six  masons,  at  least  one 
year  more  extension  will  be  necessary  to  complete  the  building.  The 
old  academic  building  being  torn  down  necessarily  incurs  much  incon- 
venience to  both  the  professors  and  cadets  for  lack  of  the  necessary 
room  for  the  classes.  In  this  extension  of  time  the  early  completion  of 
the  south  wing  seems  to  have  been  lost  sight  of.  It  seems  to  the  com- 
mittee that  this  is  very  important,  and  that  the  contractors  should  be 
urged  to  do  all  that  is  x)ossible  to  complete  the  south  wing  at  a  much 
earlier  date  than  the  completion  of  the  whole  building  on  December  1 
of  the  present  year. 

Your  committee  feels  justified  in  recommending  that  no  further  exten- 
sion of  time  for  completion  be  granted  under  any  circumstances,  and 
that  the  i^enalty  clause  in  the  contract  be  enforced  to  the  letter  of  the 
laAv. 

The  new  gas  plant,  for  which  Congres$'  appropriated  $48,250,  was  let 
to  J.J.  Kennedy,  of  Linwood,Pa.,for841,993.  The  specifications  lor  this 
contract  include  new  bnildiug  for  retort  house  and  shop,  and  holder 
with  a  (capacity  of  55,000  cubic  feet,  which,  with  the  two  small  holders 
now  in  use  with  a  capacity  o*f  34,000  cubic  feet,  will  make  a  total  ca- 
pacity in  the  three  holders  of  90,000  cubic  feet.  With  this  volume  of 
gas  all  the  objectionable  features  to  the  present  lighting  will  be  ob- 
viated. By  this  same  contract  the  old  plant  is  to  be  entirely  over- 
hauled and  remodeled,  making  practically  an  entirely  new  gas  plant, 
with  all  the  modern  improvements.  There  is  also  to  be  built  by  this 
contract  a  lime  storehouse,  boiler  house,  and  governor  and  meter 
house.  This  contract  is  to  be  completed  August  22, 1803,  and  no  doubt 
will  be  finished  by  that  date.  The  contract  for  extra  plumbing  was 
let  for  $1,100,  and  will  be  completed  by  September  1  next.  Improved 
gas  chandeliers  have  been  contracted  for  at  a  total  cost  of  $2,080,  to  be 
placed  in  cadet  barracks.  The  total  of  these  contracts  will  make  a 
saving  on  the  appropriation  for  improved  lighting  of  .$3,077. 

Your  committee  recommends  an  appropriation  of  .$40,000  for  the 
remodeUng  of  the  interior  of  the  old  library  building,  with  a  special 
view  of  making  it  fireproof.  There  are  about  34,000  volumes  in  this 
library,  some  of  which  are  very  old  and  of  much  value,  and  vre  specially 
urge  that  immediate  steps  be  taken  to  protect  them,  and  also  to  make 
the  interior  present  an  appearance  in  keeping  with  the  surrounding 
buildings. 

Your  committee  also  recommends  the  building  of  one  set  of  officers' 
quarters,  at  a  cost  not  to  exceed  $7,500. 
All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

Jas.  S.  Gorman,  Chairman. 

H.  L.  Pierce. 

A.  C.  McOi.URG. 


356  PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THE 


SUPPLIES  AND  EXPENDITURES. 

Committee  on  supplies  and  expenditures. — Messrs.  John  W.  Dinsmork,  Frank 
Thomson,  aud  H.  L.  Piekck. 

The  committee  on  supplies  and  expenditures  for  cadets,  liaviug 
attended  to  the  duty  assigned  them,  offers  the  following  report: 

Wo  made  particular  examiuation  of  the  laundry,  the  store,  the 
arraugements  for  boarding  the  cadets,  and  such  other  departments  of 
the  Academy  as  it  was  our  duty  to  inspect. 

We  found  the  laundry  to  be  very  complete  in  all  its  ap])ointments 
and  its  management  all  that  could  be  desired.  The  cadets  are  charged 
a  uniform  price  for  the  work  done,  and  this  is  fixed  as  nearly  as  i)0ssi- 
bic  at  such  a  figure  as  will  make  the  laundry  self-sustaining. 

We  were  much  interested  in  the  methods  employed  in  conducting 
the  store  for  furnishing  supplies  to  cadets.  This  store  contains  a  large 
assortment  of  clothing,  stationery,  and  similar  articles  of  convenience 
or  necessity,  all  of  which  are  purchased  in  large  quantities  and  on  the 
lowest  terms,  and  are  supplied  to  cadets  at  such  aiirice  as  merely  covers 
the  cost  of  i)urchase  and  handling.  The  volume  of  business  is  about 
605,000  annually.  This  store  is  undoubtedly  a  great  convenience  to 
the  cadets,  and  it  seems  to  us  to  be  managed  in  an  admirable  manner. 

The  mess  hall,  kitchen,  and  other  departments  connected  with  the 
subsistence  of  the  cadet  corps  have  been  carefully  inspected  by  the 
committee. 

We  find  that  the  food  supplied  to  the  cadets  is  entirely  satisfactory 
in  respect  of  variety,  quantity,  and  quality,  and  that  the  arraugements 
for  storing,  preparing,  and  serving  it  are  all  that  could  be  desired. 

There  is,  however,  one  thing  connected  with  this  department  of  which 
we  wish  to  speak  with  emphasis.  It  is  the  urgent  need  of  a  new  floor  in 
the  mess  hall.  The  present  floor  is  of  wood,  and  in  order  to  keep  it 
clean  it  must  be  very  frequently  washed  with  water  and  soap.  In  con- 
sequence, it  is  constantly  damp — indeed,  thoroughly  soaked — and  emits 
an  odor  which  is  not  only  very  disagreeable,  but,  as  Ave  believe,  unwhole- 
some. 

Such  a  condition  of  things  would  not  be  endured  in  the  dining  room 
of  any  good  hotel  or  boarding  house  in  the  country.  We  are,  therefore, 
very  decided  and  earnest  in  our  opinion  that  this  floor  should  be  removed 
as  soon  as  possible,  and  that  a  pavement  of  stone  or  black  and  white 
tile  should  be  put  in  its  place. 

The  estimated  cost  of  this  improvement  is  about  $4,000. 

We  regard  this  as  very  important  alike  to  the  health  and  comfort  of 
the  cadets  and  the  credit  of  the  United  States. 

We  can  not  refrain  from  commending  in  the  strongest  terms  the  very 
efficient  administration  of  the  affairs  of  his  department  by  Maj.  W.  F, 
Spurgin,  treasurer,  quartermaster,  and  commissary,  battalion  of  cadets, 
whose  great  courtesy  to  the  committee  is  also  gratefully  acknowledged. 

John  W.  Dinsmore,  Chairman. 
Frank  Thomson. 
H.  L.  Pierce. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR.  357 


FISCAL  AFFAIRS. 

Committee  on  fiscal  affairs.— Uessvs.  A.  C.  McGlurg,  Frank  Tiio.aison,  and 
Charles  S.  FAmcniLD. 

The  committee  on  fiscal  affairs  lias  examined  as  carefully  as  the 
limited  time  at  its  disposal  ^ould  permit  the  books  and  accounts  kept 
hy  Capt.  W.  H.  Miller,  the  quartermaster  and  disbursing  officer  of  the 
post,  and  Maj.  W.  F.  Spurgin,  treasurer  of  the  Military  Academy  and 
quartermaster  and  commissary  of  cadets,  and,  judging  from  the  exam- 
ination which  it  has  been  able  to  make,  it  has  nothing  but  commenda- 
tion for  the  system  and  carefulness  with  which  the  records  and  accounts 
of  these  officers  are  kept. 

It  is  manifest,  of  course,  that  a  committee  with  little  previous  knowl- 
edge of  such  books  and  accounts  could  in  the  short  time  at  its  command 
do  little  more  than  examine  the  system  upon  which  these  accounts  are 
kept,  and  could  not  test  the  ultimate  accuracy  and  correctness  of  its 
results,  but  it  could  discover  nothing  which  did  not  seem  to  indicate 
the  utmost  care  and  conscientiousness  on  the  part  of  the  officers  in 
chaj-ge. 

The  system  of  accounts  kept  in  these  departments,  and  especially  the 
multiplicity  of  detail  which  is  necessary  in  the  office  of  the  quarter- 
master and  commissary  of  cadets,  has  been  so  fully  and  so  frequently 
explained  in  many  of  the  reports  of  previous  Boards  of  Visitors  that  a 
repetition  would  seem  to  be  entirely  superfluous. 

After  pretty  minute  examination  into  these  maters  the  committee 
finds  nothing  new  to  suggest.  It  has  discovered  no  opportunity  and 
no  necessity  for  improvement,  and  it  feels  justified  in  saying  that  it  has 
been  most  favorably  impressed  with  tlie  seeming  carefulness,  accuracy, 
and  simplicity  with  which  all  these  accounts  are  kept,  and  with  the 
painstakijig  and  thorough  manner  in  which  the  duties  of  these  officers 
and  their  assistants  are  performed. 

The  statements  of  receipts  and  exi3enditures  made  upon  various 
accounts  in  the  office  of  Capt.  Miller  are  shown  in  the  accompanying 
papers,  marked  Exhibits  A,  B,  and  0,  which  Capt.  Miller  has  volun- 
tarily furnished'to  tlie  committee. 

As  already  stated,  the  accounts  kept  in  the  office  of  Maj.  Spurgin  are 
very  unusual  and  very  full  of  detail,  inasmuch  as  he  not  only  has  entire 
charge  of  l^ne  mess  table  of  the  corps  of  cadets,  and  must  keep  its 
accounts,  but  he  must  also  keep  a  detailed  account  with  each  cadet, 
showing  the  amount  placed  to  his  credit,  whether  from  the  Government 
or  from  private  sources,  and  all  charges  against  him  for  his  various  and 
necessary  expenses  and  supplies.  These  accounts,  which  are  also  re- 
corded in  a  pass  book  kept  for  the  information  of  each  cadet,  show  at 
once  the  amount  remaining  to  the  credit  of  the  cadet  or  (which  occurs 
in  very  rare  instances  after  the  first  year)  the  amount  of  his  indebted- 
ness to  the  Government. 

Maj.  Spurgin  has  now  been  for  a  number  of  years  detailed  to  fill  this 
position,  and  he  seems  to  the  committee  not  only  genuinely  interested 
in  the  important  duties  which  devolve  on  him,  but  seems  also  pecu- 
liarly fitted  by  nature  and  by  long  training  for  the  iierformance  of  these 
duties. 

A.  C.  McClurg,  Chairman. 
Frank  Thomson. 
Chas.  S.  Fairchild. 


358  PAPEES   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


MISCELLANEOUS  AFFAIRS. 

Committee  on  miscellaneous  affairs. — Messrs.  Edwin  A.  Alderman,  E.  D.  White, 
and  S.  M.  Cullom. 

Tlie  committee  on  miscellajieons  affairs  submits  the  following  report: 

1.  The  committee  recommends  the  appointment  of  Herman  J.  Koehler, 
master  of  the  sword  and  director  of  the  gymnasium,  as  first  lieutenant 
in  the  Army.  The  development  of  the  body  is  scarcely  less  important 
than  the  development  of  the  mind  in  the  training  of  a  soldier.  It  is  the 
duty  of  Mr.  Koehler  to  give  this  traiidng  to  the  cadets  of  the  Military 
Academy  and  to  command  for  a  portion  of  every  day  the  largest  class 
of  cadets  in  the  institution.  He  is  entirely  without  military  rank.  It 
is  believed  that  the  conferring  of  this  rank  will. largely  increase  his 
effectiveness  and  power  as  an  instructor  and  thereby  subserve  the  inter- 
ests of  the  Academy. 

2.  Much  valuable  time  is  lost  to  each  recurring  Board  of  Visitors  by 
reason  of  untamiliarity  with  the  nature  of  its  duties  and  the  necessary 
details  and  methods  of  procedure.  The  present  board  unites  with  some 
of  its  predecessors  in  recommending  the  reapx)ointment  each  year  of 
two  or  more  members  of  the  previous  Board. 

This  recommendation  is  made  in  the  sincere  "belief  that  its  adoption 
will  result  in  largely  facilitating  the  transaction  of  business  and  in  in- 
crejising  the  influence  and  usefulness  of  the  Board  as  an  inspecting  and 
advisory  body. 

Edwin  A.  Alderman,  Chairman. 

E.  D.  White. 

S.  M.  Cullom. 


ABSTRACT   OF   REC0M3IENDATI0NS  MADE  BY   THE*  BOARD. 

1.  Increase  of  the  number  of  cadets. 

2.  Elevation  of  the  standard  of  admission. 

3.  A  fuller  course  in  history  and  English.  ^ 

4.  Opportunity  for  professors  and  instructors  to  visit  other  institutions 

of  learning. 

5.  Increase  in  number  of  horses,  especially  for  cavalry  purposes. 

G.  Increase  of  the  Military  Academy  band  from  twenty-four  to  forty 
l^ieces. 

7.  Promotion  of  Mr.  Clappe,  the  band  leader,  to  second  lieutenancy 

in  the  Army. 

8.  Establishment  of  full  i^rofessorshii)  iri  the  department  of  ordnance 

and  artillery. 

9.  The  procuring  of  new  heavy  ordnance  of  best  tj^pes. 

10.  Kebuilding  the  quarters  of  jnarried  enlisted  men. 

11.  Improvenumt  and  repairing  of  cavalry  barracks. 

12.  An  approi>riation  of  8-;,OttO  for  painting  and  whitewashing  interior 

of  stable  and  cadets'  riding  hall. 

13.  Early  completion  of  the  south  wing  of  the  academic  building. 

14.  An  appropriation  of   840,000  for  remodeling  the  interior  of  the 

library  building,  in  order  that  the  34,000  volumes  contained 
therein  may  be  properly  housed. 

15.  Provision  for  models  of  latest  improvement  in  ordnance. 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETAEY  OF  WAR.  359 

16.  Extra  pay  to  28  privates  of  tlie  cavalrj^  detacliment  for  extra  duty 

required,  amounting  to  $840  per  annum. 

17.  An  appropriation  of  §7,500  for  building  one  set  of  oiScers'  quarters. 

18.  An  appropriation  not  to  exceed  $4,000  for  a  new  floor  of  stone  or 

tile  in  tlie  mess  Lall. 

19.  The  appointment  of  Mr.  Koeliler,  director  of  tlie  gymnasium,  to  first 

lieutenancy  in  the  Army. 

20.  The  reappointment  each  year  of  two  or  more  members  of  the  previ- 

ous Board  of  Visitors. 

TUE   GRADUATION  EXERCISES. 

The  graduation  exercises  were  held  on  the  morning  of  June  12,  Col. 
Ernst  presided.  The  cadets  received  their  diplomas  at  the  hands  of  Maj. 
Gen.  John  M.  Schofield,  the  general  commanding  the  Army,  who  accom- 
panied their  delivery  with  a  few  graceful  and  impressive  words  to  the 
young  soldiers.  Col.  John  M.  Wilson  was  called  out  by  Col.  Ernst  and 
spoke  to  the  class  with  great  power  aud  feeling  of  their  past  life  at  the 
Academy  and  of  the  duties  that  awaited  them. 

The  main  address  of  the  day  was  by  the  Hon.  Mr.  Fairchild.  He  was 
introduced  by  Col.  Ernst  and  spoke  as  follows : 

ADDRESS   OF  HOX.  CHAKLES   S.   F.UPX'IllLD. 

GeniUmen  of  the  graduating  class : 

On  Tjelialf  of  the  Board  of  Visitors — that  body  -which  comes  here  to  represent  the 
Executive  and  Legislative  Departments  of  the  GovernmenT  of  that  people  to  whose 
service  you  have  consecrated  yoursehes — and  in  pursuance  of  a  custom  more  hon- 
ored, perhaps,  in  the  breach  than  in  the  obserA\'ince,  I  greet  you,  and  e:f^ress  to  you 
the  gratihcutiou  v,'hich  this  visit  bas  given  to  the  Board,  as  a  whole,  and  as  indi\-id- 
uals.  To  many  of  our  inembers  this  Academy,  while  in  a  sense  known,  was  yet  most 
imperfectly  hnown.  "We  have  been  impressed  with  the  completeness  of  yonr  disci- 
pline and  training,  with  the  accuracy  of  knowledge  which  yoa  showed  in  your 
examinations,  and  with  the  dignity  of  your  beariugas  a  corps  and  as  individual  men. 
For  inspiration  you  need  but  to  hear  the  roll  of  your  Academy  ;  that  roll  which  when 
told  over  excites  patriotic  enthusiasm,  and  calls  forth  high  emotion  beyond  that  of 
the  roll  of  any  like  institution  in  the  world.  We  hope  that  your  services  Avill  not  be 
called  for  in  war,  and  I  believe  they  will  not  be  needed — for  this  United  States  haa 
grown  so  great  in  power  that  the  nations  of  the  world  know  that  the  issue  of  a  con- 
Hict  with  her  would  be  but  one,  and  knowing  this,  every  nation  will  wait  long 
before  measuring  our  strength. 

The  youngest  of  us  may  scarcely  sec  an  opportunity  for  you  to  gain  the  honors  of 
war,  but  it  is  open  to  everyone  of  you  to  Avin  the  honors  of  peace,  so  beautifully 
described  by  Teunj'son : 

Who  grasps  tlic  skirts  of  linppy  chance, 
Aiul  breasts  the  blows  of  cii-cixmstanco, 
Ami  grajiplcs  with  his  evil  star, 

And  makes  hy  force  his  merit  knoTrn, 
And  lives  to  clutcli  the  golden  keys, 
To  mold  a  nii^lity  slate's  docre<-s, 
Aud  shape  the  whisper  of  the  throne, 

And,  moving-up  from  high  to  higher, 
Becomes  on  Fortune's  crowning  slope, 
The  pillar  of  a  people's.  hoi)e, 
The  center  of  a  world's  desire. 

Of  more  than  one  of  the  graduates  of  the  "West  Point  Academy  all  this  may  be  truly 
said. 

It  has  been  wittily  put  that  duties  are  mean,  troublesome,  little  thiugs,  but  that 
duty  is  a  great  and  noble  thing,  and  yet  duty  is  made  up  of  duties,  and  if  you  keep 
yourselves  always  e<iuipp('(l  by  doing  that  which  comes  to  your  hand  to  the  best  of 
your  ability,  and  thereby  fulfilling  your  duty,  all  that  has  come  to  any  of  the  gradu- 
ates of  this  Academy  may  come  to  you. 


360  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

In  .1  few  years  yon  will  begin  to  wonder  what  yon  liave  left  to  yon  of  all  that  you 
have  learned  here.  Twenty  years  after  gradnatiug  from  the  old  University  of  Har- 
vard, we  had  at  each  plato  at  our  class  dinner  some  of  the  examination  papers  which 
had  been  given  ns  in  college,  and  which  we  must  have  answered  more  or  less  well  to 
have  received  our  degrees  at  all.  Not  even  the  best  of  the  scholars  among  ns  could 
then  answer  the  questions  on  those  papers,  and  to  most  of  us  they  did  not  even  sng- 
gcst  an  idea.  As  for  myself,  at  the  end  of  my  lirst  term  sophomore,  I  had  a  condition 
in  analytical  geometry,  and  it  was  necessary  that  I  should  pass  an  examination  at 
the  end  of  the  A^acation  in  order  to  go  on  with  my  class.  Prof,  (now  president) 
Eliot  was  oiir  instructor  in  mathematics,  and  when  I  went  to  him  to  ^lass  my  exami- 
nation he  at  first  refused  to  hear  me  because  I  had  no  certificate  from  a  tutor  that  I 
had  studied  with  him  during  the  vacation.  Ii)leaded  with  him  for  several  days  to  try 
me;  finally  he  yielded  ai\d  examined  me  throughout  all  one  Saturday;  I  passed,  and 
then  thought  if  I  knew  anything  I  knew  analytical  geometry,  but  now  analytical 
geometry  has  all  gone  from  ray  mind. 

This,  I  think,  will  be  your  experience  as  to  your  studies  here,  except  those  which 
you  will  use  in  the  years  to  come ;  and  yet  can  it  bo  true  that  you  will  have  gained 
nothing?  No;  j'ouwill  find  yourselves  far  better  equipped  for  the  work  of  life — far 
better  able  to  meet  emergencies — than  your  fellowmeu  who  have  uot  had  your  train- 
ing, and  beyond  all  you  will  take  away  with  you  a  something  which  is  the  product 
of  the  public  opinion  that  exists  among  yourselves,  and  which  men  call  bj^  the  holy 
name,  "Honor,"  This  will  be  with  you  all  your  life  long,  and  will  serve  you  in 
many  a  trial  and  temptation.  All  men  know  that  when  a  thing  is  said,  an  account 
certified,  or  an  estimate  made,  by  one  who  has  worn  the  gray  uniform  here,  and  has 
exchanged  it  for  the  blue,  that  behind  and  sustaining  it  all  is  the  honor  of  an  oflicer 
of  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

There  is  something  else  of  infinite  value  which  we  carry  away  from  these  institu- 
tions, and  that  is  our  friendships.  You  love  one  another  now,  but  as  your  ranks 
grow  thinner  you  will  cling  more  and  more  to  the  friends  that  you  have  made  in 
this  Academj'.  Remember  the  ]iroverb :  "A  friend  loveth  at  all  times,  and  a  brother 
is  born  for  adversity."  Bear  this  in  mind  when  the  struggle  comes  for  promotion 
and  advancement ;  never  be  content  to  receive  either  at  the  undue  expense  of  a 
brother  officer.  If  you  keep  yourselves  always  at  your  best,  morally,  intellectually, 
and  i)hysically,  and  thus  ready  to  grasp  the  opportunities  which  will  come  to  you 
duly  and  nrfturally,  you  will  not  fail  of  reward.  Remember  that  all  things  come  to 
him  who  waits  and  watches. 

Most  of  J  ou,  I  am  bound  to  believe,  look  forward  to  the  time  when  yon  will  have 
homes  of  your  own.  A  great  soldier,  one  who  at  32  had  achieved  a  fame  which  has 
lasted  through  the  centuries,  sends  you  this  message.     Sir  Philip  »Sidney  said: 

Believe  nie,  man,  there  is  iio  greater  blisse 
Tlian  is  tbo  quiet  joy  of  loving  wife; 
Which,  whoso  wants,  half  of  himself  doth  misse; 
JTrieud  without  change,  play-lcUow  without  strife, 
Food  without  fulnesse,  couusaile  without  pride, 
Is  this  sweet  doubling  of  our  single  life. 

All  of  this — prosperity,  honor,  and  fireside  happiness — do  J,  in  behalf  of  the  Board 
of  Visitors,  wish  to  the  members  of  the  class  of  1893. 

CONCLUSION. 

After  full  iiivestigatiou  and  deliberatiou  tlie  Board  of  Visitors 
adopted  the  reports  of  the  several  committees  as  the  reiiort  of  the 
Board,  and  in  conclusion  now  submits  some  general  remarks: 

The  U.  S.  Military  Academy  at  AVest  Point  is  the  only  military  school 
in  the  United  States  owned  by  the  Government.  The  Academy  is  a 
growth  rather  than  a  creation.  Established  in  1802,  it  received  and 
educated  very  few  young  men  for  many  years,  the  records  showing  that 
it  did  not  graduate  a  student  in  1810.  For  many  years,  however, 
beginning  soon  after  the  close  of  the  civil  war,  large  classes  have  been 
graduated  every  year,  and  to-day  there  are  few  young  men  of  any  mili- 
tary spirit  who  do  not  desire  to  enter  the  Military  Academy.  The  laws 
permit  the  Academy  to  receive  only  a  limited  number — one  from  each 
Congressional  district  in  the  United  States,  one  from  each  Territory,  one 
from  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  ten  from  the  country  at  large.    The 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  361 

Boai'd  desires  to  reiterate,  and  if  possible  empliasize,  the  recomnieii- 
datiou  of  the  committee  ou  appointments  and  examinations,  tliat  the 
number  of  cadets  be  increased,  and  that  the  standard  of  qnuliflcation 
for  admission  be  rai.sed.  If  better  educational  qualifications  were  re- 
quired of  young  men  seeking  admission,  there  would  not  be  so  many- 
rejections  for  failure  after  admission  and  many  more  cadets  would  be 
graduated  every  year. 

The  Board  is  impressed  with  the  belief  that  the  Academy  should  be 
required  to  educate  as  many  young  men  as  its  capacity  will  justify. 
Any  policy  w^hich  fails  to  secure  to  the  nation  the  full  benefit  ot  the 
institution  in  the  education  and  training  of  its  young  men  is  neither 
economical  nor  wise. 

The  graduates  of  this  Academy  have  been  equal  to  every  emergency 
in  our  national  life.  The  pages  of  American  history  have  been  made 
luminous  by  the  simple  story  of  the  great  achievements  in  war  and  in 
peace  of  the  men  Avho  were  educated  in  this  school.  The  young  men 
are  trained  especially  for  the  life  of  the  soldier,  to  defend  the  honor 
and  integrity  of  the  nation  and  to  protect  the  flag,  but  they  are  sub- 
ject to  be  called  upon  also  to  act  as  conservators  of  the  peace,  and  sub- 
ject to  the  civil  authorities.  In  this  republican  government  the  fact 
that  the  civil  authority  dominates  should  be  impressed  upon  the  minds 
of  all  young  men. 

The  spirit  and  temper  of  the  American  people  are  hostile  to  a  large 
standing  army,  and  the  Government  only  seeks  to  maintain  a  sufficient 
military  establishment  to  perform  such  military  duty  as  may  from  time 
to  time  be  required  to  protect  our  frontier,  man  our  forts  and  defenses, 
and  generally  to  perform  such  duties  as  may  be  required  of  tlie  Army  in 
pursuance  of  the  national  Constitution.  Ordinarily,  in  time  of  peace, 
good  order  must  not  be  dependent  wpon  the  presence  of  troops  and  the 
use  of  the  bayonet. 

The  demand  of  the  age  is  to  provide  schools  for  the  education  of  all 
the  youth,  with  opportunity  for  thehighest  scientific,  literary,  and  artis- 
tic education.  * 

The  young  men  sent  from  the  Military  Academy  are  qualified  for, 
and,  as  in  the  past,  will  be  expected  to  organize  and  lead  armies  when 
occasion  requires;  they  are  equipped  by  proper  training  for  war;  they 
are  equipped  for  the  duties  of  civil  life;  they  are  also  fitted  to  become 
leaders  of  men  in  war  and  in  peace. 

The  Academy,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Board,  deserves  and  should 
receive  the  most  cheerful  and  liberal  support  of  the  people  and  of  the 
Government. 

The  Board  takes  occasion  in  this  connection  to  say  that  it  has  been 
unable  to  discover  any  want  of  attention  to  duty  by  any  officer  in  any 
capacity  connected  with  the  Academy.  Each  member  of  the  Academic 
Board  seems  to  be  enthusiastic  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties;  there  is 
that  mutual  interest  on  the  part  of  instructor  and  cadet  so  essential 
to  good  results  in  school. 

The  Board  feels  that  words  of  praise  are  due  to  each  and  every  officer 
connected  with  the  Academy,  whether  in  high  or  in  subordinate  positions. 
The  United  States  as  a  nation  has  become  one  of  the  foremost  imtions 
of  the  earth.  Its  interests  and  position  alike  require  that  its  military 
school  should  be  the  best  and  should  receive  generous  treatment,  that 
it  may  keej)  pace  with  the  advance  of  tlie  nation  in  power  and  pros[)er- 
ity.  We  are  a  united  and  prosperous  people,  yet  the  little  Army  main- 
tained by  the  Government,  officered  by  men  educated  at  the  expense 
of  the  people,  should  be  ever  ready  to  defend  the  Union. 


362  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    T?IE 

Lincoln  once  said,  in  reviewing-  certain  military  events,  tliat  "The 
Father  of  Waters  again  goes  nnvexed  to  the  sea."  No  foreign  govern- 
ment or  power  must  ever  be  allowed  to  vex  that  great  river,  or  to 
molest  or  hinder  our  progress  in  national  greatness  and  prosperity. 

The  committees  of  the  Board  have  made  several  snggcstions  and 
ecommendations  which  are  believed  by  the  whole  Board  to  be  impor- 
tant.    Some  of  them  call  for  early  attention,  and  all  are  worthy  of  the 
avorable  consideration  of  the  Secretary  of  War  and  of  Congress. 
Be.si)ectfully  submitted. 

S.  M.  CULLOM,  President. 

Charles  S.  Fairchild,   Vice-Frcsident. 

E.  D.  White. 

Henry  L,  Pierce. 

Frank  Thomson. 

A.  C.  McClurg. 

John  W.  Dinsmore. 

Edwin  A.  Alderman,  Secretary. 

John  P.  Eea. 

Joseph  Wheeler. 

jAaiES  S.  Gorman. 


PvEPOET   OF  THE    SUPEPINTENDEInT  OF  THE  U.   S.  MILI 

TAKY  ACADEMY. 

Headquarters  U.  S.  Military  Academy, 

West  Foint,  W.  Y.,  Septemher  36,  1893. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  this  my  annual  report  for  the  Mili- 
tary Academy  for  the  year  ending  September  1,  1893: 

Having  been  appointed  Superin.tendent  by  the  President,  by  letter 
date4  March  23,  1893,  I  assumed  command  of  the  Academy  and  of  the 
post  of  West  Point  under  the  authority  contained  in  paragraph  2,  Spe- 
cial Orders,  No.  (io,  Adjutant-Generars  Office,  March  24,  1893,  on  the 
1st  of  A])rillast,  relieving  Col.  John  M.  Wilson,  Corjjs  of  Engineers. 
1  found  the  institution  in  a  state  of  efficiency  as  high  as  any  that  I  have 
known  it  to  reach. 


academic   DEPARTMENTS. 

The  departments  of  philosophy,  drawing,  mathematics,  chemistry, 
etc.,  history,  etc.,  engineering,  law,  modern  languages,  tactics,  practi- 
cal militavy  engineering,  and  of  ordnance  and  gunnery  have  maintained 
the  high  standard  of  instruction  for  which  they  have  always  been  noted. 
While  the  heads  of  these  departments  bave  not  failed  to  keep  abreast 
with  all  advances  made  in  tlieir  special  branches  of  knowledge  and  to 
introduce  improvements  when  opportunity  oli'ered,  the  changes  in  the 
majority  of  them  have  been  of  a  m.inor  character  and  do  not  call  for 
special  mention  here. 

In  the  department  of  mathenmtics  the  appointment  of  an  associate 
professor  is  an  improvement  in  organization  which  will  be  of  substan- 
tial benefit. 

In  the  department  of  modern  languages  there  has  been  a  rearrange- 
ment of  time,  beginning  with  the  present  academic  year,  by  which  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  3G3 

study  of  Spanish  is  transferred  from  tLe  first  class  to  tlie  third  class, 
and  the  time  allotted  to  the  department  for  Er.glish,  French,  and  Si)an- 
ish  is  arranged  so  that  but  one  of  these  studies  shall  occupy  its  atten- 
tion at  a  time,  instead  of  English  and  French  alternating  with  each 
other,  as  before.  There  have  been  numerous  changes  of  te-xt-bqoks  in 
this  department.  The  effect  of  the  rearrangement  is  to  give  a  more 
compact  course,  in  which  the  various  studies  follow  each  other  in  more 
logical  sequen.ce,  rendering  it  possible  to  accomi)lish  more  in  a  given 
time  than  under  the  old  arrangement.  Its  effect  upon  the  other  depart- 
ments is  to  leave  vacant  some  sixty  recitations  in  the  first-class  year, 
to  be  allotted  hereafter  between  those  departments. 

In  the  department  of  ordnance  and  gunnery  good  progress  was  made 
in  a  general  revision  of  the  text-books.  This  work  will  be  continued 
during  the  coming  year. 

The  department  of  law  is  the  only  one  headed  by  a  full  professor 
that  is  not  provided  with  an  assistant  professor  having  the  pay  of  cap- 
tain mounted.  It  seems  but  just  that  this  department  should  be  placed 
upon  the  same  footing  in  this  respect  as  the  others.  I  recommend  that 
legislation  authorizing  the  appointment  of  an  assistant  professor  of  law 
be  solicited. 

HEALTH. 

As  a  rule  ailments  among  the  cadets  during  the  year  were  of  minor 
character  and  of  short  duration.  'No  case  of  typhoid  fever,  scarlatina, 
diphtheria,  or  other  disease  due  to  a  lack  of  sanitary  precautions, 
occurred  among  them.  The  health  of  the  other  portions  of  the  com- 
mand  also,  upon  the  whole,  was  good.  For  details  attention  is  invited 
to  the  report  of  the  post  surgeon,  hereto  appended,  marked  C.  The 
sanitary  condition  of  the  post  is  generally  good,  but  there  is  an  excep- 
tion in  the  case  of  the  ten  old  wooden  buildings  known  as  Logtown, 
occupied  by  twenty  soldiers'  families,  situated  on  the  slope  of  the  hill 
west  of  the  engineer  barracks.  Owing  to  the  high  and  steep  slope 
above  these  buildings  it  is  difficult  to  keep  them  dry  during  the  winter 
and  .spring.  An  estimate  for  improving  the  drainage  in  the  vicinity 
has  been  submitted  this  year.  In  continuation  of  the  policy  inaugurated 
twenty  years  ago  of  removing  all  the  old  wooden  quarters  for  soldiers' 
families  from  the  slopes  at  the  northern  part  of  the  post,  an  estimate 
has  also  been  submitted  for  building  new  quarters  upon  high  and 
healthy  ground  with  a  view  to  pulling  these  down. 

DISCIPLI^•E. 

The  state  of  discipline  of  the  corps  has  been  generally  excellent.  It 
was  necessary  to  convene  a  court-martial  only  once  during  the  year, 
and  in  that  case  the  cadet  brought  before  it  was  acquitted.  Offenses 
were  conimitted  in  the  latter  part  of  August  by  three  cadets  which 
involved  trial  by  court-martial,  but  the  court  had  not  been  convened 
within  the  period  covered  by  this  report.  The  usual  discipline  was 
maintained  in  the  other  portions  of  the  command  by  the  usual  methods. 


VISIT    TO   THE   COLUMBIAN  EXrOi-JITION. 

Under  the  autliority  contained  in  your  letter  of  July  7,  1893,  the 
battalion  of  cadets,  the  band  and  field  nuisic,  a  detachment  of  the  hos- 


364  PAPEES    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

pital  corps,  and  the  camp  attendants,  all  under  tlie  command  of  the 
commandant  of  cadets,  were  ordered  to  Cliicago  to  witness  the  World's 
Columbian  Exjiosition,  They  left  here  August  17,  arriving  at  Chicago 
the  following  day,  and  left  Chicago  upon  their  return  August  28.  The 
members  of  the  second  class  on  furlough  to  August  28  were  allowed 
to  join  in  time  for  the  visit.  All  but  fifteen  took  advantage  of  the  per- 
mission. With  the  exception  of  these  fifteen,  and  two  who  were  absent 
on  sick  leave,  every  cadet  belonging  to  the  corps  accompanied  it.  A 
plat  of  the  ground  assigned  for  their  use  having  been  obtained  a  plan 
of  their  camp  was  prepared  here  and  together  with  their  camp  equipage 
was  sent  in  advance.  Their  tents  were  erected  and  camp  ready  for 
occui^ancy  upon  their  arrival.  A  contract  for  the  subsistence  of  the 
entire  command  had  been  made  with  one  of  the  exposition  restaurants 
located  near  the  camp  ground.  The  Quartermaster's  Department 
furnished  the  necessary  trausportatio]i.  The  exi30sition  authorities 
gave  every  facility  within  their  power,  assigning  for  the  camp  ground 
the  most  desirable  spot  withiu  the  grounds,  furnishing  at  their  own 
exx)ense  the  tent  floors,  remitting  the  usual  royalty  of  25  percent  upon 
the  receipts  of  the  restaurant,  and  reducing  by  that  amount  the  cost  of 
subsistence,  furnishing  free  entrance  and  exit  to  the  grounds,  etc. 

The  object  in  sending  the  cadets  to  Chicago  was  not  only  to  advance 
their  education,  but  also  to  make  friends  for  the  Academy  by  exhibiting 
to  large  numbers  of  persons  the  excellence  of  their  training.  The  visit 
was  highly  successful  in  both  particulars.  A  serious  breach  of  disci- 
pline by  three  cadets  was  immediately  acted  on  by  the  commandant 
in  a  manner  which  prevented  it  from  injuring  the  reputation  of  the 
corps.  With  this  exception  the  bearing  of  the  entire  command  was 
highly  creditable.  There  was  no  accident  and  no  sickness  of  conse- 
quence. I  have  little  doubt  that  the  visit  has  been  of  important  benefit 
to  the  Academy. 

BAND. 

By  the  act  of  March  3, 1877,  the  Military  Academy  band  was  reduced 
to  1  teacher  of  music  and  24  enlisted  men,  which  is  its  present  author- 
ized strength.  Of  the  enlisted  men  G  receive  $34i)er  month,  6,  $20,  and 
the  remaining  12,  $17,  with  the  usual  allowances  of  enlisted  men.  At 
the  time  of  this  reduction  the  band  consisted  of  1  teacher  of  music  and 
40  enlisted  musicians  of  whom  10  received  $34  and  the  remaining  30 
received.  $30  per  month,  with  the  usual  allowances  of  enlisted  men. 
Since  that  date  every  Superintendent  of  the  Academy,  with  perhaps 
one  exception,  and  many  or  all  Boards  of  Visitors  have  recommended 
an  increase  of  the  band.  The  Board  of  Visitors  this  year  recommend 
that  the  band  be  increased  to  at  least  40  members  and  a  leader.  To  any 
one  familiar  with  music  it  needs  no  argument  to  prove  that  the  present 
numbers  and  pay  are  not  sufficient.  Is  a  good  band  really  necessaijy  to 
the  practical  efficiency  of  the  Academy,  is  the  only  question  which  can 
be  asked.  The  answer  is  plain  when  the  i^urj^ose  which  the  band  sub- 
serves is  considered.  INIilitary  pomp  has  a  serious  and  practical  object — 
the  cultivation  of  the  military  spirit.  It  is  in  the  same  category  with 
patriotic  songs,  discipline,  and  monuments  to  dead  heroes.  There  is 
no  more  essential  part  of  it  than  good  music.  I  recommend  that  the 
band  be  restored  to  the  numbers  and  pay  which  it  had  before  the  reduc- 
tion in  1877.  I  recommend,  further,  that  the  leader  receive  the  rank, 
pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  second  lieutenant  of  infantry.  The  increase 
is  desired  not  for  the  purpose  of  gratifying  an  idle  vanity  or  merely  to 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  365 

provide  pleasure,  but  to  improve  tlie  finer  polish  given  to  the  finished 
product  of  the  Academy. 

MASTER   OF   THE   SWORD. 

The  swordmaster  is  also  the  instructor  in  gymnastics  and  swimming. 
He  is  a  civilliau,  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War.  The  present 
incumbent  has  worked  up  an  admirable  course  of  gymnastics  for  the 
corps  of  cadets.  His  system  of  calisthenics  has  been  adopted  by  the 
AYar  Department  for  the  use  of  the  Army.  He  is  required  to  preserve 
discipline  and  to  exercise  control  of  cadets  while  under  his  instruction. 
It  would  greatly  strengthen  his  hand  if  he  should  have  military  rank, 
and,  in  view  of  the  great  and  increasing  importauce  of  his  department, 
I  recommend  that  legislation  be  solicited  giving  him  the  rank,  pay,  and 
emoluments  of  a  first  lieutenant  of  infantry. 


BUILDINGS   AND   GROUNDS. 

The  report  of  the  post-quartermaster,  who  is  also  quartermaster  and 
disbursing  officer  of  the  Academj^,  is  hereto  appended,  marked  G. 
Attention  is  invited  especially  to  the  explanations  given  therein  why 
an  increase  of  the  detachment  of  Army-service  men  is  necessary.  The 
force  is  not  sufficient  to  properly  care  for  the  post.  The  same  is  true 
of  the  regular  annual  appropriation  for  repairs  and  improvements.  An 
increase  of  that  item  has  been  asked  for  in  the  estimates. 

The  new  gymnasium  building  was  completed  sufficiently  for  use  last 
autumn,  and  with  the  consent  of  the  contractor  it  was  occupied  ]S"ovem- 
ber  1,  1892.  Certain  small  items  of  work  remained  to  be  done  to  finally 
complete  the  building,  but  these  the  contractor  refused  to  do,  alleging 
that  they  formed  no  part  of  his  contract.  The  controversy  over  this 
subject  has  lasted  through  the  year,  though  it  seems  now  to  be  in  a 
fair  way  to  settlement.  Final  payment  has  not  yet  been  made.  The 
building  has  been  thoroughly  equipped  with  modern  appliances.  It 
has  proved  a  source  of  great  benefit,  as  well  as  pleasure,  to  the  cadets. 
It  is  perhaps  the  most  important  addition  to  the  equipment  of  the  Acad- 
emy that  has  been  made  for  many  years. 

The  progress  made  during  the  year  upon  the  new  academic  building 
has  been  much  less  rapid  than  was  hoiked,  and  there  is  little  i^rospect 
that  any  portion  of  it  will  be  ready  for  use  during  the  present  academic 
year.  The  material  and  workmanship  are  satisfactory.  The  time  for 
completing  the  contract  has  been  extended  to  September  15,  1894,  with 
the  condition  that  all  additional  expenditures  made  necessary  to  tl\e 
United  States  by  reason  of  the  extension  of  time  are  to  be  deducted 
from  sums  due  the  contractor.  The  contract  is  for  completing  the 
building  without  the  high  clock  tower,  which  formed  part  of  the  original 
design,  the  funds  available  not  being  suflicient  to  include  the  tower. 
The  construction  of  this  tower  is  so  important,  both  as  an  architectural 
feature  and  as  a  means  of  displaying  prominently  the  clock,  that  I  have 
submitted  an  estimate  for  an  additional  appropriation  for  the  purpose 
of  building  it. 

The  new  building  for  sinks  and  bathrooms  for  cadets  and  the  new 
boiler  house  are  well  advanced,  and  it  is  hoped  may  be  ready  for  use 
before  the  end  of  October. 


3G6  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

The  new  gas  works  are  also  well  advanced  and  it  is  expected  will  be 
completed  about  the  end  of  October, 

The  contractors  are  behind  time  with  all  of  these  buildings. 

In  the  cadet  barracks  new  gas  fixtures,  each  consisting  of  a  two-light 
pendont,  besides  a  sliding  droplight,  were  placed  in  all  the  living  rooms. 
With  the  abundant  supply  of  gas  to  be  provided  by  the  new  works 
there  should  be  no  further  com])laint  of  insufficient  light. 

The  battle  mouunient  has  made  but  little  progress  during  the  year, 
owing  to  a  strike  among  the  granite-workers  and  unforeseen  difficulties 
in  the  preparation  of  the  polished  shaft. 

******* 

Yery  respectfullv,  vour  obedient  servant, 

o,  H.  ee:n^st, 

Colonel  of  Uuf/incei's,  Sujier intend ent. 

The  Adjutant-General,  U.  S.  Aeimy, 

Washington,  I).  G. 


EEPOKT  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  ENGINEERS,  UNITED  STATES 

ARMY. 

Office  of  the  Chief  of  Engineees, 

United  States  Army, 
Washington,  B.  0.,  Septemher  19,  1893. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  present  for  your  information  the  following 
report  upon  the  duties  and  operations  of  the  Engineer  Department  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893: 


fortifications. 

During  the  past  fiscal  year  projects  have  been  prepared  for  the 
defense  of  Tybee  Roads  and  the  entrance  of  Savannah  River,  Georgia; 
of  jSTarragansett  Bay,  Rhode  Island;  of  Charleston.  S.  C,  and  Pensa- 
cola,  Fla.,  and  a  partial  project  for  the  defense  of  Xew  Orleans,  La. 

The  complete  projects  have  received  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of 
War;  and  in  submitting  an  estimate  for  gun  and  mortar  emplacements, 
the  commencement  of  work  on  each  of  these  new  projects  has  been 
contemplated,  as  well  as  the  continuation  of  work  on  projects  hitherto 
prepared.  The  amount  of  this  estimate  is  81,029,120;  and  this  it  is 
proposed  to  apply  almost  wholly  to  new  works. 


sites  for  fortifications. 

Tliese  arc  acquired  by  condemnation,  purchase,  or  doimtion,  as 
authoi  ized  by  the  act  approved  August  18,  1800. 

During  the  fiscal  year  payment  has  been  made  for  five  small  lots, 
part  of  tlie  site  for  mortar  batteries,  and  for  three  lots,  part  of  the  site 
for  a  gun  battery,  at  Grovers  Cliff,  Mass.  About  four  acres  remain  to 
be  acquired  at  these  sites.  Condemnation  ])roceedings  to  acquire  this 
remnant  M-ere  instituted,  but  sus])ended  on  receipt  of  favorable  propo- 
sitions to  sell.  The  acceptance  of  these  has  been  authorized,  but  the 
purchase  is  still  incomx)lete. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  367 

]Srear  Fort  Wadswortli  four  tracts  having  an  area  of  82  acres,  with 
the  buildings  thereon,  have  been  acquired  by  condemnation.  The  value 
of  this  property  as  adjudged  by  the  court  of  condemnation  in  ]S"ovem- 
ber,  1892,  was  $568,000;  and  the  price  paid  by  the  United  States  Jan- 
uary 9,  1893,  was  $599,497.30.  The  excess  of  the  price  paid  over  the 
adjudged  value  includes  costs,  extra  allowances,  interest  for  one  month 
and  fifteen  days  at  6  per  cent,  services  of  district  attorney  and  com- 
missioners, and  expenses  attending  condemnation. 

By  the  act  of  the  legislaUire  of  the  State  of  ISTew  York,  March  27, 
1893,  jurisdiction  was  ceded  to  the  United  States  over  the  land  acquired 
adjacent  to  the  eastern  side  of  the  Fort  Hamilton  reservation. 

By  act  approved  July  23, 1892,  an  ai)propriation  of  $25,000,  or  so  much 
thereof  as  might  be  necessary,  was  made  "to  enable  the  Secretary  of 
War,  in  his  discretion,  to  purchase  the  land  adj»)ining  the  Government 
reservation  at  Sandy  Hook,  N.  J.,  now  belonging  to  the  grantees  of  the 
Highland  Beach  Association  of  IsTew  Jersey,  together  with  the  right  of 
way  fiom  said  land  to  the  main  line  of  th<i  Central  Kailroad  Company 
of  New  Jersey,  together  vrith  the  rails,  ties,  switches,  and  all  the  rail- 
road equipment  on  said  lands." 

The  purchase  has  been  made  at  a  cost  of  $25,000;  the  area  acquired 
is  represented  as  being  nearly  28  acres. 

Proceedings  were  continued  looking  to  the  acquisition  of  90.6  acres 
at  Shejidans  Point  below  Washington,  D.  C,  on  the  Potomac  Kiver. 
The  connuissioiifers  first  appointed  to  ax)praise  this  tract  assessed  it  at 
$140  per  acre.  This  figure  being  considered  excessive,  new  proceed- 
ings were  instituted.  The  commissioners  under  the  new  proceedings 
appraised  the  land  at  about  $150  per  acre.  TheUniteil  States  district 
attorney  was  of  the  oi)inion  that  no  lower  appraisement  could  be  hoped 
for,  and  hence  the  last  was  accepted  and  the  report  of  the  commis- 
sioners was  confirmed  June  10,  1893.  The  award  of  $13,576.87  was 
paid  in  July,  1893,  in  con.formity  to  the  orders  of  the  United  States 
circuit  court  for  the  eastern  district  of  Virginia. 

A  tract  of  54.05  acres  at  Point  Lobos,  Cal.,  was  condemned,  and 
December  29,  1892,  the  award  therefor  of  $75,000  and  incidental 
exi)enses  so  far  reported,  amounting  to  $406.10,  have  been  paid.  This 
tract  is  to  be  used  as  a  site  for  part  of  the  defenses  of  San  Francisco. 

At  Cushings  Island,  Portland  Harbor,  Me.,  a  detailed  survey  has 
been  made  to  determine  the  minimum  area  needed  on  that  island  as  a 
site  for  batteries  for  the  defense  of  the  harbor.  The  Secretary  of  War 
has  requested  the  Department  of  Justice  to  institute  proceedings  for 
the  condemuatioji  of  about  33.4  acres. 

After  payment  is  made  for  the  tracts  at  Slieridans  Point,  Ya.,  and 
Cushings  Island,  Me.,  the  balance  of  available  fuiids  will  probably  not 
exceed  $75,000.  It  is  estimated  that  nearly  1,700  acres  should  be 
acquired  at  different  localities  on  the  coast;  much  of  this  land  contiiuies 
to  increase  in  value  from  year  to  year,  and  it  is  to  the  interest  of  the 
Government  that  it  should  be  acquired  at  an  early  date.  Therefore,  an 
estimate  of  $500,000  is  submitted  for  the  i^urchase  of  sites  for  seacoast 
defenses. 

MISSISSIPPI  RIVER   COMAITSSION. 

The  Mississippi  River  Commission,  constituted  by  act  of  Congress 
of  June  28,  1879,  is  in  charge  of  the  ijnprovement  of  Mississippi  Kiver 
between  the  mouth  of  Ohio  Ptiver  and  the  Head  of  the  Passes  and  of 
surveys  of  the  entire  river. 


368  PAPEES   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

The  commissioners  during  tlie  irdst  year  were  Col.  C.  B.  Comstock, 
Corps  of  Engineers,  president;  Lieut.  Col.  Charles  E.  Suter,  Corps  of 
Engineers;  Maj.  O.  H.  Ernst,  Corps  of  Engineers;  Henry  L.  Whiting, 
assistant,  U.  S.  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey;  B.  M.  Harrod,  Eobert  S. 
Taylor,  and  Henry  Flad. 

The  report  of  the  Commission  upon  the  operations  under  its  charge 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1893,  is  submitted  as  Appendix  Y  Y. 

MISSOURI  RIVER   COMMISSION. 

Tiie  Missouri  Eiver  Commission,  constituted  by  act  of  Congress  of 
July  o,  188i,  is  in  charge  of  the  improvement  and  surveys  of  the  Mis- 
souri Eiver  below  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 

The  commissioners  during  the  past  year  were  Lieut.  Col.  Charles  E. 
Suter,  Corps  of  Engineers,  president;  Maj.  A.  Mackenzie,  Corps  of 
Engineers;  Maj.  O.  H.  Ernst,  Corj)S  of  Engineers;  G.  C.  Broadhead, 
and  E.  S.  I3erlin. 

The  report  of  the  Commission  upon  the  operations  under  its  charge 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1893,  is  submitted  as  Ai)pendix  Z  Z. 


BRIDGING  NAVIGABLE   WATERS    OF   THE   UNITED   STATES. 

Plans  and  locations  of  the  following  bridges  proposed  to  be  erected 
under  the  authority  of  special  acts  of  Congress  have  been  examined 
with  a  view  to  protection  of  the  interests  of  navigation  and  have  been 
approved  by  the  Secretary  of  War  as  provided  by  the  acts;  and  the 
local  engineer  oflicers  have  been  furnished  with  copies  of  the  instru- 
ments of  approval  and  drawings  showing  plans  and  locations,  and 
charged  with  supervision  of  the  construction  of  the  bridges  so  far  as 
necessary  to  see  that  they  are  built  in  accordance  with  the  approved 
r)lans: 

1.  Bridge  of  the  Marietta  and  JVortlt  Georgia  Railway  Company  {suc- 
cessor to  the  Knoxville  Southern  Railroad  Company)  across  Tennessee 
River  at  Knoxville,  Tenn.  #  *  * 

5.  Bridge  of  the  Saint  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Manitoha  Railway  Com- 
pany across  Columhia  River  hetwecn  Douglas  and  Kittitas  counties, 
Wash.  *  *  * 

3.  Bridge  of  the  Chesapcalce  and  Ohio  Railroad  Company  across  Big 
Sandy  River  at  Catlettshurg,  Ky.  *  *  * 

4.  Bridge  of  the  Neuport  and  Cincinnati  Bridge  Company  across  Ohio 
River  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  *  *  * 

5.  Bridqe  of  the  ^Yest  Elizabeth  Bridge  Company  across  Monongahela 
River  at  Elizaheth,  Pa.  *  *  * 

6.  Bridge  of  the  Florida  Central  and  Peninsnlar  Railroad  Company 
across  St.  j\Iarys  River,  Georgia  and  Florida.  *  *  *        * 

7.  Bridge  of  the  Southern  Bridge  and  Railway  Company  across  Blissis- 
si2)pi  River  above  Xcic  Orleans,  La.  *  #  * 

y.  Bridge  of  the  Occidental  Bridge  and  Construction  Company  across 
Missouri  River  at  St.  Charles,  Mo.  *  *  * 

9.  Bridge  of  the  Omaha  Bridge  and  Terminal  Railicay  Company  [for- 
merly the  Interstate  Bridge  and  Street  Railway  Company)  across  Mis- 
souri  River  beticeen  Council  Bluffs,  loica,  and  Fast  Omaha,  Nebr. 
*  *  *  '      *  *  *  * 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  369 

10.  BrUlge  of  ilie  Litchfield.,  CarroUton  and  Western  Railroad  Com- 
pany across  Illinois  Elver  at  Columhiana,  III.  *  *  * 

11.  Bridge  of  the  Homestead  and  Fittshurgh  Bridge  Comj)anij  across 
Monongaliela  River  heticeen  Pittsburg  and  Homestead,  Pa. 

******* 

IJ?.  Bridge  of  {fie  Xatcliitoclies  Cane  River  Bridge  Company  across 
Cane  River  at  IS^atchitoches,  La.  *  *  *       . 

13.  Trestle  and  bridges  of  the  Mobile  and  Dauphin  Island  Railroad 
and  Harbor  Company  from  Cedar  Point  to  Dauphin  Island,  Alabama, 

across  the  shoal  tvater  betiveen  Mobile  Bay  and  3Iississip>pi  Sound. 

******* 

I.  Bridge  of  the  Youghioghcny  Central  Railway  Company  across 
Youghiogheny  River  in  Fayette  County,  Fa.  *  *  '•■' 

f?.  Bridge  of  the  State  Line  Railroad  Company  across  Cheat  River  at 
Point  Marion,  Fa.  *  *  * 

3.  Bridge  of  Stanislaus  County,  Cal.,  across  San  Joaquin  River  near 
Grayson.  *  *  * 

4.  Bridge  of  the  Philadelphia  Belt  Line  Railroad  Company  across 
Franlford  Creel-,  Philadelphia.  *  *  * 

5.  Bridge  of  the  Xorth  Galveston,  Houston  and  Kansas  City  Railroad 
Company  across  DicMnson  Bayou,  Texas,  about  one-half  mile  above  its 
mouth.  *  *  * 

6.  Bridge  of  the  city  of  Keicaunee,  Wis.,  across  Keicaunee  River,  at 
Pari-  Slreet.  *  *  * 

7.  Bridge  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company  across  Hachensaclc 
River,  New  Jersey.  #  *  * 

8.  Bridge  of  the  Lalce  Shore  and  Michigan  Southern  Raihcay  Company 
across  Sandushy  Bay,  Ohio.  *  *  * 

9.  Bridge  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  and  Texas  Railway  Company  of 
Texas  across  White  Oah Bayou  at  Houston,  Tex.        *  *  * 

10.  Bridge  of  the  Chesapcal^e  and  Ohio  Railway  Company  across  Gauley 
Ri'ccr,  West  Virginia.  *  *  * 

II.  Bridge  of  Sail  Joaquin  County,  Cal.,  across  San  Joaquin  River  at 
Garwood  Ferry  crossing.  *  *  * 

12.  Bridge  of  Glenn  County,  Cal.,  across  Sacramento  River  at  Butte 
City.  '-*  *  * 

13.  Bridge  of  the  city  of  Chicago,  III.,  across  South  Branch  of  Chicago 
River  at  South  Halstcd  street.  *  *  * 

11.  Bridge  of  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  and  Augusta  Railroad  Com- 
pany across  Lumber  River,  North  Carolina.  *  *  * 

15.  Bridges  of  the  Boston  and  Maine  Railroad  Company  across  Charles 
River  in  Boston  and  Cambridge,  Mass.  *  *  * 

16.  Bridge  of  the  city  of  New  Yorlc  across  Harlem  River,  New  Yorl;  at 
Broadway  crossing.  #  *  * 

17.  Bridge  of  the  Chicago  and  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company 

across  West  Forlc  of  South  Branch  of  Chicago  River,  in  Chicago,  III. 

*  ■    *  *  *  '     *  *  * 

18.  Bridges  of  the  Fast  River  Bridge  Company  across  Fast  River,  New 
Yorl;  between  New  Yorlc  and  Broollyn.  *  *  * 

19.  Bridge  of  the  Wabash  Railroad  Company  across  Rouge  River  near 
Detroit,  Mich.  *  *  * 

20.  Bridges  of  the  Florida  Central  and  Peninsular  Railroad  Company 
on  the  line  of  its  Savannah  extension  across  Ogeechee,  Altamaha,  and 
Satilla  rivers,  Georgia.  *  *  * 

21.  Bridge  of  Wh«tcom  County,  Wash.,  across  Noolsaclc  River  at  Fern- 
dale.  *  *  * 

Ab.  93 24 


370  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

22.  Bridge  of  the  city  of  North  Muslccgon,  Midi.,  across  2Iusl-egon 
Lal-e.  #  *  * 

23.  Bridge  of  the  citij  of  Muslcegon,  Mich.,  across  2£uslegon  River. 

*  _  *  **  *  *  *  * 

21.  Bridges  of  the  city  of  Keiv  Yorlc  across  Harlem  River  at  Third 
Avenue.  *  *  *  • 

25.  Bridge  of  San  Joaqiiin  County,  Gal.,  across  south  forlc  of  Mohe- 
lumne  River  at  Neic  Hope  Landing.  *  *  * 

2G.  Bridge  of  the  Long  Lsland  Railroad  Com;pany  across  Butch  Kills 
Creel;  at  Long  Island  City,  N.  J.  *  *  * 

27.  Tcmiiorary  bridge  of  the  Lynn  and  Boston  Railroad  C9m])any  across 
Mystic  River  at  Boston,  Mass.  *  *  * 

28.  Bridge  of  the  city  of  Mihcaulice,  Wis.,  across  Mihcaulcee  River. 

*  *  *•  *  *  «  * 

29.  Bridge  of  the  Mount  Pleasant  and  Seavieic  City  Railroad  Conqjany 

across  cove  at  Sullivans  Island,  Charleston  Harhor,  South  Carolina. 

******* 

30.  Bridge  of  the  Louisville,  St.  Louis  and  Texas  Raihcay  Company 
across  Salt  River  near  West  Point,  Ky.  *  *  * 

31.  Bridge  of  the  Harlem  River  and  Portchester  Railroad  Company 
across  Bronx  River  heloiv  West  Farms,  N.  Y.  *  *  * 

32.'  Bridge  of  theJaclcsonville,  Tampa  and  Key  West  Railway  Company 

across  St.  Johns  River  at  foot  of  Lalce  Monroe,  Florida. 

******* 

33.  Bridge  of  the  Lahadicville  Bridge  Company  across  Bayou  Lafourche 
at  Labadieville,  La.  *  *  * 

34.  Bridge  of  the  XapoleonviUe  Bridge  Stock  Company  across  Bayou 
Lafourche,  at  JSfapolconvillc,  La.  *  *  * 

35.  Bridge  of  the  Manchester  and  Augusta  Railroad  Company  across 

Santee  River,  about  17  miles  heloic  mouth  of  Congaree  River,  Georgia. 

*  *  *  *  *  *  '* 

3G.  Bridge  of  Orange  County,  Tex.,  across  Coiv  Bayoii,  about  6  miles 
above  its  confluence  with  Sabine  River.         -  *  *  * 

37.  Bridge  of  the  Tarentum  Bridge  Company  across  Allegheny  River  at 
New  Kensington,  Pa.  *  *  * 

56'.  Bridge  «/  the  city  of  Boston,  Mass.,  across  Fort  Point  Channel  at 
Dover  street.  *  *  * 

3D.  Bridge  of  the  city  of  Milwaulcee,  Wis.^  across  North  Menomonee 
Canal  at  Sixteenth  street.  *  *  * 

40.  Bridge  of  the  city  of  Mihcaulcee,  Wis.,  across  Kinnicldnnic  River 
at  Clinton  street.  *  *  # 

41.  Bridge  of  Knox  County,  Tenn.,  across  Holston  River  near  Boyds 
Ferry,  near  Knoxville.       .     *  *  * 

42.  Bridge  of  the  JaclisonviUe,  Tampa  and  Key  West  Railway  Comx)any 
across  McGirts  Creel:,  Duval  County,  Fla.  *  *  * 

43.  Bridge  of  the  JaclcsonviUc,  Tampa  and  Key  West  Railway  Company 
across  Blade  Creek,  Clay  Count];,  Fla.  *  *  *- 

44.  Bridge  of  the  Jaclsonville,  St.  Augustine  and  Indian  River  Rall- 
icay  Company  across  St.  Lucie  River,  Florida.         *  *  * 

45.  Bridge  of  the  Jacksonville,  St.  Augustine  and  Indian  River  Rail- 
tcay  Company  across  Jupiter  River,  Florida.  *  *  * 

40.  Bridge  of  the  Louisville  and  Nashville  Railway  Company  across 
Kentucky  River  at  Frankfort,  Ky.  *  *  * 

47.  Bridge  of  the  Chicago  and  West  Michigan  Railway  Company  across 
St.  Joseph  River,  Michigan,  near  its  mouth.  *    ^        *  * 


REPjORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR.  371 

48.  Bridge  of  the  PiUshurg, Fort  Wayne  and  Cliicago  Railroad  Gomiymiy 
[controlled  by  the  Fennsylvania  Railroad  Company)  across  Sonth  Branch 
of  Chicago  Rivernear  Nineteenth  street,  Chicago,  III. 

a,  *  *  *  *  ** 

'19.  Bridge  of  Cumherland  County,  Me.,  across  mouth  of  Fore  River, 
Fortland  Harbor.  *  *  * 

50.  Bridge  of  the  ^'ashville,  Chattanooga  and  St.  Louis  Raihcay  Com- 
vanii  across  Tennessee  Biver  at  Johnsonville,  Tenn. 

■^       *  *  *  #  *  *  * 

51.  Bridge  of  Mobile  County,  Ala.,  across  Three  Mile  Creelc. 

*  *  *  ft     .  *  *  * 

52.  Bridge  of  the  city  of  Franlcfort  and  county  of  Franldin^  KentucJcy, 
across  Kentucly  River.  *  *  * 

BRIDGES   OBSTRUCTIIvG  NAYICtATIO]S\ 

Under  tlie  requirements  of  sections  4  and  5  of  the  river  and  harbor 
act  approved  September  19,  1890,  the  Secretary  of  War  notified  the 
persons,  corporations,  or  associations  owning-  or  controlling  certain 
bridges  obstructing  navigation,  after  giving  them  a  reasonable  oppor- 
tunity to  be  heard,  to  so  alter'  said  bridges  as  to  render  navigation 
through  or  under  them  reasonably  free,  easy,  and  unobstructed,  speci- 
fying in  the  notice  the  alterations  required  to  be  made,  and  prescribing 
a  reasonable  time  in  which  to  make  them,  as  follows : 

1.  Bridge  across  Buffalo  Bayou,  Texas,  near  Houston,  Tex. — Notice, 
dated  September  14,  1892,  served  on  the  president  of  the  San  Antonio 
and  Aransas  Pass  Railroad  Company,  October  24,  1892.  Alterations 
required:  The  construction  of  a  line,  252  feet  long,  of  ferider-piles  on 
the  left  bank,  and  one,  54  feet  long,  on  the  right  bank,  as  indicated  by 
the  red  dotted  lines  on  the  attached  drawing;  the  piles  to  be  5  feet 
apart  between  centers,  to  be  well  driven,  and  to  be  cut  off  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  13  feet  above  the  level  of  mean  low  water  at  the  locality,  and 
to  be  strongly  connected  with  each  other  on  the  inner  or  shore  side  of 
the  line  of  piling  by  two  lines  of  G  inches  by  12  inches  string  pieces 
placed  horizontally;  the  lines  of  fender-piles  to  be  well  braced  by 
timbers  bolted,  at  intervals  of  10- feet,  to  the  fender-piling  and  to  a 
row  of  piles  between  the  fender-piling  and  the  shore;  the  removal  of 
the  false  work  to  the  level,  at  least,  of  the  tops  of  the  fender-piles;  the 
removal  of  any  obstructions  on  the  chan.nel  sides  of  the  lines  of  fender- 
piling  that  may  have  been  placed  in  the  bayou;  and  the  removal,  or 
sawing  off,  of  the  ends  of  any  caps  pertaining  to  the  false  work  that 
may  project  into  the  bayou  beyond  the  channel  sides  of  the  fender- 
pilings.  Alterations  to  be  made  and  coinpleted  on  or  before  January 
24,  1893. 

The  alterations  have  been  C()mi)leted. 

2.  Bridge  across  Dichinson  Bayou,  Texas. — Xotice,  dated  February  13, 
1893,  served  on  George  J.  Gould,  president  of  the  Galveston,  Houston 
and  Henderson  Railroad  Company,  February  20,  1893.  Alterations 
required:  Remove  the  seventh  bent  from  the  right  bank  and  replace 
that  part  of  the  bridge  whicli  now  spans  the  space  between  the  sixth 
and  eighth  bents  from  the  right  bank  by  girders  or  other  construction 
so  as  to  afford  a  clear  width  of  not  less  than  24  feet  and  clear  headroom 
of  not  less  than  13  feet  above  low  water  for  the  free  passage  of  boats, 
and  clear  from  this  space  all  piling  or  other  obstructions  to  navigation 
that  may  have  been  placed  there  Ijy  the  company;  all  as  indicated  ou 


372  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE    . 

attaclied  tracing.    Alterations  to  be  made  and  completed  on  or  before 
May  20,  1893. 

Owing  to  a  misunderstanding  in  serving  the  notice,  tlie  work  in 
making  the  alterations  was  delayed.  The  superintendent  of  the  bridge 
and  building  department  of  the  railroad  company  has  acknowledged 
service  of  the  notice,  and  promised  that  the  alterations  will  be  made  as 
soon  as  possible. 

3.  ^^  Portland  Bridge,''''  across  Fore  Biver,  Portland  Ilarhor,  Maine, — 
Kotice  dated  February  20,  1893,  served  on  the  chairman  of  the  board 
of  county  commissioners  of  Cumberland  County,  Me.,  February  24, 
1893.  Alterations  required :  The  draw  openings  of  the  bridge  to  be 
modified  so  as  to  give  a  clear  width  of  not  less  than  70  feet  in  each;  the 
new  draw  to  be  located  so  that  the  north  end  will  not  reach  beyond 
the  existing  turntable  pier;  the  new  drawpier  to  be  set  practically 
parallel  to  the  existing  harbor  commissioner's  line  on  the  Portland  city 
front;  and  the  existing  drawpier  and  other  parts  of  the  bridge  not 
utilized  in  the  new  structure  to  be  removed.  Alterations  to  be  made 
and  completed  on  or  before  February  21,  lc91. 

In  March  the  county  commissioners  submitted  i)la,ns  for  the  altera- 
tions of  the  bridge,  which  were  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and 
the  engineer  officer  in  charge  of  the  district  where  the  bridge  is  located 
was  charged  with  the  suiiervision  of  constructing  the  alterations.  (See 
above,  p.  472.) 

4.  "  Washington  Bridge,'-  across  Housaton ic Fiver  hcticeen  Stratford  and 
Milford,  Conn. — Notice,  dated  February  20,  1893,  served  on  the  secre- 
tary of  the  joint  bridge  board  of  Fairfield  and  Xew  Haven  counties, 
Conn.,  March  2,  1893.  Alterations  required:  (1)  That  a  swing  draw 
be  constructed  in  the  bridge  at  or  near  the  middle  of  the  river;  (2) 
that  the  clear  width  of  opening  on  either  side  of  the  iniddle  or  pivot 
pier  of  the  draw  be  not  less  than  80  feet;  (3)  that  the  location  of  the 
center  of  such  pivot  pier  be  not  less  than  2G5  feet  nor  more  than  340 
feet  from  the  east  abutment  of  the  bridge  as  it  now  stands;  (4)  that 
any  rjarts  of  the  existing  piers,  or  foundations  of,  or  rii^rap  around  the 
same,  wiiich  lie  within  the  draw-spans,  be  removed  to  a  dei^th  of  not 
less  than  12  feet  below  mean  low  water;  (5)  that  the  piers  on  cither 
side  of  the  draw  openings  be  inclosed  by  suitable  guards,  i)iers  of 
timber,  and  piles  above  and  below,  to  prevent  vessels  striking  the 
piers.  Alterations  to  be  made  and  completed  on  or  before  December 
1,  1893. 

The  board  of  commissioners  have  decided  that  it  will  be  expedient 
to  build  a  new  bridge,  and  have  prepared  i;)lans  for  the  same  in  com- 
pliance with  the  notice.    Contracts  for  the  work  are  about  to  be  let. 

5.  Bridge  across  Salvunet  or  Seaconnet  River  at  Tiverton,  B.  I. — 
iNTotice,  dated  July  1,  1893,  served  on  the  president  of  the  Old  Colony 
Eailroad  Company,  July  7,  1893.  Alteration  required:  To  provide 
the  bridge  with  a  draw  having  an  opening  of  100  feet  in  width  in  the 
clear.  Alterations  to  be  made  and  completed  on  or  before  July  1, 
1894. 

On  the  1st  of  July  the  president  of  the  company  was  advised  by  the 
Acting  Secretary  of  War  that  the  needs  of  navigation  will  probably 
soon  require  tlie  opening  to  be  deepened  to  25  feet  depth  at  low  water, 
and  that  the  piers  and  abutments  of  the  span  ought  to  be  constructed 
accordingly. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF   AVAR.  373 

CONSTRUCTION  AND  IMPEOYEMBNT  OF  ROADS  AND  BRIDaES  IN  YEL- 
LOWSTONE NATIONAL  PARK. 

Officer  iu  cliarge,  Maj.  William  A.  Jones,  Corps  of  Eugineers,  witli 
Lieut.  Hiram  M.  Crittenden,  Corps  of  Engineers,  under  his  immediate 
orders  until  March  28,  1893  5  Division  Engineer,  Col.  O.  M.  Poe,  Corps 
of  Engineers. 

The  construction  of  roads  and  bridges  in  Yellowstone  National  Park 
vas  commenced  iu  a  systematic  manner  in  1883,  when  the  direction  of 
the  work  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  an  officer  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers. 
A  number  of  small  appropriations  had  been  expended  in  the  endeavor 
to  make  it  possible  to  reach  the  main  objects  of  interest;  access  was 
rendered  possible,  but  only  after  a  tiresome  trip,  attended  with  consid- 
erable danger.  Since  1883  the  work  has  remained  in  the  charge  ot  the 
Engineer  Department. 

At  the  outset  the  engineers  adopted  a  project  which  has  since  been 
followed.  It  embraces  a  belt-line  road,  commencing  at  Gardiner,  on 
the  north  boundary  line  of  the  Park;  thence  to  Mammoth  Hot  Springs; 
thence  to  Upper  Geyser  Basin  via  i^orris  Geyser  and  Lower  Geyser 
basins;  thence  to  the  outlet  of  Yellowstone  Lake  via  Shoshone  Lake 
and  the  west  arm  of  Yellowstone  Lake,  crossing  the  Continenal  Divide 
of  the  Eocky  Mountains  twice;  thence  to  Yancey  via  the  Falls  and 
Grand  Canyon  of  the  Yellowstone  Eiver;  thence  to  Mammoth  Hot 
Springs,  completing  a  circuit  of  about  145  miles.  There  are  also 
included  in  the  i>roject  a  road  froru  the  west  boundary  line  of  the  Park 
to  intersect  the  road  along  the  Yellowstone  Eiver,  between  the  lake 
outlet  and  the  Falls,  via  Lower  Geyser  Basin;  a  road  from  Norris  Gey- 
ser Basin  to  the  Falls  of  the  Yellowstone;  a  road  from  Yancey  to  the 
easi  line  of  the  Park,  and  short  branch  roads  to  points  of  interest, 
comprising  in  all  about  225  miles  of  new  roads,  with  necessary  bridges 
and  culverts.     Estimated  costs,  as  revised  in  1889,  $444,779.42. 

The  act  of  Congress  approved  March  3,  1891,  changed  the  project  of 
that  part  of  the  belt  line  between  Lower  Geyser  Basin  and  Yellowstone 
Lake  by  requiring  the  road  to  be  built  "by  the  shortest  practicable 
route"  from  Fountain  Geyser  to  the  Thumb  of  Y^ellowstone  Lake. 
This  change  did  not  materially  effect  the  cost. 

The  act  of  Congress  approved  August  5,  1892,  appropriated  $45,000 
and  provided — 

That  fifteen  tliousaud  dollars  of  tliis  amount,  or  so  much  thereof  as  maybe  neces- 
sary, may  he  expended,  in  the  discretion  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  for  the  construc- 
tion of  a  road  from  the  Upper  Geyser  Basin  to  a  i)oint  on  Snake  River  where  it 
crosses  the  southern  boundary  of  the  Park, 

This  act  has  been  construed  as  the  wish  of  Congress  to  modify  the 
project  by  adding  about  33J  miles  of  roads,  which  will  considerably 
increase  the  estimated  cost  made  in  1889.  Experience  has  proven  the 
estimate  to  have  been  too  low,  even  for  the  original  project.  The  officer 
in  charge  proposes  at  an  early  date  to  submit  an  estimate  for  the  com- 
pletion of  tlie  project  as  amended  by  the  acts  of  Congress.  The  officer 
also  calls  attention  to  the  fitct  that  about  20  per  cent  of  the  appropri- 
ations thus  far  made  have  been  expended  in  repairs  and.  should  not  be 
charged  to  the  cost  of  constructing  new  roads.  At  the  beginniiig  of 
the  year  IIG  miles  of  roads  had  been  opened  to  travel,  though  their 
construction  is  not  yet  completed.  These  roads  enabled  tourists  to 
visit  Mammoth  Hot  Springs,  Norris  Geyser  Basin,  Lower  Geyser  Basin, 
Upper  Geyser  Basin,  Yellowstone  Lake,  the  Falls,  and  upper  end  of 
the  Grand  Canyon  of  the  Y^ellowstone  Eiver.    Total  amount  expended 


374  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

iipou  tlie  project  since  commeTicement  of  ^ork  in  1883  to  June  30, 1892, 
incliidiDg  oiitstaudiiig  liabilities,  $334,779.42. 

During  tlie  past  year  tlie  bulk  of  the  work  lias  beeu  in  repair  and 
improving  the  construction  of  existing  roads.  Sbort  stretches  of  ue^Y 
roads  were  built  to  avoid  excessive  grades  in  old  roads  at  Norris  and 
Canyon  Oreek  Hills.  The  construction  of  a  new  road  1  mile  long  was 
commenced  at  the  Upper  Falls  of  the  Yellowstone,  to  replace  an  equal 
length  of  old  road.  The  road  to  Inspiration  Point  was  extended  half  a 
mile.  Repairs  were  made  from  Mammoth  Hot  Springs  to  Cook  City,  at 
Viiginia  Cascade,  on  Blandeu  Hill,  and  in  Gibbon  and  Grand  canyons. 

Six  substantial  bridges  Avere  constructed,  of  an  average  span  of  40 
feet;  two  over  Gibbon  Eiver,  tliree  over  the  Tirehole  above  Upper 
Ba>sin,  and  one  small  bridge  across  a  tributary  of  the  latter  river. 


MILITAIIT  AND   OTHER  MAPS. 

The  following  maps  and  plans  liave  been  photolithographed  and  an 
edition  printed: 

Map  of  that  portion  of  the  Department  of  the  Platte  and  adjacent 
territory  east  of  the  one  hundred  and  third  meridian. 

Ma])  of  a  ])ortion  of  Southeastern  Arizona. 

Outline  maj)  of  the  lalio  front,  Chicago,  111.,  from  Chicago  Harbor  to 
Indiana  State  line,  l^o.  3. 

Detail  drav^ings  of  Lock  and  Dam  Xo.  2,  Great  Kanawha  Eiver, 
West  Virginia,  in  twelve  sbeets. 

Map  of  moditication  in  the  ijierhead  line  for  the  west  shore  of  Arthur 
Kill,  New  Jersey,  from  Smith  street,  Perth  Amboy,  north  to  Plough- 
share Point. 

Map  of  modification  in  the  pierhead  and  bulkhead  line  around  Pikers 
Island,  East  Eiver,  New  York. 

Map  of  moditication  in  the  pierhead  and  buliihead  line  for  the  east- 
erh"  shore  of  East  Eiver  at  Eavenswood,  Queens  County,  N.  Y. 

RECONNAISSANCES  AND   EXPLORATIONS. 

The  following  officers  have  been  on  duty  at  the  licadquarters  of  the 
militarj^  d.epartments  engaged  in  preparing  such  maps  and  making  such 
surveys  as  were  required  by  their  respective  commanding  officers: 

Lieut.  Cassius  E.  Gillette,  Corps  of  Engineers,  at  headquarters 
Dei)artment  of  the  Missouri. 

Maj.  Tully  McCrea,  Fifth  U.  S.  Artillery,  at  headquarters  Depart- 
ment of  the  Columbia. 

Capt.  Charles  A.  Worden,  Seventh  U.  S.  Infantry,  at  lieadquarters 
Dei)artment  of  the  Platte. 

Jiieut.  Charles  G.  Lyman,  Second  U.  S.  Cavalry,  at  headquarters 
Department  of  California. 

Lieut.  Cassius  E.  Gillette,  Corps  of  Engineers,  engineer  officer, 
Dei)artmeut  of  the  Missouri,  reports  tliat  the  rifle  range  at  Fort  Sher- 
idan, Idaho,  was  resurveyed  and  levels  were  taken  for  the  purpose  of 
improving  the  grade  of  the  range;  that  the  office  work  has  consisted 
in  the  i)reparation  of  maps  and  tracings  of  original  drawings  and 
sketches,  mounting  and  coriecting  maps,  and  furnishing  blue  prints 
for  the  ceremonies  connected  with  the  dedication  of  the  World's  Fair 
Grounds  in  October,  1892.     (See  Appendix  F  F  F  1.) 

Maj.  Tully  McCrea,  Fifth  U.  S.  Artillery,  acting  engineer  officer, 
Department  of  the  Columbia,  reports  that  field  operations  have  con- 
sisted of  surveying  and  marking  the  lines  of  the  iniblic  land  survey 


RErORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  375 

tlirougii  the  Yancoiwer  Barracks  military  reservation;  maps,  plans, 
tracings,  and  blue  x^riuts  have  been  made  and  issued  and  the  military 
maps  of  tlie  department  kept  up  to  date  by  tbe  addition  of  all  available 
topograpliical  information.     (See  Appendix  F  F  F  2.) 

Capt.  Charles  A,  Worden,  Seventh  TJ.  S.  Infantry,  acting  engineer 
officer,  Department  of  the  Platte,  reports  that  in  August,  1892,  he 
visited  Fort  Sidney  and  marked  out  20  acres  on  the  mditary  reserva- 
tion to  be  used  by  the  city  of  Sidney,  Xebr.,  as  a  cemetery,  in  accord- 
ance Y\ith  the  act  of  Congress  of  June  10,  1892;  that  the  maio  of  the 
department  and  adjacent  territory  east  of  the  one  hundred  and  third 
meridian  was  completed,  reproduced,  and  published,  and  about  150 
copies  distributed;  that  work  has  been  continued  on  the  revision  of  the 
map  of  the  western  liortion  of  the  department ;  and  that  numerous  maps 
have  been  mounted  on  cloth,  tracings  and  blue  prints  made,  and  note 
books,  instruments,  aiid  drawings  supplied  to  the  various  posts  in  the 
department.     (See  Appendix  F  F  F  3.) 

Lieut.  Charles  G-.  Lyman,  Second  U.  S.  Cavalry,  in  charge  of  engineer 
office.  Department  of  California,  reports  that  the  office  work  involved 
the  preparation  of  original  dravrings,  tracing,  and  blue  print  of  maps, 
etc.,  coloring,  mounting,  and  distribution  of  maps,  the  care  and  preser- 
vation of  surveying  and  astronomical  instruments  in  store,  and  issuing 
the  same  to  the  different  posts,  to  troops  in  the  field,  and  to  the  quar- 
termaster's department.  ZSTo  field  work  of  any  importance  has  been 
entered  into  during  the  year.     (See  Appendix  F  F  F  4.) 

ESTIMATES  FOR  AMOUNTS  REQUIRED  FOR  SURVEYS  AND  RECONNAIS- 
SANCES IN  MILITARY  DEPARTMENTS,  AND  FOR  MAPS,  INCLUSIVE 
OF   WAR  MAPS. 

For  military  surveys  and  reconnaissances  and  surveys  of  military 
reservations  by  the  engineer  officers  attached  to  the  several  headquar- 
ters of  military  departments,  being  an  average  of  §2,142,86  for  each  of 
seven  military  departments  west  of  the  Mississippi  Eiver,  $15,000;  for 
imblication  of  maps  for  use  of  the  War  Department,  inclusive  of  war 
maps,  $10,000;  total,  $25,000. 

Attention  is  specially  invited  to  this  estimate  for  appropriation  and 
to  the  important  uses  for  which  it  is  intended. 

At  the  headquarters  of  the  military  departments  west  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Eiver  there  are  stationed  officers  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  or 
other  officers  detailed  to  act,  whose  duty  it  is  to  make  reconnaissances 
for  military  purposes,  to  make  such  surveys  and  i)repare  such  maps  as 
may  be  required  by  their  respective  commanding  officers.  In  recent 
years  no  appropriations  have  been  made  for  these  pur^joses,  and,  con- 
sequently, these  officers  have  been  very  much  cramped  for  lack  of  the 
necessary  means,  and  the  usefulness  of  their  offices  has  been  very  much 
reduced  in  consequence.  The  maps  of  these  departments  are  con- 
stantly in  need  of  revision  and  additions,  which  the  officers  make  so  far 
as  possible,  but  with  no  means  even  for  the  purchase  of  paper  their 
efforts  are  limited  in  results. 

Paragraph  383  of  the  Army  Eegulations  requires  that  the  command- 
ing officer  of  each  post  where  there  are  fixed  batteries  bearing  upon  a 
channel  will  call  upon  the  Engineer  Department  for  accurate  charts 
showing  the  soundings  to  the  extent  of  the  ranges  of  the  guns.  Calls 
upon  this  dej^artment  to  perform  its  duty  under  this  regulation  can  not 
be  honored  from  lack  of  means. 

Interest  in  the  war  max)s  published  by  this  office  and  republished  by 


376  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

virtue  of  the  sundry  civil  act  of  ]\rrtrcli  2,  1889,  continues  very  active. 
Of  the  1,100  copies  of  each  map  printed  under  the  act  alluded  to,  all 
those  not  printed  in  this  office  (47  sheets)  have  been  exhausted  for 
some  time,  and  the  calls  for  them  can  only  be  honored  with  sets  deficient 
in  that  number  of  sheets. 

Besides  all  this,  there  is  much  information  in  this  office  relative  to 
military  geography  which  could  with  little  expense  be  made  available 
for  the  information  of  oflicers  of  the  Army;  for  instance,  there  are  on 
the  ofdce  files  detailed  maps  of  regions  of  Europe  which  may  become 
at  an  early  day  the  theaters  of  war,  and  it  would  be  of  great  advantage 
to  the  service  if  such  information  as  these  maps  give  could  be  made 
available  for  the  study  of  officers,  especially  on  the  outbreak  of  hos- 
tilities. Were  the  means  provided,  this  office  Avould  be  glad  to  compile 
and  to  disseminate  the  information  on  its  files. 

It  is  the  policy  of  this  country  to  heej)  a  standing  army  small  in  num- 
bers, but  it  is  its  expectation  that  it  should  be  a  highly  instructed  one, 
and  a  small  outlay  as  here  referred  to  will  be  conducive  to  that  end. 

Ajiplications  from  oificers  of  the  Army  have  been  received  for  maps 
of  certain  regions  of  Europe,  and  it  was  with  great  regret  that  this 
office  could  not  render  this  assistance  to  officers  desirous  of  improving 
themselves  professionally,  esiDecially  when  the  material  was  on  its  files. 

Yery  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

Thos.  Lincoln  Casey, 
Brig.  Gen.,  Chief  of  Ungineers. 
Hon.  Daniel  S.  Lamont, 

Secretary  of  War. 


annual  keport  of  the  mississippi  river  commission  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  june  30,  1893. 

Army  Building, 
I^eio  Yorlc  City,  June  2S,  1893. 
Sir:  The  Mississippi  Kiver  Commission  has  the  honor  to  submit  its 
annual  report  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893. 

The  act  approved  July  13,  1892,  appropriated  the  following  sums  to 
be  expended  under  the  Commission : 

Improvement  of — 

Memphis  Harbor,  Tennessee $25,  000 

Vicksburg  Harbor,  Mississijjpi 80,  000 

Greenville  Harbor,  Mississippi 100,  000 

Natcbez  Harbor,  Mississippi )  o^  ^/^/^ 

Vidalia  Harbor,  Louisiana ^  r:>^,^iW 

Atcbafalaya  and  Red  rivers 80,  000 

Mississippi  River 2,  000,  000 

The  last-named  sum  was  distributed  as  follows: 

Levees $1,  500,  000 

Channel  ^vork8  (construction) 333,  000 

Channel  works  (dredgiui;) 35,  000 

Plant ". ._ 110,000 

Surveys,  gauges,  and  observations 22,  000 

Details  of  allotments  are  shown  in  the  financial  statements. 
Transfers  of  allotments  and  of  previous  balances  have  been  made  as 
follows :  , 

The  levee  system  having  been  redistricted  balances  of  previous  allot- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SEGRETARy  OF  WAR.  377 

meuts  for  levees  was  trausferred  to  tlie  new  titles.  From  Plum  Point 
$25,000  has  beeu  trausferred  to  rebuilding  tlie  steamer  Mississi2)])i, 
$15,000  to  dredging  experiments,  and  82,000  to  surveys,  gauges,  and 
observations. 

First  and  second  districts:  From  tlie  balance  for  Memphis  Harbor 
lias  been  transferred  $7,431.78  to  Hopelield  Bend.  From  Aslibrook 
]S"eck  has  been  transferred  $25,000  to  plant  for  the  third  district. 
From  the  general  service  its  remaining  balance  of  $10,345.33  has  been 
transferred  to  surveys,  gauges,  and  observations  under  the  secretary. 

The  act  approved  March  3,  1893,  appropriated  the  sum  of  $2,665,000, 
to  be  available  July  1, 1893. 

From  this  distribution  has  been  made  as  follows : 

Levees $1,500,000 

Chauuel  vrorks  (coustruction) 455,  000 

Dreclgiua;  esperimeuts 40,  000 

Plant 292,000 

Surveys,  gauges,  and  observations 132,  000 

Expenses  of  Mississippi  River  Commission 40,  000 

leaving  unallotted  $206,000,  of  wliioli  $150,000  is  held  awaiting  the  results  of  the 
dredging  experiments. 

******  * 

REVETMENTS  a'i^JD   DREDGING. 

Duriug  the  past  year  special  examinations  have  been  made  of  all  the 
bank  revetments  in  each  of  the  districts  where  they  have  been  built  to 
ascertain  defects  of  construction  or  change  of  condition  caused  by  them. 
These  surveys  have  disclosed  the  ftict  of  a  general  deepening  from 
scour  along  the  outer  edges  of  the  mats.  In  some  cases  the  mat  has 
adjusted  itself  to  the  new  condition,  as  was  intended,  while  in  others 
the  test  of  its  flexibility  has  been  too  great  and  faults  have  occurred. 
In  smne  places,  also,  there  has  been  settlement  in  the  middle  of  mats 
rather  than  along  their  edges,  indicating  that  greater  thickness  or  den- 
sity is  required  in  very  exposed  situations.  Defects  have  also  been 
found  between  the  low-water  mats  and  those  built  on  the  graded  bank. 
Under  the  strain  of  the  long-continued  floods  of  recent  years  the  injury 
suffered  by  the  revetment  work  has  beeu  suflieient  to  require  a  modifi- 
cation of  some  of  the  details  of  construction  of  bank  protection. 

The  history  of  this  work,  under  the  Commission,  is  one  of  progressive 
increase  in  size  and  strength  of  structures  employed  as  the  necessity 
for  such  increase  has  beeu  developed  and  as,  by  invention  and  the  skill 
which  comes  from  experience,  the  building  and  handling  of  larger  and 
stronger  structures  has  become  possible.  The  mattresses  used  in  the 
Lower  Mississippi  for  five  years  past  have  been  the  heaviest  and  widest 
ever  made  for  like  purpose  in  the  history  of  engineering.  To  build  and 
sink  them  in  the  deepest  and  swiftest  stream  upon  which  such  improve- 
ment has  been  attempted  is  an  undertaking  of  extreme  difficulty.  It 
could  not  have  been  done  successfully  in  the  earlier  stages  of  the 
imx)roveinent. 

These  works  have  always  accomplished  the  results  intended  in  their 
construction.  The  holding  of  a  caving  bank  has  always  contributed 
to  the  improvement  in  the  chainiel.  The  one  open  question  of  the 
whole  problem  of  low-water  improvement  upon  the  lines  hitherto  fol- 
lowed is  the  permanence  of  the  works  employed  for  bank  protection. 
In  this  respect  there  is  more  to  be  desired  than  has  been  attained. 

Upon  careful  consideration  of  the  subject  the  Commission  believes  it 


378  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

advisable  to  furtber  ir.odify  tlie  construction  of  mattresses  used  in  revet- 
ment Avork  Avith  a  view  to  securing  more  flexibility  and  greater  density 
in  certain  parts  tliat  are  particularly  exposed,  and  a  better  connection 
between  tlie  mats  above  and  below  lov.^  water,  at  the  same  time  retain- 
ing the  strength  and  general  mctliods  of  construction  and  bandliug. 
This  will  involve  additional  cost.-  But,  believing  it  to  be  warranted  by 
the  importance  of  the  work,  the  engineers  in  charge  have  been  directed 
to  adoi)t  methods  to  secure  these  ends  in  the  work  of  the  coming  sea- 
son. ^Vith  these  moditlcatious  of  structure  other  and  additional  safe- 
guards will  be  introduced. 

In  view  of  these  facts  and  conclusions  it  has  been  recommeiided  that, 
during  the  coming  working  season,  new  revetment  work  be  confined  to 
PlumPoint  Reach  and  Hopefleld  Bend.    ' 

These  considerations  and  the  recommendation  to  which  they  lead 
may  involve  a  delay  in  the  present  methods  of  channel  improvement 
which  the  rapidly  increa sing  demand  for  better  low-water  navigation 
can  not  stand.  The  Commission  has  therefore  had  under  consideration 
for  the  past  year  the  subject  of  temporarily  dredging  such  bars  as  may, 
during  each  low-water  season,  limit  the  navigable  depth  between  Cniro 
and  Red  River.  After  very  full  study  they  have  devised  a  plan  and 
are  building  an  experimental  dredging  plant  on  the  lines  which  they 
think  are  most  likely  to  accompli.-^  this  purpose.  This  will  be  large 
enough  to  demonstrate  satisfactorily  the  feasibility  or  otherv>ise  of 
affording  relief  to  commerce  by  this  class  of  work.  It  is  recognized 
that  to  be  at  all  efficient  this  dredging  nuist  be  done  on  a  scale  rarely, 
if  ever,  previously  attempted.  The  character  of  dredge  to  be  used,  the 
manner  and  possible  speed  of  working,  and  above  all  the  best  method 
of  disposing  of  the  dredged  material,  are  points  of  great  importance 
which  nuist  be  settled  before  the  great  cost  of  the  final  plant  required 
should  be  incurred.  The  experimental  dredge  now  building  is  designed 
to  throAv  light  on  these  points  as  far  as  possible.  It  is  expected  tliat 
it  will  be  completed  in  time  to  be  used  during  the  Ioav  water  of  the 
present  season.  The  Connnission  has,  therefore,  also  reserved  from 
other  allotments  a  sum  sufficient  to  construct  a  dredge  boat  of  suffi- 
cient size  and  capacity  to  fully  apply  the  results  of  these  experiments 
on  the  practicability  of  the  temx>orary  improvement  of  navigation  by 
such  means. 

HIGH  AVATER   OF   1893   AND  LEVEES. 

The  volume  of  discharge  of  the  flood  of  1893  was  of  very  much  more 
than  average  magnitude,  and  it  is  possible  in  this  respect,  after  the 
discharge  measurements  are  i^repared,  that  in  some  j^arts  of  the  river 
it  may  rank  among  the  very  great  floods.  The  volume  contained 
between  levees  was  greater  than  ever  before.  The  following  dates  and 
stages  at  different  localities  on  the  main  river  and  its  tributaries 
show  clearly  the  sources  from  which  the  contributions  were  received : 

Feet. 

Cinciuuati,  May  2 50.  6 

Cliattanooija,  Ma v  G 28. 2 

Nashville/MayO.' 19.9 

St.  Lonis,  Ua\  3 31.  5 

e  a  i  10 ,  M  a  y  9 ". 49.3 

Little  Koc-k,  May  3 25.2 

Alexandria,  May  27 21 

The  northern  tributaries  of  the  Ohio,  the  St.  Francis,  White,  and 
Yazoo  were  also  excessively  high  during  the  month  of  May.  It  will 
thus  be  seen  that  veiy  large  discharges  combined  from  all  flood-making 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    \YAR.  379 

sources,  escijpt  the  Tennessee  and  the  Cumberland,  -wliicli  did  not 
rise  much  above  a  half-flood  stage. 

The  high  water  resulting  from  these  sources  in  1893  was  in  many 
respects  similar  to  that  of  the  previous  year.  Both  came  exceedingly 
late  in  the  season,  and  later  in  1893  than  in  1892. 

The  resemblance  between  the  floods  is  also  noticeable  in  the  fact  that 
between  Arkansas  City  and  Yicksburg  and  below  Eed  River  greater 
absolute  heights  were  reached  than  were  ever  recorded  before,  and 
greater  relative  heights  than  were  observed  in  either  year  above 
Arkansas  City. 

The  greater  heights  of  these  floods  in  the  parts  of  the  river  above 
mentioned  is  to  be  mainly,  if  not  entirely,  attributed  to  the  larger  vol- 
ume of  discharge  held  between  the  levees  by  their  improved  condition. 

Notwithstanding  the  substantial  equality  in  the  flood  heights  of  the 
past  and  present  high  water  the  number  of  crevasses  in  1893  have  been 
less  than  ever  before  whenever  any  such  stage  prevailed,  and  several 
districts  have  entirely  escajjed  overflow.  The  number  of  unclosed  cre- 
vasses in  1892  was  ten,  with  an  aggregate  open  length  of  10,982  feet, 
or  about  one  in  550  miles.  During  the  present  flood  there  have  been 
six  unclosed  crevasses.  The  aggregate  length  of  these  is  not  yet  ascer- 
tained, nor  is  the  information  yet  in  the  possession  of  the  Commission 
to  i:)repare  a  complete  statement  of  the  area  of  land  overflowed,  as  com- 
pared with  i)reviou3  years,  although  the  indications  are  that  it  will  be 
less.  It  may  be  well,  in  connection  vrith  this  review  of  the  high  water 
of  1893,  to  briefly  describe  the  existing  levee  system,  its  conditions, 
results,  and  requirements.  Below  the  junction  of  the  Mississippi  and 
Ohio  the  hills  crowd  closely  to  the  left  bank  and  prevent  any  large 
escax^e  of  high  water  as  far  down  as  Memphis.  Here  no  general  system 
of  levees  exists  or  is  required.  On  the  right  bank  below  Cairo  lies  the 
St.  Francis  Basin,  extending  from  Capo  Girardeau,  Mo.,  to  Helena, 
Ark.  It  is  drained  by  the  St.  Francis  Elver  and  Bayou  St.  Johji. 
This  large  region  has  never  been  protected  from  overflow,  and  only 
now  are  cooperative  measures  being  taken  by  the  General  Government 
and  the  local  organizations  to  inaugurate  a  system  of  levees.  On  the 
left  bank,  a  short  distance  below  Memj^his,  and  on  the  right  bank,  at 
Helena,  iDcgin  the  existing  levee  systems.  Tliat  on  the  left  bank 
extends  down  near  to  Yicksburg  and  i^rotects  the  Yazoo  Basin.  It  is 
in  good  condition,  generally  having  strong  sections  and  grades  from 
3  to  4  feet  above  high  water.  It  vrithstood  the  flootls  of  the  years  1892 
and  1893  without  a  break,  although  the  inflood  of  1882,  when  the  water 
was  from  2  to  3^  feet  lower  along  the  front  of  the  basin,  there  were  149 
crevasses.  The  levee  system  on  the  right  bank,  from  Helena  down  to 
White  River,  is  intended  to  protect  the  White  River  Basin,  and  is  now 
in  i)rocess  of  construction.  When  completed  it  will  have  provisionally 
efiicient  grades  and  sections.  Below  the  Arkansas  River,  and  still  on 
the  right  bank,  lies  the  Tensas  Basin,  extending  to  Red  River,  330 
miles,  partly  in  Arkansas  and  partly  in  Louisiana.  A  line  of  levees 
extends  along  the  entire  front  of  this  basin.  These  levees  are  by  no 
means  in  a  condition  equal  to  those  on  the  left  bank,  and  crevasses 
have  been  of  annual  occurrence.  Much  work  is  still  required  to  bring 
them  to  a  state  to  safely  resist  floods  equaling  those  of  the  past  two 
years. 

Below  Red  River  the  levees  extend  on  the  right  bank  to  about  70 
miles  below  New  Orleans,  while  on  the  left  bank,  owing  to  the  prox- 
imity of  the  hills,  they  only  commence  at  Baton  Rouge,  from  which 
point  they  also  extend  to  about  70  miles  below  New  Orleans.    Although 


380  PAPEKS    ACCOMPANYI^'G    THE 

these  levees  on  botli  banks  have  been  recently  much  improved,  yet  no 
year  has  passed  without  crevasses  on  one  side  or  the  other,  and  much 
work  is  still  required  to  make  them  efficient. 

It  has  ai)peared  to  the  Commission  to  be  a  wise  polic5^iu  levee  build- 
ing-, owing  to  the  extent  of  the  work  and  the  limited  a^nount  applicable 
to  it  in  any  one  year,  to  promptly  close  all  breaks  as  soon  as  practicable 
after  their  occurrence,  in  order  to  maintain  the  continuity  of  the  line, 
and  to  build  as  long  an  extent  of  levee  as  possible,  with  a  provisioiial 
grade  and  strength  sufficient  to  resist  the  high  waters  that  recur  with 
substantial  regxilarity,  in  order  to  give  the  earliest  and  widest  protec- 
tion, even  if  this  protection  is  not  absolute.  This  course  commends 
itself  rather  than  to  build  levees  at  i^resent  to  an  estimated  grade  and 
strength  which  will  be  sufficient  to  confine  the  entire  discharge  of  the 
greatest  future  Hoods,  and,  in  the  meantime,  to  leave  unimproved  long- 
stretches  that  will  be  breached  by  every  ordinary  high  water.  The 
levee  authorities  of  all  the  riparian  States  concur  in  and  act  upon  this 
line  in  their  yearly  work.  It  is  believed  that  the  wisdom  of  this  policy 
has  alreadj^  proved  itself  by  the  increased  cooi^eration  which  is  coming 
from  local  sources,  by  the  increase  of  acreage  under  cultivation,  and  of 
the  value  of  land,  and  also  of  population  in  many  of  the  districts,  and 
by  a  greater  feeling  of  confidence  in  those  who  live  behind  levees. 

The  effect  of  such  improvement  as  has  already  been  made  has  been 
to  confine  between  levees  a  much  larger  high  water  volume,  amounting, 
in  some  localities,  as  at  Lake  Providence,  to  an  increase  of  40  per  cent. 
Accomx)anying  this  increase  of  volume  is,  of  course,  an  increase  of 
flood  height.  The  extreme  instance  of  this  is  again  found  at  Lake 
Providence,  where  the  flood  rise  of  the  river  has  increased,  since  the 
improvement  of  the  levees,  3.5  feet,  or  about  8  per  cent.  A  statement 
of  the  same  tenor  applies  to  Baton  Kouge,  where  the  increase  of  flood 
rise  has  been  2.45  feet,  or  7  per  cent,  although  dimng  the  floods  of 
1892  and  1893  the  entire  discharge  at  Red  River  Landing  upwards  of 
1,300,000  cubic  feet  per  second  has,  owing  to  the  improvement  of  the 
levees  of  the  Atchafalaya  district,  been  transmitted  past  Baton  Rouge. 
In  all  previous  years  when  any  such  discharge  passed  Red  River 
disastrous  breaks  above  Baton  Rouge  materially  reduced  the  volume 
passing  the  latter  point. 

Undoubtedly  greater  heights  will  occur  when  a  still  larger  proportion 
of  high  water  discharge  is  controlled  between  levees  and  when  abnor- 
mal floods,  such  as  in  18G2  or  1882,  occur,  but  in  the  meantime  the 
improvement  of  the  levees  undertaken  and  approaching  completion  in 
some  basins,  and  well  advanced  in  all,  brings  in  sight  a  condition  of 
the  levee  system  that  will  give  substantial  relief  and  i)rotection  in  all 
except  years  of  unusual  floods.  The  measure  of  x>rosperity  thus 
induced  will  help  to  supplj'^  the  resources  for  the  final  completion  and 
mnintenance  of  the  work. 

To  any  other  system  for  the  protection  of  these  alluvial  lands  there 
are  objections,  both  theoretical  and  practical,  which  can  not  be  over- 
come. Those  of  a  theoretical  character  are  connected  with  the 
hydraulic  law  that  a  reduction  of  flood  discharge  in  a  silt-formed  chan- 
nel will  reduce  its  capacity  below  the  point  of  outlet.  This  observation 
has  been  repeated  in  the  many  local  comx)arative  surveys  of  the  river 
bed  made  by  the  Commission  before  and  after  crevasses,  or  before  and 
after  rebuilding  the  levee  made  necessary  by  a  crevasse.  The  difficul- 
ties of  a  ])ractical  nature  consist  of  the  necessity  of  continuing  any  out- 
let to  the  Gulf  without  return  to  the  river  at  any  intermediate  point. 


REPOI^    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR. 


381 


Sucli  return  would  merely  transfer  the  dauger  from  one  locality  to 
another  lower  down.  Tlie  condition  thus  imposed  upon  any  outlet 
involves  great  cost  and  danger.  Any  outlet  intended  to  relieve  tlie 
parts  of  tlie  river  where  Hood  heights  are  now^  most  dangerous  would, 
in  any  case,  be  very  long.  To  have  an  appreciable  effect  it  would 
require  an  excavated  channel  of  large  vidth  and  depth.  As  it  would 
traverse  tracts  of  cultivated  and  valuable  laud  the  cost  of  expropria- 
tion of  a  right  of  way  would  be  very  great.  The  cost  of  the  levees 
which  would  be  required  to  control  it  and  prevent  the  permanent  con- 
tinuation of  disaster  and  overflow  while  flowing  through  regions  which 
will  in  a  few  years  be  j)laced  under  the  sufficient  in'otection  of  a  levee 
system  would  be  very  much  greater. 

When  completed  there  would  be  two  or  more  rivers,  each  presenting 
the  same  dangers  and  requiring  the  same  treatment  as  the  present 
single  channel.  The  cost  of  efficient  outlets  would  be  greater  than 
the  cost  of  completion  of  the  levee  system.  When  constructed  they 
would  either  silt  up,  as  do  many  island  chutes,  or  would  enlarge  and 
assume  the  tortuous  type  of  an  alluvial  stream,  with  shii'tiug  bars  and 
caving  banks.  Finall}',  conceived  and  executed  in  defiance  of  physical 
law,  they  would  fail  as  a  safe,  cheap,  or  etlicieut  methcd  of  abatiug 
overflow. 

After  a  review  of  the  progress  thus  far  made  in  the  improvement  of 
a  levee  system  and  of  the  facts  developed  by  the  continued  surveys, 
gaugiugs,  and  observations  of  the  river,  such  as  the  entire  absence  of 
evidence  of  any  rise  of  the  bed  of  the  river,  the  local  tendency  to  shoal 
where  volume  is  reduced,  and  the  larger  discharge  now  controlled 
between  levees,  with  an  increase  of  flood  heights  which  does  not  aflect 
the  practicability  of  a  low  system,  the  Commission  expresses  its  con- 
tinued confidence  in  the  reclamation  from  overflow  of  the  alluvial  lands 
of  the  Lower  Mississippi  Valley  on  the  lines  now  proposed  and  in 
progress,  as  entirely  irracticable,  at  a  cost  which  is  amply  justified  by 
the  importance  of  the  undertaking. 

LOW  WATER   OF   1892. 

During  the  summer  and  autumn  of  1802  the  gauge  readings  were  by 
no  means  so  low"  as  those  of  the  previous  year,  which,  generally,  have 
not  been  equaled  since  1879.  The  condition  of  the  navigation  is  shown 
in  the  following  abstract  of  bar  depth  between  Cairo  and  Eed  Eiver, 
where  10  feet  or  less  were  found : 


Deptli. 

Kumber  of 
places. 

Ci 

7' 

Total .... 

2 

2 
3 
5 
5 
7 
3 
11 

38 

382  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   TIIJ 

IIXAXCIAL   STATEMENT. 

■Approprintion  fors:>larics  and  exiienses  Mississippi  Rivor  Conmiission: 

]5alancc  on  liand  May  31,  1892 $138. 26 

Balance  on  Laud  May  31,  1803 138.26 

Appropriation  for  survev  of  Mississippi  Kiver: 

Balance  on  hand  May  31,  1892... 7.08 

Balance  on  ]iand  May  31,  1893 ................................  7. 08 

Appropriation  for  improving  Mississipjii  River: 

Balance  on  hand  May  31,  1892 986,375.18 

Appropriated,  act  of  Jnly  13,  1 892  ...............................  2,  470,  000.  00 

Total 3,456,375.18 

Expended,  Juno  1,  1892,  to  May  31^  1893...... ................ -...  2,653,471.92 

Balance  on  band  May  31,  1893.." 802,903.26 

Distributed  as  follows: 

Levees 194,193.70 

Cbannel  works 81, 559.  60 

Harbors  and  bank  protection 245, 199. 19 

Red  and  Atcbafalaya  rivers.. 139,973.00 

Surveys,  gauges  and  observations 38,  880.  67 

Plant,  Mississippi  River  Commission,  and  misccllaueous 103,097. 10 

Total 802,903.26 

Approximate  outstanding  liabilities  and  amounts  covered  by  existing 

contracts .' 295,492.82 

Estimate  of  funds  l>y  the  Miss'issipin  Hivcr  Commissloit  for  the  fiscal  year  endinrj  June  30, 

1SD5. 

For  improving  Mississijipi  River  from  Head  of  the  Passes  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Ohio  River,  including  salaries,  clerical,  office,  traveling,  and  miscel- 
laneous expenses  of  the  Mississippi  Ri\'er  Commission $2,  6G5,  000 

For  improving  harbors  at: 

New  Madrid,  Mo 75,000 

Memphis,  Tcnu 100,000 

Greenville,  Miss 200,000 

Vicksburg,  Miss.  (Delta  Point) 1.50,000 

Natchez,  Miss.,  and  Vidalia,  La 400,  OOi) 

New  Orleans,  La 300,000 

For  improvement  at  head  of  Atchafalava  and  mouth  of  Red  River,  Louis- 
iana  ". 350,000 

C.  B.  COMSTOCK, 
Colonel  of  Unf/ineers,  Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.,  U.  S.  A., 
Fresident  Ilississijypi  River  Commission. 
Chas,  R.  Sutee, 

Lieut.  Col.  of  Engineers. 
B.  M.  Haerod,' 
E.  S.  Taylor, 
O.  H.  Ernst, 

Major  of  Engineers. 
Henry  Flad,  C.  E,, 
Henry  L.  Whiting, 
TJ.  8.  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey. 
Brig.  GcD.  Thomas  L.  Gasey% 

Chief  of  Engineers,  TJ.  S.  A. 

CoiicuiTiiig  ill  tlic  iiiadvisability  of  au  attempt  to  create  new  outlets 
froia  the  Mississippi  Eiver  whicli  sliall  be  large  streams  at  all  stages 
of  tlie  river,  we  do  not  wisli  to  be  understood  as  condemning  tlie  use 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.    "^      383 

in  tlie  levees  of  long  waste  weirs  to  take  off  tlie  top  of  tlie  flood  if  it 
shall  be  found  that  at  certain  places  in  the  lower  part  of  the  river  the 
further  increase  in  flood  flow  which  will  come  from  raising  the  levees 
at  points  farther  up  the  river  can  be  controlled  in  whole  or  in  part  by- 
such  waste  weirs  more  economically  than  by  higher  levees. 

C.  B.  Comstoce:, 
Colonel  of  Engineers,  Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.  U.  8.  A., 

President  Mississippi  River  Commission. 
O.  H.  Ernst, 

3Iajor  of  Engineers. 
Henry  Flad,  0.  E,, 
Henry  L.  Whiting, 
U.  S.  Coast  and  Geodetic  Stirvey. 

The   signatures  of  Henry  Flad  and  Henry  L.  Whiting  have  been 
added  at  their  request. 

C.  B.  C. 


EEPOPvT  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  0EDXA:N^CE. 

War  DEPART3IENT,  Ordnance  Office. 

Washington,  October  1,  1893. 

-  Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  of  the  principal 
operations  of  the  Ordnance  Department  duriug  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30,  1893,  with  such  remarks  and  recommendations  as  the  interests 
of  this  branch  of  the  military  service  seem  to  require. 

The  fiscal  resources  and  expenditures  of  the  Department  during  the 
j^ear  were  as  follows,  viz : 

Amonut  in  tlie  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  the  appropriations  on  Juno  30, 
1892 -.1  $4,988,860.80 

Amount  in  the  Treasury  not  reported  to  tlio  credit  of  the  appropria- 
tions on  JuneSO,  1892 817.87 

Amount  in  Government  depositories  to  the  credit  of  disbursing  officers 

and  others  on  JuneSO,  1892 532,296.47 

Amonut  of  appropriations  for  the  service  of  the  fiscal  year  ended  June 

30,1893 2,832,277.89 

Amounts  refunded  to  ordnance  appropriations  in  settling  accounts 

during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893 226,  081.  34 

Gross  amount  received  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  from 
sales  to  officers;  from  reuts;  from  collections  from  troops  on  ac- 
count of  losses  of  or  damage  to  ordnance  stores;  fi-om  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  and  Pacific  Railroad  Company;  from  powder  and  pro- 
jectiles (proceeds  of  sales);  from  sales  of  condemned  stores;  from 
testing  machine,  and  from  all  other  sources  not  before  mentioned..  41,  208.  50 

Total 8,621,542.87 

Amount  of  expenditures  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893, 
including  expenses  attending  sales  of  condemned  stores,  exchange 
of  powder,  etc '. 3,  702,  202.  66 

Auiount  deposited  in  Treasury  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 

1893,  as  proceeds  of  sales  of  Gorernmcnt  property 9,  036. 12 

Amount  turned  into  the  surplus  fund  on  June  30,  1893 3,  644.  97 

Amount  in  Government  depositories  to  the  credit  of  disbursing  officers 

a.ud  others  on  June  30,  1893 553,400.05 


384  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Amount  trausforred.  from  ordnance  appropriations  iu  settling  accounts 

during  the  fiscal  year  ended  Juno  30,  1893 $4,  281. 18 

Amount  in  the  Treasury  not  rei>orted  to  the  credit  of  apiiropriations 

on  June  30,  1893 436.04 

Amount  la  the  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  appro]iriation3  on  Juno  30, 

1893 4,  348,  541.  85 

Total 8,  621,  542.  87 

THE    DISTRICT    OF   COLUMBIA  3IILITIA. 

]\ry  anuual  estimates  of  this  j'ear  coiitaiu  an  item  for  armiug  and 
equipping  the  militia  of  the  District  of  Cohimbia.  The  following 
remarks  on  this  subject  are  coined  from  my  annnal  report  of  last  year: 

The  act  of  March  1,  1889  (vol.  25,  p.  77,  2  Stat.  L.),  to  provide  for  the  organization 
of  the  militia  of  the  District  of  Columhia,  j)rovidos  (section  31)  that  the  ordnance 
and  ordnance  stores  necessary  to  arm,  equip,  and  instruct  said  militia  shall  he  issued 
from  the  stores  and  supplies  provided  for  the  use  of  the  regular  Army ;  hut  the  act 
failed  to  make  any  appropriation  to  enable  the  Ordnance  Department  to  make  good 
the  dej)letion  of  the  limited  army  supplies  by  these  issues  to  the  militia. 

As  the  proi^erty  issued  as  provided  for  in  this  act  must  he  taken  from  the  supplies 
for  the  Army — that  is,  from  the  aj)propriations  for  these  supplies — and  as  it  is  a  fact 
that  the  appropriations  now  made  arc  insufficient  for  the  actual  needs  of  the  Army, 
it  is  evident  that  if  the  militia  is  supplied  the  Army  will  snftcr,  and  vice  versa. 

The  issues  thus  far  made  under  this  act  amount  to  $45,621.54,  and  an  item  of  this 
amount  is  embraced  iu  the  C'stimates  to  be  laid  before  Congress.  In  my  judgment 
it  would  be  wise  to  have  a  permanent  appropriation  of  a  tixed  amount  for  each  year 
to  provide  for  these  issues  to  the  District  militia,  or  a  specific  appropriation  for 
each  year. 

The  importance  of  maintaining  the  efficiency  of  the  District  militia 
need  not  be  stated.  The  small  allotment  due  to  the  District  from  the 
general  appropriation  for  arming  and  equipping  the  militia  of  the 
United  States  is  inadequate  for  this  purpose. 

APPKOPRIATION  FOR   ARMING  AND  EQUIPPING  THE  MILITIA   OF   THE 

UNITED   STATES. 

Your  attention  is  invited  to  the  inadequacy  of  the  general  appropri- 
ation for  arming  and  equipping  the  militia.  The  act  of  1808  fixed  the 
amount  annualjfy  allotted  for  the  militia  of  all  the  States  at  $200,000. 
The  improved  arms,  equipments,  artillerj^,  and  other  stores  of  the  pres- 
ent day  cost  for  the  same  number  of  men  more  than  three  times  the  cost 
of  the  same  eighty-five  years  ago,  when  the  act  was  passed.  The  pop- 
nlation  of  the  country  is  now  more  than  ten  times  that  of  1808,  and  the 
demand  for  these  equipments  has  increased  more  than  ten  times.  The 
act  of  February  12,  1887,  increased  tins  appropriation,  but  made  it 
include  also  camp  and  garrison  equipage  and  clothing  furnished  by  the 
Quartermaster's  Department.  I  stated  in  my  annual  report  for  1892 
that  this  act,  instead  of  increasing  the  appropriation  for  arming  and 
ec^uipping  the  militia  (that  is,  the  i)ortion  used  for  arms  and  equij)- 
ments),  as  was  intended  by  Congress,  actually  resulted  in  a  reduc- 
tion of  this  portion  of  the  appropriation  that  year  to  $173,000.  The 
demand  since  that  time  has  largely  increased,  and  the  value  of  the 
ordnance  stores  issued  to  the  militia  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June 
30,  1893,  was  $220,821.49.  Notwithstanding  this  large  increase  in  the 
issues  during  the  past  year,  tlie  demands  which  could  not  be  supplied 
were  greater  than  in  previous  years. 


RErORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  385 

Tlie  above  figures  sliow  how  inadequate  the  present  a])propriation 
must  be.  Experience  proves  that  it  is  so.  The  small  allotment  which 
can  be  made  to  each  State  from  the  appropriation  is  carefully  husbanded 
and  economically  used,  but  is  insufficient.  The  War  Department  is 
troubled  by  requests  from  the  States  for  larger  supplies  than  can  be 
furnished  under  the  allotments.  The  urgent  importance  of  maintain- 
ing not  only  the  present  force  and  efficiency  of  the  States'  militia,  but 
of  enlarging  the  same,  is  admitted  and  urged  by  the  War  Deiiartment. 
It  is  a  hardshi}),  then,  for  the  Department  to  be  constantly  compelled 
to  refuse  the  most  needful  supplies.  The  inability  ifo  furnish  these 
supplies  not  only  cripples  the  efficiency  of  the  militia  force  and  damx)ens 
the  valuable  ardor  of  officers  who  are  engagegl  in  promoting  its  efficiency, 
but  makes  a  further  enlargement  of  the  militia  force,  which  is  so  neces- 
sary, practically  impossible.  It  is  hoped  that  if  this  matter  is  urged 
upon  the  attention  of  Congress  a  more  suitable  approiDriation  for  the 
armament  and  equipment  of  the  militia  may  be  made. 

*   .  *  *  *  *  *  * 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully, 

D.  W.  Flagler, 
Brigadier -General,  Chief  of  Ordnance. 
The  Secretary  of  War. 


EEPOUT  OF  THE  INSPECT0E-GE:NERAL  OF  THE  ARMY. 

War  Department, 
Inspector-General's  Office, 
Vrasliington,  D.  C,  October  9,  1893. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  of  the  oi^era- 
tions  of  the  Inspector-General's  Department  for  the  year  1893. 

THE  NATIONAL  GUARD. 

The  National  Guard,  its  increasing  importance,  sphere  of  usefulness, 
and  tlie  methods  and  measures  that  are  best  calculated  to  promote  its 
efficiency  and  eflxictiveness,  are  subjects  to  which  considerable  time  and 
pain  stakin  g  labor  have  been  devoted  in  former  years.  And  judging  from 
the  interest  which  has  been  awakened  and  the  appreciative  manner  in 
which  the  i)ublication  of  the  i)lain  truth,  whether  of  praise  or  blame, 
regarding  military  organizations,  their  equipment,  instruction,  capacity, 
general  standing,  etc.,  has  been  received  by  the  officers  and  men  of  the 
National  Guard,  the  labor  incurred  and  time  spent  on  tliis  live  and 
energetic  branch  of  military  affairs  have  been  most  satisfactorily 
repaid. 

In  the  report  to  the  major-general  commanding  the  army  the  i^resent 
defencelessness  of  our  southern  seaboard  is  touched  upon.  The  bald 
extent  of  our  territory  and  our  borders  is  a  matter  for  military  con- 
sideration. The  United  States  has  an  internal  commerce  estimated  at 
about  170,000,000  tons  and  20,000,000  passengers,  traversing  100,000,000 
miles;  and,  without  Alaska,  possesses  an  ocean  coast,  including  the 
larger  indentations,  of  about  12,009  miles  (of  wliich  G,8G1  are  on  the 
Atlantic,  3,461  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  2,287  on  the  Pacific),  a 
northern  or  Briti.sh  frontier  of  3,540  miles,  and  a  Mexican  frontier  of 
1,550  miles,  a  territory,  the  greatest  length  of  which  is  2,760  miles  and 
Ab.  93 25 


386 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


greatest  breadth  1,GOO  miles.  Can  we  realize  the  vastness  of  this 
territory?  As  Gladstone  says,  "  a  natural  base  for  the  greatest  con- 
tinuous empire  ever  established  by  man."  In  case  of  a  sudden  emer- 
gency the  regular  army  would  be  found  ready  and  willing;  but  owing 
to  its  comparative  smallness  the  duty  of  protecting  our  country  in  an 
emergency  Avould  devolve  largely  upon  the  men  of  the  IN  ational  Guard, 
and  their  congeners,  the  volunteers.  It  can  not  but  be  welcomed  as  a 
favorable  sign  of  the  times  that  we  are,  as  a  nation,  taking  a  deeper 
interest  in  the  healthy  development  of  the  national  reserve  military 
forces. 

This  department  is  connected,  necessarily,  with  every  branch  of  the 
military  establisliment  where  the  best  discipline,  efficiency,  instruc- 
tion, or  economy  is  desired;  and  the  presence  of  regular  officers  under 
the  supervision  of  this  department  if  not  obstructed  vrould,  necessa- 
rily, result  beneficially  and  be  of  service  to  the  guardsmen,  as  it  has  been 
in  the  case  of  the  regulars.  That  this  arrangement  is  invited  by  the 
guardsmen  themselves,  especially  of  the  West,  is  shown  in  such  letters 
as  this  from  Col.  James  M.  Eice,  inspector-general  of  rifle  practice, 
Illinois  National  Guard,  from  which  the  following  extract  is  taken: 

I  have  taken  very  great  interest  in  the  reports  of  the  Inspector-General's  Depart- 
incut  of  the  United  States  army  with  reference  to  the  inspection  of  the  National 
Guaru.  I  have  awaited  their  appearance  with  great  interest,  and  obtained  copies 
as  soon  as  possible  and  read  them,  I  think,  with  great  protit.  I  am  quite  sure  that 
this  is  the  only  way  to  bring  the  entire  mass  of  the  National  Guard  into  somewhat 
approximately  the  excellence  of  the  best  part  of  it.  It  is  the  method  by  which  the 
excellence  attained  by  the  part  that  think  ably  and  work  earnestly  is  made  availa- 
ble for  all,  instead  of  a  mere  small  locality.  It  is  the  means  by  which  those  who  arc 
able  to  think  ably  and  willing  to  work  earnestly  are  encouraged  to  do  so  by  the 
knowledge  that  what  they  do  will  bo  know"  and  recognized  by  others  and  be  made 
largely  useful,  and  also  by  enabling  men  of  that  kind  to  see  each  other's  work. 

Yoii  one  time  asked  me,  at  Camp  Douglas,  in  Wisconsin,  what  it  was  that  I 
thought  made  the  militia  so  much  more  efficient  than  it  was  years  ago.  There  are 
two  causes:  One  is  the  large  prevalence  of  soldiers  who  liave  seen  actual  service 
under  able  generals  in  hard  cami^aigns  and  long  ones,  and  the  other  is  the  system 
of  inspection  and  reporting,  by  which  that  which  is  meritorious  is  separated  from 
that  which  is  merely  red  tape,  fuss,  and  feathers,  and  men  are  taught  to  appreciate 
the  one  and  avoid  the  other.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  old  soldier  influence  will 
soon  be  gone,  and  it  is  to  bo  hoped  that  it  will  be  a  long  time  before  any  more  sol- 
diers of  long  experience  in  long  campaigns  are  developed  in  thel'nited  States  army. 
Discriminating  and  judicious  reports,  made  by  ciiiccrs  who  know  and  appreciate 
what  is  truly  military,  will  be  the  only  thing  left  tiiem  to  keep  the  National  Guard 
up  to  the  etecieucy  that  it  even  now  i)osscsses.  To  have  the  inspections  and  pub- 
lications of  your  department  cease  would  be  a  damage  to  the  National  Guard  for 
which  nothing  else  could  possibly  compensate. 

This  department  has  done  what  it  could,  and  has  thoroughly  realized 
the  importance  of  joining  hands  with  the  National  Guard  by  all 
X3roj)er  means;  and  the  beneficial  intercourse  between  the  two  branches 
of  our  military  establishment — the  regulars  and  the  National  Guard — 
was  never  more  pleasant  and  complete  than  while  assigned  to  and  pro- 
moted by  this  Bureau.  Any  efibrts  to  effect  an  alienation  between 
them  would  be  greatly  regretted. 

The  rise  under  our  efforts  and  the  fall  since  may  be  partially  indicated 
in  the  following  table : 


Tc.ir. 

Oflicei-8 
detailed. 

States 
holding 
encamp- 
ments. 

Aggrejrate 
ciirollcd 
strength 
present. 

]gt)0       

17 
57 
2.5 
IG 

14 

27 
20 
14 

22,  270 

1801     

50, 738 

18  IJ 

36, 207 

1893              .                                  

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  Yv^AR.  387 

It  is  desired  to  again  call  attention  to  the  need  of  an  increased 
appropriation  by  the  general  government  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
National  Giiarclj  and  to  the  suggestions  made  in  my  rei)orts  of  pre- 
vious years. 

HO^nNG-PIGEON  SER"\r[CE. 

Much  has  been  said  and  a  great  deal  written  about  the  speed,  endur- 
ance, and  rehability  of  the  homing  pigeon  as  a  carrier  of  messages, 
both  for  business  and  pleasure;  and  more  than  once  this  bird  "has 
practically  demonstrated  its  usefulness  as  a  valuable  adjunct  in  mili- 
tary operations.  Their  use  for  the  rapid  transmission  of  dispatches 
during  the  naval  review  of  the  past  spring  was  widely  published;  but 
their  most  important  achievement  was  in  1870,  when  they  kept  the 
outside  world  in  touch  with  Paris,  though  all  other  means  of  sending 
communications  to  the  city  were  cut  off  or  destroyed.  Since  then 
neither  balloons  nor  homing  birds  have  been  ignored  bj^  any  pro- 
gressive military  nation,  and  all  the  great  European  powers  haA'e 
organized  and  perfected  a  pigeon  service  for  the  speedj'  conveyance  of 
important  intelligence.  In  such  a  matter  of  simi)le  preparation  for 
exigencies  no  one  nation  can  control.  This  government  might  well  imi- 
tate the  military  example  set  by  the  foremost  nations  rather  than  lag 
too  far  behind ;  especially  as  it  is  possible  to  establish  a  successful  organ- 
ization here  capable  of  rendering  effective  service  at  a  minimum  outlay. 

There  are  in  nearly  every  large  city  of  the  Union,  from  the  Atlantic 
to  the  Pacific  and  from  the  lakes  to  the  gulf,  a  number  of  pigeon  fanciers, 
formed  into  clubs,  who  now  fly  tlieir  birds  for  the  sport  and  amuse- 
ment it  gives  them.  That  their  number  is  large  is  indicated  by  the  fact 
that  they  are  able  to  support  several  organs  for  their  special  interest. 
They  not  only  are  willing  to  lend  their  help  in  the  establishment  of  a 
national  pigeon  service,  but  have  shown  commendable  enthusiasm  aiid 
are  eager  that  the  Hying  of  their  birds  be  conducted  under  the  foster- 
ing care  of  the  government.  Under  such  favorable  auspicies  the  gov- 
ernment could  easily  create  a  network  of  intercommunication  between 
the  more  important  points  for  the  purpose  of  meeting  possible  emer- 
gencies in  case  of  need,  especiallj^  for  international  frontier  service. 
It  would  only  be  necessary  to  designate  the  points  between  which  it  is 
desired  to  fly  the  birds.  Of  course  it  would  not  be  obligatory  for  the 
various  pigeon  societies  to  confine  themselves  to  the  directions  or  lim- 
its to  be  fixed  by  the  Department. 

What  is  said  to  be  needed  is :  (1)  To  ameliorate  the  present  condi- 
tions as  to  training,  either  by  securing  more  favorable  rates  from  the 
transportation  companies,  which  are  reported  excessive,  or  by  appro- 
priating a  small  amount  for  the  purpose;  (2)  give  rewards  or  prizes 
for  the  best  results  obtai-ied  during  the  year  as  is  now  done  in  Europe, 
and  (3)  induce  each  society  or  club  to  make  an  annual  report  to  the 
Department  of  the  condition,  etc.,  of  their  lofts. 

Any  one  of  the  sup]dy  departments  could  thus  perfect  a  service  that 
might  be  of  incalculable  advantage  when  needed. 

According  to  Capt.  H.  T.  W.  Allatt,  of  the  English  army,  during 
the  siege  of  Paris,  one  bird  could  readily  carry  30,000  dispatches,  which 
were  photographed  on  very  thin  films  of  collodion;  and  the  Bulletin  cle 
la  Reunion  des  Officiers  of  July  11,  1885,  states  that  150,000  ofQcial  and 
1,000,000  private  dispatches  or  notices  of  money  orders  were  carried 
into  Paris  by  pigeons.     To  be  of  value  in  a  miUtary  point  of  view  mes- 


388  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

sages  must  be  tleliverecl  with  rapidity  and  promptness,  and  tlic  messen- 
ger pigeon  lias  been  found  to  do  tliis  when  all  other  means  fail.  From 
a  number  of  reports  received  it  appears  that  the  average  time  made  by- 
pigeons  in  this  country,  in  flights  of  over  300  miles,  is  1,070  yards  per 
minute,  or  about  3G  miles  per  hour ;  but  under  favorable  atmospheric 
conditions  the  speed  has  exceeded  50  miles  per  hour.  The  average  slow- 
est speed  reported  has  been  800  yards  per  minute,  or  slightly  over  27 
miles  per  hour.  The  greatest  number  of  miles  made  during  any  one 
day,  on  the  various  occasions,  is  reported  to  range  from  308  to  541| 
miles,  the  latter  being  from  Elba,  Va.,  to  Providence,  E.  I.  Within 
reasonable  limits  the  bird  can  be  fairly  relied  upon.  Its  love  of  home 
is  unexcelled.  Some  are  said  to  have  returned  home  after  an  absence 
in  coniinement  of  one  year  and  nine  months.  And  there  are  records 
of  birds  returning  from  distances  of  over  1,000  miles.  From  Pensacola, 
Fla.,  to  Fall  River,  Mass.,  a  distance  of  1,183  miles,  has  been  accom- 
plished more  than  once. 

The  necessity  for  establishing  government  lofts  in  this  country  is 
not  so  i^ronounced  as  in  Euroj)e,  where  this  service,  aided  by  private 
pigeon  societies,  has  been  brought  to  a  high  state  of  perfection;  but  as 
the  material  and  means  in  the  hands  of  patriotic  citizens  are  at  the 
disposal  of  the  government  an  efficient  volunteer  pigeon  service  could 
be  readily  established,  systematized,  and  i^erfected.  The  importance 
attached  to  this  service  by  Euroi)ean  nations  is  well  known  and  has 
been  officially  reported.  Our  service  does  not  take  readily  to  any  nov- 
elty, and  sometimes  the  regulars  and  sometimes  the  militia  take  the 
lead  when  their  introduction  becomes  necessary. 

It  is  believed  that  the  feasibility  of  establishing  a  volunteer  pigeon 
service,  by  organizing  clubs  already  existing  into  a  harmonious  com- 
bination, must  be  i>erfectly  evident,  and  that  it  can  be  readily  supple- 
mented by  lofts  at  military  posts  under  the  care  of  either  of  the  bureaus 
of  the  War  Department  having  non-commissioned  staff.  This  is  one  of 
the  least  of  those  things  that  every  civilized  army  has,  but  we  have 
not;  and  it  can  be  supi^lied  x)ractically  without  expense,  requiring  only 
a  little  labor  and  jiainstaking  care,  and  therefore  it  seems  to  deserve 
occasional  mention.  More  than  one  officer  has  attempted  individually 
to  supply  this  deficiency,  but  it  evidently  requires  concert  of  action  at 
several  points  simultaneously.  If  there  is  the  good  in  it  that  foreign 
services  claim  it  deserves  a  fair  and  properly  organized  test  with  us. 
When  can  it  receive  such  a  test"? 


AN  INCIDENT. 

It  has  been  announced  in  the  public  press  that  possibly  certain  State 
officials  took  offense  at  some  criticism  by  one  of  the  inspecting  officers, 
as  published  last  year,  and  therefore  the  orders  to  army  officers  visiting 
State  encampments  should  omit  all  reference  to  inspections.  Perhaps 
other  equally  good  reasons  can  be  given:  as  such  an  untoward  residt 
from  so  slight  a  cause  seems  far-reaching.  Copies  of  the  reports  were 
furnished  the  officials,  and  no  such  objections  were  expressed  officially 
before  publication,  and  the  wishes  of  tbe  best  officers  in  the  National 
Guard  v.ere  always  considered  in  these  imblications.  Those  who  have 
labored  hard  and  done  so  much  to  produce  the  present  good  feeling 
need  not  regret  it.  The  large  uiajority  of  guardsmen  are  as  able  to 
endure  a  frank  and  manly  inspection  report  as  the  regulars  are,  and 
they  fully  agree  with  the  views  of  the  distinguished  president  of  the 


REPORT    OF    TilE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR.  389 

National  Guard  Association,  General  Wingate,  in  a  letter  to  tliis  office 
in  1890,'  wherein  lie  says : 

In  liis  criticism  the  insiiector  siioiikl  state  the  plain  tratb,  putting  it  as  mucli  as 
possible  iu  a  Avay  calcnlated  to  avoid  offense,  but  not  attempting  to  jiraise  "wbat  is 
not  worthy  of  it. 

The  criticisms,  on  the  other  hand,  should  be  in  a  liberal  rather  than  iu  a  technical 
spirit,  and  directed  to  the  practical  part  of  military  duty  rather  than  to  the  minutaj 
of  drill,  \\-ith  the  view  to  aid  in  gathering  up  the  loose  ends  of  instruction  and  to  help 
make  the  troops  as  tit  for  service  as  the  limited  time  will  permit,  bearing  in  mind 
always  that  they  cannot  be  expected  to  know  the  books  which  the  regular  officer  is 
familiar  with. 

Tlie  publication  of  tlie  inspection  reports  is  believed  to  liave  aroused 
interest,  encouraged  improvement,  andaccomiolislted  great  good  in  many- 
ways,  and  certainly  the  published  reports  have  been  eagerly  sought  by 
members  of  the  National  Guard  in  all  i^arts  of  the  country.  We  unite 
with  all  good  soldiers  in  Avishing  them  God  speed. 

******* 

Eespectfully  submitted. 

J.  C.  Beeckiniiidge, 

Inspector- Qeneral. 
The  Secretary  of  War. 


STATENORMAL  SCHOOL. 

UJBAKagGB^-r-CAL. 


REPORT 


OF 


THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  KAVY. 


Navy  Departmejjt, 
Wasliingtoih^  N'ovemher  18,  1893. 
To  tlie  President  : 

Since  the  date  of  the  last  report  tlie  following  vessels  liave  been 
lauuebcd: 


Xame. 

Tonnage. 

Date  of  launch. 

2,183 
10,200 
10,  200 

7,350 
10,  200 

Fel).       4, 18D3 
Feb.     28,1893 
June    10, 1803 
Aug.    12,1893 
Oct.      26, 1893 

The  following  new  vessels  have  been  completed,  accepted  by  the 
Government,  and  placed  in  commission  during  the  current  calendar 
year: 


Kamc. 


Monterey . 
Bancroft . . 
Macliias  . . 
Detroit  . . . 
Kew  York 
Castine  ... 


Tonnage. 


Date  of  com- 
mission. 


4,138 
838 
1,050 
2,000 
8,150 
1,050 


Feb.  13, 1893 
Mar.  3,1893 
July  20, 1893 

.-..do 

Aug.  1, 1893 
'Sot  yet  com- 
missioned. 


TRIALS. 


The  preliminary  trials  of  the  Monterey^  Bancroft,  Detroit,  New  YorJc, 
IlacMas,  Castine^  and  Columhia  resulted  5;nccessfnlly,  as  did  also  the 
final  trials  of  the  Monterey,  Bancroft,  and  Detroit.     It  is  a  source  of 

391 


392 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


gratification  to  tlie  Department  to  state  that  on  the  preliminary  trials 
tlie  speeds  attained  were,  in  most  cases,  in  excess  of  the  minimum 
speeds  reqnired  by  the  several  contracts,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  fol- 
lowiua;  table: 


Name. 


Monterey. 

Bancroft. . 
Detroit  . . . 
Xcw  York 
Macbias  . . 
Castine  . . . 
Columbia . 


Trial  speed 
in  knots 
per  hour. 

Contract 
speed. 

Knots. 

13.  C 

^*5, 400 
^        16 

14.37 

12 

18.71 

17 

21.0 

20 

15.46 

13 

15.  CI 

13 

22.80 

21 

^Iiulieated  borsc  power. 


The  increased  horse  power  or  speed  over  designed  rates  obtained  by 
contractors  in  these  ships  has  entitled  them  in  some  cases  to  large  pre- 
miums, and  this  has  attracted  much  comment.  It  has  been  assumed 
that  these  jiremiums  when  paid  were  mere  gratuities,  or  that  they  w^ere 
at  any  rate  all  clear  profit  to  the  builders,  the  Government  being  with- 
out any  suflQcient  consideration  therefor.  The  system  of  allowing  pre- 
miums for  increase  over,  and  imposing  penalties  for  failure  to  attain, 
contract  rates  was  not  thus  intended,  and  it  is  not  believed  to  have  so 
operated. 

When  Secretary  Whitney,  who  devised  this  method,  was  considering 
the  question  of  making  contracts,  he  very  properly  concluded  that  it 
would  work  hardship  if  he  should  refuse  in  every  case  to  take,  and 
should  throw  back  upon  the  hands  of  the  builder,  every  vessel  that 
should  fail  in  any  respect  to  equal  contract  requirements.  The  natural 
conclusion  was  that  if  the  Government  did  accept  a  ship  r.ot  coming  up 
to  all  the  requirements,  the  builders  should  be  charged  for  the  defect 
according  to  some  scale  of  rates  previously  agreed  upon.  This  resolved 
itself  into  the  imposition  of  penalties  for  failure  to  attain  required 
result.'^.  The  corollary,  alike  fair  and  reasonable,  was  premiums 
for  excelling  contract  rates.  Thus  was  devised  a  system  which  was 
practicable  because  reciprocal,  and  it  was  alike  just  and  fair  to  Gov- 
ernment and  contractor.  It  was  a  double  incentive  to  diligence,  and  it 
is  not  believed  that  it  has  resulted  in  any  injustice  to  the  Government. 
Ship-builders  are  not  less  shrewd  than  other  men  who  conduct  great 
business  establishments;  corai^etition  between  them  has  always  been 
severe.  This  statement  is  made  with  the  fullest  assurance  of  its  cor- 
rectness, and  it  may  as  a  result  be  stated  with  equal  confidence  that 
contractors  have  always  taken  into  their  calculations,  when  bidding, 
the  amounts  it  was  i)ossible  to  earn  as  premiums. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


393 


It  will  therefore  be  seen  that  the  official  trial  of  a  vessel  upon  which 
premiums  and  penalties  depend,  is  a  matter  of  great  moment  both 
to  the  Grovernment  and  the  contractor.  Elaborate  preparations  are 
always  made  to  secure  exact  weights,  the  best  of  fuel,  and  the  most 
efficient  attendants.  Contracts  made  prior  to  the  incoming  of  the 
present  administration  provided  that  the  Government  should  pay  the 
expenses  of  a  successful  trial.  When  one  party  to  a  contract  is  to  pro- 
vide the  means  of  conducting  a  test  upon  which  so  much  depends  and 
the  other  is  to  pay  the  bill  it  will  be  readily  perceived  that  disputes 
will  be  likely  to  arise  when  settlements  come  to  be  made,  and  such  has 
already  been  the  case.  Bills  have  been  recently  presented  for  trial 
trip  expenses  in  which  the  Department  has  felt  obliged  to  insist  upon 
large  reductions.  To  avoid  disputes  of  this  character,  it  has  been  pro- 
vided in  the  recent  contracts  for  the  three  new  gunboats,  that  all  trial- 
trip  expenses  shall  be  paid  by  the  contractors.  It  is  not  to  be  doubted 
that  bidders  took  this  matter  into  consideration  in  making  their  esti- 
mates, yet  it  is  believed  that  this  course  will  result  in  an  economy  to 
the  Government.  When  those  who  make  the  bills  are  themselves 
to  pay  them,  exi^enditures  for  the  trial  of  vessels  will  not  be  lavish. 

The  progress  thus  far  made  in  our  naval  development  is  clearly  shown 
in  the  following  tables,  which  give  the  number  and  type  of  effective 
war  vessels  which  this  country  will  possess  when  those  now  building 
are  completed,  and  also  a  similar  list  of  vessels  of  the  principal  foreign 
naval  powers:  i 

VESSELS  SERVICEABLE  FOR  WAR  PURPOSES. 


Type. 


Kumber 
authorized. 


ABMORF.D. 


Battle  ships,  first  class 

Battle  ships,  second  class. 

Armored  cruisers 

Coast-defense  vessels  . . .  - . 
Uarbor-defensc  ram 


Total 

Protected  cruisers 

Cruisers 

Gunboats 

Dynamite  gun  vessel , 

Total 

Grand  total 


l>rumber 
buildiiiK. 


UXARMOnED. 


if  umber  in 
service. 


Total. 


394 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    NAVY. 


XINI'TED    ST^TES-Contimied. 
VESSELS  TJNSERyiCEABLE  FOB  WAK  PUKPOSES. 


TjT)e. 


Number 
authorized 


Kumbcr 
building. 


Number  in 
service. 


Total. 


Iron  cruisers 

"Wooden  cruisers 

Iron  gunboats 

Single-turret  monitors* 

Disiiatcb  and  practice  vessels  . 

Tugs  and  freight  boats 

Sailing  vessels 

Receiving  ships 

Vessels  beyond  repair 

Total 


*  These  monitors  are  in  such  a  condition  of  deterioration  as  to  be  practically  iiselsss  for  war  pur- 
poses. 

Under  "  Miscellaneous  "  in  the  folio wiug  tables  are  grouped  trans- 
liorts,  dispatch  vessels ;  training,  school,  drill,  and  receiving  ships ;  depot, 
survey,  special-service  vessels;  tugs  and  harbor  craft. 


Type. 


Battleships 

Coastdefenso  vessels . 

Total 


UXARJIOEED. 

Cruisers,  protected 

Cruisers 


Gun  vessels 

Torpedo  vessels. 
Miscellaneous... 


Number 
authorized. 


Number  Number  j 

Number    unfit  for  availsiblcj     Total 

building,   eifectivo  -for  war  i  number. 

service,  service.  | 


Total.-.. 

Summary , 

Torpedo  boats 


26 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


395 


^■LTSTTEII^, 


Type. 

aSTumber 
authorized. 

Kumber 
Iv'umber  unfit  for 
building,   cfl'ective 

service. 

Kiimber 
available 
for  war 
service. 

Total 
number. 

AEJIOKED. 

7 

7 

1  • 

3    

3 

Cruisers 

1 

3 

3 

Gun  vessels 
Total . 


UNARMOEED. 


Cruiscr.s,  protected . 

Cruisers 

Gun  vessels 

Torpedo  vessels  ... 
Miscellaneous 


Total... 

Summary 

Torpedo  boats 


45 


33R.^ZrL 

- 

AKJIORED. 

4 

2 
3 

6 

Coast-dofenso  ves 

1 

4 

2 

4 

6 

■" 

Total 

4 

2 

5 

1 
23 

12 

5 

2 
5 
0 

1 
4 

16 

UXARMORED. 

d 



Crniscrs,  protecte 

6 

1    .. 

9 

6 

23 

6 

;t"" 

7 

17 

Tot.".l 

12 

2  { 

36 

62 

16 

4  1 

41 

17 

78 

1 

15 

15 

1 I 

CHILE!. 


ARMORED. 

1 

2 
1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

Xotll                                        

3 

3 

UXAP.MORED. 

1 

1 

3 
4 

5 

1 

5 

0 

Torpedo  vessels 

2 

2 
6 

4 

2 

10 

Total 

5 

1 

3 

15 

24 

5 

1 

3 

18 

27 

Torpedo  boats '. 

Some 



21 

21 

396 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


CHiisr^. 


Type. 

Number      Number 
authorized,  building. 

Number 
unfit  for 
eft'ective 
service. 

Number 
available 
for  war 
service. 

Total 
number. 

ARMOEED. 

2 
4 

2 

4 

1                      1                  1 

Total 

1                      1 

S 

6 

1                      1 

UNAKMOKED. 



7 
5 

6 
13 
44 

13 

2 

4 

20 

48 

Torpedo  vessels 

1 1 

1 

27 

18 

45 

1                      1 

Total 

! 1      " 

33 

81 

127 

Summary 

1              13  1              33 

87 

133 

1                       t 

32 

32 

r)EM]M^\.riii. 


Battle  sliips 

Coast-defense  vessels 
Cruisers 


Total 


UJS'ARMOEED. 


Cruisers,  protected 

Cruisers 

Gun  vessels 

Torpedo  vessels 

Miscelhineous , 


Total 

Summary 

Torpedo  boats . 


20 


E^sTG-I^^lSriD. 


ARMORED. 

2 

6 

36 
18 
19 

44 

18 

3 

22 

Total 

2 

6 

3 

73 

84 

UXARJIORED. 

Cruisci  s,  protected 

5 

12 

46 
68 
82 
31 
114 

63 

1 

09 

82 

8 

39 

1.-50 

244 

1 

Total 

7 

20 

131 

341 

497 

9 

26 

134 

414 

581 

16 

14 

197 

227 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       397 


Type. 

Krnnber 
authorized. 

KuTnljer 
building. 

Number 
unfit  for 
efi'ective 
service. 

Number 

available 

lor  war 

service. 

Total 
number. 

AEiXORED. 

3 

5 

4 

7 

3 
1 
3 

18 

21 

g 

20 

20 

19 

Total 

3 

16 

7 

48 

74 

CN.IKMOEED. 

Cruisers,  protcc  ted 

G 

11 

19 

28 

87 

11 

244 

36 

2 

2 

30 

. 

i 

1 
3 

C4 

14 

119 

363 

1 

10 

15 

123 

389 

537 

13 

31 

130 

437 

611 

10 

33 

180 
1 

223 

3 

G^ERIM^NY. 


Battle  ships 

Coast-defense  vessels. 
Gun  vessels 


Total . 


UXAEMORED. 


Cruisers,  iirotectcd. 

Cruisers 

Gun  vessels 

Torpedo  vessels 

Miscellaneous 


Total- 


Summary. 


Torpedo  boats 

Torpedo  boats  (submarine). 


38 


38 


56 
81 
109 


104 

139 

125 
1 


G-REECE. 


Battle  ships 
Cruisers 


Total 


U.N'AriJIOREt). 

Cruisers,  protected 

Cruisers 

Gun  vessels 

Torpedo  vessels 

Miscellaneous 


Total . . . , 

Summary 

Torpedo  boats . 


398 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    NAVY. 
HOLLAND. 


Type. 

Number 
anthoiized. 

Kutnber 
building. 

Xumber 
tinflt  for 
cflectivc 
service. 

Number 
available 
for  war 
service. 

Total 
mxmber. 

ARMOIiED. 

„ 

25 

23 

Total           

3 

25 

1 
11 

55 

28 

UNAP.MOSED. 

1 

11 

1 

56 

i 

4 

11 

35 

46 



Total 

5  1             11 

102 

lU 

•3  1               5  j              11 

127 

142 

3 

38 

41 

ITALY, 


AKMORED. 

5 

7 
C 
4 

12 

c 

2 

2 

8 

2 

7 

17 

26 

UXAKMOItED. 

7 
1 

6 
12 
32 
13 
67 

13 

13 

32 

3 
3 

2 

18 

70 

i 

Total - 

6 

10 

130 

146 

8 

17 

147 

172 

19 

i 

160 
1 

179 

2 

JA1PA1S3". 


AKMORED. 

1 

3 

2 

3 

1 

2 



Total 

1 

5 

5 

UXAUMOr.ED. 

4 

1 

G 
8 
7 
1 
6 

11 

8 

7 

Torpedo  vessels 

1 

5 

11 

Tot  al 

* 

6 

28  1               38 

4 

6 

33  1               43 

7 

23 

30 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.        399 


Type. 

Kumber 
authorized. 

Number 
building. 

Kumber 
unfit  lor 
eflective 
service. 

Number 
available 
for  war 
service. 

Total 
number. 

AEMOEED. 

1 

1 

1 

4 

4 

Totii] 

4 

1 

5 

UNAEMORED. 

1 

6 
30 

6 

2 

32 

8 

IG 

24 

1 

Total 

2  1                8 

52 

U2 

Summary 

j                6  1                8 

53 

G7 

5 

4 

9 

1 

RXJSSI.^. 


ARMOKED. 

Battle  ships 

5 
2 
1 

10 

27 

0 

15 

29 

1 

11 

Total 

1 

S 

40 

55 

rXAKMORED. 

1 
28 
35 
11 

1 

28 

1 
3 

19 

10 

70  '               83 

Total 

10 

4j 1            145 

159 

11 

12 

191               214 

14 

152 

16G 

si»j^i:isr 


ARMORED. 

1 

5 

1 

;sscls. 

1 

i 

7 

7 

Total    . 

7 

C 

13 

UXAEMOEED. 

ed 

Cruisers,  protec 

6 
15 
28 

8 
45 

6 

1                      1 

15 

Gun  vessels --  -     -                       ^   ..'... 1 1 

28 

Torpedo  vessels 

3 

11 

19 

01 

Total 

3 

19 

102 

124 

Summary 

10 

19 

108 

137 

Torpedo  boats  . 

24 

1 

24 

1 

•  48 

Torpedo  boat.i  (s 

ubmai 

ine) .'. ' 

2 

i 

400  REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    NAVY. 


Type. 

Number 
authorized. 

Number 
building. 

Number 
unfit  for 
effective 
service. 

Number 
available 
for  war 
service. 

Total 
number. 

ARMORED   (SWEDEN). 

1 

15 

10 

ARMORED  (NORWAY) . 

Eaitle  ships 

: 

■ 

1 

i 

4 

Total,  Sweden  



1 

■: 

10 

Total,  K'orwav ' 

4 

1 



20 

20 

UNARMORED   (SWEDEN').                              i' 

Cruisers,  protected ' 

1 

4 
13 

1 
28 

4 

13 

Torpedo  vessels 1 1 

1 

3 

31 

UJS-AEMCRED    (NORWAY). 

1 

1                   1 

1 

2 

31 

1 

2 

31 

Torpedo  vessels J ' L   -  .--   -. 

9 

5 

14 

Total  Sweden 

1 

...               i  . 

., 

40 
39 

49 

Total  Norway '  -                   ' 

9 

■18 

1 

1 

12 

85 

07 

' 

3 
9 

12 

62 
43 
105 

05 

52 

117 

1 

Torpedo  boats : 

20 
9 

2 

11 

Total  Sweden  and  Norway 

1                 2 

29 

31 

TURIvEY. 


ARMORED. 

2 

7 
4 

7 

9 

4 

1 

g 

Total 

2 

1 

18 

21 

UNARMORED. 

2 

2 

16 

2 
2 
8 

1 

4 

Cruisers 

3 
16 

42 

40 

Torpedo  vessels 

3 

20 

02 

1 

Total 

20 

13 

20 

63 

110 

22 

14 

20 

81 

13'. 

5 

80 
2 

3t 

2 

1 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       401 

A  comparison  of  these  tables  will  sliow  tliat  the  United  States  now 
ranks  seventh  as  a  naval  power. 

Of  the  old  wooden  ships  of  the  JSTavy  but  eight  remain  in  active 
service  as  cruisers,  and  one,  the  .Rartford,  is  now  being  repaired  for 
service.  These  vessels  will  disappear  from  active  service  within  three 
years  under  the  operations  of  the  10  per  cent  limit,  except  the  Rart- 
ford  and  the  Kearsorge,  which  arc  s^iecially  exempted  by  act  of  Con- 
gress. ISTone  of  our  wooden  vessels  can  be  taken  into  account  in  the 
cousideratiou  of  an  effective  ISTavy. 

After  careful  consideration,  the  Dex)artment  requests  authority  to 
devote  the  $450,000  authorized  for  the  construction  of  a  vessel  simihir 
to  the  Vesuvius  to  the  construction  of  three  torpedo  boats;  and  it  also 
recommends  that  Congress  should  so  increase  the  limit  of  cost  of  tlie 
swift  tori)edo  cruiser  authorized  by  the  act  of  June  30, 1890,  as  to  enable 
tlie  Department  to  have  this  vessel  laid  down  during  the  next  fiscal 
year. 

PROPOSALS  FOR   NEW  VESSELS. 

The  act  of  Congress  entitled  ''An  act  making  appropriations  for  the 
naval  service  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1894,  and  for  other 
puri)r.ses,"  approved  Marcb  3,  1893,  authorized  the  construction  of 
three  new  vessels,  these  vessels  to  be  of  the  cTass  known  as  "light- 
draft  protected  gunboats,"  of  about  1,200  tons  disi)lacement,  and  to 
cost  not  more  than  $100,000  each,  excluding  any  premiums  that  may 
be  paid  for  increased  speed  and  cost  of  armament.  The  act  fnrther 
provided  that  the  contract  for  the  construction  ot  either  of  said  gun- 
boats shall  contain  such  i^rovisions  as  to  speed,  and  i^remiums  and 
penalties  affected  by  speed,  as,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  may  be  deemed  jiroper  and  fitting. 

Under  authority  conferred  by  the  act  above  mentioned,  sealed  pro- 
posals were  invited  for  the  construction  of  these  vessels,  which,  for  the 
purjiose  of  distinguishing  them,  were  designated  as  Gunboats  iSTos.  7,  8, 
and  9,  under  two  general  classes,  each  class  embracing  all  three  ves- 
sels. In  Class  1  the  "hull  and  machinery,  including  engines,  boilers, 
and  appurtenances  and  equipment,  complete  in  all  respects,  in  accord- 
ance witli  the  drawings,  plans,  and  specifications  provided  by  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Navy."  Class  2,  the  "hull  and  machinery,  including 
engines,  boilers,  and  appurtenances  and  equipment,  complete  in  all 
respects,  in  accordance  with  the  dra^  ings,  plans,  and  specifications 
provided  by  the  bidder." 

Two  designs  were  determined  upon  by  the  Department;  the  one  for 
No.  7  being  that  of  a  light-draft  protected  gunboat  of  about  1,200  tons 
displacement,  having  a  speed  of  14  knots  per  hour;  and  that  for  Nos. 
8  and  9,  being  of  a  light  draft  protected  gunboat  for  special  service, 
having  a  si)eed  of  13  knots  per  hour.  These  vessels  are  designed  for 
use  in  Chinese  waters  and  for  river  service  elsewhere. 
Ab.  93 2G 


402 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


Plans,  drawings,  and  specifications  were  prepared  by  tlie  Depart- 
ment ready  for  the  iusi^ection  of  all  persons  desiring  to  bid  nnder 
Class  1,  and  the  sealed  proposals  under  both  classes  were  oj^ened  Octo- 
ber 17,  1893. 

The  bids  nnder  the  two  classes  were  found  to  be  as  follows: 

CLASS  1. 


Karae  of  bidder. 


Gniiboat 
No.  7.  - 


Gunboat 
'So.  8  or  9. 


GuDboa*3    ISTo.   8  and 
Wo.  9. 


Each. 


Total. 


Maryland  Steel  Company,  Sparrow  Point,  Md 

Union  Iron  Works,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

^Newport  Xews  Shipbuilding  Company,   Newport 

News,  Va 

Coronado  Toimdry  and  ATacbiue   Company,   Coro- 

nado,  San  Diogo  County,  Cal 

Batb  Iron  Works,  Bath,  Mo 


$380,  000 
400.  000 


200,  COO 


372.  000 
425,  000 


$380,  000 
385,  000 


.$375,  000 
350, 000 


287,  500 


$750,  000 
700,  000 

575,  OpO 


408, 000 


Name  of  bidder. 


Gunboats  No.  7  and  No.  8  or     Gunboats  No.  7  and  No.  8  and 
No.  9.  "  No.  9. 


No.  7.      No.  8  or  9.     Total 


ilaryland    Steel    Company,     Sparrow 

roint,Md I  $379,000     $379,000 

Union  Iron  Works,  San  Francisco,  Cal.j  400, 000  \  3S0,  000 
Newi)ort  News  Shipbuilding  Company,  j  1 

Newport  News,  Va 1    292,  500  j    292,  500 

Jolin  H.  Dialogue  &.  Sou,  Camden,  N.J. 


$758,  000 
780, 000 


585,  000 


No.  7.      No.  8  or  9.      Toial 


$370, 000 
400, 000 


280, 000 
395, 3331 


$370,  OCO  I  $1,110,000 
350, 000       1, 100, 000 


280,  000 


840,  000 


395, 333j]    1, 180,  000 


CLASS  2. 


Name  of  bidder. 


Gunboat 
No.  7. 


Gunboat 
No.  8  or  9. 


Gunboats  No.  8  and 
No.  9. 


Each. 


Total. 


Uuicn  Iron  Works,  San  Francisco,  Cal ' 

Bath  Iron  Works,  Bath,  Mo !      $368,000 


$377,  COO 
382, 000 


$342,  COO    $084, 000 
377,000     754,000 


Name  of  bidder. 

Gunb'oats  No.  7  and  No.  8  or 
No.  9. 

Gunboats  No.  7  and  No.  8  and 
No.  9. 

No.  7. 

No.  8  or  9. 

Total. 

No.  7. 

No.  8  or  9. 

Total. 

$400, 000 

$342, 000 

$1, 084,  OCO 

1 

These  bids  are  very  much  lower  than  any  ever  heretofore  received  by 
the  Government,  butbefore  accepting  any  of  them  the  Departmentis  hav- 
ing all  the  plans  examined  by  a  second  board.  This  board  is  ex])e('ted 
to  report  during  the  coming  week,  and  the  contracts  will  i)robably  be 
awarded  before  Congress  convenes. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    NAVY.  403 

CONSTRUCTIOIs    OF   SHIPS. 

Tlic  difficulty  experienced  until  recently  in  procuring  armor  Las 
caused  long  and  unlooked-for  delays  in  the  construction  of  armored 
vessels.  Secretary  Whitney,  on  the  1st  day  of  June,  1887,  contracted 
with  the  Bethlehem  Companj^  for  the  armor  required  for  the  construc- 
tion and  completion  of  four  monitors,  the  Puritan,  Terror,  Monadnocl-, 
and  Ampliiirite,  and  two  second-class  battle  ships,  the  Maine  and  the 
Texas.  Three  hundred  tons  were  to  be  ready  by  February  1,  1890,  and 
deliveries  were  to  be  made  thereafter  at  the  rate  of  300  tons  iier  month. 
Deliveries  under  this  contract  were  to  commence  in  January,  1890,  and 
be  completed  in  September,  1891.  Had  the  contract  been  complied 
with,  all  the  above  shij)s  might  have  been  in  commission  at  thei^resent 
time.  As  it  is,  none  of  them  are  completed.  Three  first-class  battle 
ships  having  been  in  the  meantime  authorized  by  Congress,  Secretary 
Tracy,  on  the  20th  day  of  November,  1891,  contracted  with  Carnegie  «& 
Co.  for  6,300  tons  of  armor.  Deliveries  were  to  begin  July  1, 1891,  and 
be  completed  about  April  1,  1892. 

Of  the  12,300  tons  covered  by  the  two  contracts,  only  1,910  tons  had 
been  delivered  on  the  1st  day  of  March  last.  When  new  industries  are 
inaugurated  time  is  required  to  i^erfect  x)lants,  and  these  can  not  be 
operated  successfully  without  experience.  Our  armor-makers  have 
encountered  even  greater  difficulties  than  they  anticipated,  but  these 
have  all  been  overcome,  and  deliveries  of  armor  are  now  being  made 
with  satisfactory  rapidity. 

Modern  shipbuilding  itself  may  almost  be  said  to  be  a  new  industry 
in  this  country,  and  delays  have  sometimes,  though  rarely,  resulted 
from  the  want  of  experience  in  builders.  More  frequently  contractors 
for  material  have  foiled  to  make  prompt  deliveries.  Then,  too,  it 
always  happens  that  changes  and  additions  are  determined  upon  and 
ordered  while  vessels  are  in  process  of  construction.  These  alterations 
are  not  only  the  cause  of  vexatious  delays,  but  are  attended  with  more 
or  less  expense.  The  necessity  for  changes  often  arises  from  undue 
haste  in  the  preparation  of  plans,  but  experience  has  proved  that  no 
amount  of  care  or  skill  can  entirely  obviate  it.  Complaints  are  made 
in  the  British  House  of  Commons,  just  as  here,  that  constructors  vary 
the  plans  of  vessels  as  they  progress. 

There  is  probably  no  ground  for  believing  that  we  shall  ever  con- 
struct a  vessel  without  making  some  changes  in  its  plans  while  build- 
ing, but  to  reduce  this  evil  to  a  minimum,  I  have  enjoined  the  utmost 
caution  upon  the  designers  of  the  three  new  gunboats  authorized  by 
the  last  Congress.  It  is  hoped  that  deliberation  in  the  construction  of 
plans  v.'ill  achieve  better  and  even  speedier  results  than  would  come 
from  any  effort  to  expedite  them. 

Surveying  the  whole  field,  we  find  much  to  be  proud  of  in  the 
knowledge  that  we  can  now  furnish  the  material  for,  and  build,  modern 


404       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

sliips  of  war  as  quickly  and,  without  any  doubt,  as  well  as  any  coun- 
try in  the  worhL  I  feel  confident  that  some  of  our  shipyards  rival  the 
best  in  Europe. 

The  work  of  construction  on  the  coast-defense  battle  sliips  Indiana 
and  MassacJtusctts,  of  10,200  tons  each,  is  progressing  satisfactorily. 
The  former  vessel  is  the  more  advanced  toward  completion,  and  it  is 
anticipated  that  she  will  be  ready  for  trial  by  June  of  the  coming  year. 

The  coast-defense  battle  ship  Oregon,  of  10,200  tons,  has  been 
launched,  and  work  is  being  i:)ushed  on  her  as  rapidly  as  possible. 

,Workonthc  protected  cruisers  Columbia  and  Minneapolis,  of  7,350 
tons  each,  is  being  rapidly  pushed.  It  is  e5X)ected  that  the  former 
vessel  will  be  ready  for  commissioning  in  a  short  time. 

Tlie  second-class  battle  ship  Maine,  of  0,018  tons,  has  had  a  trial  of 
her  engines,  and  her  armor  is  now  being  put  in  place.  It  is  expected 
that  she  will  be  ready  for  a  sea  trial  in  about  six  months. 

The  work  on  the  second-class  battle  ship  Texas,  of  G,300  tons,  is  pro- 
gressing as  rapidly  as  possible,  and  the  vessel  will  probably  be  ready 
for  her  sea  trial  within  six  months. 

Tiie  progress  of  work  on  the  double-turreted  monitor  Puritan,  of 
0,000  tons,  is  satisfactory,  and  it  is  expected  that  the  vessel  will  be 
ready  for  trial  about  July  1,  next. 

The  double-turreted  monitors  Terror,  Amphitrite,  and  MonadnocJc, 
of  3,990  tons  each,  are  approaching  completion  in  the  order  named. 
It  is  believed  that  they  will  all  be  ready  for  trial  during  the  first  halt 
of  the  next  year. 

The  protected  cruiser  Olympia,  of  5,500  tons,  will  have  her  trial  trip 
within  the  coming  week. 

Work  on  the  inotected  crnisers  Cineinnati  and  Raleigh,  of  3,183  tons 
each,  is  progressing  with  as  much  dispatch  as  possible,  and  both  vessels 
vrill  be  ready  for  trial  by  March  next. 

The  cruiser  Marblehead,  of  2,000  tons,  is  so  far  advanced  tliat  the 
Department  ex^jccts  that  her  acceptance  trial  will  take  place  within  a 
short  time. 

The  cruiser  Montgomery,  of  2,000  tons,  was  taken  to  Long  Island 
Sound  in  October  last  for  her  trial  trip  and  Avas  accidentally  lun 
agr(mnd  before  the  trial  began.  The  heavy  shock  sustained  from  her 
contact  \Tith  the  rugged  bottom  caused  injuries  which  will  not  be 
reiiaired  for  some  weeks  to  come.  The  accident,  however,  resulted  in 
demonstrating  the  excellence  of  the  material  of  which  she  is  built. 
The  contractors,  in  whose  hands  she  was  at  the  time,  and  who  were 
responsible  for  the  mishap,  are  making  the  necessary  repairs. 

The  armored  harbor-defense  ram  Katalidin,  of  2,183  tons,  will  be 
ready  for  trial  about  January  1,  1895,  by  which  date  it  is  expected  that 
her  armor  will  have  been  delivered  and  bolted  in  place. 

The  torpedo  boat  Ericsson  should  be  completed  by  the  end  of  the 
present  fiscal  year. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY,       405 

The  seagoing-  battle  sbii)  loica,  of  11,296  tous,  will  be  completed, 
from  present  indications,  by  February  1, 189G;  and  the  armored  cruiser 
BrooJiiyn,  of  9,150  tous,  about  six  months  later. 

The  progress  of  development  in  tlie  construction  of  tbe  vessels  of  tbe 
new  Navy  heretofore  authorized  is  thus  shown  to  be  so  well  advanced 
as  to  make  it  possible  to  give  a  definite  idea  of  the  cost  to  the  Govern- 
ment, in  consequence  of  which  I  herewith  submit  the  following  tables 
of  details  of  cost  of  comi)leted  and  uncompleted  vessels  of  the  Navy  up 
to  the  beginning  of  the  present  fiscal  year. 

Taking  into  consideration  the  fact  that  almost  all  of  the  details  of 
this  construction  were  new  to  our  designers,  manufacturers,  and  work- 
men, I  am  sure  you  will  be  convinced  that  the  work  has  been  carried 
on  without  extravagance,  and  to  the  best  interests  of  the  Government. 


406 


REPORT  OF  THE  Sl.CRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


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REPORT    OP   THE    SECRETARY    OP    THE    NAVY. 


407 


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EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


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410 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    NAVY. 


ORDNANCE. 

The  production  of  modern  Ligli-poTver  guns  at  tlie  Wasliiugtou 
factory  is  progressing  satisfactorily.  Tlie  gun  plant  at  this  establish- 
ment is  not  surpassed  by  any  in  the  world,  and  increased  experience 
has  resulted  during  the  past  year  in  still  greater  economy  in  all 
branches  of  manufacture.  Up  to  the  present  time  there  have  been 
completed  for  service  237  guns,  ranging  in  caliber  from  4-inch  to  13- 
inch,  all  of  which  have  not  only  proved  successful  upon  trial,  but  have 
also  given  results  which  shovv^  conclusively  that  the  general  system  of 
construction  employed  has  no  superior  in  foreign  countries. 

For  the  new  vessels  thus  far  authorized  main  battery  guns  will  be 
required  as  follows: 


Number  of  forgiugs. 

Number  of 

^'^timber  of 

Xunibcr  of 

Caliber  of  gun. 

Ordered. 

Delivered. 

pletcd  to 
date. 

guns  partly 
"coiuiileted. 

guns 
ailoat. 

107 
86 

141 
68 
26 
13 
12 

77 

66 

141 

52 

25 

8 

9 

55 

37 

135 

33 

25 

8 

5 

20 

19 

6 

19 

34 

26 

CC 

8-incli 

20 

10-incli 

10 

12-iucli 

2 

13iiicli 

3 

Total 

453  1                 :!GS  i                 2!)S 

67 

ISS 

None  of  the  13-inch  guns  have  been  tested  up  to  the  present  time,  as 
their  mounts  have  not  yet  been  completed. 

The  possession  of  new  and  imjiroved  gun  lathes  has  permitted  of  so 
great  an  improvement  in  the  process  of  construction  that  the  time 
required  from  the  rough  boring  of  the  tube  of  a  12-inch  gun  to  the 
ritling  and  lapping  has  been  reduced  from  ten  to  six  and  a  half  months, 
with  the  gratifying  result  of  reducing  the  cost  of  labor  over  30  per 
cent. 

The  maximum  caliber  of  guns  building  is  13  inches.  In  the  past 
guns  have  been  built  for  the  main  batteries  of  battleships  abroad  of  a 
caliber  as  high  as  1G.75  inches,  and  weighing  over  100  tons,  but  prac- 
tical experience  under  service  conditions  afloat  has  proved  them  unde- 
sirable for  naval  use. 

At  the  present  time  the  weight  of  foreign  naval  opinion  is  in  favor  of 
guns  of  not  more  than  12-inch  caliber,  and  weighing  not  more  than  50  tons. 
These  guns,  owing  to  greater  length  of  bore  and  the  use  of  more  i^ower- 
ful  slow-burning  powder  of  the  smokeless  variety,  give  alniost  as  good 
results  as  the  larger  gTins  above  referred  to,  and  this,  taken  in  connec- 
tion with  the  great  danger  of  accident  to  the  mechanical  devices  used 
to  manipulate  the  larger  high-powered  guns,  has  operated  to  cause  a 
demand,  for  a  gun  of  the  maximum  weight  that  can  be  readily  handled 
by  man  power.    Information  in  possession  of  the  Department  leads  to 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


411 


the  belief  that  this  policy  is  uow  that  of  the  leading  nations  abroad. 
In  England  the  largest  guns  for  naval  use  under  construction  at  the 
present  time  are  of  12inch  caliber,  40  calibers  in  length,  weighing  50 
tons;  in  France,  11.8  caliber  and  45  calibers  in  length. 

The  last  of  the  10-inch  guns  authorized  have  been  completed  during 
the  year.  The  breech  mechanism  of  these  guns  has  undergone  impor- 
tant modihcations,  by  which  its  weight  has  been  materially  reduced 
without  any  diminution  of  strength. 

The  forgings  for  an  8-iiich  nickel-steel  gun  have  been  machined  and 
are  ready  for  assembling.  When  completed  the  gun  will  be  subjected 
to  exhaustive  trials,  with  the  expectation  that  this  new  departure, 
which  combines  the  employment  of  a  material  never  heretofore  used  in 
gun  construction,  with  an  entirely  new  process  of  assembling,  will  give 
results  of  increased  efficiency  at  a  greatly  reduced  cost  of  manufacture. 

The  remaining  G  guns  of  6-inch  caliber,  which  are  now  in  an 
advanced  stage  of  completion,  are  to  be  fitted  as  rapid-fire  guns. 

All  the  5-inch  guns  are  to  be  of  40  calibers. 

The  improved  hand-working  breech  mechanism  referred  to  in  the 
last  report,  having  successfully  withstood  exhaustive  tests,  has  been 
adopted  for  all  guns  of  8-inch  caliber  and  above. 

For  the  secondary  batteries,  480  guns  have  thus  far  been  ordered, 
the  tyi)e  and  number  being  as  follows  : 


Gun. 


Birailliineter i  Hotclikiss 

47milliraeter I do 

l-poundtT ' ' do 

1-poundcr Dri^^gs 


iNumber        Xumbor 
ordered.    I  completed. 


3-pouiidcr... 
3-poTinder. . . 
C-poiuidcr. . , 
Cpounder... 

Total  , 


Hotcl!ki.s.s  . . 

Briggs 

notcbkiss  .. 
Driggs 


49 
14 

91 
15 
36 
10 
150 
115 


36 

10 

150 


Ordered 

but  not 

delivered. 


80 


iJfumber 
afloat. 


33 


204 


The  general  tendency  with  the  principal  foreign  powers  is  not  only 
towards  the  installation  on  war  vessels  of  as  many  rapid-firing  and 
machine  guns  as  can  be  properly  protected, but  also  towards  the  exten- 
sion of  the  rapid-firing  system  to  guns  of  higher  calibers. 


GUN  MOUNTS. 

During  the  past  year  the  10-inch  and  12-inch  guns  of  tlie  Monterey 
have  been  carefully  tested  under  ordhiary  service  conditions,  and  their 
mounts  found  to  work  successfully.  This  fact  has  led  the  Department 
to  adopt  the  same  type  for  the  13-iiich  mounts  of  the  battle  ships. 
Three  of  these  13-inch  mounts  are  now  in  course  of  construction ;  the 
castings  for  the  remainder  have  been  contracted  for  and  will  soon  be 


412       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

delivered.  Tlie  12-incli  mounts  for  the  Puritan  mid  Texas  are  well 
under  \v:iy  aud  will  be  completed  by  the  time  the  vessels  are  ready  to 
receive  them.  One  of  tliese  mounts  has  passed  a  successful  test  at  the 
naval  proving  ground.  The  10-incli  gun  mounts  for  the  Elaine  are 
practically  ready,  and  those  for  the  Amphitrite  and  Monadnoclc  are  in 
an  advanced  stage. 

The  pneumatic  mounts  for  the  Terror  have  been  completed  and  arc 
novr  awaiting  trial. 

A  new  type  of  8-inch  carriage  has  been  designed,  which,  it  is  hoped, 
will  prove  superior  to  those  now  in  service.  In  this  new  design  the  guns 
wiil  recoil  in  the  line  of  tire,  and  return  to  battery  by  springs,  a  method 
vcr}^  similar  to  that  used  in  the  smaller  rapid-fire  carriages.  It  is 
expected  that  this  new  arrangement  will  reduce  the  downward  thrust 
on  the  decks  to  a  minimum,  and  will  very  much  lessen  the  exposure  of 
the  gun  crew  to  small-arm  and  machine-gun  fire  by  materially  reducing 
the  size  of  the  large  ports  of  turrets  and  gun  shields. 

POAVDER. 

The  Department  is  pleased  to  state  that  a  new  source  of  powder  sap- 
ply  is  now  assured  on  the  Pacific  coast.  During  the  past  year  tlio 
first  lot  of  brown  powder,  manufactured  by  the  California  Powder  Com- 
pany of  Santa  Cruz,  Cal.,  was  received.  The  lot  was  for  use  vvith  the 
G-inch  gun,  and  has  been  tested  with  most  gratifying  results. 

The  manufa(;ture  of  smokeless  powder  at  the  naval  torpedo  station, 
at  Is'ewport,  E.  I.,  has  been  continued  during  the  past  year  with  prom- 
ising results,  but  the  Department  considers  that  this  manufacture  is 
stiii  inthe  experimcp.tal  stage.  If  farther  developments  demonstrate 
its  success  under  service  conditions,  it  will  be  issued  for  use  on  board 
si  lip  without  delay. 

HIGH   EXPLOSIVES. 

Emmensite  and  the  nitrate  high  exidosives  referred  to  in  the  last 
report  have  been  experimented  with  during  the  year  and  successfully 
fired  from  high-poAver  guns  up  to  and  including  the  G-inch  caliber.  A 
detonating  fuse  has  been  used  in  the  shells  charged  with  emmensite, 
with  which  excellent  results  were  obtained. 

The  Duponts  have  completed  their  order  for  50,000  pounds  of  gun 
cotton,  which  has  proved  to  be  of  excellent  quality.  With  this  source 
of  supply,  and  that  of  the  torpedo  station  at  Newport,  B.I.,  there  is  no 
doubt  that  the  demands  of  the  Navy  can  be  met  at  any  time. 

The  manufacture  of  gun  cotton  has  been  continued  at  the  torpedo 
station  with  marked  success,  and  during  the  year  exhaustive  experi- 
ments in  the  manufacture  of  smokeless  powder  have  been  conducted  at 
that  place. 

PROJECTILES. 

The  manufacture  of  armor-piercing  projectiles  in  this  country  is  now 
well  established.     Of  those  heretofore  referred  to  as  being  produced 


REPORT  OF  TPIE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       413 

under  contract  by  the  Carpenter  Steel  Company,  of  Eeading-,  Pa.,  and 
tlie  Sterling  Steel  Company,  of  Delmar,  Pa.,  9,GG5  of  various  calibers 
have  been  ordered,  of  which  4,089  have  been  delivered  up  to  date. 
Exhaustive  tests  of  these  shells  show  conclusively  that  they  are  equal, 
if  not  sux)erior,  to  any  armor-piercing  shell  manufactured  abroad.  The 
advent  of  Harveyized  nickel-steel  armor,  however,  has  so  changed  the 
conditions  of  attack  as  to  render  the  higher  development  of  armor- 
piercing  projectiles  absolutely  essential.  This  necessity  has  been 
clearly  established  by  experiments  at  the  naval  proving  giounds  this 
year,  where,  in  angular  fire  against  curved  nickel-steel  plates,  it  was 
demonstrated  that  armor-piercing  projectiles  would  not  penetrate  at  an 
angle  of  45  degrees,  and  that  at  even  smaller  angles  of  impact  armor- 
piercing  projectiles  were  liable  to  break  up.  This  matter  is  now  receiv- 
ing the  serious  attention  of  the  Bureau  of  Ordnance. 

In  this  connection,  during  the  past  year,  forged  steel  shells  for  the 
smaller  calibers  have  been  treated  with  the  Harvey  process,  greatly 
enhancing  their  armor-piercing  qualities. 

During  the  last  few  months  i^rivate  firms  have  evidenced  their  abil- 
ity to  supply  wrought-steel  shells  of  such  an  excellent  quality  that  the 
Department  has  deemed  it  advisable  to  discontinue  the  manufacture 
of  cast-iron  projectiles. 

Steel  shells,  fitted  with  base  fuses,  for  the  4-inch,  5-inch,  and  G-inch 
guns,  manufactured  by  the  United  States  Projectile  Companj^  have 
proved  very  satisfactory,  carrying  their  bursting  charges  through  steel 
plates  half  a  caliber  in  thickness  without  breaking  up  the  shells. 

SMALL   ARMS. 

The  progress  made  in  the  development  of  small  arms  abroad  during 
the  last  seven  years  has  reached  such  a  point  that  the  Department  has 
become  coiivinced  that  the  time  has  arrived  for  a  change  in  the  small- 
arm  rifle  now  in  use  in  the  Navy.  With  this  end  in  view  a  board  of 
naval  officers  was  ai)pointed  in  July  of  this  year  to  first  consider  and 
decide  upon  the  caliber,  and  then  to  test  and  submit  the  small  arms 
best  suited  to  the  naval  service. 

Since  the  introduction  of  smokeless  powder,  in  188G,  small-arm 
experts  have  been  fully  alive  to  the  great  tactical  advantages  of  a 
reduction  in  caliber,  and  foreign  nations  have  exj)erimented  with  rifles 
of  various  designs  with  the  object  of  overcoming  the  mechanical  dis- 
advantages incidental  to  manufacture.  As  a  result  the  principal  civil- 
ized nations,  with  the  exception  of  the  United  States,  are  to-day  using 
magazine  rifles  varying  in  caliber  from  ".315  to  ",25G,  which  emjjloy 
charges  of  smokeless  powder  giving  muzzle  velocities  of  2,000  foot 
seconds  and  over  and  effective  ranges  of  not  less  than  2,000  yards — 
over  a  mile.  Exhaustive  trials  of  these  rifles  have  clearly  demon- 
strated their  great  superiority  in  ballistic  and  tactical  qualities  over 
the  old-time  rifles  of  large  caliber. 


414 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


Tlie  arm  at  present  in  use  in  the  Navy  is  the  ".45  caliber,  employing  a 
charge  of  black  i)Owder,  giving  a  muzzle  velocity  of  1,250  foot  seconds, 
with  an  effective  range  of  only  1,200  yards.  The  weight  of  its  ammuni- 
tion is  snch  that  but  55  rounds  can  be  carried  per  man. 

After  careful  deliberation  and  research,  taking  into  consideration  the 
actual  necessities  of  our  own  naval  service,  the  board  recommended  a 
magazine  rifle  oi  ".236  caliber,  to  use  a  smokeless  powder  which  will 
give  a  muzzle  velocity  ot  2,100  toot  seconds,  an  eHective  range  of  a  mile 
and  a  half,  and  employing  cartridges  of  such  a  weight  as  to  permit 
not  less  than  200  rounds  to  be  carried  per  man. 

This  rifle  will  be  of  a  smaller  caliber  than  that  now  in  use  by  any 
other  power.  The  Department  has  approved  the  recommendation  of 
the  board,  in  the  expectation  that  it  will  result  in  giving  tlie  U.  S. 
Navy  a  rifle  with  ballistic  and  tactical  qualities  superior  to  those 
of  any  other  small  arm  noAV  in  actual  service,  or  adopted  and  in  course 
of  c'f>nstrnctiou. 

The  following  table  gives  details  of  the  small  arms  either  adopted  or 
now  in  use  by  the  principal  foreign  powers: 


Country. 

Type. 

Name. 

Cali- 
ber. 

AVeight 

of 
charge. 

Weight 
bullot. 

Number 

cartiidges 

c.irrie'd 

per  man. 

Weight  of 
ammuni- 
tion car- 
ried. 

Inches. 

Grains. 

Grains. 

Po^l}uh. 

Unileil  states  5>'avy 
(proposed). 

0.23G 

33 

135 

2C0 

9.0 

do    

MauulicliL'r ... 
Manser 

.315 
.301 

42.5 
47 

214 
219 

150 
150 

9.7 

Beljiiuru 

....do 

8.0 

Eii^daud 

....do  

Lee-Metford . . 

.303 

216 

IIG 

7.1 

....do  

....do  

Lebel 

.315 
.311 

43 
42.5 

231.5 
223-226 

120 
150 

0.5 

Gennaiiy 

Mauulicher... 

8.9 

Holland 

....do  

....do  

.256 

32.1 

102 

160 

9.4 

Italy 

....do  

Mannliclier- 
Carcano. 

.256 

29.3 

IGl 

200 

9.5 

Eouuiauia 

....do 

Maunlicher... 

.256 

32.1 

162 

200 

9.5 

Eussia 

....do  

Monzin 

.30 

33 

.213 
<208 

\            150 

7.7 

do 

Sclnnidt 

.295 

30 

215 

100 

c 

It  is  the  intention  of  the  Department  to  manufacture  barrels  and 
ammunition  for  this  caliber,  and  then  to  call  upon  inventors  to  submit 
small  arms  of  their  own  designs  for  competitive  tests,  the  finished  bar- 
rels and.  ammunition  to  be  supplied  by  the  Bureau  of  Ordnance  at  cost 
price.  The  Department  has  become  satisfied  that  no  difficulty  will  be 
found  in  adapting  the  Gatling  or  any  other  machine  gun  to  the  0".23G 
caliber.  • 

TORPEDOES. 


Thirty  Howell  torpedoes  were  originally  contracted  for,  with  the 
option  of  increasing  the  number  to  fifty  or  more.  Seven  torpedoes  of 
this  type  have  been  presented  for  official  trial,  and  the  balance  are 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       415 

read}'  for  assembling.  Their  iierformancc,  in  regard  to  speed  and  accu- 
racy, np  to  a  range  of  400  yards,  was  most  satisfactory,  but,  unfortu- 
nately, after  two  weeks  of  trial,  the  torpedo  boat  from  which  the  tests 
Avere  coiulucted  broke  down,  thus  necessitating  postponement  of  the 
trials  until  repairs  could  be  made  to  the  boat. 

Of  the  Vv'hitehead  torpedoes  fifty  of  those  contracted  for  have  been 
tested  and  accepted.  It  is  gratifying  to  state  that  although  the  require 
ments  of  the  specifications  for  the  tests  of  these  torpedoes  were  excep- 
tionally severe,  the  trials  resulted  in  the  acceptance  of  the  entire  lot, 
and  all  are  coiisidercd  to  be  equal  in  every  respect  to  those  made 
abroad.  The  remainder  of  the  one  hundred  contracted  for  and  ready 
for  assembling  will  be  delivered  as  rapidly  as  they  can  be  tested. 

The  contractor's  plant  is  now  callable  of  famishing  all  the  torpedoes 
and  launching  apparatus  the  Department  may  see  fit  to  order. 

JMiiny  important  modifications  have  been  made  in  the  mechanical 
details  of  the  Hall  torpedo,  which  have  resulted  in  marked  impro^'e- 
meuts  in  its  performances.  This  torpedo  is  still  under  trial  at  the  Tor- 
pedo Station. 

The  Department  has  in  view  the  conducting  of  a  series  of  exjieri- 
nients  with  dirigible  torpedoes  looking  to  their  manipulation  from  a 
movable  base. 

Experiments  are  still  in  progress  looking  to  the  adoption  of  a  suit- 
able torpedo-net  defense  for  our  vessels.  Three  sections  of  net,  two  of 
which  are  of  American  design  and  manufacture,  and  the  other  of  a 
design  now  in  use  on  vessels  of  several  foreign  navies,  have  undergone 
tests  for  brailing  up,  stowing,  and  geyieral  handling,  and  will  soon  be 
subjected  to  steaming  trials  to  determine  the  efficiency  of  the  nets, 
booms,  and  fittings,  and  then  to  exhaustive  progressive  firing  trials 
which  will  be  continued  until  each  net  is  pierced. 

ARMOR. 

The  tests  of  armor  plates  at  the  naval  proving  ground  at  Indian 
Head  during  the  past  year  have  been  most  important,  some  exceeding 
in  severity  any  ever  attempted  either  in  this  country  or  abroad.  The 
results  of  these  tests  have  been  conclusive  in  demonstrating  the  desir- 
ability of  using  the  Harvey  process  for  the  armor  of  all  the  vessels  now 
under  co?astructi()n.  In  one  test,  that  of  a  14-inch  nickel-steel  Har- 
vey plate,  the  results  were  remarkable.  Against  this  plate  were  fired 
four  10-ineh  Holtzer  armor-i^iercing  shells,  with  striking  velocities  of 
1,472, 1,859, 1,959,  and  2,059  foot-seconds,  respectively.  All  four  of  these 
projectiles  were  crushed  on  the  plate,  the  greatest  penetration,  which 
did  not  exceed  11  inches,  being  that  of  the  last  shot,  which  was  fired 
at  a  fragment  of  the  plate  weighing  but  4.4  tons  with  a  striking  energy 
of  14,715  foot-tons,  or  3,344  foot-tons  per  ton  of  plate  attacked.  It  is 
believed  that  such  an  energy  per  ton  of  plate  has  never  been  used  in 
any  test. 


4,16       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

DiiriDg  the  tests  for  acceptance  of  armor  i)lates  experiments  liave 
been  made  to  determine  the  relative  effects  of  impact  of  armor-piercing 
projectiles  on  ship's  framing  protected  by  ordinary  nickel-steel  plates 
and  by  nickel-steel  Harveyized  plates.  In  the  experiments  the  backing 
representing  the  ship's  framing  was  the  same  in  ea(;h  case. 

The  untreated  nickel-steel  i)lates  receive  nearly  all  the  energy  within 
thoniselves,  and  distribute  it  over  the  vessel  in  racking  effect;  while  the 
hard  surface  of  the  nickel-steel  Harveyized  plates  causes  the  energy  of 
impact  to  be  i)rincipal]y  absorbed  in  the  disintegration  of  the  projectile. 
The  experiments  developed  a  marked  difference  in  the  effects  produced, 
in  one  case  a  much  heavier  nickel  untreated  j)late  being  set  back  bodily 
several  inches  under  impact  of  100  foot-seconds  less  velocity  than  the 
lowest  striking  velocity  with  whicii  the  Harvey  plate  was  attacked, 
while  the  latter  was  scarcely  moved  at  all. 

During  this  year  all  the  armor  delivered  has  been  of  nickel  steel,  the 
te^ts  of  which  have  shown  ballistic  qualities  decidedly  superior  to 
what  is  required  for  acceptance  under  the  terms  of  the  contracts. 

Exhaustive  experiments  have  conclusively  demonstrated  the  bene- 
ficial results  obtained  by  the  application  of  the  Harvey  process,  and 
arrangements  have  recently  been  made  to  Harveyize  such  of  the  armor 
under  the  old  contracts  as  was  not  too  far  advanced  in  manufacture  to 
admit  of  the  change,  or  as  wonUl  not  seriously  delay  the  completion  of 
the  ships.  In  consequence  of  this,  much  of  the  side  arr.ior  of  the 
Maine,  Texas,  Indiana,  Oregon,  and  Puritan,  the  turret  armor  of  the 
]\Iaine,  Puritan,  and  Monadnoclx,  and  the  barbettes  for  the  Oregon  vvill 
be  of  Harveyized  nickel  steel.  All  the  armor  provided  for  under  the 
new  contracts  will  be  treated  by  the  Harvey  process. 

At  the  present  time  this  country  is  no  longer  alone  in  the  manufac- 
ture and  use  of  nickel  steel,  and  nickel-steel  Harveyized  armor,  its  initi- 
ative having  been  followed  by  many  foreign  powers.  Compound  armor 
has  been  abandoned  by  the  German  naval  authorities,  and  that  country 
will  hereafter  employ  nickel  steel,  and  it  is  believed  that  Krupp,  of 
Essen,  is  using  a  surface-hardening  process  similar  to  that  of  Harvey. 
Nickel-steel  Harvey  plates  have  been  very  successfully  tried  in  England 
and  Russia,  and  experiments  are  going  on  in  France  and  Italy  with  a 
view  to  having  its  manufacture  domesticated  in  those  countries.  The 
right  to  use  the  Harvey  process  has  been  secured  by  an  Austrian  firm, 
and  the  necessary  furnaces  are  now  being  installed  in  that  country. 
Nickel-steel  armor  has  been  steadily  growing  in  favor  in  England,  and 
a  syndicate,  including  the  principal  armor  firms  of  that  country,  has 
purchased  the  right  to  use  the  Harvey  process. 

ARMOR    CONTRACTS. 

Since  the  date  of  the  last  report  it  has  been  found  necessary  to  con- 
tract for  the  remaining  armor  required  for  all  the  vessels  now  author- 
ized by  law.     These  new  contracts  include  turret  armor  for  the  Indiana^ 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       417 

Massachnsetts,  and  Oljjmpia,  side  armor  for  tlie  MassacJnisetts,  and  tbe 
entire  lot  of  armor  for  tbe  loica  and  BrooUyn,  amounting  in  all  to 
G,4S0  tons.  The  facilities  for  tlie  manufacture  and  delivery  of  armor 
at  tbe  Carnegie  and  Betblebem  Works  have  been  so  vastly  improved 
during  tbis  year  tbat  tbe  diificulty  heretofore  experienced  in  the  deliv- 
ery of  armor  promptly  enough  to  keep  pace  with  the  building  of  ships 
has  been  entirely  obviated,  and  tbe  Department  has  every  reason  to 
believe  that  hereafter  these  two  firms  will  be  able  to  deliver  armor  as 
rapidlj^  as  the  shipbuilding  i)olicy  of  tbe  Government  may  demand. 

Provisions  in  new  contracts  made  in  March  last  operate  to  x)lace  the 
manufacturers  under  penalties  in  case  of  failure  to  deliver  at  the  rate 
of  250  tons  per  month.  At  the  present  time  it  is  clear  to  the  Depart- 
ment tbat  tbis  rate  will  be  exceeded.  It  is  due  to  this  rapid  in- 
crease in  the  rate  of  delivery  that  the  large  item  for  armor  and  arma- 
ment is  presented  to  Congress  in  the  estimates  of  this  year,  as  tbe 
money  will  be  needed  before  tbe  end  of  the  next  fiscal  year  to  pay  for 
material  actually  delivered. 

SUBMARINE  TORPEDO  BOAT. 

The  result  of  the  trial  of  the  Baker  submarine  boat  at  Chicago  in 
September,  1S92,  was  carefully  considered  by  the  Dei^artment  with  a 
view  to  a  i)ractical  develojiment  of  the  submarine  boat  for  war  service. 
The  advantages  of  a  submarine  boat  seemed  to  be  such  that  tbe 
Department  deemed  it  proper  to  bring  tbe  matter  to  the  attention  of 
Congress,  which  responded  by  authorizing  the  construction  of  a  sub- 
marine torpedo  boat.  The  Department  issued  i)roposals  on  May  1  of 
this  year  for  designs  for  such  a  boat,  and  for  proposals  for  building  the 
same.    The  bids  were  opened  on  June  20,  and  were  as  follows: 

1.  George  C.  Baker,  of  CLicago,  for  $150,000. 

2.  George  C.  Baker,  of  Chicago,  for  $130,000. 

3.  Johu  P.  Holland  ToriJedo  Boat  Company,  of  New  York,  for  $150,000. 

4.  Marcus  Rntlieuberg,  of  Philadelphia,  for  $175,000. 

5.  Covrles  Engineering  Company,  of  Brooklyn,  for  $120,000. 

All  the  designs  and  proposals  were  submitted  to  a  board  of  naval 
officers  for  examination  and  report.  While  the  matter  was  under  con- 
sideration tbe  board  witnessed  a  trial  of  the  boat  designed  by  Mr. 
Baker.  Subsequently  the  board  reported  that  of  all  the  designs  sub- 
mitted the  one  of  the  Holland  Torpedo  Boat  Comi^any  most  nearly  met 
the  requirements  w^hich  the  boat  is  to  fulfill,  and  recommended  the 
acceptance  of  the  proposal  of  that  company. 

The  Holland  design  of  a  submarine  boat  was  favorably  considered 
under  a  previous  advertisement  of  the  Department,  tbat  of  August  20, 
1888,  but  for  want  of  the  necessary  funds  tbe  Department  then  found 
itself  unable  to  accept  any  bids  for  such  a  boat,  and  therefore  rejected 
all  the  bids  received  at  that  time. 

Before  deciding  whether  to  accept  any  of  these  bids  I  am  having 
Ab.  93 27 


418       RERORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

careful  investigations  made  to  ascertain  what  would  be  the  effect  ui)on 
the  crew  of  a  su))merged  boat  of  the  detonation  of  a  Ligli  explosive 
under  water  and  near  by. 

VESUVIUS. 

As  tlie  Department  lias  alreadj?^  recommended  tliat  the  $450,000 
appropriated  by  the  act  of  March  2,  1889,  for  the  building  of  a  vessel 
similar  to  the  Vesuvius  may  be  made  available  for  the  construction  of 
three  torpedo  boats  of  about  the  same  size  and  general  design  of  the 
JEricsson,  I  deem  it  best  for  the  information  of  yourself  and  of  Congress 
to  give  a  resume  of  the  cu'cumstances  connected  with  the  building  and 
tests  of  the  Vesuvius. 

The  construction  of  this  vessel  was  authorized  under  an  act  of  Con- 
gress approved  August  3,  1886.  A  favorable  report  on  the  system, 
dated  December  1,  18SG,  having  been  made  by  the  board  known  as 
the  "  rneumatic  Dynamite  Gun  Board,"  a  contract,  dated  February 
11,  1887,  was  made  by  the  iSTavy  Department  with  the  Pneumatic 
Dynamite  Gun  Company  of  New  York  for  the  construction  of  said 
cruiser,  fully  equipped  and  armed  with  three  pneumatic  dynamite  guns, 
for  the  sum  of  8350,000.  The  vessel  was  built  by  Messrs.  Wm.  Cramx) 
&  Sons,  of  Philadelphia,  and  having  had  a  satisfactory  steam  trial 
and  undergone  a  satisfactory  inspection  of  the  hull  and  machinery,  the 
Department,  on  February  5,  1889,  appointed  a  board  of  naval  officers 
for  the  purpose  of  making  an  examination  of  the  vessel  and  of  wit- 
nessing and  reporting  upon  the  trial  of  her  armament. 

The  trial  took  place  on  October  9,  1889,  three  shots  being  fired  for 
range  and  fifteen  for  endurance. 

After  reporting  in  detail  as  to  the  trial  the  board  concluded  as  follows : 

No  attempt  was  made  to  secure  accuracy  of  practice,  the  trial  being  to  meet  tlie 
contract  requirements  as  to  rapidity  of  fire  and  to  tlie  capacity  of  the  system  ta 
maintain  tliat  rapidity  for  a  given  time.  For  this  reason  it  was  only  souglit  to  lose 
enough  air  at  each  shot  to  carry  a  standard  projectile  well  beyond  the  mile.  This 
was  done.  But  the  board  beiug  of  opinion  that  some  assurance  shoi;ld  be  had  that 
the  loss  of  air  pressure,  representing  as  it  does  the  energy  put  into  the  projectile, 
can  be  controlled  within  closer  limits,  calls  the  Department's  attention  to  this  point, 
the  gun  not  having  been  tested  in  this  respect. 

After  carefully  considering  the  report  of  this  board  the  Department 
ordered  a  second  trial,  which  took  place  on  March  13,  1890,  the  pro- 
jectiles used  being  of  subcaliber  containing  201:-i)ound  chaa^ges  of  gun 
cotton,  and  fitted  with  mechanical  fuzes,  delayed  action  being  obtained 
in  the  first  and  second  shots  by  time  trains  intended  to  burn  5.5  seconds 
and  1  second,  respectively,  and  the  third  shot  being  intended  to 
detonate  on  impact.  The  report  of  this  board,  dated  March  14,  1890, 
states  that  the  trial  showed  that  a  shell  containing  200  pounds  of  gun 
cotton  or  other  high  explosive  was  thrown  at  least  1  mile  by  each  of 
the  three  dj-namite  guns  constituting  the  vessel's  armament.  The 
vessel  was  accepted  by  the  Department  May  28,  1890. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       419 

The  infonnatiou  obtained  up  to  the  time  of  acceptance  regarding  the 
value  of  these  guns  for  naval  warfare  was  not  sufficient,  and  in  conse- 
quence thereof  a  third  trial  board  was  ordered  May  13,  1S91.  As  a 
result  of  this  trial  the  board  recommended  that  the  guns  be  carefully 
ranged  in  some  suitable  locality,  where  the  fall  of  tlie  projectiles  could 
be  accurately  determined  from  shore  stations  j  that  some  simple  and 
suitable  sight  be  fitted;  that  such  changes  be  made  in  the  mechanism 
for  loading  and  firing  the  guns  as  should  be  found  advisable,  and  that 
the  vessel  be  then  subjected  to  such  further  tests  as  would  fully 
determine  her  efficiency  as  a  torpedo  thrower. 

In  a  later  report  this  same  board  recommended  a  detailed  programme 
for  further  tests  and  advised  certain  changes  in  the  system,  which 
recommendations  were  approved  by  the  Department  on  June  17,  1891, 
and  the  Bureau  of  Ordnance  was  directed  to  make  the  necessary  prep- 
arations. These  having  been  completed  the  Department  in  January, 
1893,  appointed  a  fourth  board  for  the  purpose  of  making  a  further 
test  of  the  guns  of  the  vessel. 

After  maturely  considering  the  report  of  this  board  the  chief  of  the 
Bureau  of  Ordnance  referred  it  to  the  Department  with  the  following 
indorsemeut: 

Eacli  time  the  conclusiou  of  the  Board  has  beeu  more  or  less  favorahlo.  Each 
report,  however,  has  stated  that  the  accuracy  of  the  guns  leaves  much  to  be  desired. 
It  is  manifest  that  the  accuracy  of  a  gun  is  its  most  important  quality,  and  without 
a  satisfactory^  degree  of  accuracy  all  other  advantages  are  of  minor  importance. 

The  difficulty  in  the  pneumatic  guns  appears  to  center  in  the  main  valves  which 
admit  the  air  to  the  gun.  At  all  ranges  except  the  maximum  the  successful  work- 
ing of  the  gun  demands  that  this  valve  should  open  and  close  in  an  exceedingly 
short  time,  prohably  a  small  fraction  of  a  second.  The  difficulties  encountered  in 
accomplishing  this  have  not  been  overcome.  The  Department  has  already  expended 
$30,000  upon  experiments  with  these  guus  without  auy  decided  improvement. 

Without  entering  further,  at  this  time,  into  the  merits  of  the  system,  the  Bureau 
recommends  that  further  experiments  be  deferred  until  after  the  installation  at 
Sandy  Hook  of  the  15-inch  guns  now  in  course  of  construction  for  the  War  Depart- 
ment. 

In  these  guns  the  company  promises  to  overcome  the  difficulties  which  exist  in 
those  of  the  Vesuvius. 

It  is  just  possible  that  the  exi)eriments  with  the  15-inch  pneumatic 
guns  now  in  course  of  construction  for  the  War  Department  may  not 
give  such  results  as  to  convince  this  Department  of  the  value  of  the  guns 
of  the  Vesuvins  for  naval  i)urposes.  The  vessel  has  now  been  in  the 
possession  of  the  Government  for  three  and  one-half  years,  and  in  case 
experiments  with  i^ueumatic  guns  in  the  near  future  show  these  guns 
to  be  of  little  or  no  value  for  naval  i)urx30ses,  it  would  be  in  the  interest 
of  economy  to  transform  her  into  a  vessel  available  for  efficient  service 
with  as  little  delay  as  possible.  With  this  end  in  view,  I  recommend 
that  Congress  give  the  Department  conditional  authority  to  transform 
this  vessel  into  a  torpedo  cruiser.    The  displacement  of  the  vessel  is 


420       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  XAVY. 

sncli  that  with  lier  dynamite  guns  removed  a  sufficiently  powerful  bat- 
tery couUl  be  installed  to  make  her  a  formidable  antagonist  for  uuar- 
morcd  vessels. 

STABILITY   OF   CERTAIN   VESSELS. 

Before  sending  the  U.  S.  S.  Detroit  on  a  foreign  cruise,  the  Depart- 
ment, following  the  custom  of  the  service,  directed  that  the  vessel  be 
inclined  at  the  Norfolk  navy-yard  to  determine  its  meta  centric  height. 
The  day  after  the  vessel  put  to  sea,  on  her  way  to  Eio  de  Janeiro,  the 
Department  received  a  communication  from  the  superintending  con- 
structor at  the  Norfolk  navy-yard  forwarding  a  statement  in  regard 
to  the  inclining  exiieriments  on  this  vessel,  and  calling  the  attention 
of  the  Bureau  of  Construction  and  Eepair  to  the  fact  that  the  results  of 
these  experiments  showed  only  a  narrow  margin  of  initial  stability  under 
conditions  ordinarily  produced  in  service. 

The  vessel  was  then  at  sea  and  beyond  possibility  of  immediate  re- 
call, and  the  Department,  realizing  that  this  condition  of  stability  pre- 
sented a  question  of  grave  importance  for  its  consideration,  referred  it 
to  the  Board  on  Construction,  with  a  view  to  ascertaining  what  mean 
should  be  taken  to  increase  the  metacentric  height  of  the  Detroit,  and 
of  her  sister  ships  the  Montgomery  and  Marhlehcad,  in  order  to  give 
them  a  safe  margin  of  stability. 

The  Board  on  Construction,  after  giving  the  matter  its  careful  and 
thorough  attention,  reported  its  conclusions,  and  recommended  certain 
changes,  the  effects  of  which  wouhl  be  to  increase  the  metacentric 
height  of  these  vessels  about  40  per  cent. 

Shortly  afterwards,  on  the  final  trial  of  the  gunboat  Machias,  the 
fact  developed  that  this  vessel  also  had  but  a  narrow  margin  of  initial 
stability  in  conditions  ordinarily  i)roduced  in  service,  and  it  was  safe 
to  assume  that  her  sister  ship,  the  Castine,  was  in  no  better  condition. 

The  Department  did  not  believe  that  this  lack  of  initial  stability 
would  render  these  vessels  unseaworthy  or  dangerous  at  sea  under  the 
ordinary  conditions  of  peace  cruising,  and  this  belief  became  assnrance 
when  the  commanding  officer's  report  of  the  cruise  of  the  Detroit  from 
Fortress  IMonroe  to  St.  Thomas  came  to  hand.  This  report  stated  that 
the  vessel  had  encountered  a  very  heavy  gale,  one  of  the  two  that  so 
devastated  our  Southern  coasts  during  the  past  season.  The  vessel 
behaved  well,  rolled  easily,  but,  although  not  taking  in  any  heavy  seas, 
was  very  wet.  Her  commanding  officer  reported  that  at  no  time  did 
she  have  20  tons  of  water  on  her  spar  deck,  which  was  undoubtedly  due 
to  tbe  seamanlike  manner  in  which  the  ship  was  handled.  The  maxi- 
mum roll  officially  noted  during  the  gale  was  25  degrees  to  starboard  and 
20  degrees  to  port,  but  her  commanding  officer.  Commander  Browuson, 
believed  that  she  rolled  deeper  than  this  at  times  and  showed  a  certain 
amount  of  sluggishness  in  recovery.    However,  this  sluggishness  was 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       421 

to  be  expected  as  lier  meta  ceutric  heiglit  at  the  time  probably  did  not 
exceed  9  inclies. 

Tlie  Department  was  advised  that  changes  could  be  made  in  the  Detroit 
and  her  sister  A^essels  at  no  very  considerable  expense,  which  would  in- 
crease the  margin  of  stability  to  a  fair  limit  of  safety  for  the  vessels  under 
war  conditions,  which  differ  very  materially  from  those  of  peace  cruising. 
However,  the  subject  was  of  too  great  imxiortance  to  be  treated  hastily, 
and,  as  the  first  recommendations  for  changes  necessary  to  increase  this 
margin  of  stability  emanated  from  the  Board  on  Construction,  which 
board  had  previously  passed  on  all  changes  in  these  vessels  since  they 
were  originally  designed,  I  deemed  it  wise  on  reflection  to  refer  the  ques- 
tion to  a  second  board  of  experts.  This  board,  which  consisted  of  Com- 
modore John  G.  Walker,  as  senior  member,  and  of  Capt.  E.  O.  Matthews, 
Chief  Engineer  Edward  Farmer,  Naval  Constructor  F.  L.  Fernald, 
Chief  Engineer  H.  Main,  Naval  Constructor  F.  T.  Bowles,  and  Assist- 
ant Naval  Constructor  W.  L.  Capps,  as  members,  of  whom  the  last- 
named  only  was  on  duty  in  a  Bureau  of  the  Department,  assembled  at 
the  Navy  Department  on  November  3,  and  on  the  day  following  reported 
that  it  had  carefully  considered  all  the  information  submitted  by  the 
Department  and  its  Bureaus  in  regard  to  the  stability  of  the  Detroit, 
and  it  recommended  a  number  of  changes  in  this  vessel  and  the  addi- 
tion of  ballast  which  would  bring  her  metacentric  height  up  to  21 
inches,  and  also  reported  that  these  recommendations  applied  with 
equal  force  to  the  Montgomery  and  Marhlehead.  This  was  substan- 
tially the  finding  of  the  Board  on  Construction,  and  I  at  once  ordered 
the  changes  to  be  made. 

This  board  is  now  investigating  the  gun-boats  Macliias  and  Castine, 
and  it  is  believed,  from  preliminary  rex)orts  already  in  possession  of  the 
Department,  that  the  condition  of  these  vessels  will  require  changes 
to  be  made  in  them  of  a  character  similar  to  those  recommended  in 
the  case  of  the  Detroit. 

SHIPS  IN   COMMISSION. 

During  the  past  year  the  available  vessels  of  the  Navy  have  been 
almost  constantly  employed,  and  the  necessity  for  their  services  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  globe  has  been  so  continuous  that  the  Department 
has  felt  constrained  to  keep  vessels  in  commission  which  needed  exten- 
sive repairs  and  should  have  been  laid  up  for  that  puriDOse. 

The  need  of  ships  constantly  in  Asiatic  waters  is  universally  rec- 
ognized. That  they  are  absolutely  essential  also  in  Central  and  South 
American  waters  has  been  emphasized  during  the  present  administra- 
tion by  revolutionary  troubles,  all  imperiling  more  or  less  the  rights 
of  American  commerce  in  Peru,  Nicaragua  on  the  east  and  west  coasts, 
Honduras,  Guatamala,  Costa  Eica,  Argentina,  and  Brazil.  In  order 
to  even  imperfectly  patrol  the  Bering  Sea  during  the  past  season  it  was 


422       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

necessary  to  call  in  the  aid  of  a  vessel  of  tlie  Fish  Commission — the 
Albatross — and  of  three  vessels  of  the  Revenue  IMarine. 

At  the  date  of  the  last  rcDort  Admiral  Bancroft  Gherardi,  in  com- 
mand of  a  squadron  composed  oi  the  BaJtiniore,  San  Francisco,  Charles- 
ton, and  YorMoivn,  was  on  his  way  from  the  Pacific  to  Hampton  Roads 
to  take  part  in  the  naval  review.  Upon  his  arrival  he  was  placed  in 
command  of  the  naval  review  ileet. 

The  Xorth  Atlantic  sanadron,  under  the  command  of  Rear- Admiral 
John  G.  Walker,  and  the  squadron  under  Rear-Admiral  A.  E.  K.  Ben- 
ham,  during  the  period  of  the  naval  review  became  parts  of  the  naval 
review  tieet.  When  the  naval  review  fleet  was  disbanded,  May  31, 
1893,  Rear- Admiral  A.  E.  K.  Benham  was  ajipointed  commander  in 
chief  of  the  North  Atlantic  squadron,  with  the  following-  vessels  under 
his  command:  San  Francisco,  Miantonomoli,  Atlanta,  Kcarsarge,  and 
Vesuvius.  The  Atlanta  has  since  been  i)laced  out  of  commission,  and 
is  now  undergoing  repairs.  She  had  been  continuously  in  commission 
for  six  years. 

TheXewarlc,  flagship  of  Rear  Admiral  A.  E.  K.  Benham,  accompanied 
by  the  Bennington,  returned  to  the  United  States  from  Europe  in  time 
to  take  part  in  the  review,  convoying  the  two  caravels,  JVtJi«  and  Pin/a, 
to  Havana  en  route.  Tho.  Essex  has  returned  to  the  United  States  and 
has  since  been  overhauled  and  repaired  for  service  as  a  training  vessel. 
When  the  naval  review  fleet  was  disbanded  the  Chicago  and  Bennington 
were  ordered  to  tlie  Eurojiean  station  under  the  iiommaud  of  Acting 
Rear- Admiral  Henry  Erben. 

The  details  of  the  naval  review  fleet  will  be  treated  separately  in 
the  latter  part  of  this  report. 

Tlie  Yantic  was  the  only  vessel  on  the  South  Atlantic  station  for 
many  months.  The  NewarJc,  Charleston,  .and  Detroit,  are  now  in  Bra- 
zilian waters.  The  Charleston  will  remain  there  till  her  services  are  no 
longer  needed,  and  will  then  iiroceed  to  the  Pacific  station. 

Tlie  vessels  on  the  Pacific  station  at  the  present  time  are  the  P/i?7a- 
delphia  (flag-ship),  Yorlctoicn,  Mohican,  Adams,  Alliance,  Monterey,  and 
Ranger.  The  Boston  was  on  service  in  Hawaiian  waters  from  August, 
1892,  until  September  of  this  year,  when  she  was  iflaced  out  of  commis- 
sion at  the  Mare  Island  navy-yard  in  order  to  receive  necessary 
repau's.  The  operations  of  the  vessels  composing  the  Bering  Sea  fleet 
are  referred  to  elsewhere. 

The  vessels  on  the  Asiatic  station  are  the  Lancaster  (flagship),  the 
Marion,  Concord,  Monocacy,  and  Petrel.  The  Baltimore  is  now  on  her 
way  to  that  station,  where  she  will  relieve  the  Xawcas^er  as  flagship,  after 
wliich  the  latter-named  vessel  will  proceed  to  the  United  States. 
Aflairs  on  this  station  have  been  of  such  a  nature  during  the  past  year 
as  to  keep  the  vessels  there  moving  almost  continuously. 

The  Thetis  is  engaged  in  surveying  work  on  the  coast  of  Central 
America.     The  Pinta  has  continued   on   special  service  in  Alaskan 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       423 

waters,  and  the  M'wliUjan  on  the  Lakes.     The  traiiiiug  squadron  has 
made  tlic  usual  practice  cruises  during  the  year. 

It  is  the  present  intention  of  the  Department  to  bring-  up  the  force 
on  each  station  to  the  number  which  experience  has  proved  to  be  nec- 
essary for  the  proper,  efficient,  and  economical  protection  of  American 
interests,  by  the  addition  of  new  vessels  as  they  become  available. 

ISTAVAL   CO?<STEUCTION  ABROAD. 

The  policy  of  naval  construction  now  adopted  by  the  pri:jcipal  for- 
eign naval  powers  looks  to  the  building  of  battle  ships,  armored  coast- 
deteuse  vessels,  armored  cruisers,  torpedo  vessels,  and  torpedo  boats. 

The  average  displacement  of  the  largest  battle  ships  authorized  or 
now  in  process  of  construction  in  England,  France,  Eussia,  and  Italy, 
is  a  little  over  13,000  tons.  The  largest  of  these,  an  English  battle 
ship,  is  to  be  of  14,900  tons.  This  vessel  will  probably  mark  the  limit 
to  the  increase  in  size  of  battleships  which  has  been  steadily  going  on 
for  the  last  ten  years,  the  object  of  the  increase  having  been  to  produce 
in  one  vessel  all  the  elements  of  perfection  of  a  fighting  machine  nec- 
essary to  obtain  the  maxinuim  of  ofiensive  and  defensive  power  in  com- 
bination with  high  speed  and  a  large  radius  of  action. 

The  only  foreign  nations  building  coast-defense  vessels  are  France 
and  Eussia.  The  largest  they  are  building  of  this  class  are  to  be  of 
G,GOO  tons. 

The  latest  designs  of  armored  cruisers  show  a  great  increase  in  size, 
those  recently  authorized  in  England  being  designed  for  a  displace- 
ment of  14,000  tons,  and  a  sustained  sea-speed  of  20  knots.  The 
largest  armored  vessels  of  England,  France,  and  Eussia  are  to  average 
about  11,000  tons  displacement,  and  are  to  have  a  maximum  speed  of 
not  less  than  20  knots. 

The  torpedo  vessel,  or  torpedo  crui&er,  is  common  to  all  the  principal 
foreign  powers,  but  is  not  as  yet  found  in  our  I^favy.  That  great 
importance  is  attached  to  this  type  of  vessel  abroad  is  evidenced  by 
the  fact  that  England  is  at  present  building  a  number  aggregating 
7,780  tons;  France,  2,894  tons;  and  Italy,  4,230  tons.  The  value  of 
this  type  of  vessel  can  not  be  overestimated.  It  combines  in  a  great 
measure  the  offensive  qualities  of  the  torpedo  boat  with  the  cruising 
and  coast  guarding  qualities  of  the  gunboat,  having  an  advantage  over 
the  former  in  size  and  speed,  and  over  the  latter  in  the  ability  to  cover 
a  greater  length  of  coast  line  in  a  shorter  space  of  time.  The  average 
displacement  of  those  now  building  is  about  830  tons.  They  range  in 
speed  from  19  to  22  knots,  and  carry  an  armament  of  rapid-fire  guns 
and  torpedoes. 

Improvements  in  torpedo  boats  building  abroad  are  in  the  direction 
of  increased  size  and  speed.  One  hundred  and  ninety-seven  of  these 
vessels  are  now  either  authorized  or  under  construction  by  other  naval 
I>owers. 


424       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRJITARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

NAVAL  POLICY. 

lu  your  first  message  to  Congress,  December,  lcS85,  you  said: 
All  must  admit  tlie .importance  of  an  eftcctivc  navy  to  a  nation  like  ours,  having 
sufh  an  extended  seacoast  to  i)rotect.  And  yet,  we  have  not  a  single  vessel  of  war 
that  could  keep  the  seas  against  a  first-class  vessel  of  any  iuii>ortaut  power.  Such 
a  condition  ouglit  not  longer  to  continue.  The  nation  that  c;in  not  resist  aggression 
is  constantly  exposed  to  it.  Its  foreign  policy  is  of  necessitj'  weak,  and  its  negotia- 
tions are  conducted  with  disadvantage,  because  it  is  not  in  condition  to  enforce  the 
terms  dictated  by  its  sense  of  right  and  justice. 

We  have  not  eveu  yet  in  commission  a  "  single  vessel  of  war  tliat 
could  keep  tbe  seas  against  a  first-class  vessel  of  any  foreign  power/' 
altliougli  we  Lave  four  sucli  iu  process  of  construction.  "When  your 
message  was  written  the  United  States  had  building  three  modern 
unarmored  cruisers,  the  ChicagOj  Boston,  and  Atlanta,  and  one  dispatch 
boat,  the  Bolijliin.  But  there  was  no  establishment  iu  the  United  States 
that  could  turn  out  armor  for  modern  vessels,  and  not  one  that  could 
furnish  the  forgings  for  a  modern  gun  larger  than  6  inches  caliber. 
No  automobile  torpedoes  had  ever  been  manufactured  in  this  country'; 
no  modern  rapid-fire  guns,  and  not  a  giain  of  powder  for  a  high-power 
gun.  Your  distinguished  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  Mr.  Whitney,  follow- 
ing out  the  suggestions  of  your  message,  applied  himself  at  once  to  the 
task  of  laying  broad  and  deep  the  foundations  upon  which  the  con- 
struction of  a  modern  navy  has  progressed  steadily  and  methodically 
up  to  this  day.  It  was  not  his  purpose,  nor  has  it  at  any  time  been  tlie 
intention  of  Congress,  to  build  a  navy  equal  to  those  of  such  great  naval 
poAvers  as  France  and  England,  but  it  is  certainly  sound  policy  to  main- 
tain a  navy  at  least  as  efficient,  when  compared  with  others,  as  that 
Avhich  our  country  was  iu  possession  of  in  the  days  before  the  era  of 
modern  navies,  and  when  our  seaports  were  deemed  to  be,  as  they 
certainly  are  not  now,  amply  provided  with  fortifications  fully  up  to 
the  requirements  of  the  age.  Our  Navy  has  not  yet  come  up  to  that 
standard. 

Secretfiry  Whitney  was  thoroughly  aware  of  the  magnitude  of  the 
task  before  him.  Every  step  in  the  undertaking  was  carefully  consid- 
ered. Not  only  were  we  to  have  ships  and  guns,  but  they  Avere  to  be 
equal,  if  not  superior,  to  the  best  in  the  world.  Anything  short  of  this 
would  viclate  the  traditional  policy  of  our  Government  and  be  unwor- 
thy of  the  American  people.  The  ships  built,  the  armor  and  gun  forg- 
ings turned  out  under  the  ccmtracts  made  by  Mr.  Whitney,  the  great 
guns  assembled  at  the  magnificent  plant  he  established,  and  the  rapid- 
fire  guns  made  by  the  industry  he  domesticated  in  this  country,  all  tes- 
tify to  his  wisdom  and  foresight.  The  great  work  thus  begun  fortu- 
nately fell  afterwards  into  competent  hands,  and  Secretary  Tracy  car- 
ried it  forward  with  distinguished  ability. 

The  programme  which  has  been  steadily  followed  since  188G  has 
been  to  authorize  one  or  more  vessels  at  each  session  of  Congress.    At 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       425 

first  our  shipbuilders  were  without  experience,  and,  as  different  types 
of  vessels  are  needed  in  every  navy,  authorizations  gradually  pro- 
ceeded, as  common  prudence  dictated,  from  smaller  to  larger  vessels. 
The  second-class  battle  ships  Maine  and  the  Texas  were  the  largest 
vessels  laid  down  by  Secretary  Whitney.  They  are  efficient  armored 
vessels,  filling  a  nuich-needed  place  in  our  Kavy,  but  they  were  never 
intended  to  be  battle  ships  of  the  first  class.  We  have  now  building 
only  four  vessels  which  can  properly  be  denominated  first-class  battle 
ships.  The  cruisers  and  gunboats  we  have,  built  and  building,  con- 
stitute an  efficient  fleet,  and  will  prove  sufficient,  when  they  shall  all  be 
in  commission,  for  cruising  purposes  in  ordinary  times,  and  to  look  after 
our  commerce  abroad.  In  time  of  war  these  cruisers,  aided  by  the 
Paris,  theNeiv  ror7i,and  the  other  ships  beingbuiltby  Wm.  Cramp  &  Sons 
for  the  American  line,  which  constitute  practically  all  of  our  auxiliary 
navy  that  is  valuable,  would  be  of  great  use  as  commerce  destroyers. 

But  unarmored  cruisers  are  not,  properly  speaking,  fighting  vessels. 
They  can  destroy  merchant  ships,  they  can  fight  vessels  of  their  own 
class,  but  they  can  not  meet  armored  vessels  with  any  reasonable  hope 
of  success,  and  in  time  of  war,  scattered  abroad  over  the  high  seas  as 
they  would  be  if  we  sent  them  against  an  enemy's  commerce,  they 
would  leave  our  unfortified  seacoast,  with  all  its  cities,  absolutely  with- 
out reliance,  except  upon  our  four  first-class  and  two  second-class 
battle  ships,  seven  coast-defense  vessels,  and  two  little  torpedo  boats. 
These,  if  they  were  all  concentrated,  would  scarcely  be  able  to  create 
a  diversion  of  an  enemy's  fleet,  and  if  scattered  would  not  furnish  a 
battle  ship  or  even  a  torpedo  boat  for  the  defense  of  each  coast  city. 
If  we  carried  out  such  a  programme  during  a  war  an  enemy  with  a  fleet 
of  battle  ships  could  wreck  cities  while  we  were  robbing  schooners. 

The  military  value  of  a  commerce-destroying  fleet  is  easily  overrated. 
Cruisers  directed  against  an  enemy's  wealth  afloat  are  capable  of  doing- 
great  damage.  They  create  consternation  among  merchants  and  worry 
the  people  against  whose  property  they  are  directed,  but  unsupported 
by  ships  of  the  line  their  operations  are  perhaps  never  decisive  of  a  war. 
During  the  twenty  years  from  1792  to  1812,  the  period  covered  by  the 
French  Eevolution,  French  cruisers  and  privateers  captured  many  thou- 
sands of  British  vessels  and  cargoes,  but  these  captures  operated  more 
to  provoke  a  spirit  of  determined  hostility  among  the  British  people 
than  to  create  such  distress  or  alarm  as  would  iiut  an  end  to  hostilities. 
English  line-of-battle  ships,  instead  of  scattering  to  convoy  merchant 
vessels,  hunted  and  destroyed  the  French  vessels  of  war  at  the  battle 
of  the  Nile,  at  Cape  St.  Vincent,  and  at  Trafalgar.  In  the  meantime,  in 
spite  of  her  losses  of  merchant  ships  and  their  cargoes,  England  con- 
tinued to  grow  rich  by  her  commerce.  With  her  mighty  battle  ships 
she  cut  off  Napoleon's  communications  by  water.  With  her  wealth  she 
subsidized  his  enemies,  and  it  is  undoubtedly  true  that  the  two  great 
factors  in  the  downfall  of  the  great  conqueror  were  the  numerous  battle 


426       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

sliips  of  iSngiaud,  with  their  hardy  crews  of  Anglo-Saxons,  and  the 
enormous  wealth  of  the  greatest  sea  power  of  the  world. 

The  history  of  our  civil  war  furnishes  a  more  recent  and  familiar 
proof  of  my  statement.  The  cruises  of  the  Alabama  and  her  sister 
ships  were  uncommonly  successful.  Semmes  rivalled  the  exploits  of 
Jean  Bart  and  Du  Guay-Trouin.  History  will  rank  him  as  one  of  the 
most  famous  rovers  of  the  seas.  His  success  delighted  the-Cori feder- 
ates, but  it  did  not  heuefit  their  cause.  Many,  indeed,  were  the  com- 
plaints made  against  President  Lincoln  because  he  sent  so  few  ships 
to  search  for  the  Confederate  cruisers,  but  he  was  too  wise  to  listen  to 
the  clamor.  The  fleets  of  the  United  States  were  not  to  be  tlius 
diverted  from  their  purpose.  They  blockaded  the  ports  of  the  Con- 
federacy, they  penetrated  its  rivers,  cut  off"  its  interior  conununications, 
and  thus  it  was  that  the  ISTavy  rendered  services  to  the  cause  of  the 
Union  which  the  public  has  never  yet  fully  appreciated.  In  the  mean- 
time, in  sxDite  of  depredations,  American  commerce  flourished.  Mer- 
chants insured  against  war  risks,  and  individual  losses  were  borne  by 
communities.  Commerce  destroying  was  iiTitating,  but  it  decided 
nothing.  It  would  have  been  ineffectual  even  if  the  Confederates  had 
possessed  ten  times  as  many  cruisers,  unsupx)orted  as  they  were  by 
Ihie-of-battle  ships. 

If  our  Government  in  the  future  is  to  have  naval  strength  enough  to 
command  the  peace  and  be  in  condition  to  "enforce  the  terms  dictated 
by  its  sense  of  right  and  justice''  it  must  have  more  battle  ships,  and 
must  build  a  reasonable  number  of  torpedo  boats. 

For  the  defense  of  ports,  torpedo  boats  are  perhaps  more  effective 
according  to  cost  than  any  other  class  of  vessels.  The  knowledge  of 
their  existence  alone  will  make  an  enemy  chary  about  apju-oaching 
Avithin  bombarding  distance.  The  value  of  this  boat  is  recognized  by 
all  naval  powers,  and  they  are  being  built  abroad  in  great  numbers. 
Their  usefulness  was  emphasized  last  summer  during  the  English  naval 
manceuvers  under  war  conditions  where  service  torpedoes  with  collapsi- 
ble heads  were  used.  In  these  manceuvers  one  of  the  contending  squad- 
rons was  without  tliese  boats,  but  was  furnished  with  battle  ships  and 
a  number  of  fast  cruisers  and  gun  vessels;  the  other  had  twenty-four 
torpedo  boats  stationed  at  six  of  the  ]}orts  to  be  defended. 

During  the  progress  of  the  manoeuvers  (seven  days)  frequent  attacks 
were  made  by  these  boats  in  groups,  and  the  official  decisions  of  the 
umjures  recognized  that  they  had  destroyed  one  battle  shij)  and  six 
cruisers.  Tbe  vessels  decided  to  have  been  destroyed  were  actually 
struck  by  torpedoes  with  dummy  heads  and  no  other  claims  were 
allowed.  During  this  period,  eighteen  torpedo  boats  were  deemed  to 
have  been  destroyed  by  tbe  enemy.  A  rough  calculation  of  the  differ- 
ence in  expenditure  will  give  the  value  of  the  battle  ship,  which  car- 
ried 400  men,  as  83,7o0,000,  and  of  the  six  cruisers,  which  carried  1,050 
men,  as  $0,000,000,  an  agregate  of  2,050  men  and  a  total  value  of 
$9,750,000,   while  the  value  of  eighteen    torpedo  boats  was  about 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       427 

$1,800,000,  and  their  crews  aggregated  350  men,  the  difference  in  losses 
being,  in  money,  $7,950,,00l>,  and  in  mea,  1,G90.  Torpedo  boats,  how- 
ever, can  not  be  relied  upon  alone.  They  must  be  accompanied  by 
battle  ships,  as  the  enemy  will  be  certain  to  come  with  battle  ships  and 
torpedo  boats  also. 

No  one  can  value  economy  more  highly  than  I  do,  aud  its  practice  is 
certainly  necessary  at  this  time  Avhen  the  Government  expenditures 
are  likely  to  be  more  than  its  receipts,  but  the  safety  of  the  country,  its 
honor,  and  its  dignity  must  rise  above  every  other  consideration,  and 
it  is  respectfully  submitted  that  the  programme  of  authorizing  the 
building  of  at  least  some  vessels  at  each  session  of  Congress  ought  not 
to  be  interrupted  now.  I  recommend  that  the  construction  of  at  least 
one  battle  ship  and  six  torpedo  boats  be  authorized  by  Congress  at  the 
coming  session. 

The  authorization  of  these  vessels  would  require  the  expenditure  of 
very  little  money  during  the  coming  fiscal  year.  First-class  torpedo 
boats  can  now  be  built  for  §120,001)  each,  and  not  more  than  8300,000 
of  their  cost,  estimating  the  total  at  6720,000,  would  be  expended 
within  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893.  So  much  time  is 
required  to  perfect  the  plans  of  a  battle  ship,  put  it  under  contract,  and 
provide  the  material,  that  not  more  than  one-tenth  of  the  cost  of  such 
a  vessel,  if  it  should  be  authorized,  would  need  to  be  appropriated 
during  the  coming  session  of  Congress.  Every  vessel  now  authorized 
may  be  expected  to  be  in  commission  by  the  first  day  of  July,  189G,  so 
that  unless  other  ships  be  provided  for  now  we  shall  at  that  date  not 
have  a  single  ship  in  process  of  construction.  The  question  is  there- 
fore i)resented  whether  on  account  of  the  present  condition  of  the 
Treasury  the  ijrogramme  of  building  a  moderate  sized  navy  shall  be 
absolutely  arrested.  It  is  not  believed  that  the  American  people, 
inteiit  as  they  are  on  enforcing  ecoiiomy  in  Government  expenditures, 
are  willin  g  that  this  great  work  should  be  stopped  short  at  this  time.  It 
maybe  well,  considering  financial  conditions,  to  make  only  a  moderate 
provision  for  new  ships,  but  it  would  be  much  regretted  if  Congress 
should,  by  making  none  whatever,  indicate  an  intention  to  abandon 
entirely  the  work  of  constructing  the  new  Navy  at  a  time  when  all  the 
plants  are  in  operation  throughout  the  country,  ready  to  build  in  bet- 
ter style  and  at  more  economical  rates  than  ever  before. 

That  Government  expenditures  have  exceeded  all  reasonable  bounds 
can  not  be  charged  to  the  new  Navy.  Discussing  this  question  in  a 
report  wiiich  I  had  the  honor  to  make  to  the  House  of  Representatives 
on  the  13th  February,  1893,  and  referring  to  what  is  sometimes  called 
the  golden  era  of  economy,  I  said : 

lu  1860  the  total  expenditures  for  all  purposes  by  tlie  United  States  Government, 
excluding  pensions  and  interest,  were  $81,353,155.78.  The  average  annual  expendi- 
tures for  the  Navy  for  the  years  1858,  1859,  and  1860  were  $12,939,126,  equivalent  to 
15  per  cent  of  the  total.  Exeludiug  pensions  and  interest  upon  the  public  debt,  the 
expenses  of  the  Navy  for  the  past  eight  years,  -while  vre  have  been  reconstructing  it 
upon  a  modern  basis,  will  not  amount  to  more  than  5  per  cent  of  the  total.     Cer- 


428       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

taiuly  this  would  seem  to  indicate  that  -wliatevor  extravagance  may  exist  it  is  not 
chargeahle  to  the  Navy. 

Aiiotlier  view  of  the  comparative  cost  of  our  Navy  in  tlic  days  preceding  the  civil 
Avar  and  now  may  be  gathered  from  the  following: 

The  annual  average  appropriations  for  the  Navy  of  the  United  States  for  the  five 
years  preceding  and  including  1860  were  $12,873,804.98.  The  census  of  1860  gave 
the  population  as  31,-140,000,  which  would  give  an  expenditure  of  over  40  cents  per 
capita.  This  was  the  era  of  wooden  ships,  cast-metal  guns,  and  cast-iron  projec- 
tiles. 

The  average  annual  ajipropriatious  during  the  ten  years  within  which  we  have 
been  building  a  modern  navy  of  steel  ships,  armed  with  wrought-stecl  guns,  has 
been  $21,408,653.96.  Counting  our  present  population  at  67,000,000,  gives  an  average 
of  less  than  32  cents  per  capita. 

A  more  correct  idea  of  the  propriety  of  the  present  expenditures  for  the  Navy  may 
be  gained,  however,  by  reminding  the  House  that  the  annual  aAerage  expenditures 
for  the  Army  are  greater  than  those  for  the  Navy. 

The  Indian  troubles  are  almost  over,  and  volunteer  armies  could  be  raised,  as  our 
civil  war  demonstrated,  that  Avould  defend  us  against  any  enemy  whatever;  bnt  all 
the  inhabitants  of  the  United  States,  assembled  at  any  point  of  our  seacoast  where 
there  were  no  fortifications,  Avould  be  unable  without  ships  to  defend  it  against  an 
attack  from  the  sea. 

The  increase  of  our  population,  and  tUe  expansion  of  our  trade  under 
more  favorable  commercial  regulations  than  at  present,  which  may  be 
expected  to  result  from  future  legislation,  are  certain  to  beget  Ameri- 
can interests  which  will. look  to  naval  protection  in  all  parts  of  the 
world.  The  regulation  of  the  seal  fisheries  and  the  frictions  wliich,  even 
under  the  best  regulations,  are  likely  to  exist  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Bering  Sea;  the  great  naval  establishment  maintained  by  Great 
Britain  at  the  entrance  of  Puget  Sound;  our  close  interests  with  China 
and  Japan,  increased  every  day  by  powerful  lines  of  fast  steamships; 
our  geographical  and  political  relations  with  the  islands  of  the  Pacific; 
our  multifttrious  interests  along  the  whole  South  and  Central  Amer- 
ican coasts,  now  more  or  less  in  a  state  of  political  unrest,  would 
be  sufficient  to  tax  nearly  all  of  our  present  naval  strength  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean  alone.  Indeed,  the  continent  to  the  south  of  us,  and 
both  oceans,  as  I  have  said  before,  now  demand  the  presence  of  Ameri- 
can ships  of  war  to  a  greater  extent  than  ever  before,  and  this  demand 
is  not,  in  my  judgment,  a  temporary  one,  but  one  that  will  steadily 
increase. 

We  cannot  but  have  most  intimate  relations,  in  every  phase  of  na- 
tional existence,  with  the  great  governments  of  the  Old  World,  whose 
subjects  are  now  in  phenomenal  numbers  becoming  citizens  of  our 
country.  As  we  receive  these  we  assume  the  responsibility  of  protect- 
ing them,  in  many  cases  against  their  former  governments.  With  the 
growth  of  our  population  and  our  wonderful  development,  it  is  beyond 
doubt  tlmt  the  energies  of  our  peo^jle  will  be  more  and  more  directed 
to  foreign  trade  and  to  the  extension  of  our  interests  in  all  directions, 
while  the  increasing  immigration  of  subjects  of  foreign  powers  in  both 
Europe  and  the  Orient  is  all  the  time  complicating  our  relations  towards 
other  governments.  It  seems  certain,  therefore,  that  the  future  is  to 
bring  with  it  an  increase  of  international  questions,  to  a  settleinent  of 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       429 

which,  in  a  uianner  which  will  be  at  ouce  peaceful  and  honorable,  naval 
strength  will  be  absolutely  essential.  We  must  make  and  keep  our 
Navy  in  such  a  condition  of  efficiency  as  to  give  weight  and  power  to 
whatever  policy  it  may  be  thought  wise  on  the  part  of  our  Government 
to  assume.  The  N'avy  is  to  maintain  an  honorable  i)eace,  beg'otten  by 
an  assured  strength  to  i)rotect  rights,  enforce  just  claims,  beget  secur- 
ity against  foreign  aggression,  and  compel  resi^ect  for  any  policy  of 
our  people  which  may  affect  foreign  nations. 

With  the  increase  of  ships  herein  outlined,  our  Navy  will  still  be  one 
for  defense  rather  than  offense.  We  would,  however,  with  this  policy 
enforced,  have  our  ports  adequately  protected  and  at  the  same  time 
have  sufficient  power  on  the  high  seas  and  in  foreign  ports  to  maintain 
the  rights  and  interests  of  our  people,  and  to  uphold  the  honor  and 
dignity  of  our  flag  among  the  nations  of  the  earth,  without  unduly 
burdening  our  people  or  entering  into  any  rivalry  with  those  great 
navies  maintained  by  nations  who  believe  their  existence  depends  on 
their  naval  strength. 

I  feel  sure  that  this  policy  will  have  the  full  and  hearty  approval  of 
the  large  majority  of  our  jjeople. 

PERSONNEL. 

I  cannot  too  strongly  recommend  Congressional  action  in  reference 
to  the  i^ersonnel  of  the  line  of  the  Navy.  Its  present  condition  is  too 
serious  to  be  neglected  any  longer,  and  unless  remedies  are  adopted 
looking  to  some  system  of  promotion  which  will  produce  a  regular  flow 
from  the  bottom  to  the  top  of  the  list,  the  consequences,  not  only  to 
the  service  but  also  to  the  Government,  will  soon  be  nothing  less  than 
alarming. 

The  object  of  any  scheme  of  i^romotion  in  the  Navy  should  be  to  pro- 
duce efficient  commanding  officers,  the  accomx)lishment  of  which  neces- 
sitates that  officers  of  the  line  be  made  to  bear  the  responsibilities  of 
actual  command  by  or  before  the  time  they  have  reached  the  prime  of 
life;  while  they  are  still  young  enough  to  accommodate  themselves  to 
the  demands  upon  intellect  and  energy  which  are  made  by  the  assump- 
tion of  control  of  a  modern  man-of-war. 

A  clear  understanding  of  the  necessity  for  immediate  action  in  this 
matter  can  only  be  gained  by  a  statement  of  the  principal  causes  here- 
tofore existing  which  have  led  to  the  x)i'esent  stagnation  in  i)romotion, 
which  statement  will  also  show  that  neither  the  evils  themselves  nor 
the  necessity  for  removing  them  are  oi^en  to  dispute.  The  i)rincipal 
causes  which  have  led  to  the  present  condition  of  affairs  are,  briefly 
stated,  as  follows : 

First,  in  1855  Congress  authorized  a  scrutiny  of  the  active  list  which 
resulted  in  the  removal  of  a  large  number  of  officers,  the  vacancies  thus 
created  being  filled  from  the  passed-midshipmen  of  the  Navy.  The  im- 
mediate eflect  of  this  was  the  reduction  of  the  number  of  officers  below 
the  grade  of  lieutenant  from  258  in  1854  to  78  in  1857.     This  number 


430 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


liad  only  increased  to  91  when  tlie  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  occurred, 
an  event  wliicli  caused  a  great  number  of  resignations  from  all  grades 
of  the  Navy,  creating  at  once  many  vacancies  all  through  the  line,  to 
fill  Avhich  tliere  existed  only  the  small  number  of  junior  officers  men- 
tioned above.  The  resulting  embarrassment  of  the  Department  for 
officers  in  the  junior  grades  forced  the  Government  to  supply  its  wants 
from  the  merchant  service. 

To  this  lack  of  officers  in  a  time  of  sudden  need  was  due  the  unfor- 
tunate policy  which  i)revailed  from  ISGO  to  18G7,  inclusive,  and  which 
has  contributed,  more  than  any  other  cause,  to  the  present  stagnation 
in  promotion.  During  most  of  this  i^criod  the  numbers  in  the  classes 
under  instruction  at  the  Naval  Academy  were  kept  at  the  highest  pos- 
sible limit,  the  cadets  being  i:)ressed  to  graduation  in  large  numbers  and 
with  the  utmost  raijidity.  On  the  1st  of  January,  18G5,  there  were  480 
midshipmen  in  the  service,  all  of  whom  had  entered  since  the  war 
began.  In  January,  1866,  there  were  in  the  Academy  147  midshiiDmen 
in  the  fourth  or  lowest  class  alone,  ilidshipmen  were  graduated  during 
the  years  lSGG-'G7-'68  at  an  average  rate  of  about  78  per  year.  In  1SG2 
the  demands  of  the  war,  and  in  18GG  a  necessary  reorganization,  had 
each  contributed  to  so  increase  the  numbers  as  to  make  promotions  to 
the  grade  of  lieutenant  very  rapid,  but  only  for  a  few  years  to  follow. 
The  senior  16  midshiimieii  of  the  78  who  were  graduated  in  1868  became 
lieutenants  in  1872,  at  an  average  age  of  24.  The  12  seniors  of  this 
class  have  been  promoted  to  lieutenant-commanders  since  the  beginning 
of  this  year  at  an  average  age  of  45,  and  after  having  served  twenty- 
one  years  in  the  grade  of  lieutenant. 

At  the  same  time  that  this  disproportioiiate  number  of  graduates 
entered  the  active  service  the  number  dating  from  1860  and  1861  was 
further  increased  by  the  admission  of  many  officers  from  the  volunteer 
Navy,  whose  ability  and  services  had  entitled  them  to  such  recognition 
on  the  part  of  the  Government. 

Second.  The  effect  of  an  act  passed  in  1870  which  largely  increased 
the  numbers  in  the  lower  grades  of  the  Line. 

Third.  The  effect  of  an  act  passed  in  August,  1882,  which  largely 
decreased  the  nunjbers  in  the  higher  grades  of  the  Line. 

The  present  result  of  the  combined  causes  mentioned  above  is  shown 
in  the  following  table,  Avhich  gives  tlic  average  ages  at  wliich  officers 
of  the  line  now  reach  the  several  grades : 


Grade. 


Ecar- Admiral  

Commodore 

Captain 

Commander 

Lieutenant  commander 

Lieutenant 

Junior  lieutenant 


Age. 

61 
53 
GO 
48 
46 
.".G 
l!3 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       431 

I  liave  cudeavored  to  impress  you  with  my  deliberate  conviction  that 
this  most  important  branch  of  the  public  service,  which  may  properly 
be  te.-med  the  right  arm  of  the  Eepublic  for  external  defense,  now  suf- 
fers from  two  great  evils,  viz : 

First,  a  large  proportion  of  the  officers  of  the  line  of  the  Xavy,  at  a 
time  when  mind  and  body  ought  to  be  at  the  best,  are  serving  in  the 
lower  ranks  without  command  and  the  habit  it  begets. 

Second,  bo  method  now  exists  whereby  the  Government  can  get  the 
very  flower  of  its  personnel  into  those  positions  where  they  can  be  of 
the  greatest  service  to  the  country,  in  consequence  of  which  a  dull 
mechanical  movement  takes  the  place  of  healthy  iirogression  lud  by 
merit  and  fitness. 

I  am  engaged  in  the  preparation  of  a  plan  for  the  reorganization  of 
the  line  of  the  ^nvj  which  1  think  will  meet  the  requirements  of  the 
service,  and  I  shall  have  the  honor  to  present  it  to  the  Committees  on 
Naval  Affairs,  and  also  to  the  Joint  Committee  to  investigate  and  con- 
sider the  subject  of  the  rank,  pay  and  other  matters  relating  to  the 
personnel  of  the  Navy  proposed  in  the  con  current  resokrtion  introduced 
by  the  Hon.  Mr.  Meyer,' in  case  said  concurrent  resolution  becomes  a 
law. 

Before  concluding  these  remarks  on  the  personnel,  it  gives  me 
pleasure  to  express  the  high  opinion  I  have  formed  of  the  abilit}^  and 
efliciency  of  all  the  corps  of  the  Navy. 

During  the  short  time  that  I  have  occupied  this  office,  the  whole 
strength  of  the  service  has  been  most  actively  engaged,  both  at  home 
and  abroad,  on  various  duties  calling  for  dispatch,  fidelity,  and  judg- 
ment. I  am  glad  to  say  that,  taken  as  a  whole,  I  can  not  do  otherwise 
than  commend  the  promptness  and  ability  with  which  these  duties  have 
been  performed.  I  think  it  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that,  with  the  reform 
herein  shown  to  be  necessary,  the  Navy  of  the  United  States  will  have 
no  superior  in  its  personnel,  and  that  its  professional  proficiency  and 
abilitj^  to  build,  arm,  equip,  provision,  and  handle  modern  ships  of  war 
will  increase  with  every  year  and  will  keep  its  officers  in  the  vanguard 
of  military  and  naval  progress. 

ENLISTED  ]\IEN. 

The  present  condition  of  affairs  abroad  makes  it  imperatively  neces- 
sary that  the  new  vessels  should  be  sent  to  duty  on  foreign  stations  as 
rapidly  as  they  become  available,  but  the  Department  finding  that  the 
present  number  of  enlisted  men  and  boys  in  the  service  is  insufficient 
for  this  purpose,  I  have  the  honor  to  recommend  that  this  force  be 
increased  by  2,000  men. 

In  order  to  enable  the  enlisted  men  of  the  Navy  to  become  citizens 
of  the  United  States,  as  is  most  desirable,  without  forfeiting  their  contin- 
uous service  in  the  Navy,  it  is  recommended  that  the  privilege  granted 
to  enlisted  men  of  the  Army  by  section  21G0  of  the  Eevised  Statutes  be 
also  granted  to  the  enlisted  men  of  the  Navy. 


432  REPOKT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    NAVY. 

OPERATIONS  IN   BERING   SEA. 

On  tlie  21st  of  April,  1893,  the  Department  designated  Commander 
Nicoll  Ludlow,  IT.  S.  ISTavy,  to  take  command  of  a  squadron  of  vessels 
to  cruise  in  and  about  Bering  Sea,  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  out  the 
provisions  of  the  convention  between  the  United  States  and  Great 
Britain,  dated  April  18,  1892,  for  a  modus  vivendi  in  reference  to  the 
taking  of  seals.  The  squadron  consisted  of  the  Mohican  and  Ranger, 
temporarily  transferred  from  the  Pacific  Station;  the  Petrel,  tempo- 
rarily transferred  from  the  Asiatic  Station ;  the  Fish  Commission  steamer 
Albatross,  temporarily  transferred  from  the  U.  S.  Fish  Commission  by 
order  of  the  President;  and  the  revenue  cutters  Rush,  Coricin,  and 
Bear,  which,  by  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  were 
placed  under  the  orders  of  the  naval  officer  in  general  command. 

The  squadron  assembled  at  Port  Townsend,  from  winch  place  the 
Bear  and  Rush  sailed  on  the  2Gth  of  May,  the  Coricin  the  27th,  the 
Albatross  the  28th,  the  Ranger  the  29th,  and  the  Mohican  the  31st,  for 
a  cruise  in  the  waters  in  and  about  Bering  Sea.  The  orders  to  the  com- 
mandiug  officers  of  these  vessels  directed  them  to  warn  all  American 
and  British  vessels  found  outside  of  Bering  Sea  not  to  enter  its  prohib- 
ited waters  for  the  i)urpose  of  sealing,  and  to  seize  all  vessels  found  to 
be  or  to  have  been  employed  in  sealing  within  said  waters,  whether  with 
or  without  warning,  and  all  vessels  found  therein,  whether  warned  or 
not,  having  on  board  imiilements  for  taking  seals,  sealskins,  or  bodies 
of  seals. 

The  commanding  officers  of  all  vessels  were  directed  to  take  careful 
soundings  and  to  gather  such  hydrographic  information  as  might  be  of 
use  for  correcting  the  imperfect  charts  of  Bering  Sea.  They  Avere 
further  directed  to  collect  as  much  information  as  it  was  practicable 
for  them  to  obtain  upon  the  habits  and  customs  of  the  seals  Avithout 
killing  them. 

Tlie  provisions  in  the  Revised  Statutes  as  to  seizures  were  closely 
followed. 

By  June  13  the  Mohican  had  boarded  and  warned  six  American  ves- 
sels, and  one  British,  and  the  Rush  twelve  American  and  six  British.  By 
June  24  the  Albatross  had  boarded  and  warned  seven  American  and 
fourteen  British.  By  June  25  the  Ranger  had  boarded  and  warned 
nine  American  vessels  and  five  British.  H.  B.  M.'s  ships  Garnet  and 
Nymphe,  cooi^erating  with  the  United  States  force  in  carrying  out  the 
provisions  of  the  modus  vivendi,  reported  on  June  25,  having  boarded 
and  warned  seven  American  vessels  and  ten  British.  The  American 
schooners  St.  Paul  and  Alexander  were  seized  on  the  2d  of  July  for 
violation  of  section  19G5  of  the  Revised  Statutes. 

On  the  Gth  of  July  a  large  quantity  of  liquor  was  seized  from  the 
bark  Horatio,  which  was  on  board  in  violation  of  section  1955  of  the 
Revised  Statutes. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       433 

On  the  7tli  of  July  tlie  American  scliooner  C.  G.  White  was  seized 
for  violation  of  section  28G7  of  the  Eevised  Statutes  of  the  United 
States,  the  entry  in  her  logbook  showing  that  she  had  transferred  215 
seal  skins  to  the  schooner  Czarina. 

By  July  8  all  American  sealers  known  to  be  in  the  Pacific  had  been 
boarded  and  warned.  Of  the  other  sealers  all  had  been  boarded  and 
warned,  with  the  possible  exception  of  three  British  schooners,  which 
it  was  thought  had  returned  to  Victoria. 

On  the  28th  of  August  the  Bush  was  detached  from  the  squadron  at 
Unalaska  and  ordered  to  proceed  to  San  Francisco.  On  September 
22  the  Petrel  was  ordered  to  Sitka,  and  to  proceed  thence  to  the  Asiatic 
station.  On  the  same  date  the  Cor  win  was  detached  from  the  squad- 
ron at  Unalaska  and  ordered  to  proceed  to  San  Francisco.  The  Mohi- 
can sailed  from  Unalaska  for  Sitka  on  the  23d  of  September,  the  sealing 
season  being  over. 

The  Albatross  returned  to  San  Francisco  on  September  30,  and  the 
Ra  nger  October-3.  The  latter  vessel  took  eleven  destitute  citizens  from 
Unalaska  to  San  Francisco. 

The  squadron  was  judiciously  distributed  by  its  commanding  officer 
in  Bering  Sea,  and  it  continued  active  cruising  within  the  prohibited 
waters  during  the  entire  season. 

The  Department  takes  pleasure  in  recognizing  the  valuable  services 
rendered  by  the  revenue  cutters. 

The  operations  of  this  squadron,  under  the  command  of  Commander 
Nicoll  Ludlow,  reflect  great  credit  upon  that  officer. 

NAVAL   MILITIA. 

It  is  gratifying  to  the  Department  to  be  able  to  state  that  iniblic 
interest  in  the  naval  militia  is  gradually  and  steadily  increasing.  At 
the  date  of  the  last  annual  rei)ort  the  number  of  men  certified  as  mus- 
tered in  and  serving  in  the  naval  militia  of  seven  states  was  1,794. 
During  the  present  year  organizations  have  been  authorized  by  the 
legislatures  of  Pennsylvania  and  Illinois,  and  the  number  of  officers 
and  men  mustered  in  and  serving  at  the  present  time  is  as  follows: 

Massachusetts 589 

Rliode  Island 119 

New  York 410 

Penusylvauia 150 

Maryland , 130 

North  Carolina 262 

South  Carolma 204 

California 301 

Illinois 211 

Total 2,376 

The  legislatures  of  two  other  states,  Michigan  and  Connecticut,  have 
also  passed  laws  authorizing  the  formation  of  naval  militia  battalions, 
Ab.  93 28 


434   '    REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

but  as  yet  no  officers  or  men  have  been  nnistered  in  thereunder.  The 
organization  of  the  naval  militia  was  an  experiment  of  which  many- 
doubted  the  success.  But  tlie  high  character  of  the  young  men  who 
have  enlisted  iu  the  movement  and  the  zeal  and  patriotic  ardor  with 
Avhich  they  have  so  far  i)erformed  the  duties  upon  which  they  have 
entered  are  certainly  enough  to  inspire  the  hope  that  the  naval  militia 
will  prove  to  be  of  value  to  the  country. 

l^]arly  in  this  administratiou  the  Assistant  Secretary,  who  has  this 
matter  in  charge,  and  whose  invaluable  assistance,  not  only  in  the 
nuiny  matters  entrusted  especially  to  him  but  also  as  a  counselor  iu 
olliers,  1  am  pleased  to  acknowledge,  decided  ujion  a  definite  policy  in 
regard  to  the  practical  instruction  of  the  naval  militia,  in  pursuance  of 
which  letters  were  written  to  the  governors  of  the  various  states  in 
whic'li  there  existed  legally  organized  naval  militia  forces,  offering  on 
the  part  of  the  Department  to  aftbrd  each  of  these  organizations  an 
opportunity  to  make  a  cruise  of  from  four  to  seven  days  on  board  a  war 
vessel  for  the  purpose  of  drill  and  target  practice.  In  accordance  with 
this  intention  the  Department  directed  Eear-Admiral  A.  E.  K,  Benham, 
U.  S.  ]!^Javy,  commanding  the  United  States  naval  forces  oij  the  Xorth 
Atlantic  station,  to  authorize  drills  and  instruction  on  vessels  of  his 
command. 

In  the  Department's  instructions  to  Admiral  Benham  were  included 
the  following  extracts : 

Diiruig  tlie  four  days  *  *  *  you  will  get  the  sliips  under  way  and  proceed  to 
sea  at  sucli  times  aud  for  such  i>eriods  of  time  as  may  seem  best  to  you  to  carry  out 
the  object  of  this  cruise — the  instruction  of  the  naval  militia. 

The  Department  desires  that  all  the  time  possible  be  devoted  to  drills  and  instruc- 
tion underway,  in  addition  to  siich  target  practice  as  you  may  think  necessary,  and 
directs  that  there  be  no  landing  or  harbor  drills  of  any  kind  except  such  as  may  be 
classed  under  the  customary  and  ordinary  use  of  the  ship's  boats. 

The  Department  requests,  from  such  officers  as  you  may  detail  to  make  them,  reports 
on  the  efficiency  of  the  militia,  both  officers  and  men,  the  reports,  generally  speak- 
ing, to  cover  the  subjects  of  their  professional  knowledge,  organization,  discijiliiie, 
drill,  uniform,  efficiency  as  seamen,  firemen,  or  ship's  artificers,  the  completeness  of 
their  organization  as  a  ship's  company,  and  the  readiness  and  availability  of  the 
force  as  a  whole  to  completely  man  a  ship  of  war  should  it  bo  called  upon  to  do  so. 

The  men  are  to  perform  all  the  duties  of  their  rates  as  far  as  practicable,  and, 
whenever  possible,  are  to  be  drilled  by  their  own  officers,  though  always  under  the 
supervision  of  the  regular  officers  of  the  ships. 

There  was  a  general  disj)Osition  on  the  part  of  our  volunteer  sailors 
to  accept  this  ofier  of  the  Departlnent,  and  drills  and  instructiou  were 
had  on  board  naval  vessels  as  follows : 

Two  hundred  and  forty-one  officers  and  men  of  the  Massachusetts 
naval  militia  were  embarked  on  the  San  Francisco  and  Miantonomoli. 
They  took  the  places  and  performed  the  duties  of  an  equal  number  of 
the  regular  crews,  which  were  temporarily  transferred  to  the  receiving 
shij)  at  Boston,  Mass. 

Sixty  officers  and  men  of  the  Bristol  division  of  the  Ehode  Island 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       435 

naval  militia  embarked  on  board  the  Miantonovioh  for  four  days'  drill, 
the  men  going  on  board  in  the  morning  and  disembarking  in  tlie  even- 
ing, all  the  drills  and  instruction  taking  iilace  with  the  A^essel  under 
way. 

The  two  separate  Rochester  divisionsof  thelsew  York  Naval  Militia, 
numbering  70  officers  and  men,  received  four  days'  instruction  at  sea  on 
the  flagship  San  Francisco.  The  first  battalion  of  the  Kew  York  Naval 
Militia  decided  not  to  embark  on  a  man-of-war  on  account  of  the  battal- 
ion's lackof  sufficientpreparation  and  organization.  Thisbattalion,  how- 
ever, spent  a  week  on  board  the  old  line-of-battleship  Neic  Hampshire, 
at  anchor  in  Cold  Spring  Harbor,  Long  Island,  for  the  purpose  of  drill 
and  instruction. 

A  part  of  the  Philadelphia  divisions  of  the  Peimsylvania  Naval 
Militia,  numbering  93  officers  and  men,  embarked  ou  the  flagship  San 
Francisco  with  the  two  divisions  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  and  were  instructed 
and  drilled  for  four  days  at  sea. 

Sixty-eight  officers  and  men  of  the  North  Carolina  Militia  received 
four  days'  instruction  ou  board  the  Kearsarge,  the  drills  and  target 
jjractice  taking  i^lace  at  sea.  After  this  tour  of  duty  the  monitor 
Naniuclcet  was  turned  over  to  the  governor  of  North  Carolina  for  the 
use  of  the  naval  militia  of  that  State. 

The  naval  militia  of  South  Carolina  had  intended  to  take  a  four  days' 
course  of  instruction  on  the  Kearsarge,  but  were  prevented  from  so 
doing  by  reason  of  the  unfortunate  experiences  of  many  of  its  mem- 
bers during  a  disastrous  storm  just  prior  to  that  time. 

It  was  the  intention  of  the  Department  to  give  the  militia  of  Cali- 
fornia an  opi)ortunity  of  gaining  experience  at  sea,  but  no  man-of-war 
was  available  on  the  Pacific  Coast  for  that  purpose. 

From  the  reports  received  by  the  Department  during  the  year,  it  is 
apparent  that  the  naval  militia  organizations  under  the  different  states 
are  progressing  as  rapidly  as  possible  nnder  the  x)eculiar  circumstances 
of  their  situation  on  shore. 

The  interest  of  the  Navy  Department  in  the  naval  militia  must,  in  the 
very  nature  of  things,  depend  upon  its  efficiency  as  a  seagoing  force;  and 
it  is  the  intention  of  the  Department  to  give  the  various  organizations 
its  most  hearty  cooperation  in  all  efforts  tending  to  such  an  end. 

The  experience  of  this  year  has  so  impressed  the  Department  with 
tlic  imxDortance  of  the  annual  cruise  that  its  policy  in  this  direction  will, 
if  circumstances  permit,  be  carried  out  on  even  a  larger  scale  during 
the  next  year. 

It  is  exceedingly  gratifying  to  see  so  many  of  our  i)atriotic  citizens 
thus  voluntarily  organizing  and  laboring  to  tit  themselves  for  naval 
duty.  Our  long  and  exposed  seacoast  and  the  difficulties  attending 
enlistment  of  sailors  from  our  merchant  marine  make  this  organization 
of  great  national  importance,  and  the  Department  will  do  everything 
possible  under  existing  laws  to  foster  and  encourage  it. 


436       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 
THE  COLUMBIAN  CARAYELS. 

These  vessels,  the  Santa  Maria,  Nina,  and  Pinta,  were  constructed 
in  Spain,  the  first  named  at  the  expense  of  tlie  Spanish  Government, 
and  the  other  t^vo  at  the  expense  of  the  United  States  under  authority 
granted  in  the  naval  apxiropriation  act  dated  July  19,  1892.  All  were 
completed  in  time  to  participate  in  the  Columbus  celebration  at  Palos, 
Spain,  in  October,  1892.  Afterwards  the  Santa  Maria  was  brought  to 
the  United  States  via  Havana,  under  Spanish  naval  officers  and  men. 
The  ^ina  and  Finta  were  convoyed  and  towed  to  Havana  by  the  United 
States  ships  Neivarh  and  Bennington.  At  Havana  they  were  turned 
over  to  the  Spanish  authorities,  by  whom  they  were  brought  to  the 
United  States,  and  with  the  Santa  Maria  participated  in  the  naval 
review  in  April  of  this  year.  Under  direction  of  the  Department  they 
were  all  afterwards  towed  to  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  at 
Chicago. 

The  Santa  Maria  having  been  presented  to  the  United  States  by  the 
Spanish  Government,  was  turned  over  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Xavy 
with  appropriate  ceremonies  at  the  World's  Fair.  In  September  of 
this  year,  the  Spanish  officers  and  seamen  of  these  vessels  were 
relieved  by  officers  and  seamen  of  our  Navy.  At  the  close  of  the 
Fair,  the  Columbian  Museum  Company  of  Chicago,  intending  to  apply 
to  Congress  for  the  passage  of  an  act  donating  the  caravels  perma- 
nently to  the  city  of  Chicago,  offered  to  take  charge  of  them  pending 
the  api)lication.  The  Department  having  satisfied  itself  that  the  ves- 
sels would  be  properly  cared  for,  accepted  the  offer  and  turned  them 
over  accordingly,  thus  saving  itself  the  burden  and  expense  of  their 
preservation  during  the  coming  winter. 

The  caravels  are  of  no  use  to  the  ISTavy  but  remain  as  most  interesting 
historical  mementoes,  not  only  of  the  courage  and  genius  of  the  illus- 
trious discoverer  of  our  continent,  but  also  of  the  great  World's  Fair 
Exposition,  and  of  the  friendly  action  of  Spain  in  building  and  sending 
to  this  country  the  Santa  Maria.  It  is,  therefore,  suggested  that  Con- 
gress be  asked  to  direct  what  disposition  shall  be  made  of  them. 
Should  Congress  decide  that  they  are  to  be  brought  to  Washington,  I 
recommend  that  an  act  be  passed  authorizing  the  expense  of  towing 
and  bringing  them  to  be  paid  from  the  unexpended  balance  of  the 
appropriations  for  the  "  International  Naval  Eendezvous  and  Review." 

In  this  connection  I  beg  to  inform  you  that  Capt.  Andersen,  the 
daring  navigator  who  brought  the  ViJcing  to  the  Exposition,  and  who 
represents  those  enterprising  citizens  of  Norway  who  built  the  boat, 
has  signified  his  intention  to  present  that  vessel  to  our  Government 
through  the  Navy  Department,  and  I  have  intimated  au  intention  to 
accept  it.  I  therefore  recommend  that  Congress  shall  also  provide 
that  some  suitable  disposition  shall  be  made  of  the  Viking  when  it 
shall  come  into  the  hands  of  the  Government. 


EEPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    NAVY.  437 

INTEEISrATIONAL  NAVAL  RENDEZVOUS  AND   REVIEW. 

Eeferringto  tlie  International  Naval  Eendezvoiis  and  Review,  author- 
ized by  act  of  Congress  ai)proved  April  25, 1890,  it  gives  me  pleasure  to 
state  that  all  the  details  connected  with  the  organizing  and  conducting 
of  this  undertaking  were  carried  out  in  the  most  satisfactory  manner. 
The  rendezvous  took  place  in  Hami)tou  Roads  April  24,  the  foreign 
ships  commencing  to  arrive  by  April  8.  Rear- Admiral  Bancroft  Gher- 
ardi,  the  senior  officer  of  our  Navy,  was  given  entire  charge  of  the 
conduct  of  all  operations  connected  with  this  event.  With  a  fleet  of 
twelve  American  vessels  he  received  the  visiting  ships  as  they  arrived 
at  Hampton  Roads,  paying  to  the  officers  and  crews  of  the  foreign 
vessels  those  courtesies  which  are  naturally  incident  to  an  occasion  of 
this  character.  On  the  24th  of  April  the  vessels  of  the  combined  fleet, 
which  consisted  of  twelve  from  the  United  States,  four  from  England, 
three  from  France,  three  from  Brazil,  two  from  Russia,  two  from  Italy, 
two  from  Germany,  and  one  from  Holland,  got  under  way  and  pro- 
ceeded to  New  York  in  fleet  formation,  with  Rear- Admiral  Gherardi  in 
command.  At  New  York  this  fleet  was  joined  by  one  more  Russian 
vessel,  three  Spanish  vessels,  one  Argentine  vessel,  and  the  Mianto- 
nomoh,  of  our  own  Navy,  making  a  combined  fleet  of  thirty-five  men 
of  war. 

On  the  2Gth  of  April  this  large  fleet,  in  double- column  formation,  pro- 
ceeded up  New  York  Bay  and  the  Hvulson  River  to  the  naval  review 
anchorage,  where  the  three  caravels  were  found  j>.waiting  it.  On  the 
27th  of  April  the  fleet  was  reviewed  by  the  President  on  board  the 
Dolpldn,  each  vessel  as  it  passed  rendering  him  the  honors  due  his  posi- 
tion. On  the  following  day,  the  28th  of  April,  armed  battalions  of  the 
United  States,  England,  Russia,  Germany,  France,  Italy,  Brazil, 
Argentina,  and  the  Netherlands,  amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  3,815 
men,  marched  in  column  of  brigades  through  the  principal  streets  of 
New  York  and  were  reviewed  by  the  governor  of  the  State.  Thi? 
parade  closed  the  review.  The  entire  affair  was  a  success  in  every 
respect,  this  being  due  not  only  to  the  skillful  and  delicate  conduct  of 
the  American  admiral  in  command  of  the  combined  fleet,  but  also  to 
the  cordial  and  hearty  cooperation  afforded  him  by  the  officers  com- 
manding the  foreign  squadrons.  The  review  was  not  only  instructive 
to  all  our  people,  but  was  of  the  greatest  interest  to  the  naval  service. 

The  appropriations  for  the  naval  rendezvous  and  review,  including 
all  costs  and  expenses  of  the  caravels,  aggregated  $350,000.  The  great- 
est single  item  of  expense  in  connection  with  the  review  was  work  done 
on  naval  vessels,  much  of  which  was  otherwise  necessary,  amounting 
to  839,060.50. 

Of  the  $350,000  appropriated  the  Department  turned  back  into  the 
Treasury  of  the  United  States  June  30,  1893,  $250,000,  and  still  has  to 
its  credit,  in  excess  of  all  known  and  estimated  liabilities,  a  balance  of 
$10,553.12. 


438  REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    NAVY. 

SUPPLIES,  PURCHASES,  AND   ACCOUNTS. 


.,      X     ^^K,^^^.^KJX^,.^y 


The  system  of  accounts,  purcliases,  and  supplies  initiated  by  Ex- 
Secretary  Whitney,  and  so  carefully  developed  in  the  Bnrean  of 
Supplies  and  Accounts  during  the  administration  of  my  predecessor, 
has  so  operated  during  the  present  administration  of  the  Department 
as  to  commend  itself  to  my  judgment.  The  concentration  in  one  bureau 
of  the  accounts  pertaining  to  the  establishment,  and  the  consolidation 
under  the  direction  of  the  same  bureau  of  all  supx)lies  belonging  to  the 
Navy,  has  proved  business-like,  economical,  and  to  the  best  interests 
of  the  Government.  The  point  to  which  the  system  has  now  been 
brought  enables  the  Department  to  obtain  at  any  moment  precise  and 
accurate  information  of  the  cost  to  a  given  date  of  any  shij)  in  process 
of  construction  by  the  Government,  the  quantities  of  the  various  arti- 
cles on  hand  in  general  stock  at  any  navy-yard,  and  the  exact  condition 
of  all  appropriations  made  for  the  naval  service. 

The  advance  made  Avithin  the  past  three  or  four  years  under  this  sys- 
tem in  the  direction  of  improved  methods  in  the  transaction  of  public 
business  and  for  a  stricter  accountability  for  Government  x>roperty  is 
very  great,  and  the  attention  of  the  Department  will  be  directed  to  the 
further  development  of  the  system  now  in  oiieration  with  a  view  to 
securing,  tlirough  an  enlarged  application  of  it,  results  more  valuable 
than  any  that  have  yet  been  reached  in  the  matter  of  accounts,  and 
still  greater  economy  in  the  i)urchase  and  handling  of  supplies. 

The  sui^ply  fund  established  by  the  last  Congress  for  the  mainte- 
nance of  a  stock  of  such  ordinary  commercial  articles  as  are  in  frequent 
demand  is  in  oi)eration  at  three  of  the  principal  yards.  The  benefits 
resulting  from  the  fund  are  already  apparent  in  a  reduction  in  the  num- 
ber of  open-purchase  requisitions,  a  speedier  furnishing  of  supplies  to 
ships,  and  a  saving  of  money  due  to  the  fact  that  all  purchases  under 
the  fund  are  made  only  after  j)ublic  advertisement. 

The  commissioning  of  ships  is  attended  with  less  confusion  and  delay 
than  formerly,  owing  to  i^egulations  put  in  force  during  the  past  year 
requiring  that  all  articles  of  outfit  and  sui>plies  intended  for  vessels  be 
procured  and  assembled  by  the  Bureau  of  Supplies  and  Accounts  at 
the  fitting-out  j'ard  in  advance  of  the  completion  of  the  vessel.  Under 
these  regulations  as  now  enforced  there  is  no  reason  why  a  ship's  outfit 
should  not  be  put  on  board,  and  the  ship  read}'  for  service,  so  far  as 
her  necessary  stores  are  concerned,  witliin  twenty-four  hours  from  the 
time  the  order  to  put  her  in  commission  is  given.  As  the  same  regula- 
tions will  hereafter  be  in  operation  for  vessels  in  reserve,  the  mobiliza- 
tion of  a  lieet  should  be  effected  with  great  rapidity. 

In  view  of  the  importance  and  the  greatly  increased  volume  of  the 
business  transacted  by  the  Burea.u  of  Supplies  and  Accounts,  and  in 
order  to  expedite  the  business  of  the  Department,  I  approve  of  the 
recommendation  made  by  the  Paymaster- General  that  Congress  be 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       439 

asked  to  authorize  the  assignment  of  au  officer  of  the  Pay  Corps  to 
duty  as  Assistant  Chief  of  the  Biu-eau  of  Supplies  and  Accounts,  with 
authority  to  act  as  Chief  of  the  Bureau  in  the  absence  of  the  Paymas- 
ter-General. 

LABOR   AT   NAVY   Y^AEDS. 

Every  facility  has  been  afforded  by  the  Department  for  carrying  out 
the  provisions  of  the  regulations  relating  to  the  employment  of  labor 
at  the  navy-yards.  The  report  of  the  Board  of  Labor  at  the  IsTorfolk 
navy-yard  for  the  year  ending  September  1 ,  1893,  shows  that  out  of  1,500 
men  certified  for  employment  401  failed  to  report  for  work.  Out  of  1,111 
certified  to  the  heads  of  departments  in  the  Js'ew  York  navy-yard  347  did 
not  respond,  and  a  like  proportion  in  the  other  navy-yards  failed  to  report 
for  employment  in  response  to  notices  sent.  This  caused  delay  in  pro- 
curing labor  when  needed  and  suggested  a  modification  of  the  rules. 
According  to  the  rules  as  adopted  by  my  iiredecessor,  the  names  of 
ai^plicants  remained  on  the  register  indefinitely.  As  the  applications 
were  greatly  in  excess  of  the  needs  of  the  Government,  and  as  it  was 
often  necessary  to  call  for  laborers  whose  names  had  been  on  the  regis- 
ter for  nearly  two  j^ears,  it  is  obvious  that  there  were  many  reasons, 
such  as  death,  change  of  residence,  obtaining  other  employment,  etc., 
why  persons  on  the  register  should  fail  to  appear.  The  regulations 
were  therefore  amended  by  ordering  that,  as  is  provided  in  the  rules 
governing  the  Civil  Service  Commission,  the  names  of  applicants  should 
remain  on  the  register  only  one  year.  Other  amendments  to  the  rules 
may  be  suggested  by  the  careful  scrutiny  to  which  they  are  being  con- 
stantly subjected  by  the  Department. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  the  system  of  employing  laborers  without  ref- 
erence to  their  j)olitics  and  making  merit  the  sole  test  of  their  retention 
and  advancement  is  greatly  to  the  benefit  of  the  Government.  Unless 
some  such  system  as  this  be  followed,  there  is  no  practicable  method 
except  to  take  the  recommendations  of  members  of  Congress  who  are 
better  acquainted  with  and  have  more  knowledge  of  their  constituen- 
cies than  any  other  persons  to  whom  the  head  of  a  Department  has 
access.  Senators  and  Eepresentatives,  interested  as  they  are  in  the 
su(;cess  of  the  Government  and  of  their  party,  as  a  rule,  it  may  be 
safely  presumed,  will  only  recommend  those  whom  they  believe"  to  be 
competenc  for  places  under  the  Government,  but  the  knowledge  they 
have  of  the  capacity  of  laborers  to  build  and  repair  ships  is  generally 
restricted  within  \evy  narrow  limits.  They  certainly  can  not  judge  of 
the  competency  of  laborers  with  as  much  accuracy  as  they  display  in 
selecting  persons  for  clerical  places,  and  everyone  knows  that  in  tliis, 
though  actuated  by  the  best  intentions,  they  make  frequent  mistakes. 

A  misfortune  of  the  method  of  taking  on  laborers  to  oblige  their 
friends,  and  not  because  of  their  capacity  or  skill,  is  that  the  influence 
that  procures  an  ai^pointment  is  frequently  used  to  secure  the  retention 
of  au  incompetent  employe. 


440       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

It  is  not  i)racticable  to  estimate  accurately  the  value  of  the  present 
system  of  employing  labor  at  navy-yards,  but  it  certainly  is  an  improve- 
ment ui)on  former  methods.  Every  officer  of  the  ISTavy  with  whom  I 
have  consulted  favors  it;  especially  those  who  have  had  recent  expe- 
rience in  navy-yards.  And  yet  experience  and  the  constant  investiga- 
tions being  made  will  doubtless  suggest'  modifications. 

Generally,  the  regulations  adopted  by  my  predecessor  seem  to  have 
been  fairly  complied  with.  Eecent  developments,  however,  have  shown 
some  violations  of  the  rules  at  the  Washington  navy-yard.  It  is  the 
purpose  of  the  Department  to  investigate  thoroughly  every  case  of 
alleged  irregularity,  and  when  infractions  of  the  rules  are  established 
such  steps  v>'ill  be  taken  and  such  orders  issued  as  will  prevent  repeti- 
tion of  the  offenses.  It  is  hoped  that  results  will  be  such  as  to  satisfy 
all  parties  of  the  propriety  and  x)olicy  of  making  merit  the  sole  test  by 
which  labor  is  employed  and  retained  in  our  navy-yards. 

The  one  misfortune  connected  with  the  promulgation  of  these  rules 
is  that,  at  the  time  of  their  adoption,  the  employes  were  not  equally 
divided  between  the  two  great  political  parties.  If  such  division  had 
first  been  made  and  the  system  then  put  in  force  it  is  not  believed  that 
even  a  plausible  argument  could  be  made  for  a  return  to  former 
methods.  It  is  perhaiis  too  much,  however,  to  expect  that  such  a  fair 
division  should  first  have  been  made.  Ko  new  method  would  ever  be 
tried  if  its  adoi)tion  depended  on  conditions  that  never  existed. 

NAVY-YARD   PLANTS. 

The  few  imi)rovements  of  navy-yard  plants  recommended  are  such 
as  will  maintain  them  in  good  condition  to  do  repair  work  only.  Com- 
petition between  shipbuilders  is  now  very  sharp,  and  at  present  rates 
they  can  build  more  economically  than  can  be  done  at  Government 
yards.  Sound  policy  would,  therefore,  seem  to  require  that  any  new 
vessels  Congress  may  see  fit  to  authorize  shall  be  let  out  by  i)rivate 
contract,  especially  as,  in  the  event  of  a  foreign  war,  the  Government 
would  bo  compelled  to  rely  on  private  yards  for  hurried  extensive  re- 
pairs and  any  desirable  increase  of  vessels. 

Duving  the  past  season  I  visited  and  inspected  personally  the  navy- 
yards  at  Brooklyn,  Boston,  and  Portsmouth,  the  naval  station  at  New 
London,  and  the  war  college,  toriiedo  station,  and  training  school  at 
Newport.  It  is  my  intention  to  pay  similar  visits  of  inspection  at  an 
early -day  to  the  navy-yards  at  League  Island,  Norfolk,  and  Mare  Island. 
This  latter  yard  will  require  some  appropriations  to  enable  it  to  do  the 
additional  work  assigned  to  it.  Formerlj^,  vessels  cruising  in  Asiatic 
waters  when  they  needed  repairs  were  compelled  to  make  long  cruises 
around  Cape  Horn  or  through  the  Suez  Canal  to  reach  the  navy-yards 
on  our  eastern  eoast.  To  save  expense,  I  have  ordered  that  all  the 
ships  of  the  Asiatic  Squadron,  when  in  need  of  repairs  impossible  to 
have  made  abroad,  shall  be  sent  to  the  Mare  Island  navy-yard. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       441 


EXAMINATIONS  FOR  PROMOTION. 

The  present  system  of  exainination  for  promotion  in  the  Navy  being 
in  some  respects  faulty,  I  have  the  honor  to  recommend  that  Congress 
be  requested  to  provide  that  the."  Act  to  provide  for  the  examination  of 
certain  officers  of  the  Army  audto  regulate  promotions  therein,"  approved 
October  1,  1890,  which  was  subsequently,  by  the  act  approved  July  28, 
1892,  made  applicable  to  the  Marine  Corps,  be  further  made  applicable 
to  the  Navy;  it  is  also  recommended  that  the  above  acts  be  so  amended 
that  in  cases  where  the  board  finds  a  candidate  physically  disqualified 
for  promotion,  and  accordingly  resolves  itself  into  a  retiring  board,  it 
shall  be  its  duty  to  examine  into  the  record  of  the  candidate,  so  far  as 
may  be  necessary,  to  ascertain  whether  or  not  his  physical  inability  to 
perform  at  sea  the  duties  of  the  place  to  which  it  is  proposed  to  pro- 
mote him  is  the  result  of  drunkenness  or  any  other  cause  arising  from 
his  own  misconduct. 

It  is  further  recommended  that  the  law  for  the  examination  of  officers 
as  to  their  physical,  mental,  moral,  and  professional  qualifications  for 
promotion  be  made  to  embrace  i)assed  assistant  surgeons  upon  their 
promotion  to  the  grade  of  surgeon,  and  chief  engineers  upon  their  i)ro- 
motion  to  higher  relative  rank  in  that  grade. 

Applicants  for  the  position  of  assistant  surgeon  in  the  Navy  are  now 
subjected  to  an  extremely  rigid  examination  and  rightfully  so,  as  the 
sanitary  condition  of  ships  and  often  the  health  and  lives  of  those  on 
board  depend  upon  the  knowledge  and  skill  of  the  medical  officers  of  a 
vessel.  About  three  years  after  admission  to  the  grade  of  assistant 
surgeon,  medical  officers  are  subjected  to  an  examination  for  the  grade 
of  passed  assistant  surgeon.  Then  they  pass  through  the  grades  of 
passed  assistant  surgeon  and  surgeon,  an  average  period  of  over  thirty- 
one  years  of  service,  including  promotion  without  any  examination 
whatever,  mental,  moral,  or  physical,  until  they  apply  for  the  position  of 
medical  inspector.  There  seems  to  be  no  good  reason  why  medical 
officers  should  not  be  required  like  others  to  affirmatively  show  their 
qualifications  for  promotion. 

LIVE    OAK  RESERVATIONS 

For  many  years  a  number  of  tracts  of  land  in  the  States  of  Florida, 
Alabama,  and  Mississippi  have  been  reserved  from  the  public  domain 
for  the  use  of  the  Navy  Department  as  a  source  of  supply  of  live-oak 
timber. 

As  the  lands  seem  now  to  be  of  no  practical  value  for  the  purpose 
for  which  they  were  reserved,  I  have  the  honor  to  suggest  the  advis- 
ability of  restoring  them  to  the  public  domain  and  opening  them  to 
settlement. 


442  REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    NAV\\ 

CERTIFIED  CHECKS. 

It  has  come  to  tlie*  knowledge  of  the  Department  that  many  hirge 
dealers  are  deterred  from  bidding  for  contracts  to  furnish  small  quan- 
tities of  articles  required  for  use  in  the  naval  service,  because  the 
trouble  and  inconvenience  in  securing. suitable  bondsmen  is  ont  of  all 
X)roportion  to  the  amount  involved  in  the  contract. 

Section  3719  of  the  Revised  Statutes  provides  that  every  proposal 
for  naval  supplies,  invited  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  *  *  *  shall 
be  accompanied  by  a  written  guaranty,  signed  by  one  or  more  responsi- 
ble persons,  to  the  effect  that  he  or  they  undertake  that  the  bidder,  if 
his  bid  is  accepted,  will,  at  such  time  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Navy,  give  bond,  with  good  and  sufficient  sureties,  to  fur- 
nish the  supplies  proposed;  and  no  proposal  shall  be  considered  unless 
accompanied  by  such  guaranty. 

It  is  resi)ectfully  reconmiended  that  the  provisions  contained  in  this 
section  be  so  far  modified  as  to  allow  the  Department  to  accept  certified 
checks,  covering  the  entire  amount  of  the  contract,  in  lieu  of  the  guar- 
antee and  bonds  now  made  compulsory  by  the  Eevi'sed  Statutes.  Tlie 
security  of  the  interests  of  the  Government  would  be  amply  protected 
bj'  certified  checks,  and  the  reluctance  of  many  large  dealers  to  sub- 
mit proposals  and  enter  into  contract  under  existing  laws  would  be 
overcome. 

By  inducing  large  firms  to  bid  for  supplies  competition  is  encouraged, 
and  a  better  class  of  articles  is  secured  without  additional  cost  to  the 
Government. 

COMPULSORY  ATTENDANCE   OF   CIVILIANS. 

In  many  cases  brought  to  trial  before  naval  courts  it  has  been  found 
that  evidence  which  would  be  of  the  greatest  imi)ortance  in  establish- 
ing the  innocence  or  guilt  of  the  accused  isentirely  confined  within  the 
knowledge  of  civilians;  and  under  existing  statutes  their  personal 
attendance  at  the  trial  is  not  compulsory.  Thus  the  ends  of  justice  are 
frequently  defeated  by  the  reluctance  of  civilians  to  testify  before  a 
naval  court. 

Congress  has  conferred  upon  the  judge-advocate  of  an  army  court 
the  power  to  subpoena  civilian  witnesses,  but  has  failed  to  authorize 
the  court  to  punish  such  witnesses  for  contempt  in  case  they  refuse  to 
testify. 

It  is  respectfully  recommended  that  a  provision  be  enacted  author- 
izing the  judge-advocate  of  a  naval  court  to  subpoena  civilian  witnesses 
and  empowering  the  court  to  punish  such  witnesses  for  contempt  in 
case  they  refuse  to  testify.  By  means  of  such  a  provision  it  will  be 
possible  to  administer  law  and  justice  in  many  cases  which  under 
existing  statutes  it  is  not  in-acticable  to  reach. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    NAVY..  443 

DEPOSITION — MEMORANDUIM. 

The  established  form  of  procedure  iii  naval  general  courts-martial  is 
to  summon  all  witnesses  whose  testimony  is  desired  in  any  case  under 
consideration,  and  to  require  the  witness  to  give  his  testimony  orally 
and  in  the  hearing  of  the  accused.  While  it  is  x)referable  to  follow  the 
custom  of  taking  testimony  in  open  court,  in  all  cases  where  it  is  fea- 
sible, there  are  times  when  it  is  not  only  inconvenient  but  almost  impos- 
sible to  do  so. 

As  the  articles  for  the  government  of  the  Navy  in  regavd  to  the 
organization  of  a  naval  general  court-martial  must  be  adhered  to 
strictly,  it  is  not  an  uncommon  occurrence  for  a  period  of  several 
months  to  elapse  between  the  date  on  which  the  offense  is  committed 
and  the  convening  of  the  court.  During  this  period  it  sometimes  hap- 
pens that  important  witnesses  are  relieved  from  duty  in  the  vicinity 
and  sent  on  distant  service.  To  obtain  their  testimony  at  the  trial  it 
then  becomes  necessary  to  recall  them  from  such  dut}'  and  frequently, 
at  great  delay  and  expense. 

Article  91  of  the  Articles  of  "War  provides  that  "the  depositions  of 
witnesses  residing  beyond  the  limits  of  the  State,  Territory,  or  district 
in  which  any  military  court  may  be  ordered  to  sit,  if  taken  on  reason- 
able notice  to  the  opposite  party  and  duly  authenticated,  may  be  read 
in  evidence  before  such  court  in  cases  not  capital." 

The  articles  for  the  government  of  the  ISTavy  do  not  i^rovide  for  such 
an  emergency,  and  the  enactment  of  a  similar  provision  wonld  not  only 
avoid  the  delay  and  expense  incidental  to  the  x>ersonal  attendance  of 
the  witness  at  the  trial,  but  it  would  place  within  reach  of  the  court 
evidence  which  it  is  now  impracticable  to  obtain,  thus  materially  fur- 
thering the  administration  of  law  and  justice. 

It  is  suggested  that  if  this  regulation  be  nuide  ai^plicable  to  the  Xavy 
the  words  ''or  who,  being  in  the  naval  or  military  service  of  the  United 
States,  shall  be  stationed  more  than  100  miles  from  the  i^lace  of  trial,  or 
shall  be  at  sea,  or  under  orders  for  sea,"  be  inserted  therein  after  the 
word  •'  sit"  and  before  the  word  "  if." 

The  Judge- Advocate-General  of  the  ]^avy  suggests  that  in  the  inter- 
ests of  economy  and  convenience  the  following  be  enacted  into  law,  and 
the  Department  api^roves  the  snggestion : 

Tliat  judges-advocate  of  naval  general  courfcs-martial  and  courts  of  inquiry,  and 
all  commanders  in  chief  of  naval  squadrons,  commandants  of  navy-yards  and  sta- 
tions, and  officers  commaudiu.i;  vessels  of  tlie  Navy,  are  hereby  authorized  to  admin- 
ister oaths  for  the  purposes  of  the  administration  ot  naval  justice,  and  lor  other 
purposes  of  naval  administration. 

LIMITATION   OF   PUNISHMENTS. 

A  recent  statute  relating  to  the  Army  contains  the  following  provi- 
sion: 

That  whenever  by  any  of  the  Articles  of  War  for  the  government  of  the  Army,  the 
punishment  on  conviction  of  any  military  offense  is  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  court- 
martial,  the  punishment  therefor  shall  not,  in  time  of  peace,  be  in  excess  of  a  limit 
which  the  President  may  prescribe.  _^ 


444       EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETABY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

Tlic  President  lias,  under  tlie  provisions  of  the  above-mentioned 
statute,  by  an  Executive  order  published  in  General  Orders  No.  21, 
dated  Mareli  28,  1891,  limited  the  amount  of  punishment  to  be  awarded 
by  a  court-martial  in  many  cases  of  .common  occurrence  in  the  Army. 
The  effect  of  the  order  has  been  most  satisfactory;  whereas,  before 
the  passage  of  the  act  empowering  the  President  to  prescribe  the 
limits  of  punishment  to  be  awarded  in  certain  cases,  there  was  such  a 
lack  of  uniformity  in  the  sentences  imposed,  owing  to  the  diversity  of 
ojunion  oi"  the  general  courts-martial,  that  it  frequently  happened  that 
the  punishments  awarded  for  the  same  offense  differed  widely  in 
severity.  As  a  consequence  there  is  now  so  much  greater  uniformity 
in  the  administration  of  justice  in  the  Armj^  that  the  Judge-Advocate- 
General  of  the  War  Department,  in  a  recent  report,  refers  to  the  change 
as  marking  a  most  important  era  in  the  history  of  that  branch  of  the 
public  service. 

While  it  is  possible  for  the  revising  authority  to  regulate  and  thus 
to  secure  in  some  degree  uniformity  in  the  punishment  of  offenses, 
this  method  has  been  found  in  practice  to  be  unsatisfactory.  An 
unwritten  rule  resting  only  in  the  breast  of  a  judge  can  never  be  defi- 
nite or  uniform  in  application;  especially  is  this  so  when  no  one  person 
can  be  exi^ected  for  any  long  period  of  time  to  exercise  the  revising 
autbority. 

It  is  resi^ectfully  recommended  that  a  provision  similar  to  the  one 
quoted  above  in  regard  to  the  Army  be  enacted  for  the  Navy. 

UNITED   STATES  NAVAL   OBSERVATORY. 

I  beg  to  recommend  certain  legislation  which,  without  cost  to  the  Gov- 
ernment, will  greatly  benefit  the  United  States  Naval  Observatory. 

In  order  to  insure,  within  practicable  limits,  the  success  of  astro- 
nomical observations,  the  delicate  instruments  used  in  observing  should 
be  protected  against  smoke,  unusual  currents  of  heated  air,  and  undue 
vibrations  from  traffic  upon  public  thoroughfares  in  the  vicinity.  These 
essential  safeguards,  experiments  have  shown,  can  be  secured  only  by 
controlling  a  circle  described  with  a  radius  of  at  least  1,000  feet  from 
the  central  point  of  the  building,  and  allowing  within  it  no  public 
streets,  avenues,  or  thoroughfares. 

The  Government  land  on  which  the  Naval  Observatory  has  been 
established,  though  ample  in  extent,  will  not  as  it  is  now  shaped  admit 
of  giving  on  all  sides  the  protection  desired,  but  an  act  of  Congress 
conferring  the  needed  authority  will  enable  the  Department  to  acquire 
without  any  appropriation  the  20  acres  necessary  to  complete  the  circle. 
Such  an  act  would  confer  power  to  sell  lands  which  are  not  only  outside 
of  the  desired  circle,  but  which  by  the  pro])osed  extension  of  Massa- 
chusetts avenite  would  be  cut  off  from  the  Observatory  tract,  and  to 
buy  with  the  proceeds  of  this  sale  land  lying  within  the  circle  on  the 
opposite  side.    The  land  proposed  to  be  sold  is  of  greater  value  than 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       445 

that  which  it  is  proposed  to  buy,  which  latter  would  not  include  the 
grounds  of  the  Industrial  Home  School.  These,  although  within  the 
circle  indicated,  will  not  be  used  for  jjurposes  detrimental  to  the  Obser- 
vatory. 

It  is  therefore  recommended  that  authority  be  granted  by  Congress 
to  dispose  of  the  ground  which  would  be  cut  off  by  the  extension  of 
Massachusetts  avenue  on  the  most  advantageous  terms,  and  to  use  the 
money  derived  from  such  sale  in  the  x>urchase  of  the  additional  land 
needed  in  other  directions  to  complete  the  prescribed  circle  herein  indi- 
cated. To  prevent  extortion  it  is  recommended  that  the  act  confer 
authority  to  institute  condemnation  i^roceedings  against  such  of  the 
desired  lands  as  can  not  be  otherwise  procured  at  a  fair  valuation,  and 
it  is  also  suggested  that  Congress  shall  authorize  the  Department  to 
convey  for  a  fair  equivalent  the  right  to  extend  Massachusetts  avenue 
through  the  grounds  of  the  Observatory  on  lines  already  laid  out. 

The  Department  is  prepared  to  submit  to  Congress  detailed  informa- 
tion bearing  upon  this  subject  and  a  draft  of  proposed  legislation  to 
accomplish  the  measures  recommended. 

LIQUID  FUEL. 

The  Italian  Government  is  using,  with  great  success,  especially  for 
torpedo  boats,  liquid  fuel,  i^etrolcum  refuse,  obtained  from  Enssia.  The 
Department  has  had  this  subject  investigated  with  the  hope  that  it 
might  be  found  practicable  to  use  this  fuel  in  our  own  Xavy,  but  it  is 
found  that  it  will  be  imi)ossible  to  obtain,  iu  the  United  States,  any 
available  supply  of  this  substance. 

The  quality  of  the  American  x)etroleum  is  so  much  higher  than  that 
of  the  Eussiau  that  there  is  no  refuse  from  the  former  of  the  character 
produced  from  the  latter.  Almost  the  whole  of  the  American  petro- 
leum is  utilized;  any  residuum  that  remains  is  of  a  solid  character, 
small  in  quantity,  and  generally  used  as  a  fuel  at  the  producing  estab- 
lishment. The  quantity,  however,  is  so  small  that  it  can  have  no  com- 
mercial standing. 

The  total  of  the  refuse  from  the  oil  wells  of  Eussia  is  estimated  at 
about  1,000,000  tons.  Only  a  moderate  portion  of  this  is  exported 
beyond  the  Eussian  dominions.  That  obtained  by  Italy  is  at  a  cost  of 
from  $12  to  $14  per  ton. 

It  is  undoubtedly  an  ideal  fuel,  but  in  the  present  circumstances  of 
small  quantity  produced,  cost,  and  the  distance  from  point  of  i)roduc- 
tion,  it  is  out  of  the  question  for  us  to  use  it,  unless  on  such  a  limited 
scale  that  it  would  be  of  no  practical  value. 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT   EXHIBIT,  WORLD'S   COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 

At  the  suggestion  of  Commodore  E.  W.  Meade,  U.  S.  Navy,  the 
space  in  the  Government  Building  which  was  to  have  been  assigned  to 
the  Navy  Department  was  surrendered  to  the  other  Departments,  and 


446       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

a  structure  of  brick,  iron,  aud  cement  was  built  on  i)iles  in  LakeMiclii- 
gan,  off  tlic  Fair  Grounds,  Laving  the  same  dimensious  and  lines,  as  far 
as  i)racticable,  as  the  coast  line  battle  sliips  Indiana^  2IassachiisettSj 
and  Oregon. 

This  brick  model  of  a  battle  ship  was  named  the  Illinois.  Guns, 
boats,  anchors,  chains,  search  lights,  compasses,  and  other  appropriate 
mail -of- war  fittings  were  exhibited  in  x^lf^ce  on  the  main  deck  and  upon 
the  superstructure,  while  on  the  berth  deck  were  placed  the  exhibits  of 
the  different  bureaus  of  the  Navy  Department  and  also  many  articles 
voluntarily  offered  for  exhibition  by  different  companies  throughout 
the  United  States  having  plants  producing  articles  needed  for  naval 
purposes. 

On  shore  near  this  brick  vessel  was  built  a  naval  observatory,  con- 
sisting of  three  small  buildings  containing  the  princijial  instruments 
and  api)liances  of  an  astronomical  institution,  from  which  was  operated 
daily  a  time  ball  on  the  Government  building.  ]Srear  to  the  observatory 
was  a  camp  of  GO  United  States  marines,  all  of  the  above  forming  the 
United  States  naval  exhibit. 

The  officers,  sailors,  and  marines  connected  with  the  care  of  the 
naval  exhibit  have  acquitted  themselves  with  credit  to  the  naval 
service. 

The  idea  of  a  brick  representation  of  our  new  battle  ships  was 
advanced  by  Commodore  Meade,  and  the  value  of  the  suggestion  has 
been  clearly  demonstrated  by  the  number  of  visitors  to  the  brick  ship 
during  the  time  of  the  Exposition.  The  daily  attendance  averaged 
nearly  20,000,  on  one  day  reaching  as  high  as  07,000.  More  than 
3,000,000  people  visited  the  vessel  during  the  time  of  the  Fair. 

The  Dei)artment  feels  satisfied  that  the  naval  exhibit  at  Chicago  has 
proved  a  source  of  instruction  to  people  of  the  interior  which  could  not 
have  been  improved  upon. 

MISCELLAlSrEOUS  RECEIPTS  FOR   GOVERNMENT  PROPERTY. 

In  the  appendix  will  be  found  a  detailed  statement,  i^repared  by  the 
Fourth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  of  deposits  in  the  Treasury,  from 
IS'ovember  1,  1892,  to  ]S"ovember  1,  1893,  arising  from  the  sale  of  con- 
demned vessels,  stores,  and  materials;  from  gains  on  exchange,  interest, 
and  rents;  from  supplies  furnished  to  and  work  performed  for  other 
branches  of  the  Government;  aud  from  other  lawful  disj)osition  of 
public  i)roperty  under  the  cognizance  of  the  Navy  Department. 

The  total  amount  so  deposited  was  8112,931.22,  of  which  the  sum  of 
$50,331.09  was  covered  into  the  Treasury  as  "miscellaneous  receipts  ou 
account  of  proceeds  of  public  prox)erty,"  as  required  by  section  3G1S  of 
the  Kevised  Statutes,  and  the  remainder,  $50,002.53,  carried  as  author- 
ized by  law  to  the  credit  of  the  proper  aiipropriations,  to  be  applied  to 
naval  purposes. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       447 
SALE  OF  CONDE^INED  VESSELS. 

As  stated  in  the  last  ainuial  report  of  this  Department,  the  only  offer 
Diade  for  the  tag  Ivy,  at  Mare  Island,  amounting  to  $1,305,  was 
accepted  and  the  vessel  delivered  to  the  purchaser.  The  appraised 
value  of  the  vessel  was  $1,000.  The  expense  of  advertising  for  propo- 
sals.for  the  purchase  of  the  Ivy  and  the  Mayjloicer,  for  which  latter 
vessel  no  ofter  was  received,  amounted  to  $1G0.G5.  After  paying  the 
exi)eusesof  advertising,  the  net  proceeds  $1,138.35,  were  covered  into 
the  Treasury,  in  accordance  with  section  3618  of  the  Ee vised  Statutes, 
as  "Miscellaneous  receipts  on  account  of  the  sale  of  Government  prop- 
erty." An  account  of  the  payments  for  advertising  and  deposit  of  net 
proceeds  of  the  sale  will  be  found  in  the  Appendix  to  this  report. 

The  Pcdos,  which  had  been  condemned  as  unfit  for  further  service, 
was  duly  advertised  for  sale  on  the  Asiatic  station.  Her  appraised 
value  was  $7,000,  but  the  highest  ofter  received  under  the  advertise- 
ment was  6,000  silver  yen — less  than  the  appraised  value.  It  was 
deemed  to  the  interest  of  the  Government  to  dispose  of  the  vessel  with- 
out further  delay,  and  under  the  authority  of  the  President,  the  com- 
manding officer  of  the  Asiatic  station  was  cabled,  on  the  6th  of  Janu- 
ary to  accept  the  highest  ofter.  He  succeeded  in  obtaining  an  offer  of 
7,000  silver  yen,  and  accepted  it.  After  pajang  all  expenses  connected 
with  the  sale,  the  net  proceeds  realized,  amounting  to  $5,145.10,  were 
deposited  by  the  pay  officer  in  charge  and  covered  into  the  Treasury, 
in  pursuance  of  the  section  of  the  Statutes  above  mentioned. 

On  the  17th  June  last,  the  tug  Phlox  at  Annapolis,  appraised  at 
$2,000,  was  advertised  for  sale,  but  no  offer  was  received.  She  will  be 
made  use  of  at  the  Academ3^ 

The  tug  Mayflower  for  which  no  bid  was  obtained  under  advertise- 
ment of  October  20,  1802,  has  been  reappraised  and  proposals  invited 
for  her  i)urchase. 

ESTIMATES  AND   APPROPRIATIONS. 

For  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1895,  the  estimates  for  the  Kavy 
and  Marine  Corj)s,  including  increase  of  the  Navy  and  public  works, 
amount  to  $27,885,914.02,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  following  tabular 
statement. 

The  estimates  for  the  same  purposes  for  the  current  fiscal  year 
amounted  to  $24,471,498.21,  or  $3,414,415.81  less  than  those  for  the  next 
fiscal  year. 

For  the  current  fiscal  year  the  estimates  for  increase  of  the  Navy 
amounted  to  $9,703,657,  and  for  the  next  fiscal  year  they  amount  to 
$12,455,025,  the  difference  being  $2,751,368. 

The  estimates  for  the  running  exi)enses  of  the  Navy  and  Marine 
Corps,  including  improvements  at  navy-yards  and  stations  for  the  next 
fiscal  year,  amount  to  $15,430,889.02,  being  $663,047.81  in  excess  of  the 
estimates  of  the  current  fiscal  year, 


448 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


Comparative  exhibit  of  estimates  and  appropriations,  ISD-i  andlS95. 


Detailed  objects  of  expenditure  and  explanation. 


Estimates,  1894. 


A  ppropriations, 

1894— current 

year. 


Estimates,  1895. 


General  establisliment: 

Pay  of  tlio  IS'avy 

Pay,  miscellaneous 

Contingent,  If avy 

Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks : 

Ordinary  expenses 

Public  "U'orks 

Bureau  of  Navigation : 

Ordinary  expenses 

Xaval  Academy 

Bureau  of  Equipment 

Bureau  of  Ordnance 

Bureau  of  Construction 

Bureau  of  Steam  Engineering 

Bureau  of  Supplies  and  Accounts. 
Bureau  of  Medicine  and  Surgery . . 
Marine  Corps : 

Pay  Department 

Quartermaster's  Department. . 

Kaval  Observatory 

Hydrograpbic  Office 

Total  running  expenses 

Increase  Navy : 

Bureau  of  Equipment 

Bureau  of  Ordnance  . . .'. 

Construction  and  machinery... 

Total  Increase  Navy 

Grand  total 


$7, 


300, 
240, 

7, 

509, 
757, 

163, 
219, 
95G, 
429, 
909, 
739, 
,273, 
125, 

713, 
286 
16, 


000. 00 
COO.  CO 
000.  00 

453. 14 
683.00 

750. 00 
488.  65 
025.  00 
324.  00 
972. 50 
900.  00 
892.  03 
000.  00 

409.  63 
383.  26 
500.  00 


$7,  300,  000. 00 

240,  000.  00 

7, 000. 00 

375,  709. 54 
1,  045, 244.  00 

103, 000.  00 
187,  0G5. 45 
956, 025. 00 
324,824.00 
969,  972.  50 
707,  900.  00 
1, 197,  532.  03 
105,  000.  00 

696,  478.  36 

254,  210. 50 

16,  500.  00 


14,  707,  84t  21 


14, 486,  461. 38 


305.  00 
000.  00 
352.  00 


250,  000.  00 

200,  000. 00 

6,  875,  000. 00 


9,  703, 657.  00 
24, 471, 498.  21 


7,  325,  000.  00 


$7,  475,  000. 00 

240,  goo.  00 

7, 000.  00 

703,809.54 
403,831.00 

276,  750.  00 

197,101.45 

1,131,  025.  00 

645,801.00 

919,972.50 

1, 017, 900.  00 

1,  287,  532.  03 

125,  000.  00 

702,  000. 03 
264,  210.  00 
23,956.03 
10, 000.  00 

15, 430, 889.  02 


0, 500,  000.  00 
5,  955, 025. 00 


12, 455,  025.  00 


21,  811, 461.  38 


27, 885, 914.  02 


The  total  amount  given  in  tlie  foregoing  statement  as  the  appropri- 
ations for  the  current  fiscal  year  does  not  include  the  appropriation  of 
6300,000  for  the  Naval  Review,  $200,000  for  naval-supply  fund,  and 
$192,600  continuous  appropriations  included  in  the  digest,  which 
gives  the  total  appropriations  for  1893-'94  for  the  naval  service  as 
$22,504,001.38. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  above  that  the  estimates  for  the  coming  year, 
wlien  items  in  last  year's  appropriations  and  not  in  these  estimates  are 
iuchided,  are  $5,381,852.04  in  excess  of  the  appropriations  for  the  pres- 
ent fiscal  year.  In  the  i^reparation  of  these  estimates  every  effort  has 
been  made  to  reduce  each  item  to  the  lowest  possible  point,  and  yet  I 
am  convinced  that  no  smaller  amounts  than  herein  designated  will 
sufiice  for  the  actually  necessary  expenditures  of  this  Department. 

The  excess  of  these  estimates  over  the  appropriations  for  the  present 
fiscal  year  is  due  to  the  fact  that  only  $200,000  was  appropriated  by 
the  act  of  March  3, 1893,  for  ordnance,  under  "increase  navy,"  whereas, 
under  same  head,  $0,500,000  will  be  required  during  the  coming  fiscal 
year.    This  great  diliereuce  results  from  the  fact  that  by  reason  of  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


449 


failure  of  armor  contractors  to  supply  armor  large  balances  had  ac- 
cumulated to  the  credit  of  this  fund,  and  these  balances  heretofore 
appropriated  are  being  utilized  to  pay  for  armor  and  armament  coming 
in  during  the  present  year.  The  sum  carried  in  the  present  estimates, 
$0,500,000,  will  be  all  needed,  because  of  the  prompt  deliveries  of  armor 
and  armament  now  being  made,  and  it  will  pay  in  full  for  all  the  guns 
and  armor  required  for  all  the  vessels  heretofore  authorized. 

Appropriations,  expenditures,  and  balances,  fiscal  year  ending  June  SO,  1893. 


Approrriatiom  ^^^^^^ .ira^n 


for  fiscal  year 
einling  June  30, 
1893,  exclusive 
of  public  works 


Pay  of  the  Navy 

Pay,  miscellaneous 

Gout iuggUt,  Navy 

Ma  fine  Corps : 

I'ay 

Provisions 

Clothing 

Fuel 

Military  stores 

Transportation  and  recruiting 

Repairs  of  barracks 

Forage 

Hire  of  quarters 

Contingent 

Naval  Academy : 

ray 

Special  course 

Repairs 

Heating  and  lighting 

Contingent 

Navigation : 

Transportation,    recruiting,    and 
contingent 

Gunnery  exorcises 

Naval  training  station 

Naval  war    college    and    torpedo 

school  

Ordnance : 

Ordnance  and  ordnance  stores 

Repairs 

Torpedo  station 

Civil  esta'olisbment 

Contingent 

Equipment . 

Equipment  of  vessels 

Civil  establishment 

Contingent 

Yards  and  Docks: 

Maintenance 

Civil  establishment 

Contingent 

Naval  Home,  Philadelphia,  Pa  . . . 

Repairs  and  preservation  at  navy- 
yards  , 

Ab.  93 29 


$7, 300,  000.  00 

240,  000. 00 

7,  000. 00 

687, 540.  85 
71, 188. 63 
75, 000. 00 
19, 500. 00 
13, 286.  50 
14, 000.  00 
16, 512.  00 
2, 800. 00 
6,  624.  00 
27,  500.  GO 

104,  205. 45 

5, 000. 00 

21,000.00 

17,  000.  00 

41,  800.  CO 


40,  000. 00 
6,  000. 00 
18,  000.  00 

8, 000. 00 

155,  000.  00 
30,  000.  00 

60,  000.  00 
26,  824.  00 

8,  000.  00 

925,  000.  00 
19, 025. 00 
12, 000. 00 

230,  000.  00 

61,  380.  69 
15,  000. 00 
70,  215.  00 

275, 000.  00 


fiscal  year 

ending  June 

30, 1893. 


Balances 

undrawn  June 

30, 1893. 


P.alances 

undrawn 

October  31, 

1893. 


$5,  081,  980.  33 
237,  631.  23 

1,  572.  76 

574,  606.  60 
71,185.98 
73,  601.  28 
19, 500.  00 
13, 148.  42 

13,  921.  51 

14,  709.  23 

2,  800.  00 
0,  024.  00 

27, 426.  83 

104.  SCO.  00 

1,C99.S0 

19,214.66 

16,  005.  35 

35,985.81 


26, 304.  94 

4,  318.  50 
17,881.00 

3,  894.  37 

115.  625.  20 
29,  274. 59 
54,  422.  64 
26, 168.  00 
5, 946. 18 

717, 333. 72 
19,  024.  96 

5,  439.  87 

210,930.48 
60,  002.  70 
14,  085. 19 
53,  326.  95 

238,  488.  41 


$1,  618,  019.  67 
2, 368.  77 
5,  427.  24 


$734,  458. 79 
3.61 
5, 100.  93 


112,874.25 

66, 307. 27 

2.65 

124.  05 

1, 395.  72 

3,172.04 

400. 52 

138.  08 

102. 13 

78.49 

172.  26 

1, 802. 77 

1,  288. 02 

73.17 

94.38 

65.45 

55.97 

3, 300. 20 

2,340.51 

1, 785. 34 

284. 08 

394.  05 

32.18 

5, 814. 19 

1,920.02 

13,  035.  00 

8, 728.  91 

1,  681.  50 

107.  37 

119.  00 

.95 

4, 105.  03 

77.25 

39,  374.  SO 

34,  500.  82 

725.  41 

233.  08 

5,  577.  36 

3,  300.  72 

650.  00 

699. 95 

2,  053.  82 

274. 70 

207, 006.  28 

77, 053.  39 

.04 

118.27 

6,  500. 13 

3,  855. 04 

19,  009.  52 

3,  564.  59 

777. 99 

1,  278. 49 

914. 81 

606. 37 

,   16,  888. 05 

2,  999. 18 

30,511.59 

1,  237.  60 

450 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


Appropriations,  expenditures,  and  lalunces,  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1S03. — Cout'd. 


Medicine  and  Surgery: 

Medical  department 

Kcpairs 

Contingent 

Supplies  and  Accounts : 

Provisions,  Navy 

Civil  establislnnent 

Contingent 

Construction  and  l.'epair: 

Construction  and  repair 

Civil  establishment 

Steam  Engineering: 

Steam  machinery 

Civil  establishment 

Contingent 

Total 


Approjiriations 
for  fiscal  year 

endinirJnneSO, 
1893,  exclusive 

oi  public  worts. 


$55,  000. 00 
20, 000. 00 
25,  000.  00 

,  090,  000.  00 
67,  532.  03 
40,  COO.  00 

950,  OOO.  00 
19,  972. 50 

650,  (!00. 00 

11,900.00 

1,  COO.  00 


Amount  drawn 

fiscal  year 

endini;  Juno 

30,  1893. 


$53, 444.  62 
13,  327. 32 
19, 375. 00 

925,  991. 80 
CO,  335. 19 
30, 933.  89 

850,  354. 17 
18,871.37 

588,  238. 97 

11,  799.  33 

736. 97 


Balances 

undrawn  June 

30,  1893. 


13,559,866.65       11,099,013.12 


161, 
1, 
9. 


555.  38 
672.  68 
625. 00 

008.  20 
196.84 
066. 11 

,  645,  83 
,101.13 

,  701. 03 
100. 67 
263. 03 


Balances 

undrawn 

October  30, 

1893. 


$20. 37 
10.38 
3.00 

21,731.89 

1, 477.  50 

759.  34 

25,  077.  78 
1,105.26 

21,398.07 
149.  OS 
60.  91. 


2, 460,  853. 53  I     1,  026,  691. 78 


As  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing:  exhibit — 
Tlie  approiiriations  for  current  expenses  for  tbe  fiscal  year  ending 

Jnne  30,  1893,  exclusive  of  public  Avorks,  amounted  to $13,  559,  866.  65 

Drawn  by  requisition  to  June  30,  1893 11,  099,  013. 12 

Balance  nndrawu  July  1,  1893 2,  460,  853.  53 

Drawn  by  requisition  from  July  1  to  October  31,  1893 1,  431, 161.  75 

Balance  undrawn  Xovember  1,  1893 1,026,691.78 

In  addition  to  the  undrawn  balance  on  November  1,  1893,  there  was 

in  the  hands  of  disbursing  officers  on  that  date 5,  577.  79 

Making  the  available  balance 1,  032,  269. 57 

It  is  estimated  that  the  following  snms  ai-e  due  from  this  balance: 

From  pay  of  the  Navy  to  officers  and  men $594,  654. 11 

From  pay  of  the  Marino  Corps  to  officers  and  men 41, 157.  80 

From  other  appropriations  for  outstanding  liabilities . . .     1.50, 000.  00 

785,  811. 91 

Apparent  available  balance 246,  457.  66 

This  balance  may  be  reduced  wlien  all  the  accounts  pertaining  to  the 
fiscal  year  have  been  finally  adjusted. 

PUBLICATION  OF  THE  NAVAL  WAR  RECORDS. 

Under  the  authority  of  Congress  the  work  of  collecting  and  classify- 
ing the  naval  records  of  the  civil  war  has  been  continued  during  the 
past  year,  and  the  Department  is  now  prepared  to  begin  the  publica- 
tion oftlie.se  very  imj^ortant  papers.  A  small  appropriation  has  been 
requested  to  defray*the  expenses  of  commencing  this  iniblication. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       451 

The  report  of  Lieut.  Commander  Kicliard  EiisL,  U.  S.  Navy, 
superintendent  of  the  naval  war  records,  is  herewith  appended,  and 
I  renew  most  earnestly  the  recommendation  of  former  Secretaries  of 
the  Kavy  in  commending  this  important  work  to  the  consideration  of 
Congress.  It  is  remarkable  that  when  so  much  interest  is  taken  in  col- 
lecting and  publishing  the  history  of  the  Army  during  the  civil  war 
the  achievements  of  the  i^avy,  equally  deserving  of  recognition,  should 
have  remained  so  long  nni)ublished. 

Hilary  A.  Herbert, 
Secretary  of  tJie  Navy. 


PAPERS 


ACCOMPANYING 


THE  REPORT  OF  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


REPORT  OF   THE   BOARD   OF  VISITORS   TO    THE    NAVAL 

ACADEMY,  1893. 

Washington,  D.  C,  June  15, 1S93. 
The  Secretary  of  the  Navy: 

The  Board  of  Visitors  to  the  Naval  Academy  assembled  at  Annap- 
olis on  ]\Ionday,  May  29,  and  were  officially  received  by  the  Superin- 
tendent and  the  heads  of  the  departments  and  escorted  to  the  parade 
gronnd,  where  they  were  received  by  the  marinie  guard  and  the  bat- 
talion of  cadets. 

The  Board  then  made  a  tour  of  the  Academy  and  visited  the  various 
buildings  and  departments. 

At  2  p.  m.  the  Board  convened  and  organized  by  the  election  of 
Senator  George  Gray  as  iDresideut,  and  Capt.  John  Wilkes  as  vice- 
president. 

Lieut.  Hugo  Osterhaus,  U.  S.  Navy,  reported  and  was  elected  secre- 
tary of  the  Board. 

All  members  of  the  Board  were  present  except  A.  P.  Morse,  esq., 
Senator  N.  Dixon,  Hon.  A.  J.  Cummings,  M.  C.,  and  Hon.  J.  H.  Blount, 
M.  G. 

Tlie  ])resident  announced  the  members  of  the  Board  as  follows: 
Senator  George  Gray,  Wilmington,  Del.,  president. 
Capt.  John  Wilkes,  Charlotte,  N.  C.,  vice-president. 
Senator  Nathan  F.  Dixon,  Westerly,  R.  I. 

Hon.  John  B.  Robinson,  JNledia,  Pa.,  House  of  Representatives. 
Hon.  Amos  J.  Cummings,  New  York  City,  N.  Y.,  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives. 

Hon.  James  H.  Blount,  Macon,  Ga.,  House  of  Representatives. 
Rev.  J.  H.  Bryson,  Iluntsville,  Ala. 
James  T.  Woodward,  esq.,  New  York  City,  N.  Y. 
Gen.  Jno.  B.  Castleman,  Lcmisville,  Ky. 
Vv'illiam  J.  Curtis,  esq..  Summit,  N.  J. 
Alexander  Porter  Morse,  esq.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Noah  Brooks,  esq.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
452 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       453 
STANDINCr  COMMITTEES. 

(1)  Conditions  of  admission  to  and  discharf/e  from  the  Academy. — 
Senator  Natlian  F.  Dixon,  Rev.  J.  H.  Bryson,  Capt.  Jolin  Wilkes. 

(2)  Subjects  of  study,  and  standard  of  scholarship. — W.  J.  Curtis, 
esq.,  Rev.  J.  H.  Bryson,  Noah  Brooks,  esq. 

(3)  Grounds,  hiiildings,  and  sanitary  condition. — Hon.  Amos  J.  Cnm- 
mings,  Gen.  J.  B.  Castleman,  Alexander  Porter  Morse,  esq.,  James 
T.  Woodward,  esq. 

(4)  Seamanshij),  ordnance,  and  nariyation. — Capt.  John  Wilkes,  Hon. 
J.  B.  Robinson,  Alexander  Porter  Morse,  esq. 

(5)  Discipline,  drill,  practical  exercises,  administration,  and  police. — ■ 
Gen.  J.  B.  Castleman,  Hon.  N.  F.  Dixon,  Hon.  J.  B.  Robinson. 

(6)  Steam,  mathematics,  physics,  and  mechanics. — Hon.  J.  B.  Robinson, 
Hon.  A.  J.  Cunnning's,  Capt.  John  Wilkes,  W.  J.  Curtis,  esq. 

(7)  English  studies,  modern  lanf/nayes,  dra icing,  physiology,  and  hy- 
giene.— Rev.  J.  H.  Bryson,  JSToah  Brooks,  esq.,  Gen.  J.  B.  Castlemtui. 

(8)  Finance  and  library. — James  T.  Woodward,  esq.,  W.  J.  Curtis, 
esq.,  Hon.  A.  J.  Cnmmings. 

(0)  Final  report. — A.  P.  Morse,  esq.,  Hon.  Amos  J.  Cummings,  Hon. 
N.  F.  Dixon,  Hon.  George  Gray. 


CONDITIONS  OF  ADMISSION  TO  AND  DISCHARGE  FROM   THE   ACADEMY. 

The  Board  after  full  examination  and  explanation  from  the  Superin- 
tendent, with  recommendations  by  the  Superintendent,  have  arrived 
at  the  following  conclusions  : 

Appointments  for  adiuission  to  the  Kaval  Academy  should  be  upon 
the  same  basis  as  appointments  to  the  Military  Academy.  To  the  ac- 
complishment of  this  puri^ose  we  recommend  that  the  Secretary  of  the 
Navy  urgently  press  upon  the  attention  of  Congress  the  necessity  of 
enacting  legislation  directing  that  the  appointments  to  the  Naval  Acad- 
emy be  made  one  year  in  advance  of  the  time  of  admission  to  the 
Academy. 

The  Board  further  recommend  that  the  commandant  of  the  Academy 
should  adopt  rules  ami  regulations,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Navy,  under  which  cadets  shall  be  admitted  on  probation 
of  three  months,  in  order  that  the  conduct  and  general  qualification  of 
each  cadet  for  admission  may  be  determined. 

The  Board  further  recommend  that  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  urge 
upon  Congress  the  passage  of  legislation  preventing  the  reappointment 
of  young  men  who  have  been  dismissed,  if,  in  his  opinion,  legislation  is 
necessary  to  prevent  such  reappointment. 

If,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  further  legislation  is 
necessary,  the  Board  recommend  that  rules  should  be  adopted  apply- 
ing to  dismissals,  and  defining  explicitly  what  misconduct  or  failure  in 
obtaining  academic  averages  shall  disqualify  a  person  Avho  has  been 
discharged  for  reappointment. 

SUBJECTS  OF  STUDY  AND  STANDARD  OF  SCHOLARSHIPS. 

The  Board  have  carefully  considered  the  curriculum  and  diligently 
inquired  into  the  methods  of  teaching  prevailing  at  the  Academy.  They 
take  pleasure  in  heartily  commending  the  institution  and  its  Avork,  and 


454  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

believe  that  under  the  present  system  of  instructiou  as  much  is  being 
accomplished  as  lies  Avitliin  the  power  of  teachers  and  pupils. 

They  urge  the  adoption  of  the  reconmiendatioiis  respecting  the  change 
of  system,  so  as  to  i)rovide  six  academic  years,  with  more  frequent  i)rac- 
tical  instrnction  upon  suitable  vessels  to  be  provided  by  the  JJe])artment. 
If  there  be  any  deficiency  in  the  present  system  it  is  the  small  amount 
of  practical  instruction  given  to  the  cadets;  but  over  tliis  the  present 
faculty  of  the  institution  have  no  control,  althongh  fully  recognizing 
its  defects. 

Your  Board  take  pleasure  in  expressing  their  warm  appreciation  of 
the  enthusiasm,  zeal,  and  earnestness  of  the  officers  detailed  at  the 
Academy;  at  the  same  time  we  feel  that  it  would  be  advisable  to  extend 
(}he  permanent  corps  of  teachers,  to  be  selected  from  any  rank  of  life 
and  not  exclusively  from  the  Kavy,  to  those  departments  of  study 
■which  are  not  special  to  the  Navy,  such  as  mathematics,  history,  con- 
stitutional and  international  law,  and  the  English  studies. 

Tlie  Board  further  suggest  the  importance  of  an  early  consideration 
of  the  desirabihty  of  the  consolidation  of  all  naval  schools  and  institu- 
tions under  one  managenient  at  Annapolis  as  conducive  to  economy, 
and  tending  to  furnish  cadets  the  advantages  of  the  system,  ap])aratus, 
and  iutluence  of  the  other  schools,  as  well  as  assembling  the  most 
efficient  instructors. 

GROUNDS,  BUILDINGS,  AND  SANITARY  CONDITION. 

The  Board  report  the  grounds  are  well  kept,  and  preserve  the  beauty 
and  neatness  that  have  characterized  them  in  former  years.  Nothing 
further  has  been  done  toward  grading  the  new  grounds,  and  the  work 
of  tilling  in  on  its  front  has  stopped.  The  last  Congress  failed  to  make 
any  further  appropriation  for  the  work.  In  its  present  condition  this 
ground  is  an  unsightly  feature.  The  Board  recommend  that  the  work 
be  completed  as  soon  as  the  resources  of  the  i)ublic  Treasury  will 
admit. 

The  grounds  of  the  naval  cemetery  have  been  surveyed  and  laid  out 
in  accordance  with  the  plans  of  the  Superintendent.  The  plots  and 
roads  are  marked  by  temporary  wooden  stakes.  They  ought  to  be 
replaced  by  i)ermanent  corner  stones.  If  the  footpaths  and  roadways 
were  cut  through  and  graded  it  would  enhance  the  natural  beauty  of 
the  cemetery. 

******* 

The  condition  of  the  buildings  on  the  Academy  grounds  is  apparently 
satisfactory.  The  quarters  of  the  cadets  are  clean  and  spacious,  the 
mess  room  answers  all  purposes,  and  none  of  the  public  buildings  are 
neglected,  Additions  are  needed,  however.  Before  any  are  made  the 
entire  plan  of  the  Academy  ought  to  be  changed.  The  cadets  Avork 
under  a  great  disadvantage.  Their  dormitories  ought  to  be  together 
and  their  gymnasium  not  so  far  from  their  quarters.  There  are  two 
heating  plants — a  gas  plant  and  a  small  electric  plant  put  up  in  the 
chemicaL  department.  It  has  been  suggested,  as  a  remedy,  that  the 
buildings  should  be  grouped  as  they  are  at  West  Point.  Such  group- 
ing would  undoubtedly  add  greatly  to  the  efficiency  of  the  Academy 
and  save  in  the  end  much  money. 

The  Sni)crintendent  says  that  the  best  interests  of  the  Academy 
demand  additions  to  the  buildings.  It  would  probably  be  economical 
to  provide  for  some  of  them  as  soon  as  possible.  Before  this  is  done 
the  Superintendent  advises  a  well-digested  plan  for  permanent  improve- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       455 

ments.  An  entire  reorganization  ouglit  to  be  made,  but  at  all  events 
tlie  plan  should  be  rigidly  adhered  to  in  the  construction  of  new  build- 
ings. 

To  this  end  the  Board  of  Visitors  recommend  the  appointment  of  a 
commission  to  be  selected  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  Avhose  dutj-  it 
shall  be  to  carefully  consider  the  wants  of  the  institution  and  to  formu- 
late a  general  plan  for  the  improvement  of  the  Academy.  The  order 
in  which  the  improvements  are  to  be  taken  up  might  be  left  for  future 
consideration. 

The  general  sanitary  condition  of  the  Academy  seems  to  be  good.  The 
approach  of  a  cholera  season,  however,  warns  us  that  we  can  not  be  too 
careful.  The  disposition  of  sewage  from  the  marine  barracks  is  defective. 
It  m  carried  into  a  shallow  pocket  near  the  barracks,  where  it  does  not 
get  the  sweep  of  the  tide.  At  low  water  the  ground  is  bare.  Pestilen- 
tial germs  may  be  disseminated  unless  prompt  action  is  taken.  An  iron 
pipe  is  wanted  to  carry  the  sewage  into  deep  Avater,  where  it  will  be 
swept  away  by  the  tide.  The  closets  in  the  barracks  also  need  a 
thorough  overhauling.  There  is  not  water  enough  to  flush  them  ijrop- 
erly,  and  they  are  dangerous  in  a  sanitary  sense.  There  are  many  of 
the  old-fashioned  pan  closets  in  use  in  the  quarters  of  the  officers  and  ■ 
cadets,  but  they  are  being  removed  and  replaced  by  the  latest  improved 
cascade  closets  as  fast  as  the  appropriations  will  permit.  The  closets 
for  the  cadets  need  prompt  reconstruction  on  a  new  basis,  and  a  boun- 
tiful sui)i)ly  of  water. 

The  Board  recommend  a  thorough  reconstruction  of  the  closet  sys- 
tem, believing  that  a  proi^er  regard  for  the  health  of  all  concerned  re- 
quires it. 

SEAMANSHIP,    ORDNA]^fCE,   AND   NAVIGATION. 

The  Board  have  witnessed  with  pleasure  the  drills  and  other  exercises 
coming  under  charge  of  these  divisions  of  instruction  in  the  Academy, 
and  report  in  high  terms  of  commendation,  but  regret  that  in  conse- 
quence of  bad  weather,  those  in  practical  seamanship  had  to  be  omitted. 

The  absence  of  suitable  vessels,  for  properly  carrying  on  the  impor- 
tant part  of  naval  education,  practical  seamanship,  has  prevented 
proper  instruction  in  this  part  of  the  course  of  studies,  and  they 
strongly  recommend  and  urge  the  detail  of  vessels,  sail  and  modern, 
tor  the  sole  use  of  the  Academy. 

The  time  given  to  the  branch  of  practical  seamanship  is  too  short. 
Sailing  vessels  are,  it  is  true,  things  of  the  past,  but  machinery  is  sub- 
ject to  many  accidents,  and  at  any  moment  the  commander  of  a  modern 
man-of-war  may  find  his  vessel  at  the  mercy  of  the  wind  and  waves, 
and  should  have  such  practical  knowledge  as  would  enable  him  to  use 
those  appliances  of  olden  times,  with  which  the  Kavy  then  did  the 
country  such  good  service,  and  themselves  so  much  honor. 

The  text-books  used  in  the  seamanship  department  are  foreign,  and 
treat  mostly  of  vessels  not  of  recent  type.  The  preparation  of  a  text- 
book, for  the  instruction  of  cadets  in  the  most  modern  methods  of  con- 
struction, our  own  as  well  as  those  of  the  advanced  shipbuilders  of 
Eurojie,  is  advised  ;  also  such  an  addition  to  the  class  room  of  working 
models  (in  miniature),  of  modern  vessels,  men-of  war  and  merchant 
steamers,  as  would  enable  the  professors  to  instruct  by  the  eye  as  well 
as  through  the  mind. 

The  ordnance  department  is  well  equipi)ed  with  modern  guns.  The 
practice  with  them,  both  at  quarters  and  in  tiring  at  targ-ets,  was  of 


456  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

liigb  eliicieiicy,  sliowing  good  instruction.  The  rifles  used  by  tlie 
cadets  are  not  of  late  modern  type,  and  should  be  replaced  by  others, 
as  soon  as  a  decision  is  reached  by  the  Navy  Department  in  regard  to 
the  small  arm  to  be  used  in  the  service. 

******* 

In  the  department  of  navigation  we  regret  that  the  equipment  for 
practical  instruction  in  this  most  important  branch  of  a  naval  officer's 
education  is  lamentably  deficient,  a  branch  that  is  increasing  each  day 
in  importance  as  a  factor  of  safety,  as  faster  vessels  are  being  added 
to  our  squadrons. 

Here  the  Board  find  old  instruments,  sextants,  etc.,  that  have  been 
in  use  for  twenty  or  thirty  years;  a  small  buildiug,  not  large  enough 
for  the  proper  accommodation  of  the  classes,  and  even  this  buildmg, 
dignified  by  the  name  observatory,  in  bad  repair.  The  Board  recoiii- 
mend  an  entire  new  outfit  of  instruments  used  in  practical  navigation; 
a  new  building  of  sufiicieut  size  for  properly  teaching  the  parts  of  this 
branch,  now  necessary  from  the  use  in  shipbuilding  of  steel  and  iron, 
which  cause  such  deviations  of  the  seaman's  guide,  the  conipass.  The 
Board  also  advise  the  employment  of  a  competent  machinist,  under 
whose  care  these  delicate  instruments  should  be  placed,  and  who  could 
at  once  supply  the  deterioration  that  must  occur  when  handled  by 
novices  in  their  use. 

The  Board  commend  the  general  proficiency  of  the  cadets  in  these 
departments  with  tlie  small  means  in  the  hands  of  the  professors  in 
charge  and  liope  that  at  a  very  early  day  the  departments  of  seaman- 
ship and  navigation  may  be  as  well  supplied  with  proper  helps  for  in- 
struction in  these  very  important  branches  as  the  ordnance  depart- 
ment now  is,  or  can  be  made  at  small  outlay. 

DISCIPLINE,   DRILL,    PRACTICAL    EXERCISES,    ADMINISTRATION,   AND 

POLICE. 

In  SO  far  as  the  enforcement  thereof  lies  witliin  the  authority  of  the 
officers  of  the  Academy,  the  Board  find  nothing  adverse  to  report  in 
respect  of  the  discipline,  drill,  police,  and  administration. 

The  only  matter  as  to  which  they  care  to  suggest  correction  is  in 
relation  to  liberty  allowed  to  cadets.  Social  privileges  should  be  so 
restricted  as  to  forbid  cadets  to  make  social  visits,  either  in  or  out  of 
the  yard  during  study  days ;  and  short  leaves  to  go  away  from  Annapolis 
should  be  absolutely  discontinued,  except  in  case  of  extreme  emer- 
gency. 

STEAM,   MATHEMATICS,   PHYSICS,   AND  MECHANICS. 

The  Board  have  no  report  to  make  other  tiian  to  commend  the  conduct 
of  these  dc[)artments  and  approve  of  the  course  of  studies. 

Attention  is  called  to  the  observatory  and  scientific  instruments 
located  tliere.  The  building  is  old,  roof  in  bad  condition,  causing  leak- 
age which  endangers  the  instruments.  A  new  building  should  be  built, 
fitted  up  with  the  newest  and  best  instruments.  The  present  nautical 
instruments  are  old  and,  having  been  in  service  a  long  time,  it  is  re- 
commended that  a  new  observatory  be  built,  which  shall  be  a  repository 
for  all  scientific  instruments,  sextants,  chronometers,  compass  compen- 
sating apparatus,  and  that  a  skilled  mechanician  of  some  scientific 
attainment  be  placed  in  charge  with  adequate  salary.  At  present  all 
the  valuable  scientific  plant  in  the  old  observatory  is  looked  after  by  a 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       457 

laborer,  unacquainted  with  the  iiroper  handling  or  ordinary  repair  of 
delicate  instruments,  such  as  are  now  stored  in  the  observatory  building. 

ENGLISH     STUDIES,    MODERN    LANGUAGES,    DRAVv'^ING,    PHYSIOLOGY, 

AND   HYGIENE. 

The  Board  have  had  a  free  and  full  conference  with  the  several  pro- 
fessors who  have  charge  of  the  course  of  instruction  in  these  depart- 
ments; the  methods  of  teaching,  text-books,  and  improvements  in  lines 
of  study  Avere  all  considered,  and  the  following  detailed  report  is  sub- 
mitted : 

(1)  In  the  department  of  English  studies  it  would  be  desirable  for 
various  reasons  to  enlarge  the  course  of  study  on  one  or  two  subjects, 
but  the  Board  see  no  way  to  accomplish  this  witliout  taking  from  the 
time  allotted  to  equally  important  studies. 

(2)  The- course  of  study  in  the  modern  languages  is  as  effective  as 
can  be  made  without  a  longer  period  at  the  Academy.  It  is  the  con- 
viction of  your  Board  that  the  study  of  the  Spanisli  language  should 
be  made  compulsory,  and  no  longer  optional,  as  it  now  is. 

(3)  The  department  of  drawing  is  well  adjusted  in  its  several  sec- 
tions, and  gives  the  best  opportunities  to  the  student  with  the  present 
curriculum  of  study  maintained  in  the  institution. 

(4)  The  department  of  physiology'  and  hygiene  is  much  cramped  for 
time  to  give  the  results  which  are  so  desirable  in  this  course  of  instruc- 
tion. The  importance  of  the  instruction  and  physical  culture  obtained 
in  this  department  can  scarcely  be  overestimated. 

The  professor  having  charge  of  this  course  of  instruction  is  urgent 
for  more  time,  and  the  enlargement  of  the  apparatus  needed  to  make 
the  course  what  it  ouglit  to  be.  But  manifestly  there  is  no  way  to  give 
more  time  to  this  most  important  course  of  instruction  unless  there  shall 
be  some  enlargement  of  the  academic  period. 

In  these  several  departments  the  professors  painfully  realize  that 
they  are  prevented  from  doing  the  eft'ective  work  they  desire,  because 
of  the  limited  time  the  student  can  give  their  respective  courses.  But 
unless  the  academic  period  is  lengthened  it  would  be  unwise  to  enlarge 
the  course  of  instruction  in  any  of  these  departments,  as  the  time  of 
the  student  should  have  an  equitable  distribution  in  all  the  academic 
courses. 


IN   CONCLUSION. 

The  Board  desires  to  express  the  great  gratification  which  has  been 
experienced  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  incident  to  their  appointment. 
The  Naval  Academy,  as  presently  organized  and  conducted,  is  an  honor 
to  the  nation  and  a  credit  to  all  those  who  have  in  any  w^ay  contributed 
to  its  development.  Eecurrent  international  obligations  and  relations 
involve  the  necessity  of  maintaining  a  well-officered  and  appropriately 
equipped  naval  establishment.  The  ]S"avy  is  an  institution  in  which 
every  intelligent  American  citizen  must  feel  a  peculiar  interest  and 
pride.  The  old  Kavy  was  the  glory  of  the  country  in.  the  days  that 
are  gone;  the  reconstructed  Navy  should  be  equally  the  object  of  the 
solicitude  and  pride  of  the  people  for  the  present  and  in  the  future.  All 
the  lessons  of  experience,  as  well  as  a  patriotic  impulse,  demand  that  a 
proper  solicitude  should  be  exercised  for  the  education  and  training  of 


458  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

ilie  youtli  enlisted  in  tins  important  braucli  of  tbe  public  service.  It  is 
the  character  of  tlie  personnel  of  a  service  -wliicli  determines  its  strength 
or  weakness. 

EEC03IMENDATI0NS. 


After  a  careful  and  diligent  inquiry  into  the  couditirins  and  needs  of 
the  Xaval  Academy,  the  Board  very  earnestly  urge  the  following- 
changes  in  the  course  of  instruction  of  naval  cadets: 

(1)  Tlie  standard  of  admission  to  the  Academy  should  be  lowered  in 
certain  respects,  and  some  of  the  branches  upon  which  candidates  are 
now  examined  should  be  taught  during  the  first  year. 

(2)  Candidates  should  be  admitted  about  June  1,  and  after  admis- 
sion shonld  remain  at  the  Academy  during  part  of  the  summer. 

(3)  The  cruise  of  the  cadets  after  the  four  years'  course  at  the  Acad- 
emy should  be  discontinued,  and  the  entire  cadet  course,  six  years, 
should  be  at  the  Academy,  aud  in  practice  ships  connected  witli  the 
Academy. 

(4)  The  present  four  years'  course  (without  material  addition  to  the 
studies)  shonld  be  spread  over  six  years,  with  longer  periods  allotted  to 
practice  cruises,  and  more  professional  instruction. 

(5)  *The  third  and  fifth  classes  should  have  practical  work  at  the 
Academy  from  May  22  to  July  15;  they  should  then  have  leave  until 
5th  of  October,  two  months  and  twenty  days,  and  no  leaves  should  be 
granted  to  other  classes. 

(())*  Four  classes,  first,  second,  fourth,  and  sixth,  should  make  a 
four  and  a  half  months'  practice. cruise  (June,  July,  August,  and  Sep- 
tember, and  eight  days  each  in  May  and  October). 

(7)  *The  practice  ships  should  have  a  commanding  officer,  an  exec- 
utive, and  two  instructors,  and  the  ships  should  be  otherwise  olficered 
by  cadets  of  the  first  and  second  classes,  who  will  perform  the  duties 
of  navigator  (under  the  supervision  of  an  instructor)  and  the  duties  of 
watch  and  division  officers.     (See  note.) 

The  luain  reason  for  the  reduction  of  the  standard  of  admission  as 
recommended  in  paragraph  1,  as  above,  is,  that  this  change  will  guar- 
antee strict  justice  to  candidates  who  have,  not  had  fair  facilities  for 
preparation,  and  will  give  to  representatives  of  all  sections  of  the 
country  equal  chances  for  admission.  It  will  break  up  the  pernicious 
system  of  '•cramming"  for  a  si)ecial  examination,  by  means  of  which 
many  indifferent  applicants,  witli  but  a  superficial  knowledge  of  the 
several  branches,  gain  admission  into  the  Academy;  aud  for  lack  of 
whi(-h  many  naturally  intelligent  youths,  whose  opportunities  have 
been  limited,  are  now  rejected. 

Tlie  subjects  or  parts  of  subjects  omitted  from  the  examination  for 
admission  as  now  prescribed  will  be  taught  during  the  first  year,  so 
that  proficien(^y  in  them  will  be  assured,  aud  will  be  determined  by  the 
student's  progress  under  the  system  of  instruction  pursued  at  the  Acad- 
emy. The  deficient  cadets  will  then  be  dropped  and  the  efficient  re- 
tained, after  an  intelligent  weighing  of  their  capabilities,  not  after  an 
examination,  tlie  resnlt  of  which  depends  lai-gely  upon  chance,  and 
which  does  not  show  the  real  proficiency  of  the  candidates. 


Tlio  numbers  of  the  curreut  vear  are  used  in  clesisuatins  classes. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       459 

II. 

The  Board  respectfully  invite  tbe  attention  of  tbe  Secretary  of  the 
Navy  to  the  advantage  of  the  appointment  of  a  commission  of  experts, 
to  be  composed  of  United  States  naval  officers  and  other  eminent  teach- 
ers or  instrnctors,  to  obtain  an  exhaustive  report  upon  possible  and 
practicable  reforms  and  improvements  in  matters  of  detail  in  the  cur- 
riculum and  the  academic  course  of  the  lN"aval  xVcademy, 

Geo.  Gray, 

President. 

Alexander  Porter  Morse, 

Chairman  of  Committee  on  Final  Report. 


BEPOET  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  THE  BUREACT  OF  YAEDS  AND 

DOCKS. 

Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks, 

Navy  Depart^ient, 
Washington,  J).  C,  Scjytember  30,  1893. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following-  report  of  the  Bureau 
of  Yards  and  Docks  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893. 
The  estimates  for  the  Bureau  for  this  period  were — 

Repairs  and  ])rcscrvatiou $500,  000.  00 

Gciioral  niaiuteuauce 500,  000.  GO 

Civil  establislimeut * 70,  G58. 14 

Improvements    1, 187,  270.  00 

Total 2,  257,  928. 14 

Congress  only  appropriated  the  following: 

Repairs  aud  preservation $275,  000. 00 

General  maintenance 2.30,  000.  00 

Civil  establishment 61.494.54 

Imxirovemouts 470,  244.  00 

Total 1,  036,  738. 54 

With  this  reduced  sum  it  has  been  my  constant  endeavor  to  keep 
the  various  navy-yards  aud  stations  in  a  state  of  efticiency.  The  sums 
appropriated  are  insufficient  to  avert  entirely  the  decay  and  deteriora- 
tion,'and  unless  larger  amounts  are  given  in  the  future  the  Govern- 
ment will  suffer  great  loss  by  reason  of  some  of  its  buildings  and 
works  being  beyond  repair. 

In  my  first  annual  report  I  said,  and  which  I  repeat — 

It  niustbeborue  in  mind  that  though  many  ofthe  navy-yards  are  closed,  and  thereby 
the  expenses  of  tlic  Navy  in  general  mnch  reduced,  the  Bureau  of  Yards  aud  Docks 
is  still  charged  with  keeping  them  in  repair. 

The  deterioration  upon  an  unoccupied  building  or  dock  is  as  great,  or  greater,  than 
when  occupied.  If  these  yards  and  stations  are  never  to  be  nsed  for  naval  purposes 
true  economy  would  be  to  sell  them.  If,  however,  the  Guveriinieut  is  to  hold  on  to 
them  for  an  emergency,  sound  jiolicy  requires  they  should  be  kept  in  repair. 

There  are  now  13  navy-yards  aud  stations,  exclusive  of  the  naval 
home,  containing  445  buildings,  storehouses,  and  workshops;  10  dry- 
docks,  19  railways  and  launching  ways,  35  derricks,  cranes  and  sheers, 
4  electric  plants,  many  miles  of  railroads,  of  wharves,  of  gas  and  water 
pipes. 


460  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

As  long  as  the  Govermneut  keeps  these  this  Biiieiiu  is  at  the  same 
expense  tomaiiitnin  tliem,  whetlier  there  is  any  work  going  on  intheni 
or  not. 

The  new  dry  docks  at  Port  ]loyal  and  Puget  Sound  are  progressing 
favorably.  It  has  been  deemed  advisable  to  make  certain  changes 
advantageous  to  the  Government  in  that  at  Port  lloyal.  This,  together 
with  the  destruction  by  the  recent  hnrricane,  will  dehiy  its  comx)letion 
about  a  year.  The  unusually  severe  winter  delayed  t\\e  commence- 
ment of  the  work  on  the  dock  at  New  York,  as  well  as  the  refusal,  for 
a  time,  of  the  contractor  to  sign  an  agreement  for  its  enlargement. 
ISTow,  however,  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  all  will  progress  satis- 
factorily and  the  work  completed  without  further  delay. 

Immense  traveling  cranes  have  been  installed  at  the  New  York  and 
Norfolk  navy-yards.  A  contract  has  been  awarded  for  one  for  the  Mare 
Island  yard.  Another  will  be  asked  for  for  the  League  Island  navy- 
yard. 

These  cranes  are  necessary  to  handle  armor  and  other  heavy  weights 
for  the  new  ships. 

There  is  a  great  necessity  for  increased  coaling  facilities  at  the  navy- 
yards.  It  is  recommended  that  a  coaling  pier  be  built  at  the  New  York 
navy-yard,  the  cost  ot  which  to  be  defrayed  from  money  received  from 
the  sale  of  land  to  the  city  of  Brooklyn. 

At  Key  West  it  is  very  important  that  a  coaling  pier  be  constructed. 

I  renew  my  former  recommendations  for  the  reorganization  of  the 
corps  of  civil  engineers,  having  for  its  object  the  increase  of  its  numbers 
sufficiently  to  place  the  construction  and  maintenance  of  all  the  public 
works  pertaining  to  this  Bureau  under  officers  skilled  in  them,  and  the 
selection  of  its  members  from  graduates  of.  the  Naval  Academy  who 
have  completed  a  course  in  civil  engineering. 

UNITED   STATES   NAVAL   HOME. 

The  history  of  the  Home  during  the  year  has  been  without  marked 
change.  On  July  1, 1893,  the  names  of  205  beneficiaries  were  borne  on 
the  rolls,  12  had  died  during  the  past  twelve  months,  and  14  had  been 
dropped  or  dismissed  from  the  institution. 

Under  the  able  management  of  Commodore  Oscar  F.  Stanton,  U.  S. 
Navy,  the  high  character  of  the  Home  for  contentment  and  happiness 
has  been  maintained  and  the  discipline  has  been  eminently  satisfactorx". 

The  requirements  of  the  naval  service  necessitated  a  change  in  the 
governors  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year,  but  the  new  governor,  Commo- 
dore E.E.  Potter,  U.  S.  Navy,  starts  his  term  with  the  experience  gained 
by  a  ])revious  detail  at  the  Home,  and  the  interests  of  the  innmtes  will 
be  well  cared  for. 

The  small  tract  of  land,  about  4  acres,  cut  off  from  the  Naval  Home 
reservation  by  the  Schuylkill  Biver  East  Side  Bailroad  Company,  has 
not  yet  been  sold,  although  repeatedly  recommended.  The  effect  of  the 
act  of  Congress  of  1885,  giving  the  aforesaid  railroad  the  right  of  way 
through  the  reservation,  separated  this  piece  of  land  from  the  main 
grounds,  and  since  then  it  has  been  of  little  benefit  to  the  inmates  of 
the  Home. 

I  would  earnestly  recommend  that  this  land  be  sold  and  the  proceeds 
be  used  in  erecting  suitable  buildings  to  add  to  the  comfort  and  amuse- 
ment of  the  beneficiaries. 

A  recreation  hall  is  suggested  by  the  Bureau  as  being  the  most  suit- 
able disposition  of  the  funds,  and  by  its  erection  the  greatest  enjoyment 
would  be  obtained  by  the  inmates  of  the  Home. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       461 

Tlie  statement  sliowiiig  the  amount  expended  under  eacli  specific 
liead  ot"  appropriati(  n  during  tlie  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,- 1893,  and 
tlie  balance  remaining  unexpended  June  30,  as  required  by  section  429, 
Revised  Statutes,  is  appended. 

Accompanying  this  report  is  an  abstract  of  offers  for  special  objects 
of  improvement  and  supplies  coming  under  the  cognizance  of  the 
Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks,  made  in  conformity  to  act  of  Congress 
approved  March  3, 1843. 

Also  a  report  showing  the  amount  expended  during  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30, 1893,  from  appropriations  pertaining  to  this  Bureau 
for  civilians  employed  on  clerical  duty  or  in  any  other  capacity  than 
as  ordinary  mechanics  and  workingraen  at  the  several  navy-yards,  with 
estimates  for  the  same,  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1895,  in  com- 
pliance with  the  third  section  of  naval  appropriation  act  approved 
January  30, 1885,  Vol.  23,  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  page  295. 
Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

N.  H.  Faequiiar, 

Chief  of  Bureau, 

The  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  THE  BUREAU  OF  EQUIPMEXT. 

Navy  Depart3ie]s[t,  Bureau  of  Equipment, 

Washington,  October  2,  1893. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  report  of  this  Bureau  for  tlie 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893,  and  the  estimates  for  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1895.  The  report  includes  the  business  operations  of 
the  Bureau  and  appended  are  the  reports  of  the  Superintendent  of 
the  Naval  Observatory,  of  the  Superintendent  of  the  Nautical  Alma- 
nac, of  the  Inspector  of  Electiic  Lighting,  and  of  the  Superintendent 
of  Compasses. 

The  report  of  the  officer  in  charge  of  the  observatory  at  the  Mare 
Island  navy-yard  is  also  forwarded  as  a  matter  of  general  interest. 

The  following  were  the  appropriations  for  the  Bureau  and  its  branches: 

Equipment  of  vessels $925,  000 

Contingeut 12,  000 

Civil  establishment 19,  025 

Increase  of  tlic  Navy 400,  000 

Naval  Observatory 32,  200 

Nautical  Almanac 10,  200 

By  strict  economy  in  expenditures  the  above  amounts  have  been  suf- 
ficient for  rerpiirements  and  no  deficiency  will  appear. 

At  the  Boston  navy-yard,  at  wliich  are  the  cliief  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments of  the  Bureau,  the  following  was  made  at  a  cost  of  material 
of  $33,743.02  and  of  labor  $45,767.85: 

III.  the  ropewalk : 

Hemp  rope pounds .  270,  810 

Wire  rope do. . .  52,  813 

Bolt  rope do...  14,632 

Marline,  codline,  liambroline,  liouseline,  etc do. ..  34,  973 

Total do...  373,258 


462 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


lu  the  forgo,  anclior  ami  chain  shop,  and  rolling  mill : 

Chain  cables  of  various  sizes l)onnils. .  271,  425 

Six  anchors,  total  weight do...     31,841 

Fifty-one  anchor  lashings,  21  shaiik  ])ainters,  21  ring  stoppers,  40  mar- 
line spikes,  1  mooring  swivel,  1  spare-anchor  shackle,  14  balancing 
shackles  and  clamps,  aggregating j)onnds. .       6,  545 

Total do . . .  309,  811 

111  addition  to  the  above  eij^lit  anchors  Avere  altered  to  the  standard 
pattern. 

There  were  rolled  313,855  pounds  of  iron  of  excellent  quality.  If 
scrap  of  proper  chemical  characteristics  were  obtainable  these  rolling- 
mills  could  supply  all  the  iron  needed  for  the  Bureau's  purposes. 

In  the  machine  shop  and  foundry  23,540  pounds  of  cliain  studs  vHud 
galley  parts  and  linings  were  manufactured. 

It  is  regarded  as  of  the  first  necessity  that  all  articles  of  the  above 
classes  should  be  of  the  highest  quality,  and  in  this  resx)ect  the  work 
done  here  is  a  standard. 

There  was  expended  abroad:  Equipment,  $358,592.28.  Of  this, 
$301,000.23  was  expended  for  33,797  tons  of  coal,  making  an  average 
cost  per  ton  of  $8.85. 

There  were  also  purchased  at  home  33,257.Po\^y-  tons  of  coal,  costing 
$147,909.01,  at  an  average  price  of  $4.48  per  ton. 

The  sum  of  $449,502.72  was  expended  for  material  and  labor  during 
the  liscal  year  iu  equipping  shij)s  at  the  several  navy-yards. 

Hemp  for  the  manufacture  of  cables,  towlines,  and  rope,  to  the 
amount  o'f  165^-.f-^;  tons,  was  purchased,  at  an  expenditure  of  $28,700.48. 

There  was  expended  in  the  sail  lofts  of  the  various  yards  the  sum  of 
$00,245.45  for  labor  and  $40,558.73  for  material,  and  in  the  rigging  lofts 
$20,097.48  for  labor  and  $28,757.04  for  material, making  a  total  expendi- 
ture in  these  lofts  of  $150,259.30. 

Of  the  total  of  00,590  tons  of  coal  used  during  the  year,  47,045  tons, 
or  71  per  cent,  were  used  for  steaming  and  18,945  tons,  or  29  x)er  cent, 
for  auxiliary  imrposes,  under  which  latter  head  are  included  electric 
lighting,  distilling,  heating,  flushing  water-closets,  cooking,  ventila- 
tion, and  steam  cutter  service. 

The  percentage  of  consumj)tion  lor  these  purx^oses,  so"  far  as  relates 
to  the  new  ships,  is  shown  herewith. 


Ship. 


Auxil- 
iary. 


Atlanta 

Bennington  ... 

Boston 

Baltiitiorc  ..... 

Bancroft 

Cliicaso 

Concord....... 

Charleston 

Gushing 

Doliihin 

Miajitonomoh 

!Moii(eroy 

jSTcwnrk 

Philadelphia  .. 

Petrel 

San  Francisco 
Torkto^-n 


Percent. 

i 

71 
■M 
67 
5:! 
47 
28 
39 
3 


Tliere  has  been  a  steady  advance  in  the  extent  and  character  of  the 
electrical  Avork  on  board  shij).     It  is  safe  to  say  that  the  electrical 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       46 


o 


eqnipineut  of  the  sliips  of  tlie  Xavy  affords  a  standard  for  marine  work. 
It  may  liere  be  noted  that  in  the  short  period  \\-hich  has  elapsed  since 
vessels  of  the  Concord  class  were  fitted,  dynamos  of  like  power  with 
those  furnished  these  ships  are  now  being  supplied,  having  only  three- 
fourths  the  weight  and  occupying  not  more  than  one-half  the  floor 
space. 

The  Bureau  feels  that  the  service  is  to  be  congratulated  upon  the 
work  done  by  the  officers  employed  in  this  specialty. 
Yery  respectfully,  ^  ^   ^    ^ 

¥.  E.  Chadwiok, 
Chief  of  Bureau  of  Eqinpinent. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Kayy. 


report  of  thje  superintendent  naval  observatory. 

United  States  Naval  Observatory, 

Georgetown  Heights, 
Vr'asMnnton,  Septemhcr  28,  1893. 
Sir  :  In  compliance  with  the  Bureau's  No.  2198,  dated  June  17, 1893, 
I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  annual  report  of  the  United  States 
Naval  Observatory  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1893,  accompanied 
by  a  duplicate  set  of  annual  estimates.     (Ax)pendix:  A.) 

^Tlie  naval  officers  on  duty  at  the  Observatory  at  the  beginning  of 
the  fiscal  year,  July  1, 1892,  were:  Capt.  F.  Y.  INIcNair,  superintendent; 
Commander  Joshua  Bishop;  Lieut.  Commander  Walton  Goodwin; 
Profs.  William  Harkness,  J.  li.  Eastnmn,  Edgar  Frisby,  S.  J.  Brown, 
and  Passed  Assistant  Engineer  A.  Y.  Zane.  Changes — reported  for 
duty:  1892,  Lieut.  WillianrH.  Beehler  on  July  28;  Lieut.  L.  C.  lieihier 
on  August  20;  1893,  Lieut.  A.  G,  Winterhalter  (temporarily)  on  Janu- 
ary l<i;  Lieut.  C.  C.  Marsh  April  8;  Ensign  A.  N.Mayer  March  1. 
Detached:  1892,  Lieut.  Commander  Walton  Goodwin  on  August  5; 
Lieut.  William  H.  Beehler, December  14.  Lieut.  A.  G.  Winterhalter,  on 
March  27,  1893,  was  assigned  to  special  duty  in  charge  of  Naval  Observ- 
atory exhibit  at  the  World's  Fair,  Chicago,  111. 

oil  May  15,  1893,  the  old  Naval  Observatory,  Twenty-third  and  E 
streets,  Washington,  D.  C,  was  fonnally  abandoned  as  an  observatory 
and  the  new  site  on  Georgetown  Heights,  Washington,  D.  C,  officially 
occupied. 

******* 

Few  observations  of  the  heavenly  bodies  have  been  made  since  my 
last  annual  report,  as  all  the  principal  instruments  were  undergoing 
repairs.  The  naval  officers,  assistant  astronomers,  and  computers  have 
been  engaged  in  supervising  and  inspecting  instruments  aiul  their 
accessories  while  being  dismounted,  repaired,  transferred,  remounted, 
and  adjusted;  in  establishing  the  position  of  the  new  Naval  Observatory 
(latitude  38°  o5'  14.68''  north,  longitude  S^"  08'"  15.71^  west  of  Green- 
wich), and  in  the  reduction  and  i)reparation  of  the  observations  on  hand. 

Chronometers  have  been  carefully  tested  for  changes  of  temperature 
and  rated,  and  together  with  sextants,  octants,  glasses,  clocks,  and 
other  naiftical  instruments  have  been  supplied  to  vessels  of  the  Navj", 
as  directed. 

The  time  of  noon,  seventy-fifth  meridian  west  of  Greenwich,  has  been 
sent  over  the  telegraph  wires  daily,  without  tlie  omission  of  a  single  day, 
Sundays  excepted,  and  facilities  have  been  extended  for  determining  the 


464  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

longitudes  of  localities  throughout  the  United  States,  when  requested. 
Inquiries  having  been  frequently  made  relative  to  obtaining  standard 
time  from  this  Government  Observatory,  I  quote  the  folloAving  from  a 
memorandum  to  the  Bureau  of  Equipment,  dated  March  12,  1892: 

(1)  As  a  Government  institution  the  obsei'vatory  diffuses  the  results  of  its  ohser- 
vations,  eitlier  tlireotly  or  indirectly,  as  widely  as  j)racticablc,  among  the  taxpayers 
"«ho  support  it,  and  therefore  have  the  right  to  particiiiate  in  the  benefits  arising 
from  its  ^vork. 

(2)  The  results  of  observations  for  clock  corrections  have  been  regularly  given  by 
means  of  telegraphic  time-signals  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  centurj-,  without  dis- 
tinction or  cost,  to  all  individuals  or  corporations  who  may  api>ly  and  provide  the 
necessary  a})])aratus  for  putting  the  signals  upon  their  own  lines. 

(3)  When  the  signals  are  once  upon  the  wires  it  is  manifestly  impossible  for  the 
observatory  to  control  either  the  range  of  their  distribution  or  the  accuracy  with 
which  they  are  transmitted  from  one  circuit  to  another.  For  that  reason  the  observa- 
tory limits  its  responsibility  to  the  furnishing  of  an  accurate  daily  signal  at  noon  of 
the  seventy-fifth  meridian  time.  It  has  nothing  whatever  to  do  with  the  distribu- 
tion of  these  signals  and  is  alike  iudifterent  to  the  extension  or  contraction  of  the 
time  service.  It  is  for  the  i^ublic  to  decide  whose  time-signals  they  prefer  and  how 
they  will  obtain  them. 

(4)  The  Naval  Observatory  has  special  directions  concerning  the  Government 
ofhces  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Prof.  William  Harkness,  U.  S.  Navy,  chief  astronomical  assistant  to 
the  superintendent,  has  been  employed  in  various  ways,  as  signified  by 
his  title,  and  esj)eciall3'  engaged  as  inspector  of  the  repairing  and 
remounting  of  the  2G-inch  equatorial,  the  9.G-inch  equatorial,  and  the 
prime  vertical  transit  instrument.     His  report  is  appended,  marked  B. 

Prof.  J.  E.  Eastman,  U,  S.  Navy,  Avas  chief  of  the  department  of  dif- 
ferential observations  until  May  10, 1893,  on  which  date  he  was  assigned 
as  chief  of  department  of  fundumental  observations.  He  was  inspector 
of  the  repairs  of  both  the  transit  circle  and  the  5,3-inch  transit  instru- 
ment, and  was  engaged  during  the  severe  winter  of  1892-'93  in  deter- 
mining the  longitude  and  latitude  of  the  new  Naval  Observatory,  and 
in  reducing  observations  for  publication.  His  report  is  appended, 
marked  C. 

Prof.  Edgar  Frisby,  U.  S.  Navy,  chief  of  departments  of  prime  verti- 
cal observations  and  miscellaneous  extra-meridian  observations,  in 
addition  to  his  work  in  these  departments,  was  engaged,  with  the  assist- 
ance of  Prof.  Brown,  in  completing  and  preparing  for  publication  the 
catalogue  of  stars  observed  by  the  late  Capt.  Gilliss,  U.  S.  Navy.  His 
report  is  appended,  marked  D. 

Prof.  S.  J.  Brown,  U.  S.  Navy,  has  been  chief  of  the  department  of 
differential  observations  since  May  10, 1893,  prior  to  which  date  he  was 
given  charge  of  other  departments,  owing  to  the  lack  of  officers.  He  has 
been  principally  and  diligently  engaged  in  assisting  Prof.  Frisby  in 
reducing  and  preparing  for  publication  tlie  Gilliss  zone  observations, 
made  at  Santiago  de  Chile  in  the  years  1850,  1851,  and  1852.  Prof. 
Brown's  report  is  appended,  marked  E. 

Coinmauder  Joshua  Bisho]>,  U.  S.  Navy,  chief  nautical  assistant  to 
the  superintendent,  has,  in  addition  to  the  general  supervision  and  dis- 
tribution of  nautical  instruments,  performed  the  duties  of  general 
storekeeper,  civil  engineer,  pay  officer,  and  "  captain  of  the  yard." 
Commander  Bishop's  report  is  appended,  marked  F. 

Lieut.  L.  C.  Heilner,  U.  S.  Navy,  chief  of  departments  of  chronome- 
ters and  time  observations,  in  addition  to  his  routine  work,  has  been 
engaged  in  perfecting  the  testing  room  for  chronometers.  He  was 
assisted  in  his  work  by  Ensign  A.  N.  Mayer,  U.  S.  Navy,  and  Computer 
Frank  E.  Bennett.     Lieut.  Heilncr's  report  is  appended,  marked  G. 

Lieut.  C.  C.  Marsh,  U.  S.  Navy,  is  chief  of  department  of  magnetism 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       415 

and  meteorology.  The  magnetic  buildings  were  taken  apart  at  tlie  old 
observatory  and  reerected  at  the  new  site.  The  removal  of  these  build- 
ings, instrumeuts,  and  piers,  together  with  their  remounting  and  ad- 
justment, occupied  the  greater  part  of  the  fiscal  year.  Lieut.  Marsh's 
report  is  ap^iended,  marked  H. 

The  library  is  under  the  supervision  of  a  committee  comi:>osed  of 
Profs.  William  Harkness,  J.  E.  Eastman,  and  Assistant  Librarian  Mr. 
William  D.  Horigan.  Assistant  Astronomer  H.  M.  Paul  jjerformed 
the  duties  of  librarian  until  October  15,  1892,  when  he  was  succeeded 
by  Mr.  Horigan,  who  has  since  filled  the  position.  During  the  fiscal 
year  1892-'93  the  accessions  were  742,  viz :  599  volumes  and  113  pam- 
phlets. Of  these,  311  Avere  received  as  exchanges  and  431  were  pur- 
chased. Upon  the  basis  of  last  year's  report  these  figures  indicate 
that  the  total  number  of  volumes  in  the  library  is  now  about  15,000. 

The  following  publications  were  distributed  to  the  regular  exchange 
lists: 


The  Washington  Observations  for  the  year 

1888  :  Appendix  1— Hall  (Asaph)  Observations  of  Donble  Stars,  1890-'91. 

1888  :  Appendix  2 — Hoogewerff  (J.  A.)  Magi;etic  Observations,  1891. 

1888  :  pp.  D.  1-60— Meteorological  Observations,  1888. 

Report  of  the  Superintendent  lor  1892. 

The  binding  for  the  library  has  been  falling  behind  for  some  years, 
and  at  present  there  are  upwards  of  1,500  volumes  awaiting  that  proc- 
ess. During  the  last  year  we  were  able  to  biud  only  79  volumes,  while 
the  unbound  volumes  added  to  the  library  numbered  nearly  500.  In 
September,  1892,  the  library  was  removed  to  the  new  site.  Since  then 
the  books  have  been  reclassified  and  arranged  in  their  permanent  places 
on  the  shelves.  The  index  numbers  in  the  books  and  on  the  shelves 
are  now  being  changed,  and  the  work  of  recataloguing  has  begun. 

A  description  in  detail  of  the  buildings,  instruments,  and  grounds  of 
the  new  observatory,  accompanied  by  plates,  is  being  prepared,  and  will 
shortly  be  published  asan  appendixto  an  annual  volumeof  observations. 
Verv  respectfully, 

F.  V.  McNair, 
Captain,  U.  S.  Kavy,  Superintendent  Naval  Ohservatory. 

The  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Equip]vient, 

Nai'y  Department. 

******* 

report  of  the  superintendent  of  the  nautical  almanac. 

Nautical  Almanac  Office, 
Bureau  of  Equipment,  Navy  Departiment, 

VVasMngton,  D.  C,  September  29, 1893. 
Sir:  In  compliance  witb  the  order  of  the  Bureau,  dated  June  17, 
1893,  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  of  the  work  of 
this  office  during  the  past  year: 

printing. 

The  American  Nautical  Almanac  for  1896  was  issued  in  October, 
1892.  The  American  Ephemeris  for  189(3  was  issued  in  June,  1893. 
The  American  Nautical  Almanac  for  1897,  and  the  Pacific  Coaster's 
Almanac  for  1894  are  now  in  press.  Of  the  Ephemeris  and  Nautical 
Almanac  for  1897,  323  pages  are  now  in  type. 
Ab.  93 30 


466 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


DISTRICrTION. 


During  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30. 1S93,  the  sale  and  distribution 
of  publications  has  been  as  follows: 


Publications. 


Sold. 


Distrib- 
uted. 


Issued  to 
public 


Total 
issued. 


American  Epbemcris 

American  ^Nautical  Almanac 
Pacific  Coaster's  Almanac  . . 
Astronomical  Papers 


638 

2,08" 
1,335 


507 

241 

66 

27 


1,854 

2,  328 

1,401 

300 


The  proceeds  of  sales,  amounting  to  $1,349.28,  have,  in  compliance 
with  law,  been  deposited  in  the  Treasury,  to  the  account  of  the  appro- 
priation for  public  printing  and  binding. 

NEW  TABLES  OF  THE  PLANETS. 

During  the  past  fiscal  year  the  work  of  comparing  the  best  existing 
tables  of  the  sun  and  inner  planets  with  all  available  meridian  observa- 
tions of  value,  and  forming  the  resulting  equations  of  condition  for  cor- 
recting the  elements,  was  substantially  completed.  Afterward,  however, 
the  data  necessary  to  make  the  series  complete  up  to  the  end  of  1892 
was  received  from  the  observatories  of  Greenwich  and  Strassburg,  and 
the  working  up  of  these  observations  is  now  nearly  complete.  Tlie 
formation  of  the  normal  equations  for  the  solution  by  the  method  of 
least  squares  is  rapidly  advancing.  This  work  would  be  very  long  and 
tedious  in  the  case  of  equations  containing  about  twenty  unknown 
quantities,  but  special  devices  have  been  employed  to  shorten  it. 

The  especial  thanks  of  the  office  are  due  to  tlie  Astronomer  Eoyal  of 
England,  and  to  Prof  Becker,  director  of  the  TJniversity  Observatory 
at  Strassburg,  for  the  communication  of  the  observations  made  at  their 
respective  institutions. 

Progress  has  also  been  made  in  a  number  of  investigations  necessary 
to  the  construction  of  the  new  tables,  some  of  which  were  mentioned 
in  my  report  of  last  year. 

(1)  The  reduction  of  meridian  observations  of  the  moon,  made  at 
Greenwich  and  Washington  since  1802,  in  order  to  determine  the  solar 
parallax  from  the  observed  value  of  the  moon's  parallactic  inequality, 
has  been  completed.  The  definite  result  is  not  completely  worked  out, 
but  will  not  difier  much  from  8".82. 

(2)  The  discussion  of  all  the  observations  made  on  the  small  planet 
Polyhymnia  from  its  discovery  in  1854  until  1888,  was  delayed  several 
years,  owing  to  the  inability  of  the  office  to  find  a  computer  possessing 
both  the  skill  necessary  to  complete  the  work  and  the  willinguess  to  do 
it  for  the  small  paj^  which  the  oflice  could  ofier.  Such  a  computer  was, 
however,  found  during  the  past  summer,  and  the  most  difficult  part  of 
the  computations  has  been  completed,  but  I  have  not  yet  been  able  to 
give  the  work  the  careful  and  definitive  examination  necessary  to  insure 
its  freedom  from  every  source  of  error. 

(3)  In  order  to  complete  the  discussion  of  all  the  contact  observa- 
tions made  at  the  transits  of  Venus  in  1874  and  1882,  I  have  felt  con- 
strained to  reexamine  all  the  observations  myself,  a  work  which  is  now 
in  progress.     This  work  is  therefore^  still  incomi)lete. 

(4)  A  development  of  the  perturbative  function  of  planetary  motion, 
which  was  nearly  comijleted  ten  years  ago,  has  been  x>i"<?P«ied  for  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       467 

press,  and  is  now  being  printed.     This  development  forms  the  basis  of 
all  the  theories  of  the  planetary  motions. 

(5)  The  compntation  of  the  secular  variations  of  the  planetary  orbits 
from  the  development  just  mentioned  is  a  necessary  part  of  the  work. 
It  has  suffered  some  delay  from  the  difficulty  which  I  have  exi^erienced 
in  working  out  the  best  methods  of  executing  it.  This  difficulty  has, 
however,  been  overcome,  and  the  work  is  now  making  rapid  progress. 

(6)  In  the  same  connection,  a  computation  of  certain  inequalities  of 
very  long  period  in  the  four  inner  planets,  made  two  years  ago,  has  been 
put  into  final  shape  and  sent  to  the  printer. 

(7)  The  solar  parallax  being  a  fundamental  element  in  all  astronom- 
ical tables,  its  determination  by  all  the  best  methods  available  has 
necessarily  formed  an  important  i:)art  of  the  work.  In  this  connection 
I  have  to  reiwrt  that  the  cooperation  of  Dr.  David  Gill,  Her  Majesty's 
astronomer  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  has  been  of  the  greatest  value. 
Several  years  ago  Dr.  Gill  devised  a  method  of  determining  the 
parallax  by  heliometer  observations  on  such  small  planets  as  chance  to 
api)roach  near  to  the  earth.  Astronomical  observers  in  both  hemi- 
spheres were  induced  to  cooperate  in  this  work  by  observing  Iris,  Sap- 
pho, and  Victoria.  The  reduction  of  the  entire  work  in  the  case  of 
these  planets  has  been  pushed  to  completion  iTnder  the  direction  of  its 
originator  and  the  several  results  communicated  to  this  office.  Among 
Dr.  Gill's  coadjutors  have  been  the  Eoyal  Observatory  of  Berlin,  with 
its  associated  office  of  the  Berliner  Astronomisches  Jahrbuch,  and  the 
Yale  Observatory  at  Xew  Haven. 

This  method,  and  that  from  the  constant  of  aberration  combined 
with  the  velocity  of  light,  may  fairlj'  rank  as  the  most  accurate  ones 
for  the  determination  of  the  solar  ])arallax.  The  results  are,  however, 
discordant  to  a  greater  extent  than  would  have  been  expected,  the  re- 
sults from  the  small  planets  being  8".810  and  that  from  the  velocity  of 
light,  so  fiir  as  the  data  have  been  worked  out,  about  S".791.  The' 
photographic  and  heliometer  observations  made  by  Americans  and 
Germans  during  the  recent  transits  of  Yenus  give  much  larger  results 
than  either.  Under  these  circumstances  it  may  be  imi)ossible  at  pres- 
ent to  decide  upon  a  value  which  all  astronomers  will  agree  to  be  the 
most  probable  one,  and  therefore  best  to  ado^it  a  provisional  one,  sub- 
iect  to  future  correction. 

Yery  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

S,  Newcomb, 
Superintendent  JS^autical  Almanac. 
The  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Equipment, 

Xavy  Bepartnient. 


EEPOE.T  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  THE  BUEEAU  OF  IvTAYIGATIOK. 

Bureau  of  Navigation, 

IS;  AVY  Department, 
Washington,  D.  C,  October  13,  1893. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  a  report  (marked  A)  of 
the  movements  and  duties  of  the  ships  of  the  JSTavy  during  the  past 
year,  a  copy  (marked  B)  of  the  report  of  the  superintendent  of  the 
Naval  Academy,  a  copy  (marked  C)  of  the  report  of  the  commandant 
of  the  Training  Station,  and  a  copy  (marked  D)  of  the  report  of  the  hy- 
drographer  to  the  Bureau  of  Navigation. 


468  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Estimates  for  tlie  sup]>ort  of  tlio  Bureau,  the  Naval  Academj',  the 
Training  Station,  tlie  Naval  War  College  and  Torpedo  School,  and 
the  llydrographic  Office  are  also  submitted  (marked  E). 

During  the  year  the  If'eic  York,  Monterey,  Detroit,  Machias,  and  Ban- 
croft have  l^ceu  commissioned  for  service.  The  Atlanta,  Constellation, 
Essex, aud  Alert  have  been  put  out  of  commission. 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  iiostal  subsidy  act,  approved 
March  3,  1891,  and  at  the  request  of  the  Postmaster-General,  eight 
American  steamships  have  been  inspected,  tested  for  speed,  and  class- 
ified since  October  25,  1892. 

During  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893,  4,350  me.'i  and  646 
apprentices  were  enlisted  or  reenlisted  in  the  Kavy — 1,067  men  on 
board  of  cruising  ships,  3,012  men  and  646  apprentices  on  board  of 
receiving  ships  and  at  ports  where  there  are  naval  stations,  144  men  for 
the  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  and  127  men  for  the  vessels  of  the  Fish 
Commission;  1,777  men  and  1,004  boys,  candidates  for  enlistment  on 
board  of  the  receiving  ships,  were  rejected  for  physical  disqualifica- 
tions, and  4,192  men  and  173  boys  were  rejected  for  other  causes;  3,202 
men  and  422  apprentices  were  discharged — 2,156  by  reason  of  expira- 
tion of  enlistment,  140  for  disability,  174  by  reason  of  services  being 
no  longer  required,  756  at  their  own  request,  129  men  by  request  of 
their  commanding  officers,  107  for  bad  conduct,  53  on  account  of  illegal 
enlistment,  and  109  for  inaptitude;  939  men  and  320  apprentices  de- 
serted during  the  year.  Of  this  number  776  men  and  303  apprentices 
deserted  in  home  ports.     Forty-two  men  and  6  boys  died. 

The  number  of  enlisted  men  serving  under  continuous-service  certifi- 
cates June  30,  1893,  was  1,640. 

Four  thousand  three  hundred  and  eighteen  dollars  and  fifty  cents 
have  been  paid  to  enlisted  men  in  prizes  for  target  practice  with  great 
guns,  machine  guns,  and  small  arms  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30. 1893. 

Under  sections  4756  and  4757  of  the  Eevised  Statutes,  26  pensions 
have  been  allowed  and  15  disalloAved. 

The  constant  demand  for  vessels  to  protect  American  interests  makes 
it  necessary  that  our  squadrons  in  foreign  waters  shall  be  increased  as 
rapidly  as  the  vessels  now  under  construction  become  available. 
Twelve  of  these  vessels  will  be  completed  by  the  end  of  the  present 
fiscal  year,  but  it  will  be  impossible  to  commission  them  for  service 
unless  the  enlisted  force  of  the  ISTavy  is  increased. 

Your  attention  is  invited  to  the  necessity  of  a  law  which  will  enable 
enlisted  men  of  the  Navy  to  become  citizens  of  the  United  States 
without  forfeiting  their  continuous  service  in  the  Navy. 

Under  section  1573  of  the  Eevised  Statutes  and  the  Eegulations  of 
the  Navy,  men  must  reenlist  within  three  months  after  each  discharge 
in  order  to  obtain  the  benefits  of  honorable  discharge  and  of  continu- 
ous service.  It  is  most  desirable  that  all  enlisted  men  of  the  Navy 
shall  be  continuous-service  men,  and  it  seems  but  just  that  the  privi- 
leges granted  to  enlisted  men  of  the  Army  by  section  2166  of  the  Ee- 
vised Statutes  shall  also  be  granted  to  the  enlisted  men  of  the  Navy. 

In  1890  a  seaman  giumer,  educated  by  the  Government,  after  seven 
years  (continuous  service,  was  refused  citizenshij)  in  New  York.  In 
the  same  year  a  man  who  had  served  more  than  twenty-one  years  in 
the  Marine  Corps  was  refused  citizenship  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 
The  Commissioner  of  Pensions  has,  under  the  act  of  March  1,  1893, 
suspended  the  payment  of  a  pension  awarded  under  section  4756  of 
the  Eevised  Statutes  to  a  man  who  has  served  in  the  Navy  more  than 
twenty  one  years. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       469 

Tt  is  found  from  the  records  of  tlie  Naval  Academy  that  the  law 
passed  March  2,  1889,  increasing  the  age  limit  of  candidates  for  ad- 
mission to  that  institution,  has  not  been  beneficial.  The  average  age 
at  admission  of  the  cadets  who  have  completed  the  six  years'  course 
during  the  past  five  years  was  16  years  and  8  mouths.  The  average 
age  of  candidates  for  admission  who  were  rejected  mentally,  during 
the  same  years,  was  17  years  and  7  months.  The  average  age  of  the 
twenty-six  candidates  who  were  rejected  mentally  in  the  recent  exam- 
ination for  admission,  September  2,  was  17  years  and  11  months. 

The  efficiency  of  the  service  requires  some  legislative  action  in  re- 
gard to  its  personnel.  It  is  most  important  that  officers  shall  reach 
command  rank  while  in  the  prime  of  life.  The  nece;^sity  which  now 
exists  of  regularly  ordering  officers  to  perform  the  sea  duties  of  a  higher 
grade  than  the  rank  they  hold,  thereby  increasing  their  actual  ex- 
penses without  giving  them  the  increased  rank  and  compensation  of 
the  position  in  which  they  are  serving,  has  an  injurious  effect  upon 
the  Kavy. 

Very  respectfully, 

F.  M.  Ramsay, 
Chief  of  Bureau. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Navy.  # 


REPORT  OF  THE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  THE  NAVAL  ACADEMY. 

U.  S.  Naval  Academy, 
Annapolis,  Md.,  October  2,  1893. 
Sir:  (1)  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  a  report  of  the  operations  of 
the  U.  S.  Naval  Academy  during  the  past  academic  year. 

(2)  At  the  annual  examination  in  June,  1893,  38  naval  cadets  of  the 
line  division  and  G  of  the  engineer  division  completed  the  four  years' 
course  at  the  Academy  and  received  certificates  of  i:)roficiency.  Of  the 
38  cadets  of  the  line  division  who  completed  the  four  years'  course  as 
above,  3  were  honorably  discharged, — 2  at  their  own  request  and  1  on 
account  of  physical  disqualification  for  the  naval  service. 

(3)  At  the  same  examination  32  naval  cadets  of  the  line  division 
and  7  of  the  engineer  division,  having  comj^leted  their  six  years'  service 
as  naval  cadets,  were  examined  for  final  graduation.  Thirty  eight  of 
the  above  passed  the  professional  examination  and  received  certificates 
of  graduation,  3  were  found  i)hysically  disqualified  for  the  naval  serv- 
ice, and  were  honorably  discharged;  1  was  found  deficient  and  droj^ped. 

(4)  The  assignments  of  this  class  to  the  several  corps  of  the  Navy 
were  as  follows : 

To  the  line  of  the  Navy 22 

TotheEufjineer  Corps 7 

To  the  Marine  Corps 6 

(5)  At  the  commencement  of  the  present  academic  j^ear,  October  1, 
1893,  the  numbers  in  the  several  classes  were : 

First  class,  line  division 34 

First  class,  engineer  division 13 

Second  class 49 

Third  class 54 

Fourth  class 93 

Total ^ 243 


470  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

(6)  The  U.  S.  kS.  Bancroft^  assigned  by  the  Department  as  a  naval 
cadet  training  and  practice  vessel,  arrived  at  Annapolis  July  21,1893, 
and  was  turned  over  to  the  Academy  July  28.  By  direction  of  the 
Department  she  is  kept  in  readiness  for  sea  service,  except  that  i)erish- 
able  stores  have  been  transferred  to  the  navy-yard  at  Norfolk,  Va. 

(7)  The  Constellation  sailed  from  the  Academj-  Sex)tember  25  foral^Tor- 
folk,  Ya.,  where  she  is  now  undergoing  repairs. 

(8)  The  ])rescribed  course  of  studies  has  been  followed,  but  the  pro- 
gram of  drills  and  exercises  was  necessarily  modified  to  meet  the 
unexpected  contingency  of  being,  for  a  time,  without  a  vessel  suitable 
for  seamanship  drills. 

(9)  For  the  want  of  funds  little  progress  has  been  made  in  the 
improvement  of  the  new  grounds. 

(10)  The  new  boiler  house,  for  the  building  and  fitting  of  which  Con- 
gress at  its  last  session  appropriated  $26,000,  is  in  course  of  construc- 
tion, and  it  is  believed  that  it  will  be  ready  for  use  about  January  1, 
1894. 

(11)  No  satisfactory  bids  having  been  received  for  the  erection  of  two 
double  houses  for  officers'  quarters,  it  is  not  exi)ected  that  they  will  be 
ready  for  occupancy  before  the  beginning  of  the  next  academic  year. 

(12)  The  rebiiilding  of  the  gymnasium  has  been  comi^leted  with  satis- 
factory results.  There  is  now  ample  sx)ace  on  the  main  floor,  and  it  is 
fitted  with  modern  appliances  of  the  most  approved  iiattern.  In  the 
basement  there  are  three  spacious  dressing  rooms,  a  large  plunge  bath, 
three  ordinary  bathrooms,  a  shower  and  a  needle  bath,  and  other  con- 
veniences. 

(13)  In  my  last  annual  report  it  is  stated: 

It  is  urgently  recommended  tliat  iiowerbe  given  by  statute  to  the  Superintendent 
of  the  Naval  Academy  to  order  courts  of  inquiry  for  the  investigation  of  serious 
offenses  committed  by  navel  cadets.  It  has  been  found  difScult  to  establish  the 
guilt  of  those  who  commit  the  two  gravest  oifeuses — hazing  and  gouging — and  failure 
to  detect  and  bring  to  punishment  ofifenders  of  this  class  has  an  injurious  effect  upon 
the  discipline  of  tlie  Academy. 

It  is  believed  that  the  cadets  who  commit  these  acts  are  encouraged  to  do  so  by 
the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  detection,  which  difficulties  would  be  removed  if  formal 
sworn  testimony  could  be  taken.  The  enactment  of  such  a  statute  would  in  itself  so 
greatly  tend  to  breaking  up  these  practices  that  the  necessity  for  the  exercise  by  the 
Superintendent  of  the  power  conferred  upon  him  would  not  be  of  frequent  occurrence. 

This  recommendation  is  respectfully  renewed. 

(14)  Appended  hereto  are  a  statement  of  the  appropriation  for  the 
support  of  the  Naval  Academy  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1803, 
the  report  of  the  commanding  officer  of  the  practice  ship  Constellation, 
and  a  synopsis  of  the  journal  of  that  ves.sel  during  the  last  cruise.  [Not 
published.] 

Very  respectfull}^,  your  obedient  servant, 

R.  L.  Phythtan, 
Captain,  U.  8.  Navy,  Superintendent. 

The  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Navigation, 

Navy  Department,  Washington,  B.  C. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       471 
REPORT  OF  THE  COMMANDANT  OF  THE  NAVAL  TRAINING  STATION. 

CoiMiyiAND ant's  Office, 
TJ.  S.  Naval  Training  Station, 

Xeuyort,  E.  I.,  July  18,  1893. 

Sir:  During  the  year  ending  June  30,  1893,  tliere  have  been  under 
training  at  this  station  879  apprentices.    Of  these  there  were— 

At  station  June  30,  1892 = 247 

Received  to  July  1,  1893 632 

Transferred '*4^ 

Discharged - ^^'^ 

Deserted ■ =  -  -     H 

At  station  Juno  30,  1893 309 

Of  those  received  there  were — 

Enlisted  at  station,  Richmond 21 

Enlisted  at  New  York,  Minnesota 396 

Enlisted  at  Pliiladelphia,  St.  Lonis 70 

Enlisted  at  Vrasbiugton,  Dale 81 

Enlisted  at  Erie,  Michigan 33 

Enlisted  at  Boston,  Wabash 25 

Received  from  desertion 1 

Received  by  transfer 5 

There  were  transferred  from  the  station  to  ships — 

Jamestoun 18 

Portsmouth 236 

Wahash  (hospital) 2 

Monongahela 182 

Minnesota 6 

Philadelphia 1 

There  have  been  discharged  from  the  service  for — 

Inaptitude 78 

Physical  disability 12 

Request  of  parents  or  guardians 5 

Illegal  enlistment 18 

Bureau's  order 1 

There  have  been — 

Desertions 11 

Largest  number  at  station  on  October  15,  1892 394 

Smallest  numl)er  at  station  on  De.cember  24,  1892 147 

Average  number  (daily) 272 

Tlie  divisional  system  of  training,  as  described  in  mj^  report  of  last 
year,  has  been  continued;  the  detail  of  the  work  has  been  thoroughly 
systematized  and  its  "  Eoutine  and  Eegulations  "  printed  and  forwarded 
to  the  Bureau.  Persistent  effort  has  been  made  to  improve  in  the 
manner  and  matter  of  instruction,  in  discipline,  and  in  the  general 
care  of  the  apprentices, 

*  *  ■    *  #  *  *  * 

The  general  health  of  the  station  has  been  good.  There  have  been 
no  deaths.  I  append  the  report  of  the  surgeon,  who  has  continued  his 
quarterly  measurements  of  apprentices,  and  finds  the  results  of  regu- 
lar hours  of  work  and  ])lay,  good  diet,  and  the  "  development  drill"  to 
be  the  same  as  reported  last  year. 

From  tabulated  statement,  it  will  be  noticed  that  desertion  has  fallen 
from  the  30  of  last  year  to  11  this.  The  requirements  in  conduct,  in 
orderly  habits  of  dress,  and  in  personal  cleanliness,  have  been  greater 
than  those  of  last  year.    The  petty  officers  have  been  better  ui)  to 


472  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

tlieir  work  from  further  experience  iu  its  performance,  yet  tLe  percent- 
age of  apprentices  requiring  a  more  severe  punishment  than  demerits 
lias  been  raised  but  2  per  centum  from  25  i)er  centum  of  last  year. 

******* 

I  suggest  that  this  station  be  made  the  headquarters  of  all  appren- 
tices, and  that  a  vessel  of  sufficient  capacity,  as  Lancaster,  be  moored 
here  as  their  receiving  ship;  that  to  her  all  apprentices  be  transferred 
on  the  completion  of  their  training  or  cruises  in  general  service  and 
be  kept  under  drill  and  instruction,  those  awaiting  discharge  on  ma- 
jority or  who  have  been  three  years  in  the  general  service  receiving  a 
special  course.  The  ship  should  be  particularly  litted  for  instruction 
in  ordnance,  now  very  imperfectly  picked  up  about  the  shoi^s  at  the 
Washington  yard.  At  the  torpedo  station,  which  should  be  a  depart- 
ment of  the  training  station,  the  apprentices  to  be  given  such  instruc- 
tion as  is  there  now  given  to  candidates  for  the  rating  of  seamen  gun- 
ner. From  this  ship  all  leaves  to  be  granted,  all  drafts  to  general 
service  taken,  and  on  attaining  majority  all  discharges  made. 

Apprentices  reenlisting  would  be  better  men  for  the  general  service, 
and  those  not  rei^nlisting  Avould  return  to  their  homes  better  litted  for 
service  to  the  country  in  case  of  war,  or  for  usefulness  as  citizens  in 
time  of  peace,  than  if  discharged  after  a  period  of  idleness  from  the 
Minnesota  or  the  receiving  ships  at  the  navy-yards. 

In  conclusion,  I  have  to  urge  the  necessity  of  action.  The  training 
system  should  either  be  put  on  a  footing  its  importance  to  the  service 
and  country  merits  or  be  abandoned.  Last  winter  for  months  300  to 
400  boys  lived,  drilled,  slept,  and  received  instruction  in  one  building 
of  two  stories,  150  feet  by  50  feet.  Order,  discipline,  and  cleanliness 
were  maintained.  There  was  no  sickness  and  there  was  a  good  deal  ol 
recreation. 

******* 

Very  respectfully, 

r.  M.  Bttnce, 
Captain,  U.  8.  Navy,  Command fn^t. 
The  Chief  Bureau  of  Navigation, 

Navy  Department. 

report  of  the  hydrogkapher  to  bureau  of  navigation 

Hydrogeaphic  Office,  Bureau  of  Navigation, 

Navy  Department, 
Washington,  October  1,  1893, 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  of  the  work  o.' 
this  office  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893. 

The  office  was  in  charge  of  Lieut.  Commander  Eichardson  Clover,  U. 
S.  Navy,  Hydrographer,  until  May  31,  on  which  day  he  was  relieved  by 
Commander  Charles  B.  Sigsbee,  U.  S.  Navy,  who  then  became  Hydrog- 
rapher. 

chart  CONSTRUCTION. 

With  the  completion  of  the  Uawaiian  cable  survey,  authorized  under 
the  act  of  INIarch  2,  1891,  the  results  of  which  were  transmitted  by  the 
President  to  Congress  in  July,  1892,  and  published  by  Joint  resolution 
of  the  Houses  of  Congress  as  iSenate  Ex.  Doc.  No.  153,  Fifty-second 
Congress,  first  session,  and  the  survey  of  the  Chicago  lake  front,  the 
results  of  which  were  received  from  the  commanding  officer  of  the  U. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       473 

S.  S.  MicMgan  iu  October,  1892,  and  were  piiblisLed.  iu  April,  1893,  as 
Hydrographic  Office  Engraved  Chart  No.  13G5,  the  recent  surveying 
operations  were  brought  to  a  close,  with  the  exception  of  the  survey  of 
the  west  coast  of  Lower  California  which,  during  the  winter  of  1892 
and  1893,  was  extended  by  the  completion  of  the  main  triangulation 
between  Abreojos  Point  and  Pequefia  Bay  and  by  the  development  of 
a  portion  of  the  hydrography  within  those  limits.  Preparations  have 
been  made  under  the  direction  of  the  commanding  officer  of  the  ,U.  S. 
S.  Thetis  to  complete  the  hydrographic  work  between  Abreojos  Point 
and  Pequefia  Bay  during  the  next  surveying  season,  and  to  extend  the 
survey  to  the  southward  of  Pequeha  Bay. 

During  the  year  58  charts  were  completed  and  published,  54  of  which 
are  engraved  on  copper  and  the  renuiinder  lithographed  or  transferred 
iu  part  from  the  previously  published  engraved  charts.  The  general 
localities  covered  by  these  new  charts  are  Canada,  Brazil,  and  China, 
and  the  East. 

There  are  now  727  engraved  plates  available  for  the  printing  of  nau- 
tical charts  for  the  use  of  the  Navy  and  the  mercantile  marine.  Exclu- 
sive of  the  issue  of  the  Pilot  Chart  of  the  North  Atlantic  Ocean,  which 
has  been  satisfactorily  published  by  the  Division  of  Chart  Construction 
since  September  last  at  the  rate  of  3,700  copies  per  month,  there  have 
been  produced  for  the  use  of  mariners  41,513  copies  of  nautical  charts, 
in  which  the  latest  available  information  has  been  incorporated. 

The  series  of  general  coast  charts  of  the  Western  Hemisiihere,  from 
Labrador  on  the  east  coast  and  California  on  the  west,  to  the  Strait  of 
Magellan,  has  been  completed  with  the  exception  of  the  chart  of  the 
coast  of  Yeneznela,  which  remains  unsurveyed  with  sufficient  accuracy 
and  detail  to  admit  of  the  construction  of  a  reliable  chart.  The  chart 
of  the  Strait  of  Magellan,  from  Sandy  Point  to  Cape  Pillar,  which  was 
withdrawn  in  1885  on  account  of  the  extensive  changes  which  were 
rendered  necessary  by  the  British,  German,  and  Chilean  surveys  then 
and  since  in  progress  there,  has  been  reconstructed  and  again  issued. 

The  recent  publication  of  the  charts  of  the  coast  of  China,  from 
Amoy  to  Shanghai,  and  of  Japan  from  Yokohama  to  Hakodate,  pro- 
vides a  series  of  general  coast  charts,  embracing  the  waters  of  China 
and  the  East  from  the  Strait  of  Sunda  and  the  southern  passages  to 
the  China  Sea,  to  the  Island  of  Yeso  or  Hokushu  at  the  northern 
extremity  of  the  Empire  of  Japan,  with  the  exception  of  that  portion 
of  the  coast  lying  between  the  mouth  of  the  Yangtze  Kiang  and  the 
Shantung  Promontory,  concerning  which  better  data  are  needed  than 
are  at  present  available. 

To  gain  the  fullest  benefit  in  the  future  from  the  large  outlay  that 
has  already  been  made  for  the  construction  and  engraving  of  charts, 
preparations  have  been  made  to  electrotype  altos  of  all  the  important 
unelectrotyped  original  chart  plates  so  that  there  will  be  the  same 
means  at  hand  for  economically  reproducing  the  printing  plates  after 
the  original  ones  have  been  worn  out. 

******* 

The  compilation  of  a  Pilot  Chart  for  the  North  Pacific  Ocean  has  been 
commenced,  with  a  view  of  presenting  at  convenient  intervals,  in 
graphic  form,  whatever  of  interest  and  value  to  the  maritime  commu- 
nity of  the  Pacific  coast,  is  now  available  for  publication,  and  also  of 
having  some  means  of  rendering  immediately  available  for  the  benefit 
of  mariners  such  data  for  extending  the  knowledge  of  the  physical  and 
meteorological  features  of  the  Pacific  as  may  from  time  t^o  time  be 
collected.  ' 


474  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

The  Pilot  Chart  of  the  Xorth  Athiutic  Ocean  has  been  redrawn  and 
rearranged  witli  the  object  of  increasing  its  accnracy  and  efiectiveness. 
It  will  be  published  when  still  further  improved. 

Notwithstanding  the  important  progress  that  has  been  made  in  con- 
structing nautical  charts,  foreign  charts  are  still  of  necessity  largely 
sold  in  this  country  for  the  navigation  of  merchant  vessels,  and 
instances  are  numerous  in  which  vessels  leave  our  ports  supplied  with 
charts  that  have  been  condemned  abroad.  The  chart  dealer  in  this 
country  cannot  well  keej)  a  supply  of  the  latest  editions  of  charts  made 
in  Europe.  He  buys  his  snpply  of  foreign  charts  and  keeps  them  on 
Lis  shelves  till  they  are  sold,  no  matter  how  many  new  editions  have 
been  produced  in  the  meantime  by  the  issuing  office.  It  frequently 
hapi)ens  that  a  needed  chart  can  not  be  purchased  in  this  country  and 
that  the  owners  must  send  the  vessel  to  sea  without  it  or  else  wait  till  one 
can  be  brought  from  Europe.  As  a  consequence,  vessels  go  to  sea  con- 
stantly without  a  proper  supply  of  charts.  This  defect  can  be  partially 
remedied  by  making-  the  insi>ection  of  the  chart  outfit  of  merchant  ves- 
sels a  requirement  before  g'ranting-  policies  of  insurance,  bnt  the  risk 
which  is  incurred  through  the  use  of  defective  charts  and  of  insufficient 
supplies  can  not  be  wholly  overcome  until  the  Department  has  ])ro- 
vided  itself  with  a  complete  set  of  chart  plates  from  which  the  maritime 
community  can  always  be  supplied  with  the  most  accurate  charts  at 
short  notice.  It  is  through  the  medium  of  cheap  and  accurate  nautical 
charts  that  the  Department,  while  providing  for  the  safe  navigation  of 
the  vessels  of  the  Xavy,  can  most  effectivelj"  confer  a  lasting  benefit 
upon  the  maritime  community.  The  funds  at  the  disposal  of  this 
office  do  not  permit  of  a  sufficiently  rapid  advance  to  new  ground. 
Each  year  there  is  a  larger  number  of  original  chart  plates  on  hand, 
and  a  larger  proportion  of  the  force  is  engaged  in  keeping  them  cor- 
rected for  the  issue  of  charts. 


SUPPLY  AND  ISSXTE   OF   CHARTS. 

The  established  methods  of  maintaining  the  supply  of  charts  to  ves- 
sels in  commission,  to  branch  offices,  and  to  agents,  are  found  to  work 
smoothly.  Errors  are  very  rare  and  the  few  that  occur  are  easily 
traced  and  quickly  rectified. 

There  are  on  issue  in  the  Hj-drographic  Office  section,  909  Hydro- 
graphic  Office  charts,  an  increase  of  24  during  the  year.  Fifty-six  new 
charts,  of  which  5  are  index  charts,  have  been  received  from  the  divi- 
sion of  chart  construction.  Thirty- two  charts  have  been  canceled.  Of 
these  5  are  old  engraved  charts,  two  are  heliogra"VTires,  and  25  are 
photolithographs. 

There  are  still  on  issue  170  photolithographs,  14  of  which  have  been 
withdrawn  from  sale  in  order  to  maintain  a  sufficient  sup]Dly  for  naval 
vessels. 

As  a  rule,  the  production  of  photolithographic  charts,  for  purposes 
of  navigation,  should  be  avoided,  except  in  cases  where  the  whole  edi- 
tion is  to  be  at  once  disposed  of. 

The  sale  of  Ilydrographic  office  charts  during  the  past  year  exceeds 
in  value  that  of  any  jnevious  year  and  is  14  per  cent  in  excess  of  last 
year's  sales.  This  sale  is,  of  course,  much  restricted  by  the  fact  that, 
with  the  exception  of  general  ocean  and  sailing  charts  and  a  few  charts 
of  the  coasts  and  harbors  of  China  and  Japan,  the  office  publishes  only 
charts  of  the  coasts,  harbors,  etc.,  in  the  western  hcmisj)here. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       475 

Within  tlie  past  sixteen  mouths  new  catalogues  have  been  prepared 
for  all  the  stations.  Those  for  the  North  Atlantic  and  Pacific  stations 
have  been  in  use  for  about  a  year.  Those  for  the  European  and  Asiatic 
stations,  prepared  by  Lieut.  Kimmel,  in  charge  of  the  British  Admiralty 
section  of  this  division,  have  only  recently  been  received  from  the  Pubhc 
Printer,  but  liave  been  issued  to,  and  used  in  making  up  the  outfits  of, 
all  vessels  fitting  for  those  stations  since  the  disbanding  of  the  naval 
review  fleet.  That  for  the  South  Atlantic  station,  prepared  by  Lieut. 
Eobinsou,  in  charge  of  this  division,  is  now  in  the  hands  of  the  Public 
Printer. 


RECOMMENDATIONS. 

Attention  is  asked  to  the  neccessity,  which  has  been  frequently  urged 
before,  of  providing  a  building  suitable  for  carrying  on  the  work  of  the 
Hydrograi)hic  Office. 

Means  are  sought  for  publishing  a  pilot  chart  of  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
The  proposal  to  publish  this  chart  is  regarded  with  satisfaction  on  the 
Pacific  coast.  The  outlay  would  soon  be  warranted  by  the  collection 
of  information  concerning  the  winds  and  currents,  and  the  best  routes 
to  make  the  most  economical  passages. 

At  the  opening  of  navigation  on  the  Great  Lakes  in  1894  the  U.  S.  S. 
Michigan  could  be  advantageously  employed  in  surveyingthe  approaches 
to  the  Detroit  Eiver. 

A  copy  of  the  annual  estimates  is  inclosed. 
Very  respectfully, 

C.  D.  SlGSBEE, 

Commander,  TJ.  S.  Navy,  Mydrographer. 
Chief  of  Bureau  of  Navigation', 

Navy  Department. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  THE  BUEEAQ  OF  OEDNANCE. 

Bureau  of  Ordnance,  Nayy  Department, 

Washington  City,  October  2,  1893. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  annual  report  of  this  Bureau, 
and  also  to  transmit  estimates  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1895, 
The  Bureau  was  under  the  direction  of  Commander  William  M.  Folger, 
TJ.  S.  Kavy,  until  January  1,  1893,  at  which  time  he  resigned  the  po- 
sition of  Chief  of  Bureau. 

KSTIMATE3. 

(1)  FiTcl,  tools,  inatcrial  and  labor,  expenses  of  target  practice,  mainte- 

nance of  new  provini;-  gronnd ;  modern  battery  for  Hartford $350,  000. 00 

(2)  General  repairs  to  Orduauce  buildings,  macLinery,  magazines,  and 

appendages 47,  900.  00 

(3)  Freight  and  miscellaneous  expenses 8,  000.  00 

(4)  Civil  establishment  at  Navy-Yards 26,  824. 00 

(5)  Arming  and  equipping  Naval  Militia 25,  000.  00 

(6)  Machinery  for  Gun  Plant,  Washington  Navy- Yard 117,  000.  00 

(7)  General  expenses  of  the  Torpedo  Station 71,  077.  00 

(8)  Toward  the  armanent  of  vessels  authorized 6,  500, 000.  00 

Total 7,145,801.00 


476 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


BREECH-LOADING  RIFLES. 

No  chaiig:e  has  been  made  in  the  general  system  of  constrnction. 
The  following  table  shows  the  status  of  the  guns  required  to  arm  new 
vessels  thus  far  authorized : 


Caliber  of  gun. 


4-inch 

5-inch 

0-inch 

8  inch 

10-iuch 

12-iuch 

13-inch 

Total 


Number  of  forgings. 

Number 
of  guns 

Number 
of  guns 

Number 

partly 
com- 

of guns 
afloat. 

Deliv- 

pleted to 

Ordered. 

ered. 

date. 

pleted. 

107 

77 

55 

20 

34 

86 

56 

37 

19 

26 

141 

141 

135 

6 

96 

68 

52 

33 

19 

20 

20 

25 

25 

0 

10 

13 

8 

8 

0 

2 

12 

9 

5 

3 

0 

453 

368 

298 

67 

188 

Of  the  453  guns  of  calibers  from  4-lnch  to  13-inch  ordered,  298  have 
been  comi)leted  and  188  are  already  afloat. 

**■*#*** 

The  hand  working  breech  mechanism  referred  to  in  the  last  report, 
and  which  was  devised  by  Lieut.  F.  F.  Fletcher,  U.  S.  ISTavy,  has  now 
been  adopted  for  all  guns  of  8-inch  caliber  and  above,  and  is  very 
simple  and  efficient. 


POWDER. 

The  manufacture  of  brown  j^owder  for  the  Navy  has  been  continued 
by  Messrs.  E.  I.  Du  Pout  &  Co.,  of  Wilmington,  Del.,  and  during  the 
year  a  first  lot  of  brown  powder  for  the  6-inch  gun  has  been  success- 
fully manufactured  by  the  California  Powder  Company  of  Santa  Cruz, 
Cal. 

Continued  difficulty  is  experienced  in  meeting  the  requirements  of 
velocity  and  pressure  in  the  larger  calibers,  and  the  progress  made  in 
their  development  is  far  from  satisfactory. 

The  experimental  work  with  smokeless  powder  has  been  continued 
at  the  naval  torpedo  station  at  Newport,  R.  I.,  and  also  at  the  gun 
cotton  works  of  Messrs.  Du  Pont  &  Co.,  but  a  point  has  not  yet  been 
reached  in  its  development  which  would  justify  the  issue  of  this  x)owder 
to  the  service. 


PROJECTILES. 

During  the  year  further  contracts  for  forged  steel  armor- piercing 
shell  have  been  entered  into  by  the  Department  with  the  Carpentt^r  Steel 
Company,  of  Heading,  Pa.,  and  the  Sterling  Steel  Company,  of  Demm- 
lei-.  Pa. 

******* 

Experiments  are  also  in  progress  in  firing  shell  charged  with  gun 
cotton  and  fulminate  primer  from  liigh-power  guns. 

The  manufacture  of  cast-iron  projectiles  at  the  Washington  navy- 
yard  has  been  entirely  suspended,  more  efficient  shell  of  wrought  steel 
being  supplied  by  private  linns  at  about  the  same  price. 

******* 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       477 
ARMOR  CONTRACTS. 

Since  the  date  of  the  last  report  new  contracts  for  armor  have  been 
made  to  include  the  armor  required  for  all  the  vessels  now  authorized 
by  law. 

These  new  contracts  include  the  turret  armor  for  the  Indiana,  the 
Massachnsctts,  the  Oregon,  and  the  Olympia,  the  side  armor  of  the 
Massachusetts,  and  all  the  armor  for  the  Iowa  and  Brooldyn,  amounting 
to  6,489  tons. 

The  facilities  for  the  manufacture  and  delivery  of  armor  at  the  works 
of  each  of  the  contractors  have  been  materially  improved,  and  with 
further  imi^rovements,  already  commenced  and  to  be  completed  by  the 
end  of  the  year,  the  country  will  have  two  complete  armor  plants, 
each  fitted  better  than  any  similar  plants  abroad;  and  there  will  here- 
after be  no  difficulty  in  sui)iilying  the  armor  for  vessels  as  rapidly  as  it 
can  be  needed  in  the  shipyards  under  any  circumstances  of  building- 
vessels,  however  rajiid. 


ARMOR  DEVELOPMENT. 

The  quality  of  the  armor  delivered  during  the  last  year  has  been 
excellent,  all  i^assing  the  tests  satisfactorily;  some  of  it  has  earned  the 
lowest  premium  for  increased  ballistic  properties  and  latterly  all  pre- 
sented has  shown  ballistic  qualities  considerably  greater  than  that 
required  by  the  stipulations  of  the  contracts  for  acceptance. 


ARMAMENT  OP  NEW  VESSELS. 

During  the  year  the  batteries  of  the  Monterey,  New  YorJc,  Detroit, 
Montgomery,  Marhlehead,  Machias,  Bancroft,  Castine  and  Terror  have 
been  installed. 

The  Montereyh,  JSfew  Yor¥s,  and  Bancroft's  batteries  have  been  tested 
by  firing  trials  and  guns  and  mountings  worked  satisfactorily. 


NAVAL  PROVING  GROUND. 

During  the  past  year  extensive  improvements  have  beeu  made  in 
the  facilities  of  this  station.  The  rapidity  with  which  guns  and  mounts 
have  been  constructed,  all  of  which  are  proved  at  this  place,  has 
greatly  increased  the  work  to  be  done.  The  armor  is  also  being 
delivered  with  much  greater  rapidity  and  has  correspondingly  in- 
creased the  work  of  armor  testing.  In  addition  to  this,  samples  of  all 
projectiles  manufactured  by  contract  for  the  Navy  are  tested  at  the 
proving  ground.  Experiments  on  firing  high  explosives,  also  on  fuses, 
electric  tiring,  gun  sights,  and  much  other  work  have  been  submitted 
to  the  crucial  test  of  actual  use.  This  has  all  been  done  by  officers  at 
the  station  with  an  energy  and  inteligeuce  deserving  commendation. 

GUN  FACTORY. 

The  gun  shops  have  been  running  at  their  utmost  capacity  during 
the  past  year.  Overtime  work  ceased  in  accordance  with  the  act  of 
Congress.    It  has  required  the  utmost  exertion  to  supply  the  gunS; 


478  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

nioiuits,  aud  cquipiiieuts  as  rapidly  as  required  by  the  new  sliips.  More 
extended  experience  in  the  work  has  resulted  in  greater  economy  in 
all  the  branches  of  manufacture.  It  luis  also  made  evident  the  direc- 
tion in  which  additions  must  be  made  to  the  plant  in  order  to  increase 
its  eiiiciency  and  make  it  equal  to  the  demands  which  may  be  made 
ujion  it. 

The  breech-meclianism  shop  is  now  completed  and  in  complete  work- 
ing order.  The  necessity  for  more  working  space  was  met  by  the  act 
of  Congress  providing  for  the  removal  of  the  forge  shop  to  another 
building  and  fitting  up  the  present  forge  shop  for  an  extension  of  the 
mount  shop.  This  work  is  in  progress,  but  an  additional  appropriation 
is  required  and  asked  for  this  year  to  complete  it. 

******* 

Very  respectfully, 

O.  E.  Clark, 
Commander,  U.  S,  N'.,  Inspector  of  Ordnance. 

The  COIMMANDANT,  NAVY  YARD,  MARE  ISLAND,  CAL. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  COMMANDANT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

MAEINE  CORPS. 

Headquarters  U.  S.  Marine  Corps, 

Washington,  D.  C,  Septem'ber  28,  1893. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  my  annual  report  of  the  condition 
of  the  U.  S.  Marine  Corps  for  the  past  year. 

During  that  time  I  have  made  a  personal  inspection  of  all  the  posts 
except  Mare  Island  and  Sitka,  and  found  them  in  excellent  condition 
with  the  exception  of  Brooklyn,  whore  extensive  rei)airs  are  necessary 
consequejit  upon  the  age  of  the  buildings  there,  which  was  made 
known  to  the  Department  in  my  letter  inclosing  the  annual  estimates. 

On  SeptembtH- 10,  1893,  there  were  2,093  enlisted  men  in  the  corps, 
only  7  short  of  the  total  number  appropriated  for,  which  is  a  better 
state  of  affairs  than  has  existed  for  a  long  time.  The  large  number  of 
men  thrown  out  of  employment  by  the  financial  situation  is  undoubt- 
edly the  cause  of  so  many  enlistments  recently.  Of  the  number  men- 
tioned above  1,129  were  on  duty  at  the  different  shore  stations  aud 
^64  on  board  ships  in  commission. 

Even  with  this  increased  number  on  shore  the  men  are  called  upon 
to  perform  very  severe  and  confining  duty,  never  having  more  than 
two  days  between  guards,  and  should  the  present  number  suffer  a 
reduction  they  will  return  to  the  ''day  on  aud  day  off"  routine.  Com- 
parison with  the  duty  army  troops  are  required  to  perform  will  show 
that  marines  are  much  harder  worked  and  more  confined  to  barracks 
and  consequently  given  less  opportunity  for  liberty,  which  necessarily 
causes  dissatisfaction  among  tlie  men  and  increases  the  number  of 
desertions,  particularly  among  those  who  have  not  been  long  enough  in 
the  serv' ice  to  become  accustomed  to  the  radical  change  in  their  lives. 
Men  should  never  have  less  than  four  days  off"  guard,  and  more  if  pos- 
sible, as  with  the  constant  drills  and  target  practice,  and  the  varied 
Ijolice  duty  around  garrison,  they  have  plenty  to  do  even  while  not  on 
guard. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  KAVY.       479 

The  gradual  increase  of  the  Nary  by  the  addition  of  new  ships,  a 
nnniber  of  the  larg'est  of  which  will  probably  be  placed  in  commission 
during"  the  coming  year,  will  cause  further  drain  on  the  force  of  marines 
on  shore  b^'  the  necessity  for  guards,  and  to  supply  them  and  still 
maintain  a  sufficient  force  at  the  navy-yards  to  proi)erly  protect  the 
vast  amount  of  valuable  Government  property  there  imperatively 
demands  a  material  increase  in  the  number  of  men  allowed  the  corps 
by  present  appropriation. 

I  have  repeatedly  stated  these  facts  to  the  Department  in  my  annual 
reports  and  at  other  times,  and  again  earnestly  appeal  for  the  support 
of  the  Hon.  Secretary  of  the  Navy  to  urge  upon  Congress  the  necessity 
for  approi)ria ting  for  the  following  additional  men,  viz:  10  sergeants, 
40  corporals,  12  drummers,  12  lifers,  and  at  least  426  privates,  a  total 
of  500  men,  as  recommended  in  my  letter  of  June  30, 1893,  to  the  Deijart- 
ment,  to  which  attention  is  respectfully  invited,  the  need  for  these  men 
being  fully  explained  therein. 

The  additions  mentioned  would  place  the  corps  on  a  far  more  effec- 
tive footing,  and  it  is  believed  would  be  in  the  nature  of  economy,  as  it 
would  then  be  possible  to  transfer  an  entire  guard  to  a  vessel  about  to 
be  placed  in  commission  from  the  marine  barracks  to  which  she  is 
nearest  without  the  many  transfers  from  the  different  stations  that 
are  now  made  necessary  before  a  guard  can  be  collected.  This  would 
of  course  avoid  the  necessity  for  the  use  of  so  much  money  for  trans- 
portation. The  duty  on  shore  would  also  be  better  and  there  would 
not  be  so  many  desertions,  and  the  consequent  loss  to  the  Government 
of  clothing  would  be  saved. 

******* 

The  school  of  application  here  has  commenced  the  third  year  of  its 
existence,  and  the  six  second  lieutenants  ai)pointed  in  July  are  now 
undergoing  instruction,  together  with  a  new  class  of  non-commissioned 
officers  and  privates.  The  work  accomplished  at  this  school  has  been 
eminently  satisfactory,  and  the  beneficial  results  are  apparent  in  those 
who  have  taken  the  course.  The  closing  exercises  of  last  year's  class 
were  most  interesting  and  showed  the  thoroughness  of  the  instruction, 
in  both  theory  and  practice,  I  invited  Commander  C.  M.  Thomas,  U. 
S.  jSTavy;  Col.  Theodore  Mosher,  U.  S.  Army;  adjutant-general  of  the 
District  of  Columbia  militia,  and  Capt.  F.  L.  Denny,  A.  Q.  M.,  U.  S. 
Marine  Corps,  to  witness  these  exercises,  and  a  copy  of  their  report  to 
me,  which  is  very  gratifying,  will  be  found  attached  to  that  of  Capt.  D. 
P.  Maunix,  commanding  the  school,  which  is  inclosed  herewith  and  I 
would  like  to  have  made  a  j)art  of  this  report. 

The  recommendations  nmde  in  my  report  of  last  year  relative  to  the 
improvement  of  the  condition  of  the  band  of  the  U.  S.  Marine  Corps, 
that  twelve  quartermaster-sergeants  be  provided  for,  and  that  the  act 
providing  for  the  deposits  of  seamen  of  the  !Navy  be  made  applicable 
to  the  Marine  Corps,  are  again  renewed  and  presented  to  the  Depart- 
ment with  a  request  for  favorable  consideration  thereon. 

By  an  act  of  Congress  approved  March  3,  1893,  marines  are  now 
permitted  to  purchase  discharge,  and  this  means  of  honorably  securing 
release  from  the  service  before  the  expiration  of  enlistment  will,  it  is 
thought,  tend  to  reduce  desertion  in  the  cases  of  men  whose  interests 
in  civil  life  urgently  demand  the  severance  of  their  connection  with 
the  corps. 

******* 

The  Second  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury  having  questioned  the  pro- 
priety of  the  Department's  order  of  October  5,  1892,  directing  that  the 


480       PAPERS  ACCO]\rPANYING  REPORT  OF  SECRETARY  OF  NAVY. 

quartermaster  pay  to  tlie  commandiDg  officers  of  posts,  at  the  end  of 
eacli  moiitli,  a  sum  equivalent  to  the  contract  price  of  the  number  of 
rations  saved  by  the  latter  for  their  commands,  I  desire  to  state  that 
it  is  my  earnest  hope  that  no  change  in  the  above-mentioned  order  will 
be  made,  as  the  men  everywhere  on  shore  are  better  fed  and  more  con- 
tented than  ever  before,  and  it  would  be  a  misfortune  should  the 
former  system  be  restored.  I  fully  approve  the  views  expressed  by 
the  Acting  Commandant  in  his  indorsement  of  tlie  9th  instant  to  the 
Department  on  this  subject. 

******* 

Since  October  1,  1892,  there  have  been  1,014  casualties  in  the- 
enlisted  strength,  caused  by  deaths,  discharges,  retirements  and  deser- 
tions, and  since  the  same  date  there  have  been  1,348  enlistments  and 
reenlistments. 

The  following  retirements  have  taken  place  since  my  last  report: 
Capts.  E.  P.  Meeker,  March  15,  1893,  on  his  own  application,  having 
served  over  thirty  vears;  and  Eobert  D.  Wainwright,  April  17,  1893, 
H.  C.  Fisher,  March  10,  1893,  and  L.  J.  Gulick,  April  18,  1893,  for  dis- 
ability in  the  line  of  duty.  The  two  latter  were  brought  before  a  board 
as  first  lieutenants  for  examination  for  promotion  to  captains  and  failed 
to  pass  physically,  and  in  accordance  with  law  were  retired  with  the 
rank  to  which  their  seniority  entitled  them  to  be  promoted. 

During  the  same  period  Lieut.  Col.  G.  W.  Collier,  Capt.  W.  S.  Schenck, 
and  First  Lieut.  Jesup  Nicholson,  all  on  the  retired  list,  have  died,  the 
dates  being  December  23, 1892,  June  4, 1893,  and  May  22,  1893,  respect- 
ively. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

Charles  Heywood, 

Colonel  Commandant. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 

Washington^  D.  C. 


REPORT 


THE  POSTMASTEPv-GENERAL. 


Post-Office  Department, 

WasMiiffton,  D.  C,  Novemher  25,  1893. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  houor  to  present  the  following  report  of 
the  transactions  of  this  Department  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
Jnne  30,  1893.  In  so  doing  I  venture  to  luake  a  departur'e 
from  the  custom  of  recent  years  to  the  extent  of  eliminating 
certain  of  the  detailed  statistics,  and,  in  their  stead,  I  pre- 
sent herewith  summarized  statements,  in  as  compact  form 
as  is  consistent  with  a  clear  understanding  of  the  opera- 
tions of  the  postal  service.  Inasmuch,  however,  as  the 
Auditor  of  the  Treasury  for  the  Post-Office  Department  is 
the  accountant  of  this  Department,  charged,  as  his  title 
indicates,  with  the  duty  of  stating  and  auditing  its  ac- 
counts, I  have  not  felt  at  liberty  to  suggest  an  abridgment 
of  his  report  in  any  regard. 

The  Post-Office  Department  is,  in  its  essential  features,    The  relation 

.         .  -r     1  .•       -I      T      1  of    the    Post 

a  vast  business  institution.    It  has  comparatively  little  to  office  Depart- 
do  with  sentiment  or  with  governmental  policy;  but  very  pie. 
much  to  do  with  the  practical  affairs  of  everyday  life.    One 
need  to  reflect  but  for  a  moment  upon  the  loss  and  misery 
that  would  ensue  from  the  discontinuance  of  its  operations 
for  a  single  day  to  appreciate  the  importance  of  the  service 
it  renders,  and  so  those  charged  with  its  management  need 
to  be  constantly  on  the  alert  to  eliminate  causes  tending 
toward  interruption  and  delay,  and  to  adopt  all  methods 
and  means  within  reasonable  limits  of  expenditure  tending 
toward  greater  celerity  and  dispatch. 
For  the  service  thus  rendered  the  people  are  taxed  in  one  go^^^nn^'ent^'to 

form  or  another.     If  that  form  of  tax  which  constitutes  and  regulate  the  post- 
al revenue. 

results  in  " postal  revenue"  is  found  to  be  insufficient  to 

cover  the  cost  of  the  service,  the  Government  is  called  upon 

Ab.  93 31  481 


482  EEPOKT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

to  pay  the  deficiency  out  of  the  general  receipts  of  the 
Treasuiy,  derived  from  other  sources  of  taxation.  It  would 
be  competent  for  the  Go'verument  to  increase  the  tax  kuowii 
as  postal  revenue  to  sucli  j^oint  as  would  render  the  postal 
service  either  self-sustaining,  or,  indeed,  as  would  produce 
a  surx)lus  revenue.  On  the  other  hand  it  would  have  the 
power  to  cause  this  service  to  be  rendered  without  any 
direct  charge  of  tax  whatever.  There  is  alrofflfly  free  de- 
livery of  mail  in  the  more  important  cities.  In  the  trans- 
mission of  certain  classes  of  mail  matter  the  rate  charged 
is  but  a  small  fraction  of  the  cost  to  the  Government,  whilst 
the  amount  of  mail  required  under  the  law  and  in  the  pub- 
lic interest  to  be  received,  disi)atched,  and  delivered  abso- 
lutely free,  is  very  considerable  in  amount. 
Increase  of  re-     In  reccut  vcars  It  has  been  the  policy  of  the  Government 

ceipts    autl    ex-  "^  x  .. 

peuditures.  to  SO  adjust  j)ostal  ratcs  and  so  limit  and  fix  the  expendi- 
tures for  the  postal  service  that  the  former  shall  approxi- 
mate the  latter  in  amount.  Both  the  receipts  and  the  ex- 
penditures have  largely  increased  of  late  years,  and  in 
about  equal  ratio — in  fact,  both  have  nearly  doubled  within 
the  last  eight  years. 

fii^ndai  rtepr^s^     ^^*^  financial  depression  of  the  last  few  months,  however, 

ciTpts"  '^^^^"^  ^^'  ^^^  ^^^^  great  (though  it  is  hoped  temporary)  eftect  upon 
postal  receipts,  greatly  diminishing  their  volume ;  and  while, 
for  that  and  for  other  reasons  hereinafter  stated,  the  defi- 
ciency for  the  current  year  will  be  large,  still  I  think  that 
fa<;t  should  neither  have  a  deterrent  effect  upon  the  general 
development  of  the  service,  nor  induce  any  increase  of 
postal  rates.  Liberal  appropriations  will  be  required,  and 
should  be  made,  but  liberal  appropriations  will  not  of  them- 
selves produce  the  desired  result.  They  must  be  supple- 
mented by  the  most  strenuous  efforts  in  all  branches  of  the 
l>ostal  service  to  bring  it  up  to  the  highest  possible  degree 
of  efficiency. 

^Financial state-  rpj^^  following  Summarized  statements  in  this  paragraph  of 
the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  this  Department,  and  of 
the  estimates  of  the  current  and  next  succeeding  fiscal  year, 
do  not  include  the  earnings  of  the  Pacific  railroads,  which 
are  credited  upon  their  indebtedness  to  the  Government; 
nor  do  they  include  i)ayments  to  be  made  under  subsidy 
contracts.  For  the  year  ended  June  30, 1890,  the  deficiency 
in  revenue  to  meet  the  expenditures  of  the  Department,  as 
shown  by  the  reports  of  the  Auditor  of  the  Treasurj^  for 
the  Post-Office  Department,  was  $5,048,019.10;  for  the  year 
ended  Jnne  30, 1891,  the  deficiency  was  $5,730,677.07;  for  the 
year  ended  June  30, 1892,  the  deficiency  was  $5,303,286.31; 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  483 

and  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1803,  the  deficiency  esti- 
mated by  my  predecessor  was  $1,552,423.17.  It  was  in 
fact,  however,  $5,177,171.74.  The  estimated  receipts  and 
expenditures  for  tliat  year  were  as  follows: 

Ordinary  postal  reveuue  for  the  year  eiading  June  30, 

1893 $70, 020, 507. 86 

Add  an  increase  of  9  ijer  cent 6,  301,  815.  70 

Total  ordinary  revenue 76,  322,  353. 56 

Add  estimated  ijrofits  from  sale  of  Columbian  postage 

stamps 1,  500,  000. 00 

Add  revenue  from  money-order  business 920,  000.  00 

Gross  revenue 78,  712,  353.  56 


Expenditures,  u^jon  the  basis  of  api^ropriatious 80,  291,  776.  73 

78,  712,  353.  56 


Leaving  an  estimated  deficiency  for  1893  of 1,  552,  423. 17 

This  proved,  however,  to  be  an  overestimate  of  revenues,    Revenues  of 
and  the  current  appropriations  were  insufficient  to  meet  t'lmatecL  °^ 
the  expenditures  of  the  Department.     The  following  are 
the  actual  figures  of  each : 

Actual  expenditures $81,  071, 101.90  ^^The  actual  fig. 

Gross  revenue  from  all  sources 75,  896,  933. 16 


Actual  deficiency 5, 177, 171.  74 

For  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1894,  the  estimates 
made  by  my  predecessor  in  office  were  as  follows  : 

Estimated  ordinary  postal  revenue  for  the  year  ending 

Juno  30,  1893,  as  previously  estimated $76,  322,  353.  .56 

Add  9  per  cent 6,869,011.82 

Total  estimated  ordinary  revenue 83, 191,  365.  38 

Add  estimated  additional  profits  from  sale  of  Colum- 
bian postage  stamps 1,  000,  000. 00 

Estimated  revenue  from  money-order  business 930,  000.  00 


Gross  revenue  for  the  year 85, 121,  365.  38 

Estimated  exi^euditures  for  the  current  year 81, 249, 119. 67 


Leaving  an  estimated  surplus  of  revenue  of 872,  215.  71 

My  estimates  for  the  current  year,  just  submitted  through 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  are  as  follows  : 

Entire  postal  revenue  for  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  in- 
cluding revenue  from  money-order  business $75,  896,  933. 16     Estimates    for 

Add  3  per  cent 2,  276,  907.  99  *'"""*'''*  ^'''''• 


Gross  estimated  revenue  for  the  year  1891 78, 173,  811. 15 


Estimated  expenditures,  appropriations  alread}-^  made.  84,004,314.22 
Additional  amount  required 2,  000,  000. 00 


Total  estimated  expenditures 86,  001,  314.  22 


Leaving  an  estimated  deficiency  of 7,  830,  473.  07 


484  REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  tliere  is  a  discrepancy  between 
tlie  estimates  for  the  current  year  made  by  my  predecessor 
and  those  made  by  myself  of  $8,702,718.78.  This  discrep- 
ancy is  accounted  for  as  follows: 

Discrepancy  1.  Actual  rcceijits  of  ordinary  postal  revenue,  less  than 
explained.  per  estimate $425,420.40 

2.  DifFereuee  of  estimated  increase  for  the  year 4,  592, 103,  83 

3.  Profits  from  sale  of  Columbian  postage  stamps 1,000,000.00 

4.  Estimated  revenue  from  money-order   business,  in- 

cluded in  total  ordinary   postal  revenue,  as  last 

above  stated 930, 000. 00. 

5.  Estimated   expenditures,  above  appro- 

priations   $2,  000,  000.  00 

Less  difference  between  estimated  expendi- 
tures and  appropriations,  as  above 244,805.45 


1,  755, 194. 55 
8,  702,  718.  78 

These  estimates  jiertain  only  to  the  current  business  of 
the  year.  It  will  be  noticed  that  more  than  one-half  of  the 
discrepancy  is  in  the  estimated  increase  of  revenue.  It  is 
to  be  hoped  that  my  estimate  of  increase  (3  per  cent)  will 
l)ro^e  to  be  too  conservative,  being  much  less  in  percent- 
age than  the  average  for  a  number  of  years;  but  the  indi- 
cations up  to  the  date  of  transmitting  this  report  do  not 
justify  the  prediction  that  they  will  exceed  that  amount. 

It  should  be  noted  at  this  point  that  pursuant  to  author- 
ity contained  in  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  modify  the 
postal  money-order  system,  and  for  other  j^urposes,"  ap- 
Actuai  deti-  provcd  Marcli  3,  1883,  the  sum  of  $1,250,000  has  been  taken 

cienry  decreased  '^  n  •  i  t 

$i.;;o<).ouo  from  from  the  balance  of  unpaid  money-order  accounts  and 
order  accounts,  causcd  to  bc  deposited  in  the  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  the 
Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  for  the  service  of  the  Post- 
Ofifice  Department;  so  that  whatever  may  be  the  actual 
deficiency  as  a  result  of  the  current  year's  business,  the 
appropriations  to  meet  such  deficiency  will  be  diminished 
by  the  amount  of  $1,250,000.  It  is  hoped  that  during  the 
year  a  further  credit  may  be  taken,  without  detriment  to 
the  money- order  business. 
Estimates  for     Fof  the  year  ending  June  30,  1895,  the  estimates  are  as 

the    fiscal   year 

ending  June  30,  follOWS  : 

Estimated  postal   revenue  for  year   ending  June  30, 

1894,  as  above $78, 173,  841. 15 

Add  8  per  cent 6,253,907.29 

Gross  estimated  revenue  for  year  ending  June  30,  1895. .     84,  427,  748.  44 
Expenditures,  as  just  estimated  and  submitted  through 

the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 90,  399,  485.  33 

Deficiency  for  year  1895,  estimated 5,  971, 736. 89 


REPOET  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  485 

It  will  be  observed,  therefore,  that,  while  the  revenues    Tierennes  van- 

'  '  '  able,  but  expend- 

are  variable  in  amount,  depeudiiiff  upon  business  condi-it"res  steadUy 

increase. 

tions  and  the  like,  yet  the  expenditures  steadily  and  surely 
Increase  from  year  to  year;  and  while,  as  I  have  said,  no 
increase  in  postal  rates  should  be  made,  it  will  be  seen  from 
the  foregoing-  figures  that  the  discrepancy  between  the 
receipts  and  expenditures  for  the  current  year  will  be  so 
large  as  to  render  a  reduction  of  rates  at  this  time  inad- 
visable. 

INCREASE   OF   PRESIDENTIAL  POSTMASTERS. 

From  the  report  of  the  First  Assistant  Postmaster-Gen-    increase  of 
eral,  it  will  be  found  that,  as  a  result  of  the  annual  adjust- po^sf^as'teraVoD- 
ment  of  salaries  of  presidential  postmasters,  of  which,  on  *'"''^'^'''^" 
July  1,  1893,  there  were  3,340,  a  net  increase  of  163  offices 
over  the  previous  year,  151  post-offices  were  assigned  to  the 
first  class,  674  to  the  second  class,  and  2,515  to  the  third 
class,  being  an  increase  of  13  first-class  offices,'17  second- 
class  offices,  and  133  third-class  offiiies  from  July  1,  1893, 
as  contrasted  with  the  same  items  for  the  previous  year. 

The  aggregate  amount  required  to  i^ay  the  salaries  of 
presidential  postmasters  from  July  1,  1893,  is  $5,667,700,  oi  "rresfdentiai 
being  an  increase  of  $271,800,  or  5.04  per  cent,  as  compared  p"'^'"''^^^''^- 
with  the  same  item  July  1,  1892. 

THE   TEN   LARGER   POST-OFFICES. 

It  is  an  interesting  fact  to  record  that  out  of  the  68,403    one-tbirdof 
post-offices  in  the  United  States,  the  10  enumerated  in  the  neL^fransacted 
table  below  show  aggregate  receipts  of  30.2  per  cent,  or  eel?''"*'  ^^''^  °^' 
nearly  one-third  of  the  total  revenue  of  the  Department  for 
the  past  fiscal  year.    The  aggregate  increase  of  receipts 
was  $1,955,677,  or  an  average  of  $195,568,  or  7.4  per  cent 
Iter  office,  these  offices  being  fair  representatives  of  the  in- 
crease and  growth  of  the  postal  service  for  the  past  fiscal 
year. 


486 


REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


No. 


Office. 


"New  York 

Chicago 

Philadelphia. . . 

Boston 

St.  Louis 

Cincinnati 

Brooklyn 

San  Francisco  . 

Baltimore , 

Pittsburg 

Total 

Average . . 


State. 


Nevr  York 

Illinois 

Pennsylvania . . 
Massachusetts. 

Missouri 

Ohio 

Isew  York 

California 

Maryland 

Pennsylvania . . 


Gross  receipts. 


Year  ended 
June  30, 1893. 


$7,359,777 

4,  672,  018 

2,  705, 691 

2, 5C5,  644 

1,460,623 

975,  203 

887,  369 

818,  240 

796,  010 

640,312 


Increase. 


22, 886, 887 
2, 288,  689 


Percent. 


$587, 994 
723, 433 
131, 97S 
191, 042 
138,006  I 
83,506  i 
4,107  I 
22,  946  I 
46,522  : 
25,786 


1, 955,  677 
195, 568 


8.7 
18.3 
5.1 
8.0 
10.4 
9.4 
0.5 
2.9 
6.2 
4.2 


73.3 
7.4 


FREE -DELIVERY   SYSTEM. 

On  July  1,  1892,  there  were  in  operation  568  free-delivery 
offices.  During  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  free 
delivery  was  extended  to  42  additional  towns,  making  a 
total  of  610  offices  which,  on  July  1, 1893,  enjoyed  free  de- 
livery of  mail.  There  were  at  this  latter  date  56  offices 
which  were  entitled  to  free  delivery,  and  the  recent  report 
of  the  Auditor  of  the  Treasury  for  the  Post-Office  Depart- 
ment shows  that  by  reason  of  the  gross  receipts,  37  addi- 
tional offices  are  entitled  to  the  service,  making  a  total  of 
r93.     Of  this  number,  32  have  made  application  and  have 

Extension     of  '  ^  ^ 

free-delivery  complied  with  all  the  requirements  of  the  regulations:  but 

servKje  imi)ossi-  o  / 

bie,   because  of  the  lack  of  appropriation  from  which  to  make  the  expeudi- 

iu.sufficient  ap--  .  />i-  •  it  -it 

propriations.  turcs  that  thc  cxteusion  of  this  service  would  entail,  renders 
the  Department  powerless  to  grant  free  delivery  to  even 
one  of  these  93  offices. 


EXPERIIVIENTAL  FREE  DELIVERY. 

After  a  thorough  trial,  extending  over  a  jieriod  of  two 
and  one-half  years,  it  has  been  found  that  the  free  delivery 
of  mail  heretofore  inaugurated  in  forty-six  small  towns  and 
villages  distributed  throughout  the  country,  of  populations 
Ber\7ct  in ^smafi  ranging  from  800  to  4,000,  has  not  resulted  in  the  predicted 
cess"^  °°*  ^  ^^^"^  steady  increase  in  postal  receipts  in  those  towns.  A  tem- 
porary increase  was,  indeed,  noticed,  but  after  the  novelty 
of  the  innovation  liad  worn  off  the  resident  of  the  village 
again  found  it  more  convenient  to  call  at  the  post-office  for 
his  mail,  and  postal  receipts  and  thc  volume  of  mail  soon 


KEPOET  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  487 

settled  down  to  a  moderate  ratio,  the  result  of  natural 
growth. 

In  view  of  this  fact  T  concur  in  the  opinion  of  the  First 
Assistant  Postmaster-GcDeral,  that  the  Department  is  not 
justified  in  recommending  the  extension  of  this  service  to 
small  towns  throughout  the  country,  which  would  involve 
an  expense  of  $10,000,000  annually. 

RURAL  FREE  DELIVERY. 

Although  it  was  provided  by  Congress  in  the  appropria-^j.^^,{®j']-^.^^''^.g°j.^ 
tion  bill  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1894,  that  [«;^;^t';™r^^^^'^;«: 
$10,000  should  be  devoted,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Post- "tended. 
master-General,  to  testing  the  feasibility  of  establishing  a 
system  of  free  delivery  in  rural  districts,  it  has  been  found 
impossible,  by  reason  of  the  pressure  of  more  important 
questions,  for  the  officers  having  that  subject  in  charge  to 
give  the  subject  the  study  and  consideration  that  it  de- 
mands, much  less  to  establish  such  rural  free  delivery.  It 
was  soon  discovered,  furthermore,  that  the  appropriation 
for  this  experiment  is  not  at  all  sufficient  for  thorough  and 
reliable  tests,  for,  in  order  to  give  the  rural  free-delivery 
system  a  fair  and  thorough  trial,  tests  would  have  to  be 
made  in  many  localities,  differing,  necessarily,  in  density  of 
population,  topography,  class  of  interests,  and  condition  of 
highways  and  thoroughfares.  To  inaugurate  a  system  of 
rural  free  delivery,  it  would  require  an  appropriation  of  at 
least  $20,000,000. 

I  therefore  adopt  the  opinion  of  the  First  Assistant  Post- 
master-General that  the  Department  would  not  be  war- 
ranted in  burdening  the  people  with  such  a  great  exi^tense, 
when  it  can  more  properly,  adequately,  and  economically 
meet  the  requirements  of  x>ostal  extension  by  widening  its 
scope  along  reasonable  and  conservative  lines  and  by  estab- 
lishing additional  post-oflices  wherever  the  communities  are 
justified  in  asking  for  them. 

FREE-DELIVERY  DEFICIENCY. 

I  deem  it  especially  unwise  to  attempt,  at  this  time,  any  The  rree-ne- 
experiments  in  the  way  of  free-delivery  extension,  because andus  cause!^"^ 
of  the  fact  that  the  officers  of  that  bureau  are  threatened 
with  a  deficiency  of  $68,010.03.  This  will  impose  the  strict- 
est economy  in  this  branch  of  the  service,  as  it  necessitates 
a  reduction  of  expenditures  sufficient  to  offset  the  defi- 
ciency. The  reason  for  this  deficiency  will  be  apparent 
from  the  following  itemized  statement,  showing  the  expend- 


488  REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

itui  es  on  account  of  the  Free-Delivery  Service  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  July  30,  1894: 

Salaries  of  1,656  carriers,  at  $600  per  auuum $993,  600.  00 

Salaries  of  625  carriers,  at  $800  per  annum 500,  000.  00 

Salaries  of  3,758  carriers,  at  $850  per  annum 3, 194,  300.  CO 

Salaries  of  5,  644  carriers,  at  $1,000  per  annum 5,  644,  000.  00 


Total 10,331,000.00 

Salaries  of  temporary  carriers  for  summer  resorts  and 

substitutes  for  holidays  and  emergencies 6,  000.  00 

Salaries  for  substitutes  for  regular  carrici'S  on  vacation 

(11,  683  carriers  at  $25  per  annum) 292,  075. 00 

Promotion  of  carriers  (equal  to  2,147) 252,  927. 91 

Permanent  allowances  for  horse  hire  and  car  fare  from 

July  1,  1893,  to  June  30,  1894 420,013.12 


Total  expenditures 11,  302,  916.  03 

Appropriation  for  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1894 " $11,  254,  900.  00 

Deducting  $10,000  for  maintenance  of  the 
experimental  free  delivery  and  $10,000 
for  experimental  rural  free  delivery. . .  20,  000. 00 


Leaving  available  for  the  service 

as  it  is  now  established 11,  234,  900.  00 


Deficiency 68,  016. 03 

Appropriations     It  is  to  1)6  hoped  that  an  adequate  appropriation  will  be 

bhoiild      i>rovulo  ^ 

lor  the  ordinary  available  after  July  1, 1894,  in  order  that  at  least  the  ordi- 

growth    of     the  ^  ^  i    ,.  •  -, 

system.  uaxy  growth  of  the  free-delivery  service  may  be  provided 

for. 

It  is  impossible,  at  present,  for  this  Department  to  con- 
sider the  urgent  requests  made  by  many  officers  for  addi- 
tional letter-carriers,  to  jn'ovide  for  the  extensions  and 
improvements  demanded,  no  matter  how  meritorious  such 
cases  may  be. 
Ninoty-three     J  pegrct,  therefore,  that  the  establishment  of  the  service 

oflices  barred  be-  »        '  ' 

cause  of  lack  of  jjj  ^lic  niuety-threc  offices  entitled  to  it  must,  of  necessity, 

appropriation.  "^  7^7 

be  deferred  until  after  July  1,  1894. 

FEEE-DELIVERY  ESTIMATES. 

fo^rhJta-i'liei'h-  I^^  asking  for  appropriations  for  the  free-delivery  service 
ery  service.  ^hc  largcst  item  is,  of  necessity,  that  for  salary  of  carriers, 
of  whom  there  are  four  grades.  It  is  estimated  that  for 
the  fiscal  year  1894-'95,  $10,709,400  will  be  required  to 
meet  the  salaries  of  the  11,711  carriers  already  in  the  serv- 
ice. This  amount  has  been  determined  by  actual  compu- 
tation from  the  books  and  records  of  the  Department,  and 
can  only  be  changed  to  the  extent  of  changes  of  grade, 
which,  it  is  estimated,  will  amount  to  $100,000,  and  for 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  489 

wbicli  credit  is  given  iu  the  total  estimate.  Besides  the 
amount  for  sahiries  of  carriers  there  will  be  estimated  ex- 
penditures of  $1,558,285.33,  after  deducting  the  $100,€00 
credit  above  referred  to. 

In  this  latter  estimate  provision  is  made  for  the  promo- 
tion of  504  carriers  mandatory  under  the  act  of  Congress 
of  August  2, 1882;  the  appointment  of  1,170  additional  car- 
riers at  offices  already  established,  and  for  the  establish- 
ment of  the  free-delivery  service  at  ninety-three  offices  en- 
titled to  it;  for  temporary  and  substitute  carriers,  and  for 
the  numerous  other  necessary  expenses  of  tlie  free-delivery 
service,  to  which  an  item  of  $105,000  is  added  to  cover  inci- 
dental expenses  such  as  letter  boxes,  posts,  pedestals,  etc. 
The  total  amount  estimated  to  be  necessary  to  defray  the 
expenses  of  the  free-delivery  service  for  the  fiscal  year 
1891-'95  will  therefore  be  seen  to  be  $12,327,085.33;  and  I 
recommend  that  this  amount,  which  is  a  very  conservative 
estimate,  and  the  full  amount  of  which  will  be  required  to 
X)roperly  maintain  the  service  on  business  principles,  be  ai)- 
IH'opriated. 

CLERKS  IN  POST-OFFICES. 

The  appropriations  for  clerks  in  post-offices  for  the  fiscal  Appropria- 
year  1891-'92  was  $8,060,000,  and  for  1892-'93  $8,360,000.  **»"«  /or  yierk^ 
When  I  assumed  charge  of  this  Department  on  March  7 
last  I  found  that  allowances  had  been  made  to  cover  the 
whole  amount  of  this  approxn'iation,  with  tlie  exception  of 
about  $1,500.  Unwilling  to  make  allowances  that  would 
result  in  a  deficiency  approx)riation  I  was  compelled  to  limit 
the  extra  allowances  during  the  iDeriod  from  March  7th  to 
June  30th  to  this  very  small  amount,  by  no  means  an  agree- 
able task,  and  somewhat  to  the  detriment  of  the  public  serv- 
ice. For  the  current  fiscal  year  the  appropriation  is 
$8,810,000,  being  an  increase  of  $450,000,  or  5.4  per  cent  as 
compared  with  the  appropriation  for  the  past  fiscal  year, 
and  $411,000  less  than  the  estimates  submitted  by  the  De- 
partment and  $50,000  less  than  the  amount  estimated  by 
the  Postmaster-General.  This  appropriation  includes  the 
sum  of  $50,000  specially  set  apart  by  the  Congress  for 
rental  of  stamp-cancelling  machines. 

For  the  year  1894-1895  I  have  estimated  the  allowance    r.stimato   for 

"  ensuing     nscal 

for  clerks  in  post-offices  at  $9,700,000.  This  amount,  con- year, 
trasted  with  the  appropriation  for  the  current  year,  shows 
an  increase  of  $890,000,  or  10.1  percent.  If  the  appropriation 
for  the  current  year,  however,  had  been  adequate  and  up 
to  the  usual  percentage  of  increase  the  estimate  for  the  year 
1894-1895  would  only  show  a  similar  increase  in  percentage. 


490         REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

Certain  classes     In  this  connection  I  desired  to  record  my  opiinon  that 

of  clerks  mailo-  ''       ^ 

qiiateiy  c.)iii])oii-  certain  classes  of  clerks  in  first  and  second  class  post-offices 

sated;    improve- 

ment  in  the  cier- are  inadeanatelv  compensated,  and  I  recommend  tliat  the 
Congress  amend  the  act  approved  March  2,  1889,  making 
Jiprovision  for  the  classification  and  the  fixing  of  salaries  of 
clerks  and  employes  attatched  to  first  and  second-class 
post  offices,  by  increasing  the  maximum  salaries  for  certain 
classes  of  clerical  service.  Material  improvement  in  the 
clerical  service  has  resulted  from  the  operations  of  that  act, 
and  further  improvement  is  easily  possible.. 

RENT,  LIGHT   AND  FUEL. 

Eent,  fuel,  and     i^hg  appropriations  for  rent,  fael,  and  light  for  first,  sec- 

light   appropna-  x  x       x  77  o  7 

tions.  ond,   and  third  class  post-offices  amounted  for  the  year 

1891-'92  to  $1,324,300,  an  increase  of  7.1  per  cent  over  the 
appropriation  for  the  previous  year ;  for  1892-'93  it  amounted 
to  $1,357,000,  or  an  increase  of  2.5  per  cent;  and  for  1893-'94 
the  appropriation  was  $1,432,000,  or  an  increase  of  5.5  per 
cent. 

SUSPENSION  OF  EMPLOYES. 

A  suggestion     A  law  permitting  postmasters,  in  their  discretion,  by  and 

as  to  the  suspeu-  •••  n  -r>,  ^  •.  -, 

sioB  of  employes  With  the  consciit  of  the  Postmaster-General,  to  suspend 
employes  not  exceeding  ten  days,  without  pay,  for  the  vio- 
lation of  rules  and  regulations,  would  promote  the  good  of 
the  service.  Closer  and  better  relations  between  post-office 
employes  and  this  Department  would  result  from  an  act 
empowering  the  Postmaster-General  to  grant  leave  of  ab- 
sence, not  exceeding  three  months,  with  full  pay,  to  any 
clerk  or  letter-carrier  in  a  x)ost-office  who  shall  be  disabled 
by  any  casualty  while  in  the  performance  of  his  duty. 

WORK  OF  THE  DEAD- LETTER  OFFICE. 

Interesting     rphe  uuiuber  of  picccs  of  dead  mail  matter  received  at 

condenseustatis-  ^ 

tics  of  the  Dead- the  Dead-Letter  Office  during  the  fiscal  vear  ended  June 

Letter  Othce.  ° 

30,  1893,  was  7,131,027,  an  increase  over  the  receipts  of  the 
previous  year  of  349,847  pieces,  or  a  little  more  than  5  i)er 
cent.  This  increase  of  undelivered  matter  is  less  than  the 
per  cent  of  increase  of  matter  mailed,  as  shown  by  the 
statistics  of  other  branches  of  the  postal  service,  and 
would  seem  to  indicate  more  care  on  the  part  of  the  people 
jn  addressing  their  letters,  as  well  as  increased  vigilance 
on  the  part  of  iDostmasters  to  secure  proper  delivery. 

The  number  of  pieces  treated  in  the  Dead-  Letter  Office, 
including  those  on  hand  from  the  previous  year,  was 
7,320,038,    These  were  classified  as  follows:  5,408,945  were 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         491 

ordinary  imclairaed  letters;  204,445  ^verc  addressed  to  per- 
sons in  the  care  of  hotels;  218,180  were  mailed  to  foreign 
countries  and  returned  by  the  various  postal  administra- 
tions as  nndeliverable;  50,941  were  addressed  to  initals  or 
fictitious  persons,  and  7,106  were  domestic  registered  let- 
ters. There  were  633,957  pieces  of  mail  matter  of  foreign 
origin,  and  182,050  were  ordinary  letters  without  inclosures, 
which  had  once  been  returned  by  the  Dead-Letter  Office  to 
addresses  contained  therein,  and,  failing  of  delivery,  were 
again  sent  to  the  Dead-Letter  Office  for  final  disposition. 

The  number  of  letters  classed  as  unmailable  comprised 
1,144,  containing  articles  which  were  not  transmissible  in 
the  mails;  91,234  were  either  entirely  uni^aid  or  paid  less 
than  one  full  rate,  and  could  not,  therefore,  be  forwarded; 
400,832  were  either  deficient  in  address  or  addressed  to 
places  not  post-offices  or  to  post  offices  which  had  no  exist- 
ence in  the  State  named,  and  were  classed  under  the  gen- 
eral head  of  ''Misdirected;"  35,918  were  without  any  ad- 
dress whatever,  and  2,040  were  classed  as  "Miscellaneous." 
There  were  also  received  83,246  unclaimed  and  unmailable 
l^arcels  of  third  and  fourth  class  matter. 

Of  the  letters  and  i)arcels  treated  during  the  year,  781,379 
pieces  were  restored  to  the  owners  without  being  opened; 
6,353,956  were  opened,  and  2,653  letters  remained  on  hand 
untreated  at  the  close  of  the  year.  Of  the  6,353,956  pieces 
which  were  opened  in  the  Dead-Letter  Office,  385,267,  or 
upwards  of  6  per  cent,  were  found  to  contain  some  inclosure 
of  value,  other  than  the  communication;  29,017  contained 
money  amounting  to  $42,064.33,  or  an  average  of  $1.45  for 
each  letter;  30,496  letters  containing  drafts,  promissory 
notes,  money  orders,  or  other  evidences  of  indebtedness, 
with  a  face  value  of  $2,298,688.12,  an  average  of  $75.37^  for 
each  letter;  3,804  contained  postal  notes,  value,  $5,418.45, 
or  $1.42  j)er  letter;  40,840  inclosed  jjaid  notes,  receipts,  legal 
and  other  i)apers  of  various  character;  37,735  contained 
photographs;  169,129  contained  inclosures  of  i)OStage 
stamps  5  83,246  contained  articles  of  merchandise,  books, 
etc. 

Of  the  above  number  there  were  restored  to  tlie  owners 
17,510  letters,  containing  $29,231.08  in  money;  28,688  let- 
ters, containing  drafts,  notes,  money  orders,  etc.,  with  a 
face  value  of  $2,156,  243.97;  3,485  postal-note  letters,  with 
a  value  of  $4,948.26;  35,614  containing  miscellaneous  pa- 
pers; 28,008  parcels  of  merchandise,  books,  etc.;  27,599 
inclosing  iihotographs,  and  146,555  letters  containing  x^ost- 
age  stamps.      One  million   six  hundred   and  thirty-nine 


402  REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

thousand  letters,  wliicli  contaiued  no  sei)arate  inclosures  of 
value,  were  returned  to  tlie  writers,  the  remainder,  not  dis- 
closing the  addresses  of  the  writers  sufiiciently  to  warrant 
an  effort  to  return  them,  were  destroyed. 

In  the  Dead-Letter  Office  alone  rests  authority  to  break 
the  seal  of  a  letter  when  other  branches  of  the  service  have 
failed  to  properly  dispose  of  it  from  the  information  con- 
tained upon  the  outside.  The  contents  of  letters  which  are 
laid  open  to  the  view  of  the  employes  are  still  regarded  as 
sealed  matter,  as  under  the  rules  of  the  office  they  are  for- 
bidden to  read  the  communications  farther  than  is  necessary 
to  ascertain  if  they  can  be  returned  to  the  writers. 
Reason  why  It  is  uoticcablc  that  the  American  people,  especially  when 
©rrestoratTon.*'  Writing  to  rclativcs  or  personal  friends,  habitually  fail  to  give 
their  full  name  and  post-office  address  in  their  letters.  This 
fact  alone  will  explain  why  so  large  a  proportion  of  letters 
sent  to  the  Dead-Letter  Office  fail  of  restoration  to  their 
writers  and  are  necessarily  destroyed. 

EIGHT-HOUR  LAW  AND   OVERTIME. 

Claims  by  car-     Oue  of  the  first  subjccts  that  I  was  called  upon  to  con- 
niider  the;' eight  sider  after  assuming  my  duties  was  that  of  the  claims  for 
oiir  aw.  overtime  filed  by  carriers  and  arising  under  the  provisions 

of  the  "  eight-hour  law."     The  tiles  of  the  bureau  of  the 
First  Assistant  Postmaster-General   are    now  filled  with 
such  claims,  aggregating  nearly  a  million  dollars.     It  was 
not  apparent  that  steps  heretofore  taken  to  prevent  the 
making  of  overtime  by  carriers  had  had  the  desired  effect, 
and  I  found  it  to  be  necessary  to  order  the  curtailiug  of 
routes  of  carriers  in  sparsely  settled  districts,  and  to  adopt 
rules  to  prevent  unnecessary  making  of  overtime  by  carriers 
who  loitered  on  their  routes  or  were  otherwise  delinquent. 
Postmasters     In  a  circular  letter  which  I  addressed  on  April  4,  1893, 
ceniing    these  to  the  postmastcr  at  every  free-delivery  office,  I  set  forth  as 
c  aims.  clearly  as  possible  the  construction  given  to  the  act  by  the 

decision  of  the  Court  of  Claims  of  March  7,  1892,  which  had 
been  affirmed  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States 
in  the  case  of  United  States  v.  Fost,  decided  March  13, 
1893,  defining  the  rights  of  carriers  under  the  act,  and  I 
instructed  postmasters  to  pay  no  claim  for  overtime  serv- 
ices until  it  shall  have  been  submitted  to  and  approved 
by  this  Department.  They  were  also  directed  to  recommend 
for  removal  any  carriers  found  loitering  or  in  other  ways 
defrauding  the  Government  of  time. 

Where  a  carrier  was,  of  necessity,  making  overtime,  and 
additional  carriers  could  not  be  employed,  the  j)ostmaster 


EEPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         493 

was  instructed  to  redistrict  his  city,  or  by  some  otlier 
method  obviate  the  necessity  of  overtime  being  made  by 
such  carrier.  Postmasters  were  further  informed  that 
where  they  i^ermitted  carriers  to  make  overtime  in  perform- 
ance of  work  prohibited  by  the  Postal  Laws  and  Kegula- 
tions,  or  in  violation  of  this  order,  such  fact  would  be  taken 
as  suflficient  cause  for  the  removal  of  such  postmasters. 

The  eflect  of  the  strict  enforcement  of  these  instructions  ^J^^ff^o^J^^^  of 
was  that  the  amount  of  overtime  made  during  the  month  capers  for  over^ 
of  May  was  reduced  to  5,100  hours,  a  decrease  of  91.57  minimum. 
per  cent,  and  for  the  month  of  June  to  2,300  hours,  a  further 
decrease  of  55  per  cent;  while  the  last  statement  completed 
(for  the  month  of  September)  shows  that  overtime-making 
has  practically  ceased,  and  there  is  little  doubt  that  in  the 
future  no  overtime  will  be  made. 

ISSUES  OF  POSTAL  NOTES. 

The  number  of  postal  notes  issued  during  the  year  was.Postai-notebus- 
7,753,210,  an  increase  of  703,170,  or  9.97  per  cent  over  the  cai  year  summa- 

rized 

previous  year ;  the  total  amount  of  postal  notes  issued  was 
$12,903,076.73,  an  increase  of  $1,007,311.22,  or  8.47  per  cent. 
The  total  amount  of  fees  received  was  $233,411.19,  an 
increase  of  $21,557.94,  or  10.18  per  cent  over  the  preceding 
fiscal  year.  The  average  amount  for  which  these  postal 
notes  were  issued  was  $1.G6. 

DOMESTIC  MONEY-ORDER   STATISTICS. 

There  were   added   during  the  past  fiscal  year  6,401 .  ^"'"g^  i?"ease 

o  i  •^  ■  m  domestic  mon- 

domestic  money-order  offices,  being  the  largest  increase  in  ey  order  transac- 
any  one  year  since  the  commencement  of  the  system,  mak- 
ing the  total  number  of  such  offices  on  June  30, 1893, 18,434. 
There  were  13,309,735  domestic  money  orders  issued,  an 
increase  of  1,240,293,  or  10.28  per  cent.  The  face  value  of 
these  money  orders  aggregated  $127,576,433.05,  an  increase 
of  $7,509,032.58,  or  0.25  per  cent.  The  average  amount  for 
which  these  orders  were  drawn  was  about  $9.59. 

CHANGES  IN  THE  MONEY-ORDER  SYSTEM. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  the  postal  notes  have  outlived    Aboiisii     the 

'^'^  ^  postal-note;  sim- 

their  usefulness  and  should  no  longer  be  issued;  also  that  I'l't'y  tiie mouey- 

o  rd  G  r . 

the  rates  charged  for  all  domestic  money-orders  should  be 
reduced  and  the  form  of  the  order  simplified,  I  believe 
these  changes  would  be  desirable  and  that  the  revenues 
would  more  likely  be  increased  than  diminished  thereby. 


494  REPORT    OF    THE   POSTMASTER- GENERAL. 

ESTTERIfATIONAL   MONEY-ORDER  BUSINESS. 

Excellent  Dui'iiig  tlie  last  fiscal  year  195  international  money-order 
terutrtionai  offices  wGre  added,  making  tlie  total  number  of  suck  offices 
traiisactions.  '^'^iu  Operation  June  30,  1893,  2,407.  The  total  number  of  in- 
ternational money  orders  issued  during  the  last  fiscal  year 
was  1,055,999,  an  increase  of  72,523,  or  7.37  per  cent  over 
the  preceding  fiscal  year;  the  total  amount  issued  was 
810,311,837.86,  an  increase  of  $1,221,500.31,  or  8.08  per  cent; 
total  number  of  orders  paid  300,917,  an  increase  of  13,503, 
or  4.65  i^er  cent;  total  amount  paid  $5,283,375.70,  an  in- 
crease of  $94,094.83,  or  1.80  per  cent.  The  total  amount 
of  fees  received  was  $202,281.30,  an  increase  of  $14,958,  or 
7.99  per  cent.  The  average  amount  of  international  orders 
issued  was  $15.48.  The  total  volume  of  international  money- 
order  business  for  the  year  shows  an  increase  over  the  pre- 
vious fiscal  year  of  86,023  orders,  or  6.75  per  cent,  and  in 
amount  $1,315,661.14,  or  6.46  -per  cent. 

MONEY  ORDER  AND  POSTAL  NOTE  TOTALS. 

The  enormous     Til 6  grand  total  of  douicstic  and  international  money 

gross  totalof-  -  ,,  ,  .  ...  . 

domestic  and  in-  ordcrs  and  postal  notes  issued  during  the  year  was 
moiicyVto^ami  22,118,944,  an  increase  of  2,015,980,  or  10.03  per  cent;  the 
n^piymlnt's"!""  total  amouut  issued  was  $156,821,348.24,  or  an  increase  of 
$9,738,510.11,  or  6.02  per  cent;  the  total  number  of  paj^- 
ments  and  repayments  Avas  21,370,746,  an  increase  of 
2,031,318,  or  10.50  per  cent;  the  total  amount  of  the  pay- 
ments and  repayments  was  $145,939,537.98,  an  increase  of 
$8,713,003.38,  or  6.35  per  cent;  and  the  total  fees  received 
amounted  to  $1,555,866.81,  an  increase  of  $120,612.28,  or 
8.40  per  cent. 

BIONEY   ORDER   CONVENTION  WITH   SAN   SALVADOR. 

A  money-order  convention  was  made  during  the  year 
between  San  Salvador  and  the  United  States,  of  which  a 
copy  is  appended  to  the  report  of  the  First  Assistant  Post- 
master-General. 

CANCELING  MACHINES. 

Maciiines  tbat  Tlicrc  are  HOW  in  use  128  cancelingmachines, distributed 
000  k'ttcis  eacii  anioiig  53  of  the  larger  offices  in  proportion  to  their  needs, 
hoursl^'^"  ^  ^""^  Filty  three  of  these  machines  have  an  average  capacity  oi 
18,000  to  20,000  letters  postmarked  and  canceled  per  hour, 
and  rent  for  $400  per  annum  each;  while  the  remaining  75 
machines  show  an  average  capacity  of  5,000  to  6,000  can- 
cellations per  hour,   and  rent  for  $200  x)er  annum  each.     1 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTJUASTER-GENERAL.         495 

liave  recommended  an  aiDpropriation  of  $C0,O00,  an  increase 
of  $10,000  over  last  year's  appropriation,  for  tlie  rental  of 
canceling  macliines. 

MAIL  TRANSPORTATION. 

Tbe  bureau  of  the  Second  Assistant  Postmaster-General  ^^'^1^^  ll^l^^^ 
is  charged  with  the  duty  of  providing  for  all  forms  of  trans-  '^"^  J^^^"''^^''''"- 
portation;  also  with  the  certification  of  the  extent  of  serv- 
ice actually  performed,  based  upon  which  the  accounts 
representing  the  cost  of  the  service  are  stated  and  pay- 
ments made.  The  operation  of  the  Eailway  Mail  Service 
and  of  tbe  Foreign  Mails  Service  and  their  expenditures 
are  under  the  direction  of  the  Second  Assistant  Postmaster- 
General. 

INLAND  MAIL   SERVICE  IN  OPERATION  AND  ANNUAL  RATE 
OF  EXPENDITURE. 

The  extent  of  this  class  of  mail  service  in  operation,  and  ^e^^^^^ice  ^^^^^. 
the  annual  rate  of  expenditure  on  June  30,  1893,  is  shown  "'^^ly- 
in  the  following  summary: 

Number  of  routes 30,  831 

Leugtb  of  routes miles..  453,832.83 

Anuual  rate  of  expenditure $43,  597,  997. 55 

Number  of  miles  traveled  per  annum 381,  499,  085.  75 

Comparison  with  the  report  for  June  30,  1892,  shows : 

Per  cent. 
An  increase  in  routes  of  989,  or 3.  31 

An  increase  in  lengtb  of  routes  of  6,241.90  miles,  or 1.  39 

An  increase  in  the  annual  rate  of  expenditures  of  $2,262,625.30,  or.  5. 47 

STAR   SERVICE. 

This  designation  applies  to  all  classes  of  inland  transpor- 
tation not  embraced  under  that  of  railroad  or  steamboat; 
and  while  there  exists  an  imi^ressiou  that  its  extent  steadily 
declines  and  its  importance  becomes  less  and  less,  the  oppo- 
site is  really  the  case. 

The  star  service  reaches  the  remotest  portions  of  our  where  thestar 
country;  it  quickly  follows  the  pioneer;  and  it  is  mainly  trateL?^  peuo- 
by  means  of  such  service  that  the  advance  settlers  with 
their  families  are  partially  compensated  for  the  many  depri- 
vations incurred  in  opening  up  new  sections  of  our  country. 
It  keeps  them  in  touch  with  the  outer  world,  and  its  effi- 
ciency and  reliability  are  of  the  greatest  moment. 

My  interest  in  the  improvement  of  this  character  of  mail    f  ^^le  rigid 

•^  -■•  enforcement   oi 

service  has  caused  me  to  inquire  into  the  methods  apply- existing  statutes 

■*■  J-  J-    ^     jjjj^  regulations. 

ing  to  the  enforcement  of  the  obligations  of  contractors, 


496         REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

and  I  liave  encouraged  and  supported  the  efforts  of  the 
bureau  officers  in  tlie  direction  of  a  more  rigid  enforcement 
of  already  existing  statutes  and  regulations,  intended  to 
promote  better  results  from  star  service.  It  may  become 
advisable  from  time  to  time  to  recommend  the  enactment 
of  additional  laws  that  will  tend  to  the  betterment  of  this 
class  of  service. 
In  the  carrying  out  of  the  policy  of  advancing  the  stand- 
Improvements  aixl  of  the  Star  scrvicc,  it  has  been  ordered  that  hereafter 

lu  tlio  star  serv-  ' 

ice.  subcontracts,  authorized  by  the  act  of  May  17, 1878,  must 

be  filed  in  the  department,  or  certification  must  be  made 
that  none  have  been  executed  j  and  failures  to  comply  with 
the  requirements  of  the  order  will  be  considered  sufficient 
ground  for  delaying  the  quarterly  certification  of  the  per- 
formance of  the  service.  This  order  can  not  be  made  fully 
effective  before  January  ] ,  1894,  but  already  a  large  number 
of  subcontracts  and  certificates  have  been  filed.  Hereaf- 
ter it  will  be  made  more  difficult  to  shirk  the  responsibili- 
ties lawfully  imposed  in  the  contracts;  and  it  is  confidently 
expected  that  outright  failures  to  perform  the  service  will 
become  lessened,  and  at  the  same  time  the  efforts  of  the 
contractors  to  render  an  efficient  service  become  greater. 
Clerical  labor     j^  this  conucctiou  I  dcsirc  to  call  attention  to  the  desira- 

unnecessarilj- 

employed.  bility  of  repealing  parts  of  section  413,  Revised  Statutes, 
requiring  certain  rej^orts  to  be  made  to  Congress  relating 
to  contract  mail  service.  I  am  informed  that  these  rej)orts 
are  no  longer  printed,  and  the  clerical  labor  employed  in 
their  preparation  could  be  used  to  much  advantage  in  con- 
nection with  other  duties  for  the  advancement  of  the  gen- 
eral service. 

REGULATION  "WAGON   SERVICE. 

This  service  is  rendered  necessary  in  connection  with  the 
transferring  of  the  mails  in  large  cities,  and  is  reaUyapart 
of  the  star  service  system.  During  tlie  past  summer  it  has 
been  made  possible  to  materially  advance  its  character  in 
all  the  large  cities  on  the  Atlantic  slope.  The  time  had 
rvcorganizatioiiariived  requiring  a  complete  reorganization  of  the  van 
gerv^ke^  ^''°""  equipment,  and  the  contractors,  with  few  exceptions,  recog- 
nized the  necessity  of  the  case  and  heartily  cooperated, 
which  resulted  in  the  introduction  of  practically  an  entire 
new  wagon  equipment  in  ten  cities.  In  the  constructiou  of 
the  new  wagons  attention  has  been  given  to  the  introduc- 
tion of  improvements  iu  locks,  and  to  telltale  devises  com- 
municating to  the  drivers  any  attempt  to  oi)en  the  doors 
of  the  wagons  while  en  route. 


REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  497 

The  improvements  tliat  have  led  to  the  iucreased  effi- 
ciency of  the  regulation  van  system  will  be  extended  as 
rapidly  as  possible  to  that  of  screened  wagons  which  have 
become  an  important  adjunct  of  the  vans  in  cities  and 
towns  where  the  extent  of  the  mails  is  not  so  great. 

It  is  my  purpose  that  further  consideration  shall  be  given 
to  the  providing  of  safeguards  to  insure  a  maximum  amount 
of  protection  to  the  mails  which  are  required  to  be  trans- 
ferred by  wagons  in  cities. 

STEAMBOAT   SERVICE. 

This  class  of  service  does  not  grow  in  extent,  and  there 
is  a  steady  decline  in  its  cost.  Its  importance,  however, 
is  upon  a  parity  with  star  service,  and  the  improvements 
in  the  methods  I  have  outlined  as  applying  to  star  service 
it  is  expected  to  enforce  in  connection  with  that  ui)on 
inland  steamboat  routes. 

RAILROAD   TRANSPORTATION. 

It  can  be  readily  understood  why  it  is  that  this  class  of  The  great  im- 
service  embraces  all  of  the  most  important  features  of  the  roa/ ton°sporta- 
mail  transportation ;  and,  correspondingly,  its  cost  is  by 
far  the  largest  item  of  outlay  incurred  by  the  Post-Office 
Department.  The  mail  service  by  railroad  carriers  practi- 
cally covers  the  entire  railroad  system  of  the  country,'  the 
Department's  arrangements  being  such  that  contempora- 
neously with  the  completion  of  a  new  line  its  value  for 
mail  purposes  is  determined  and  matters  adjusted  for  the 
inauguration  of  the  improved  mail  service. 

So  far  as  I  have  been  enabled  to  acquaint  myself  Avith  the    Eaiiroada  wii 

,..,  .^T-jijij  .  „     ,  linff  to  cooperate 

details  associated  with  the  transportation  of  the  mails  by  ^Jth  theDepart- 
railroads,  I  am  impressed  favorably  with  the  spirit  of  will- 
ingness on  the  part  of  railroad  managers  to  cooperate  with 
the  Department  in  rendering  the  mail  service  effective.  I 
have  knowledge  of  instances  in  which  there  has  been  an 
unwillingness  to  do  all  for  the  advancement  of  the  mails 
which  seemed  essential,  but  with  few  exceptions  the  sug- 
gestions of  the  Department  are  favorably  entertained,  and 
it  is  thereby  made  possible  to  steadily  render  the  mail  serv- 
ice by  railroad  routes  more  frequent  and  complete  in  the 
extent  of  its  distribution  and  in  the  time  occupied  between 
route  termini. 

The  fast  mail  service  between  the  Korth  and  the  South    ^ew  fast  mails 
has  receutly  been  much  enlarged.    Following  the  coast  line,  Northland  \hl 
its  extent  and  rapidity  will  (commencing  with  December)  ^'"'^^' 
be  more  complete  than  heretofore  3  and  by  means  of  the 
Ab.  93 32 


498  REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

interior  lines,  it  Las  recently  been  made  possible  to  inaugu- 
rate a  double  daily  fast  mail  service  connecting  the  great 
business  centers  of  the  North  with  New  Orleans,  by  way  of 
Atlanta  and  Montgomery.  The  hours  of  these  trains  are 
those  most  prefeiTed  by  the  Dei^artment,  and  it  has  thereby 
been  rendered  possible  to  accomplish  connections  which 
provide  equally  well  for  both  letter  and  daily  newspaper 
mails. 
t-J!fe^n  th^^East  ^^^  liave  also  been  enabled  to  effect  a  quickening,  both 
an  d    California  east  and  west  bound,  of  the  transcontinental  fast  mail  train 

suortened.  ' 

that  will  have  especial  advantages  for  the  commercial  inter- 
ests of  California. 

ELECTRIC  LINES. 

car*'ifnes^^to*^bo  ^*  *^^*  point  it  is  in  place  for  me  to  call  attention  to  the 
further  utilized,  importaiicc  whicli  already  attaches  to,  and  which  I  believe 
will  grow  from,  the  utilization  of  the  electric  car  lines  foi 
mail  transportation  purposes.  These  companies  can  per- 
forin much  service  that  otherwise  would  dei;)end  on  star 
carriers;  and  as  the  visible  outlay  incurred  by  the  roads 
is  small,  they  are  disposed  to  acceiot  ordinary  railroad  rates 
for  the  same.  My  desire  is,  that  wherever  the  general  ser- 
vice can  be  advanced,  without  the  duplication  of  routes  un- 
necessarily, it  is  in  the  direction  of  improvement  to  make 
use  of  rapid  transit  street  and  suburban  car  lines. 

THE   RAILWAY  MAIL   SERVICE. 

What  the  rail-  This  feature  of  the  system  of  mail  transportation  derives 
accomplishes,  its  greatest  imi)ortance  from  the  fact  that  by  its  means  it 
has  become  possible  to  place  the  way  points  and  smaller 
offices  throughout  the  country  on  the  same  plane  as  the 
larger  and  terminal  offices.  It  is  not  alone  railroad  points, 
but  also  star-service  points,  that  gain  bj^  its  methods.  It 
has  been  my  purpose  to  render  this  service  more  and  more 
efficient;  and,  as  it  became  so,  to  enlarge  upon  its  system 
of  distiibution  and  at  the  same  time  add  to  the  frequency 
of  operating  the  railway  post-offices. 

Not  until  I  assumed  the  direction  of  the  i)0stal  service 

did  I  fully  understand  and  appreciate  the  importance  of 

this  part  of  the  general  mail  service;  and  as  I  become  more 

itsannyofem- and  more  familiar  with  its  details  my  interest  in  its  prog- 

ploy6s.  J-       C7 

ress  is  being  broadened.  The  extent  of  its  clerical  force  at 
the  beginning  of  the  present  fiscal  year  was  6,G4a  men,  and 
the  requirements  of  this  year,  it  is  estimated,  will  call  for 
an  increase  in  the  number  to  i^ossibly  7,000  men. 


REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  499 

I  have  been  mucli  impressed  with  the  hazardous  nature    "^idows   and 

^  ....^    ^  j_  orphans    of    em- 

of  the  service  i3erformed  by  railway  postal  clerks,  and  rec-  pioy^s  kiiieci  in 

^  .7  »;    X  7  the  service  ouglit 

ommend  that  such  legislation  be  provided  as  shall  permit  to  be  provided 

^  ^  -^  for. 

of  the  granting  to  widows  and  minor  clnldreu  of  those 
killed  on  duty  of  a  reasonable  sum.  It  is  right  that  the 
Department  be  permitted  to  extend  protection — as  it  now 
does — to  those  injured  j  and  it  ought  not  to  be  difficult  to 
formulate  a  measure,  removed  from  the  possibility  of  abuse, 
that  will  relieve  the  j)ecuniary  distresses  of  those  who  were 
dependent  on  the  dead  clerk.  At  most  it  would  involve 
an  outlay  of  less  than  $20,000  annually;  and  with  the 
determination  of  the  Department  that  only  the  best  and 
most  improved  class  of  railway  post  office  car  equipment 
shall  be  accepted  in  its  ser\ice,  it  is  probable  the  per- 
centage of  deaths  arising  from  moving-train  casualties 
would  decline. 
Another  matter  has  been  brought  to  my  notice  in  con-  .Efficiency  of 

"  ''  the  mail  service 

nection  with  this  service  ;  that  is,  the  enlargement  of  the  'lemandsreorgan. 

'  "^  ization  and  corps 

Railway  Mail  Service  organization.  I  learn  that  the  of  auxiliary 
organization  now  in  force  was  created  when  the  service 
was  insignificant  as  compared  with  the  present ;  and 
fiirthermore,  the  character  of  the  duties  were  very  different 
from  those  now  performed.  I  am  advised  that  the  enlarge- 
ment of  the  organization  will  greatly  advance  the  efficiency 
of  the  mail  service,  and  that  if  a  corps  of  auxiliary  clerks 
is  j)rovided  at  the  same  time  it  will  still  further  add  to  the 
completeness  of  the  service  and  j^ermit  of  its  reaching  out 
more  rapidly  in  the  direction  of  the  i)reparation  of  mail 
matter,  while  in  transit,  for  immediate  delivery  to  the 
addresses  at  local  post-offices. 

This  being  the  case,  it  would  seem  to  be  a  matter  of 
public  interest  that  early  provision  be  made  for  the 
changes  recommended,  and  for  a  reclassification  of  the 
Eailway  Mail  Service. 

MAIL,  EQUIPMENT. 

I  have  in  the  treatment  of  the  subject  of  railroad  trans-    importance  ot 
portation  made  some  reference  to  the  weight  of  the  equip-  maintamhis^us 
ment  belonging  to  the  Department,  and  my  desire  that  am/7ock  ^rei)aif 
greater  attention  shall  be  given  hereafter  to  its  construction  ''^^^^' 
with  a  view  to  maintaining,  and  possibly  adding  to,  its 
durability,   while  at  the  same  time  reducing  its  weight. 
With  this  end  in  view,  the  importance  of  the  Department 
maintaining  direct  control  of  the  reconstruction  of  both  its 
bag  and  lock  equipment  becomes  greater  than  heretofore. 
It  is  through  the  exercise  of  this  supervision  that  it  is  ren- 


500  REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

dered  possible  to  fix  the  responsibility  for  repairs  and  to 
clieck  the  lack  of  interest  that  natnrally  would  follow  were 
the  control  of  the  repairs  diverted  from  the  Department 
chiefs. 

FOREIGN  MAILS. 

The  most  important  matter  associated  at  present  with 
this  branch  of  mail  transportation  is  doubtless  that  of  the 
additional  cost  that  has  been  incurred  through  the  appli- 
cation of  the  act  of  March  3,  1891,  to  provide  for  ocean 

rostai  subsidy,  mail  scrvicc  between  the  United  States  and  foreign  jwrts. 
Ko  new  engagements  have  been  entered  into  since  I 
assumed  charge  of  the  Department,  and  the  extent  of  the 
service  under  this  act  has  been  curtailed  by  the  discontin- 
uance of  three  of  the  routes,  resulting,  however,  in  no  dis- 
advantage to  the  mail  service.  I  am  unable  to  ascertain 
that  any  i)Ositive  advantages  have  accrued,  from  either  a 
mail  or  a  commercial  point  of  view,  by  reason  of  the  con- 
tracts thus  far  placed  in  operation  under  the  act  of  March 
3,  1891. 

Advantages     I  believc  the  ocean  mail  service  contract  routes  on  which 

incommensurate  .  .  ,      .  ,        n  n  i  •    , 

with  cost.  service  is  now  being  actually  performed  were  in  existence 
and  were  having  performed  on  them  the  same  service  before 
the  change  in  compensation  took  place j  and  it  is  probable 
that  had  the  Department  not  executed  contracts  the  steam- 
ship companies  would  still  have  found  it  desirable  to  con- 
tinue their  operation  as  at  i)resent.  The  gains  in  the  expe- 
dition of  the  mails  have  not  been  material,  and  the  advan- 
tages to  be  derived  from  the  Government's  control  of  the 
ships  other  than  first-class  ships  do  not  seem  to  be  sufiScient 
to  outweigh  the  additional  cost  involved  and  which  becomes 
directly  chargeable  to  therevenuesof  thePost-OfiiceDepart- 
ment.  No  new  contracts  have  been  entered  into  under  the 
act  of  1891,  and  but  three  of  the  lines  already  under  con- 
tract have  not  yet  entered  upon  this  service,  viz :  Galveston 
to  La  Guayra  (route  No.  30),  which  has  had  its  date  for 
starting  changed  to  January  15,  1891;  New  York  to  South- 
ampton (route  No.  57),  and  New  York  to  Antwerp  (route 
No.  58).  The  two  last  routes  are  not  required  to  enter 
regularly  upon  the  contract  service  until  October,  1895. 

It  is  worth  while  to  add  respecting  the  two  transatlantic 
routes  that  steamsliips  of  the  highest  class  are  called  for, 
and  already  two  of  the  required  fleet  are  now  employed  on 
route  57,  where  they  were  j)]aced  soon  after  they  were 
naturalized  by  act  of  Congress.  These  two  shii)s  are  pro- 
vided with  sea  post-ofiices  and,  as  such,  are  being  operated 
by  this  Department. 


REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAIi.  501 

The  increased  cost  of  tlie  sea  conveyance  of  the  foreign 
mails  will  appear  in  the  following  table. 

For  1893 .' $406,927.28 

For  1894  (part  estimate ;  amount  reduced  owing  to  the 

discontinuance  of  three  routes) 378,  671.  53     j^^^^.^^^^^  ^^g^ 

For  1895  (estimate) 625,481.  90  of  conveyance 

For  1896  (estimate) 2, 839,  323. 81  ^^c"*?''  ^''^^■'■'^^ 

Covering  tlie  four  years  the  increase  will  be 4,  250, 404. 52 

The  maximum  of  increase,  as  applying  to  the  contracts 
now  in  existence,  will  have  been  reached  in  1890. 

There  are,  however,  special  considerations  in  the  case  of 
the  International  Navigation  Company  which,  in  my 
judgment,  entitle  its  contracts  to  exemption  from  any 
legislation  for  a  repeal  or  a  modification  of  the  subsidy  act 
of  March  3,  1891.    These  considerations  are : 

(1)  That  all  its  ships  constructed  and  to  be  constructed  sideTaTiins*'  ° «- 
are  of  the  first  class,  and  would  be  available  in  case  oftionar°Naviga- 
need  by  the  Government  as  naval  cruisers.  ^'°"  Company. 

(2)  Because  of  the  establishment  on  one  route  of  a 
weekly  service  between  New  York  and  Southampton  and 
on  the  other  their  contract  to  render  a  weekly  service 
between  New  York  and  Antwerp,  the  steamers  calling  at 
Southampton  and  Boulogne  to  laud  mails  and  passengers; 
thus  establishing  semiweekly  mail  service  from  New 
York  under  the  American  flag. 

(3)  This  comi)any  has  already  transferred  from  the  Brit- 
ish to  the  American  flag  the  steamers  N'eio  Yoric  and  Paris, 
and  under  its  contract  will  be  required  to  build  not  less 
than  five  additional  ships  of  this  type,  in  American  ship- 
yards, two  of  which  are  already  in  process  of  construction. 

(4)  Because,  pursuant  to  this  contract,  this  contracting 
company,  when  it  naturalized  the  New  York  and  Paris, 
forfeited  the  British  annual  subsidy  of  £21,000.  It  also,  as 
I  am  informed,  forfeited  fifteen  months'  back  pay,  amount- 
ing to  about  £26,250. 

PARCELS   POST. 

The  desirability  of  the  enlargement  of  the  parcels  post,  j  .'|jtteQ*'t^oQ^  ^^^' 
so  as  to  have  it  apply  especially  to  European  countiies  and  ' 
Great  Britain,  has  been  brought  to  my  attention ;  also  the 
action  of  the  last  Universal  Postal  Congress  reducing  the 
registration  fee;  also  the  matter  of  a  limited  responsibility 
for  the  loss  of,  or  damage  to,  registered  articles  while  in 
transit  through  the  foreign  mails.  All  three  are  matters 
which  should  be  treated  in  connection  with  the  methods 
applying  in  the  domestic  service,  and  I  have  as  yet  been 


502  REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

unable  to  devote  sufficient  time  to  their  proper  considera- 
tion. The  parcels  post  seems  to  me  to  be  of  most  impor- 
tance, and  it  is  my  puri)ose  to  give  it  early  attention. 

Law  to  punish  T.EGISLATIVE  PROTECTION  TO   TRANSPORTATION. 

train  "(vrecking 

My  notice  has  been  called  to  the  additional  protection 
that  would  arise  to  the  mail  service  and  its  railway  postal 
clerks  by  the  enactineut  of  a  Federal  law  for  the  punishment 
of  train  wrecking  or  the  interruption  of  their  running.  It  is 
believed  the  knowledge  of  the  existence  of  such  a  law  would 
oftentimes  prevent  the  wilful  and  malicious  interruption  of 
trains. 

There  is  some  question  as  to  what  constitutes  railway  mail 
service.  All  trains  engaged  in  the  transportation  of  mail 
matter,  whether  it  be  a  single  i)ouch  or  a  railway  postal 
car  service,  should  be  sufficient  to  constitute  them  mail 
trains  and  as  engaged  in  the  mail  service.  The  fact  that 
other  traffic  is  attached  to  the  same  train  should  not  be 
permitted  to  i^lace  in  jeopardy  or  subject  to  delay  this  most 
important  of  all  the  public  service. 

FINANCIAL   CONDITION   OF   THE    SERVICE. 

From  the  report  of  the  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral, the  distribution  of  expenditures  for  the  postal  service 
during  the  fiscal  year  will  be  found  to  be  as  follows: 

Ho-sv  expendi-  Railroad  transportation  of  the  mails $24,  000,  326.  34 

last  year.              Coin])eusatiou  of  postmasters 15,  863,  621.  74 

Free-delivery  service 10,  688,  080.  62 

Compensation  to  clerks  in  post-offices 8,  338,  631.  02 

Comi)cnsatiou  to  railway  post-office  clerks 6,  630,  323.  36 

Star  transportation  of  mails 5,  680,  572.  36 

Railway  postal-car  service 2,  795,  589. 40 

Mail-messenger  service 1,200,  397.78 

Trausj)ortation  of  foreign  mails 1,  097,  867. 25 

Manufacture  of  stamped  envelopes,  newspaper  wrap- 
pers, and  letter  sheets .■ 994,  841.  85 

Rent,  light,  and  fuel  in  first  and  second  class  offices. ..  738,  717.  00 

Rent,  light,  and  fuel  in  third-class  offices 543, 164.  52 

Inland  mail  transportation,  steamboat 403,  812.  75 

Manufacture  of  postage  stamps 312, 110.  93 

Manufacture  of  postal  cards 258,  930.  86 

Special-delivery  service 256,  592.  71 

Mail  depredatious  and  post-office  inspectors 234,  977. 88 

Mail  bags  and  mail-bag  catchers 234,  373.  21 

Necessary  and  special  facilities 192,  318.  60 

Wrapping  twine 108,  952.  00 

Expenditure  under  twenty-one  other  items  of  appropri- 
ation-   499,902.72 

Total  actual  expenditure  on  account  of  the  year 81,  074, 104. 90 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         503 

Tlie  entire  postal  revenue  ^as  as  follows : 

Letter  postage  paid  in  money,  the  bulk  of 

which  consists  of  balance  due  and  paid 

by  foreign  postal  administrations $72,  305.  81  Blow  tho  reve- 

■'^            "    ^  '  nue  was  earned. 

Box  rents  at  post-offices 2,  492,  336.  60 

Fines  and  penalties 22,  347. 08 

Sales  of  j)Ostage  stamps,  stamped  envel- 
opes, newspaper  wrappers,  letter 
sheets,  and  postal  cards .• 72,  359,  213.  59 

Receipts  from  unclaimed  dead  letters. . .  12,  537. 57 

Miscellaneous  receipts 24, 127. 12 

Receipts  from  money-order  business 914,  065.  39 

Total  receipts •- $75,  896,  933. 16 

Deficiency  of  revenue 5, 177, 171. 74 

Tills  statement  does  not  include  all  the  transactions  of 
the  postal  service  on  account  of  the  year.  As  always  hap- 
pens when  the  Department  makes  up  its  annual  financial 
statement,  there  are  a  number  of  outstanding  obligations 
which  it  is  not  possible  to  satisfy  before  the  close  of  the 
year,  and  which  are  therefore  left  over  for  subsequent 
settlement.  It  is  estimated  that  for  the  past  year  there 
are  accounts  still  outstanding  amounting  to  $471,212.09. 

The  amounts  earned  by  what  are  known  as  the  subsi-  eS'uifgs'^notTn 
dized  Pacific  Railroads,  for  transporting  the  mails  during  <^^"'^*''^^"''^^°^®- 
the  year,  are  likewise  not  included  in  the  statement  above; 
as,  under  the  provisions  of  law,  these  earnings,  instead  of 
being  paid  over  direct  by  the  Department,  are  certified  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  for  credit  in  the  accounts 
of  the  companies  with  the  Government.  These  earnings 
amounted  during  the  year  to  $1,617,845.83. 

If  the  outstanding  liabilities  of  the  Department  and  the 
amounts  earned  by  the  subsidized  railroads  were  added  to 
the  year's  expenditures,  the  deficiency  of  receipts  would 
be  $7,266,229.66,  instead  of  the  amount  above  stated. 

COMPARISON  OF  1893  WITH  1892. 

The  postal  receipts  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1893,  Postal businesa 

as  above  stated,  amounted  to $75,  896,  933. 16  compared. 

For  the  i^revious  year  they  amounted  tb 70,  930,  475.  98 

Increase  for  1893 4,  966,  457. 18 

Per  cent  of  increase 7.  06 

The  total  expenditures  for  1893,  not  including  out- 
standing liabilities  or  Pacific  Railroad  earnings, 
amounted,  as  above  stated,  to 81,  074, 104.  90 

The  expenditures  for  1892,  with  the  same  exclusions, 
amounted  to 76,323,762.29 

Increase  for  1893 4,  750,  342. 61 

Per  cent  of  increase 6. 22 


504         REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

The  total  actual  deficiency  of  revenue  for  1893,  not 
taking  into  account  outstanding  liabilities  or  Pacific 
Railroad  earnings,  was $5, 177, 171.  74 

For  1892,  it  was 5,393,286.31 

Decrease  for  1893 216,114.57 

Per  cent  of  decrease 4. 17 

APPROPRIATION  ACCOUXT. 

The  total  of  the  appropriations  made  by  Congress  for 

the  service  of  the  year  was $81,  204,  406.  05 

The  total  of  the  expenditures,  as  before  stated,  was. . .     81,  074, 104. 90 

Excess  of  appropriations  over  expenditures 130,  301. 15 

There  were  three  items  in  which  the  expenditures  ex- 
Dehcitncy  ap-     needed  the  appropriations,  namely : 
propriations  re-   Comiiensation  of  j)ostmasters — the  excess 
quired.  ^^^^^ $613,321.74 

Advertising — the  excess  being 1,  974. 27 

Mail-messenger  service — the  excess  being. .  397. 78 


Total  excesses 615,  993. 79 

This  amount,  added  to  the  above,  gives  the  total  un- 
expended balances  of  appropriation 746,  294. 94 

In  the  three  cases  where  the  expehditures  were  in  excess, 
deficiency  appropriations  Avill  have  to  be  made. 

SPECIAL-DELIVERY    SYSTEM. 

I  am  pleased  to  report  that  in  this  interesting  branch  of 
the  postal  service  there  has  been  a  marked  increase  of  busi- 
ness over  that  of  the  i)revioiis  year.  I  do  not  refer  in  this 
so  much  to  the  volume  as  to  the  rate  of  increase,  for  taken 
altogether  the  special-delivery  system  is  not  a  very  consider- 
able branch  of  the  postal  service. 
speci.ai   (leiiv-     Xhe  entire  number  of  letters  or  other  pieces  of  matter 

ery  business.  ^ 

mailed  duriug  the  year  for  special  delivery  was  3,375,693, 
which  shows  an  increase  over  the  previous  year's  mailing  of 
nearly  22  i^er  cent.  The  value  of  the  special- delivery  stamps 
on  this  matter  was  $337,509.30.  and  the  aggregate  of  the 
messengers'  fees  paid  for  delivery  was  $250,592.71,  leaving 
a  i^rofit  to  the  Government  of  $80,970.59. 

The  average  time  for  making  delivery  was  nineteen  min- 
utes. 

There  were  employed  during  the  year  an  average  of  nearly 
1,500  messengers  at  the  larger  offices,  most  of  them  boys. 

ISSUES  OF  STAMPED  PAPER. 

The  issues  during  the  year  of  the  various  forms  of  stamped 
paper — the  sales  of  which  constitute  over  95  per  cent  of  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         505 

postal  revenue — aggregated  the  enormous  number  of  over 
3,900,000,000  piece^  made  up  of  the  following  items: 

Ordinary  postage  stamps $1, 705, 788, 095 

Columbian  postage  stamps 1,  044,  504,  995 

Special-delivery  stamps 3,  528,  070 

Newspaper  and  periodical  stamps 4, 171,  091     Stamped  rapei 

Postage-due  stamps 18, 101, 960 

Ordinary  stamped  envelopes 218,  314,  436 

Special-request  stamped  en  velopes 308,  354,  500 

Columbian  stamped  envelopes: 

Plain 26,  961,  000 

Special-request 27, 789,  500 

Stamped  newspaper  wrappei'S 54,  860,  000 

Stamped  letter-slieet  envelopes 755,  754 

Postal  cards— all  kinds 530,  505,  600 

Total 3,943,635,001 

These  issues  represent  a  value  of  $75,494,875.17. 

NEWSPAPERS  AND   PERIODICALS  MAILED. 

The  paid  mailings  during  the  year  of  what  is  generally- 
known  as  second-class  matter — being  newspapers  and  peri- 
odicals sent  by  publishers  and  news  agents — aggregated  in 
weight  over  255,000,000  pounds,  which  brought  in  a  postage 
revenue  of  $2,556,342.13.  Adding  the  estimated  weight  of 
free  matter  of  this  class  gives  a  total  of  the  year's  mailings 
of  nearly  301,000,000  ijounds,  which  represents  an  increase 
over  the  previous  year's  business  of  more  than  14  -per  cent.  wLat  second- 
As  this  rate  of  increase  is  double  that  of  the  year's  increase  tistics  indicate. 
of  postal  revenue  taken  in  its  entirety,  I  am  afraid  that 
these  statistics  indicate  not  so  much  a  healthy  growth  in 
the  periodical  literature  of  the  country  as  the  success  of 
enterprising  publishers  in  securing  the  entry  of  many  pub- 
lications into  this  favored  class  of  mail  matter  that  are  not 
really  entitled  to  the  privilege. 

I  propose  to  give  this  subject,  when  opportunity  shall 
permit,  more  thorough  consideration. 

POSTAL    CARDS. 

The  contract  entered  into  in  1889  for  furnishing  the 
Department  with  postal  cards  comprehended  three  difterent 
kinds — the  first  a  very  small  card  made  of  fine  tinted  paper, 
costing  37  cents  a  thousand;  the  second,  a  card  of  the  size 
and  general  character  that  had  always  been  issued  from 
the  introduction  of  xjostal  cards  in  1873,  costing  35  cents  a 
thousand;  and  the  third,  a  large  card  made  of  heavy  jute 
paper,  costing  50  cents  a  thousand.     From  the  estimate 


506         REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

made  iu  the  specifications  under  wliicli  this  contract  was 
awarded,  it  wouhl  seem  that  the  expecfation  of  the  Depart- 
ment was  that  one-half  of  the  entire  issues  of  these  cards 
would  be  made  up  of  the  old  or  medium  size,  and  that  the 
other  half  would  be  equally  divided  between  the  small  and 
the  large  sizes.  This  expectation,  I  regret  to  say,  has  in  no 
respect  been  fulfilled.  It  has  turned  out  that  the  largest 
and  costliest  card  is  the  one  in  greatest  -demand,  amounting 
now  to  more  than  two-thirds  of  all  the  cards  issued;  the 
medium  card  is  the  next  in  demand,  though  the  issnes  are 
relatively  less  as  time  goes  on ;  while  the  small  cards  are 
less  than  2  per  cent  of  the  total  issues. 
One  size  only  of  As  the  large  Card  was  costing  the  Department  over  40 
thl^^Jving  wMch  psr  cent  more  than  the  medium  card,  and  had  besides  some 
■wui  result.  disadvantages  in  connection  with  the  handling  of  it  in  the 
mails,  while  the  small  card  was  totally  unnecessary,  and 
the  other  was  gradually  being  displaced,  I  deemed  it  advis- 
able, when  the  contract  was  near  its  termination,  to  adver- 
tise for  the  furnishing  of  but  one  kind  of  card,  3J  by  5i 
inches  in  dimensions — the  size  prescribed  by  the  Postal 
Union  Convention — and  of  the  general  quality  of  paper  that 
the  people  had  been  accustomed  to  iu  the  medium  form  of 
card.  Under  the  call  thus  made,  the  Department  received 
'  '  a  number  of  advantageous  proposals,  the  lowest  of  which 

was  accepted  and  a  contract  made  which  went  into  efiect 
on  the  first  of  October  last.  If  this  contract  is  carried  out, 
a  handsome  saving  will  be  made  as  compared  with  the 
expenditure  under  the  previous  contract. 

The  saving  on  the  basis  of  the  past  year's  issues  is  here 
shown : 

Small  cards  issued,  8,990,250,  at  37  cents  a  thousand $3,  326.  39 

Medium  cards  issued,  171,722,450,  at  35  ceuts  a  thousand  .  60, 102.  91 
Large  cards-  issued,  336.259,150,  at  50  cents  a  thousand ...     168, 129. 58 

Total  cost  under  old  contract 231,  558. 88 

Cost  of  the  same  number  of  cards  of  the  new  size  at  32.87 

cents  a  thousand,  the  present  contract  rate 169,  928.  64 

Saving  on  one  year's  issues 61,  630.  24 

Quadrupling  this  amount — four  years  being  the  duration 
of  the  contract — gives  a  total  saving  to  the  Government  of 
$240,520.90. 

REGISTRATION  STATISTICS. 

The  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-General  reports  the 
number  of  letters  and  other  pieces  of  mail  matter  registered 


EEPORTOF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         507 

dmiug  the  year  to  be  15,561,410,  of  which  12,802,394  were 
paid  registrations,  and  the  remainder  were  free.    This  shows 
an  increase  of  only  2  per  cent  over  the  bnsiness  of  the  pre- 
vious year. 
On  the  1st  of  January,  1893,  the  fee  for  registration  was    Eeduction   of 

'  '  registration     fee 

reduced  from  10  to  8  cents,  under  an  order  made  a  short  results  in  loss  of 
time  before.    On  business  transacted,  therefore,  during  the  increase  of  reg- 
six  months  from  that  date  to  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year,  ^^  '^^  usmess. 
there  was  a  loss  to  the  postal  revenue  of  2  cents  for  every 
transaction.    The  total  loss  was  $129,449.24. 

It  is  a  singular  fact  that  the  reduction  of  the  registry 
fee  has  caused  no  increase  of  registry  business. 

The  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-General  recommends  a 
restoration  of  the  former  fee,  but  as  yet  I  have  not  concurred 
in  this  recommendation. 

INDESmiTY  FOR  LOST  REQISTERED    MATTER. 

The  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-General  recommends  the 
enactment  of  a  law  under  which  indemnity,  not  to  exceed 
$10  in  any  case,  can  be  made  for  actual  losses  in  the  regis- 
tered mails  after  investigation  has  shown  recovery  to  be 
impossible. 

The  reasons  for  his  recommendations  are  that  under  such 
a  law  greater  confidence  in  the  registry  system  would  be 
given  the  public,  and  that  thereby  a  much  greater  amount 
of  business  would  be  done;  besides  which,  the  amount  of 
losses,  judging  by  past  experience,  calculated  even  at  the 
maxinuim  of  $10  each,  would  be  comparatively  small — in 
the  aggTcgate  probably  not  over  $7,000  a  year. 

Upon  the  whole,  I  regard  the  proposition  as  a  good  one —  Proposition  for 
being  in  the  line  with  the  policy  of  other  postal  administra-  lossTi^registered 
tions — and  I  therefore  recommend  that  Congress  be  asked  "''^  er.appro^e  . 
to  authorize  it. 

TELEGRAPHIC  RATES. 

Under  the  act  of  Congress  of  July  24, 1866,  the  authority 
was  vested  in  the  Postmaster-General  to  fix  the  rates  for 
telegraphic  communications  for  the  several  Departments  of 
the  Government.  By  an  amendment  approved  July  5, 
1892,  telegraphic  dispatches  of  the  Weather  Bureau,  De- 
partment of  Agriculture,  were  excepted,  the  rates  for  which 
are  now  fixed  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture. 

The  princii)al  companies  of  the  country,  and  in  fact  nearly 
all  of  them,  have  from  time  to  time  accepted  the  provisions 
of  the  act  of  1800 ;  they  have  transmitted  the  messages  of  the 
Government  at  the  rates  fixed  by  the  several  Postmasters- 


508         REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

General,  up  to  the  time  tbat  the  new  rates  were  proposed 
by  Postmaster-General  Wanamaker,  October  30, 1889.  The 
leading-  companies  jiro tested  against  the  rates  which  were 
then  established,  although  they  continued  to  send  the  mes- 
sages of  the  Government  and  such  payments  as  were  made 
were  accepted  by  them  under  jirotest.  Suits  have  been 
instituted  by  at  least  one  of  the  leading  companies  in  the 
Court  of  Claims  to  recover  the  price  of  the  service  at  the 
rates  charged  the  public. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  i^resent  fiscal  year,  after  consid- 
erable investigation  of  the  subject,  I  fixed  rates  under  which 
the  Departmental  telegraphic  business  of  the  Government 
is  now  being  transacted.  These  rates  are  about  8  per  cent 
below  those  fixed  by  Posmaster-General  Dickinson,  June 
29, 1888,  and  have  been  accepted  by  the  companies. 

COLUMBIAN  POSTAGE   STAMPS. 

In  1889  the  usual  contract  for  the  manufacture  of  the 
adhesive  postage  stamps  was  made  with  the  American 
Bank  Kote  Company  at  the  price  of  7.47  cents  per  thousand. 
In  1892  Postmaster- General  Wanamaker  entered  into  an 
arrangement  with  the  same  company  for  an  issue  of  stamps 
commemorative  of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus, 
known  as  "Columbian  stamps,"  for  use  during  the  year 

Original  con-  ^     '  -, 

tract  for  the  i  a  1893.  It  was  agreed  that  the  issue  of  these  stamps  to  be 
bian  postage  taken  aud  i)aid  for  by  the  Government  should  be  not  less 
8  amps.  than  three  thousand  millions  (3,000,000,000)  in  number  5 

that  the  price  should  be  17  cents  per  thousand,  and  further, 
that  the  existing  contract  for  the  ordinary  stamps  should 
be  extended  three  months,  and  that  the  additional  three 
months'  supply  should  be  taken  aud  paid  for  by  the  Gov- 
ernment. 

It  was  supposed  that  these  stamps  would  be  in  great 
demand  by  the  stamj)  collectors  of  the  world,  and  that  the 
contract  would  result  in  a  large  profit  to  the  Government; 
indeed,  a  profit  in  all  of  $2,500,000  was  estimated. 

Exx^erience  did  not  establish  the  correctness  of  this  esti- 
mate.   In  fact,  as  eailj'  as  June  last  I  became  satisfied  that 
The  contem-  frhc  cxtra  salcs  of  stauips  induced  by  this  issue  would  not 
Dot  reseat.  **  "  be  likely  to  yield  enough  profit  to  make  good  the  extra 
cost  of  their  manufacture. 

As  this  arrangement  was  made  without  advertisement 
or  comj)etition,  and  was  no  part  of  the  original  contract 
of  November  7,  1889,  I  had  serious  doubts  as  to  its 
validity  and  binding  force  upon  the  Government,  and  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAJL.         509 

question  arose,  What  ouglit  to  be  clone  iu  the  interest  of 
the  Government'? 

First,  I  called  the  attention  of  the  contracting  comj)any 
to  this  subject.  They  met  this  with  an  opinion  from  emi- 
nent counsel  that  the  contract  was  a  valid  obligation,  that 
it  was  duly  executed  and  was  within  the  power  of  the 
Postmaster-General  to  make  emergency  contracts  without 
advertising  or  competition, 

Negotiations  ensued,  with  the  result  that  the  contracting 
company  waived  its  claim  of  right  and  agreed  to  the  prop- 
osition of  the  Department  that  the  issue  of  these  stamps 
should  be  limited  to  2,000,000,000,  also  waiving  claim  for 
profits  on  the  other  1,000,000,000  of  these  stamps.  The 
other  parts  of  the  arrangement  to  remain  in  force. 

The  result  is  a  saving,  in  cost  of  manufacture  of  1,000,-  js^^^e'' ^os'soo^^ls 
000,000  stamps,  of  the  difference  between  the  existing  con-  sa^^'eci  the  gov- 

7  i-    y  c5  ernment. 

tract  price  for  ordinary  stamps,  7.47  cents  per  thousand, 
and  the  contract  price  for  the  Columbian  issue,  17  cents 
per  thousand,  being  9.53  cents  per  thousand,  or  $95,300  in 
all. 

The  present  indications  are  that  the  amonnt  of  these 
stamps  aslimited  by  this  last  arrangement  will  be  sufficient 
to  meet  all  demands  during  the  year. 

The  action  of  the  American  Bank  Note  Company  in  this 
matter  is  highly  commended,  since  it  must  result  in  a  con- 
siderable loss  of  profits. 

FREE  MAIL  MATTER. 

The  amount  of  free  matter  mailed  and  delivered  during 
the  last  fiscal  year  was  enormous.    The  number  of  pieces  p^]^^^^^*^|j.^|g 
weighed  87,000,000  pounds,  and  are  enumerated  as  follows :  ^'^^''• 

Newspapers  and  periodicals  mailed  free  in  their  resj)ective 

connties  of  pnblication 382,  861,  271 

Ofificial  letters  inclosed  in  penalty  envelopes 62,  580,  886 

Ofl&cial  supplies,  blanks,  twine,  etc.,  mailed  under  free 
penalty  labels 9,461,098 

Franked  matter,  documents,  pampblets,  seeds,  etc 14,  483,  628 

Total  number  of  pieces 469,356,883 

Omitting  newspapers  and  periodicaTis  mailed  free  in  their    what  amonnt 

.-,11..  ,  1  .  of  postage  would 

respective  counties  of  publication,  and  making  no  allow-  have  been  real- 
ance  for  the  many  cases  in  other  classes  where  excess  over 
single  rates  might  occur,  the  amount  of  postage  that  would 
have  been  realized  on  free  matter  mailed  during  the  year 
ending  June  30, 1893,  if  charged  the  same  as  private  mat- 
ter, is  as  follows : 


510         KEPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENEEAL. 

Letters  in  free  penalty  envelopes,  62,580,886  i^ieces,  at  the 

minimum  rate  of  2  cents  a  letter $1,  251,  617 

Official  supplies  of  the  nature  of  merchandise  now  sent 
under  penalty  label,  34,342,824  pounds,  at  the  fourth- 
class  rate,  1  cent  an  ounce 5,  494,  851 

Books  and  othei"  printed  matter,  seeds,  etc.,  now  sent  un- 
der frank,  5,330,203  pounds,  at  the  third-class  rate,  1 
cent  for  every  2  ounces 426,  896 

Total $7,173,364 

This  amount  is  about  equal  to  the  average  deficiency  in 
recent  years,  Pacific  Itailroad  credits  included. 

PACIFIC   KAILROAD   CREDITS. 

The  following  table  will  show  the  amount  certified  to  the 
Eegister  of  the  Treasury,  on  account  of  the  Pacific  rail- 
roads : 

For  year  ending  June  30 — 

1890 $1,208,014.65 

1891 1,337,422.35 

1892 1,  808,  216. 05 

1893 1,627,422.11 

1894  (accrued) 1,  639,  817. 13 

1895  (estimated) 1,888,900.00 

POST-OFFICE   STATISTICS. 

From  the  report  of  the  Fourth  Assistant  Postmaster- 
General  it  will  be  found  that  during  ibhe  year  there  were 
established  2,021  post-offices;  a  decrease  of  1,484;  discon- 
increaso  and  tiuucd,  1,337,  an  iucrcase  of  19;  number  of  Presidential 
post-omceJ!'^'^  °^  post-offices,  3,360,  an  increase  of  204;  number  of  fourth- 
class  offices,  05,043,  an  increase  of  1,080;  number  of  names 
and  sites  changed,  1,563.  The  greatest  increase  in  the 
number  of  post-offices  in  any  of  the  States  for  the  year  was 
95,  in  Texas;  Georgia,  90,  and  in  North  Carolina,  88.  The 
largest  increase  for  the  previous  year  was  158,  in  Pennsyl- 
vania.   The  greatest  decrease  was  22,  in  ]S"ebraska. 

The  total  number  of  post-offices  in  the  United  States  on 
June  30,  1893,  yfc^a  68,403,  an  increase  of  1,284  over  the 
preceding  year.  • 

APPROVAL  OF  BONDS  OF  POSTMASTERS. 

Fonrth  Assist.     ^^  ^^^^  ^^^  of  Cougrcss  of  March  3,  1891,  creating  the 
ant  I'ostmastei-  Burcau  of  the  Fourth  Assistant  Postmaster  General,  no 

General     snoiiJa  ' 

^J^rovo    post-  provision  was  made  for  the  approval  by  that  official  of  the 
bonds  of  i)ostmasters  examined  and  filed  in  his  Bureau. 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         511 

These  bonds  are  still  approved  by  the  First  Assistant  Post- 
master-General (who  formerly  made  appointments  of  fourth- 
class  postmasters),  x)lacing  the  Fourth  Assistant  Post- 
master-General in  the  position  of  being  responsible  for  the 
sufficiency  of  bonds  approved  by  an  official  other  than  him- 
self. This  is  an  oversight  which  1  recommend  be  remedied 
by  an  amendment  of  the  statute,  anthorizing  the  approval 
of  said  bonds  by  the  Fourth  Assistant  Postmaster-General. 
The  total  amount  of  the  penalties  of  the  bonds  at  present 
on  file  amounts  to  about  $127,000,000. 

ARRESTS    FOR    OFFENSES    AGAINST    THE    POSTAL    LATTS. 

During  the  year  1,181  persons  were  arrested  for  violation  criminal  sta- 
of  the  postal  laws,  and  of  these  persons  arrested  227  were 
postal  employes,  65  postmasters,  50  assistant  postmasters, 
28  clerks  in  post-offices,  18  railway  mail  clerks,  27  letter- 
carriers,  20  mail- carriers,  and  19  other  emi)loyes  iu  other 
grades.  When  it  is  remembered  that  there  are  about  185,- 
000  persons  employed  in  the  postal  service,  the  percentage 
is  very  small;  especially  does  this  show  the  integrity  of 
postmasters,  inasmuch  as  out  of  the  08,403  postmasters 
but  65  were  arrested.  Of  the  cases  determined,  380  re- 
sulted in  conviction  and  54  in  acquittal.  There  Avere  228 
arrests  for  burglary. 

SPECIAL   APPROPRIATIONS   FOR  REWARDS. 

The  total  number  of  post  offices  burglarized  during  the 
last  fiscal  year  was  1195,  as  against  1108  during  the  pre- 
vious year.  There  were  223  burglars  arrested,  an  increase 
of  25.  In  view  of  the  large  and  steady  increase  of  this  class 
of  crimes,  and  of  the  fact  that  a  moderate  reward  would  do  f  o'^^^rew^ards 
much  toward  bringing  the  criminals  tojustice,  I  recommend  ■'^^^^'i- 
that  the  Congress  grant  a  special  appropriation  of  $25,000 
for  the  payment  of  rewards  for  the  arrest  and  conviction  of 
post-office  burglars  and  other  depredators  of  the  mails. 

REGISTERED   MAIL-MATTER  LOSSES. 

Of  the  5,546  complaints  received  pertaining  to  registered    ^^^^^^^^ ,  „j.  ^.jj^ 
mail  matter,  2,317  were  for  rifling  or  abstraction,  and  2,708  rpgisteica  mail 

'      '  ^  '  '  demonstrated. 

for  complete  loss  of  lettcis.  Of  the  3,923  complaints  in- 
vestigated, in  2,577  there  was  no  loss,  and  in  1,346  loss  was 
found.  There  were  1,334  complaints  made  without  cause. 
It  is  a  practice  with  dishonest  persons  to  register  a  letter, 
address  it  to  a  creditor,  and  then  swear  that  the  money 
alleged  to  have  been  inclosed  had  been  abstracted  in  the 


512         REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

mails.  As  the  total  number  of  domestic  registered  articles 
during  tlie  year  was  14,533,376,  the  comparatively  few  lost 
speaks  well  for  the  safety  of  the  registered  mail. 

ORDINARY  MAIL  LOSSES. 

Of  the  58,860  complaints  received  of  loss  of  ordinary  mail 
matter,  31,377  were  letters,  and  27,523  packages,  being  an 
increase  of  3,721  over  the  preceding  year,  but  not  incom- 
mensurate with  the  growth  of  the  service.  It  was  found 
that  5,959  complaints  were  without  cause  or  loss. 

SPECIAL  DEPREDATION   CASES. 

There  were,  during  the  past  fiscal  year,  1,195  burglaries 
and  530  burnings  of  post-offices,  69  wrecks  of  postal  cars, 
and  37  stage  robberies.  There  was  an  increase  of  87  bur- 
glaries of  post-offices  over  the  preceding  year,  and  this  class 
of  crime  has  steadily  increased  each  year.  There  was  no 
robbery  of  the  mail  on  railway  trains  during  the  year,  and 
12  stage  robberies  less  than  last  year. 

CIVIL   SERVICE. 

sefvfce"  among     1^  the  post-officc  establishment  of  the  Government  there 
postal  empioj-6s.  rjpg  jjq^  28,324  cmploycs  in  the  classified  civil  service,  to 
wit.: 

Post-Office  Department 451 

Letter-carriers 11, 625 

Clerks  in  post-offices 9,  795 

Railway  mail  clerks 6,  386 

Post-office  inspectors 67 


Total 28,324 

tem'Td^TcatedT^  I  havc  loug  bccu  a  firm  believer  in  the  application  of  the 
merit  system  in  the  selection  of  employes  for  subordinate 
positions  in  the  public  service.  Eight  months  of  practical 
experience  at  the  head  of  the  Post-Office  Department  tends 
strongly  to  confirm  my  belief  in  the  beneficence  of  the  civil- 
service  law.  Indeed,  so  great  have  become  the  proportions 
of  this  Department,  and  the  magnitude  of  its  operations, 
that,  in  my  judgment,  it  would  be  a  matter  of  practical  im- 
possibility to  conduct  its  aifairs  with  any  near  approach 
to  its  present  degree  of  efficiency  without  the  benefit  and 
protection  of  this  law. 

At  the  close  of  your  first  administration  you  made  an  Ex- 
ecutive order  bringing  the  employes  of  the  Eailway  Mail 
Service  into  the  classified  civil  service.  This  order  was,  by 
its  terms,  to  take  eflect  on  March  15,  1889.    Its  operations 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         513 

were  suspended,  until  May  1,  1889,  and  meanwliile  more 
tban  one-tbird  of  all  the  emx^loyes  in  that  branch  of  the 
service  were  displaced  by  new  appointees,  there  being  1,932 
changes  in  all.  This  action  was  the  heaviest  blow  ever  dealt 
the  civil-service  law,  since  the  effect  of  it  was  to  debar 
experienced  clerks  from  the  service  and  to  protect  in  their 
positions  a  large  number  of  new  appointees  a  majority  of 
whom  were  inexperienced. 

It  is  not  to  be  woudered  at  that  the  employes  thus  sum-    j^y^jovau  in 
marily  dismissed  regarded  the  law  itself  as  a  hateful  ob-^'''^^.'*y  ^^'^ 

■'  o  Servicecom- 

struction  to  fair  treatment  and  justice.  This  sentiment  has  mented  on. 
recently  been  emphasized  in  the  case  of  many  who  hoped 
for  reinstatement  upon  discovering  that  the  intervening 
four  years  have  so  far  advanced  their  ages  that  now  they 
are  ineligible  even  for  examination  under  the  age  limit.  In 
this  connection,  however,  it  is  to  be  observed  that  of  the 
],932  i)ersons  appointed  as  I  have  stated  about  one-half 
were  in  the  service  on  March  7th,  1893. 

At  the  time  these  wholesale  removals  were  made  the 
Eailway  Mail  Service  had  attained  ahighstateof  efiQciency. 
The  records  of  the  department  show  that  the  number  of 
pieces  of  mail  matter  correctly  dispatched  were  to  each 
error  as  3,954  is  to  1.  The  first  year  thereafter  the  ratio 
declined  to  2,834  to  1.  The  service  then  being  fully  within 
the  classified  civil  service,  its  efiSciency  gradually  increased 
until,  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  it  was  7,144  to  1. 
It  is  confidently  believed  that  the  current  year  will  show 
a  still  greater  increase.  It  would  not  be  easy  to  find  a 
more  striking  illustration  of  the  value  of  the  civil-service 
system. 

I  am  in  favorof  thefurtherextensionof  thecivil-servicelaw    The  civil  serv. 

ice  system  in  the 

in  the  postal  service,  and  will  very  soon  have  some  specific  re-  postal  service 
quests  to  present  for  your  consideration.  If  there  were  no  tended. 
other  or  better  reason  for  the  rigid  maintenance  of  this  law 
than  that  by  means  of  it  immunity  is  gained,  to  that  extent, 
from  the  importunity  for  appointments  in  the  public  service, 
it  would  still  be  worth  the  while  to  continue  it  in  force, 
although  I  hold  that  through  continuous  service  in  positions 
of  thisclassefficiency  is  greatly  enhanced.  In  this  connection 
I  may  observe  that  much  the  greater  portion  of  my  time  since 
I  assumed  charge  of  this  department  has  been  devoted  to 
questions  afl'ectiiig  the  personnel  of  the  service,  rather  than 
to  the  business  of  the  service  itself;  and  I  have  had  it  hap- 
pen that  vigorous  complaint  has  been  made  to  me  of  an 
error  in  mail  delivery  by  a  gentleman  who  within  a  week 
had  earnestly  urged  the  appointment  of  a  wholly  inexperi- 
Ab.  93 33 


514         REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

euced  niau  to  an  importaut  position  in  tlie  postal  service 
that  involved  technical  knowledge  of  postal  affairs. 

If  the  service  shall  coutinne  to  grow  in  the  future  as  in 
the  past  the  time  will  soon  come  when  it  will  be  impossible 
for  the  Postmaster- General  to  attend  both  to  the  appoint- 
ment of  postmasters  and  also  to  the  business  of  the  Post- 
Office  Department.  Any  change  in  the  present  system, 
by  extending  the  term  of  postmasters  of  all  classes,  or  by 
X)laciug  their  selection  with  the  people  in  the  several  local- 
ities, would  be  a  welcome  relief  to  the  officers  of  the  Post- 
OfQce  Department,  and  ijlace  the  power  of  selection  with 
the  people,  where  it  more  properly  belongs. 

FOURTH-CLASS   POSTMASTERS. 

Terra  of  fourth-  During  tlic  year  the  rule  has  been  established  by  the  De- 
ters^'' ^'^''  '"^^  partment  that  postmasters  of  the  fourth  class  will  not  be 
removed  before  the  expiration  of  four  years  of  incumbency, 
unless  for  cause  shoAvn.  This  rule,  it  is  believed,  dignifies 
the  oflice,  by  placing  it  on  apar  with  the  Presidential  ofiices 
as  to  tenure. 

LARGER   POST-OFFICES. 

In  an  earlier  part  of  this  report  will  be  found  the  state- 
ment of  the  receipts  of  the  ten  larger  post-offices  in  the 
country.    I  would  be  glad  if  these  offices  could  be  placed 
in  a  class  by  themselves  and  the  appropriations  made  for 
them  by  Congress  direct  and  without  the  intervention  of 
rules  and  methods  as  to  allowances  that  are  proi:)erly  ap- 
plicable to  other  post-offices.    If,  however,  this  suggestion 
should  not  meet  with  favor  as  to  all  the  ten  offices  named, 
or  even  as  to  the  first  five,  then,  at  least,  I  urge  it  for  the 
two  cities  of  Il^Tew  York  and  Chicago. 
Special  recom-     ^his  recommeudation  is  not  made  for  the  reason  alone 
Kew^iroik  aud^li'^t  ^^^^J  ^^'^  large  cities,  nor  that   the  postal  revenue 
Chicago.  received  largely  exceeds  the  expenditures  at  each — and  yet 

it  should  be  a  matter  of  national  i)ride  that  our  largest  cities 
should  have  as  good  iiostal  facilities  as  the  largest  cities  of 
any  other  country  in  the  world,  which  is  not  the  case  to-day — 
but  at  least  as  respects  the  cities  of  New  York  and  Chicago 
I  feel  that  this  recommendation  should  be  adopted  at  once 
for  the  reason  that  upon  the  efficient  management  of  those 
offices  the  efficiency  of  the  whole  jDostal  service  of  the  coun- 
try largely  depends.  It  is  as  collectors  and  distributors  of 
what  may  be  called  the  "world's  through  mail"  that  these 
offices  render  a  service  not  at  all  measured  by  the  local 
X^oijulation  served,  or  by  the  extent  of  revenue  received, 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         515 

and  every  facility  should  be  provided  for  tlie  greatest 
possible  dispatch  at  those  points.  Nearly  all  the  mails  to 
and  from  the  other  nations  of  the  world  are  dispatched 
from  or  received  at  the  New  York  office. 

A  letter  from  an  incoming  steamer  at  New  York  delayed 
an  hour  at  that  i)oint  may  fail  of  reaching  the  through 
train  that  would  bring  it  to  the  Minnesota  grain-buyer  or 
Texas  cotton  merchant  a  day  in  advance  of  the  usual  course. 
A  like  delay  might  result  in  failure  to  catch  with  tlie  col- 
lected mail  the  earliest  ship  sailing  for  foreign  ports.  It 
will  be  seen  therefore  that  the  whole  country  is  interested 
in  securing  the  best  possible  service  at  this  point. 

The  greatest  concentration  of  the  railway  mail  service 
of  the  country  is  at  Chicago.  Hence  its  importance  as 
a  receiving  and  distributing  point  is  greatly  out  of  propor- 
tion to  its  postal  revenues  or  the  number  of  local  patrons.  It 
needs  further  special  attention,  also,  by  reason  of  its  great 
expansion  of  territory  and  the  number  of  post-offices  now 
within  the  corporate  limits,  there  being  fifty-five  in  all. 

There  should  be  no  he»sitancy  therefore  to  make  such 
direct  and  needful  appropriations  as  will  admit  of  briuging 
these  offices  up  to  the  highest  standard  of  efficiency. 

NEW  DEPAETSIENT  BUILDING. 

Attention  has  been  called  by  several  of  my  predecessors    New  buiuiing 
to  the  necessity  of  a  new  and  more  commodious  building  Department. 
for  the  Post-Office  Department.    The  necessity  is  a  grow- 
ing one,  and  already  so  urgent  that  I  feel  in  duty  boiind  to 
again  call  attention  to  it  in  the  hope  that  favorable  legis- 
latioji  will  ensue. 

The  transactions  of  the  Department  are  at  present  con- 
ducted in  seven  difierent  buildings,  only  one  of  which  is 
owned  by  the  Government,  and  that  one  is  not  only  inade- 
quate but  illy  contrived  for  the  needs  of  the  Department. 
It  is  cut  up  into  numerous  small  rooms^  none  too  well  venti- 
lated or  lighted. 

I  would  recommend  the  construction  of  a  modern,  fire- 
proof office  building,  so  located  and  constructed  as  to  secure 
plenty  of  light  and  air,  and  with  such  distribution  of  space 
as  would  admit  of  bringing  the  clerks  of  each  division 
together  in  large  rooms. 

Such  plan  would  afford  division  chiefs  better  oversight  of 
the  work  assigned  them,  and  by  relieving  the  clerks  from  the 
frequentinterruptions  to  which  they  are  now  subjected  would 
greatly  facilitate  the  work  of  the  Department.  It  would 
be  unnecessary  to  select  an  exi^ensive  parcel  of  land  for 


516         REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

the  location  of  sucli  structure,  since  its  contiguity  to  other 
Department  buildings  \roukl  be  a  matter  of  indifierence. 

The  present  Post- Office  Department  building  might  per- 
haps be  profitably  assigned  for  the  use  of  some  portion  of 
the  Interior  Department. 

The  Government  is  now  paying  nearly  $30,000  x)er  annum 
in  rentals,  which  would  be  saved  if  a  building  adequate  to 
the  needs  of  the  Post-Officc  Department  was  constructed. 

THE  BUSCH  BUILDING. 

Safety  of  Busch     The  Busch  buildiiig  ou  E  street,  between  Seventh  and 

bmlding  discuss-  ^  ' 

ed.  Eighth  streets  NW.,  is  occupied  by  more  than  250  clerks  of 

the  Sixth  Auditor's  OflQce.  From  its  being  overloaded 
with  files  and  heavy  iron  file  cases  the  building  was  regarded 
as  in  an  unsafe  condition,  and  caused  much  apprehension 
to  the  employes  occuj^ying  it.  Early  in  June  last  the  Super- 
vising Architect  of  the  Treasury  was  requested  to  investi- 
gate and  report  upon  the  condition  of  the  building.  Upon 
making  his  report  he  recommended  tliat  all  the  floors  of 
the  building  should  be  supported  by  posts  and  girders  from 
the  basement  to  the  upper  floors. 

I  immediately  notified  the  lessors,  the  Anheuser-Busch 
Company,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  as  to  the  necessity  of  the 
changes  in  the  building  recommended  by  the  Supervising 
Architect,  but  did  not  succeed  in  having  the  work  done,  the 
lessors  contending  that  the  building  was  sufficiently  strong 
for  the  purposes  of  an  office  building,  but  that  it  had  been 
unduly  overloaded  with  files,  and  they  declined  to  remodel 
the  building  as  suggested.  Ou  the  2Gth  of  June  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  submitted  a  supplemental  report  from 
the  Supervising  Architect,  who  suggested  that  if  the  work 
of  strengtliening  the  Busch  building  was  not  commenced 
immediately  that  as  a  measure  of  precaution  all  of  the 
heavy  files  and  cases  not  arranged  against  the  walls  be 
immediately  removed  from  the  building. 

Having  no  room  in  any  of  the  buildings  occupied  by  the 
Department  in  which  to  remove  and  store  the  accumulated 
files  in  the  Busch  building,  and  being  satisfied  of  the  neces- 
sity of  their  immediate  removal,  I  assumed  the  responsibility, 
after  consultation  with  the  honorable  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  to  contract  for  the  occupancy  of  a  part  of  the 
basement  of  the  Union  building  on  G  street,  subject  to  the 
approval  of  Congress,  at  a  rental  of  $2,000  ]}er  annum. 
Into  this  building  I  caused  to  be  removed  several  hundred 
tons  of  stuff  from  the  Bnsch  building,  and  also  a  part  of 
the  accumulated  files  in  the  building  on  Eighth  street, 


i 


KEPOET  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL  517 

knowu  as  tlie  Auuex,  occupied  by  tlie  money-order  office 
of  this  Departmeut. 

Immediately  upon  the  removal  of  the  files  from  the 
Busch  building  I  requested  another  inspection  by  the 
Supervising  Architect  of  the  Treasury,  Mr.  O'Eourke.  He 
pronounced  the  building  safe  after  it  was  unloaded,  but 
rencAved  his  recommendation  for  the  strengthening  of  all  of 
the  floors  to  prepare  for  the  loads  of  paper  which  naturally 
accumulate  in  the  office  of  the  Sixth  Auditor, 

I  again  called  upon  the  Anheuser-Buscli  Company  of 
St.  Louis  to  make  the  repairs  suggested,  but  they  have 
declined  to  do  this  work,  and  at  present  the  matter  remains 
in  abeyance. 

1  do  not  regard  the  Busch  building  nor  the  Annex  build- 
ing on  Eighth  street  as  well  suited  for  the  uses  of  the 
Departmeut,  and  either  of  them  may  be  rendered  unsafe 
by  being  overloaded  with  a  steady  accumulation  of  i^apers 
which  are  necessary  for  the  files  of  the  offices  located  in 
them. 

I  especially  call   attention   to  the   Busch  building,  as      • 
there  was  just  appreliension  as  to  its  safety,  which  may  be 
renewed  by  the  steadj^  increase  of  the  strain  upon  the  floors 
and  walls  of  the  building. 

ORGANIZATION   OF   THE  POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 

I  think  that  any  business  man  assuming  charge  of  the  closer  reia- 
Post-Office-Department  feels  the  weakness  of  its  organiza-  the*  Depar^en" 
tion  at  one  point,  and  that  is  in  the  relation  of  the  heads  ^"atS*™^"^^'^* 
of  the  Department  to  its  postmasters  and  other  local  offi- 
cers. There  ape  nearly  200,000  persons  now  employed  by 
the  Government  in  its  postal  service,  and  only  in  the  Eail- 
way  Mail  Service  is  there  any  real  attempt  at  organization. 
As  a  general  j)roposition,  it  may  be  said  that  this  great 
army  is  organized  in  companies,  without  regiments  or 
brigades,  so  that  the  company  captain  makes  his  rei)ort 
to  the  general  commanding  officer;  or,  in  railroad  manage- 
ment, it  would  belike  organizing  a  company  with  a  presi- 
dent and  four  vice-presidents,  but  without  superintendents, 
either  general  or  local,  the  station  agents  making  their 
reports  directly  to  the  one  or  the  other  of  the  general  offi- 
cers. 

This  is  a  strange  anomaly,  and  is  without  parallel  in  any 
business  institution  that  I  have  any  knowledge  of.  Indeed, 
inspections  of  the  service  and  reports  thereon  are  rarely 
made  or  rendered  unless  upon  complaint  being  lodged. 
This  deficiency  in  the  organization  and  lack  of  immediate 
sui^ervision  and  control  of  the  postal  service  has  been  keenly 


518         REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

felt,  as  I  find  on  reading  the  reports  of  several  of  my  prede- 
cessors, Postmaster-General  Wanamaker  adopted  a  county 
visitation  sclieme  witli  good  results,  as  lie  reports.  He  also 
recommended  the  appointment  of  local  oflicers  to  be  in 
charge  of  certain  geographical  divisions  of  the  country, 
piansugo-estcd.  My  j)lan  would  be  in  the  line  of  these  suggestions, 
although,  as  it  seems  to  me  now,  a  division  into  districts  of 
States  would  be  most  convenient.  I  would  have  an  officer 
superintending  the  postal  operations  of  each  State.  He 
should  be  expert  in  postal  affairs,  and  should  assist  new 
postmasters  on  their  assumption  of  office  and  instruct  them 
in  their  duties.  The  post-office  inspectors  should  cooperate 
with  him  in  the  detection  of  frauds  and  in  the  punishment 
of  crimes  against  the  postal  laws.  He  should  make  fre- 
quent visitations  to  all  the  post-offices  in  the  State,  and 
report  their  condition  to  the  proper  officer  of  the  Depart- 
ment in  Washington.  As  his  duties  would  consist  largely, 
almost  entirely  in  fact,  of  supervising  the  postal  affairs  and 
the  work  of  postal  officers,  his  position  should  be  in  the 
classified  civil  service. 

This  system  prevails  in  Germany  (and  perhaps  in  other 
countries)  where  the  local  officers  are  called  "postal  direct- 
ors." I  am  not  tenacious  as  to  the  name  or  title  of  this 
office,  but  I  feel  that  the  great  gap  in  the  organization, 
between  the  local  officer  and  the  heads  of  the  Department, 
and  omission  of  supervision  is  a  serious  matter,  which  needs 
to  be  remedied  at  once,  and  that  the  cost  of  this  supervis- 
ion would  be  very  slight  comx)ared  with  its  benefits;  indeed, 
I  know  of  no  direction  in  which  a  moderate  expenditure 
could  be  made  toward  the  advancement  of  the  postal  serv- 
ice, to  so  good  advantage. 

POSTMASTERS. 

Postmasters  Pcrhaps  the  most  important  departure  taken  by  this  De- 
ttml^to^helr'di^  partment  during  the  year  was  the  adoption  of  the  rule  that 
*^®^'  postmasters  shall  devote  their  time  and  attention  to  the 

duties  of  their  offices.  It  was  felt  that  the  time  had  passed 
when  a  post-office  appointment  could  be  held  as  a  political 
sinecure.  In  other  years  it  had  been  often  so  regarded, 
and  the  appointee  found  it  convenient  to  make  a  sort  of 
partnership  arrangement  with  a  deputy  who  should  furnish 
the  bond  to  the  government  and  run  the  office  upon  a 
division  of  the  emoluments,  while  the  postmaster  himself 
devoted  his  best  energies  to  some  other  business,  or,  most 
likely,  to  political  manipulation.  It  is  confidently  believed 
that  under  the  new  rule  to  which  I  have  referred,  whereby 
the  postmasters  themselves  are  expected  to  be  at  their 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         519 

respective  posts  of  duty,  the  public  service  will  be  improved 
and  causes  of  complaint  will,  in  tlie  near  future,  be  appre- 
ciably lessened  thereby. 

LOTTERIES   AND  FRAUDULENT   SCHEMES. 

During  the  year  the  law  respecting  lotteries  and  fraud- 
ulent schemes  has  been  rigidly  enforced.  Thirty -four 
"fraud"  orders  were  issued  prohibiting  the  delivering  of 
mail  matter  to  certain  firms  and  parties,  of  which  twenty- 
one  were  schemes  carried  on  to  defraud  the  X)ublic,  and  thir- 
teen for  running  lotteries  or  like  enterprises  for  the  dis- 
tribution of  money  or  i^roperty  by  chance. 

THE   WORLD'S   COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION  POST-OFFICE. 

By  section  4  of  the  act  of  July  13,  1892,  page  168,  it  was  ^  Jj^^^g^-]^'  ^^t"^- 
enacted  by  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  "  That  the 
Postmaster-General  is  hereby  authorized  to  establish  in  tlje 
Government  building,  upon  the  ground  of  the  World's 
Columbian  Ex^wsition,  a  branch  station  of  the  Chicago, 
111.,  post-office;  and  there  is  hereby  appropriated  the 
sum  of  $40,000  for  clerks,  letter-carriers,  and  incidental 
expenses  necessary  to  maintain  the  same,  and  a  further 
sum  of  $23,000  for  transportation  of  mails  by  railroad  and 
mail  messenger  service,  the  branch  office  herein  to  begin 
not  earlier  than  January  1, 1893." 

This  station  was  established  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  officers  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  and  for 
those  visiting  the  same,  and  was  designed  as  a  model  post-  The  station  a 
office,  complete  in  all  its  appointments,  to  exhibit  in  aetaiP^°'^'^P°'*°®'''- 
the  appliances,  arrangements,  and  methods  employed  for 
the  transaction  of  post-office  business  in  the  United  States. 
The  station  was  located  in  the  United  States  Government 
building,  with  boxes,  money-order  and  registered-letter, 
stamp,  and  general  delivery  windows,  and  as  a  part  of  it 
was  a  railway  i^ostal  car. 

There  were  employed  at  this  station  during  the  Exposition 
36  clerks  and  31  letter-carriers ;  and  for  the  more  conven- 
ient distribution  of  newspapers  from  the  various  States  to 
the  various  State  and  Government  buildings  mail  wagons 
were  employed  continuously.  The  amount  of  expenditures 
from  the  office  of  tbe  First  -Assistant  Postmaster-General 
for  this  station  to  November  15,  1893,  was  as  follows : 

Clerk  hire $13,  334.  23 

Letter-carriers 9,  556. 75 

Ftirniture 3,  591.  80 

Miscellaneous 3, 131.  36 

Making  a  total  of 29,614.14 


520         EEPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER- GENERAL. 

There  were  also  expended  under  this  act  of  Congress  for 
transportation  of  mails  by  railroad,  and  for  mail-messenger 
service  from  the  office  of  the  Second  Assistant  Postmaster- 
General  : 

Railway  postal  cars $5,  957.  66 

Mail-messenger  service 2,  672.  00 

Railway  post-office  clerks 5,  248.19 


The  expemlitures  uuder   these   authorizations   will 
approximate ,     13, 877.  85 

The  following  is  a  tabulated  statement  of  the  business 
transacted  at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  branch 
station,  and  a  comparison  of  the  same  with  the  business 
transacted  at  the  Centennial  branch  post-office  in  187G  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Comparative  statement  sliowing  the  business  of  the  Centennial  station,  1S76, 
and  of  the  World's  Fair  station,  1893. 


Comparison  'be- 
tween Centen- 
nial and  World's 
Fair  post-offices. 


First-class  matter. 

Second,  third, 

and  fourth  class 

matter. 

Registered  mat- 
ter. 

Grand  to- 
tal pieces 
of  all 

Eeceived. 

Dis- 
patched. 

Received. 

Dis- 
patched. 

Re- 
ceived. 

Dis- 
patched. 

kinds 
handled 

World's    Fair 

station 

Centennial  sta- 

4,681,086 
979,  000 

6,  374, 922 
1, 231, 706 

2,  599,  230 
576,  255 

1,  493,  595 
348, 911 

12,  071 
2,047 

17, 409 
2,255 

15, 178,  313 
3  140  174 

Difference 
in  favor  of 
World's 
Fair  sta- 
tion  

3, 702, 086 

5, 143, 216 

2,  022,  975 

1, 144, 684 

10,024 

15, 154 

12, 038, 139 

Money  orders 
issued. 

Money  orders 
paid. 

*  Total  money 
orders  handled. 

No.      Amount. 

No.      Amount.      No. 

Amount. 

World's  Fair  station 

12, 903  $22, 853,  531 
3,617|    7,798,784 

5,  264  $11,  322,  393 
1,121|    2,715,980 

18, 167 

4,768 

$34, 175, 924 
10.514.764 

Difference  in  favor  of 
World's  Fair  station- 

9,256   15,054,747 

4, 143     8,  606, 413 

13,399   23,661,160 

*  These  figures  include  postal  note  transactions. 

TOTALS  OP  MAIL  MATTER  HANDLED. 

pi?p a t ion i^z  wi  -^^^  ^^®^  ^^  *^®  transaction s  of  the  World's  Fair  post-office 
pSoffice.'^'"'""^^^'^®  gathered  from  the  fact  that  a  total  of  15,178,313 
pieces  of  mail  matter  were  handled  during  the  six  mouths 
of  its  existence.  Of  these,  6,^15,409  were  domestic  letters; 
153,958  foreign  letters ;  1 ,493,395  newspapers,  circulars,  and 
parcels;  17,409  registered  letters;  5,555  special-delivery 
letters,  or  an  aggregate  of  7,885,920  pieces  received  for  dis- 
tribution and  dispatch.  There  were  received  for  distribu- 
tion and  delivery  4,081,080  letters;  2,599,230  newspapers, 


REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  521 

circulars,  and  parcels;  12,071  registered  letters, or  an  aggre- 
gate of  7,292,387. 

FINANCIAL   STATEMENT. 

Tbe  total  gross  receipts  of  the  ^^^oi'ltl's  Fair  post-office  ^^it^s^fin^anc^a^ 
amounted  to  $61,388.62,  an  average  of  110,731  per  month,  IJff^'jfjfj^^ 
equal  to  the  postal  business  of  a  city  of  80,000  inhabit-  an'ts. 
ants.      The  total  expenditures    amounted   to   $29,614.14, 
showing  the  total  net  receipts  to  be  $34,774.48. 

world's  fair  MONEY-ORDER  FIGURES. 

A  very  heavy  money-order  and  postal  note  business  was 
transacted,  as  is  shown  from  the  following  figures  :  Total  Money  order 
number  of  money  orders  issued,  11,078  ;  postal  notes,  1,825;  ^^siuess.^ 
money  orders  paid,  3,865;  postal  notes,  1,399;  total  trans- 
actions, 18,167;  total  fees  collected,  $1,836.21.  Total  amount 
domestic  money  orders  issued,  $158,658.87;  international 
money  orders  issued,  $66,058.91;  postal  notes  issued, 
$3,817.53;  aggregate  amount  of  domestic  and  international 
money  orders  and  postal  notes  issued,  $228,535.31. 

Total  amount  of  domestic  money  orders  paid,  $108,047.96; 
international  money  orders  paid,  $2,258.34;  postal  notes 
paid,  $2,917.63;  aggregate  domestic  and  international 
money  orders  and  postal  notes  paid,  $113,223.93. 

•CONSTRUCTION  AND   COMPOSITION   OF   THE  EXHIBIT. 

The  post-office  itself  was  so  constructed  and  arranged  as  Tbe  poat  oOice 
to  be  open  to  public  inspection.  A  postal  car  of  full  size,  ^^^'^**- 
adjoining  the  post-office,  and  manned  by  postal  clerks 
engaged  in  sorting  the  mails,  stood  in  full  view  of  visitors. 
Models  of  modern  and  ancient  ocean  steamships  and  of 
inland  river  mail  steamboats,  Concord  stage  coaches,  city 
delivery,  collectioii,  and  mail-messenger  wagons,  snow- 
sledge  drawn  by  dogs  and  used  to  carry  the  mails,  with 
uniformed  model  of  Indian  driver  on  snowshoes;  uniformed 
model  of  special-delivery  messenger  on  bicycle,  uniformed 
models  of  letter-carriers  and  postal  clerks,  i)ost-marking 
and  canceling  instruments  and  machines,  mail-bags,  mail 
locks,  street  letter-boxes,  post-route  maps,  and,  amongst 
other  things,  a  large  and  unique  collection  of  accumulations 
at  the  dead-letter  office.  The  exhibit  was  designed  to 
illustrate,  in  a  practical  way,  the  development  and  pres- 
ent condition  of  the  postal  service. 

A  further  important  addition  to  the  exhibits  of  this  Gov- 
ernment consisted  of  a  large  and  valuable  collection  of 


522         REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

postal  articles  fiirnislLed  by  many  other  countries  included 
Avitliiu  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  in  compliance  with  an 
invitation  to  participate  in  the  jjostal  display  of  this 
country.  These  articles  were  separately  groui^ed  and, 
CoQtributions  asidc  from  their  general  interest,  they  contributed  much  of 

from    foreign  i  ■       ^         i         •  n-       •<■  n 

conntries.  practical  valuc  m  aiiordmg  the  means  of  examining  and 

contrasting  our  postal  system  with  those  of  other  nations. 
The  Department  is  under  especial  obligation  not  only  for 
the  great  courtesy  with  which  its  invitation  was  received 
and  acted  upon  abroad,  but  also  for  the  donation  of  many 
of  the  articles  comprised  in  the  foreign  exhibits. 

We  are  under  similar  obligations  to  many  of  our  own 
citizens  who,  with  commendable  public  spirit,  gave  sub- 
stantial aid  in  making  up  the  large  collection  of  postal 
articles  tending  to  illustrate  the  postal  service  of  this 
country.  Some  valuable  articles,  originally  loaned,  were 
donated  at  the  close  of  the  exposition,  and  these  articles, 
together  with  others  acquired  by  purchase  and  contributed 
by  foreign  countries,  will  go  far  toward  the  establishment 
of  the  postal  museum  which  has  been  in  contemplation  by 
the  Department  for  some  time.  The  effectiveness  of  the 
display  and  the  i^ublic  interest  in  the  postal  service  were 
well  attested  by  the  great  throng  of  visitors  constantly 
surrounding  the  exhibits. 

The  appropriation  of  $19,000  for  the  exhibit  proper  will, 
I  am  assured,  cover  all  expenditures  to  date,  and  be  more 
than  adequate  to  cover  the  cost  of  returning  the  exhibits 
and  closing  up  the  work. 

In  this  connection,  it  is  a  curious  coincidence  that  the 
past  year,  besides  being  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus,  was  practically  the 
centennial  of  the  postal  service  under  the  Government  of 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,J;he  several  temporary 
acts  of  Congress  from  1789,  for  the  management  of  the  post, 
having  been  merged  by  the  act  of  May  8, 1794,  establishing 
a  general  postal  system  without  any  limitation  as  to  its 
duration. 

The  improvement  in  the  methods  of  mail  transportation 
was  well  shown  among  the  exhibits  at  the  Exposition  by  a 
contrast  of  tlie  ]n-imitive  horseback  rider  and  the  dog  team 
and  its  Indian  driver  with  the  modern  fiist  ocean  mail 
steamship  and  the  finely  apx)ointed  traveling  railway  postal 
car.  A  striking  illustration  of  the  growth  of  the  country, 
and  of  the  place  where  the  Exi)osition  was  held,  was  fur- 
nished by  two  pictures  hung  side  by  side,  the  one  showing 


REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  523 

tbe  first  post-ofi&ce  in  Chicago,  less  than  sixty  years  ago,  and 
the  other  the  present  post-office  bnikliug  in  that  city. 
The  former  represents  a  small  hamlet  of  log  huts  on  the    Growth  of  tha 

^  ^  postal  service  la 

prairie  by  the  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  with  a  group  of  loo  years. 
pioneers  and  Indians  in  the  foreground,  and  the  latter, 
an  immelise  structure  which,  though  erected  only  a  few 
years  since,  is  already  far  too  small  to  properly  conduct 
the  business  of  the  second  city  of  postal  importance  in  the 
country,  with  a  postal  revenue  during  the  fiscal  year  1893 
of  $4,072,018. 

Even  more  striking  contrasts  tending  in  the  same  direc- 
tion are  furnished  by  the  statistics  of  the  Department  as 
to  the  general  service.  In  1793  the  number  of  post-offices 
in  the  country  was  only  209 ;  now  the  number  in  operation 
is  08,403 ;  then  the  extent  of  the  post  routes  was  5,042 
miles,  with  845,408  miles  of  mail  service  performed  annu- 
ally; now  the  length  of  the  various  kinds  of  post  routes  is 
453,832.83  miles,  on  which  381,499,085.75  miles  of  service 
were  performed  during  the  fiscal  year  1893. 

The  estimated  number  of  pieces  of  matter  carried  in  the 
mails  in  1793  was  less  than  two  million,  and  in  1893  it  was 
upwards  of  five  thousand  million  pieces. 

The  gross  expenditure  of  the  Department  in  1793 
amounted  to  $72,039;  for  1893  it  was  $81,074,104.90.  For 
1793  the  postal  revenue  was  $104,740;  for  the  fiscal  year 
1893  it  amounted  to  $75,893,933.10. 

In  1793  the  charges  for  postage  were  graduated  upon  a 
complicated  scale  of  distances,  the  rate  on  letters  consisting 
of  a  single  sheet  of  paper  ranging  from  0  cents  for  not  ex- 
ceeding 30  miles,  to  25  cents  for  more  than  450  miles.  For 
double  letters  double  rates,  and  for  triple  letters  triple 
rates  were  charged.  Every  packet  weighing  1  ounce  was 
charged  at  the  rate  of  four  single  letters,  and  in  that  pro- 
portion for  greater  weights.  At  that  time,  therefore,  a  letter 
weighing  1  ounce,  transported  by  mail  half  the  distance 
from  New  York  to  Chicago,  was  subject  to  a  charge  of  $1. 
At  the  present  time  the  rate  of  postage  on  domestic  letters 
is  uniform  at  2  cents  an  ounce  for  all  distances. 

In  1793  the  charge  on  newspapers  conveyed  by  mail  was 
1  cent  each  for  any  distance  not  more  than  100  miles,  and 
for  greater  distances  1^  cents.  Now  the  charge  for  news- 
papers and  other  regular  publications  sent  by  mail  to  sub- 
scribers is  1  cent  per  i)Ound,  with  free  circulation  in  the 
county  of  publication.  Nearly  150,000  tons  of  such  mat- 
ter were  carried  through  the  mails  in  1893.    A  very  large 


524         REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

sliare  of  tlie  matter  making  up  tlie  present  bulk  of  tlie 
mails  was  not  mailable  in  1793. 

Such  is  the  testimony  in  brief,  of  the  postal  figures  and 
facts,  to  the  wonderful  progress  of  the  country  during  the 
past  century. 

In  conclusion,  I  am  prompted  by  no  mere  formality,  but 
by  a  sense  of  justice  to  attest  the  fidelity  and  zeal  with 
which  the  officers,  clerks,  and  employes  of  this  Department 
have  devoted  themselves  to  the  work  of  the  Government. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  great  respect,  your  obedient 
servant, 

W.   S.  BiSSELL, 

Postmaster-  General. 
The  President. 


PAPERS 


ACCOMPANYING 


THE   REPORT   OF  THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


EEPORT  OF  THE  FIRST  ASSISTANT  POSTMASTER  GENERAL. 

POST-OFFICE  Department, 
Office  of  the  First  Assistant  Postmaster-General, 

WasJiington,  D.  C,  November  9,  1893. 

Sir:  In  makiDg  report  of  the  operations  of  this  office  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  30,  1893,  it  may  be  proper  to  remark  that  more  than 
ten  montlis  of  the  year  had  elapsed  before  I  assumed  charge  thereof. 
I  shall  therefore  furnish  only  a  resume  of  the  work  performed,  with 
such  recommendations  as  it  seems  proper  for  me  to  make  to  meet  the 
growing  demands  of  the  i)ostal  service. 

The  organization  of  the  office  consists  of  six  divisions,  designated, 
respectively,  as  follows:  Division  of  Salaries  and  Allowances,  Division 
of  Free  Delivery,  Division  of  Post-Oftice  Supplies,  Money-Order  Sys- 
tem, Dead  Letter  Office,  Division  of  Correspondence. 


POSTAL  STATIONS. 

The  establishment  of  stations,  or  branch  post  offices,  in  connection 
with  the  larger  i^ost-ofifices,  and  the  consideration  of  papers  and  corre- 
spondence in  connection  therewith,  was  assigned  to  the  salary  and 
allowance  division  April  22,1891.  The  establishment  of  postal  stations 
previous  to  April  22, 1891,  was  under  the  immediate  charge  of  the  super- 
intendent of  the  free  delivery  system. 

Postal  stations  or  branch  post-olhces  are  established,  on  proper  appli- 
cation, at  centers  of  population  or  business,  at  points  more  or  less  distant 
from  the  main  post-office,  in  order  to  provide  more  convenient  postal 
facilities  for  the  public.  The  stations  usually  afford  money-order  and 
registry  facilities  and  stamp  supplies,  while  many  of  the  larger  stations 
have  direct  mail  and  letter-carrier  service. 

During  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  31  new  stations  were 
established  and  7  stations  discontinued,  making  a  net  increase  for  the 
the  fiscal  year  of  24  stations.  The  total  number  of  stations  established 
June  30,  1893,  was  424,  of  which  number  124  were  located  in  premises 
leased  by  the  Government. 

******* 

525 


526 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


FREE-DELIVERY   SYSTEM. 

A  proper  review  of  tlie  free  delivery  system  suggests  the  division  of 
time  that  has  ehipsed  since  its  estahlislnnent,  into  three  periods,  the 
first  extending  from  July  1,  18G3,  to  July  1,  1879,  during  Avhich  the 
service  was  under  the  operation  of  the  original  law  enacted  March  3, 
1863,  amended  June  8,  1872;  the  second  from  July  1,  1879,  to  July  1, 
1887,  during  which  it  was  under  the  operation  of  the  law  enacted  Feb- 
ruary 21,  1879,  providing  for  the  establishment  of  the  service  at  any 
town  having  a  population  of  not  less  than  20,000  within  its  corporate 
limits,  and  at  any  post-office  providing  a  gross  revenue  for  the  preceding 
fiscal  year  of  not  less  than  $20,000;  the  third  from  July  1,  1887,  until 
the  present  time,  during  which  the  service  has  been  subject  to  the  -pro- 
visions  of  the  law  last  enacted,  viz,  of  January  3,  1887,  authorizing 
the  establishment  of  the  service  in  any  town  having  a  population  of 
10,000  within  its  corporate  limits,  and  at  any  post-office  yielding  a  gross 
annual  revenue  of  not  less  than  $10,000. 

The  two  statistical  tables  which  are  here  subjoined,  covering  the  first 
two  periods,  are  self-explanatory,  and  with  them  I  dismiss  the  further 
consideration  of  the  earlier  history  of  the  service. 

First  period — 1SG3  to  1879,  inclusive. 


Year. 

No. 

of 
offices. 

In- 
crease. 

No.  of 
car- 
riers. 

Per 

cent 
in- 
crease. 

Gross 
receipts.* 

Per 

cent 
in- 
crease. 

Cost 

of 

sorvico. 

Per 

cent 
in- 
crease. 

Per 

cent 
cost  to 
gross 

re- 
ceipts. 

Eatio 

of 

cost 

per 

carrier. 

1863-'64 

66 
45 
46 

47 
48 
48 
51 
52 
52 
52 
87 
87 
87 
87 
87 
88 



35 

i 

685 
757 
863 
943 
1,198 
1,246 
1,362 
1,419 
1,443 
1,498 
2,  049 
2,495 
2,269 
2,265 
2,275 
2,359 

$317,  0G3. 20 

448,  664. 51 

589,  236. 41 

G99, 934. 34 

995, 934.  59 

1,183,915.31 

1,  230,  079. 85 

1,  353,  923.  23 

1,  385, 905. 76 

1,422,495.48 

1,  802,  696. 41 

1,880,041.99 

1, 981, 186.  51 

1,  893,  619,  85 

1,824,166.96 

1,917,706.61 

$462.  86 
592  68 

1864-'65 

1865-'66 

;::::::::;:::::::::: 

682.  77 

1866-'67 

742.  24 

1867-'68 

831.33 

176S-'69  

950  17 

1869-'70 

903  14 

]870-'71.... 

954. 14 

1871-'72 

970. 43 

1872-'73 

949  59 

1873-'74  

879  79 

1874 -'75 

856  51 

]875-'7G 

873. 15 

1876-77 

830.  03 

1877-78 

1878-79 

0.45 
3.68 

$12, 117, 820.  24 
13,  066, 470. 76 

""7.'8' 

"h'.o 

15.05 
14.90 

801.84 
825.  09 

^Previous  to  1877  the  gross  receipts  of  free-delivery  post-offices  were  not  reported.scparatoly  by  the 
auditor;  therefore  it  is  impossible  to  give  the  annual  receipts  for  that  period, 


Second  period — 1879  to  1887,  inclusive. 


Year. 

No. 

of 
offices. 

In- 
crease. 

No.  of 
car- 
riers. 

Per 
cent 
in- 
crease. 

Gross 
receipts. 

Per 

cent 
in- 
crease. 

Cost 

of 

service. 

Per 

cent 
in- 
crease. 

Per 

cent 
cost  to 

gross 

re- 
ceipts. 

Ratio 

of 

cost 

per 

carrier. 

1879-'80 

1S80-'81 

1881-'82 

1882-'83 

1883-'84 

18'<4-'85 

1885-'8fi 

188C-'87 

104 
109 
112 
L54 
159 
178 
181 
189 

16 
5 
3 

42 
5 

19 
3 
8 

2,  028 
2,861 
3,115 

3,  080 
3,  890 
4,358 
4,841 
5,310 

13.9 
6.4 
8.8 

18.1 
5.7 

12.0 

11.0 
9.6 

$15, 082, 166. 65 
16,  887,  086.  23 
19,414,772.80 
22, 317,  499.  94 
21,596,020.08 
21,940,169.42 
22,  629,  826.  66 
25,  014,  385.  30 

15.4 
11.9 
14.9 
14.9 
*3.2 
'     1.6 
3.1 
10.5 

$2,  363,  693. 14 

2,  499,  911.  54 
2, 623, 262. 74 
3, 173,  336.  51 

3,  ,004, 206.  52 
3, 985,  952. 55 

4,  312,  306. 70 
4,  018, 692.  07 

21.4 
5.7 
4.9 
20.9 
10.4 
13.4 
9.0 
6.7 

15.66 
13.61 
13.51 
14.21 
16.22 
18. 15 
19.05 
18.46 

$879. 31 
873.  78 
842.45 
862. 31 
891.82 
914.  62 
890.  58 
869.  82 

*  Decrease— reduction  of  letter  postage  from  three  cents  to  two  cents. 


REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


527 


The  third  i^eriod  brings  us  down  to  tlie  present  time,  and  is  worthy 
of  a  more  detailed  examination. 

The  following  table  shows  the  rapid  strides  that  the  service  has  made 
since  the  fiscal  year  1887-'88,  during  whicli  it  was  extended  to  towns 
of  10,000  inhabitants,  and  to  post-offices  each  yielding  a  gross  annual 
revenue  of  $10,000. 

Third  period— 1SS7  to  1S93,  inclusive. 


Per 

No.  of 

Per 

Per 

Per 

cent 

Ratio 

Tear. 

No.  of 

In- 

cent 

Gross 

cent 

Cost  of  serv- 

cent 

cost  to 

of  cost 

offices. 

crease. 

riers. 

in- 

receipts. 

in- 

ice. 

in- 

gro.ss 

per 

crease. 

ci-oase. 

crease. 

re- 

earner^ 

ceipts. 

1887-'88 

358 

169 

6,346 

19.3   $29,459,943.33 

13.7 

$5,  422, 356. 36 

17.4 

18.40 

$854.45 

1888-'89 

401 

43  1  8,257 

30.1 

32,  20G,  493.  72 

9.3 

6,  957, 941. 90 

28.3 

21.60 

842. 67 

1889-'90 

454 

53 

9,066 

9.7 

36,  048, 000. 49 

13.8 

7, 976,  202. 72 

14.6 

21.21 

879. 79 

1890-91 

519 

65 

10, 130 

11.7 

40,  405,  386.  28 

10.2 

9,  072, 160.  31 

13.7 

22.47 

895.  57 

1891-'92  

568 

49 

10, 737 

5.8 

.44,031,728.77 

9.0 

9,  966,  892.  67 

9.9 

22. 63 

928. 27 

1892-93 

610 

42  |11,  625 

8. 2     48,  444,  363.  83 

10.0   10,683,575.26 

7.0 

22.05 

919. 01 

This  table  shows  the  number  of  offices  ia  operation  each  year;  the 
increase  from  year  to  year;  the  number  of  carriers  employed,  and  the 
percentage  of  annual  increase;  the  amount  of  gross  receipts  yielded  by 
the  free  delivery  offices,  and  the  perceiitageof  yearly  increase;  the  total 
annual  cost  of  the  service  and  the  percentage  of  increase  from  year  to 
year ;  also  the  percentage  of  the  annual  cost  of  the  service  to  the  annual 
gross  receipts;  also  the  cost  of  the  service  per  carriers  emj^loyed. 

The  large  increase  in  the  number  of  offices  and  a  correspondingly 
large  increase  in  the  number  of  carriers  in  1887-88,  were  due,  of  course, 
to  the  effect  of  the  law  enacted  January  3,  1887,  providing  for  the  ex- 
tension of  the  service. 

The  very  large  increase  in  the  number  of  carriers  in  1888-'89  was 
caused  by  the  enforcement  of  the  so-called  "  eight-hour  law,"  enacted 
May  24,  1888,  "  limiting  the  hours  that  letter-carriers  in  cities  shall  be 
employed."  Ui)  to  August  1,  1888,  the  beginning  of  the  practical  en- 
forcement of  the  law,  letter-carriers  were  obliged  to  work  from  nine  to 
eleven  hours  per  day.  During  the  year  1888-'89  the  service  was  reoPr 
ganized  to  comi^ly  with  the  act  of  May  24,  1888.  Cities  were  redis- 
tricted  and  new  schedules  provided  to  enable  carriers  to  cover  their 
respective  routes  within  the  prescribed  limit  of  time.  This  reorganiza- 
tion necessitated  the  appointment  of  a  large  number  of  additional  car- 
riers, increasing  the  force  on  this  account  alone  at  least  15  per  cent, 
and  causing  a  correspondingly  large  increase  in  the  appropriation  for 
that  year. 

Since  then  and  down  to  and  including  the  fiscal  year  just  closed  the 
service  has  gradually  advanced,  the  per  centage  of  increase  in  the 
number  of  offices  and  carriers  keeping  pace  with  the  ratio  of  increase 
in  the  annual  gross  receipts  and  the  annual  cost  of  the  service. 

NEW  OFFICES. 


On  July  1,  1892,  there  were  in  operation  568  free  delivery  offices 
During  the  year  the  service  was  established  in  the  following  towns: 


Ashtabula,  Ohio. 
Attleljoro,  Mass. 
Austin,  111. 
Baton  Eonge,  La. 


Belfast,  Me. 
Bellcfontaine,  Ohio. 
Braddock,  Pa. 
Bristol,  Teuu. 


Bucyrus,  Ohio. 
Chillicothe,  Mo. 
Danville,  Pa. 
Dccorah.  Iowa. 


528  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Escauaba,  Midi.  Manitowoc,  Wis.  Perth  Amboy,  N.  J. 

Greenfield,  Mass.  Mason  City,  Iowa.  Peru,  Ind. 

Greenville,  Miss.  Media,  Pa.  Phrenix,  Ariz. 

Gutlirie,  Okla.  Michigan,  City,  Ind.  Port  Chester,  N.  Y. 

Independence,  Iowa.  Middleboro,  Mass.  Shelhyville,  Ind. 

Ironwood,  Mich.  Mitchell,  S.  Dak.  Stevens  Point,  Wis. 

Laramie,  Wyo.  Newark,  N.  Y.  Ti'oy,  Ohio. 

Laredo,  Tex.  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y.  Watertowu,  Wis. 

Leominster,  Mass.  New  Whatcom,  Wash.  Waterville,  Me. 

Louisiana,  Mo.  Oklahoma,  Okla.  Yankton,  S.  Dak. 

inakiug  a  grand  total  of  610  free- delivery  offices  iu  operation  on  June 
30,  1893. 

On  June  30  there  were  56  offices  entitled  under  the  law  to  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  service,  32  of  which  have  made  application  and  have 
complied  with  all  of  the  reciuirements  of  the  regulations.  The  report 
of  the  Auditor  of  the  Treasury  for  the  Post-Office  Department,  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893,  shows  that  by  reason  of  the  gross 
receipts  37  additional  offices  are  entitled  to  the  service,  making  a  total 
of  93.  Under  ordinary  circumstances  and  with  an  adequate  appropri- 
ation, the  service  could  be  extended  to  these  towns;  but  the  inufii- 
cient  appropriation  for  free  delivery  for  the  current  fiscal  year,  based 
upon  the  unexplained  reduction,  by  the  Post-Ofifice  Department,  of  the 
estimate  of  the  First  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  as  appears  on 
page  30,  of  this  report,  prevents  the  making  of  the  expenditures  that 
the  extension  of  the  service  to  even  one  of  the  93  offices  would  require. 


EXrERIMENTAL  FREE   DELIVERY. 

The  experiment  of  free  delivery  in  towns  and  villages  lias  been  given 
a  jiractical  test,  extending  over  a  period  of  two  and  a  half  years.  In 
46  towns  and  villages,  ranging  in  population  from  800  to  4,000  inhab- 
itants, the  system  has  been  in  operation  for  two  full  years.  At  first  its 
establishment  was  received  by  many  with  satisfaction  and  delight,  and 
great  results  were  predicted.  It  was  certainly  a  novelty,  and  as  long 
as  it  remained  so,  and  every  resident  of  the  village  had  his  mail  deliv- 
ered by  the  carrier,  the  service  not  only  seemed  to  prove  of  real  bene- 
fit to  the  patrons  of  the  local  post-office,  but  resulted  in  an  apparent 
increase  in  the  postal  receipts.  The  gross  receipts  of  many  of  these 
post-offices  showed  temjiorary  increases,  and,  in  some,  a  part,  at  least, 
of  the  increase  in  the  volume  of  mail  could  be  plausibly  attributeil  to 
the  eftect  of  the  free-delivery  service.  But  soon  the  novelty  wore  off 
and  the  resident  of  the  village  again  found  it  more  convenient  to  call 
at  the  village  post-ofiice  to  get  his  mail.  The  annual  increase  in  the 
postal  receipts  and  in  the  volume  of  mail  soon  settled  down  to  a  mod- 
erate ratio,  the  result  of  natural  growth,  and  the  extension  of  the  fiee- 
delivery  service  to  towns  and  vilhiges  throughout  the  country,  involving 
an  annual  expense  of  at  least  $10,000,000,  is  not  justifiable. 

In  contemplating  an  innovation  of  this  kind,  involving  so  great  an 
expense,  the  demands  of  the  business  puplic  and  the  benefits  to  the 
people  should  alone  control.  It  should  not  be  extended  merely  because 
tlie  free  delivery  in  cities  is  maintained  at  the  expense  of  the  general 
public.  In  the  judgment  of  this  office  the  experimental  free  delivery 
should  be  suspended  at  the  close  of  the  current  year. 

RURAL  FREE  DELIVERY. 

In  the  appropriation  bill  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1894, 
Congress  provided  $10,000  to  be  used,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Postmaster- 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         529 

General,  in  testing  the  feasibility  of  establishing  a  system  of  free  deliv- 
ery in  rural  districts. 

It  has  been  impossible,  up  to  this  time,  to  give  the  subject  of  rural 
free  delivery  the  study  and  consideration  that  it  necessarily  requires, 
much  less  to  put  it  into  actual  operation.  This  is  due  in  the  first  place 
to  the  fact  that  the  time  and  energy  of  the  free  delivery  division  has 
been,  and  is  now,  entirely  taken  up  with  the  problem  of  proi^erly  main- 
taining, with  a  delicieut  appropriation,  the  free- delivery  service  in  the 
cities  in  which  it  is  now  established,  and  in  declining  the  requests  for 
and  deferring  the  establishment  of  the  free-delivery  service  in  the 
93  towns  that  are  entitled  to  it  under  the  law  enacted  Jauuarj^  3, 
1887.  Secondly,  the  amount  of  the  appropriation  for  this  particular 
experiment  is  not  at  all  sufficient  to  provide  thorough  and  reliable  tests. 
The  conditions  in  different  sections  vary  so,  that  a  test  made  in  and 
favorable  to  one  particular  locality  would  prove  unsatisfactory  if 
attempted  in  any  other.  For  instance,  a  i^lan  that  might  be  efficient  in 
a  thickly-settled  rural  district  in  Xew  England,  with  its  good  pikes  and 
stone  roads,  would  not  be  at  all  practicable  in  certain  jjarts  of  Ohio,  in 
which  the  farmers  are  scattered  and  the  roads  during  certain  seasons 
of  the  year  practically  imj^yassable. 

Another  illustration  can  be  found  in  a  comparison  between  the  States 
of  !New  York  and  Mississippi.  A  free-delivery  system  that  would  prove 
satisfactory  to  the  residents  of  a  fruit-raising  and  gardening  district  of 
New  York  State,  requiring  quick  and  frequent  communication  with  the 
markets,  would  have  to  be  operated  on  very  different  lines  from  a  sys- 
tem that  would  meet  the  requirements  of  a  plantation  section  of  Missis- 
sippi, where  the  population  is  scattered.  It  must,  therefore,  be  conceded 
that,  in  order  to  give  the  rural  free-delivery  system  a  fair  and  thorough 
trial,  tests  would  have  to  be  made  in  many  localities,  differing,  necessa- 
rily, in  density  of  population ,  topography,  class  of  interests,  and  condition 
of  highways  and  thoroughfares.  To  do  this  would  require  a  much  larger 
appropriation  than  that  provided.  To  attempt  it  with  an  inadequate 
appropriation  would  simply  result  in  a  Avaste  of  money  and  a  loss  of 
time.  It  would  require  an  approimation  of  at  least  $20,000,000  to  inaug- 
urate a  system  of  rural  free  delivery  throughout  the  country. 

It  is  the  policy  of  this  administration  to  extend  the  postal  service 
on  reasonable  and  economical  lines,  and  to  establish  post-oiiices  wherever 
communities  are  justified  in  asking  for  them,  thereby  properly,  ade- 
quately, and  more  economically  meeting  the  requirements  of  postal 
extension  than  by  establishing  rural  free  delivery  at  so  great  an  expense 
to  the  people. 


NUMBER   OF   DOMESTIC   MOXEY-ORDER   OFFICES. 

It  is  the  practice  of  the  Department  to  extend  money-order  facilities 
to  all  post-offices  at  which  the  compensation  of  the  postmasters  amounts 
to  $200  or  more  per  annum,  additional  offices  being  established  at  the 
commencement  of  each  quarterly  period.  In  pursuance  of  this  policy 
there  have  been  added  during  the  past  fiscal  year  0,401  offices  to  the 
12,069  money-order  offices  which  were  ni  operation  on  June  30,  1892, 
and  30  h«ve  been  discontinued,  makin^;-  the  number  of  such  offices  on 
June  30,  1893, 18,434. 

NUMBER  OF  POSTAL-NOTE   OFFICES. 

Under  the  act  of    January  3,   1887,   the   Postmaster-General  may 
authorize  the  issue  (but  not  the  payment)  of  i)ostal  notes  at  small  post- 
Ab.  93 34 


530  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

ofiiees  niiicli  arc  not  of  sufficient  importance  to  be  made  money-order 
offices.  To  distinguisli  tliem  from  money-order  offices,  all  of  which 
both  issue  and  pay  postal  notes,  the  offices  authorized  under  the  act 
mentioned  to  issue  such  notes  are  called  postal-note  offices.  To  the 
717  such  offices  in  operation  on  June  30,  1892,  there  have  been  added 
during  tlie  past  fiscal  year  131,  and  137  have  been  discontinued, 
making  711  in  operation  on  June  30,  1893.  Of  the  number  discon- 
tinued, however,  100  were  made  money-order  offices,  and  as  such  are 
authorized  both  to  issue  and  pay  postal  notes  as  well  as  money  orders. 

XU:\IBER   OF  INTEKNATIOXAL  MONFA'-OKDEU  OFFICES. 

On  June  30,  1892,  there  were  2,224  money-order  offices  authorized  to 
transact  international  money-order  business;  to  this  number  195  were 
added  during  the  last  fiscal  year,  and  12  were  discontinued,  leaving 
2,407  such  oilices  in  operation  June  30,  1893. 

ISSUES  AND   PAYMENTS   OF   DOJIESTIC   MOXEY   ORDEItS. 

The  numbev  of  domestic  mouev  orders  issued  during  the  year  was 
13,309,735,  amounting  to '. $127,  576,  433.  G5 

And  the  number   of  such  orders  paid  during    the 
same  period  was  13,235,032,  of  the  value  of $126,  865,  2.57. 69 

And  the  numher  repaid  was  9l),110,  amounting  to  . .  832, 124.  01 

Making  the  total  amount  of  payments  and  repayments 127,  697,  381.  70 

And  the  excess  of  payments  and  repayments  over  issues... . .  120,948.05 

The  gross  amount  of  fees  received  bj^  postmasters  fi'om  the  public  for 
the  issue  of  domestic  money  orders  was 1, 120, 171 .  32 

Comparison  with  the  figures  of  the  preceding  year  shows  an  increase 
in  the  number  of  orders  issued  of  1,240,293,  or  10.28  jier  cent;  in  the 
numbers  of  orders  paid  of  1,283,384,  or  10.74  per  cent;  and  in  the  num- 
ber of  orders  repaid  of  4,498,  or  5.25  per  cent.  There  was  also  an 
increase  in  the  amount  of  orders  issued  of  $7,509,032.58,  or  G.25  per 
cent;  of  $7,547,157.08,  or  G..33  j^er  cent,  in  the  amount  of  orders  paid, 
and  of  $28,470.43,  or  3.54  per  cent,  in  the  amount  of  orders  repaid. 

The  average  amount  of  the  orders  issued  was  about  60.59,  or  35  cents 
less  than  the  average  of  the  year  ended  June  30, 1892. 

The  average  fee  received  was  8.42  cents,  being  0.16  of  a  cent  less  than 
the  average  fee  received  in  the  preceding  year. 

ISSUES  AND   PAYJIEXTS   OF   POSTAL  NOTES. 

The  number  of  postal  notes  issued  during  the  year  was  7,753,210, 
aggregating  in  amount $12,  903,  076.  73 

The  number  of  notes  paid  during  the  same  period  was  7,741,423, 
amounting  to 12,  914^  674.  30 

The  excess  in  the  amount  of  payments  over  issues  being 11,  597.  57 

The  total  amount  of  fees  received  from  the  i^ublic  (including  fees 
received  for  duplicates  of  invalid  notes)  was 233,  414. 19 

The  above  figures  by  comparison  with  those  of  the  previous  year  show : 

(1)  An  increase  of  703,170,  or  9.97  per  cent,  in  the  number  of  postal 
notes  issued,  and  of  729,933,  or  10.41  per  cent,  in  the  number  paid. 

(2)  An  increase  of  $1,007,311.22,  or  8.47  per  cent,  in  the  amount  of 
postal  notes  issued,  and  of  $1,043,281.04,  or  8.79  per  cent,  in  the  amount 
of  notes  paid. 

(3)  An  increase  of  $21,557.94,  or  10.18  per  cent,  in  the  gross  amount 
of  fees  received. 

The  average  amount  of  the  postal  notes  issued  was  $1.GG,  or  2  cents 
less  than  the  average  amount  of  the  notes  issued  the  previous  year. 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


531 


THE  IXTERNATIONAL  MOXFA'-OIIDER   BUSINESS. 

lu  pursuance  of  the  provisions  of  conventions  concluded  for  that 
purpose,  copies  of  which  are  hereto  appended,  a  direct  exchange  of 
money  orders  with  the  British  colonies  of  Bermuda  and  South  Australia 
commenced  on  January  1,  1893,  prior  to  Avhich  date  money-order  busi- 
ness with  those  colonies  was  conducted  by  an  indirect  exchange  through 
Great  Britain.  A  convention  for  the  exchange  of  money  orders  with 
the  Eepublic  of  Salvador  VN'cnt  into  operation  on  July  1,  1893.  A  copy 
thereof  is  hereto  attached. 

A  direct  exchange  of  money  orders  between  the  United  States  and 
the  Grand  Duchy  of  Luxemburg  commenced  on  January  1, 1893.  Pre- 
vious to  that  date  the  money-order  business  with  Luxemburg  was 
transacted  through  the  intermediary  agency  of  the  German  Postal 
Administration,  to  which  an  extra  fee  for  such  services  was  paid.  A 
copy  of  the  agreement  with  Luxemburg  is  hereto  attached.  Negotia- 
tions are  still  pending  for  the  establishment  of  a  direct  exchange  of 
money  orders  between  this  country  and  the  British  Colony  of  Hong- 
kong (China)  and  the  Eepublic  of  Ecuador  (South  America). 

STATISTICS   OF   THE   IXTERXATIOXAL  JIOXEV-OKDER   BUSINESS. 

The  following  tabular  statements  exhibitthe  number  and  amount  of  the 
money-order  transactions  of  the  last  fiscal  year  with  each  of  thirty-one 
foreign  countries,  the  first  table  giving  in  detail  the  number  and  amount 
of  orders  of  different  nationalities  issued,  paid  and  repaid  in  the  United 
States  and  the  amount  of  fees  received  for  orders  issued  therein.  The 
second  table  contains  a  comparison  of  the  figures  of  last  year  with 
those  of  the  previous  year^  showing  the  amount  of  increase  or  decrease 
iu  the  bu,siuess  with  each  of  the  several  countries. 


Xatioiiality. 


Canadian 

iirilish 

German 

Swiss 

Italian 

Freiicli 

.Janiaioan 

New  Zealand 

ISTow  Soutli  Wales. . . 

Victorian 

Belgian 

Portuguese 

Swedish 

Tasniauiau 

AYindward  Islands, . 

Japanese 

Cape  Colony 

Hawaiian 

Queensland 

Leeward  Islands 

Norwegian 

Netherlands  .... 

Danish 

Newfoundland 

Bahamas 

Trinidad  and  Tobago 
Austro-Hungariau  .. 

Luxemburg  . . » 

British  Guiana- 

Total 


Orders  issued. 


Number. 


105,  876 

4411.  507 

242,170 

18, 856 

40. 250 

26, 483 

330 

716 

797 

661 

7,748 

750 

71,  001 

44 

563 

2,639 

106 

436 

153 

261 

27.  069 

4,905 

12.  257 

2,159 

97 

80 

30, 929 

03 

84 


Amount. 


$1.  662. 
5,  740; 
3,447, 

330. 
1,  304, 

412. 

ic! 

17, 

153, 

37, 

1,407, 


1. 
10. 
4. 

620; 

56. 

217, 

39, 

1, 

1, 

746, 


891. 40 
592. 87 
171. 95 
600. 06 
370. 73 
872.  87 
087.  70 
021.23 
3()0.  52 
502.91 
411.07 
234.  28 
584.  93 
523.  85 
.">55.  96 
612.32 
99.1.  41 
718.61 
120.75 
651. 35 
262.41 
536.  09 
811.09 
247. 87 
505. 03 
404.  03 
662.  43 
203.  28 
249.  57 


1, 0.55,  999     16,  341,  837.  86 


Orders  paid. 


Number.     Amount. 


144, 193 
65,  705 

44, 422 
3,468 
1,944 
6,208 
2,071 
2, 2.56 
1,579 
1,420 
1,  OSl 

3, 826 

239 

1, 095 

899 

620 

2,902 

624 

992 

3,566 

1,827 

2,025 

2,855 

325 

492 

5,286 

13 

279 


300, 917 


.$1,470, 

970, 

1, 584, 

100, 

63, 

127, 

32, 

26, 

27, 


175, 

2, 

31, 

13, 

8, 

33, 

7, 

55, 

47 

31, 

66. 

96 

4, 

8, 

210, 

1 

2, 


060.  28 
799.  88 
273.  59 
997.  77 
647.  68 
623. 15 
060.  97 
497.  88 
197.  81 
121.81 
203. 72 
497. 74 

256. 22 
093. 27 

773. 19 
717.  54 

422. 23 
377.  24 
880. 46 
180.  43 
761.  83 
966. 64 
705.  75 

860. 20 
184. 41 
377. 31 
017.  07 
014.  05 
724.  50 


Orders  repaid. 


Num- 
ber. 


634 

964 

772 

73 

118 

240 

9 

11 

11 

12 

24 

10 


Amount. 


$7, 498. 78 

11,755.12 

10, 229.  73 

1, 219.  68 

3, 133. 76 

3, 197. 21 

l.SS.  48 

279. 96 

177.  94 

196.  94 

457.  38 

118.60 

1,618.50 

12.24 

39.  52 

116.05 

12.  01 

105.  65 

29.48 


Amount 

of  fees 

received. 


24 

361.95 

20 

260. 10 

28 

318.58 

4 

60.00 

1 

10. 00 

185 

2,  672. 56 

1 

30.00 

$20,  880. 20 

74, 103. 25 

43,  806.  40 

3. 895.  25 

13.  870.  05 

5,181.75 

02.  70 

185. 10 

239.  00 

196.  80 

1,762.50 

194.  60 

16,540.20 

7.50 

117. 40 

942. 10 

23.70 

124. 40 

45.80 

40.90 

7,  060.  00 

802.  70 

2,  030. 30 

446. 60 

19.40 

17.00 

9,  039. 80 

23.90 

15.40 


5,283,375.70 


3,264  I  44,106.28     202,281.30 


Note. — The  business  done  -with  the  British  Colonies  of  the  Bermudas  and  South  Australia  since 
the  beginning,  on  January  1,  1893,  of  a  direct  exchange  of  money  orders  between  those  countries  and 
the  United  States  is  included  in  the  figures  showing  the  money-order  transactions  with  Great  Britain 
iu  the  above  table. 


532 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Couutry. 


Aiiunuit  of  increase  or  decrease  as  com- 
pared with  1891- '92. 


Canada 

Great  Britain 

Gennany 

S  witzeriaud 

Italy 

Fraiico 

Jamaica _- 

New  Zealand . . .'. 

Xew  South  "Wales 

Victoria 

J?el;;iiini 

ruitngal 

Swt  den 

Tasmania 

AVindward  Islands  . . 

Jaiian 

Cfipc  Colony 

Hawaii 

Queensland 

Leew-ard  Islands 

Norway 

jSTetlierlaids 

Denmark 

Newfoundland 

Bahamas 

Trinidad  and  Tobago 
Austria-Hungary  ..- 


In  orders 
issued. 


$128, 

281, 

203, 

*40]. 

13, 

40, 


1, 

32. 

*18, 

158, 

*1 

1 

20 


1 
604, 


635. 94 
277.45 
819.50 
695. 10 
335.  46 
307.  04 
432.  42 
196.  04 
683.  37 
153.42 
278.  52 
402.  05 
527.  63 
0G5. 35 
427. 16 
292. 52 
759.  27 
975.  87 
'461.00 
107.  04 
053.  62 
173.  20 
538.  67 
536.  23 
179.  86 
283.03 
703. 61 


In  orders 
paid. 


-$11,526.46 

3,  794.  02 

75, 134.  37 

'  145,  004. 08 

*  6,  960.  82 
11,317.60 
10,  909.  06 

6,  .^48. 74 
•■-  2,  587. 12 

3,433.10 
14, 197.  20 

*  8,  746.  37 
21,  427. 17 

*856. 42 

*65, 4.58. 90 

*5,  857. 51 

661. 11 

*3.  445. 70 

*188. 28 

*10, 483. 62 

*4,611.  00 

*2,387.H 

2,  307.  22 

33,  242. 03 

*769.  75 

8, 144.  04 

189, 443. 05 


In  fees 
received. 


$1,714.40 

3, 828. 10 

2,  330. 25 

*  5, 001.  00 

96.75 

484. 35 

2.60 

24. 20 

*  5.  20 

9.20 

370. 95 

*  200.  20 

1,946. -'.5 

*10.  80 

18.50 

218. 90 

7.40 

40.20 

*6.00 

15.00 

567. 90 

39.55 

336. 30 

26.80 

3.30 

15.  70 

8,  045. 10 


*  Decrease.    Each  amount  not  marked  with  an  asterisk  (*)  represents  an  increase. 

Luxemburg  exchange  did  not  go  into  operation  until  January  1,  1893.    British  Guiana  exchange  did 
not  go  into  operation  until  October  1,  1892. 


As  compared  with  tlie  transactions  of  tlie  previous  year  tliere  was 
an  increase  in  the  number  of  international  orders  issued  of  72,523,  or 
7.37  per  cent,  and  in  the  amount  of  international  orders  issued  of 
81,221,500.31,  or  8.08  per  cent;  also  an  increase  of  13,503,  or 4.05  per  cent, 
in  the  number  of  international  orders  paid  and  repaid,  and  an  increase 
of  $91,091.83,  or  1.80  per  cent,  iu  the  amount  of  international  orders  paid 
and  repaid.  The  fees  received  for  international  orders  issued  exceeded 
by  814,958  the  fees  received  during  the  year  ended  June  30,  1802,  an 
increase  of  7.99  i)er  cent.  The  average  fee  received  was  19.10  cents, 
being  .12  of  a  cent  more  than  the  average  fee  received  during  the  pre- 
cetling  year. 

The  average  amount  of  the  international  orders  issued  was  815.48, 
as  against  815.37  for  the  previous  year. 

The  total  volume  of  international  money-order  business,  as  repre- 
sented by  the  issues,  payments,  and  repayments  of  international  money 
orders,  showed  an  increase  in  the  number  of  such  transactions  of 
80,020,  or  0.75  per  cent,  and  in  the  amount  thereof  of  $1,315,001.14,  or 
(■'.40  percent. 

The  total  value  of  money  orders  issued  in  the  United  States  for  pay- 
ment in  European  countriesexceedslargely  the  amount  of  orders  issued 
in.  those  countries  for  payment  here,  and  the  balances  against  the 
United  States  resulting  from  this  exchange  of  international  money 
orders  are  paid  l)y  means  of  bills  of  exchange  purchased  from  reliable 
banking  houses  in  New  York  City  offering  the  lowest  rates  on  the  days 
whcii  purchases  are  made.  The  total  amount  paid  during  the  last  fiscal 
year  for  bills  of  exchange  bought  for  this  purpose  was  811,278,990.02. 
The  remittances  received  by  this  Department  during  the  same  period 
from  the  postal  administrations  of  foreign  countries  in  settlement  of 
balances  due  by  them  on  money-order  account  was  8294,903.97 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         533 

DUPLICATE   MOXEY   ORDERS   AND   POSTAi,   NOTES. 

Dnplicate  money  orders  are  issued  by  the  Department,  in  pursuance 
of  the  provisions  of  law,  in  case  of  tlie  loss  or  destruction  of  the  orig- 
inals, and  wlien  the  latter  are  not  paid  witliiu  one  year  from  the  date 
of  their  issue,  or  bear  more  than  one  indorsement.  Duplicates  are 
likewise  issued  in  favor  of  the  remitters  of  money  orders  wiiich  were 
drawn  payable  to  persons  or  concerns  conducting  schemes  which  the 
Postmaster-General,  under  authority  of  section  4041  of  the  Revised 
Statutes,  has  pronounced  fraudulent.  Table  B,  of  the  appendix,  shows 
the  number  of  duplicate  domestic  orders  issued  during  the  last  fiscal 
year  for  each  of  the  various  reasons  above  mentioned,  the  total  number 
being  29,024,  or  2,176  more  thau  the  number  issued  in  the  previous 
year. 

Duplicate  postal  notes  are  issued  upon  return  of  the  originals  in  lieu 
of  iiotes  which  have  not  been  paid  within  a  period  of  three  months  from 
the  last  day  of  the  month  of  issue.  The  number  of  duplicate  postal 
notes  issued  was  9,310,  an  increase  of  878, 

Duplicates  in  lieu  of  lost  international  money  orders  were  issued  by 
this  office  during  the  year  to  the  number  of  1,305,  being  90  more  thau 
in  the  previous  year.     (See  Table  C  in  the  Appendix.) 

Authorizations  were  issued  during  the  year  for  the  repayment  to 
remitters  in  foreign  countries  of  2,434  iuternational  money  orders,  and 
3,510  authorizations  were  granted  to  postmasters  in  tliis  country  for 
the  repayment  of  iuternational  orders  issued  in  the  United  States. 

DRAFTS   AND   TRANSFERS. 

To  provide  against  delay  in  the  payment  of  money  orders  at  offices 
at  w^hich  the  amount  of  issues  exceeds  the  payments,  the  postmaster 
is  required  to  transfer  from  the  postage  funds,  and  when  these  are 
insufficient  or  unavailable,  drafts  on  the  postmaster  at  New  York  City 
are  furnished  by  this  office  to  the  postmaster  upon  proper  application 
therefor;  and  where  it  is  found  that  the  payments  continuously,  or  fre- 
quently, exceed  the  receipts,  a  letter  of  credit  with  the  postmaster  at 
Xew  York,  subject  to  renewal  from  time  to  time,  as  it  becomes  exhausted, 
and  a  supply  of  blank  drafts,  are  furnished  to  the  postmaster. 

The  total  amount  of  the  drafts  paid  by  the  postmaster  at  New  Y'ork 
during  the  year  was  $12,900,737.07. 

Occasionally  it  is  found  convenient  to  transfer  sums  of  money-order 
funds  to  the  postal  account.  Notice  of  every  transfer  is  sent  to  the 
Department  and  an  account  thereof  is  kept.  All  transfers  from  the 
X)0stal  funds  are  repaid  by  this  office  by  the  deposit  of  an  equivalent 
sum  from  the  money-order  funds  with  the  United  States  Assistant 
Treasurer  at  New  Y'ork  to  the  credit  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  for 
the  service  of  the  Post  Oflice  Department.  Such  deposits  are  made  as 
soon  as  practicable  after  the  close  of  each  quarter,  upon  receipt  of  a 
statement  from  the  Auditor  of  the  balance  found  to  be  due  by  the  money 
order  to  the  postal  account. 

The  following  statement,  furnished  bj^  the  Auditor,  shows  the  total 
amounts  transferred  to  and  from  the  money-order  account  during  the 
fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893 : 

Amount  transferred  to  money-order  account $1, 485,  044.  07 

Balance  due  postal  account  June  30,  1892 246,  846.  59 

1,  731,  890.  G6 
Amount  transferred  from  money-order  account 691,  719.  60 

Balance  due  postal  account  June  30, 1893 1,  040, 171.  06 


5d4  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Of  this  biilauce  due  postal  account  $88,850.33  ^yas  deposited  on  July 
21,  1893.  to  tlie  credit  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  for  the 
service  of  the  Post-Office  Department. 

UEMITTAXCES  OF   SURPLUS  MOXEY-ORDEU  FUNDS. 

The  workiuti'  capital  of  the  money- order  system  is  made  up  of  funds 
which  accrue  from  unpaid  money  orders  and  postal  notes,  and  all  sur- 
plus funds,  that  is  to  say,  funds  wliich  are  not  at  once  required  at  the 
receiving  oflices  for  the  payment  of  monej'^  orders  and  postal  notes,  must 
be  daily  remitted,  except  when  the  amount  is  less  than  $50,  to  some 
other  post-office  designated  as  a  depositary  for  such  funds,  there  to  be 
used,  if  necessary,  in  the  transaction  of  money-order  business,  and  if 
not  required,  to  be  again  sent  to  some  other  depositary,  until  eventually 
the  actual  surplus  reaches  the  postmaster  at  New  York.  The  total 
amount  of  such  remittances  made  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 
1803,  was  $118,324,280.11. 

LOST  REMITTANCES.  ETC. 

There  were  referred  to  the  Assistant  Attorney- General  for  the  Post- 
Ofiice  Department  for  adjudication  under  the  iDrovisions  of  the  acts  of 
March  17,  18S2,  and  May  9,  1888,  by  which  the  Postmaster-Generjil  is 
empowered  to  allow  postmasters  credit  for  losses  of  money-order  funds 
in  transit,  or  otherwise,  when  incurred  through  no  fault  or  negligence 
on  their  part,  180  cases  of  such  alleged  loss,  being  10  less  than  the  pre- 
vious year.  In  117  of  the  cases  the  claims  of  the  postmasters  amonnt- 
ingto  $9,732.10  were  allowed;  in  38,  amounting  to  $2,518.13,  the  claims 
were  disallowed;  and  the  remaining  25 cases,  involving  $1,081.09, were 
Avithdrawn,  it  having  been  ascertained  after  the  filing  of  the  claim  that 
no  loss  actually  occurred. 

ERRONEOUS   PAYMENTS   OF  MONEY  ORDERS.* 

One  hundred  and  sixty-six  claims  for  reimbursement  on  account  of 
the  alleged  improper  i;)aj^iaent  of  money  orders  were  referred  to  tlie 
Departinent  for  investigation  during  the  year,  amounting  to  $2,723.58. 
Of  this  nund)er  53  orders,  of  the  value  of  $003.01,  were  found  upon 
investigation  to  have  been  properly  paid.  The  value  of  21  orders, 
amounting  to  $483.54,  was  recovered  from  the  persons  to  whom  pay- 
ment had  been  improperly  made.  In  37  cases,  in  which  the  orders 
amounted  to  $002,  the  paying  postmasters  or  clerks,  for  failure  to  exer- 
cise due  precaution  in  the^  payment  of  the  orders,  were  required  to  make 
the  amount  good  to  the  true  payees.  In  the  case  of  3  orders,  amount- 
ing to  $45.25,  the  payees,  on  account  of  contributory  negligence,  were 
held  to  be  responsible  for  and  required  to  bear  the  loss.  In  0  c  ases, 
aggregating  in  amount  $240,  the  Department  assumed  the  loss.  The 
remaining  40  cases,  amounting  in  all  to  $749.18,  w^ere  undergoing 
investigation  by  post-office  inspectors  at  the  close  of  the  year. 

During  the  last  fiscal  year  only  07  orders  were  actually  paid  or  repaid 
to  the  wrong  persons.  In  oilier  words,  only  one  wrong  payment  occurred 
out  of  every  203,423  of  the  payinents  and  repayments  of  domestic  and 
international  money  orders  made  within  that  year. 

*  4J  ***** 

DEAD-LETTER   OFFICE. 

******* 

The  number  of  pieces  of  original  dead  mail  matter  sent  to  the  Dead- 
Letter  Office  for  treatment  during  the  year  was  7,131,027,  an  increasp 
of  349,847  pieces,  or  a  little  more  than  5  per  cent  over  the  receipts  of 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL;         535 

the  pievious  year.  It  is  believed  that  tliis  increase  in  dead  mail  matter 
will  be  found  to  be  mucli  less  tlian  the  ratio  of  increase  in  the  number 
of  ])ieces  consigned  to  the  mails  for  transmission  during  the  same 
period. 

#  *  *  *  *  *     ,  * 

The  whole  number  of  pieces  of  mail  matter,  including  those  on  hand 
from  the  previous  year,  treated  in  the  Dead-Letter  Ottice  was  7,320,038. 

Of  this  number  5,408,945  were  ordinary  unclaimed  letters;  204,445 
were  addressed  to  hotels;  218,180  were  returned  from  foreign  countries; 
50,941  were  addressed  to  initials  only,  to  fictitious  persons,  or  fraudu- 
lent firms,  and  were,  therefore,  undeliverable ;  7,100  were  domestic  reg- 
istered ;  633,957  were  of  foreign  origin,  and  182,050  were  ordinary  letters, 
without  inclosures,  which  had  been  returned  to  the  writers,  but  failing 
of  delivery  were  again  sent  to  the  Dead-Letter  Ofiice  for  final  dispo- 
sition. Of  the  letters  classed  as  unmailable,  1,144  contained  articles  not 
transmissible  in  the  mails ;  91,234  were  either  entirely  unpaid  or  i^repaid 
less  than  one  fnll  rate,  2  cents,  as  required  by  law,  and  w^ere  held  for 
postage;  400,832  were  misdirected  or  only  partially  addressed;  35,918 
were  without  any  address  whatever,  and  2,040  were  classed  as  miscel- 
laneous. 

There  were  also  83,246  parcels  of  tliird  and  fourth  class  matter 
received. 

Of  the  letters  and  parcels  opened  and  recorded,  29,017  contained 
money  amounting  to  842,064.33;  30,496  contained  drafts,  notes,  money 
orders,  etc.,  Avith  a  face  value  of  82,298,688.12;  3,804  contained  postal 
notes,  value  15,418.45;  40,840  contained  paid  notes,  receipts,  legal  and 
other  papers  of  a  miscellaneous  character ;  37,735  contained  photographs ; 
1 60,129  contained  postage  stamps ;  83,246  contained  articles  of  merchan- 
dise, books,  etc.,  and  5,964,581  were  without  separate  inclosures  and 
were  returned  to  the  writers,  when  practicable;  otherwise,  destroyed 
without  record. 

Tliere  were  restored  to  owners  17,510  letters  containing  $29,231.08; 
28,688  containing  drafts,  notes,  money  orders,  etc.,  with  face  value  of 
$2,150,243.97;  3,485  postal  note  letters,  value  $4,948.20;  35,014  con- 
taining miscellaneous  papers;  28,008  containing  merchandise,  books, 
etc.;  27,599  containing  x)hotographs;  140,555  containing  postage  stamps, 
and  1,039,000  without  separate  inclosures  of  value,  the  remainder  being 
•  either  not  returnable  or  in  x^rocess  of  restoration. 


DIVISION   OF   CORRESPONDENCE. 

The  duties  appertaining  to  this  division  consist  chiefly  of  answering 
the  miscellaneous  correspondence  received  from  postmasters  and  the 
public,  not  expressly  belonging  to  other  divisions. 

The  questions  submitted  generally  involve  a  proper  construction  of 
the  postal  laws  and  regulations  with  reference  to  the  duties  of  post- 
masters in  the  management  of  their  ofQces,  and  to  the  rights  and  privi- 
leges of  individuals  under  the  x>ostal  system. 

i^mong  the  most  important  questions  coming  before  this  division  are 
those  of  the  right  of  certain  individuals  or  business  firms  to  receive 
mail  matter  addressed  to  other  individuals  or  firms;  the  delivery  of 
mail  addressed  to  minors,  pensioners,  deceased  persons,  and  others; 
violation  of  the  franking  i)rivilege;  the  use  of  the  United  States  pen- 
alty envelope,  and  many  others  of  like  important  nature. 


536  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

To  tliis  division  is  also  assigned  tlie  correspondence  arising  under  the  ' 
lirovisions  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved  Marcli  2,  1889,  concerning 
"green  goods"  or  alleged  "counterfeit  money,"  under  wbicli  the  Post- 
master-(Jen  eral  may — 

Upon  evulfcuce  satisfactory  to  him  that  any  iierson  is  using  any  fictitious,  false,  or 
assumed  name,  title,  or  address,  iu  conducting,  promoting,  or  carrying  on,  or  assisting 
therein,  by  means  of  the  i)ost-office  establishment  of  the  United  States,  any  business 
scheme  or  device  in  violation  of  the  provisions  of  this  act,  instruct  any  iiostmaster 
at  any  post-oftice  at  which  such  letters,  cards,  or  packets  addressed  to  such  iictitious, 
false,  or  assumed  name  or  address  arrive,  to  notify  the  party  claiming  or  receiving 
such  letters,  cards,  or  packets,  to  appear  at  the  post-office  to  he  identified;  and,  if 
the  party  so  notified  fail  to  appear  and  be  identified,  or  if  it  shall  satisfactorily 
ajipear  that  sucli  letters,  cards,  or  packets  are  addressed  to  a  fictitious,  false,  or 
assumed  name  or  address,  such  letters,  postal  cards,  or  packets  shall  be  forwarded  to 
the  Dead-Letter  Oflice  as  fictitious  matter. 

In  pursuance  of  the  authority  above  quoted  tlie  Department  has, 
since  tlie  passage  of  the  act,  instructed  postmasters  to  require  identifi- 
cation before  making  delivery  of  mail  directed  to  1,401  different  names 
and  addresses,  that  is,  names  adopted  by  "green goods"  dealers  under 
Miiieli  to  conduct  their  unlawful  business.  The  manner  in  wliicli  the 
business  is  conducted  so  as  to  be  profitable  to  the  said  dealers  is  so 
well  known  tbat  I  need  not  refer  to  it  liere.  So  vigorously  liave  the 
provisions  of  the  act  been  carried  out  that  the  "green  goods"  dealers 
do  not  now  undertake  to  receive  replies  to  their  circulars  through  the 
mails,  but  avail  themselves  entirely  of  the  facilities  afforded  them  by 
telegraph  companies  to  make  appointments  with  persons  who  may 
desire  to  purchase  their  goods.  Thousands  of  sealed  circulars  are 
mailed  monthly,  addressed  to  persons  whose  names  and  addresses  have 
been  obtained  Irom  various  sources j  and,  so  well  known  are  the  circu- 
lars when  mailed  at  the  larger  offices  in  quantities  that  the  Department 
has  authorized  the  stamping  upon  the  envelopes  thereof  a  warning  to 
the  addresses  in  the  follo^Ying  terms: 

OFFICIAI-  NOTICE. 

The  person  receiving  tliis  letter  is  warned agaiustsv>'indlors,  who  falsely  pretended 
to  deal  in  counterfeit  money.  If  this  letter  relates  to  that  subject  hand  it  to  post- 
master, who  will  forwardHo  P.  O.  De'pt.,  Div.  of  Correspondence,  Washington, 
D.  C. 


Very  respectfully, 


Hon.  W.  S.  BissELL, 

Postmaster-  General. 


Frank  H.  Jones, 
First  Assistant  Postmaster-General. 


KEPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  537 


EEPOllT  OF  THE  SECOND  ASSISTANT  POSTMASTER- 

GENERAL. 

Post-Ofpice  Department, 

Office  of  Second  Assistant  Postmaster-General, 

Washington,  1).  C,  Xovemher  6",  1893. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  of  the  ofBcfe  of 
the  Second  Assistant  Postmaster- General  for  the  year  ended  June  30, 
1893 : 

MAIL   SERVICE   IN   GENERAL. 

The  annual  rate  of  expenditure  for  mail  transportation  on  June  30, 

1893,  was— 

For  18,659  star  routes,  aggregating  249,859.05  miles  in  lengtli $5,  758,  819.  83?, 

For  136  steamboat  routes,  aggregating  11,264.18  miles  in  Icjigth 433,  070.  8S 

For  2,529  railroad  routes,  aggregating  166,952.37  miles  in  lengtli ...  25,  716,  605. 85 
For  216  raiUvay  post-oliice  car  routes,  aggregating  35,152.91  miles  in 

lengtli ■ 3,193,589.45 

For  6,615  railway  post-office  clerks 6,  733,  410. 00 

For  7,295  mail-messenger  routes,  aggregating  5,726.52  miles  in  lengtli  1,  223,  411. 21 

For  2,212  special-office  routes,  aggregating  20,030.31  miles  in  length.  41,  338.  99 

For  mail  equipments 301, 137. 18 

For  necessary  and  special  facilities 196,  614. 16 

Total  inland  mail  service $43,  597,  997. 55^ 

For  ioreign  mail  service: 

Aggregate  cost $1 ,  380,  904.  65 

Less  for  intermediary  service  to  foreign  countries        ISO,  087.  98 

■ 1,  200,  816.  67 

Total  inland  mail  service $44,  798,  814.  22§ 

Siunmavji  of  all  vlaiises  of  inland  mall  service  in  operalion  June  30,  1S03. 

Number  of  routes 30,  831 

Length  of  routes miles . .  453,  832.  83 

Annual  rate  of  expenditure $43,  597,  997.  ,55| 

Number  of  miles  traveled  ])er  annum 381,  499,  085.  75 

Rate  of  cost  per  mile  traveled cents. .  11.  42 

Rate  of  cost  per  mile  of  length $96.  06 

Average  number  of  trips  per  week 8.  08 

Comparison  with  the  report  for  Juno  30,  1892,  shows: 

Per  ceut. 

Increase  in  routes numl)er..  989  ^3.  31 

Increase  in  length  of  routes miles..  6,241.90   =1.39 

Increase  in  the  annual  rate  of  expenditure $2,  262,  625.  30f,  =:5. 47 

Increase  in  distance  traveled  per  annum miles . .    18.  41 1,  390.74  =  5.  07 

Increase  in  rate  of  cost  per  mile  traveled  of  4  one-humlredths 

of  a  cent,  equal  to 0.  35 

Increase  in  the  rate  of  cost  per  mile  of  length $3.  71   =  4.  01 

Increase  in  the  aA-erage  number  of  trips  per  week  of  28  one- 

hundredths,  equal  to 3. 58 

Number  of  contracts  drawn  in  duplicate  during  the  year 7,  270 

Increase  over  the  preceding  year  of 669 

Proposals  received  during  the  year  under  the  general  advertisement 75,  362 

Under  the  bulletin  advertisement 15,  548 

Total 90,910 

******* 


538  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


STAK   SEP.YICK   AXD   ITS   METHODS. 


In  the  carriage  of  the  star-route  mails  our  aim  has  been  to  acquire 
celerity,  certainty,  and  security,  coupled  with  au  increase  in  frequency 
as  rapidly  as  the  extent  of  tlie  mails  would  warrant  it.  This  policy 
during  the  past  year  has  resulted  in  an  increase  both  in  the  number 
of  routes  and  in  the  frequency  of  the  trips,  added  to  an  advance  in  the 
character  of  the  service  itself. 

The  miscellaneous  advertisement,  which  was  formerly  issued  in  the 
spring-,  was  discontinued  last  year,  and  all  new  service  that  became 
necessary — not  included  in  the  general  advertisement — was  estab- 
lished, from  time  to  time,  by  means  of  the  bulletin  advertisement  under 
the  act  of  July  2G,  1892,  to  which  reference  was  made  in  my  last  report. 
Thus  a  great  deal  of  new  service,  which  before  the  passage  of  that  act 
was  necessarily  deferred  until  the  beginning-  of  the  following  fiscal 
year,  has  since  then  been  proinptly  i)rovided  as  the  occasion  for  it 
arose,  to  the  greater  satisfaction  of  the  public,  at  the  same  time  facili- 
tating' the  work  of  this  office. 

In  my  last  report  the  views  of  the  bureau  concerning  the  true  policy  of 
the  Department  in  the  acquiring-  of  improved  star  service  were  very  fully 
explained ;  and  it  is  in  place  to  note  here  that,  following-  iji  the  course 
heretofore  outlined,  it  is  believed  there  has  been  an  improvement  in 
this  most  important  branch  of  the  postal  transportation  service,  and 
the  continuance  of  the  existing  methods  will  surely  result  in  making 
the  service  more  and  more  efficient. 

Eeuewed  thought  has  been  given  to  the  suggestion,  so  often  made, 
that  professional  bidding  be  interdicted;  and  my  judgment  becomes 
stronger  that  to  abolish  professional  trafficking  in  mail  contracting 
would  lead  to  the  building-  up  of  a  system  of  local  combination  and 
corruption  that  v^-ould  be  far  more  iniquitous  than  can  possibly  arise 
from  professional  bidding,  provided  the  statutes  and  regulations  already 
applying  to  star  contracting  are  rigidly  enforced.  It  is  a  fact  that  there 
are  many  features  of  the  present  system  which  are  objectionable;  never- 
theless, it  is  possible  to  reduce  to  a  minimum  these  faults,  and  to  dis- 
])ose  of  dishonest  professionals  by  a  strict  enforcement  of  the  laws. 
There  should  be  no  willingness  to  compromise  with  defaulting  contract- 
ors; and  as  contractors"  and  their  sureties  get  to  understand  that 
plausible  excuses  and  the  pressure  of  influential  fi"iends  will  not  be 
ejitertained  they  will  be  brought  to  realize  that  the  carriage  of  mails  is 
a  sacred  trust,  and  that  a  contract  entered  into  is  something  more  than 
a  game  of  chance,  and  trifling  with  it  means  pecuniary  loss  and  perhaps 
imprisonment.  It  is  within  the  po-n^er  of  the  Department  to  accomplish 
a  fairly  good  star-mail  service  simiily  by  the  rigid  enforcement  of  the 
terms  specified  in  the  body  of  every  contract  that  is  executed;  and  I 
hold  that  it  ought  not  to  be  released  from  the  execution  of  every  such 
stii)ulation.  The  communities  to  be  served  have  a  right  to  the  service 
stipulated  for,  and  sentiment  should  have  no  part  in  the  transactions 
between  the  Department  and  contractors.  If  the  star  service  is  any 
better  now^  than  it  was  a  year  ago,  as  I  confidently  believe  it  to  be,  its 
improvement  can  be  attributed  mainly  to  rhe  fact  that  contractors  are 
realizing-  that  their  failures  will  not  be  passed  upon  slightingly. 

During-  the  past  year  there  came  to  my  notice  certain  transactions 
on  the  part  of  a  class  of  unprincipled  speculative  contractors  in  con- 
nection with  their  dealings  with  their  subcontractors,  which  impressed 
me  with  the  necessity  of  taking-  further  action  for  the  protection  of 
subcontractors  for  carrying-  the  mails.  The  act  of  May  17,  1878,  pro- 
vides for  the  subletting  of  mail  service,  and  makes  it  the  duty  of  the 
contractors  to  file  their  subcontracts  in  this  office  in  order  that  pay- 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         539 

ments  may  be  made  by  the  Department  directly  to  the  subcontractors. 
In  a  great  many  cases,  however,  no  subcontracts  were  filed,  the  Depart- 
ment would  have  no  knowledge  that  any  existed,  payments  would  be 
made  by  the  Department  to  the  contract(U',  and  he  would  use  the 
money  for  his  own  ])urposes  and  fail  or  refuse  to  pay  his  subcontractor. 
Such  dishonest  practices  can  not  be  too  severely  condemned.  Tbey 
are  not  only  a  disgrace  to  the  contractor,  but  bring  the  Department 
itself  into  disrepute  in  the  minds  of  the  subcontractors. 

A  great  many  complaints  reached  this  office  and  every  effort  in  its 
power  was  made  to  secure  to  the  subcontractors  the  money  which  they 
had  earned.  If  they  had  copies  of  their  subcontracts  in  their  possession, 
which  they  could  file  in  this  office,  orders  were  made  for  their  payment 
out  of  any  money  that  might  bo  due  the  contractor,  as  provided  by  the 
lien  law  of  May  4,  ISSi*,  but  if  no  copy  of  the  subcontract  was  held  by 
the  subcontractor,  or  if  there  was  no  money  to  the  credit  of  the  con- 
tractor in  the  hands  of  the  Department,  it  was  impossible  to  afibrd  the 
subcontractor  relief. 

Believing  that  this  evil  could  be  remedied  by  a  strict  enforcement  of 
the  act  of  May  17,-1878,  I  decided  to  serve  notice  on  all  contractors 
that  before  settlements  would  be  made  with  them  in  the  future  they 
must  file  their  subcontract  in  every  case,  or  satisfy  this  office  that  none 

had  been  executed. 

******* 

MEKCHAXDISE   TKAXSPORTATIOX  TUrvOUCxII   THE   :\IAILS. 

It  is  not  improper,  in  connection  with  the  consideration  of  the  esti- 
mates and  increased  cost  of  mail  transportation  by  railroad  carriers,  to 
dwell  for  a  moment  on  the  desire,  in  some  sections  of  the  country,  that 
there  should  be  a  consolidation  of  classes  3  and  4  so  as  to  admit  of  the 
application  of  the  rate  of  1  cent  for  2  ounces,  or  8  cents  per  pound,  to 
merchandise,  instead  of  1  cent  for  1  ounce,  or  IG  cents  per  pound.  I 
believe  the  action  of  the  last  Congress  in  declining  to  sanction  this 
consolidation  and  reduction  was  wise,  for  the  reason  that  it  would  have 
added  greatly  to  the  cost  of  conducting  transj)ortation  without  a  cor- 
responding gain  to  the  public. 

In  this  country  the  ordinary  mails  have  grown  so  rapidly,  and  the 
reaching  out  into  new  settlements  with  the  mail  service  is  so  impor- 
tant, that  it  has  been  found  very  difficult  to  give  material  considera- 
tion to  the  transportation  of  more  than  a  very  limited  extent  of  mer- 
chandise mail  matter.  The  less  we  have  had  to  pravide  for  the  less 
difficult  it  has  been  to  maintain,  efficiently,  the  rest  of  the  service. 

If  it  should  be  deemed  best,  however,  to  enlarge  upon  this  class  of 
service,  it  is  essential  that  some  years  advance  notice  be  given  the 
Department  to  lorepare  its  equipment,  and  to  arrange  for  the  additional 
railroad  car  space  and  the  changes  that  will  become  necessary  to  ena- 
ble star  and  messenger  contractors  to  provide  for  the  carriage  of  the 
increased  quantities  of  matter  Avith  celerity,  certainty,  and  security; 
otherwise  all  the  mail  service  is  liable,  for  a  time,  to  be  crippled.  To 
enlarge  upon  the  merchandise  feature  of  the  mail  service  involves  new 
and  stronger  equipment  and  brings  with  it  an  additional  cost  for  every 
form  of  transportation  we  employ,  without,  in  my  judgment,  promoting 

<'orrespondin  g  advantages. 

******* 

Yours  resi)ectfully, 

J.  LowEiE  Bell, 
Second  Assistant  Fost master- (J eneral. 
Hon.  Wilson  S.  Bissell, 

Postmaster-  General. 


540  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

REPORT   OF  THE   GENERAL   SUPERINTENDENT   OF  RAIL- 
WAY MAIL  SERVICE. 

Post-Office  Department, 
Office  of  the  General  Superintendent 

Railway  Mail  Service, 
Washington,  I).  C,  October  23,  1893. 
Sir:  I  have  niucli  pleasure  in  transmitting-  herewith  statements, 
tables,  and  exhibits,  showing  in  detail  the  work  performed  by  and  the 
condition  of  this  service  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893  j 
also  in  inviting  yonr  attention  to  certain  recommendations  for  the  bet- 
terment of  the  service  and  the  improvement  of  the  condition  of  those 
emploj^ed  in  it,  and  trust  they  may  meet  with  your  api^roval  and  earn- 
est support. 

EXTENT  OF  THE  SERVICE. 

At  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  the  mails  were 
being  carried  on  106,952.37  miles  of  railroad  in  thelJnited  States.  Postal 
clerks  were  employed  in  the  distribution  of  the  mails  on  110,066.24, 
service  on  the  residue,  namely,  20,280.13  miles,  having  been  performed 
by  means  of  closed  pouches  carried  by  lines  upon  which  postal  clerks 
had  not  been  assigned  to  duty. 

EQUIPMENT  OF  RAILWAY  POST-OFFICE  LINES. 

The  rolling  stock  of  railway  i)Ost-office  lines  consisted  of  545  whole 
cars  in  use  and  141  in  reserve,  1,844  apartment  cars  in  use  and  529  in 
reserve,  making  a  total  of  3,059  cars  under  the  control  of  the  Depart- 
ment. 

EXTENT   OF   THE   RAILV,"AY  MAIL   SERVICE   AND   FORCE  EMPLOYED. 

On  the  30th  of  June,  1893,  there  were  1,116  railway  post-office  lines 
in  operation.  These  lines  covered  140,600.24  miles  of  railroad,  upon 
which  0,082  postal  clerks  were  employed  in  the  distribution  of  mails.  In 
addition  thereto,  there  were  30  steamboat  lines,  upon  which  45  regular 
and  2  acting  clerks  were  employed,  making  a  total  of  6,129  clerks  per- 
forming duty. 

Those  at  work  on  railroad  lines  traveled,  in  crews,  152,979,607  miles; 
those  employed  on  steamboat  lines,  1,752,002;  these  together  received, 
handled,  and  distributed  9,772,075,810  i)iecesof  mail  matter  in  transit, 
exclusive  of  440,449,409  pieces  which  were  redistributed  and  prepared 
for  immediate  city  delivery.  They  also  received,  receipted  for,  recorded, 
and  properly  dispatched  10,487,241  registered  packages  and  cases  and 
3,302,400  through  registered  poaches  and  inner  registered  sacks. 

To  the  102,570.04  miles  of  railroad  service  in  operation  July  1,  1892, 
4,370.33  of  new  service  were  added  during  the  fiscal  year  covered  by  this 
report,  being  an  increase  of  2.09  x)er  cent. 

The  lines  upon  which  clerks  were  employed  increased  2,583.11  miles, 
or  1.80  per  cent. 

The  mileage  of  closed-pouch  lines  increased  from  18,492.91  on  June 
30,  1892,  to  20,280.13  on  June  30,  1893,  being  an  increase  of  1,793.22, 
or  9.10  i)er  cent.  The  annual  mileage  of  this  class  of  service  on  June 
30,  1892,  was  21,309,285,  and  on  the  corresponding  date  1893,  23,413,901, 
an  increase  of  2,044,010,  or  9.52  per  cent.     The  number  of  pouches  of 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


541 


closed  mails  exchanged  daily  increased  from  20,741  to  23,880,  being  an 
increase  of  3,139,  or  15.13  per  cent. 

On  June  30,  1892,  there  were  0,417  clerks  in  the  service,  and  on  the 
same  date  of  1893  there  were  0,G45,  an  increase  of  228,  or  3.55  per  cent. 
The  number  of  clerks  at  work  on  railroad  lines  increased  from  5,801 
on  June  30,  1892,  to  G,082  on  June  30,  1893,  and  the  annual  distance 
traveled  in  crews  from  147,571,944  to  152,979,607  miles,  an  increase  of 
21G  clerks  and  5,407,063  miles  traveled. 

The  number  of  clerks  emploved  on  steamboat  lines  decreased  from 
48  on  June  30,  1892,  to  45  on  June  30,  1893. 

The  entire  clerical  force  of  the  service  was  assigned  to  duty  as  shown 
in  the  following  table: 


Fiscal  year  ended  June  30— 

Employed 

on  railroad 

lines. 

Employed 
on  steam- 
boat lines. 

Detailed 
to  trans- 
fer duty. 

Detailed 

to  office 

duty. 

Total, 

1893         

C,  0S2 
5,861 

*45 

*48 

267 
202 

251 
246 

6,645 

1892                  

6,417 

Increase 

221                    \3 

5 

5 

228 

Exclusive  of  two  actiuEr  clerks. 


t  Decrease, 


CONCLUSION. 

It  is  gratifying  to  state  and  to  know  that  the  records  justify  the 
statement  that  the  railway  mail  service  is  in  better  condition  to-day 
than  it  has  been  at  any  time  since  its  organization.  In  equipment,  in 
the  efticiency  of  its  employes,  in  the  facilities,  help,  and  storage  accom- 
modations furnished  by  carriers,  and  in  the  moral  and  physical  quali- 
ties of  its  clerks  it  has  reached  a  point  of  excellence  which  was  con- 
templated, but  never  realized,  in  the  past.  There  is  still  much  room 
for  improvement,  j)articularly  in  increasing  the  frequency  of  service  by 
clerks  upon  lines  that  have  outgrown  the  present  service  and  the 
establishment  of  railway  post-office  service  on  lines  that  are  at  present 
dependent  upon  closed-pouch  service,  which  does  not  permit  quick 
interchange  between  intermediate  iwst-offices.  There  is  also  great 
need  of  increased  space  on  many  lines  now  carrying  more  mails  than 
can  be  properly  and  i^rojnptly  distributed  in  apartment  cars.  Much 
can  be  done  to  better  these  conditions  during  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  30,  1895,  if  the  appropriations  asked  for  herein  are  granted,  but 
if  the  estimates  are  cut  down  to  any  considerable  extent  it  will  be 
necessary  to  bend  our  efforts  and  resources  in  the  direction  of  main- 
taining the  present  service. 

******* 


Very  respectfully, 


Hon.  J.  LowRiE  Bell, 

Second  Assistant  Fostmastcr- General. 


James  E.  White, 

General  Superintendent. 


542  PAPERS    xVCCOMPANYIXG    THE 

EEPORT  OF  THE  THIRD  ASSISTANT  POSTMASTER- 

GENERAL. 

Post  Office  DEPAETirEisT, 
Office  of  the  TniRD  Assistant  Post^iaster-Ge^^eeal, 

Washington,  D.  C,  Oetoher  35,  1S03. 
Sir:  I  liave  tlie  liouor  to  submit  the  followiug  statements,  withtliG 
appended  tables  aud  other  papers,  as  the  report  of  this  office  for  the 
year  ending  June  30,  1893: 

FINANCIAL    statement. 

The  postal  revenues  for  the  year,  aud  the  total  actual  expenditures, 
are  as  follows: 

Ordinary  postal  rcveiuie,  consisting  of— 

Letter  postage  paid  in  money  (made  up  principally  of  balances 

due  from  foreign  postal  administrations) $72,  305. 81 

Box  rents 2,492,336.60 

Fines  and  penalties 22,  347. 08 

Sales  of  i>ostage  stami)s,  stamped  envelopes,  newspaper  wrap- 
pers, and  postal  cards 72,  359,  213.  59 

Receipts  from  unclaimed  dead  letters 12,  537.  57 

Miscellaneons  receipts 24, 127. 12 

Total  ordinary  postal  revenue .■ 74,  982,  867.  77 

Receipts  from  money-order  business 914,  C65.  39 

Total  revenue  from  all  sources 75,  896,  933. 16 

Expenditures: 

Actual  amount  of  expenditures  for  the  service  of  the  year  end- 
ing June  30, 1893  (this  amount  includes  all  expenditures  made 
on  account  of  the  year  uj)  to  three  months  after  its  close) 81,  074, 104.  90 

Excess  of  expenditures  over  receipts 5, 177, 171.  74 

If  the  amounts  earned  during  the  year  for  trans]K)rting  the  mails  by 
the  subsidized  Pacilic  Railroad  companies,  which  amounts,  instead 
of  being  actuallj'  paid  by  the  Post-Ofdce  Department,  have  been 
C(!rtiiied,  under  the  requirements  of  the  law,  to  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  for  credit  in  favor  of  these  companies  in  their 
accounts  with  the  Government,  were  added  to  the  above,  the  tot:il 
of  these  certifications  being 1,  617,  845.  83 

The  deficit  in  the  postal  revenue  would  be 6, 795, 017, 57 

Aud  if  to  tliis  there  were  added  the  outstanding  liabilities  on  account 
of  the  service  of  the  vc.ar,  the  estimated  amount  of  these  liabilities 
being -- : 471,212.09 

The  aggregate  postal  deficiency  would  be 7,  2G6.  229.  66 

^sTot  taking  into  aceouut  the  outstanding  liabilities  or  the  earnings 
of  the  subsidized  Pacific  railroads,  the  following  comparisons  with  the 
statistics  of  the  year  ending  June  30,  1892,  are  presented: 

Total  receipts  for  1892 $70,  930, 475. 98 

Total  receipts  for  1893 75,  896,  933. 16 

Increase  for  1893 4,  966,  457. 18 

Per  cent  of  increase : 7.  00 

Total  expenditures  for  1892 $76,  323,  762.  29 

Total  expenditures  for  1893 81,  074, 104.  90 

Increase  for  1893 4,  750,  342.  61 

Per  cent  of  increase 6.  22 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         543 

Total  defioieucv  for  1892 $5,393,286.31 

Total  dcticienc'y  for  1893 5, 177, 171.  74 

Decrease  for  1893 216,114.57 

Per  ceut  of  decrease 4. 17 

*  *  *  *  ■■:-  *  ^  # 

DEAD-LETTER  FUND. 

Til e  money  taken  from  dead"  letters  for  wLicli  no  owners  could  be 
found,  and  that  realized  from  the  auction  sale  of  imclaiuied  articles 
accumulated  in  the  Dead-Letter  Office,  aggregated  813,894.92. 

This  money  was  disposed  of  as  follows,  viz : 

Amount  received $13,  894.  92 

Amonut  iu  current  funds  deposited  in  tiie  Treasury  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C $13,  547.  72 

Amount  realized  from  the  sale  of  foreign  and  uncurrent  funds 
by  the  postmaster  at  New  York  and  deposited  with  the 
assistant  treasurer  at  New  York. 314. 79 

Total  amount  deposited 13,  862. 51 

Amount  of  loss  sustained  from  sale  of  uncurrent  funds,  from 

counterfeits,  aud  from  mutilated  miuor  coin 32.  41 

13,894.92 

Note. — The  report  of  the  Auditor  states  the  receipts  from  dead  letters  for  the  year 
to  have  been  $12,537.57,  or  $1,357.35  less  than  that  shown  above,  as  the  total  amount 
deposited.  This  arises  from  the  fact  that  the  Auditor  includes  iu  his  statement  the 
receipts  from  October'l,  1892,  to  July  31,  1893,  while  the  report  above  covers  the 
receipts  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1893. 

SPECIAL-DELI\TCEY   SYSTEM. 

The  statistics  of  special-delivery  business  during-  the  year  are  shown 
iu  the  following  statements: 

First.  The  total  number  of  pieces  of  matter  received  for  special 
delivery  at  all  the  letter-carrier  offices  was  2,809,370,  of  which  2,219,277 
were  transmitted  tlnougii  the  mails  from  place  to  place  and  650,093 
were  local  or  drop  letters. 

Second.  The  total  number  of  these  pieces  delivered  by  special- 
delivery  messengers  was  2,715,800,  or  nearly95percent,leaving  153,570 
as  the  number  delivered  by  letter-carriers  or  other  salaried  employes, 
including  such  pieces  as  it  was  found  impossible  to  deliver  specially. 

Third.  The  average  number  of  special-delivery  messengers  employed 
at  the  letter-carrier  offices  was  1,195. 

Fourth.  The  average  time  consumed  at  letter-carrier  offices  in  the 
delivery  of  si)ecial-delivery  matter  after  it  reached  the  respective  offices 
of  destination  was  nineteen  minutes. 

From  the  foregoing  figures,  and  from  the  report  of  the  Sixth  Audi- 
tor, the  following-  statement  is  made  up,  showing  the  special-delivery 
business  for  the  whole  country : 

Total  special-delivery  jjieGes  actually  delivered  ou  which  messengers' 
fees  were  paid 3,  207,  409 

Number  of  pieces  delivered  by  salaried  emxiloyds  on  which  no  fees  were 
paid  or  that  failed  of  special  delivery 168,  284 

Aggregate  of  special-delivery  pieces 3,  375,  693 

Percentage  of  increase  on  business  of  the  previous  year 21. 9 

Amount  of  special-delivery  stamps  used  on  matter  received $337,  569.  30 

Amount  of  comj)ensatiou  to  messengers 256,  592.  71 

Profit  to  the  Government  on  special-delivery  business 80,  976.  59 


544  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

The  growtli  of  the  special-delivery  seiN'ice  annually  is  shown  by  the 

following  statement: 

Increase  in —  Per  cent. 

1887 24.0 

1888 17.  7 

188!) 11-9 

1890 10.2 

1891 23.  2 

18!)2 21.4 

1893 t 21.9 

Special-delivery  statistics  from  all  the  free  delivery  offices  for  the 
year  will  be  found  in  Table  No.  17,  ai)pended  to  this  report. 

*  *  *  *  *  *  * 

Yours,  very  respectfully, 

Kerr  Craige, 
Third  Assistant  Postmaster-General. 

lion.  Wilson  S.  Bissell, 

Postmaster-  General. 


REPOllT  OF  THE  FOURTH  ASSISTANT  POSTMASTER- 
GENERAL. 

Post-Office  Department, 
Office  Fourth  Assistant  Postmaster-General, 

Washington,  D.  C,  Kovemher  1,  1803.- 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  invite  your  attention  to  the  following  state- 
ment of  the  operations  of  this  Bureau  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 
1893.  The  divisions  at  present  assigned  to  the  Bureau  are  those  of  ap- 
pointments, bonds  and  commissions,  and  post-ofiice  inspectors  and 
mail  depredations;  and  the  report  outlines  to  a  large  extent  their  work 
under  my  immediate  predecessor. 

******* 

The  following  tables  give  a  complete  record  of  the  operations  of  the 
division: 

operations  of  the  appointment  division. 

Post-offices  established  and  discontinued,  postmasters  appointed,  and  the  increase  or  de- 
crease as  compared  with  the  previous  year. 


Post-ofKces. 


Postofticcs  cstablislied  during  the  year  . 
Post-oflicps  discontinued  daiiug  the  year 

Whole  uumbcr  ol'postoliices 

Ket  incrca.sc  over  jjrovious  year 

K  limber  of  Presidential  cilices 

Number  of  fourth-class  offices 


June  30— 


1892. 


4,105 

1,  31S 
67, 119 

2,  790 
3,150 

03,  963 


1893. 


—  1  Increase. 


2,  621 
1.337 

68, 403 
1,284 
3, 360 

05,  043 


IJecrea.so. 


1,484 

19 

1,284 

l,5t'6 

204 

1,080 

REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


545 


Pobt-officcs  established  and  disconiinned,  postmashvs  appointed,  etc. — Contiuued. 
APPOINTMENTS  DURING  THK  YEAK. 


Appointments. 


On  resignations  and  expirations  of  terms. 

On  reinovals 

On  odicc'S  becoming  Presidential 

On  deatlis  of  postmasters 

On  establislimentsof  post-offices 


Total 


Jnne  30, 


1892. 


7,24S 

1,205 

23u 

801 

4,  105 


13,594 


1893. 


9,151 

3,661 

208 

597 

2,621 


16, 238 


Increase. 


1,903 
2.456 


Decrea.se. 


27 

201 

1,484 


1,715 


Total  appointments  during  the  j-ear IC,  2:"8 

Total  offices  discontinued 1 .  3:i7 

Number  of  names  and  sites  changed 1 ,  503 

Total  cases  acted  upon ^ 1  :i,  1  ::8 

In  twelve  of  tlie  States  there  are  100  or  more  Presidential  oflices, 
as  follows: 


New  York 282 

Pennsylvania 245 

Illinois 236 

Iowa - 180 

Ohio 180 

Massaclinsetts 1G8 


Michigan.. 

Kansas 

Texas  

Missouri  . . 
Indiana  ... 
Wisconsin. 


160 
124 
124 
122 
118 
111 


Of  the  above,  New  York  lias  12  office.s  of  the  first  class;  Pennsyl- 
vania, 10;  Illinois,  7;  Iowa,  7;  Ohio,  8;  Massachusetts,  10;  JNIichigan,  1; 
Kansas,  3;  Texas,  6;  Missouri,  3;  Indiana,  5,  and  Wiscon.-iu,  3. 

*  #  *  *      .  *  *  * 

There  was  5,54G  complaints  received  by  this  office  of  matters  per- 
taining" to  the  registered  mail,  5,378  of  which  were  referred  to  ins]^ec- 
tors  for  investigation  and  108  were  treated  by  this  division  directly. 
Of  these  complaints  5,546  were  l)ased  upon  registered  letters  or  first- 
class  matter  and  229  upon  packages,  third  and  fourth  class  matter; 
2,317  of  the  complaints  were  of  rifling  or  abstraction  of  the  contents  of 
the  letter  or  package,  and  2,708  were  of  absolute  loss  of  letter  or  jiacket 
and  contents;  140  reports  of  registered-package  envelopes  received 
without  the  corresponding  letter  or  packet  were  noted;  07  complaints 
were  of  detention;  157  were  of  delivery  to  the  wrong  person  or  to  some 
person  other  than  the  addre.'^ses;  44  were  of  tampering  without  actual 
loss;  19  were  of  carelessness  of  some  employe  named;  33  were  of  im- 
proper dispatches,  and  01  complaints  were  not  classified.  The  number 
of  complaints  received  is  483  less  than  were  received  last  year.  This  is 
of  itself  a  pleasing  thing  to  note,  as  it  indicates  that  the  registry  service 
has  been  better  than  last  year,  tliat  there  have  been  fewer  accidents  in 
which  loss  to  registered  mail  occuned,  and  that  the  fidelity  of  the  per- 
sons handling  it  has  been  greater,  for  tliere  can  be  no  question  that  the 
public  is  just  as  ready  to  comphiin,  and  the  amount  of  business  done 
by  the  registry  system  has  not  fallen  oft'.  Therefore  the  conchision  is 
inevitable  tliat  tlie  service  has  been  better. 

Of  the  complaints  received  3,023  have  been  investigated.  In  2,577 
of  the  cases  no  loss  was  found  to  have  occurred,  and  in  1,340  cases  loss 
was  found  to  have  resulted.  In  the  former  class  1,334  complaints  were 
found  to  have  been  made  without  cause,  as  the  articles  alleged  to  have 
been  lost  were  ascertained  to  have  been  delivered  witliout  loss.  Eight 
casesof  improper  addresses  and  08  of  imx)roper dispatch  caused  the  com- 
Ab.  93 35 


546  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

plniuts.  Three  liiindrecl  and  eighty-one  complaints  were  traced  to  the 
carelessnes  of  postal  employes,  who  were  dnly  admonished  and  warned 
against  a  repetition  of  their  negligence.  In  these  cases  no  loss  occnri  ed 
to  anyone  concerned.  One  case  of  unavoidable  delay  was  reported,  but 
no  loss  resulted.  Thirtyfive  complaints  were  improperly  made  of  lost 
or  missing  registered  matter.  It  was  found  that  articles  in  these  cases 
were  sentin  tlu;  ordinary  mail  or  not  mailed  at  all.  One  hundred  and 
fifty-nine  cases  of  complaint  in  which  no  loss  occurred  were  unclassified. 
It  is  curious  to  uote  the  cases  of  rifling  reported.  Six  hundred  and 
twenty-one  of  these  were  investigated,  and  in  547  of  them  the  claim  of 
ritiing-^  was  found  to  have  been  falsely  made;  either  the  contents  (if 
inclosed)  were  received,  or  else  the  inclosure  was  admitted  to  have  been 
left  out  of  the  article  registered.  In  74  cases  the  rifling  was  found  not 
to  have  taken  place  while. the  article  registered  was  in  the  custody  ot 
the  postal  service. 

*  *  *  4f=  *  ,         w  * 

Ot  the  ],34G  cases  in  which  loss  was  ascertained  to  have  occurred 
and  the  complaints  to  have  been  well  founded,  5G2  are  traceable  to  the 
dishonesty  and  carelessness  of  postal  employes,  and  784  to  causes  out- 
side the  service.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  any  losses  should  be  due  to 
the  delinquencies  of  the  persons  who  handle  registered  mail  and  who 
should  be  above  reproach,  but,  as  has  been  remarked  already,  we  can 
not  get  perfection  in  any  class  of  employes.  Small  salaries,  long  hours, 
audthe  feeling  that  the  loss  Avill  not  be  felt  are  temptations  that  seem 
irresistible  to  many.  In  75  cases  wliere  losses  occurred,  the  amount 
involved  was  voluntarily  made  good  to  the  loser  by  the  person  at  fault, 
without  the  intervention  of  the  ]3epartment.  In  214  cases  the  loss  was 
found  to  have  occurred  by  the  accidental  breaking  of  the  envelope  ot 
the  letter  or  packet,  and  the  inclosure,  generally  coin  or  merchandise, 
to  have  escaped  and  became  loose  in  the  mail  l3ag,  and  to  have  been 
subsequently  forwarded  to  the  Dead  Letter  Office.  Upon  being  traced 
into  that  Office  and  properly  identified,  they  were  returned  to  the  right- 
ful owners.  In  403  cases  the  amounts  lost  were  recovered  either  from 
dishonest  persons,  or,  under  disciplinary  rules  of  the  Department,  were 
collected  from  the  parties  responsible  for  the  loss,  and  the  losers  reim- 
bursed. Thus  actual  loss,  where  no  recovery  could  be  made  or  when 
no  trace  of  the  article  lost  could  be  found,  was  ascertained  to  have 
occurred  in  oi]lv  654  cases. 


ORDINARY  CASES. 

The  great  bulk  of  the  work  of  the  Post-Office  Department,  and  that 
part  of  it  which  comes  nearest  every  patron,  is  the  handling  of  the 
ordinary  (unregistered)  mail.  It  is  this  which  is  used  by  everybody, 
great  and  small,  old  and  young,  rich  and  poor,  the  busy  and  the  idle. 
Each  wants  his  or  her  letters  to  go  safely  and  speedily  to  their  desti- 
nation, and  the  standard  of  the  Department  is  so  to  contrive  that 
nothing  intrusted  to  its  care  for  transmission  shall  be  lost  or  even 
delayed.  Anytliing  short  of  this  indicates  bad  and  faulty  servitje.  It 
is  hoped  that  this  will  be  borne  in  mind  by  the  public.  Should  irregu- 
larities oc(;ur  it  is  hoped  that  they  will  be  reported  at  once  to  the 
nearest  postnuister  or  post-office  inspector,  or  to  the  chief  post-ofiice 
inspector,  in  order  that  the}^  may  be  inquired  into  and  the  proper  rem- 
edy applied.  If  the  remedy  is  not  in  this  ofiice  the  matter  will  at  once 
be  brought  to  the  attention  of  that  branch  of  the  Department  immedi- 
ately charged  with  matters  of  that  cliaracter.  Unless  complaints  are 
received  tlie  only  conclusion  can  be  that  everything  is  going  well. 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         547 

Tliere  were  58,SG0  complaints  received  during'  the  year  relating  to 
the  ordinary  mail.  Tliese  were  reports  of  missing  letters  and  i)ackages. 
Of  tlie  former,  31,337  were  reported,  and  of  the  latter  27,523.  This  is 
3,721  more  than  were  received  last  year,  but  the  number  is  not  incom- 
mensurate with  the  growth  of  the  service;  25,230  of  the  letters  were 
stated  to  have  contained  inclosures  of  value,  and  0,107  made  no  report 
of  inclosures.  It  was  found  that  in  5,059  of  the  complaints  there  had 
been  no  loss  or  no  cause  for  complaint.  ]\rany  letters  are  misdirected 
or  not  addressed  at  all,  many  are  only  partially  addressed,  so  that  the}^ 
can  not  bo  sent  forward  to  their  destination,  and  this  gives  rise  to  com- 
plaints. AVhile  the  Department  is  doing  its  best  for  its  patrons  it  is 
only  just  and  proper  to  request  of  the  patrons  due  care  on  their  part  to 
avoid  mistakes.  Another  matter  to  which  attention  has  often  been 
directed,  not  only  by  this  office  but  by  the  Dead-Letter  Office  and  the 
Ivailway  Mail  Service,  is  the  proper  preparing  of  packages  for  the  mail. 
It  is  hard  usage  to  which  they  will  be  subjected  of  necessity,  and  too 
great  care  can  not  be  given  to  tying  and  wrapping  parcels  for  transit 
in  the  mails.  Broken  boxes  and  torn  wrappers  witliout  contents  or 
address  and  the  yearly  sales  of  unidentified  matter  testify  to  the  fact 
that  greater  heed  should  be  given  to  this  caution.  The  tabulated  state- 
ment of  complaints  received  will  appear  annexed  hereto  as  Exhibit  E. 

Very  respectfullj^, 

E.  A.  Maxwell, 
Fourth  Assistant  Postmaster- General. 
The  Postmaster-General. 


REPORT 


SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 


Depaktjient  of  the  Interior, 

WasM)igton,  D.  C,  uSfoveniher  35,  1803. 

Sir:  I  Lave  tlie  liouor  to  present  the  following  snnmiary  of  the  busi- 
ness transacted  by  the  Interior  Department  during  the  fiscal  year  ending- 
June  30  last,  together  Avith  a  brief  reference  to  some  of  the  more 
important  events  which  have  occurred  since  that  time. 

To  the  jurisdiction  of  this  Department  is  assigned  Public  Lands, 
Indian  Affairs, Pensions, Patents,  the  Census,  the  Geological  Survey, the 
Educational  Bureau,  the  Bureau  of  Eailroads,  the  Territories,  National 
Parks,  certain  Eleemosynary  Institutions  in  or  near  the  District  of 
Columbia,  the  distribution  of  public  documents,  the  work  of  the  Archi- 
tect of  the  Capitol,  and  the  Nicaraguan  Canal,  so  far  as  the  Govern- 
ment interests  therein  are  concerned. 

PUBLIC  LANDS. 

The  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office  presents 
completely  the  work  of  that  Bureau  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1893. 

Disposal  of  Public  Lands. — During  the  year  l,40-4,958.82  acres 
wei'C  disiiosed  of  by  cash  sales,  10,390,727.22  acres  by  miscellaneons 
entries;  also  89,457.95  acres  of  Indian  lands  were  disposed  of,  aggre- 
gating 11,891,143.99  acres. 

Tlic  total  cash  receipts  from  various  sources  for  the  year  amounted 
to  $4,470,734.14. 

Issue  of  Patents  for  Lands  Disposed  of. — The  number  of 
agricultural  patents  issued  during  the  year  was  43,684,  granting, 
approximately,  6,989,440  acres.  Mineral  and  mill-site  i^atents  Avere 
issued  to  the  number  of  1,023,  and  coal  x^JJ-tents  to  the  number  of  104. 

519 


550 


REPORT   OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    TPIE    INTERIOR. 


Tlioic  were  certified  or  iiateiited  on  account  of  railroad  land  grants 
1,720,179.95  acres,  as  folIo^A's: 
Uuion  Pacific  Railway  Coniiianj- : 

Kansas 48,  794. 83 

Nebraska 314. 47 

49, 109.  30 

Atlantic  and  Pacific  R;iilroad  Company: 

New  Mexico 312,  38G.  73 

Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company: 

Utah 75,  382. 16 

Ceutx'al  Pacific  Railroad  Company — Oregon  DivLsion: 

California 187,275.55 

New  Orleans  Pacific  Railway  Company  : 

Lonisiana 70,  807.  36 

Gnlf  and  Ship  Island  Railroad  Company: 

Mississippi 39,  810.  52 

Florida  Central  and  Peninsula  Railroad  Company : 

Florida 255,  560.  32 

Oregon  and  California  Railroad  Company: 

Oregon 292, 4bG.  90 

Southern  Pacific  Railroad  Company: 

California 71,  553. 11 

Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company: 

Minnesota 2,  055.  84 

North  Dakota 210,  397.  78 

Washington 148,  469. 54 

Orciion 422.  75 


Denver  Pacific  Railway  and  Telegraph  Company: 

Colorado 

Dubuque  and  Sioux  City  Railroad  Company: 

Iowa 

Hastings  and  Dakota  Railroad  Company: 

Mimiesota 

Chicago,  Milwaukee,  and  St.  Paul  Railway  Company: 

Iowa 


361,  345.  91 

116.71 

200.  00 

9,  905.  ?.S 

240.  00 


Total 1,  726, 179.  95 

Educational  and  Internal  Improvement  Selections. — Patents 
were  issued  to  the  several  States  under  the  swamp-land  grants  for 
308,779.52  acres,  and  on  account  of  grants  for  educational  and  other 
iwrposes,  for  552,212.29  acres. 

Indian  lands  were  patented,  during  the  year,  aggregating  455,737.28 
acres. 

Surveys  of  Public  Lands. — During  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1893,  the  following  surveys  were  accepted,  after  an  examination  iu  the 
field,  careful  comparison  of  the  surveying  returns  with  the  reports  of  the 
examiners,  and  inspection  of  the  i)]ats  and  field  notes  iu  this  ofiSce: 


states  and  Territories. 


Arizona 

California 

Colorado 

Idaho 

Minnesota ... 

Montana 

Nevada 

New  Mexico  . 


Acres. 


399, 
150, 
G3C, 
182, 

1,312. 

2, 292, 

C8C; 


States  and  Territories. 


Xortli  Dakota 

Oregon 

South  Dakota. 

Utah 

Washington.  . 
Wyoming 


Total 


Acres. 


3, 482,  548 
707,  848 

1,00.^729 
179,  690 
007,  457 
895,  903 

13,  784, 187 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


551 


The  appropriation  for  the  fiscal  year  eudiiig  Jime  30,  1893,  for  the 
survey  and  resurvcy  of  the  public  Lands,  approved  by  act  of  Congress 
of  Augusts,  1892,  was  $375,000,  of  which  $75,000  was  autliorized  to  be 
applied  to  the  examination  of  surveys  in  the  field,  etc. 

After  deducting-  $75,000  for  examination  of  surveys  in  the  field,  the 
amount  of  the  appropriation  for  i)ublic  surveys  apx)licable  to  all  survey- 
ing districts  was  $300,000  5  which  amount,  together  with  the  appropria- 
tion of  $125,000  for  the  survey  of  land  grants  to  railroads,  was  appor- 
tioned as  follows : 


District. 


Arizona $10,  COO 


California 

Colorado 

North  Dakota. 
South  Dakota . 

Idaho  

Minnesota 

Montana 

Nevada  


Public 
lauds. 


10,  000 
15, 000 
20,  000 
25,  000 
'M.  000 
10,  00!) 
35,  000 
5,000 


Eailroad 

land 
grants. 


$16,  000 
10,  000 


District. 


5,000 


io,-ooo 


1.5,  000 
5,000 


New  Mexico  . 

Oregon 

Utah 

Washington  . 

Wyoming. 

Keserve  fund 

Total... - 


rublic 
lauds. 


$15,  000 
20,  COO 
5,  000 
45,  OUO 
35, 000 
20,  000 


300,  COO 


Kail  road 

land 
grants. 

$5.  000 
15,000 
5,000 
19,000 


20,000 


125, 000 


In  the  general  instructions  issued  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1893, 
it  was  provided  that  the  fund  for  examinations  should  be  retained  under 
the  direct  control  of  the  office,  and  expended,  in  the  main,  for  the  main- 
tenance of  a  corps  of  competent  examiners,  to  be  detailed  according 
to  the-  exigencies  of  the  service  in  the  several  surveying  districts. 
Preference  was  given  in  this  matter  to  the  surveying  of  townships  occu- 
pied in  whole  or  in  part  by  actual  settlers.  It  was  further  suggested 
that  townships  contiguous  to  those  for  which  evidences  of  settlement 
had  been  submitted,  should  also  receive  attention  in  the  manner 
stated,  more  particularly  when  said  townships  were  situated  within  the 
range  and  i)rogress  of  settlement,  embraced  agricultural  lands,  and 
were  liable  to  be  occupied  by  actual  settlers  in  the  near  future. 

Survey  of  Boundary  Lines. — The  survey  of  the  boundary  line 
between  the  States  of  North  and  South  Dakota,  which  was  partially 
executed  at  the  close  of  the  last  fiscal  year,  has  since  been  completed 
and  accei)ted.  The  entire  length  of  the  line  is  3G0  miles,  45  chains, 
and  35  links. 

Boundary^  between  South  Dakota  and  Nebraska. — The  sur- 
vey of  the  boundary  line  between  South  Dakota  and  Nebraska  was 
let  by  contract  to  Joseph  H.  Jenkins  on  June  19,  1893,  and  since  that 
date  he  has  received  the  requisite  special  instructions  and  has  entered 
upon  the  performance  of  the  worlc. 

Yellowstone  National  Park. — A  survey  of  the  southern  and  east- 
ern boundary  of  the  Yellowstone  National  Park,  in  Wyoming,  and  the 
lines  of  the  public  forest  reservation  east,  south,  and  adjoining  the  park, 
was  directed  June  30,  1891.  The  contract  for  this  work  was  awarded 
to  Philip  M.  Gallaher,  United  States  deputy  surveyor. 

This  work  is  now  in  i^rogress,  and  under  the  terms  of  the  contract 
and  limit  of  the  appropriation,  must  be  completed  x^rior  to  July  1,  1891, 


552     REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

Maps.— The  original  drawing  of  tbe  map  of  the  United  States  was 
revised  and  corrected  up  to  date  and  an  edition  of  16,224  copies 
printed. 

Tracings  of  the  maps  of  Utah,  Minnesota,  Nevada,  Okhihoma,  and 
Montana  have  been  forwarded  to  the  Forbes  Lithograph  Manufactnriug 
Company,  of  Boston.  It  is  proposed  during  the  coming  year  to  publish 
editions  of  the  maps  of  Wisconsin,  Illinois,  Indiana,  and  Iowa. 

A  uniform  system  of  scales,  lettering,  and  conventional  signs  has  been 
recently  adopted,  and  will  be  applied  to  all  maps  issued. 

Private-Land  Claims.— The  following  table  shows  the  number  of 
private-laud  claims  disposed  of  during  the  year: 

Califoruia  private-laud  claims 'patented 1 

New  ilexioo  pi'ivate-land  claims  patented 2 

Missouri,  Florida,  and  Louisiana  private-land  claims  patented 31 

Claims  of  Missionarj"  Associations  patented 10 

Patents  to  villages  of  Mission  Indiana  (California) 2 

Oregon  and  Washington  donation  patents 14 

Indian  claims  patented 2  932 

Entries  with  certificates  of  location  finally  approved 182 

Claims  in  Louisiana  satisfied  with  scrip,  act  of  June  2,  1858 38 

The  scrip  issued  in  satisfaction  of  the  above  38  claims  in  Louisiana 
has  been  confirmed  by  that  State.  Unlocated  claims  amount  to 
27,318.17  acres. 

Contests. — The  Commissioner's  report  shows  the  condition  of  the 
work  in  the  contest  division  to  be  nearly  up  to  date,  there  being  but 
191  undecided  appealed  cases  on  hand,  and  1,015  decided,  but  not 
finally  closed. 

Of  the  unappealed  cases,  there  were  4,110  examined  and  closed  dur- 
ing the  year,  leaving  a  balance  of  550  undecided  cases  on  hand. 

Railroad  Land  Grants. — The  adjustment  of  the  following  railroad 
and  other  land  grants  has  been  approved  by  the  Department,  viz: 


Kajiio  of  road. 


Approved. 


Sioux  City  .and  St.  Paul , 

Cliicaso.  St.  Paul.  ^liiiiieapoli.s,  and  Omaha  . 

llannibal  and  St.  Joseph 

Grand  Kapids  and  Indiana. 

Missouri,  Kansas,  and  Texas 

C00.S  Bay  Military  Wagon  Itoad 

Bay  de  ^'oqiiet  and  !Marquetto 

Mobile  and  Girard 

Vicksburg,  Shrcvcport,  and  Pacific 


June  22, 1887 
Feb.  12,1887 
:May  2S»,  1887 
July  20,  1887 
Aug.  2, 1SS7 
Feb.  1, 1892 
Oct.  3, 1SU2 
Apr.  24, 1893 
May  18.1892 


Other  claims  have  been  submitted  and  are  now  under  consideration, 
and  the  Commissioner  reports  progress  in  several  more. 

The  number  of  acres  of  land  embraced  in  lists  of  selections  under 
railroad  grants  awaiting  examination  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year 
is  29,087,475.00  acres;  the  wagon-road  selections  pending  aggregate 
313,400.37  acres,  making  a  total  of  railroad  and  wagon-road  selec- 
tions pjending  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  of  30,000,881.43  acres. 

In  making  restoration  under  the  forfeiture  act  of  September  29, 1890, 
all  the  unpatented  lands  lying  opposite  the  uncoiistructed  and  forfeited 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     f)f)S 

portion  of  the  IS'ortliern  Pacific  Eailroad  in  Orcg-ou,  excepting  a  moiety 
lying  within  the  constructed  Cascade  branch  of  said  company's  road, 
"were,  with  the  approval  of  the  Department,  ordered  restored  to  entry. 
The  restoration  included  certain  lands  lying  within  the  grants,  by 
acts  of  July  25,  ISGG,  and  February  25,  18G7,  to  the  Oregon  and  Cali- 
fornia Eailroad  Comi)any  and  The  Dalles  Military  Koad  Company. 

During  the  past  year  several  decisions  have  been  rendered  by  the 
United  States  Supreme  Court  affecting  the  rights  of  land-grant  rnil- 
roads.  The  result  of  these  decisions  will  be  the  restoration  to  entry  of 
a  large  quantity  of  land,  but,  as  questions  affecting  the  status  of  this 
land  are  still  pending,  restoration  will  necessarily  be  deferred  until 
said  questions  shall  have  been  determined. 

Eight  of  Way  to  Eailroads,  Canals,  Ditches,'  and  Eeser- 
voiRS. — There  are  424  railroad  companies  clainnng  right  of  way  ()\er 
the  public  land  under  the  general  right  of  way  act  of  iMarch  3,  J  875, 
or  special  acts.  The  articles  of  incorporation  of  17  of  these  companies 
have  been  approved  during  the  past  year. 

Under  sections  18  to  21  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved  March  3, 1891 
(whi(;h  granted  the  right  of  way  over  the  public  lands  for  the  construo 
tion  of  canals,  ditches,  and  reservoirs),  109  applications  have  been 
received,  of  which  59  were  made  by  individuals  and  firms,  and  50  by 
corporations.     These  cover  138  reservoirs  and  1C9  canals  and  ditches. 

This  branch  of  the  work  is  steadily  increasing,  and  the  importance 
of  the  law  is  manifest  in  inducing  the  construction  of  irrigating  canals, 
ditches,  and  storage  reservoirs,  causing  the  arid  lands  to  become  pro- 
ductive and  their  settlement  extended,  and  thus  increasing  the  wealth 
and  resources  of  the  country. 

Protection  of  Public  Lands. — During  the  year,  82  agents 
were  employed  in  the  investigation  of  fraudulent  entries  and  otherwise 
protecting  the  public  lands  from  illegal  appropriation  and  timber 
trespass.  Their  investigations  farther  included  applications  for  [)er- 
mission  to  cut  timber  on  public  lands,  under  the  act  of  Congress  ap- 
proved March  3,  1891,  and  api)lications  to  cut  timber  upon  forest  re- 
serves under  the  act  of  March  3,  1891  (20  Stat.,  1095-1103). 

Seven  hundred  and  eighty-nine  cases  were  referred  to  the  agents  for 
investigation,  hearings  were  ordered  in  90  cases,  385  were  held  for  can- 
cellation, 358  cancelled,  and  1,2G9  were  examined  and  passed. 

Final  action  was  taken  in  2,418  cases,  and  there  are  now  pending  iu 
the  division  (June  30,  1893)  2,422  cases. 

TiMnER  Trespass, — Kinety-two  cases  of  timber  depredations  liave 
been  rei)orted  during  the  year,  involving  public  timber  and  the  i)rod- 
ucts  therefrom  to  the  value  of  $195,092. 4G, recoverable  to  the  Go^('rn- 
raent. 

The  amount  involved  in  propositions  of  settlement  accepted  by  the 
office,  and  compromises  effected  under  section  34G9,  U,  S.  IJevised  Stat- 
utes, is  $11,503.24;  and  the  amount  recovered  through  legal  proceed- 
ings so  far  of  record  (the  United  States  attorneys'  reports  for  various 


554  REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 

districts  not  having  been  received  up  to  tlie  date  of  lireparing  tliis 
report)  is  $43,049.42;  the  total  amount  recovered  during- the  year  on 
account  of  depredations  upon  tlie  public  timber  is  .$54,552.00. 

On  the  1st  of  July,  1893,  so  far  as  reported  by  the  United  States 
attorneys,  there  were  i^ending  in  the  United  States  courts  105  civil 
suits  for  the  recovery  of  $839,880.20,  the  value  of  timber  alleged  to  have 
been  imlawfully  cut  from  public  lands.  There  Avere  also  iiending  227 
criminal  prosecutions  for  the  act  of  cutting  or  removing  timber  in 
violation  of  law. 

Swamp-Land  Grants. — During  tlie  past  year  claims  for  land  in  place 
under  the  swamp-land  grants  amounted  to  118,785.32  acres,  which  in- 
creases the  aggregate  selections  since  the  passage  of  the  swamp-land 
grants  to  80,390,320.45  acres.  Claims  for  cash  and  land  indemnity 
were  received  ami  recorded  on  the  basis  of  44,513  acres. 

Lists  of  swamp  lands,  embracing  282,040.90  acres  were  approved  by 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  making  the  total  quantity  approved  since 
the  dates  of  the  grants  59,802,900.39  acres. 

Patents  and  certified  lists  covering  249,854.00  acres  were  issued  dur- 
ing the  year. 

Claims  of  the  States  to  swamp  lauds  in  place  were  rejected  during 
the  year  on  777,845.72  acres,  tbe  largest  quantity  rejected  in  any  year 
since  the  dates  of  the  grants. 

Claims  of  the  States  for  swamp-land  indemnity,  under  the  acts  of 
March  2,  1855,  and  March  3,  1857,  were  acted  upon  in  a  large  number 
of  cases,  but  only  $410.22  Avere  allowed,  on  440.31  acres,  as  cash  indem- 
nity, making  a  total  of  $1,599,781.48  paid  to  the  several  States  since  th6 
l)assage  of  the  indemnity  acts. 

Claims  for  swamp-land  indemnity  were  rejected  during  the  year  on 
295,194.63  acres.  The  greater  part  of  these  rejections  were  to  clear 
the  records  of  improper  selections,  so  as  to  better  determine  Avhat 
legal  claims  remain  unadjusted,  and  to  facilitate  the  final  settlement 
of  proper  claims. 

School  and  Educational  (tRAnts. — The  selections  pending  on 
June  30,  1893,  aggregate  1,474,025.05  acres,  an  increase  of  381,450.53 
acres  over  those  pending  a  year  x^revious.  This  work  is  mostly  of  a  cur- 
rent character,  and  its  increase  in  volume  is  attributable  to  the  large 
number  of  selections  made  by  the  six  States  admitted  in  1889  and  1890. 

School  Land  in  Oklahoma. — Section  30  of  the  act  of  March  3, 
1891  (20  Stats.,  1053),  provides: 

That  the  scliool  lands  reserved  in  tlic  Territory  of  Oklahoma  by  this  aud  former 
acts  of  Congress  maybe  leased  for  a  i^eriod  not  exceeding  tliree  years  for  the  benefit 
of  the  school  fund  of  said  Territory  bj'  the  governor  thereof,  under  regulations  to  be 
prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

A  full  history  of  tlie  preliminary  work  of  carrying  out  the  aboAC  law 
was  given  in  the  report  of  the  Geiieral  Land  Ohicc  for  the  year  1892. 

For  the  year  ending  June  30,  1893,  leases  to  the  number  of  501  have 
been  approved  and  forwarded  to  the  governor  for  deliver}^  to  the  lessees. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     0.')0 

In  addition  to  tliis,  the  governor  was  autborized,  ou  May  28,  1893,  to 
proceed  witli  the  leasing  of  tlie  school  lands  in  the  Cheyenne  and  Arap- 
ahoe country  opened,  for  settlement  in  April,  1892. 

The  report  of  the  governor  for  the  calendar  year  ending  December 
31,  1892,  shows  the  receipts  to  have  been  $27,350.70,  and  the  expendi- 
tures $1,873.95. 

This  work  is  now  greatly  increased  by  the  opening  to  settlement  of 
the  Clierohee  Outlet. 

The  Commissioner  recommends  the  enactment  by  Congress  of  sup- 
plemental or  amendatory  legislation  placing  the  leasing  of  these  lauds 
and.  property  acquired  out  of  the  funds  derived  therefrom,  exclusively 
under  the  control  of  the  Territorial  legislature,  and  I  heartily  concur 
in  the  recommendation. 

Public  Timber. — A  careful  examination  and  comparison  of  the 
provisions  of  the  several  laws  for  the  protection  and  preservation 
of  the  public  timber,  and  the  acts  authorizing  the  use  of  the  same,  dis- 
closes the  utter  inadequacy  of  legislation  thus  for  enacted  to  provide 
for  the  legitimate  procurement  of  public  timber  to  supply  the  actual 
necessities  of  the  people  dependent  thereon,  to  aid  and  promote  settle- 
ment, and  to  develop  the  natural  resources  of  the  public  lands,  or  to 
l)roperly  i)rotect  and  preserve  the  forests  for  the  conservation  of  the 
water  supply  and  the  needs  of  the  future. 

Public  Forests. — During  the  year,  nine  additional  forest  reseiva- 
tious  have  been  created,  under  section  21  of  the  act  of  March  3,  1891 
(20  Stats,,  1095),  authorizing  the  President  to  set  aside  and  reserve 
public  lands  bearing  forests. 

There  are  now  fifteen  of  these  reservations,  embracing  an  estimated 
area  of  13,053,440  acres. 

Several  proposed  reservations  have  been  examined  by  special  agents 
and  are  now  awaiting  consideration  by  the  Land  Office  or  by  this 
Department,  and  a  number  have  been  petitioned  for  by  settlers  and 
residents  of  the  localities  suggested,  and  yet  no  provision  exists  for  the 
protection  of  these  reservations  from  trespass  or  from  fire. 

I  recommend  the  passage  of  legislation  which  may  lay  the  foundation 
for  a  wise,  comprehensive  forestry  system  to  be  applied  to  the  timber 
upon  the  public  lands  and  to  the  forest  reservations.  The  passage  of 
a  bill  allowing  the  sale  of  such  timber  as  can  be  properly  removed  would 
furnish  a  fund  sufficient  to  inaugurate  a  thorough  system  of  inspection ; 
but  the  creation  of  a  forestry  commission  in  connection  with  the  Land 
Office,  looking  toward  the  education  and  use  in  this  work  of  men  thor- 
oughly suited  for  it,  is  already  needed. 

The  fact  that  timber  is  still  plentiful  should  not  blind  our  eyes  to  its 
present  raj^id^  removal,  and  to  the  condition  which  will  confront  the 
country  a  few  years  hence.  This  great  product  can  meet  all  the  de- 
mands of  the  public,  and  yet  by  proper  care  be  x)reserved  undiminished 
if  some  of  the  wise  regulations  deemed  necessary  in  other  countries 
are  applied  here. 


556      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

Cherokee  Outlet.— A  most  important  Avork  of  tlie  General  Land 
Office  lias  been  performed  since  June  30,  1893. 

By  the  act  of  JMarcli  3,  1S93,  provision  was  made  for  the  disposal  of 
tlie  lands  known  as  tlie  Cherokee  Outlet.  Tlie  tract  of  laud  made  sub- 
ject to  disposal  under  said  act  embraced  an  area  of  6,50D,000  acres. 
The  act  of  Con,i>-ress  changed,  in  some  respects,  the  provisions  of  the 
original  negotiation  with  the  Indians,  and  before  the  Department  could 
take  steps  to  opcu  the  land  it  was  necessary  to  await  approval  by  the 
Indians  of  the  terms  of  the  act  of  Congress,  and  the  formal  execution 
of  the  contract  in  pursuance  thereof.  The  contract  was  signed  on  the 
17th  day  of  May,  1893. 

^  Among  the  provisions  of  this  act  is  one  not  found  in  any  act  liereto- 
fore  passed  providing  for  the  disposal  of  lands  in  Oklahoma  Territory, 
which  reads  as  follows : 

No  person  sliall  be  permitted,  to  occupy  or  enter  upon  any  of  the  lauds  herein 
referred  to,  except  in  tlie  manner  prescribed  by  the  proclamation  of  the  President 
opening  the  same  to  settlement. 

It  is  apparent  that  this  provision  was  inserted  for  the  purpose  of 
permitting  some  method  to  be  adopted  which  would  prevent  the  lands 
frop.i  being  occupied  by  parties  who  had  not  the  qualifications  required 
to  entitle  them  to  enter  the  same. 

Tlie  President's  proclamation,  which  was  issued  August  19,  1893, 
contiiined  regulations  prescribing  the  manner  of  entering  upon  the 
lands,  which  were  in  substance  as  follows: 

■  Nine  booths  were  to  be  established,  five  on  the  northern  and  four  on 
the  southern  border  of  the  Outlet,  and  placed  in  charge  of  officers  to  be 
detailed  from  the  General  Land  Office,  three  at  each  booth.  The  booths 
were  to  be  opened  for  business  on  September  11,  1893,  at  7  a.  m.,  and 
kept  open  for  ten  hours  on  each  business  day  thereafter  until  discon- 
tinned  by  order  of  the  Department. 

Each  party  desiring  to  enter  upon  and  occupy  the  lands  to  be  opened 
was  required  to  appear  at  one  of  the  booths,  and  there  make  a  declara- 
tion in  writing  before  one  of  the  officers  in  charge,  showing  his  or  her 
qualifications  to  initiate  a  claim  on  said  lands,  whereupon  a  certificate 
was  to  be  given  to  the  party,  permitting  him  or  her  to  enter  upon  the 
lands  after  the  day  and  hour  when  they  were  to  be  opened  to  settle- 
ment, as  set  forth  in  the  President's  proclamation,  and  the  officers  of  the 
United  States  were  expressly  charged  to  permit  no  party  without  a 
certificate  to  occupy  or  enter  upon  any  of  the  lands  until  after  the  dis- 
continuance of  the  booths. 

Four  forms  of  declarations  were  provided,  designated  as  forms  A,  B, 
C,  and  P].  Form  A  was  for  use  by  a  party  intending  to  make  a  home- 
stead entry;  form  B,  for  a  i^arty  intending  to  file  a  soldier's  declar- 
atory statement;  form  C,  for  a  party  who  intended  to  file  a  soldier's 
declaratory  statement  as  agent  for  the  soldier,  and  form  E,  for  a  party 
intending  to  settle  upon  a  town  lot.  Two  forms  of  certificates  were  to 
be  issued,  designated  as  forms  D  and  F.     Form  D  was  to  be  issued  to 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     557 

parties  making  declarations  upon  forms  A,  B,  and  C,  and  form  F  to 
parties  making  a  declaration  upon  form  E. 

It  is  well  to  remember  that  the  act  of  Congress  required  tlie  lands 
to  be  disposed  of  under  the  homestead  and  town-site  laws  only,  and 
although  many  methods  of  procedure  were  suggested  as  desirable  in 
order  to  prevent  conflicting  claims  and  contests,  uo  method  could  be 
adopted  which  would  infringe  upon  the  homestead  and  town-site  laws. 
The  method  adopted  appeared  to  be  the  only  practicable  one  Avhich 
would  not  have  conflicted  with  some  provision  of  those  laws. 

A  number  of  special  agents  of  the  Department  arranged  the  neces- 
sary preliminaries  for  the  opening,  and  45  clerks  from  the  General 
Laud  Office  were  detailed  to  take  charge  of  the  booths. 

The  rush  of  applicants  for  certificates  was  uuiirecedented,  the  re- 
turns from  the  several  booths  showing  that  they  numbered  over  100,000, 
greatly  in  excess  of  the  expected  number.  This  rush  was  caused 
in  part  by  the  extensive  advertising  of  the  railroad  companies  and  by 
the  reports  published  in  the  public  press,  which  contained  misleading 
statements  as  to  the  quantity  and  quality  of  the  lands,  and  as  to  the 
necessary  qualifications  to  make  entry. 

As  soon  as  it  was  found  that  the  force  at  work  could  not  supply  all 
of  the  applicants  with  booth  certificates,  additional  help  was  Em- 
ployed. More  booths  were  constructed  at  the  points  where  crowds 
AYcre  the  largest,  and  when  the  hour  for  opening  the  land  to  settlement 
arrived,  all  who  had  appeared  at  the  booths  and  been  found  entitled 
to  receive  a  certificate  permitting  entry  upon  the  lands,  had  been  sup- 
plied therewith. 

That  hardships  were  incurred  by  applicants  was  an  unavoidable 
result,  when  so  large  a  crowd,  far  in  excess  of  the  land  to  be  obtained, 
was  preparing  to  rush  madly  upon  it.  Xo  care  of  the  Department  could 
have  lessened  the  intense  heat,  or  have  prevented  the  stifling  dust. 
The  scarcity  of  water  was  due  to  the  fact  that  an  extended  drought  had 
dried  up  many  of  the  usual  sources  of  water  supply,  and  when  crowds 
to  the  extent  of  over  20,000  gathered  in  the  neighborhood  of  a  single 
booth,  it  was  impossible  to  i^lace  all  the  booths  at  locations  suited  for 
entry,  and  also  to  find  a  sufficient  water  supply. 

It  is  believed  that  aside  from  these  hardshix^s  the  plan  adopted  was 
carried  to  a  successful  conclusion,  and  "that  it  X)revented,  to  a  large  ex- 
tent, the  wrongful  occupancy  of  land  by  people  who  were  not  entitled 
to  settle  thereon,  which  marked  the  first  opening  of  the  land  now  in- 
cluded in  Oklahoma,  and  which  is  referred  to  in  the  report  of  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Interior  dated  November  15,  1880. 

It  is  gratifying  to  know  that  the  governor  of  Oklahoma,  who  was 
upon  the  ground,  with  all  the  facts  before  him,  states  in  his  report 
that  "the  booth  system  has  done  avast  amount  of  good  in  keeping  out 
illegal  claimants,  and  will  long  continue  to  do  so.  The  difllculty  ex- 
perienced in  registering  at  the  booths  was  far  overbalanced  by  the 
check  it  was  upon  fraud." 


558     EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

It  sliould  also  be  remembered  tbat  Couf»ress  liad  made  no  appropri- 
ation to  meet  the  expenses  of  opeiiiug  tlie  Strip,  and  the  limited  amount 
tljat  coidd  be  advanced  from  tlie  contingent  fund  of  tlie  Department 
for  that  pnrpo.se  i)revented  preparations  beyond  those  which  seemed 
absolntely  necessary. 

The  liour  of  opening-  was  fixed  at  12  o'clock  noon  September  16, 1893, 
and  an  area  exceeding  that  of  some  of  the  States  was  then  added  to  the 
public  domain. 

The  Cherokee  Indian  Allotments. — The  act  of  Congress  provid- 
ing for  the  purchase  of  the  Cherokee  Outlet  also  provided  for  allotments 
to  be  made  to  not  more  than  70  Indians  on  account  of  improvements 
already  placed  upon  the  land  to  be  opened.  This  provision  of  the  act 
was  brought  to  my  attention  on  the  5th  of  April  last.  The  Acting- 
Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs,  Mr.  Belt,  differed  from  the  Assistant 
Attorney-General,  Mr.  Shields,  as  to  the  extent  of  the  privilege  thus 
accorded  to  the  Indians  claiming  improvements.  I  agreed  with  the 
Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  that  the  act  did  not  limit  the  allotment 
to  the  improved  lands,  but  I  endeavored  to  restrict  selections  to 
lands  joining  the  improved  lands.  A  subsequent  thorough  examina- 
tion of  the  act,  together  with  the  Journals  of  the  Senate  and  House, 
led  Assistant  Attorney- General  Hall  to  advise  me  that  the  allotments 
were  to  be  made  by  the  Indians,  and  that  the  only  power  of  the  Sec- 
retary to  control  the  selection  grew  out  of  the  x>rovisiou  of  the  act 
which  required  final  approval  of  the  selections  by  the  Secretary. 

I  endeavored,  but  without  success,  to  dissuade  those  representing 
the  Indians  from  seeking  to  select  town  sites  for  speculation. 

Believing  that  the  settlers  should  have  a  fair  chance  to  select  town 
lots,  and  that  purchasers  of  Indian  allotments  ought  not  to  be  per- 
mitted to  speculate  at  the  expense  of  settlers,  I  could  not  consent  to 
approve  the  allotments  at  i)laces  where  town  sites  were  located.  Two 
remedies  were  open ;  one  to  reject  the  allotments,  the  other  to  locate 
town  sites  at  places  distant  from  the  iioints  where  the  land  had  been 
selected  for  the  Indian  allotments.  The  rejection  of  the  selections 
which  had  been  made  by  the  Indians  was  calculated  to  cause  delay  in 
opening  the  land  to  settlement.  A  carefully  prepared  x^i'ofiJe  of  the 
localities  satisfied  experts  in  the  General  Land  OfQce  that  the  town 
sites  could  be  located  at  iDoints  several  miles  distant  from  the  proi)osed 
allotments  without  detriment  to  the  town  sites.  I  thereupon  approved 
the  allotments,  but  fixed  the  places  for  town  sites  in  such  a  way  as  to 
defeat,  if  possible,  the  schemes  of  those  who  were  speculating  in  Indian 
allotments. 

The  Government  towns  have  rapidly  filled  with  people,  and  yet  in 
several  instances  the  railroad  companies  made  war  upon  these  towns, 
and  have  exerted  their  intiuence  in  favor  of  the  towns  sought  to  be 
built  up  by  speculators  who  purchased  Indian  allotments. 

In  one  instance  a  railroad  company  has  declined  to  stop  its  trains  at 
a  Government  town  containing  over  5,000  people,  while  it  seems  pre- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     559 

pared  to  make  liberal  outlays  for  tlic  town  containing  but  little  over 
1,000  iuliabitants  held  hy  the  speculators. 

A  bill  has  been  introduced  in  Congress,  the  purpose  of  which  is  to 
compel  railroads  in  Territories  to  treat  with  fairness  the  people  upon 
the  line  of  the  roads,  and  to  prevent  the  possibility  of  discrimination 
in  favor  of  speculative  interests.  I  recommend  the  passage  of  legisla- 
tion which  will  protect  in  this  regard  the  people  now  occupying  the 
Government  towns  in  Oklahoma. 

While  the  opening  of  the  Strip  last  September  was  relieved  of  many 
difficulties  by  the  regulations  legally  made,  yet  it  must  be  confessed 
that  the  manner  of  entry  was  not  satisfactory. 

A  number  of  small  but  valuable  tracts  of  land  will  be  ready  for  set- 
tlement within  the  next  two  years.  It  is  impossible  for  the  Department 
to  prevent  trouble  without  additional  legislation,  and  as  a  substitute 
for  the  present  system,  I  recommend  the  adoption  by  Congress  of  some 
l)lan  which,  by  auction,  lottery,  or  otherwise,  may  determine  in  advance, 
the  ownershii)  of  each  particular  section  of  these  new  lands  which  are 
to  be  opened  to  settlement. 

All  the  provisions  applicable  to  limitation  of  quantity  of  land  and  to 
time  of  occupancy  now  contained  in  the  homestead  laws  might  be  pre; 
served,  if  the  selection  was  determined  by  award  to  the  highest  bidder 
at  an  open  sale.  ]S'o  man  ineligible  to  make  a  homestead  entry  sliould 
be  allowed  to  bid. 

I  do  not  press  a  particular  plan,  but  I  do  urge  that  something  of  this 
character  should  be  done;  otherwise  the  Dex)artment  may  not  be  able 
to  prevent  occurrences  substantially  similar  to  those  of  last  September. 

LEGAL  WORK. 

More  than  half  the  time  of  those  in  the  office  of  the  Assistant  Attor- 
ney-General is  devoted  to  appeals  from  the  General  Land  Office.  I  will, 
therefore,  refer  to  their  work  in  this  connection. 

The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  decisions,  miscellaneous  mat- 
ters, and  opinions  prepared  from  November  1, 1892,  to  October  31, 1893: 

From  November  1,  1892,  to  March  4,  1893 : 

Decisions 657 

Miscellaneous  matters 522 

Opinions  of  Assistant  Attorney-General 31 

From  March  4,  1893,  to  June  30,  1893: 

Decisions 500 

Miscellaneous  matters 275 

Opinions  of  Assistant  Attorney-General 12 

From  July  1,  1893,  to  October  31,  1893: 

Decisions 680 

Miscellaneous  matters 301 

Ojiinions  of  Assistant  Attorney-General 23 

Total : 

Decisions 1,  777 

Miscellaneous  matters 1,  098 

Opinions  of  Assistant  Attorney-General 99 


560     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

During  the  past  six  months,  many  important  questions  have  been 
settled  by  the  decisions  of  this  Department,  establishing  precedents 
which  will  control  in  a  large  number  of  cases  nov\"  pending. 

Eailroad  Grants. — In  August,  1888,  the  Department  rendered  a 
decision  in  the  case  of  Guilford  Miller  r.  Northern  Pacific  llailroad 
Company,  holding  that  as  the  sixth  section  of  the  grant  to  this  com- 
pany provided  for  a  withdrawal  of  land  upon  the  filing  of  map  of 
general  route,  which  became  effective  upon  the  approval  thereof,  that 
the  Executive  Department  was  without  authority  to  api)rove  a  second 
or  amended  map,  and  that  a  withdrawal  made  thereunder  was  without 
legal  force  or  effect.  The  effect  of  this  decision  was  to  hold  that  said 
company  was  not  entitled  to  the  benefit  of  the  second  withdrawal  made 
upon  its  amended  map  of  general  route  for  that  part  of  the  road  lying 
between  the  Columbia  Eiver  and  eastern  boundary  of  the  State  of 
Washington. 

A  large  number  of  cases  were  decided  under  this  authority,  and 
motions  for  review  in  all  of  said  cases  Avere  filed  within  the  time  re- 
quired by  the  rules  of  practice,  in  which  the  Department  was  asked  to 
review  and  overrule  the  decision  in  the  case  of  Guilford  Miller.  These 
motions  have  been  pending  before  the  Department,  undisposed  of,  since 
1888. 

In  the  case  of  Charles  Cole  v.  Northern  Pacific  Eailroad  Company, 
one  of  the  cases  above  referred  to,  a  decision  was  made  in  July  last, 
affirming  the  ruling  of  the  Department  in  the  case  of  Guilford  Miller,  so 
far  as  it  held  that  said  company  was  not  entitled  to  the  benefit  of  tlie 
withdrawal  made  upon  its  second  or  amended  map  of  general  route,  and 
that  said  withdrawal  was  without  legal  force  or  effect. 

The  settlement  of  this  question  will  enable  the  Department  to  dis- 
pose of  a  large  number  of  cases  involving  claims  to  lands  lying  opposite 
this  portion  of  the  company's  road,  upon  which  action  has  been  sus- 
l^ended  awaiting  a  decision  thereon. 

Adjustment  of  Grants. — In  August,  1887,  Secretary  Lamar,  be- 
ing impressed  withtheimportance  of  a  promptand  speedy  adjustment  of 
the  several  railroad  grants,  and  believing  that  the  continued  holding 
in  reservation  of  large  belts  of  lands  within  indemnity  limits  for  the 
benefit  of  the  railroad  companies  retarded  the  work,  issued  orders  re- 
voking withdrawals  of  indemnity  lands  in  all  cases  where  such  with- 
drawals rested  solely  upon  executive  authority  and  action.  Where  the 
withdrawals  were  made  by  legislative  authority  and  direction,  they  were 
afterwards  revoked  by  acts  of  Congress.  In  the  order  of  revocation  of 
August  13,  1887,  it  was  directed  that  the  lands  included  within  said 
limits  be  restored  to  the  public  domain,  except  such  lands  as  may  be  cov- 
ered by  approved  selections;  and  as  to  lands  covered  by  unapproved 
selections,  filings  and  entries  might  be  received,  subject  to  the  right  of 
the  company  to  show  that  the  land  is  subject  to  such  selection. 

Prior  to  1879  it  seems  to  have  been  the  practice  of  the  General 
LandOflBceto  allow  selections  of  indemnity  lands  without  requiring 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     561 

any  speciflcatioTi  of  losses.  On  November  7  of  tliat  year,  a  circular  was 
issued  requiring  losses  to  be  specified  in  all  cases j  but,  on  May  28, 
1883,  instructions  were  issued  to  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land 
Office,  allowing  the  iSTortheru  Pacific  Kailroad  Company  to  make  selec- 
tions without  designating  the  specific  loss,  leaving  it  to  the  General 
Land  Office  to  finally  ascertain  and  designate  the  lands  lost  in  place. 
This  was  believed  to  be  the  best  course  to  secure  a  speedy  adjustment 
of  this  grant,  but  it  failed  to  accomplish  the  result;  and  on  August  4, 
1885,  a  circular  was  issued  requiring  the  particular  deficiency  for  which 
indemnity  is  claimed  to  be  specified  in  all  cases  before  an  indemnity 
selection  should  be  allowed;  and  where  indemnity  selections  had  there- 
tofore been  filed  without  specification  of  losses,  the  companies  should 
be  required  to  designate  the  deficiencies  before  farther  selections  would 
be  allowed. 

Lists  of  selections  are  now  pending  in  the  General  Land  Office,  made 
prior  to  the  order  of  revocation,  which  do  not  designate  the  specific 
loss  for  each  tract  selected.  Being  impressed  with  the  necessity  for 
some  positive  action  in  the  premises,  in  order  to  facilitate  the  adjust- 
ment of  the  grants  and  to  protect  the  rights  of  adverse  claimants,  I 
directed  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office  to  call  upon  all 
railroad  companies  having  x)ending  indemnity  selections,  to  revise  their 
lists  within  sis  months  from  date  of  notice,  so  that  a  proper  basis  will 
be  shown  for  each  and  all  lands  now  claimed  as  indemnity,  the  same 
to  be  arranged,  tract  for  tract,  in  accordance  with  departmental  require- 
ments, and  that  all  tracts  formerly  claimed,  for  which  a  i^articular  basis 
is  not  assigned  in  the  manner  i)rescribed,  at  the  expiration  of  said  sis 
months,  be  disposed  of  under  the  terms  of  the  orders  restoring  indem- 
nity lands,  without  regard  to  such  previous  claim. 

Attorneys  Practicing  before  the  Department. — When  1 
came  into  office  I  found  a  rule  in  force  prohibiting  any  former  employe 
in  the  Government  service  from  appearing  as  attorney,  counsel,  or 
agent  in  the  prosecution  or  defense  of  any  case  that  w^as  pending  in 
the  Department  at  the  time  of  such  employment,  within  two  years 
after  such  employe  had  ceased  his  connection  with  the  Government 
service.  This  rule  was  predicated  upon  section  190  of  the  Eevised 
Statutes,  which  x^rohibits  any  "  officer,  clerk,  or  employ<S  in  any  of  the 
Dei)artments  to  act  as  counsel,  attorney,  or  agent  for  i)rosecuting  any 
claim  against  the  United  States  which  was  pending  in  either  of  said 
Departments  while  he  was  such  officer,  clerk,  or  emjiloye,  nor  in  any 
manner,  nor  by  any  means,  to  aid  in  the  prosecution  of  any  such  claim 
witliin  two  years  nest  after  he  shall  have  ceased  to  be  such  officer, 
clerk,  or  employe." 

Upon  a  careful  consideration  of  this  question,  I  became  satisfied 
that  the  phrase  "claim  against  the  United  States,"  as  employed  in  said 
section,  must  be  construed  to  mean  a  money  demand  against  the 
United  States,  and  that  the  inhibition  did  not  apply  to  the  prosecution 
of  cases  before  the  land  department,  in  which  the  claimant  was  seeking 
Ab.  93 3G 


562      REPOET  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

to  acquire  title  to  a  tract  of  iiublic  laud  under  the  general  laud  laws, 
in  which  no  money  demand  was  involved.  I  therefore  held  that  a  former 
employe  iu  the  Government  service  was  not  by  reason  of  such  former 
employment  iiroliibited  from  appearing  before  this  Department  as 
attorney,  counsel,  or  agent  in  behalf  of  any  claimant  in  the  prosecution 
of  a  claim  for  a  tract  of  public  laud. 

Disqualification  of  Eegisters  and  Eeceivers. — In  the  case 
of  Eiablen  v.  Weed  (IG  L.  D.,  28)  it  bad  been  held  that  a  local  officer 
having  a  pecuniary  interest  in  a  cause,  was  not  disqualified  from  sitting 
and  taking  i)art  in  the  trial  of  such  cause,  for  the  reason  that  each  of 
said  ofiicers  is  required  to  take  part  in  the  consideration  of  all  cases 
coming  before  them,  and  no  provision  is  madefor  a  change  of  venue  or 
for  the  designation  of  any  other  officer  to  hear  and  determine  such  cases. 

Notwithstanding  the  failure  of  the  statute  to  i)rovidefor  the  hearing 
of  such  cases,  I  was  satisfied  that  any  ruling  authorizing  a  party 
having  an  interest  in  any  in  after  in  controversy  to  participate  in  the 
trial  and  to  control  the  judgment  in  such  cases,  was  contrary  to  every 
legal  principle,  and  could  not  stand  the  test  of  judicial  investigation. 
Ul)ou  a  motion  for  review,  I  reversed  this  decision,  and  held  that  a 
local  officer  having  a  property  interest  in  any  matter  in  controversy 
coming  before  the  local  office  for  which  he  was  appointed,  was  dis- 
qualified from  hearing  and  determining  such  cause  (17  L.  D.,  220). 

The  failure  of  the  law  to  make  i^rovision  for  designating  some  official 
to  hear  and  determine  causes  arising  in  the  local  land  offices,  in  which 
either  the  register  or  receiver,  or  both,  are  disqualified  from  acting,  by 
reason  of  their  interest  in  the  matter  in  controversy'",  induced  me  to 
call  attention  to  the  necessity  for  legislation  upon  the  subject,  and  a 
bill  is  now  pending  before  Congress  to  supply  this  deficiency. 

INDIAN  AFFAIRS. 

A  fair  examination  of  the  work  of  this  Bureau  for  "the  last  fiscal 
year,  furnishes  proof  in  supx)ort  of  the  wisdom  of  the  policy  which 
for  the  past  few  years  has  controlled  the  administration  of  Indian 
affairs,  Slowly,  but  steadily,  these  wards  of  the  nation  are  being 
advanced  to  a  condition  suited  for  citizenship.  The  expenditures 
necessary  are  large,  the  labor  required  is  great,  but  the  responsibility 
can  not  otherwise  be  fulfilled.  It  is  a  mistake  to  supx)osc  that  the 
number  of  Indians  is  rapidly  decreasing.  On  the  contrary,  the  last 
censns  shows  over  250,000,  and  tribal  wars  and  wars  with  the  whites 
having  ceased,  they  are  increasing  rather  than  diminishing  in  number. 

Much  good  is  being  accomplished  by  tlie  allotment  of  land  in  sever- 
alty. True,  some  of  those  who  thus  accept  homes  are  careless,  and  fail 
to  properly  utilize  the  benefits  conferred,  but  others  are  working  snc- 
ces§fully  upon  their  farms,  and  are  adapting  themselves  to  the  changed 
conditions. 

The  school  house  is  beginning  to  have  a  marked  elfect  upon  the 
race.     Over  21,000  children  were  entered  as  scholars  during  the  past 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


hGS 


fiscal  year  and  liave  been  carefully  trained  in  the  habits  and  customs 
of  civilized  life,  as  well  as  instructed  in  tliose  branches  taught  in  com- 
mon schools. 

It  should  not  be  expected  that  all  these  children  will  retain,  when 
returned  to  their  savage  parents,  the  habits  and  manner  of  life  which 
they  were  required  to  adopt  while  attending  school,  but  the  education 
and  the  influence  which  they  carry  to  their  homes  is  having  a  gradual 
effect  which  will  be  certain  in  its  result. 

Agents. — Under  the  provisions  of  the  Indian  Appropriation  Act  of 
July  13,  1892,  a  large  number  of  Army  officers  have  been  detailed  as 
Indian  agents.  The  ideal  agent  is  the  man  who,  capable  and  honest, 
comes  Co  the  work  freed  from  any  purpose  other  than  the  zealous  dis- 
charge of  his  duties.  There  will  always  be  men  residing  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Indian  reservations  who,  to  a  greater  or  less  degree,  live 
ui)on  the  successful  execution  of  schemes  connected  with  the  Indians, 
and  there  will  be  local  interests  sure  to  conflict  with  the  rights  of  the 
Indians  upon  the  reservations.  The  agent  must  be  free  from  bias  in 
these  matters,  and,  where  civilians  have  been  appointed,  an  effort  has 
been  made  to  obtain  men  at  a  distance  from  the  reservations  to  which 
they  are  assigned.  I  cordially  approve  the  views  of  the  Commissioner 
urged  in  support  of  the  wisdom  of  this  policy.  The  agent  should  be 
selected  on  account  of  his  fitness,  and  he  should  be  retained  solely 
because  of  his  i)roficiency  in  the  service.  It  will  be  the  earnest  eflbit 
of  the  Dei^artment  to  bring  promptly  to  your  attention  the  name  of 
any  agent  who  foils  to  reach  a  high  standard,  and  to  ask  for  his  removal. 

Estimate  for  Appropriations. — The  estimate  submitted  of  appro- 
priations for  the  Indian  service  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1895,  amounts  to  86,931,756.61.  This  is  $193,639.83  less  than  the  sum 
appropriated  for  the  current  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1894. 

Education. — The  following  tables  give  the  enrollment  and  average 
attendance  at  Indian  schools  from  1887  to  1893 : 

Table. — Enrollment  and  average  attendance  at  Indian  schools,  1S91  to  1893. 

ENROLLED. 


Kind  of  school. 

1887. 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1803. 

Governraent  scliools: 

6,847 
3,115 

9,962 

2,763 

1,044 

564 

6,998 
3,175 

6,797 
2,863 

7,236 
2,963 

8,572 
2,877 

9,634 
3,481 

11,185 
3,513 

D.iy T. 

Total 

10, 173 

3,234. 

1,203 

512 

9,660 

4,038 

1,307 

779 

10, 199 

11,449 

13, 115 

14,  698 

Contract  Rcbools : 

4.186 

1,004 

988 

4,282 

886 
1,309 

4,262 

839 

1,344 

4,240 

616 

1.297 

Day 

Boarding,  specially  appropriated  for... 

Total. 

4,373 

5,039 

6,124 

6,178 

6,477 

6,445 

190 

157 

19. 907 
1,981 

6  153 

Public  dav  schools 

243 

Mission  schools  not  assisted  by  Govern- 
ment ;  bo.irding  and  day  pupils 

.. 

44 

14,  333 

15,212 

17,  926 
1,549 

Aggregate 

15,  784 

16, 377 

21, 138 

1,231 

564:  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

Table. — Enrollment  and  average  attendance  at  Indian  sehooh,  1S91  to  1S93 — Contimicd. 
AVERAGE  ATTENDANCE. 


Kind  of  school. 

1S87. 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

Government  scliools: 

5,276 
1,896 

5,533 
1,929 

5,212 
1,744 

5,644 
],780 

6,749 
1,661 

7,622 
2,084 

9,098 

2,  131 

Total  

7,172 

7,462 

0,956 

7,424 

8,410 

9,706 

11,229 

Contract  schools: 

2,258 
GDI 
486 

2,694 

786 
478 

3,213 
662 
721 

3,384 

587 
837 

3,504 

502 
1,172 

3,585 

473 

1,204 

3,403 

Day 

342 

Boarding,  specially  appropriated  for... 

1,111 

Total 

3,348 

3,958 

4,590 

4,808 

5,178 

5,202 

4,916 

106 

93 

15,167- 
1,579 

160 

Mission  schools   not  assisted   by  Goveru- 

28 

10,  520 

11,  420 

11, 552 

12, 232 

13,  588 
1,350 

10,  333 

1,160 

1 

Six  new  training  scliools  have  been  opened  since  the  last  animal 
report,  viz:  at  Pipestone,  Minn.;  Mount  Pleasant,  Mich.;  Flandreau,  S. 
Dak. ;  Tomah,  Wis. ;  Perris,  Gal. ;  and  Fort  Shaw,  Mont.  The  first  four 
originated  with  Congress.  Perris  is  the  only  boarding  school  ever  fur- 
nished for  the  Mission  Indians  in  California.  The  Port  Shaw  school  is 
in  a  vacated  military  post. 

There  are  now  twenty  nonreservation  training  schools,  as  shown  in 
the  following  table : 


Table. 


-Location,  avcratje  attendance,  capaciti/,  etc.,  of  nonreservation  training  schools 
during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1893. 


Kame  of  school. 


Carlisle,  Pa 

Chemawa,  Oregon 

Fort  Stevenson,  N.  Dak.. 

Chilocco,  liid.  T 

Genoa,  Kebr 

Albuquerque,  N.  Mex 

Haskell,  Kana 

Grand  Junction,  Colo 

Santa  Fe,N.Me.K 

Fort  Mojave,  Ariz 

Carson,  Nev 

Pierre,  S.  I)ak 

Phoenix,  Ariz 

Fort  Lewis,  Colo 

Fort  Shaw,  Mout 

Perris,  Cal 

Flandreau,  S.  Dak 

Pijiestoiie,  ^linn 

Mount  Pleasant,  Mich 

Tomah,  Wis 


Total  . 


Date  of 
opening. 


Nov. 
Feb. 
Deo. 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Aug. 
Sejit. 

Oct., 
Oct., 
Dec, 
Feb., 
Sept, 
Mar. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
ifar. 
Feb. 
Jan. 
Jan. 


19, 


1879 
1880 
1883 
1884 
1884 
1884 
1S81 
1880 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1891 
1802 
1892 
1893 
1893 
1893 
1893 
1893 


Niimher 
of  em- 
ploy 68. 


Rate  per 
annum. 


107 
175 


107 
107 
175 
167 
175 
175 
167 
175 
167 
175 


167 


167 
167 
167 


Capacity 


*800 
300 
1.50 
t300 
400 
300 
500 
120 
175 
150 
125 
180 
130 
300 
250 
120 
150 

75 
100 

75 


4,700 


Enroll- 
ment. 


840 

336 

157 

236 

414 

269 

600 

102 

173 

134 

122 

147 

121 

94 

171 

113 

98 

61 

59 

93 


4,  340 


Average 
attend- 
ance. 


731 

248 

153 

224 

340 

222 

538 

98 

118 

118 

80 

120 

105 

03 

130 

00 

86 

38 

36 

77 


3,021 


'  With  outing  system. 


f  "When  improvements  under  way  are  completed. 


A  detailed  statement  of  the  operations  of  the  schools  will  be  found 
in  the  rex)ort  of  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     565 

The  scliools  are  organized  with  a  general  superintendent  and,  as 
a  rule,  under  the  immediate  control  of  local  superintendents,  the 
latter  being  aided  by  teachers  and  assistant  teachers.  The  local 
superintendents  have  been  placed  witbin  the  classified  service.  Many 
of  them  are  bonded  officers,  and  have  entire  responsibility  for  every- 
thing connected  with  their  schools,  including  financial  management 
and  property  interests. 

The  Commissioner  states  that  the  ordinary  civil-service  examination 
does  not  furnish  a  proper  test  of  the  fitness  of  applicants  for  these 
positions.  I  fully  agree  with  him  in  this  view.  So  far  as  I  know,  it  is 
not  the  practice  under  any  well-regulated  school  system  to  select  super- 
intendents through  competitive  examination.  The  mere  technical 
knowledge  which  furnishes  capacity  to  stand  a  civil-  service  examination , 
fails  entirely  to  demonstrate  the  qualities  required  of  an  efficient  school 
superintendent. 

Executive  ability,  force,  character,  capacity  to  manage,  ardor, 
enthusiasm — such  qualities  are  worth  infinitely  more  in  a  superin- 
tendent than  mere  technical  inforjnation.  They  are  of  a  higher  order 
than  mere  routine  knowledge.  These  officers  should  be  selected  with- 
out regard  to  politics.  They  should  be  chosen  by  the  general  superin- 
tendent, not  necessarily  from  applicants,  but  after  careful  inquiry 
among  school  men  to  find  those  who  have  already  passed  examinations 
for  lower  xiositions,  and  who,  as  teachers,  have  shown  ability  suited  to 
the  work. 

The  evil  result  of  obtaining  superintendents  through  a  civil-service 
examination  has  not  so  far  afiected  the  schools,  because,  as  the  letters 
of  the  former  officers  in  charge  show,  as  soon  as  it  was  determined  to 
bring  these  i)laces  within  the  classified  service  all  the  vacancies  were 
hastily  filled  to  obviate  the  necessity  of  obtaining  superintendents  from 
the  civil  service. 

Nor  should  teachersbe  obtained  by  thex^resent  system  of  civil-service 
examination.  A  x^hT-n  should  be  adox^ted,  through  conference  between 
the  Civil  Service  Commission  and  the  general  suxierintendent  of  the 
schools,  x)roviding  for  examination  for  teachers  to  be  held  in  various 
localities  by  the  local  sux)erintendcnts  and  by  others  engaged  in  school 
work;  but  even  .then  the  exx)erience  of  the  ax^plicant  as  a  teacher 
should  be  estimated,  and  should  count  full  as  much  as  the  mere  tech- 
nical c»xamination  which  may  be  x^rovided. 

I  wish,  however,  to  be  fully  understood  as  insisting  that  these  local 
superintendents  and  teachers  shall  hold  their  x>ositions  during  comx)e- 
tent  service,  and  shall,  in  no  sense,  be  subject  to  change  on  account 
of  x^olitics  or  official  cax)rice.  Their  tenure  of  office  should  be  as  x'cr- 
manent  as  if  they  were  within  the  classified  service. 

A  system  of  day  schools  ux^on  reservations  has  been  established 
somewhat  after  the  lAan  of  the  common  schools  of  the  country.  By 
means  of  these  schools  the  children  are  x^i'exjared  to  enter  at  a  juore 


566     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

advanced  stage  the  boarding  and  other  scliools.  These  day  schools 
have  their  advantages,  in  that  the  influence  of  education  is  exerted 
more  immedintely  upon  the  families  of  the  scholars  because  of  the 
daily  contact  between  them. 

The  report  of  tlie  Commissioner  sho\YS  the  progress  that  has  been 
made  in  allotting  lands  to  the  Indians,  as  follows: 

On  Eeseryations.— To  the  following  Indians  the  patents  issued 
last  year  have  been  delivered : 

Clieyeuucs  aud  Arapulioes  in  Oklahoma 3,  294 

Citizen  Pottawatomies  in  Olclalioma 1^  363 

Absentee  Sliawnces  in  Oklalaoma 561 

Patents  have  been  issued  and  delivered  to  the  following  Indians: 

Pottawatoniics  in  Kansas 115 

Scnecas  in  Indian  Territory 301 

Eastern  Sliawuces  in  Indian  Territory 48 

Sac  and  Fox  in  Kansas  and  Nebraska 76 

Oueidas  in  Wisconsin 1,  500 

Patents  have  been  issued,  but  not  delivered,  to  the  following  Indians : 

Sisseton  and  Walijieton  Sioux  in  North  Dakota  and  South  Dakota 1,  339 

Medawakanton,  etc.,  Sioux  on  Devils  Lake  Reservation,  in  North  Dakota 776 

Tonkawas  in  Oklahoma 73 

Allotments  have  been  approved  by  the  Indian  office  and  the  Depart- 
ment, and  iiatents  are  now  being  prepared  in  the  General  Land  Office 
for  the  following  Indians: 

Potta^Yatomies  in  Kansas 150 

Pawnees  in  Oklahoma 820 

Umatillas,  Cayuses,  and  Walla  Wallas  in  Oregon 893 

Klamath  River  Indians  in  California 161 

Schedules  of  the  following  allotments  have  been  received  in  the  Indian 
Oflice,  but  have  not  yet  been  finally  acted  upon: 

lowas  in  Kansas  and  Nebraska 142 

Nez  Percys  in  Idaho 1  1, 699 

Medawakanton,  etc.,  Sioux  in  North  Dakota 356 

Indians  on  Silctz  Reservation  in  Oregon 536 

Work  is  progressing  on  the  following  reservations:  Moqui,  Arizona; 
Mission  and  Hoopa  Valley,  California;  PottaAvatomie  aud  Kickapoo, 
Kansas;  Chippewa,*  Minnesota;  Ponca  and  Otoe,  Oklahoma;  Warm 
Springs,  Oregon;  Lower  Brule,  South  Dakota;  and  Yakama,  Wash- 
ington. The  work  on  the  Warm  Sjiring  and  Yakama  reservations  is 
nearly  completed.  It  has  been  nuich  retarded  among  the  Pottawato- 
mies  and  Kickapoos  by  the  determined  opposition  of  a  small  faction. 

Purchase  of  Cueyenne  and  Arapahoe  Eeseryation. — The 
deed  for  the  release  to  the  United  States  by  the  Choctaws  and  Chicka- 
saws  of  the  land  formerly  embraced  in  the  Chej-enne  and  Arapahoe 
Eeservation  has  been  approved,  and  82,94:2,050  has  been  paid  in  i)ur- 
suance  of  the  act  of  Congress.    While  the  proiiriety  of  this  i)ayment 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     567 

has  been  much  questioned,  it  liad  ceased  to  be  a  niatter  for  executive 
consideration,  and  tlie  law  was  executed  in  accordance  with  its  require- 
ments. 

KiCKAPOO  Purchase. — Under  an  agreement,  approved  March  3, 
1893,  allotments  ai-e  to  be  made  in  severalty  to  the  Indians  belonging 
to  the  Kickapoo  tribe.  Each  allotment  is  to  consist  of  80  acres.  The 
population  of  the  tiibe  numbers  325.  The  area  of  the  reservation  is 
20G,4GG  acres.  The  allotment  will  soon  be  completed,  and  will  leave 
175,000  acres  of  magnificent  land  to  be  opened  for  settlement.  It  is 
claimed  that  no  land  heretofore  opened  surpasses  it  in  value  for  agri- 
cultural purposes. 

Commissions  and  Negotiations  for  Eeduction  of  Eeserva-  ' 
TiONS. — The  commission  to  reopen  negotiations  for  the  cession  of  a 
portion  of  the  Shoshone  Reserve  in  Wyoming  failed  to  reach  an  agree- 
ment with  the  Indians. 

A  bill  is  now  before  Congress  providing  for  the  procurement  of  the 
consent  of  the  Indians  for  the  restoration  to  the  public  domain  of  the 
Walker  River  Reservation  in  Nevada;  also,  the  reduction  of  the  Pyra- 
mid Lake  Reservation  to  a  greater  extent  than  was  contemplated  in 
the  agreement  made  with  the  Pyramid  Lake  Indians  October  17,  1891, 
which  agreement  failed  of  ratification  by  the  Senate. 

The  Indian  appropriation  act  of  March  3,  1893,  provides  for  the 
appraisal,  by  a  commission,  of  such  portions  of  the  lands  allotted  to  the 
Puyallup  Indians  in  Washington  as  are  not  needed  by  them  for  homes, 
and  of  that  part  of  the  agency  tract  not  needed  for  school  purposes; 
also  for  the  sale  of  the  aforesaid  lands  at  public  auction  after  the  con- 
sent of  the  Indians  thereto  shall  have  been  obtained.  The  net  proceeds 
ot  the  sales  of  allotted  lands  are  to  be  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  respec- 
tive allottees,  and  the  net  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  the  agency  tract  are 
to  constitute  a  school  fund  for  the  tribe. 

An  agreement,  dated  October  1,  1892,  with  IJie  Siletz  Indians  in 
Oregon,  ceding  for  $100,000  about  178,840  acres,  was  submitted  to 
Congress,  but  not  acted  upon. 

An  agreement  Avith  the  Nez  Perces  in  Idaho,  dated  May  1,  1893,  for 
the  cession  for  $1,020,222  of  about  542,074  acres,  has  not  yet  been  trans- 
mitted to  Congress. 

The  same  is  true  of  an  agreement  dated  December  31,  1892,  with  the 
Yankton.  Sioux,  ceding-  some  108,000  acres  for  $000,000  plus  $20  for 
each  male  adult  of  the  tribe. 

March  3  last,  Congress  ratified  three  agreements  made  by  the  Cher- 
okee Commission:  the  agreement  of  October  21,  1891,  made  with  the 
Tonkawas  in  Oklahoma;  the  agreement  of  November  23,1882,  with 
the  Pawnees,  by  which  they  ceded  all  their  reservation,  subject  to  allot- 
ment of  lands  in  severalty,  for  $1.25  per  acre;  the  agreement  of  Decem- 
ber 19,  1891,  with  the  Cherokees,  for  the  cession  of  Ciierokee  Out- 
let, containing  a  i^rovision  for  the  making  of  about  seventy  allotments 


568     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

tliereoii.  The  lands  covered  by  these  three  agreenients  were  thrown 
open  by  Presidential  i)roclaination  at  12  o'clock  noon,  September  16, 
1893.    They  aggregate  some  0,301,135  acres. 

The  Chii)pewa  Commission  has  succeeded,  up  to  September  1,  1893, 
in  removing  043  Chippewasto  the  White  Earth  Eeservation;  85  others 
after  removal  returned  to  their  former  homes.  Allotments  of  80  acres 
each  have  been  made  at  White  Earth  to  2,209  Indians. 

A  commission  has  appraised  certain  grazing  and  timber  lands  of 
the  Round  Valley  Eeservation,  Cal.,  at  a  valuation  of  $115,938.20,  and 
the  improvements  thereon  at  812,250.  These  lauds  are  to  be  disposed 
of  at  public  sale,  the  proceeds  to  be  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  Indians. 

The  agreement  concluded  with  the  Turtle  Mountain  Chippewas  for 
the  cession  of  a  large  tract  in  North  Dakota  failed  of  ratification  by 
the  last  Congress.  Until  this  is  ratified,  nothing  can  be  done  in  the 
way  of  allotting  lands  and  permanently  settling  these  Indians. 

Com:\iission  to  Treat  with  the  FmE  Civilized  Tribes. — The  act 
of  Congress  approved  ]\Iarch  3,  1893,  provides  for  the  appointment  of 
three  commissioners  to  enter  into  negotiations  with  the  Cherokee  Nation, 
the  Choctaw  Nation,  the  Chickasaw  Nation,  the  Muscogee  or  Creek 
Nation,  and  the  Seminole  Nation,  for  the  purpose  of  extinguishing  the 
national  or  tribal  title  to  any  land  within  the  Indian  Territory  now 
held  by  any  and  all  of  such  nations  and  tribes,  either  by  cession  of  the 
same,  or  some  part  thereof,  to  the  United  States,  or  by  the  allotment 
or  division  of  the  same  in  severalty  among  the  Indians  of  such  nations 
and  tribes  respectively  as  may  be  entitled  to  the  same,  or  by  such  other 
methods  as  may  be  agreed  upon  between  the  several  tribes  and  nations 
referred  to,  or  each  of  them,  with  the  United  States,  with  a  view  to 
such  an  adjustment  upon  the  basis  of  justice  and  equity  as  may,  with 
the  consent  of  such  nations  or  tribes  of  Indians,  so  far  as  may  be  nec- 
essary, be  requisite  and  suitable  to  enable  the  ultimate  creation  of  a 
State  or  States  of  thd  Union  which  shall  embrace  the  lands  within  said 
Indian  Territory. 

This  important  commission  has  been  appointed,  and  consists  of  Hon. 
Henry  L.  Dawes,  of  Massachusetts;  Hon.  Archibald  S.  McKennon,  of 
Arkansas;  and  Hon.  Meredith  H.  Kidd,  of  Indiana. 

The  thickly  settled  condition  of  the  country  immediately  contiguous 
to  the  Indian  Territory  has  rendered  It  impossible  to  keep  out  intrud- 
ers. In  the  Chickasaw  Nation  alone  there  ar^  over  49,000  whites  and 
only  3,000  Ind  ians.  The  Territory  is  traversed  by  railroads.  The  prog- 
ress of  civilization  has  crossed  its  borders,  and  the  time  must  soon 
come  when,  for  the  protection  of  the  people  within  its  limits,  the  laws 
of  the  United  States  must  be  made  applicable  thereto.  It  is  earnestly 
to  be  hoped  that  the  commission  may  be  able  to  reach  satisfactory 
terms  of  agreement  with  the  respective  nations  for  the  puriiose  of 
speedily  accomplishing  a  result  so  much  to  be  desired. 

Irrigation. — The  last  Indian  appropriation  act  provides  $40,000 
for  irrigation  on  Indian  reservations,  a  portion  of  which  sum  is  to  be 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.      569 

nsediu  sinking  artesian  wells  on  tlie  Pine  Ridge,  Rosebud,  and  Stand- 
ing Rock  reservations. 

A  fine  artesian  well,  Avitli  a  flow  of  780  gallons  per  minute,  has  been 
developed  at  tlie  Pierre  scliool,  South  Dakota. 

The  construction  of  dams,  ditches,  etc.,  is  in  progress  on  the  Crow 
Reservatiou  in  Montana,  paid  for  out  of  tribal  funds. 

The  Blue  Mountain  Irrigation  and  Improvement  Comiiany  and  the 
Umatilla  Irrigation  Company,  both  of  Oregon,  are  to  construct  irrigat- 
ing reservoir,  ditches,  etc.,  on  and  across  the  Umatilla  Reservation  under 
acts  of  January  12, 1893,  and  February  10, 1891.  The  Umatilla  Indians 
are  to  be  compensated  for  lands  taken  for  such  purposes  and  to  have 
the  privilege  under  departmental  regulations  of  utilizing  for  their  own 
benefit  the  irrigation  facilities  thus  furnished. 

Upon  the  Kavajo  Reservation  Army,  officers  have  made  a  careful 
survey  with  contour  map,  showing  in  detail  how  a  water  supply  may 
be  developed  upon  that  barren  reserve.  For  the  carrying  out  of  their 
recommendations  $60,000  is  now  available,  and  the  Commissioner  has 
recommended  that  a  competent  man  be  appointed  to  suj)erintend  the  work. 

During  the  last  fiscal  year  the  expenditure  of  some  $42,554  for  irri- 
gating purposes  was  authorized.  The  principal  i)art  of  this  money  was 
assigifed  to  the  Pima  Reservation,  Ariz. ;  Yakama,  Wash.;  Western 
Shoshone,  Pyramid  Lake,  and  Walker  River  reservations,  ISTev. ;  Flat- 
head, Mont.;  Fort  Hall,  Idaho;  Uuray  Reservation,  Utah. 

Cash  Payhients. — During  the  year  there  was  paid  in  cash  to  Indians 
other  than  the  five  civilized  tribes  83,071,211,  of  which  $975,147  was 
jiaid  in  return  for  supplies  or  services  furnished.  This  latter  sum 
stands  for  no  small  amount  of  labor  on  the  part  of  the  Indians,  and 
is,  of  course,  of  vastly  greater  benefit  to  the  recipients  thau  would 
be  a  much  larger  amount  paid  to  them  without  exacting  any  labor  in 
return. 

Field  Matrons. — The  appropriation  of  $5,000  will  keep  only  seven 
field  matrons  in  the  service,  but,  small  as  is  the  territory  covered  and 
intangible  as  are  many  of  the  results,  the  work  has  proved  of  great 
value  in  hastening  Indian  civilization  and  juitting  it  upon  the  right 
basis,  which  is  the  home  basis. 

During  the  three  years  of  their  employment,  field  matrons  have  been 
assigned  to  the  following  tribes :  Yakamas,  Cheyennes  and  Arapalioes, 
Mission  Indians,  Poncas  in  Nebraska,  Mexican  Eackapoos,  Sioux, 
Navajoes  and  Moquis,  the  aim  being  to  place  them  mainly  among  tribes 
who  have  received,  or  are  about  to  receive  allotments,  and  who  are 
endeavoring  to  adopt  new  modes  of  living. 

Their  duties  cover  everything  connected  with  domestic  work,  sewing, 
care  of  children,  nursing  the  sick,  improvement  of  house  and  premises, 
organizing  of  societies  for  mental,  moral,  and  social  advancement  of 
old  and  young,  and,  in  fact,  anything  which  women  of  good  judgment, 
quick  symi)athies,  fertility  of  resource,  large,   x>ractical  experience. 


570     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

abundant  energy,  and  sound  liealtli  can  find  to  do  among  an  ignorant, 
superstitious,  poor,  and  confiding  people.  Kindly  house  to  house  visita- 
tion, with  practical  lessons  then  and  there  of  how  to  do  what  needs  to  be 
done,  is  tlie  metliod  employed,  coupled  with  much  hospitality  and  fre- 
quent gatherings  in  the  home  of  the  field  matron,  which  home  serves 
always  as  an  object  lesson,  and  often  as  a  refuge. 

I  cordially  endorse  the  recommendation  of  the  Commissioner  for  the 
renewal  of  the  appropriation  for  field  matrons. 

Sale  of  Liquor  to  Indians. — Much  trouble  has  arisen  from  the 
sale  of  liqnor  to  Indian  soldiers,  who,  in  turn,  furnish  it  to  Indians  on 
the  reservations.  Officers  commanding  militaiy  posts  have  been  greatly 
embarrassed  by  the  excessive  drinking  of  the  Indian  troops,  who, 
being  refused  liquor  at  post  canteens,  are  able  to  get  all  the  whisky 
they  can  pay  for  from  saloons  near  by.  The  Indian  Office  has  in- 
structed its  agents  that  Indians  enlisted  in  the  Army  are  still  under 
their  charge,  as  far  as  the  duty  of  x^rotecting  them  from  degrading 
influences  is  concerned.  It  accordingly  directed  the  agent  for  the  Col- 
villo  Agency  to  confer  witli  the  United  States  district  attorney  for  the 
district  of  Washington,  with  a  view  to  having  indictments  brought 
against  one  Fox  for  the  sale  of  whisky  to  Indian  soldiers.  Fox  was 
arrested  and  the  United  States  jury  indicted  him  on  three  charges. 
Although  he  was  acquitt-ed  of  the  charge  of  selling  whisky  to  the  Indian 
soldiers,  the  court  decided  "  that  Indians  enlisted  in  the  Army  are  still 
under  the  charge  of  an  Indian  agent,  within  the  meaning  of  section 
213i),  Eevised  Statutes^  and  that  it  is  unlawful  to  dispose  of  spirituous 
liquors  to  them."  If  this  doctrine  was  adhered  to,  and  generally  en- 
forced by  the  courts,  it  would  result  in  lasting  benefit  to  enlisted 
Indians,  to  the  Army  of  which  they  form  a  part,  and  to  the  Indian 
service  generally. 

Indian  Depredations  Claims. — The  matter  of  the  payment  of 
claims  arising  out  of  depredations  by  Indians  upon  the  property  of  citi- 
zens of  the  United  States,  and  the  recent  legislation  of  Congress  in  rela- 
tion thereto,  is  a  subject  for  the  gravest  consideration;  but,  as  the 
matter  may  affect  the  economic  administration  of  the  Government  and 
largely  increase  the  demands  upon  its  Treasury,  it  wQuld  seem  not 
improper  to  direct  the  attention  of  Congress  to  the  subject. 

In  the  earlier  days  of  the  Eepublic,  commencing  with  the  act  of  May 
19,  179G  (1  Stat.,  472),  Congress,  in  legislating  upon  the  matter  of 
Indian  depredations  and  directing  what  steps  might  be  taken  to  demand 
through  our  officers  reparation  from  the  Indians,  guaranteed  to  the  party 
injured  "eventual  indemnification."  This  guaranty  was  repeated  in 
about  the  same  words  in  subsequent  acts  until  it  was  expressly  repealed 
by  act  of  February  28,  1859  (11  Stat.,  401). 

It  is  to  be  observed  also  that  up  to  the  passage  of  the  act  of  June 
30, 1834  (4  Stat.,  731),  there  was  no  limitation  prescribed  as  against 
depredation  claims;  but  tluit  act  provided  that  such  claims  nuist  be 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    TPIE    INTERIOR.  571 

presented  to  the  officers  of  tlie  Governmeut  within  three  years  after  the 
commission  of  the  injury. 

Under  this  legishxtion  a  few  claims  of  citizens  were  paid  by  the 
Department,  but  after  the  repeal  of  the  '' eventual  indemnification" 
clause.  Congress,  in  section  4  of  the  Indian  appropriation  act  of  July 
loj  1870  (IC  Stat.,  335,  3G0),  prohibited  the  payment  of  claims  for 
depredations  out  of  any  moneys  thereby  or  thereafter  appropriated 
for  the  expenses  of  the  Indian  department  for  annuities  or  for  the  care 
and  benefit  of  any  of  the  Indian  tribes  named  in  said  act.  And  it  was 
declared  that  no  claims  for  Indian  depredations  should  thereafter  be 
paid  without  a  specific  appropriation  therefor. 

The  whole  of  said  section  is  carried  into  section  2098  of  the  Revised 
Statutes,  which  is  as  follows: 

No  part  of  the  moneys  wliieli  may  be  appropriated  in  auy  general  act  or  deficiency 
bill  making  appropriations  for  tlie  current  and  contingent  exj)euses  incurred  in  Indian 
affairs,  to  pay  annuities  due  to  or  to  be  used  and  expended  for  the  care  and  benefit 
of  any  tribe  or  tribes  of  Indians,  shall  be  applied  to  the  payment  of  any  claim  for 
depredations  that  may  have  been  or  may  be  committed  by  such  tribe  or  tribes,  or 
anj"  member  or  members  thereof.  No  claims  for  Indian  dejiredations  shall  be  paid 
until  Congress  shall  make  special  appropriation  therefor. 

From  time  to  time  since  the  foregoing  legislation,  Congress  has  made 
further  enactments  in  regard  to  the  investigation  of  and  report  upon 
these  depredations  claims  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  and  has 
made  appropriation  to  aid  in  said  investigations.  But  otherwise  the 
law  remained  substantially  as  it  was  ui)ou  the  passage  of  the  act  of 
July,  1870,  until  the  enactment  of  the  more  recent  legislation  as  con- 
tained in  the  act  of  March  3,  1891  (20  Stat.,  851). 

By  this  act,  jurisdiction  is  conferred  upon  the  Court  of  Claims  to 
"inquire  into  and  fiuallj'  adjudicate" — 

1.  All  claims  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  for  depredations  by 
Indians  belonging  to  any  tribe  or  band  in  amity  with  the  United  States; 

2.  All  cases  which  have  been  examined  and  allowed  by  the  Indian 
Department; 

3.  Also,  all  cases  authorized  to  be  examined  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  under  the  act  of  March  3,  1885  (23  Stat.,  370),  and  subsequent 
acts. 

By  the  second  section  all  questions  of  limitations,  as  to  time  and 
manner  of  presenting  claims,  are  waived,  and  no  claim  is  to  be  excluded 
because  not  heretofore  presented  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  or 
other  officer  or  Department  of  the  Government.  But  no  claim  accruing 
lirior  to  July  1,  18G5,  "shall  be  considered  by  the  court  unless  the 
same  shall  be  allowed,  or  has  been  or  is  pending,  prior  to  the  passage 
of  the  act,  before  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  Congress,  or  some 
officer  authorized  to  inquire  into  such  claims." 

JudgDients  are  to  be  rendered  for  all  claims  examined  and  allowed 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of 


572     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

Marcli  3,  1885,  unless  claimaut  or  the  United  States  elect  to  reopen 
and  try  tlie  case  before  tlie  court. 

The  court  shall  determine  the  value  of  the  property  taken  or  destroyed, 
''and,  if  possible,  the  tribe  of  Indians  or  other  persons  by  whom  the 
wrong  was  committed,  and  shall  render  judgment  in  favor  of  the 
claimant  against  the  United  8tates,  and  against  the  tribe  of  Indians 
committing  the  wrong,  ivJicn  such  can  he  identified^ 

Judgments  rendered  against  any  tribe  of  Indians  shall  be  deducted 
and  paid — 

First,  from  the  annuities  due  said  tribe. 

Second,  if  no  annuities  are  due,  then  from  other  funds  due  the  tribe 
arising  from  the  sale  oi  their  lands. 

Third,  if  no  such  funds  are  due  or  available,  then  from  any  appro- 
priation for  the  benefit  of  the  tribe  other  than  for  their  current  and 
necessary  support  and  education. 

Fourth.  If  no  such  annuicy,  fund,  or  appropriation  is  available,  then 
the  amount  of  the  judgment  shall  be  i)aid  from  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States  and  charged  against  annuity,  funds,  or  appropriation 
which  may  thereafter  become  due  from  the  United  States  to  such  tribe. 

The  Attorney-General  is  to  report  to  Congress  a  list  of  all  final  judg- 
ments against  the  United  States  which,  if  not  otherwise  paid,  are  to 
be  appropriated  for  out  of  the  Treasury. 

It  will  be  seen  by  this  sketch  of  the  legislation  on  the  subject  that 
the  experiment  of  "eventual  indemnification''  of  the  earlier  days  was 
reiHidiated  and  abandoned  in  1859.  Doubtless  Congress  was  induced 
to  take  this  action  by  the  increasing  number  of  claims  being  presented, 
notwithstanding  the  three  years'  limitation  against  them  established 
by  the  act  of  1834.  But  after  the  lapse  of  thirty  years  Congress  seems 
again  to  have  radically  changed  its  policy  on  this  subject,  striking 
down  the  barriers  of  limitations,  and  so  legislating  as  practically  to 
make  the  United  States  primarily  liable  for  most  of  the  alleged  depre- 
dations. 

The  judgment  is  to  be  rendered  "  against  the  United  States,  and 
against  the  tribe  of  Indians  committing  the  wrong,  when  such  can  be 
identified."  Thus,  whether  the  Indians  be  identified  or  not.  invaria- 
bl}'  the  judgment,  if  there  be  one,  is  to  go  against  the  United  States. 
How  often  will  it  be  possible  to  malie  this  identification?  Such  acts 
are  usually  committed,  not  by  tribes,  but  by  a  few  marauders,  by 
stealth,  under  cover  of  darkness,  or  under  circumstances  which  almost 
preclude  the  possibility  of  obtaining  such  evidence  as  would  be  suffi- 
cient to  enable  the  court  to  fix  the  liability. 

Under  the  law,  it  is  sufficient  for  the  claimant  to  show  that  the  act 
was  done  by  "Indians,"  without  troubling  himself  to  identify  them  as 
belonging  to  any  i)articular  tribe  or  band.  Why,  then,  should  he  put 
himself  to  that  trouble  when,  by  omitting  to  do  so,  the  United  States 
must  become  his  debtor  and  i)aymaster?    Already,  I  learn,  unofficially, 


REPOET    OF    THE    SECRETAllY    OF    THE    INTERIOR.  573 

that  jiulg-ments  liave  been  reudered  against  the  Uuited  States  wliere 
identification  of  the  tribe  was  not  satisfactorily  sliown. 

Certainly  the  claimant  is  in  no  way  benefited  by  producing  satis- 
factory evidence  on  this  point;  for  it  will  not  strengthen  his  case  to 
prove  the  loss  was  occasioned  by  any  particular  tribe,  if  he  prove  it  was 
done  by  "  Indians."  The  only  effect  of  such  proof  would  be  to  enable 
the  Government  ultimately  to  indemnify  itself  out  of  the  funds  of  the 
particular  tribe  after  the  judgment  is  paid,  which  is  primarily  entered 
against  it.  And  the  sense  of  patriotism,  or  of  justice  to  the  Govern- 
ment, is  hardly  strong  enough  among  the  class  who  represent  these 
claims  to  induce  them  to  do  more  than  is  necessary  for  their  own  per- 
sonal interests. 

But  apart  from  this  legal  question  the  effect  of  such  legislation,  if  it 
has  any  effect,  would  be  to  deprive  the  Indians,  in  many  instances,  of  a 
means  of  suiiport. 

Experience  has  taught  that  this  class  of  Indians  must  be  controlled 
and  furnished  with  means  of  support  or  else  exterminated,  for  with  the 
limitations  necessarily  imposed  upon  them  they  can  not  exist  under 
present  conditions  without  aid.  Should  the  appropriation  intended 
for  their  support  be  consumed  by  the  payment  of  depredation  claims, 
principles  of  economy  and  the  instincts  of  humanity  would  demand  a 
second  appropriation  to  meet  their  needs,  and  it  is  therefore  apparent 
that  under  the  existing  legislation  the  payment  of  these  claims  will 
eventually  devolve  upon  the  Government.  And  should  this  legisla- 
tion remain  upon  the  statute  books,  with  the  facilities  it  affords  for 
depleting  the  l^atioual  Treasury,  it  is  not  an  exaggeration  to  say  that 
the  claims  would  easily  absorb  many  millions  of  dollars. 

Should  the  Treasury  be  subjected  to  this  strain?  This  is  the  ques- 
tion submitted. 

Election  Troubles  in  the  Choctaw  Nation. — The  domestic 
strife  which  has  existed  for  the  past  twelve  months  in  the  Choctaw 
Nation  has  been  so  serious  that  the  public  have  heard  from  it  frequently 
through  the  i^ress.  The  Choctaws  have  long  been  considered  one  of  the 
most  conservative  and  quiet  of  the  Indian  nations,  but  the  bitterness 
engendered  during  the  campaign  for  the  election  of  Principal  Chief, 
held  during  the  month  of  August,  1892,  grew  so  intense  that  a  civil 
war  has  been  i^revented  only  by  the  interference  of  the  United  States 
and  the  presence  of  troops.  It  is  needless  to  determine  which  side 
is  in  the  right.  Wilson  N.  Jones  was  declared  elected  by  the  duly 
constituted  authorities.  The  friends  of  his  opponent,  Jacob  B.  Jack- 
son, were  charged  with  committing  many  outrages. 

The  effort  of  the  Choctaw  government  to  apprehend  and  to  punish  these 
men,  allot  whom  were  members  of  the  Jackson  party,  and  the  methods 
adoiDted  to  accouix)lish  this  end  produced  the  intense  state  of  excite- 
ment which  caused  the  Jackson  men  to  rise  in  arms,  ancT  Governor 
Jones  to  call  out  liis  militia  for  the  purpose  of  suppressing  them.     The 


574     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

men  under  arms  were  induced  to  return  to  tlieir  homes  and  the  militia 
were  disbanded.  On  the  17th  of  June,  nine  men  charged  with  nuirder, 
who  had  surrendered  to  tlie  authorities  in  September,  1892,  were  con- 
victed and  sentenced  to  be  shot.  It  was  believed  by  the  Department 
that  the  execution  of  these  men  would  serve  to  intensify  the  bitterness 
and  i)roduce  another  uprising,  it  being  claimed  by  the  friends  of  the 
men  that  it  was  impossible  for  them  to  obtain  a  fair  trial  in  the  courts 
controlled  by  the  opi)osing  faction. 

Tlie  treaty  between  the  Choctaw  Nation  and  the  United  States  pro- 
vides that  the  United  States  shall  interfere  for  the  purpose  of  protect- 
ing the  Choctawsfrom  domestic  strife.  In  x)ursuance  of  the  obligation 
placed  upon  the  Department  by  this  provision  of  the  treaty,  an  Indian 
inspector  was  sent  to  confer  with  Governor  Jones  and  to  advise  all 
reasonable  clemency  on  the  piirt  of  the  Choctaw  government  towards 
the  men  sentenced  to  be  shot.  So  far  the  suggestions  of  the  Depart- 
ment have  been  followed  and  the  convicted  men  have  been  granted  new 
trials.  A  willingness  has  been  expressed  by  those  in  authority  to  have 
these  cases  transferred  for  trial  to  the  United  States  court.  A  bill  is 
now  pending  before  Congress  extending  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United 
States  court  in  the  Indian  Territory  so  as  to  include  the  right  of  removal 
of  all  cases,  wliere  local  prejudice  is  shown,  without  regard  to  the  citizen- 
ship of  the  parties.    I  recommend  the  promi)t  j)assageof  such  legislation. 

Chippewa  and  Munsee  Indians  in  Kansas. — Eecommendation  is 
renewed  that  Congress  be  asked  to  grant  authority  to  issue  patents  in 
fee  to  the  allottees  of  the  several  tracts,  or  to  those  assigns  whose  con- 
veyances have  been  approved  by  the  Department,  and  that  such  lands 
as  are  vacant  or  abandoned,  including  their  school  and  mission  lands 
and  the  tract  on  which  the  school  house  was  located,  be  appraised  and 
sold  by  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office,  the  net  pro- 
ceeds arising  from  the  sale  to  be  funded  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  those 
members  of  said  tribes  born  since  the  allotments  were  made  or  who 
have  never  received  an  allotment. 

Eastern  Band  of  Cheeokees  in  JSTgrth  Carolina. — The  suit 
instituted  by  the  Attorney-General  some  years  since  in  the  United 
States  circuit  court  for  the  western  district  of  Korth  Carolina  to  estab- 
lish a  clear  title  to  the  lands  in  that  State  claimed  by  the  Eastern 
Cherokees  has  been  postponed  till  another  term  of  the  court. 

Northern  Cheyennes  in  Montana. — There  is  an  unsettled  con- 
dition of  affairs  among  the  Northern  Cheyennes  in  Montana,  owing  to 
the  encroachments  by  white  settlers  upon  their  reservation,  and  also 
upon  certain  nonreservation  lands  long  claimed  and  occupied  by  that 
tribe.  The  Commissioner  rcconnnends  that  Congress  should  enact  such 
legislation  as  will  put  the  Indians  in  i)ossession  of  their  entire  reserva- 
tion, and  authorize  the  purchase  of  the  lands  of  those  settlers  who  have 
acquired  wghts  thereon  prior  to  its  establishment  by  Executive  order 
on  October  1, 1884,  and  the  removal  of  all  other  wjiite  settlers  therefrom, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     575 

and  acliange  of  the  eastern  boundary  line  so  as  to  enlarge  the  reserva- 
tion. 

A  bill  to  this  effect  was  introduced  into  tlie  Senate  at  the  last  Con- 
gress, but  it  was  not  i^assed. 

The  Southern  Utes. — Want  of  action  upon  the  agreement  con- 
cluded with  the  Southern  Utes  November  13,  1888,  has  had  an  unfavor- 
able effect  upon  the  Indians,  prevents  the  work  of  allotment,  and 
creates  a  general  disinclination  to  agricultural  i)ursuits  or  home-mak- 
ing except  of  the  most  temporary  character. 

PENSIONS. 

Pension  Eoll. — By  the  report  of  tha  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  it 
appears  there  were  on  June  30,  1893,  9GG,012  pensioners  borne  upon  tlie 
rolls  of  the  18  pension  agencies,  being  89,911  more  than  were  carried 
on  the  rolls  at  the  close  of  the  last  fiscal  year.  These  pensioners  are 
classified  as  follows: 

AVidows  aud  daughters  of  Revolutionary  soldiers 17 

Army  invalid  iicusiouers 360,  G58 

Army  Tvjdows,  miuor  cbildrcu,  etc 107,  G22 

Navy  invalid  pensioners 4,  782 

Navy  vridows,  minor  childreu,  etc 2,  583 

Survivors  of  the  war  of  1812 8G 

AVidows  of  soldiers  of  the  war  of  1812 5,  425 

Survivors  of  the  Mexican  war 14, 149 

Widows  of  soldiers  of  the  Mexican  war 7,  369 

Survivors  of  Indian  wars  (1832  to  1842) 2,  544 

AVidows  of  survivors  of  Indian  wars  (1832  to  1842) 1,  338 

Army  nurses 284 

Actof  June  27, 1890: 

Army  invalid  pensioners 365,  084 

Army  widows,  minor  children,  etc 77,  838 

Navy  invalid  pensioners 12, 119 

Navy  widows,  minor  children,  etc 4, 114 

The  total  amount  expended  for  pensions  during  the  fiscal  year  was 
$156,740,467.14. 

The  amount  due  5,901  pensioners  June  30,  1893,  who  were  not  paid 
for  want  of  time,  and  who  Avere  to  be  paid  out  of  the  funds  appropriated 
for  the  fiscal  year  1894,  is  $1,309,945.29. 

The  Commissioner  estimates  that  the  appropriation  of  $165,000,000 
for  the  fiscal  year  1894,  will  be  ample.  It  is  almost  certain  that  se\"eral 
millions  wall  be  turned  back  into  the  Treasury. 

The  estimates  for  the  fiscal  year  1895,  $160,000,000,  have  already 
been  submitted. 

Pension  Laavs. — The  Commissioner  recommends  a  codification  of 
the  pension  laws,  with  such  slight  changes  as  will  make  them  harmo- 
nious. At  present  they  consist  of  many  separate  acts,  framed  with 
little  reference  to  each  other,  and  often  giving  rise  to  i)erplexing  ques- 
tions in  the  settlement  of  claims  for  accrued  pensions,  etc. 


57G      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

Work  of  the  Bureau. — Precedence  is  no  longer  given  in  tlie 
Bnrcau  to  cases  nnder  tlie  act  of  June  27,  1890,  but  claims  for  pension 
under  the  prior  laws,  for  disabilities  of  service  origin,  are  now  adjudi- 
cated in  tlieir  order,  where  the  evidence  is  comx)lete.  So  far  from  hold- 
ing back  this  class  of  claims,  I  agree  with  the  Commissioner  that  they 
should  have  precedence  as  being  older  and  more  meritorious. 

Special  Examination  Division. — An  intelligent  cori:)s  of  special 
examiners  is  of  the  highest  importance,  not  only  for  the  discovery  and 
prevention  of  frauds,  in  which  they  annually  save  the  Government 
many  times  the  amount  of  the  expense  incurred,  but  for  the  discovery 
and  bringing  to  light  evidence  which  will  aid  honest  and  deserving 
claimants  in  establishing  their  claims.  Their  sole  duty  and  aim  is  to 
get  at  the  real  facts  of  every  case  examined;  and  all  examinations  of 
witnesses  relative  to  particular  claims  are  made  after  notice  to  the 
claimants,  who  may  participate  therein,  and  may  themselves  procure 
Avitnesses  for  examination. 

The  work  of  this  division  has  largely  increased,  and  its  force  should 
be  augmented.  An  additional  appropriation  of  $300,000  has  been  asked 
for  the  present  fiscal  year  for  the  per  diem  and  expenses  of  special 
examiners. 

Law  Division. — The  Law  Division  is  charged  with,  very  imporant 
duties,  including  all  matters  ^relating  to  the  standing  and  conduct  of 
attorneys  and  claim  agents  and  their  fees;  all  questions  of  law  arising 
in  the  Bureau,  and  upon  appeals  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  and 
all  cases  of  fraud  or  improper  practices  brought  to  light  by  the  special 
exafniners,  or  otherwise.  The  chief  of  the  Law  Division  and  his  prin- 
cipal assistants  are  men  of  superior  ability  and  attainments,  and  are 
well  deserving  of  higher  compensation  than  they  are  now  receiving. 
It  seems  but  just  that  they  should  have  salaries  corresponding  with 
those  of  the  principal  officers  of  the  Medical  Division. 

Certificate  Division. — Certificates  issued  during  the  fiscal  year: 

The  total  unmber  of  certificates  issued 192,188 

Tlae  aggregate  of  jiersons  added  to  the  rolls 123,634 

The  total  number  dropped  from  all  causes 33,600 

First  payments  were  made  upon  184,404  claims,  amounting  to  $33,- 
750,549.38. 

First  payments  were  made  upon  127,980  original  claims,  amounting 
to  $20,815,008.89. 

First  payments  upon  old  law  increase  claims,  and  additional  claims 
under  the  act  of  June  27, 1890,  amounted  to  $4,081,284.70. 

The  average  value  of  all  original  payments  during  the  year  was 
$209.52.    Average  of  same  under  act  of  June  27,  1890,  was  $170.30. 

The  average  annual  sum  paid  to  the  900,012  pensioners  on  the  rolls 
was  $130,510,179.34,  and  the  average  annual  value  of  each  pension  was 
$135.10.  There  remained  at  the  close  ojf  the  year,  in  the  hands  of 
agents  and  in  the  Treasury,  an  unexpended  balance  of  the  appropria- 
tion, $2,437,371.40. 


REPOKT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     577 

During  the  past  five  fiscal  years  certificates  have  been  issued  as 
follows : 


1888 113,173 

1889 1 15, 298 

1890 151,  658 


1891 250,  565 

1892 311,  589 

1893 192, 188 


Land  Warrants. — During  the  year  there  were  issued  11  bounty- 
land  warrants;  298  claims  for  land  warrants  were  rejected,  and  113 
such  claims  were  pending  at  the  close  of  the  year. 

SuRYiYORS  AND  WIDOWS  OF  F0R3IER  WARS. — Fifteen  widows  and 
two  daughters  of  veterans  of  the  Eevolution  constitute  the  pension  roll 
of  that  Avar.  Eighty- six  survivors  of  the  Avar  of  1812  constitute  the 
remnant  of  that  list. 

The  Annual  Value  of  the  Dropped-Pensioners'  Eoll. — The 
annual  value  of  the  33,G90  pensioners  dropped  from  the  roll  was 
$4,878,146.21. 

Pension  Frauds. — The  report  of  the  Commissioner  calls  attention 
to  the  fact  that  wholesale  frauds  were  discovered  by  the  work  of  intel- 
ligent special  examiners  at  ]Srorfolk,  Va.,  and  in  ISTew  Mexico  and  Iowa. 
In  the  first  two  instances  mentioned,  hundreds  of  fraudulent  pension 
claims  had  been  allowed  by  the  Bureau  uj)on  testimony  manufactured 
and  forged  by  the  claim  agents,  and  other  hundreds  of  like  claims  from 
the  same  claim  agents  were  x^ending  in  the  Bureau. 

In  the  Iowa  case,  the  claim  agent  had  secured  control  of  several  local 
medicalboards.  This  was  usually  accomplished  through  insidious  meth- 
ods, as  by  having  the  claimant,  a  brief  time  before  examination,  go  to 
the  member  of  the  board  for  prescrij)tlon  or  treatment,  i^aying  his  fee  and 
repeating  this  practice  so  often  that  the  surgeon  could  not  fail  to  under- 
stand that  the  real  object  was  to  giA^e  him  additional  pay  from  the 
claimant  to  induce  a  high  rating  for  his  client.  The  Commissioner 
promptly  dismissed  the  examining  boards,  and  the  agents  and  some  of 
the  examining  surgeons  are  now  being  iirosecuted. 

The  stoppage  of  payment  of  illegal  pensions  in  these  three  places  alone 
has  saA'ed  the  Government  an  amount  annually  nearly  equal  to  the  ex- 
Ijense  of  the  entire  force  of  special  examiners.  When  it  is  remembered 
that  this  work  of  the  examiners  has  been  in  progress  for  but  six  months, 
and  that  the  payment  of  the  pensions  would  have  continued  for  an  aA^er- 
age  of  nearly  twenty  years,  the  immense  saving  to  the  Government  can 
be  realized. 

Besides,  these  pensions  were  being  obtained  through  fraud,  and  how 
can  public  money  be  better  spent  than  to  prevent  dishonesty  ? 

Act  of  June  27,  1890. — Under  this  act,  aside  from  the  requisite 
services  and  honorable  discharge,  there  is  but  one  condition  that  can 
give  a  right  to  pension,  viz: 

A  mental  or  physical  disability  of  a  permanent  cliaraotcr,  not  the  result  of  their 
own  vicious  hahits,  which  incapacitates  from  the  i^erformance  of  manual  labor  in 
euch  a  degree  as  to  render  them  unable  to  earn  a  suj)port. 

Ab.  93 37 


578     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

On  the  15tk  day  of  Octobeiv  1890,  Order  164  was  issued  by  the  Oom- 
missioiier,  witli  tlie  approval  of  the  Assistant  Secretary.  It  directed 
that  specific  disabilities  should  be  rated  under  the  act  of  June  27, 1890, 
as  they  would  have  been  rated  under  the  schedules  then  in  force  for 
disabilities  of  service  origin,  up  to  $12  j)er  month.  The  medical  ref- 
eree stated  in  answer  to  an  inquiry  that  under  this  order  the  capacity 
of  claimants  to  perform  manual  labor  was  not  considered  in  adjudi- 
cating their  claims. 

On  January  7,  1893,  Assistant  Secretary  Bussey,  in  the  application 
of  Henry  W.  Weike  for  pension,  officially  construed  the  act  of  June 
27, 1890,  and  held  that  to  entitle  the  applicant  to  pension  the  disability 
must  be  of  a  character  to  incapacitate  from  the  performance  of  manual 
labor  in  such  a  degree  as  to  produce  inability  to  earn  a  support.  While 
this  was  the  clear  language  of  the  act  of  Congress,  Order  164  had 
caused  its  erroneous  disregard  by  the  Pension  Bureau.  A  copy  of  the 
decision  in  the  Weike  case  will  be  found  in  the  appendix. 

On  May  27,  1893,  in  the  Bennett  case,  this  question  was  again 
before  the  Secretary's  office.  The  decision  in  the  Weike  case  was 
affirmed,  and  the  Commissioner  was  directed  to  have  an  examination 
made  to  determine  what  pensions  had  theretofore  been  allowed  under  the 
second  section  of  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  in  disregard  of  the  terms 
of  said  act,  and  in  conflict  Avith  the  ruling  of  the  Department  in  the 
case  of  Charles  T.  Bennett.  A  copy  of  the  decision  in  the  Bennett 
case,  and  the  order  setting  aside  Order  164,  will  be  found  in  the  ap- 
pendix. 

In  pursuance  of  this  order,  a  board  of  revision  was  formed  of  the  ablest 
and  most  experienced  men  in  the  Pension  Bureau,  with  instructions  to 
examine  the  cases  allowed  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  and  to  cull 
out  such  as  had  no  legal  basis  to  rest  upon.  In  cases  where  it  was 
believed  that  the  xiensions  could  not  be  sustained,  and  another  medi- 
cal examination  was  thought  necessar}^,  the  payment  of  the  i)eusions 
was  ordered  to  be  suspended  pending  investigation.  This  was  done 
by  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  in  pursuance  of  the  uniform  prac- 
tice of  the  Bureau  as  it  had  existed  almost  from  the  organization 
thereof. 

The  i^ensioner  was  not  dropped  from  the  rolls,  but  j)ayment  of  his 
pension  was  suspended,  and  the  usual  sixty  days  notice  was  given  to  the 
pensioner  in  which  he  could  ask  for  a  medical  examination,  or  supply 
further  evidence  of  his  right  to  a  pension.  The  examination  of  his 
I)roof  having  disclosed  that  he  was  not  entitled  to  a  pension,  he  was 
told  that  the  payment  of  his  pension  was  suspended  until  he  could  put 
on  record  a  case  which  would  authorize  payment  according  to  the  terms 
of  the  act  of  Congress. 

It  was  found  that  many  thus  suspended  were  able  to  supjdy  the  proof, 
when  notice  was  given  that  proof  was  required  j  and  to  these, -payment 
was  at  once  resumed.    The  former  practice  in  regard  to  suspensions 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


579 


was  also  modiiied  iu  cases  where  tlie  proof  on  file  disclosed  the  fact  that 
the  iiensioner  was  entitled  to  some  rating,  although  not  to  the  rating 
which  had  been  allowed  hiin.  A  copy  of  this  order  will  be  found  in  the 
appendix. 

Board  of  Pension  Appeals. — The  work  of  this  board  comes  under 
the  immediate  supervision  of  the  Assistant  Secretary.  Its  duties 
involve  the  investigation  of  such  cases  as  are  appealed  from  the  decis- 
ions of  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions.  While,  theoretically,  the  Sec- 
retary passes  upon  all  these  applications  for  review,  for  years  it  has 
been  impracticable  for  him  even  to  read  and  sign  the  decisions.  They 
are  prepared  by  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Pension  Appeals,  and  with 
the  exception  of  cases  involving  some  new  principle  of  importance,  are 
approved  and  returned  to  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  by  the  Assist- 
ant Secretary. 

A  full  presentation  of  the  work  of  the  Board  of  Pension  Appeals 
will  be  found  in  the  report  of  the  Assistant  Secretary  contained  in  the 
appendix. 

THE    PATENT   OFFICE. 

The  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Patents  upon  the  business  of  the 
Patent  Office  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1893,  shows  that,  includ- 
ing api)lications  for  patents  for  inventions,  for  designs,  reissue  patents, 
for  registration  of  trademarks,  labels,  and  prints,  and  for  caveats,  the 
total  number  of  applications  received  was  45,938;  number  of  patents 
granted,  23,471;  trademarks  and  prints  registered,  1,885;  patents  with- 
held for  nonpayment  of  final  fee,  3,079;  letters  patent  expired,  13,072. 

The  total  receipts  were  $1,288,809.07  and  the  expenditures  $1,111,- 
444.22,  leaving  a  surplus  of  $177,304.85  to  be  turned  into  the  Treasury 
and  increasing  to  $4,279,805.94  the  amount  in  the  Treasury  to  the  credit 
of  the  patent  fund. 

Comparative  siatevxent. 


Receipts. 


Expenditures. 


Junee0,]889. 
Juno  30,1890. 
JuneSO,  18'Jl. 
Juno  30,1892. 
June  30, 180a. 


$1, 186, 557. 22 
1,347,203.21 
1,  302,  794.  59 
1,  208, 727.  35 
1.  288,  809. 07 


$999,  G97.  24 
1,081.173.56 
1, 145, 502. 90 
1, 114, 134.  23 
1,111,444.22 


Number  of  applicatious  for  patent.s,  including  reissues,  designs,  trade-marks,  labels, 
and  prints — 

JuueSO,  1889 39,702 

June  30, 1890 43,  810 

June  30, 1891 43,  G16 

June  30, 1892 43,  .514 

June  30, 1893 43,589 


580  P.ErORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 

Applications  awaiting  action  on  tlie  part  of  the  office — 

July  1,1889 7,073 

July  1,  1890 6,  585 

July  1,  1891 8, 911 

J aly  1,  1892 9,  447 

July  1,  1893 8,  283 

The  Gonimissioiier  states  that,  Avhile  impressed  with  the  necessity  of 
strict  economy  in  the  administration  of  his  office,  he  has  found  that 
the  i)roper  development  of  the  patent  system  demands  two  important 
additions  to  the  resources  of  the  office,  in  order  to  properly  assist  the 
applicant  to  secure  his  patent  and  to  serve  the  public  by  preventing  the 
issue  of  duplicate  or  otherwise  invalid  patents. 

In  the  interest  of  applicants  he  proposes  to  establish  a  classification 
division  for  the  purpose  of  philosophically  classifying  the  533,077 
patents  already  issued,  together  with  the  eutire  mass  of  foreign  patents 
and  ijriuted  publications  constituting  the  field  of  search  in  the  case  of 
every  application  for  i^atent,  and*  he  recommends  that  the  following 
force  be  provided  for  this  work:  One  chief  of  division,  at  $2,750  per 
annum;  2  first  assistant  examiners,  at  $1,800  each;  2  second  assistant 
examiners,  at  $1,000  each;  3  third  assistant  examiners,  at  $1,400  each; 
36  fourth  assistants,  at  $1,200  each;  4  clerks,  2  at  $1,200  and 2  at  $1,000 
each;  2  copyists,  at  $900  each;  and  2  assistant  messengers,  at  $720 
each.  Incident  to  the  proper  inauguration  of  this  policy,  he  also 
recommends  the  increasing  of  the  appropriation  for  the  scientific  library 
to  $10,000. 

The  Commissioner  further  proposes  in  the  interest  of  the  public  to 
provide  a  systematic  method  of  examination  of  industries  to  which 
patents  pertain  as  they  actually  exist  in  the  country  at  large.  Patents 
now  go  to  issue  upon  the  result  of  searches  among  books  and  docu- 
ments, and  the  disparity  is  often  wide  between  industries  as  there 
exhibited  and  as  actually  conducted  in  factories  and  in  commerce.  To 
carry  this  policy  into  effect  it  is  necessary  that  some  part  of  the  examin- 
ing force  be  detailed  temporarily  to  acquaint  themselves  in  a  i)racti- 
cal  way  with  the  industries  to  which  the  woi'k  of  their  respective 
divisions  relates,  and  an  appropriation  for  this  purpose  of  $1,250  is 
recommended. 

An  appropriation  of  $750  is  also  urged  as  necessary  to  provide  for 
the  transportation  of  patents  and  publications  to  foreign  countries  and 
to  permit  of  the  acceptance  of  foreign  exchanges;  the  declination  of 
valuable  exchanges  often  becomes  necessary,  owing  to  lack  of  funds  to 
pay  for  the  transportation  of  the  same. 

The  increase  of  the  issue  of  the  Ofiicial  Gazette  of  the  Patent  Office 
is  suggested,  in  order  that  it  be  furnished  free  to  small  libraries  other 
than  j)ublic  libraries,  when  they  arc  accessible  to  mechanics,  inventors, 
or  students.  The  present  law,  act  of  May  18,  1872  (17  Stat.,  131),  re- 
quires that  the  libraries  should  be  free  in  order  to  have  the  Gazette 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     581 

free,  and  tliis  excludes  nearly  all  maintained  by  associations,  trades, 
and  business  establislimeiits  for  the  benefit  of  those  connected  with 
them.    The  necessity  for  the  amendment  of  the  law  is  ax)parent. 

Attention  is  called  to  the  fact,  of  which  mention  has  been  made  in 
previous  reports,  that  there  are  seventy-six  copyists  in  the  Patent  Office 
receiving  a  salary  of  but  $720  per  annum,  whereas  the  lowest  salary 
paid  copyists  iu  the  other  bureaus  of  the  Department  is  $900.  It  is 
submitted  that  such  discrimination  is  unjust  and  unwise,  and  has  the 
effect  of  causing  the  loss,  from  time  to  time,  of  trained  employes,  who 
seek  transfers  to  other  bureaus  in  which,  for  the  same  service,  they  will 
receive  $900. 

The  Commissioner  adverts  to  the  overcrowded  and  congested  con- 
dition of  the  office  as  an  obstacle  to  the  transaction  of  public  business, 
repeatedly  brought  to  the  attention  of  Congress  by  his  predecessors, 
and  concludes  that — 

With  the  growth  of  the  office  it  is  worse  to-day  than  ever  before  in  the  history  of 
the  system.  The  crowding  of  the  employes  and  the  defects  of  ventilation,  light, 
and  heat  are  such  as  are  not  tolerated  in  private  business  establishments  and  would 
not  be  permitted  by  any  factory  inspector  in  a  State  having  factory  laws.  In  my 
judgment  it  is  not  only  a  public  loss,  but  a  daily  Avrong  to  the  employ<58  of  the 
Government.  It  will  never  be  righted,  nor  can  the  public  business  be  transacted 
with  reasonable  dispatch,  until  this  Bureau  is  accorded  the  exclusive  occupancy  of 
the  Patent  Office  or  until  a  new  and  commodious  Pat^t  Office  building  is  authorized 
and  built. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  additional  buildings  must  be  constructed 
for  the  Department  of  the  Interior.  The  Patent  Office  should  occupy 
alone  the  building  erected  for  it,  while  the  other  bureaus,  with  the 
exception  of  the  Pension  Bureau,  should  be  provided  with  suitable  per- 
manent quarters. 

CENSUS. 

The  Census  had  already  been  in  progress  for  so  long  a  time  when, 
during  the  month  of  March,  it  came  under  the  control  of  the  present 
administration  that,  at  first,  it  was  deemed  wise  to  leave  its  conclusion 
to  the  former  Management.  On  the  31st  of  July  Mr.  Porter  resigned 
the  office  of  Superintendent  of  the  Census,  and  presented  a  report 
showing  that  during  the  year  the  following  volumes  of  the  final  report 
had  been  published,  and  the  first  two  distributed:  "Mineral  Eesources 
of  the  United  States,"  and  "  Wealth,  Debt,  and  Taxation— Part  I :  Public 
Indebtedness." 


>82 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


His  report  also  showed  tlie  coudition  of  the  census  on  July  31,  by 
the  following  table: 


Titles. 

Number  of  pages. 

Total. 

In  type. 

Plated. 

Mineral  Indus  trios 

874 
902 
294 
886 
5G0 
768 
791 
.328 
637 

874 

AVcallh,  Debt,  and  Taxation 

902 

Alaska 

''94 

127 
108 
294 
242 
328 
347 

7.=59 
450 

Insurance 

474 
549 

Manufactures 

Crime.  Pauperism,  and.  Benevolence 

290 

Chnrches 

Poimlation 

541 

541 

Fish  and  Fislieries 

Education 

Agriculture 

Farms,  Homes,  and  Mortgages 

Compendium,  Part  I 

1,098 
754 

■ 

1,098 

ROR 

1<1« 

1 

Total  

8  433          9.  ia>;  1         a  90s 

Financial  Eeport. — The  total  disbursements  on  account  of  the 
Eleventh  Census,  up  to  and  including  July  31,  1893,  amounted  to 
$9,408,582.81,  i>aid  from  appropriations,  as  follows: 

Expenses  Eleven fcli  Census $7,  719,  903. 59 

Farms,  homes,  and  mortgages* 1,  151, 157. 12 

Printing,  engraving,  and  binding 597,  522. 10 

Total 9,468,582.81 

Grand  total  of  pay  rolls  to  July  31,  1893 4,146,565.00 

Prior  to  the  filing  of  this  report,  I  had  been  led  to  believe  that  the 
Census  was  rapidly  approaching  completion,  and  that  it  would  be 
finished  within  the  time  prescribed  by  the  act  of  Congress,  namely? 
December  31,  1893;  but  a  conference  of  the  chiefs  of  the  various 
divisions  satisfied  me  that  a  radical  change  was  necessary  to  improve 
the  work  of  the  Census,  and  to  bring  it  to  a  completion.  After  careful 
consideration,  and  conference  with  the  best  statisticians  of  the  country, 
it  was  determined  that  the  services  of  Mr.  Carroll  D.  Wright  should  be 
secured  to  close  the  work.  Congress  promptly  authoriifed  his  assign- 
ment, while  filling  the  office  of  Commissioner  of  Labor,  to  perform  the 
additional  duties  of  Superintendent  of  the  Census,  and  he  was  so 
appointed.  Congress  also  extended  the  time  for  the  completion  of  the 
Census  to  July  1,  1894. 

I  now  feel  all  confidence  that  every  effort  is  being  conscientiously 
made  to  bring  the  Census  to  a  close,  and  to  render  it  as  useful  as  possi- 
ble when  finished. 

A  recent  report  from  the  Commissioner  of  Labor  in  charge  shows  the 
following  summary  of  work  in  the  Census  Office  from  August  1  to 
October  31,  1893: 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.      583 

Summarij  of  work  in  Census  Office,  August  1  to  October  SI,  1S93. 

ADMINISTKATIOX. 
Employes : 

Number  on  clerical  roll  August  1,  1893 1,  050 

Dismissed,  resigned,  and  died 187 

Appointed  and  reinstated 

.     Total  October  31,  1893 

Special  agents  on  roll  August  1,  1893 34 

Transferred  to  clerical  roll,  dismissed,  and  resigned 17 

Total  October  31,  1893 

Total  number  of  emiiloycs  October  31,  1893 

^I^"A^'CIAL  statement. 

Balance  to  credit  of  appropriations  August  1,  1893: 

Expenses  Eleventh  Census $461,  246.  45 

Farms,  bomes,  and  mortgages 179,  369.  97 

Printing  and  binding 2.  597.  80 

'■ $643,  214. 22 

Disbursements  August  1  to  November  4,  1893 : 

Expenses  Eleventh  Census 210,  040.  58 

Farms,  homes,  and  mortgages 25,  676.  55 

Printing  and  binding 1,  098.  79 

236,815.92 

Balance  to  credit  of  ajipropriations  November  5,  1893: 

Exi)enses  Eleventh  Census 251,  205. 87 

Farms,  homes,  and  mortgages 153,  69^.  42 

Printing  and  binding 1,  499.  01 


863 
122 

985 


17 

1,002 


406,  398.  30 

Number  of  Pages  in  Proof. — The  exact  progress  of  the  work  from 
July  31  to  October  31 — three  months — is  best  represented  by  bringing 
the  pages  of  plated  proof  at  the  two  dates  into  direct  comparison,  as 
shown  in  the  following  statement,  the  additional  number  of  images  pre- 
sented to  plate  proof  during  the  period  being  1,805: 

Census  reports  and  compendium. 


Niunber  of  pages  plated. 

Report  on- 

August  1. 

^hlvT    I'^^^ease. 

Total  increase 

1,805 

Complete. 
Com2)lete. 

Wealth,  debt,  and  taxation,  I 

1 

Wealtl),  debt,  and  taxation,  II 

1 

Conii)lete. 
759 
452 
549 
474 

( 

759 

Transportation 

452 
644 

95 
294 

7G8 

Manufactures 

290 

8(59 

Social  statistics 

Population 

539 

539 

Fish  and  fisheries 

150 

150 

Agriculture 

Farms,  liomcs,  and  mortn'ages 

Compendium,  I 

Complete. 
006 

754' 

Compendium,  II 

148 

584     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

The  Completion  of  the  Census.— A  careful  examination  of  all 
tbe  work  contemplated  by  the  act  providing  for  the  Eleventh  Census 
warrants  the  statement  that  nearly  all,  if  not  all,  the  principal,  reports 
called  for  can  be  put  into  the  hands  of  the  printer  before  the  expira- 
tion of  the  present  limit;  that  is,  June  30, 1894.  More  than  half  of  the 
reports  will  be  completed  some  months  prior  to  that  date.  The  rei)ort 
on  Population  and  that  on  Farms,  Homes,  and  Mortgages  may  be 
delayedbej'ond  the  limit.  Changes  made  in  the  report  on  IM  anufactures 
will  undoubtedly  enable  the  office  to  complete  that  part  of  its  work 
late  in  the  spring  of  1894. 

All  text  of  forthcoming  reports  will  be  limited  to  the  analyses  of  the 
statistics  presented,  with  proper  comparisons  of  the  past  with  the 
present.  While  this  will  not  shorten  the  time  much,  it  will  condense 
the  reports  to  statistical  bases  and  is  in  line  with  the  oft-repeated  policy 
of  the  Census  Office,  that  the  Eleventh  Census  should  be  purely  a  sta- 
tistical census. 

An  effort  is  being  made  to  bring  out  at  an  early  day  the  reports  on 
the  three  great  and  leading  divisions  of  the  census — population,  agri- 
culture, and  manufactures. 

The  Cost  of  Completing  the  Census. — The  present  force  is 
as  large  as  can  be  economically  employed.  As  the  census  draws  to 
a  close  the  highest  grade  of  clerical  service  is  required,  and  many 
clerks  who  were  perfectly  competent  during  the  cruder  parts  of  the 
tabulation,  now  prove  to  be  incompetent  when  the  best  arithmetical 
skill  is  required.  It  is  also  difficult  to  distribute  a  large  force  when  the 
final  tabulations  and  revisions  and  compilations  are  being  made,  but 
the  present  force  can  be  maintained  for  several  months. 

The  appropriation  now  available  will  allow  this  up  to  the  1st  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1891,  when  additional  appropriations  will  be  absolutely  necessary. 
For  the  clerical  work  of  the  census  a  new  appropriation,  something  less 
than  $400,000,  will  be  amjile  to  complete  it.  Specific  statciiients  can 
be  made  later  on,  and  which  will  show  more  clearly  the  exact  sum 
necessary. 

Extra  provision  will  have  to  be  made  for  the  printing  and  binding  of 
the  final  results  of  the  census.  It  will  also  be  necessary  to  provide  for 
the  binding  of  the  original  returns  of  the  Eleventh  Census.  The  cost 
of  binding  the  returns  of  the  Tenth  Census  was  about  82  per  volume. 
As  the  schedules  employed  in  1890  were  much  smaller  than  those  in 
1880,  the  cost  need  not  exceed  from  $1  to  81.25  i)er  volume,  but  the 
number  of  volumes  Avill  aggregate  nearly  18,000.  Provision  should  be 
made  at  an  early  date  for  binding  this  number  of  volumes  of  original 
returns. 

In  all  probability,  therefore,  the  completion  of  the  Eleventh  Census 
will  require,  in  round  numbers,  further  appropriations  to  the  extent  of 
$500,000.  Of  course,  should  Congress  order  large  numbers  of  any 
specific  reports,  especial  provision  will  be  made  for  printing  them. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     585 


GEOLOGICAL    SURVEY. 

The  money  appropriated  for  the  work  of  tlie  Geological  Survey  for 
the  fiscal  year  1892-'93  was  $376,000,  while  for  the  preceding  year  it 
was  $596,000.  This  reduction  of  $220,000,  or  about  37  per  cent,  necessi- 
tated extensive  reorganization  and  curtailment  of  work.  Such  reorgan- 
ization was  promptly  effected  after  the  passage  of  the  annual  appro- 
priation bill,  and  the  Bureau  adjusted  to  the  new  condition.  The 
adjustment  was  so  arranged  as  to  impair  the  efficiency  of  the  Bureau 
as  little  as  possible. 

Little  change  was  necessary  in  the  topographic  branch  of  the  work, 
and  the  snrveys  carried  on  as  in  former  years  yielded  91  manuscript 
atlas  sheets,  covering  20,000  square  miles,  situated  in  21  States  and 
Territories.  In  the  geologic  branch,  the  energies  of  the  force  were 
almost  wholly  given  to  completing  office  work  on  field  observations 
already  made  and  data  gathered.  This  resulted  in  the  completion  of  a 
large  number  of  geologic  atlas  sheets  ready  for  i)ublication,  and  in  the 
arrangement  of  a  large  amount  of  geologic  notes  ready  for  either  pub- 
lication or  for  permanent  preservation  in  the  archives  of  the  Survey. 

In  the  paleontologic  branch,  the  same  general  policy  was  pursued. 
Substantially  no  field  work  was  done,  and  the  work  of  such  paleontolo- 
gists as  were  retained  in  the  Survey  was  given  to  the  study  and 
arrangement  of  the  collections  and  material  ah^eady  gathered.  Work 
in  chemistry  was  coufiued  similarly  to  the  absolutely  essential  routine 
analyses  needful  in  connection  with  the  work  of  the  geologists.  The 
work  on  the  physical  characteristics  of  rocks  and  in  terrestrial  physics 
which  has  been  carried  on  almost  from  the  organization  of  the  Survey, 
and  which  has  yielded  many  interesting  and  valuable  results,  it  was 
fonnd  necessary  to  discontinue. 

In  the  accompanying  report  of  the  Director  of  the  Geological  Sur- 
vey, will  be  found  a  summary  of  the  work  done  and  the  results 
achieved  by  this  laboratory,  and  a  summary  of  the  work  accomx^lished 
by  the  j)aleontologic  branch,  showing  their  relations  to  the  other  work 
of  the  Survey  and  their  economic  importance  to  the  great  industries  of 
the  country. 

Tiie  value  to  scholars,  engineers,  miners,  and  to  commerce  of  the  work 
carried  on  by  tlie  Geological  Survey  is  attested  by  the  growing  demand 
for  its  maps,  memoirs,  and  reports,  and  by  the  increased  value  of  the 
mineral  product  of  the  country,  which  has  increased  at  a  much  higher 
rate  than  the  increase  in  j)opulation,  largely  aided,  it  is  believed,  by 
scientific  direction  and  official  research. 


586 


REPORT   OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 


BUREAU  OF  EDUCATION. 

The  Comiiiissioiier  of  Education  reports  that  he  gave  much  time 
during  the  past  year  to  the  work  of  i)reparation  for  the  international 
congresses  upon  education  held  at  Chicago  in  connection  with  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition.  This  work  consisted  in  collecting  by 
correspondence  and  from  documents  in  the  Bureau  the  names  of  many 
thousand  educationists  in  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  in  forwarding  to 
them  invitations  to  attend  the  congresses;  also  in  the  x)reparation  of  an 
elaborate  programme  of  topics  to  be  presented  by  papers  and  discussions. 
The  Commissioner  considers  these  educational  congresses  and  the 
educational  exhibits  at  the  World's  Fair  to  be  of  unusual  significance, 
in  view  of  the  changes  in  educational  systems  now  in  progress  through- 
out the  world.  He  has  provided  for  a  careful  study  and  report  of  the 
educational  exhibits. 

A  summary  of  the  work  of  the  Bureau  shows,  among  many  other 
items,  18,271  letters,  18,019  circulars,  and  27,525  statistical  forms  sent 
out,  and  125,395  documents  distributed;  8,959  home  and  foreign  jour- 
nals and  reviews  examined,  and  20,773  college  catalogues  assorted. 
The  educational  library  possesses  52,790  books  and  130,000  pamphlets. 

The  statistics  of  the  last  year  not  being  yet  available,  a  comparative 
showing  of  the  pupils,  teachers,  and  expenditures  of  the  public  schools 
of  tlie  United  States  for  three  x^rcvious  years  is  given,  as  follows : 


Tears. 


1889-'90 
1890-^91 
1891-'92 


Pupils 
enrolled. 


12, 722,  581 
13,048,282 
13,  203, 786 


Teachers. 


Total 


Male. 


125, 525 
123,  287 
121,  051 


Female.   e^P™*litures. 


238, 397 
245, 098 
374, 431 


$140, 506, 715 
148,738,251 
155,  982,  912 


Two  Annual  Eeports  and  eleven  other  documents,  aggregating  5,387 
printed  pages,  were  sent  within  the  year  to  the  Public  Printer  for  pub- 
lication. 

The  process  of  putting  in  operation  the  act  of  Congress  of  August 
30, 18D0,  in  aid  of  colleges  of  agriculture  and  the  mechanic  arts,  was 
completed  within  the  year,  and  all  the  States  and  Territories  coming 
within  the  purview  of  the  act  were  recommended  in  June  for  certifica- 
tion as  eutitU^d  to  the  installment  of  the  fund  for  the  next  fiscal  year. 
A  tabulation  of  the  financial  reports  of  the  presidents  of  the  institu- 
tions benefited  shows  among  other  items  the  amounts  received  by  each 
from  the  United  States  land  grant  of  18G2,  from  the  experiment-station 
act  of  1887,  and  from  the  additional  endowment  act  of  1890,  in  compar- 
ison with  the  amount  received  from  the  State  and  other  sources. 

The  administration  of  education  in  Alaska  has  been  as  successful  as 
could  be  expected  with  a  reduced  appropriation  (-§40,000  in  lieu  of 
$50,000  allowed  the  previous  year).    The  assistant  agent  was  sent  on  a 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.   -   587 

tour  of  iuspection  of  schools  tliroiigliout  southeastcru  Alaska,  wMle  the 
general  agent  prosecntetl  the  experiment  of  introdacing  domesticated 
reindeer  into  tlie  Arctic  regions,  for  wliicli  purpose  Congress  had  made 
an  appropriation  of  $0,000.  The  few  deer  ijlaced  at  Unalaska  and  the 
herd  of  175  at  Port  Clarence  (with  funds  subscribed  by  private  parties) 
Avqi;e  found  to  have  thriven  dm-iug  the  winter,  showing  an  increase  of 
79  fawns  and  only  11  deaths.  Port  Clarence  is  a  good  harbor  just 
south  of  Behring  Strait,  selected  as  the  reindeer  station  by  reason 
of  its  nearness  to  Siberia  (whence  the  animals  are  obtained),  its 
abundant  pasturnge,  and  its  convenience  as  a  distributing  point. 
Here  a  comfortable  house  was  built,  and  during  the  past  winter  a 
number  of  Alaskan  boys  were  instructed  in  the  care  and  manage- 
ment of  the  deer  by  two  Siberian  herders,  and  were  taught  in  school  by 
the  two  white  teachers,  who  also  served  as  superintendents  of  the 
station.  This  past  summer  127  additional  deer  were  imported,  and 
the  total  of  the  herd  is  now  345.  Great  hopes  are  based  on  this 
experiment  as  a  possible  plan  for  stocking  Arctic  Alaska  with  food, 
providing  means  of  transi)ortation,  and  furnishing  the  natives  a  con- 
siderable list  of  articles  of  commercial  value. 

By  reason  of  the  decrease  of  the  appropriation  for  education  in  Alaska, 
heavy  reductions  were  made  in  the  amounts  allowed  to  contract  mis- 
sion schools;  the  salaries  of  teachers  were  generally  reduced,  and  three 
j)ublic  schools  were  suspended  (those  at  Klawack,  Kake,  and  Karluk). 
The  still  greater  reduction  in  the  appropriation  for  the  current  year 
($30,000)  is  regretted.  A  reversal  of  this  policy  and  a  restoration  of 
the  annual  grant  to  $50,000,  the  amount  allowed  for  three  consecutive 
years,  is  strongly  urged  by  the  Commissioner. 

BUREAU  OF  RAILROADS. 

The  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Eailroads  contains  full  information 
respecting  the  condition  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893,  of  the 
several  railroad  companies  coming  under  the  jurisdiction  of  his  office. 

AUTHORITY  CONFERRED  BY  THE  ACT  OF  JUNE  19,  1878. 

The  Commissioner  exj)lains  the  functions  of  his  office,  under  the  act 
establishing  it,  and  calls  attention  to  the  neglect  of  certain  of  the  land- 
grant  railroad  companies  to  make  reports  in  accordance  with  the  pre- 
scribed forms. 

The  most  important  function  of  the  office  is  the  ascertainment  of  the 
amounts  due  the  Government  by  the  several  bond-aided  railroad  com- 
panies under  the  provisions  of  the  Thurmnn  act.  The  beneficiaries  under 
this  act  are  the  Union  Pacific,  Central  Pacific,  Western  Pacific,  Central 
Branch  Union  Pacific,  and  the  Sioux  City  and  Pacific  Railroad  com- 
panies. 


688     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

A  history  of  Pacific  railroad  legislation  is  given,  with  information 
concerning  the  issues  of  bonds  and  grants  of  land  to  the  railroad  com- 
panies whose  roads  are  in  Avhole  or  in  part  west,  north,  or  south  of  the 
Missouri  Eiver,  the  confluence  of  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  rivers 
being  fixed  as  the  dividing  line. 

Meaning  of  Net  Earnings. — The  most  important  question  iniiti- 
gation,  arising  under  the  Thurman  act,  i.  e.,  as  to  what  constituted 
"net  earnings"  within  the  meaning  of  the  law,  was  finally  held  by  the 
Supreme  Court  to  exclude  exjieuditures  for  new  construction  and  new 
equipment.     (99  U.  S.,  402.) 

Litigation  Pending. — The  suit  of  the  Union  Pacific  Eailway  Com- 
pany to  recover  amounts  collected  from  it  on  account  of  the  earnings 
from  the  bridge  across  the  Missouri  Eiver  between  Council  Bluffs  and 
Omaha,  is  pending  in  the  Court  of  Claims,  the  contention  of  the  com- 
pany being  that,  as  the  bridge  was  not  constructed  by  the  aid  of  bonds, 
it  is  not  subject  to  the  requirements  of  law  with  respect  to  the  payment 
of  a  percentage  of  net  earnings.  It  is  olso  contended  that  the  Govern- 
ment is  not  entitled  to  a  percentage  of  the  net  earnings  derived  from 
the  operation  of  its  Pullman  association  cars. 

In  assuming  the  contrary  the  Commissioner  is  sustained  by  the 
decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  United  States  i\  The  Union  Pacific 
Eailway  Comj)any  (99  U.  S.,  419),  wherein  the  court  held  the  net  earn- 
ings "must  be  regarded  as  embraeing  all  the  earnings  and  income 
derived  by  the  comi)any  from  the  railroad  proper,  and  all  the  appeiid- 
ages  and  appurtenances  thereof,  including  its  ferrj^  and  bridge  at 
Omaha,  its  cars  and  all  its  property  and  apparatus  legitimately  con- 
nected with  its  railroad."  Under  this  decision  the  net  earnings  from 
the  sources  mentione<l  have  been  included  in  the  amounts  found  due 
from  that  company. 

Condition  of  the  Properties. — The  Commissioner,  by  personal 
inspection,  found  the  condition  of  the  properties  of  the  Union  and 
Central  Pacific  railroad  companies  to  be  good.  The  books  and 
accounts  of  the  bond-aided  companies  were  examined  by  the  book- 
keeper and  the  amounts  due  the  United  States  carefully  ascertained. 
Full  statements  of  the  financial  condition  of  the  companies  are  con- 
tained in  the  report. 

Union  Pacific  Eailway  Company.— The  Union  Pacific  Eailway 
Company,  including  the  Kansas  division,  shows  an  increase  in  net 
earnings  over  the  previous  year  of  8058,184.19.  The  amount  found  due 
the  United  States  under  the  act  of  1SC4  (Kansas  division)  and  the 
act  of  1878  (Union  division)  was  $42,081.27  in  excess  of  the  previous 
year. 

Central  Pacific  Eailroad  Company.— The  net  earnings  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Eailroad  Company  for  1892  show  a  falling  off  of 
$570,019.89  as  compared  with  1891 ;  the  requirement  for  1892,  under  the 
act  of  1878,  being  $30,407.94  less  than  for  3891.  This  is  due  to  the 
decreased  earnings  of  the  aided  portion  of  the  road. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     589 

Sioux  City  and  Pacific  Railroad  Company. — By  reason  of  an 
increase  of  $100,825.22  in  the  amount  expended  for  new  equipment, 
tlie  net  earnings  of  the  Sioux  City  and  Pacific  Eailroad  Company 
were  reduced  to  $20,385.32,  which,  being  insufficient  to  pay  the  interest 
on  the  first  mortgage  bonds,  the  5  per  cent  of  net  earnings  under  the 
acts  of  1802  and  1SG4  are  not  due  the  United  States.  (United  States  v. 
Sioux  City  and  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  99  U.  S.,  492.)  One-half 
the  amount  of  Government  transportation  for  the  year,  however,  viz, 
$14,407.03,  is  due  the  United  States. 

Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company.— The  Cen- 
tral Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company  shows  an  increase  in  net 
earnings  over  1891  of  $107,745.50,  and  a  corresponding  increase  in  the 
amount  found  due  the  United  States,  under  the  acts  of  1802  and  1804, 
of  $13,330.79. 

Recommendations. — In  explaining  that  the  debts  of  the  companies 
are  steadily  increasing  under  the  operation  of  law,  the  Commissioner 
calls  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  Thurman  Act  is  applicable  only  to 
two  of  the  bond-aided  roads,  instead  of  to  all,  which  latter  is  made  the 
subject  of  a  recommendation,  as  follows: 

I  recommend  that  section  4  of  tlio  act  approved  May  7,  1878,  otherwise  known 
as  the  "  Thurman  Act,"  he  amended  so  as  to  embrace  within  its  provisions  all  of  the 
Pacific  railroads  which  have  received  from  the  United  States  bonds  in  aid  of 
construction. 

He  also  recommends  that  accounts  for  transportation  services  ren- 
dered the  Government,  including  the  carriage  of  the  mails,  be  trans- 
mitted through  his  office  to  the  proper  accounting  officers  of  the  Treas- 
ury; the  object  being  to  lodge  all  information  respecting  the  bond- aided 
roads  in  some  one  Bureau. 

He  also  recommends  the  appointment  by  the  President  of  a  commis- 
sion with  full  ijower  to  settle  the  indebtedness  of  the  bond-aided  com- 
panies to  the  Government. 

The  Commissioner's  report  is  accomi)anied  by  four  appendixes  and 
six  tables,  giving  full  financial  and  statistical  information  with  re- 
gard to  the  bond-aided  and  land- grant  railroad  companies  coming  under 
the  supervision  of  his  office. 

REPORT   OF   GOVERNMENT  DIRECTORS. 

The  report  of  the  Government  directors  of  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
way Company,  taken  in  connection  with  the  report  of  the  Commissioner 
of  Railroads,  is  of  importance.  The  directors  report,  as  the  result  of 
personal  examination,  that  the  physical  condition  of  the  system  is 
excellent.  The  condition  and  character  of  the  motive  power  has  never 
been  so  good,  nor  the  freight  and  passenger  equipment  so  extensive. 

Notwithstanding  this  enlargement  of  the  business  capacity,  and  the 
improvement  of  the  traffic  facilities  of  the  railway,  the  directors  report 
a  con  siderable  decrease  in  earnings  for  the  fiscal  year.    (The  report  of  the 


530  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

Commissioner  of  Eailroads,  iu  respect  to  earnings  and  expenses,  was 
for  tlie  calendar  year  and  for  the  bond-aided  portion  of  the  road  only). 
The  report  upon  the  entire  system  is  as  follows: 


1892. 


Difference. 
lncrea.se.     Decrease. 


Earnings  . 
Expenses. 


$44,  547,  C40.  39 
28,  521, 110. 25 


.$44. 240,  713.  27 
28, 695, 792. 20 


$306,927.12 

.$174,681.95    


The  directors  mention  the  creation  by  the  company,  in  September, 
1891,  of  a  collateral  trust,  for  the  purpose  of  relieving  itself  from  the 
pressure  of  its  large  and  unmanageable  floating  debt,  for  which  pur- 
X)ose  snbstantially  all  the  bonds,  stocks,  and  other  available  assets  of 
the  company  were  transferred  to  the  firm  of  Drexel,  Morgan  &  Co,,  as 
trustees.  By  tlie  terms  of  the  indenture  of  ti'ust  it  was  provided  that 
collateral  trust  notes,  properly  certified  by  the  trustees,  might  be 
issued  to  the  extent  of  $24,000,000,-  and  that  these  notes  should  be 
applied  to  the  payment  or  extension  of  the  existing  floating  debt, 
which,  at  the  time  ot  the  creation  of  the  trust,  amounted  to  about 
§20,000,000.  The  total  amount  of  collateral  trust  notes  issued  was 
$18,710,000.  The  estimated  value  of  the  property  and  assets  covered 
by  the  pledge  was  $12,000,000. 

The  amount  of  the  outstanding  collateral  trust  notes,  which  had 
been  canceled  and  retired  at  the  date  of  the  directors'  report,  was 
$7,280,000,  and  the  amount  of  notes  outstanding  $11,130,000;  this  re- 
duction having  been  effected  by  the  sale  of  a  portion  of  the  collateral 
security.  The  security  still  held  by  the  trustees  has  been  recently 
a^ipraised  by  the  company  as  follows: 

Bonds  Cestiniated  mavlvct  value) $17, 503, 514. 60 

Stocks  (estimated  market  value) 7, 160,  396.  07 

Total 24.663.910.67 

The  directors  caution  those  interested,  however,  from  inferring  from 
the  foregoing  statement  that  the  trustees  disposed  of  securities 
amounting  in  value  to  $17,000,000  in  order  to  cancel  and  retire  $7,000,- 
000  in  notes.  The  difference  between  the  estimate  of  to-day  and  that 
of  September,  1891,  including  both  tlie  securities  sold  and  the  allow- 
ance made  in  the  decreased  market  value  of  the  securities,  is  still  on 
hand.  The  directors  are  satisfied  that  a  prudent  administration  of 
the  trust  will  result  in  the  payment  of  all  the  notes  outstanding  and 
leave  a  considerable  equity  applicable  to  other  requirements  of  the 
company. 

The  directors  call  attention  to  the  approaching  maturity  of  the  debt 
due  by  the  company  to  the  United  States  (for  full  details  of  which  see 
Table  jSTo.  1,  published  as  an  appendix  lo  the  Keport  of  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Eailroads),  and  renew  the  recommendations,  so  frequently 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     591 

made  by  their  predecessors,  for  a  prompt  and  complete  adjustment  of 
the  financial  relations  between  the  companj^  and  the  United  States. 

Their  report  was  filed  before  the  road  wasplaced  in  charge  of  receiv- 
ers. Since  that  time  the  interests  of  the  Government  have  been  under 
the  care  of  the  Department  of  Justice. 


THE  TERRITORIES. 

NEW   3IEXICO. 

The  report  of  the  governor  states  that  there  has  been  no  material 
change  in  the  population.  The  only  substantial  increase  by  way  of  immi- 
gration has  been  in  localities  favorable  to  irrigation  enterprises,  nota- 
bly in  Eddy,  Chaves,  and  San  Juan  counties,  and  on  the  Maxwell 
grant,  in  Colfax  County. 

The  total  assessed  valuation  of  the  property  of  the  Territory  is 
$^1,002,198.41.  The  debt  of  the  Territory  on  August  29,  1893,  was 
$911,712.27. 

The  total  entries  at  the  several  land  offices  for  the  year  ended  June 
30, 1893,  covered  15,027,348.97+  acres.  During  the  same  period  2,343 
miles  of  Government  lines  were  surveyed  and  established,  370  plats 
made,  95  mineral  locations  surveyed,  and  2,000  claims  for  survey  of 
small  farms,  under  the  ''small  holdings"  clause  of  the  land-court  act, 
were  filed  in  the  office  of  the  Surveyor-General. 

The  court  of  private  land  claims  has  been  busily  engaged  consider- 
ing the  numerous  Spanish  and  Mexican  land  grant  cases,  establishing 
absolutely  valid  titles  to  just  grants,  and  restoring  to  the  public 
domain  large  areas  improperly  claimed.  A  recapitulation  of  the  work 
of  the  court  August  31,  1893,  shows  202  cases  filed  for  land  in  ]S!'ew 
Mexico;  grants  confirmed  for  laud,  23;  grants  rejected,  7;  cases 
appealed  to  Supreme  Court  by  claimants,  4;  by  United  States,  4; 
estimated  total  number  of  acres  claimed,  1,558,875;  estimated  total 
confirmed,  739,595;  cut  and  rejected,  819,280.  The  necessity  of  imme- 
diate surveys  of  the  grants  confirmed  by  the  court  and  the  small 
holdings  passed  upon  by  the  Surveyor-General  is  dwelt  upon. 

Agriculture. — Irrigation  prospects,  on  which  so  much  depends  in 
New  Mexico,  are  exceedingly  promising.  Not  only  are  vast  works  being 
constructed  for  saving  and  utilizing  large  bodies  of  water  now  going  to 
■waste,  but  especial  attention  is  being  given  to  the  cultivation  of  new 
I)roducts,  such  as  sugar  beets  and  canaigre,  the  latter  being  a  valuable 
tanning  agent,  averaging  from  ten  to  twenty  tons  per  acre. 

Five  years  ago  the  Pecos  Valley  was  a  barren  plain  occupied  by  a 
half  dozen  cattle  raisers;  to-day  it  is  a  prosperous  farming  region,  with 
a  population  of  over  17,000  persons  and  two  floiuushing  towns.  The 
splendid  system  of  irrigation  in  vogue  in  this  region  has  brought  about 
this  wonderful  development.    The  storage  system  to  save  the  flood 


592      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

and  storm  waters,  wliicli  is  nearly  iierfected  lias  a  capacity  of  over 
15,000,000,000  cubic  feet,  the  canals  covering  500,000  acres,  chiefly  in 
New  Mexico. 

Sixty  thousand  acres  of  land  in  this  valley  have  already  been  dis- 
posed of  to  farmers,  and  20,000  are  now  actually  under  <iultivation, 
yielding  five  cuttings  of  alfalfii  per  year  of  about  1^  tons  per  acre 
per  cutting.  Hundreds  of  orchards  and  vineyards  have  been  planted 
and  are  already  beginning  to  yield  abundantly.  Last  season  in  the 
famous  Mesilla  Valley,  Southern  New  Mexico,  many  orchards  yielded 
$10  per  tree,  and  this  year  the  yield  is  so  large  that  even  at  current 
prices  the  returns  will  be  much  greater. 

STOGK-RAisiNa. — Stock-raising,  owing  to  the  severe  and  continuous 
droughts  of  the  past,  has  greatly  decreased,  but  during  this  summer 
the  abundant  rains  over  the  whole  Territory  have  caused  marked  im- 
provement. In  Eddy  there  has  been  quite  a  development  in  raising 
high-  grade  stock,  over  $200,000  worth  of  blooded  horses  and  cattle 
having  been  imported  into  that  country  during  the  past  year  and  a 
half. 

Mines  and  Mining. — Many  mines  in  the  Territory  have  closed  down 
in  the  past  year,  owing  to  the  decrease  in  the  value  of  silver  and  lead 
and  the  great  stringency  in  the  money  market. 

The  Territory  possesses  splendid  undeveloped  resources,  consisting 
of  industrial  minerals  and  precious  stones.  These  in  the  near  future 
will  yield  great  revenue. 

There  are  large  beds  of  bituminous  coal  situated  in  nearly  every 
county,  and  there  is  an  extensive  body  of  anthracite  coal  near  Cer- 
rillos,  in  southern  Santa  Fe  County.  The  quantity  of  coal  mined  during 
the  past  year  at  Gallup,  on  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Eailroad,  292,050 
tons;  at  Blosburg  and  Eaton,  Colfax  County,  244,955  tons;  at  Cerrillos, 
Santa  Fe  County,  18,747  tons;  at  Monera,  Rio  Arriba  County,  20,000 
tons ;  at  Carthage,  Socorro  County,  49,529  tons. 

In  the  southern  part  of  Santa  Fe  County,  in  the  county  of  San  Mi- 
guel, and  in  several  other  places  are  to  be  found  large  deposits  of  gypsum. 
In  Dona  Ana  County,  on  the  San  Augustin  Plains,  there  exists  the 
largest  deposit  of  this  mineral  known  in  the  world,  of  an  exceedingly 
pure  character.  Carbonate  and  sulphate  of  soda,  kaolin  and  fireclays, 
and  alum  beds  are  also  to  be  found  in  New  Mexico. 

Diligent  prospecting  has  revealed  many  new  deposits  of  precious 
stones,  among  these  being  turquoises  of  great  merit,  and  this  industry 
bids  fair  to  become  one  of  the  chief  economic  resources  of  New  Mexico. 
Among  the  precious  stones  may  be  mentioned  the  so-called  Montana 
sapphires,  garnets,  milk  and  fire  opals,  peridots,  a  gTcat  variety  of  fine 
agates,  besides  petrified  woods,  fit  for  inlaying,  mosaic  work,  or  jewelry. 
Gold  and  silver  quartz,  valuable  for  fine  work  in  jewelry,  are  produced 
from  various  mines. 

Indians. — The  condition  of  the  Indians  remains  about  the  same. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     593 

Tlio  recommendation  made  by  Governor  Prince  in  Ms  last  report  that 
tlie  Jicarilla  Apacbe  Agency  be  made  a  separate  and  independent 
agency  is  renewed. 

The  two  potent  causes  cited  as  responsible  for  the  deterioration  of 
the  Navajoes  are,  first,  the  succession  of  very  dry  seasons,  which  have 
caused  poor  crops,  a  greater  scarcity  of  forage,  and  consequent  loss  of 
many  sheep  and  ponies  by  starvation  during  the  winters,  a  poor  yield 
of  wool,  and  the  low  prices  received ;  second,  the  traffic  in  whisky.  The 
development  of  a  water  supi)ly  upon  the  reservation  is  urgently  rec- 
ommended to  relieve  the  first  source  of  trouble,  and  the  aijpointment 
of  special  detectives  or  deputy  marshals  to  secure  the  arrests  and  con- 
victions of  prominent  lawbreakers  engaged  in  selling  liquor  to  the 
Indians  is  given  as  the  second  remedial  agent. 

Education. — The  public  schools  of  the  Territory  are  steadily  imxirov- 
ing.  The  report  of  the  superintendent  for  the  year  ending  December 
1, 1892,  shows  an  enrollment  of  23,151  pupils,  with  an  average  daily 
attendance  of  15,832;  the  number  of  teachers  emx)loyed  is  557,  and 
there  are  532  school  districts.  The  school  session  averages  four  and 
one-half  months.  The  private  and  religious  institutions  of  learning  are 
reported  to  be  in  a  flourishing  condition. 

Legislation. — The  last  legislature  passed  a  law  providing  for  a 
county  court  in  every  county  where  the  county  seat  has  a  population 
of  2,000  or  more 3  the  court  to  have  exclusive  jurisdiction  in  all  civil 
causes  arising  in  the  county,  except  cases  where  the  sum  involved 
does  not  exceed  $300,  and  to  have  concurrent  jurisdiction  with  all 
justices  of  the  peace  in  civil  and  criminal  cases  ;  and  that  cases 
now  on  the  docket  of  the  district  court  may,  ujpon  request  of  either  of 
the  parties,  be  transferred  to  the  proper  county  court.  Provision  is 
made  for  jury  trials  and  the  preservation  of  testimony,  and  that  the 
records  and  dockets  of  such  courts  be  kept  in  the  same  manner  as  pro- 
vided for  district  courts. 

The  approval  of  this  act  by  Congress  is  strongly  urged,  as  it  will  tend 
to  relieve  the  congested  condition  of  the  dockets  of  the  district  courts, 
which  have  become  so  crowded  that  cases  seven  years  old  are  pending 
therein.  One  provision  of  the  act,  however,  is  pronounced  to  be  unwise, 
namely,  the  provision  that  in  the  first  instance  the  judges  shall  bo  ap- 
pointed by  the  county  commissioners,  and  after  that  elected.  It  is 
claimed  that  in  view  of  the  present  condition  of  society  in  the  Terri- 
tory, better  and  more  competent  judges  can  be  obtained  if  they  are  ap- 
pointed by  the  governor,  and  therefore  it  is  considered  advisable  to 
change  the  act  of  confirmation  in  this  resiiect. 

ARIZONA. 

The  governor  in  his  report  estimates  the  population  at  05,000,  of 
■which  11,000  are  Mexicans,  mostly  native  born;  1,200  Chinese,  and 
Ab.  93 38 


594     EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETAEY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

about  5,000  belonging  to  other  nationalities.    There  are  35,700  Indians 
who  are  not  included  in  the  above  enumeration. 

The  taxable  property  of  the  Territory  is  assessed  at  $28,480,183,  the 
valuation  of  laud  being  $1.50  per  acre;  cattle,  $7.61  per  head;  horses, 
$21.18;  sheep,  $2;  and  railroads,  per  mile,  $5,490.  The  total  debt,  in- 
cluding municipal,  county,  and  Territorial,  is  placed  at  a  fraction  over 
$3,000,000,  of  ^Yhich  $1,500,000  Avas  funded  under  act  of  Congress  dur- 
ing the  year  in  5  per  cent  bonds,  effecting  a  saving  of  $32,000  annually 
to  the  Territory  through  the  reduced  rate  of  interest.  There  remains 
$1,500,000  of  this  debt  to  be  refunded. 

Public  Lands. — During  tlie  year  143,730  acres  of  land  were  entered 
for  settlement  and  improvement  and  are  being  reclaimed  to  agriculture 
by  irrigation. 

Eeglamation  of  Lands  and  Irrigation. — The  settlement  and 
cultivation  of  lands  have  been  principally  in  the  valleys,  on  the  line  of 
flowing  streams.  5fot  more  than  10,000  acres  have  been  successfully 
cultivated  in  the  Territory  without  the  aid  of  irrigation,  such  land 
being  located  in  the  valleys  of  Iiigh  altitude. 

There  are  851  miles  of  irrigating  canals,  serving  some  573,500  acre^s 
of  land.  In  addition  to  the  above  there  are  a  number  of  extensions  of 
canals,  constructions  of  reservoirs,  and  new  canal  systems  in  progress? 
which,  when  completed,  will  give  in  the  aggregate  557  miles  of  canals, 
carrying  water  sufficient  to  reclaim  over  2,044,000  acres  of  arid  land. 

The  Arid  Eegion.— Given  the  necessary  means  of  irrigation,  it  is 
estimated  that  10,000,000  acres  of  land  in  Arizona  can  be  reclaimed. 
Several  plans  are  suggested  for  the  accomplishment  of  this  purpose, 
but  the  policy  recommended  as  the  most  conservative  and  practical  Is 
the  ceding  by  the  Federal  Government  of  the  arid  lands  to  the  Terri- 
tory, with  such  limitations  as  to  their  disposal  as  might  be  deemed 
advisable. 

It  is  urged  that  if  the  arid  lands  were  under  the  control  of  the  Ter- 
ritory they  could  be  utilized  for  securing  of  capital  necessary  for  their 
reclamation,  by  granting  each  alternate  section  or  less  of  lauds 
reclaimed  as  a  bonus  to  the  investors. 

Agriculture. — The  soil  of  the  valleys  and  mesa  lands  is  full  of 
vitality,  and  under  the  influences  of  irrigation  yields  astonishing  re- 
sults, two  crops  a  year  being  not  uncommon  in  many  sections.  Hay, 
especially  alfalfa,  is  cut  from  four  to  six  times  annually,  and  cereals  give 
a  yield  of  from  30  to  GO  bushels  per  acre.  The  horticultural  interests 
are  also  being  developed  on  a  large  scale  and  with  remaj-kable  success. 

Railroads  and  Commerce. — There  are  1,104  miles  of  raih-oad  in 
operation  in  the  Territory,  the  Prescott  and  Phcenix  road  having  con- 
structed GO  miles  during  the  year.  When  completed,  this  road  will 
unite  northern  and  southern  Arizona.  The  total  customs  duties  received 
duringthe  year  from  imports  at  ]!Togales,  Ariz.,  was$G0,G73.71,  which  is 
an  increase  of  $10,675.26  over  that  of  the  previous  year.  Greater  protec- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     595 

tiou  is  needed  for  tlie  customs  district,  as  it  is  believed  a  large  auiount  of 
illicit  trade  is  carried  on  through  jiortions  of  the  line  which  it  is  impos- 
sible to  protect  with  the  small  force  of  inspectors  provided.  The  smug- 
gling complained  of  is  chieiiy  that  of  Chinese  and  opium. 

Stock  Raising. — Owing  to  a  drought,  extending  over  a  period  of 
the  last  two  years,  there  has  been  a  loss  of  from  50  to  60  p&r  cent  of 
range  stock.  The  loss  was  in  a  measure  aggravated  by  the  lieavy  over- 
stocking of  ranges.  The  recent  rain,  however,  has  given  cause  for 
much  encouragement  in  this  industry  for  the  present  year.  The  extent 
and  character  of  grazing  lands,  areas,  rainfall,  forage  grasses,  breed- 
ing, increase,  etc,  are  referred  to  and  the  grant  of  a  legal  tenure  to 
grazing  lands  by  Congress  urged.  The  sheep  industry  gave  a  wool  cut 
of  10,000,000  pounds  for  the  year. 

Mines  and  Mining-  Eesoueces. — During  the  year  there  has  been 
great  depreciation  in  the  silver-mining  industry,  the  output  of  silver 
bemg  $287,426  against  that  of  1881,  which  was  $0,278,893.  This 
was  the  largest  output  for  any  one  year.  The  closing  of  silver  mines, 
however,  has  stimulated  the  gold-mining  industry  in  a  most  satisfac- 
tory degree.  The  outinit  for  last  year  was  over  §1,000,000,  and  during 
the  next  year,  it  is  confidently  believed,  the  gold  output  will  reach 
from  $5,000,000  to  86,000,000.  The  copper  output  for  the  year  was 
38,000,000  x)ounds.  The  total  value  of  gold,  silver,  and  base  bullion 
given  to  the  country  by  Arizona  during  the  last  17  years  is  placed  at 
194,293,648. 

Forest  and  Lumber. — The  timber  region  of  the  Territory  is 
located  chiefly  in  the  northern  and  central  parts  of  Arizona,  and  cov- 
ers an  area  of  10,750  square  miles.  It  is  estimated  that  the  total  quan- 
tity of  pine  timber  fit  for  commercial  purposes  is  10,000,000,000  feet. 
The  output  of  lumber  for  last  year  is  estimated  at  12,000,000  feet. 

Education. — Arizona's  irablic-school  system,  established  in  1871,  is 
fully  abreast  of  the  most  advanced  educational  ideas. 

Last  year,  there  were  275  teachers  employed  in  the  public  schools  of 
the  Territory.  There  are  214  school  districts,  with  15,463  children  of 
school  age,  of  which  9,997  are  enrolled  on  the  school  list.  The  total 
amount  paid  in  salaries  was  $140,712.21,  and  the  total  exijenditure  of 
maintaining  the  schools  for  the  year  was  $205,810.  The  total  value  of 
school  property  is  $329,419.49.  There  are  also  a  number  of  denomina« 
tional  schools. 

The  Territorial  i^ormal  School,  the  University  of  the  Territory,  the 
School  of  Mines,  and  the  Agricultural  College  are  i)rosperous  and  well 
patronized.  A  Territorial  Eeform  School  was  established  by  the  last 
legislature  for  the  confinement,  discipline,  education,  employment,  and 
reform  of  juvenile  offenders  in  Arizona. 

Indians. — The  condition  of  the  Indians,  all  things  considered,  is 
quite  satisfactory.  The  Ai^ache  depredations  are  things  of  the  past, 
largely  owing  to  the  policy  adopted  during  the  last  administration  of 
Mr.  Cleveland  of    removing  the  criminal  and  disturbing   elements 


596     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

among  these  Iiuliaus  from  tlie  Territory  to  distant  points  of  tlie 
country.  Lack  of  water  for  farming  purposes  is  the  greatest  draw- 
back on  all  the  reservations,  and  liberal  appropriations  are  recom- 
mended to  sujiply  this  want,  and  thus  enable  the  Indian  to  become 
self-sustaining  by  his  own  toil. 

Indian  Schools. — There  are  7,134  Indians  of  school  age;  the  popu- 
lation available  for  schools  is  4,280  and  the  children  enrolled  in  schools 
1,202.  Of  this  number  799  are  enrolled  in  Arizona  schools  and  403  out- 
side of  the  Territory.  The  school  accommodation  of  the  Territory  for 
1893  is  1,070. 

These  training  schools  have  given  excellent  results,  especially  in  in- 
dustria.1  training,  making  good  domestics  of  the  girls  and  first-class  farm 
help  of  the  boys.  The  i^olicy  of  sending  Indian  children  out  of  Arizona 
to  the  East  to  be  educated  is  questioned  on  the  ground  of  health  and 
for  other  reasons.  The  very  heavy  cost  of  transportation  to  and  from 
their  homes  and  the  fact  that  the  system  of  industry,  especially  farm- 
ing, is  entirely  different  in  Arizona  from  that  which  obtains  east  of 
the  Mississippi  Valley,  are  mentioned  as  additional  objections. 

Trial  of  Indians. — The  trial  of  Indians  under  Territorial  law  has, 
it  is  claimed,  proved  a  failure,  because  the  Federal  Government  has 
failed  to  reimburse  the  county  governments  of  the  Territory,  which 
have  expended  large  sums  in  the  prosecution  of  Indians;  and  officers, 
under  advice  from  their  superiors,  have  grown  negligent  in  arresting 
and  punishing  Indian  offenders.  Should  the  feeling  become  prevalent 
on  the  various  reservations  that  law  will  not  be  enforced,  a  condition 
of  affairs  might  arise  which  would  materially  impede  the  progress  of 
the  Territory  and  injure  the  Indian. 

The  Colorado  Eiver. — The  improvement  of  the  Colorado  River  in 
the  interest  of  the  western  section  of  Arizona,  as  well  as  -portions  of 
Nevada  and  southeastern  California,  is  urged. 

Public  Buildings. — Arizona  has  no  public  buildings  erected  by 
the  Federal  Government,  yet  the  customs  duties  and  revenues  collected 
in  the  district  of  Arizona  last  year  reached  the  sum  of  $85,000. 

Not  less  than  $10,000  is  paid  annually  for  the  rent  of  Federal  offices. 
It  would  be  economy  for  the  Government  to  make  appropriations  for 
the  erection  of  necessary  buildings,  as  the  annual  rental  now  paid 
would  be  a  most  liberal  interest  on  a  sufficient  sum  to  construct  them. 

Private-Land  Claims. — The  delay  in  the  settlement  of  title  to 
private-land  claims  under  the  Mexican  Government  is  neariug  atermina- 
tion.  The  creation  of  a  Court  of  Private  Land  Claims,  with  jurisdiction 
to  determine  these  titles  at  once,  removed  this  vexed  question  from  the 
legislative  or  i)olitical  to  the  judicial  branch  of  the  Government,  where 
the  law  and  the  facts  affecting  the  same  could  be  more  carefully  and 
deliberately  considered  and  the  sacred  treaty  obligations  determined 
by  courts  of  judicial  learning  rather  than  Congressional  committees. 
There  are  twenty-one  of  these  claims  in  Arizona,  containing  an  area, 
according  to  the  claimants,  of  about  6,000,000  to  7,000,000  acres. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY,  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     597 

Health  and  Climatic  Conditions. — There  is  probably  no  sec- 
tion of  tlie  country  which  possesses  climatic  conditions  more  favorable 
to  the  restoration  and  preservation  of  health,  especially  for  those  suf- 
fering from  pulmonary  troubles,  as  Arizona,  especially  in  its  southern 
portions. 

Undeveloped  Eesources. — The  undeveloped  resources  of  Arizona 
are  boundless.  Her  mountains  are  threaded  with  gold  and  silver  veins, 
large  deposits  of  iron,  silver,  and  lead,  and  other  metals. 

An  important  industry  in  the  course  of  development,  and  one  which 
it  appears  will  yield  fabulous  returns,  is  the  production  of  canaigre  or 
the  tanning  root,  which  is  indigenous  to  this  soil  and  climate. 

The  demand  for  this  plant  for  tanning  and  other  chemical  purposes 
is  so  great  that  it  can  not  be  met  by  the  supply,  a  fact  which  suggests 
its  cultivation  as  one  of  the  most  important  industries  of  this  region. 
It  is  authoritatively  stated  that  the  cultivation  of  canaigre  will  give  a 
profit  of  $100  an  acre. 

Social  Conditions. — The  progress  of  the  Territory  during  the  year 
in  social  condition  has  been  marked.  There  have  been  more  homes 
established  and  families  permanently  located,  especially  in  the  Salt 
Kiver  Valley,  than  during  hmj  iirevious  year.  The  increased  strength 
of  churches,  reform  organizations,  and  fraternal  societies  has  been  most 
gratifying. 

Statehood. — The  report  makes  a  strong  plea  for  statehood,  and 
claims  for  Arizona  the  population  and  taxable  property  to  entitle  it  to 
the  right  of  self-government. 

UTAH. 

The  census  of  1890  gives  the  population  of  Utah  as  207,905.  The 
governor  in  his  report  for  the  year  1893  estimates  the  x>opulation  of  the 
Territory  as  240,805,  an  increase  of  32,900.  The  population  of  the  min- 
ing districts  has  decreased  during  the  past  six  months  because  of  the 
decline  in  the  jjrice  of  silver,  while  in  other  parts  of  the  Territory  it 
has  increased. 

The  assessed  value  of  real  and  personal  property  and  improvements 
for  1893  is  $108,800,1115  and  the  assessed  value  of  property  in  incor- 
porated cities  and  towns  is  $91,533,352,  being  an  increase  of  $7,333,- 
270.47  over  that  for  1892.  The  indebtedness  of  cities  and  towns  for 
1893  is  stated  to  be  $2,098,030,  which  is  a  decrease  of  $17,G48  from  the 
preceding  year.  The  residences  erected  in  incorporated  cities  and 
towns,  reported  during  fiscal  year,  are  182,  valued  at  $218,850,  and  the 
number  of  business  houses  erected  therein  during  said  period  is  42, 
valued  at  $179,500.  Eeturns  have  not  been  received  from  Salt  Lake 
City,  Ogden,  Provo,  and  Logan,  the  four  principal  cities  of  the  Terri- 
tory, but  it  is  safe  to  say  that  hundreds  of  fine  public  and  private 
buildings  have  been  erected  in  those  cities,  and  that  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  dollars  have  been  exjiended  in  their  construction. 


598     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

The  number  of  horses  and  mules  assessed  in  the  Territory  for  the  year 
1893  is  92,096,  and  the  assessed  value  of  the  same  amounts  to  $2,818, 
895;  number  of  cattle,  259,925,  assessed  value,  $2,078,055;  and  number 
of  sheep,  1,374,836,  value  $2,648,128. 

Forty-two  banks  of  Utah  show  the  following  state  of  their  business 
June  30,  1893:  Capital,  $5,693,613;  deposits,  $9,237,726.  During  the 
past  year  36  miles  of  railroad  extensions  have  been  constructed, 
which,  added  to  the  i)revious  mileage,  makes  an  aggregate  of  1,327.94 
miles  now  in  operation  within  the  Territory. 

The  number  of  entries  at  the  United  States  Land  Office  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  30,  1893,  is  1,719,  being  an  average  of  348,788.90,  and 
amounting  to  $94,717.48.  The  total  business  of  the  land  office  at  Salt 
Lake  City,  from  its  opening  in  March,  1869,  to  the  end  of  the  past  fiscal 
year,  is  as  follows :     Acreage,  0,245,869.20;  amount,  $1,409,941.75. 

The  mineral  product  for  1892  is  reported  as  $10,276,818.03. 
*PuBLic  Buildings. — The  rapid  increase  of  population,  business,  and 
wealth  of  the  Territory  necessitates  the  erection  of  i)ublic  buildings  at 
Salt  Lake  City  and  Ogden,  and  the  passage  of  bills  for  their  erection 
is  urgently  recommended.  The  old  capitol  building  at  Fillmore  should 
be  granted  to  the  Territory. 

TEEEiTOEiAi  Institutions. — The  Eeform  School,  located  at  Ogden, 
is  doing  good  work;  also  the  Insane  Asylum  at  Provo,  which  had 
$100,000  appropriated  for  its  maintenance  during  1892  and  1893. 

The  University  of  Utah,  at  Salt  Lake  City,  is  permanently  estab- 
lished, and  doing  well,  but  the  present  situation  is  too  near  business 
centers,  and  it  is  recommended  that  the  institution  be  removed  to  a 
quieter  location,  where  a  larger  tract  of  land  can  be  secured.  The  report 
urges  the  early  passage  of  the  act  now  pending  in  Congress  granting 
to  the  Territory  a  portion  of  the  Fort  Douglass  Military  Eeservation  for 
university  purposes. 

Indians. — The  Indians  of  the  Territory  are  all  quiet  and  peaceably 
disposed.  The  number  upon  the  Uintah  and  Uncompahgre  Eeserva- 
tions  is  about  2,000,  and  the  number  of  acres  within  the  reservation 
aggregates  about  4,000,000.  The  lauds  included  within  this  reservation 
are  some  of  the  most  fertile  and  well  watered  lands  within  the  com- 
monwealth. As  the  acreage  per  capita  for  the  Indians  is  so  unneces- 
sarily large  as  to  be  entirely  beyond  reason,  it  is  recommended  that 
early  provision  be  made  for  the  allotment  in  severalty  of  suitable 
quantities  of  such  land  to  the  Indians,  and  that  the  remainder  of  the 
lands  be  then  thrown  open  to  the  public  for  settlement.  Any  further 
removal  of  the  Indians  from  Colorado  or  elsewhere  to  Utah  would  be  a 
grave  injustice  and  imijediment  to  the  progress  of  the  Territory,  and 
ought  not  to  be  considered,  much  less  permitted. 

Educational. — The  school  lands,  as  a  rule,  are  unoccupied  and 
unproductive,  and  of  little  value  without  irrigation. 

The  University  and  Agricultural  College  are  maintained  by  direct 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     599 

approiiriations  from  tlie  general  fundj  beside  these,  geoeial  scliool 
taxes  aggregating  $360,000  are  annually  paid,  apportioned  proportion- 
ately to  tlie  school  population,  and  expended  to  support  free  public  dis- 
trict schools.  During  the  past  two  years  Salt  Lake  City  and  Ogdeu  alone 
have  expended  $750,000  raised  on  bonds,  to  erect  free  school  houses; 
and  hundreds  of  other  districts  have  expended  large  sums  for  similar 
purposes,  while  the  several  churches  have  erected  many  magnifi- 
cent colleges. 

AaRicuLTURE. — The  agricultural  lands  of  the  public  domain  are 
being  settled  as  fa«t  as  irrigation  can  be  procured,  but  as  the  cost  of 
constructing  canals  is  heavy,  tlie  settlement  will  necessarily  be  slow. 

Undeveloped  Eesources. — There  are  within  the  Territory,  moun- 
tains of  the  richest  iron  and  copper  ores,  vast  beds  of  coal,  sulphur, 
and  other  valuable  deposits,  which  only  need  the  touch  of  capital  and 
access  to  railways  to  bring  into  the  markets  of  the  world  untold 
treasures. 

Legislation. — The  practice  of  polygamy  has  been  abandoned  by 
the  church  and  the  people.  Polygamous  marriages  are  forbidden  by 
the  authorities  of  the  church.  The  People's  (or  Church)  Party  has  been 
dissolved  and  the  conditions  existing  in  the  Territory  are  now  in  nowise 
different  from  those  in  vogue  in  the  States  of  the  Union. 

The  Territory  has  a  population  of  about  240,000,  and  an  assessed  tax- 
able valuation  of  $109,000,000,  From  a  careful  study  of  the  conditions  in 
this  territory  I  can  see  no  reason  why  the  privilege  of  statehood  should 
be  longer  withheld,  and  I  cordially  support  the  application  of  Utah  for 
admission  to  the  Union. 

Utah  Co^orissioN. — The  Utah  Commission  reports  that  the  im- 
portant changes  respecting  the  registration  of  voters  and  the  time  and 
manner  of  holding  elections  approved  by  the  Territorial  assembly 
March  10,  1892,  are  working  a  material  saving  in  time  and  money  to 
the  electors  and  taxpayers. 

The  Industrial  Christian  Home  Association  having  ceased  to  use  the 
grounds  and  buildings  provided  by  certain  acts  of  Congress,  approved 
August  4, 1886,  voluntarily  delivered  possession  of  the  premises  on  July 
1,1893,  to  the  Utah  Commission  as  a  board  of  control,  and  the  Commis- 
sion on  August  1st  transferred  its  official  quarters  thereto.  The 
building  is  a  large  and  handsome  one,  and  the  report  states  that  it  has 
room  enough  to  accommodate  all  the  Government  offices  in  Salt  Lake 
City,  except  the  post-office  and  the  courts,  and  if  thus  used  would  be 
the  means  of  saving  several  thousand  dollars  annually  in  the  way  of 
rents.  By  the  removal  of  some  jiartitions  abundant  room  could  be 
provided  for  the  two  houses  of  the  Territorial  assembly,  as  well  as  for 
the  public  olSces.  It  is  recommended  that  a  small  appropriation  be 
made  to  keep  the  building  in  repair. 

The  Commission  states  that  it  found  itself  very  much  embarrassed 


GOO     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

■wben  tlie  time  to  begin  the  revision  of  tlie  registration  lists  for  the 
November,  1893,  election  came  on,  in  consequence  of  the  legal  proposi- 
tion presented  by  the  xiroclamation  of  President  Harrison  of  the  17th 
of  February,  1893,  granting  amnesty  and  pardon  to  that  class  of  the 
Mormon  i^eople  who  were,  by  the  eighth  section  of  the  act  of  Congress 
of  March  3, 1887,  denied  the  right  of  registering  and  voting.  After  con- 
siderable reflection  the  following  resolution  w^as  presented  and  unani- 
mously adopted : 

Whereus,  a  difference  of  opinion  apjjears  to  exist  as  to  tho  efficacy  of  the  amnesty 
granted  by  ex-President  Harrison  to  relieve  sexual  offenders  in  Utali  from  prior  dis- 
abilities to  vote ;  and 

Whereas,  in  the  interest  of  tbe  elective  government  that  doubt  ought  to  be  solved 
in  favor  of  the  man :  Therefore, 

Resolved,  Tliat  any  person  in  the  Territory  otherwise  qualified  to  vote,  and  who 
has  abstained  from  committing  any  such  sexual  offense  since  November  1,  1890, 
ought,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Commission,  for  the  reason  aforesaid,  to  be  permitted 
to  register. 

It  is  stated  that  some  of  the  most  eminent  lawyers  and  jurists  of  the 
Territory  are  of  the  opinion  that  a  strict  construction  given  to  the  acts 
of  Congress  and  the  opinions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  upon  the  above  question,  would  operate  to  the  continued  dis- 
franchisement of  this  class  as  electors,  and  it  is  recommended  that 
Congress  pass  ui)on  this  important  subject,  because  as  a  legal  proposi- 
tion it  is  yet  unsettled. 

A  succinct  history  is  given  of  the  origin  of  the  Commission,  its  organi- 
zation, the  opposition  originally  manifested  toward  it  by  the  people  of 
Utah,  and  the  changed  conditions  since,  under  which  the  obstacles 
thrown  in  the  way  of  the  proper  discharge  of  its  duties  are  passing 
away. 

It  is  stated  that  early  in  1891  the  Mormon  or  People's  party  formally 
and  absolutely  dissolved  its  organization.  Soon  after,  the  Gentile  fac- 
tion informally  and  x)artially  followed  this  example.  It  furnished  the 
material  out  of  which  the  new  parties  in  the  Territory,  Democratic  and 
Eepublican,  were  formed,  and  which  must,  in  the  early  future,  absorb 
the  remains  of  the  Gentile,faction.  The  new  parties  are  now  competing 
for  the  palm  of  local  political  ascendency.  Each  is  asking  Congress 
for  Territorial  home  rule,  or  statehood,  but  notably  neither  is  asking 
by  either  of  those  measures,  during  their  pendency,  the  discontinuance 
of  the  Utah  Commission. 

The  number  of  officers  appointed  by  the  Commission  since  the  date 
of  its  last  annual  report,  for  the  purpose  of  properly  carrying  into  effect 
the  election  laws,  aggregates,  including  those  remaining  to  be  appointed 
with  reference  to  the  approaching  November  election,  2,667. 

Constitutional  Amendment. — The  Commission,  in  contemplation 
of  the  importance  of  securing  the  future  against  the  return  of  the  evils 
of  polygamy,  urgently  recommends  that  an  amendment  to  the  Federal 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     601 

Constitution  be  adopted,  inhibiting  polygamy  and  empowering  Con- 
gi'ess  to  prescribe  the  conditions  of  marriage  and  divorce  and  the  man- 
ner of  autlienticating  each. 

OKLAHOMA. 

The  reiDort  of  the  Governor  of  Okhihoma  gives  most  encouraging 
accounts  of  the  rapid  growth  and  jorosperity  of  the  Territory.  Fine 
cities  with  electric  lights,  waterworks,  and  all  modern  conveniences 
have  been  built.  The  total  population  for  1890  is  given  as  60,416  j 
that  for  1892,  133,100;  and  for  1893,  151,213.  The  number  of  people  on 
the  Cherokee  Strip  for  the  year  1893  is  estimated  at  100,000. 

The  immigration  of  colored  people  from  the  South  has  very  largely 
stopped,  and  now  the  number  in  the  Territory  is  not  great. 

The  total  assessed  value  of  proi)erty  in  Oklahoma  is  reported  as 
$11,485,102.45  for  the  year  1892,  and  $13,951,050.38  for  1893. 

The  report  states  that  there  are  at  present  but  two  trunk  lines  of 
railroad  in  the  Territory,  with  a  short  line,  the  Choctaw  Ilailroad. 
Several  other  lines  are  projected  but  have  not  yet  been  buUt.  The 
total  valuation  of  railroad  interests  is  given  as  $349,082. 

There  are  6  national  banks  in  Oklahoma,  each  having  a  capital  stock 
of  $50,000,  and  24  i3rivate  banks,  with  capital  stocks  ranging  from 
$10,000  to  $50,000.  Of  the  6  national  banks,  5  have  made  reports 
showing  a  combined  capital  stock  of  $250,000;  deposits,  $685,547.87; 
loans  and  discounts,  $322,573.08.  Eeports  made  by  7  of  the  24  private 
banks  show  an  average  capital  stock  of  $24,000  with  average  deposits 
$31,000,  and  average  loans  and  discounts  of  $30,000. 

The  financial  statement  of  Oklahoma  Territory,  according  to  the 
latest  report  of  the  Auditor,  made  Ai^ril  1, 1893,  is  as  follows :  Warrants 
issued  to  April  1,  1893,  $47,184.89;  warrants  redeemed  to  November 
30,1893,  $19,803.59;  amount  due  on  assessed  valuation  ($11,485,142.45) 
for  1892,  $34,455.54;  amount  due  from  insurance  licenses,  $1,500;  total 
due  Territory  for  1892,  $35,955,54;  deduct  totat  standing  indebtedness 
April  1,  1893,  $27,321.30;  balance  in  favor  of  Territory,  $8,034.24. 

Public  Schools. — The  public-school  system  is  in  a  flourishing  con- 
dition. There  are  very  few  school  districts  without  comfortable  school 
houses,  and  in  most  instances  no  bonded  indebtedness  burdens  them. 
Very  nearly  $100,000  in  cash  and  notes  have  been  received  from  leas- 
ing the  school  lands.  The  suggestion  is  offered  that  should  Congress 
make  an  appropriation  for  the  benefit  of  the  schools  to  be  established 
in  the  Cherokee  Strip,  it  would  be  money  well  silent. 

Colleges. — The  Territorial  University,  located  at  Norman,  is  sup- 
ported by  a  one-half-mill  tax,  which  will  amount  to  about  $8,000  per 
year.  It  has  made  an  excellent  start,  a  new  building  having  just 
been  comi)leted  for  the  institution. 

The  normal  school  at  Edmond  has  also  just  completed  a  fine  build- 
ing.   The  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  at  Stillwater  is  the 


602     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

best  endowed  of  any  of  tlie  scliools  of  the  Territory,  and  bids  fair  to 
do  most  excellent  work. 

Eacli  of  the  above  institutions  lias  in  attendance  about  one  hundred 
students,  with  new  ones  constantly  coming,  and  it  is  the  aim  to  have 
these  colleges  correspond  with  the  high  school,  making  a  complete 
system  of  education  from  the  lowest  to  the  highest  grades. 

Agriculture, — The  Territory  is  admirably  adapted  to  growing 
almost  every  kind  of  plant,  the  soil  and  climate  being  unsurpassed. 
Wheat  this  year  made  a  very  fine  yield,  averaging  about  20  bushels  to 
the  acre  all  over  the  Territory.  Some  pieces  are  reported  as  yielding  62 
bushels  to  the  acre.  The  soil  yields  good  crops  of  corn  and  oats, 
averaging  about  40  bushels  to  the  acre.  The  entire  Territory  is 
reported  to  be  well  adapted  for  fruit-raisiug.  Stock-raising  will  be  one 
of  the  principal  occupations  in  the  future. 

Mining. — Exhaustless  deposits  of  salt  and  gyi)sum  are  reported;  and 
coal  has  been  found  at  various  places,  and  some  iron  ore;  but  no  mines 
have  as  yet  been  oi^ened.  There  is  a  very  fine  quarry  of  ilagging  and 
building  stone  in  the  Cherokee  Strip  near  Arkansas.  Many  of  the 
buildings  in  the  cities  of  Oklahoma  are  built  of  native  stone. 

Manufacturing. — Manufacturing  is  in  its  infancy,  but  offers  great 
inducements  to  capital. 

Social,  and  Religious. — Society,  which  at  first  was  disorganized, 
is  now  in  a  much  better  condition.  Ruffianism  is  fast  on  the  wane  and 
will  soon  be  a  thing  of  the  i)ast.  The  churches  are  expending  in  home- 
mission  work  not  less  than  $60,000  per  annum. 

Indians. — The  allotment  of  lands  in  severalty  is  earnestly  recom- 
mended as  the  best  solution  of  the  problem  of  civilizing  the  Indians. 

The  Cherokee  Outlet. — The  report  of  the  Governor  states  that 
115,000  booth  certificates  were  issued  to  intending  settlers  on  the  lands 
in  the  outlet.  It  shows  that  the  booth  system  has  done  a  vast  amount 
of  good  in  keeping  out  illegal  claimants  and  will  long  continue  to  do 
so;  the  difficulty  exx)eyenced  in  registering  at  the  booths  having  been 
far  overbalanced  by  the  check  it  placed  upon  fraud.  In  spite,  however, 
of  all  that  faithful  oificials  could  do,  there  were  a  number  of  "sooners" 
who  took  possession  of  some  of  the  best  lands  and  lots,  and  it  is  urged 
that  no  effort  be  si)ared  to  bring  them  to  justice. 

The  eastern  part  of  the  Cherokee  Outlet  is  exceedingly  fertile  and 
will  soon  make  a  very  wealthy  community.  Several  fine  towns  have  been 
built  and  large  and  permanent  buildings  are  in  process  of  erection. 

Public  Buildings. — As  yet  no  public  buildings  have  been 
erected  by  the  Territory  for  the  j)ublic  officers,  and  it  is  recommended 
that  such  be  constructed  at  an  early  date.  Very  few  of  the  counties 
have  county  buildings  at  present,  and  the  Federal  Government  has  no 
public  buildings  of  any  consequence. 

The  soil  of  Oklahoma  is  rich,  the  resources  great,  and  the  develop- 
ment marvelous.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  at  an  early  day  this  Territory 
may  assume  the  resi)onsibilities  of  statehood. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     603 
ALASKA. 

The  goveruor  of  Alaska  reports  increased  activity  in  the  gold- 
mining  industry  during  the  past  year,  many  new  claims  having  been 
located,  and  new  mines  opened  with  gratifying  results. 

The  efficient  measures  inaugurated  by  the  Government  to  prevent 
the  wasteful  destruction  of  fish  in  Alaskan  waters  are  bearing  good 
results.  The  continued  rains  during  the  present  season  have  so 
swollen  the  streams  that  the  usual  catch  could  not  be  taken,  and  the 
pack  will  not  be  quite  up  to  the  yearly  output. 

But  7,500  seal  skins  were  taken  by  the  Korth  American  Commercial 
Company,  lessees  of  the  islands  of  St.  Paul  and  St.  George,  during 
the  season  of  1893. 

Militia. — The  militia  organization  in  Alaska  is  in  a  state  of  disin- 
tegration, the  migratory  habits  of  the  people  x)reventing  such  an 
organization  from  becoming  permanent.  Militia  soldiers  could  only  be 
used  as  home  guards,  or  for  x)olice  duty  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
their  organization.  To  be  of  service  to  the  Territory  at  large,  each 
organized  company  would  be  under  the  necessity  of  having  and  main- 
taining steamboat  transportation  for  their  full  complement  of  men, 
there  being  no  roads  or  land  travel  possible  in  the  country.  In  conse- 
quence of  the  above-mentioned  difficulties  the  civil  government  of  the 
Territory  can  only  rely  upon  the  United  States  Kavy;  its  cooperation, 
however,  is  assured,  as  the  mau-of-war  Piiita  is  at  the  command  of  the 
governor. 

Liquor  Tbaffio. — The  present  construction  of  the  law  prohibiting 
the  importation,  manufacture,  or  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors  in  Alaska 
has  given  rise  to  a  large  traffic  in  smuggled  liquors,  mostly  from  Brit- 
ish Columbia,  which  the  custom-house  offices  can  not  prevent  and  have 
not  the  means  to  suppress.  It  is  recommended  that  either  the  law 
should  be  changed  or  the  revenue  officers  provided  with  the  means  to 
enforce  its  jDrovisions. 

Indian  Police. — The  employment  of  Indian  police  by  the  Govern- 
ment has  a  tendency  to  establish  confidential  relations  between  the 
two  races.  The  native  policeman  ta,kes  great  pride  in  the  performance 
of  his  duty  and  has  proven  himself  to  be  honest,  promi:>t,  and  efficient 
in  preventing  the  sale  of  liquor  and  preserving  peace  and  good  order 
amongst  his  people. 

His  influence  has  also  been  exerted  for  good  in  the  way  of  having  the 
Indian  children  attend  the  Government  schools. 

Education. — During  the  past  year  there  were  14  Government  and 
an  equal  number  of  contract  schools  in  successful  operation  in  the  Ter- 
ritory. Eleven  different  denominations  have  established  mission  schools 
in  Alaska.  The  Indian  training  school  at  Sitka  has  been  in  success- 
ful operation  for  a  nupiber  of  years,  and  has  civilized,  educated,  and 
qualified  for  all  the  avocations  of  life  and  good  citizenship  many  native 
young  men  and  women.    A  new  schoolhouse  is  urgently  needed  at 


604     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

Jiinean  City  for  the  accommodation  of  white  chiklreii.  Three  other  new 
schoolhonses  should  be  erected  uext  summer.  It  is  urgently  recom- 
mended by  the  governor  that  the  apx)ropriation  for  the  education  of 
children  in  Alaska  for  the  fiscal  year  1894-'95  be  $00,900. 

Introduction  of  Domestic  Eeindeer. — The  laudable  work  of  im- 
porting domesticated  reindeer  into  western  Alaska,  from  the  tame 
herds  of  Siberia,  in  order  to  arrest  the  present  starvation  of  the  natives 
of  that  region  and  form  the  basis  of  a  permanent  food  supply,  is  pro- 
gressing. The  money  to  i)ay  the  expense  of  the  first  and  second  pur- 
chases of  reindeer  in  Siberia  was  donated  by  philanthropic  individuals. 
On  March  3, 1893,  Congress  made  an  appropriation  of  $0,000  for  that 
imrpose,  which  was  put  to  immediate  use. 

Public  Buildings. — The  several  public  buildings  in  the  Territory, 
located  at  Sitka  and  Wraugel,  have  been  repaired  and  put  in  good 
order  at  a  nominal  cost.  One  of  the  log  houses  at  the  latter  place 
should  be  selected  and  arranged  to  accommodate  the  post-ofBce  busi- 
ness, as  Wrangel  is  a  distributing  office  for  many  points  in  Alaska  and 
British  Columbia. 

Eecommbndations, — The  governor  recommends  that  Congress, 
either  by  joint  resolution  or  by  bill,  empower  the  governor  of  the  Ter- 
ritory to  appoint  a  commission  of  five  members,  who  shall  be  residents 
of  Alaska,  and  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  formulate  amendments  to  the 
organic  act  of  May  17,  18S4,  and  also  to  prepare  a  code  of  laws,  both 
civil  and  criminal,  for  the  government  of  the  Territory,-  which  amend- 
ments and  code  of  laws  shall  be  submitted  to  Congress  for  its  approval. 

The  United  States  district  judge  for  the  district  of  Alaska  and  the 
United  States  attorney  for  the  district  of  Alaska  should  be  members 
of  said  Commission,  to  serve  v/ithout  compensation.  Clerk  hire,  how- 
ever, as  well  as  printing  and  traveling  expenses,  should  be  paid  out  of 
the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  to  an  amount  not  to  exceed  $1,000. 

inspectors  of   coal  mines  in  THE    TERRITORIES. 

By  the  act  of  Congress  approved  March  3,  1891  (20  Stats.,  1104),  the 
President  was  authorized  to  appoint,  at  an  annual  comjiensation  of 
$2,000  each,  a  mine  inspector  in  each  organized  and  unorganized  Terri- 
tory of  the  United  States  wherein  were  located  coal  mines,  the  aggre- 
gate annual  output  of  which  should  be  in  excess  of  one  thoiisand  tons 
per  annum;  no  ai^propriation,  however,  for  payment  of  such  salaries 
was  made. 

In  the  act  of  Congress  approved  July  10, 1892  (27  Stats.,  183),  appro- 
priation was  made  for  salaries,  etc.,  of  three  of  such  officers,  and  there- 
after appointments  were  made  of  inspectors  for  the  Territories  of  Utah, 
New  Mexico  and  Indian  Territory.  Their  reports,  abstracts  of  which 
follow,  show  gratifying  results  of  the  oi)eration  of  the  law: 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     605 

Utah. — The  report  states  tliat  there  are  24  coal  mines  in  the  Terri- 
tory distributed  as  follows:  Summit  County,  10  mines;  Emery,  7;  San 
Pete,  3 ;  Iron,  3,  and  Morgan,  1.  Only  ten  of  these  mines  have  an  output 
of  1,000  tons  per  annum.  They  are  listed,  according  to  their  import- 
ance, in  the  following  order :  Castle  Gate,  operated  by  Pleasant  Yalley 
Coal  Company;  Winter  Quarters,  by  same  company;  Pleasant  Valley, 
by  Union  Pacific  Coal  Company;  "Wasatch,  by  Home  Coal  Company; 
Wilson,  by  Wilson  Brothers;  Adam,  by  Chalk  Creek  Coal  Company; 
Church,  by  James  Eobinson  &  Co.;  Thomas,  by  Gomer  Thomas; 
Thomas  &  Daniels,  by  Hy  Thomas  &  Co.;  and  Deseret,  by  Deseret 
Coal  ancL  Coke  Company. 

A  number  of  changes  to  the  act  of  Congress  approved  March  3, 
1891,  for  the  protection  of  the  miners  in  the  Territories,  are  recom- 
mended in  the  way  of  better  sanitary  arrangements,  inspection,  etc., 
attention  being  called  particularly  to  the  subject  of  shot-firing  in  fiery 
or  dry  and  dusty  mines. 

The  report  notes  the  growing  importance  of  the  asphaltum  indus- 
try in  Utah,  the  total  production  from  1887  to  1892,  inclusive,  being 
7,3030^0  short  tons. 

New  Mexico. — The  mining  inspector  reports  that  the  sanitary  con- 
dition of  the  coal  mines  of  the  Territory  is  much  better  at  the  present 
time  than  it  was  one  year  ago.  The  total  number  of  tons  of  coal  pro- 
duced at  the  different  mining  districts  of  New  Mexico  for  1892  is  580,- 
"559.  The  mine  owners  thus  far  have  failed  to  make  any  returns  to  the 
inspector  of  the  coal  production  for  the  year  1893,  but  he  thinks  it  will 
exceed  that  of  1892  by  several  thousand  tons. 

The  total  number  of  persons  employed  in  and  around  the  mines  June 
30,  1893,  is  estimated  at  1,034;  the  total  amount  of  capital  invested  in 
the  coal  mines  is  $3,571,663.38;  total  number  of  fatal  accidents,  3;  non- 
fatal accidents,  24;  and  number  of  mines  in  operation,  17;  idle,  5; 
worked  out,  2. 

Attention  is  called  to  certain  defects  in  the  existing  law  for  the  pro- 
tection of  the  lives  of  miners  in  the  Territory,  and  various  changes 
therein  suggested. 

Indian  Territory. — The  mining  inspector  states  that  all  things 
considered,  the  mines  in  the  Territory  are  in  good  shape  and  being 
kept  so,  as  is  evidenced  by  the  few  accidents  occuring,  considering  the 
large  number  of  men  employed  and  the  large  output  of  coal.  The 
law  is  operating  satisfactorily,  but  it  is  recommended  that  it  be  so 
amended  as  to  require  that  shot-firers  be  placed  in  every  mine  in  the 
Territory  that  em]Dloys  200  or  more  miners. 


606     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  AND  FOREST  RESERVATIONS. 

By  tlie  acts  of  Congress  approved  September  25,  1890,  and  October 
1, 1890,  respectively  (26  Stats.,  478  and  650),  certain  tracts  of  land  in 
California  were  set  aside,  by  tlie  former  as  public  parks  and  by  the  lat- 
ter as  forest  reservations. 

The  tracts  so  set  aside  were  placed  under  the  supervision  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior,  with  authority  to  prescribe  regulations  for 
the  government  thereof  and  grant  leases  of  land  therein,  but  no  appro- 
priation was  made  to  enable  the  Department  to  protect  said  parks. 

The  land  set  aside  by  act  of  September  25,  1800,  was  desig^lated  by 
the  Department  as  "Sequoia  Park"  and  that  by  the  act  of  October  1, 
1890,  as  "  Yosemite  National  Park  "and  "General  Grant  National  Park," 
and  regulations  were  promulgated  governing  the  same. 

In  October  of  1890  the  Department  brought  to  the  attention  of  the 
Secretary  of  War  the  fact  that  the  great  region  covered  by  said  acts 
had  been  segregated  from  the  public  lands,  and  solicited  the  detail  of 
officers  and  troops  for  the  purpose  of  protecting  it.  This  request  was 
complied  with,  and  the  detail  of  troops  for  the  x)rotection  of  such  jjarks 
has  been  renewed  each  year  to  the  present  time. 

Pursuant  to  authority  conferred  by  section  24  of  the  act  of  Congress 
approved  March  3,  1891  (26  Stats.,  1103),  entitled  "An  act  to  repeal 
timber-culture  laws  and  for  other  purposes,"  the  President  has,  from 
time  to  time,  by  executive  proclamation  (27  Stats.,  947  to  1071),  reserved 
from  entry  or  settlement  and  set  apart  as  forest  reservations  certain 
tracts  of  land  lying  in  Arizona,  California,  Colorado,  New  Mexico, 
Oregon,  and  Washington. 

The  reservations  so  created,  of  which  there  are  about  thirteen  requir- 
ing attention,  embrace  an  estimated  area  of  11,814,400 acres,  and  are  as 
follows,  to  wit : 

"San  Bernardino,"  "Sierra,"  "Trabuco Canyon,"  and  "San  Gabriel" 
in  California,  "South  Platte,"  "Pike's  Peak,"  "White  Eiver  Plateau," 
"Plum  Creek,"  and  "Battlement  Mesa"  in  Colorado,  "Grand  Canyon" 
in  Arizona,  "Pecos  Eiver"  in  New  Mexico,  "Bull  Eun"  in  Oregon, 
and  "  Pacific"  in  Washington.  They  are  placed  ander  this  Department, 
but  no  provision  has  been  made  by  Congress  for  their  j)rotection. 

Numerous  complaints  have  been  received  by  the  Department  of  stock 
men  driving  their  sheep  on  these  reserves,  destroying  the  herbage  and 
setting  fire  to  the  trees;  and  on  the  23d  of  June,  the  Acting  Commis- 
sioner of  the  General  Land  Office  also  called  the  attention  of  the  De- 
partment to  the  necessity  for  protecting  these  reserves,  urging  that 
details  from  the  Army  be  secured  to  look  after  the  same,  until  Congress 
could  make  suitable  provision. 

Accordingly,  the  attention  of  the  Secretary  of  War  was  directed  to 
the  facts  in  the  case,  and  the  request  made  that,  if  practicable,  officers 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     607 

of  the  Army,  witli  a  suitable  number  of  troops,  be  detailed  to  protect 
tbe  several  reservations. 

The  Acting  Secretary  of  War  declined,  however,  to  mal^e  the  de- 
tails desired,  basing  his  refusal  upon  an  opinion  of  the  Acting  Judge- 
Advocate-General  of  the  Army  to  the  effect  that  the  employment  of 
troops  in  such  cases  and  under  the  circumstances  described  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior,  not  being  expressly  authorized  by  the  Con- 
stitution or  by  act  of  Congress,  Tvould  be  unlawiiil. 

These  reservations  remain,  therefore,  by  reason  of  such  action,  in  the 
same  condition,  as  far  as  protection  is  concerned,  as  unreserved  i)ub- 
lic  lands  and  are  only  afforded  such  protection  from  trespass  and  fire  as 
can  be  furnished  with  the  limited  means  at  the  command  of  the  General 
Land  Oijfice.  A  bill,  however,  is  now  pending  in  Congress  which  pro- 
vides adequate  means  for  the  protection  and  management,  by  details 
from  the  Army,  etc.,  of  these  forest  reservations ;  it  has  the  hearty  ap- 
proval of  the  Department,  and  its  early  enactment  as  a  law  is  desirable. 

In  the  opinion  of  the  Acting  Judge-Advocate-General  the  legality 
of  the  action  of  the  War  Department  in  the  matter  of  the  existing  de- 
tail of  officers  of  the  Army  for  the  protection  of  the  national  iDark 
created  by  the  act  of  September  25,  1890,  and  the  forest  reservation 
by  the  act  of  October  1, 1890,  is  questioned;  the  details  being  charac- 
terized therein  as  "clearly  an  oversight  on  the  part  of  the  War  De- 
partment at  the  time."  Also  that  "  there  is  no  express  authorization  by 
the  Constitution  or  by  act  of  Congress  for  the  troops  to  be  used  for 
the  purpose  of  executing  the  laws  relating  to  these  reservations,  and  it 
is  therefore  unlawful  to  do  so." 

Such  being  the  case  it  is  quite  probable  that  further  details  for  the 
protection  of  said  parks  will,  unless  specifically  authorized  by  Congress, 
be  denied  by  the  War  Department;  and  to  provide  against  such  con- 
tingency it  is  recommended  that  some  such  provision  as  the  foUow^ing 
may  be  enacted  by  Congress,  to-wit: 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  Congress  assembled,  That  the  Secretary  of  War,  upon  the  request  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior,  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  and  directed  to  maiie  the  necessary 
details  of  troops  to  i^rotect  the  national  parks  and  forest  reservations  established  by 
the  acts  of  Congress  approved  September  twenty-fifth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety, 
and  October  first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety,  respectively,  as  -well  as  the  public 
lands  heretofore  or  that  may  bo  hereafter  set  apart  and  reserved  as  public  forest 
reservations  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of 
March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety -three,  from  trespassers  or  intruders  enter- 
ing the  same  for  the  purpose  of  killing  the  game,  or  removing  objects  of  curiosity 
therein  or  for  any  other  purpose  prohibited  by  law  or  regulation,  and  to  remove  such 
persons  from  such  parks  and  reservations,  if  found  therein. 

Yellowstone  Ii^ational  Park.— This  is  a  tract  of  land  near  the 
head  waters  of  the  Yellowstone  Eiver,  in  the  States  of  Montana  and 
Wyoming;  it  is  62  miles  in  length  from  north  to  south,  54  miles  in 
width  from  east  to  west,  and  contains  about  3,348  square  miles;  the 
average  altitude  is  about  8,000  feet. 


608     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

It  appears  from  the  acting  superintendent's  report  that  tliere  AYas  a 
substantial  increase  of  travel  through  the  park  during  the  last  sea- 
son, and  that  despite  the  late  spring,  consequent  ux)on  heavy  snows, 
the  travel  for  Juno  of  the  present  year  was  far  better  than  ever 
before  in  that  month.  The  World's  Fair  doubtless  had  much  to  do 
with  such  increase,  as  hotel  registers  show  a  large  majority  of  for- 
eigners from  every  quarter  of  the  globe. 

Leases  in  the  Park. — The  question  of  leases  and  franchises  in  the 
park  has  been  brought  iDrominently  to  the  attention  of  the  Depart- 
ment within  the  past  year.  The  Yellowstone  Park  Association  has 
reduced  its  plant  somewhat,  but  has  given  general  satisfaction  to 
tourists.  It  has  hotels  at  four  points,  viz:  Mammoth  Hot  Springs, 
Fountain,  Lake,  and  Canyon,  and  lunch  stations  at  Norris,  Upper 
Basin,  and  the  Thumb. 

The  association  also  has  under  its  management  the  Cottage  Hotel  at 
Mammoth  Hot  Springs,  for  which  a  lease  was  originally  granted  Helen 
and  Walter  Henderson.  The  place  is  well  managed  and  serves  a  most 
useful  purpose. 

There  is  need  of  a  good  hotel  at  Norris,  as  well  as  at  Upper  Basin, 
and  they  should  be  constructed  without  delay.  The  hotel  site  at  the 
latter  place  is  the  best  in  the  whole  basin,  but  unfortunately  is  within 
the  legal  limit  of  the  Old  Faithful  Geyser.  When  the  existing  law  was 
passed,  prohibiting  the  erection  of  any  hotel  within  one-fourth  of  a  mile 
of  any  geyser  or  other  object  of  interest,  it  was  the  fear  of  Congress 
that  people  or  corporations  would  obtain  proprietary  rights  within  the 
park  and  charge  visitors  for  the  privilege  of  viewing  its  wonders.  The 
progress  of  time  has  removed  all  that  fear,  and  the  law  might  well  be 
repealed. 

Under  the  present  law  the  association  may  only  hold  10  acres  of  land 
under  lease.  This  much  it  already  has,  so  it  could  not,  if  it  would, 
extend  its  accommodations. 

The  law  prohibiting  the  granting  of  leases  for  more  than  10  acres 
of  ground  to  a  single  corj)oration  should  also  be  repealed.  If  these 
changes  are  effected  there  is  a  hope  for  increase  in  both  hotel  and 
transportation  accommodations  that  would  add  greatly  to  the  pleasure 
and  comfort  of  tourists. 

After  an  existence  of  more  than  twenty-one  years  the  boundaries  of 
the  park  still  remain  undetermined  by  marks.  The  locating  and  mark- 
ing off  of  its  boundaries  is  of  much  importance,  and  the  work  should 
be  entered  upon  at  the  earliest  practicable  moment  and  pushed  vigor- 
ously to  completion.  The  cutting  off  of  any  portion  of  the  park  ought 
not  be  countenanced,  as  the  slightest  encroachment  upon  its  limits 
but  opens  the  door  to  further  dismemberment. 

A  most  disastrous  fire  occurred  near  Norris  in  July,  burning  over  an 
area  7  miles  long  and  in  places  more  than  2  miles  wide;  its  origin  is  not 
definitely  known,  but  it  is  believed  to  have  been  caused  either  by  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR.     609 

carelessness  of  the  men  building  roads  or  of  tourists.  Other  fires  have 
been  started,  but  did  no  damage;  the  penalty  of  expelling  carnxDere 
who  have  failed  to  extinguish  their  fires  will  hereafter  be  strictly  en- 
orced.  Slight  additions  have  been  made  to  the  force  at  some  of  the 
outposts,  but  at  least  two  scouts  are  needed  to  cope  with  the  poachers, 
and  a  special  agent  from  the  Dei)artmeiit  would  be  of  much  service. 

The  suggestion  in  last  year's  report  is  reiterated,  that  a  company  ot 
iufautrj"  should  be  added  to  the  garrison,  and  that  barracks,  mess  room, 
and  stables  should  be  erected.  A  hospital  in  the  course  of  construction 
is  the  only  change  in  military  quarters  within  the  past  year. 

A  new  road  immediately  north  of  I-Torris  is  nearing  comx)letion,  and 
a  new  road  for  a  short  distance  down  the  Gibbon  River  has  been  laid 
out  and  begun.  The  road  between  the  TJpx)er  Basin  and  the  Thumb 
has  been  slightly  repaired,  but  nothing  has  been  done  to  the  causeway 
along  the  lake.  The  new  road  has  been  cleared  of  timber  from  the 
Thumb  towards  Lewis  Lake,  and  will  soon  be  in  a  condition  to  drive 
over;  also  a  short  road  i)assing  by  the  brink  of  the  Upper  Falls.  A 
driveway  has  been  opened  near  the  Grand  Canyon  at  Inspiration  Point. 

The  hotel  service  has  been  very  satisfactory. 

Numerous  applications  for  permits  to  carry  on  transportation  busi- 
ness, are  constantly  made,  but  few  of  the  applicants  are  reliable,  and 
the  transportation  company  whose  service  has  been  good  should  be  pro- 
tected in  its  right  to  most  of  the  park  travel.  It  can  not  be  regarded  as 
a  monopoly,  as  the  rates  are  fixed  by  the  Department.  The  vexed  ques- 
tion of  stop-over  privileges  has  been  satisfactorily  arranged  by  stages 
starting  out  with  a  certain  percentage  of  vacant  seats  ready  to  pick  up 
travelers  who  have  remained  behind  on  a  i^revious  tour.  The  steamer 
on  Yellowstone  Lake  continues  to  give  satisfaction ;  the  boat  comi^any, 
to  whom  such  privilege  was  granted,  keeps  also  small  boats  and  fishing 
tackle  enough  to  accommodate  those  who  wish  to  engage  in  this  sport. 
Authority  may  hereafter  be  granted  for  one  or  more  naphtha  launches 
on  the  lake. 

The  vandalism  of  tourists  has  greatly  decreased,  while  the  regulation 
forbidding  carrying  of  firearms  without  permission  has  been  produc- 
tive of  much  good. 

An  incredible  quantity  of  fish  has  been  taken  from  the  lakes  and 
rivers  but  their  numbers  are  apparently  undiminished.  The  TJ.  S. 
Fish  Commissioner  has  i^romised  to  make  plants  of  the  eastern  brook 
trout  in  Moose  and  Shoshone  creeks. 

Of  the  $500  allotted  from  the  revenue  of  the  park  and  expended  for 
policing  camping  parties,  but  $150  remains.  The  only  money  allowed 
for  the  complete  management  of  the  park  is  derived  from  leases  and 
aggregates  less  than  $1,000  per  year,  an  absurdly  small  sum  for  the 
protection  of  an  area  larger  than  the  State  of  Connecticut.  This  could 
be  remedied  effectually  by  Congress  appropriating  annually  a  sum  suf- 
ficient to  properly  care  for  and  protect  the  park. 
Ab.  93 39 


610     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

In  the  immense  area  of  the  park,  surrounded  as  it  is  by  a  rough  and 
densely  timbered  country,  it  is,  -svith  the  present  force,  impossible  to 
give  to  the  large  game,  such  as  bufialo,  moose,  elk,  bears,  antelope, 
deer,  etc.,  the  protection  they  should  have,  and  two  additional  scouts 
are  badly  needed. 

Poachers  continue  to  give  a  great  deal  of  trouble  and  nothing  less 
than  a  stringent  law  with  severe  penalties,  can  break  up  the  evil.  Con- 
fiscation of  the  outfit  and  ejection  from  the  park,  the  only  i)enalty 
under  existing  regulations,  has  but  little  elfect,  as  the  outfit  is  generally 
worthless. 

Notwithstanding  these  depredations,  the  number  of  buffalo,  moose, 
sheep  and  elk  is  about  the  same  as  last  year.  Bears  are  not  so  numer- 
ous. Antelope,  deer,  beaver,  and  other  small  animals  are  increasing 
and  are  very  tame.  A  number  of  animals  were  sent  to  the  National 
Zoological  Park  in  Washington  last  November,  and  awaiting  shipment 
now  are  4.  elks,  1  deer,  3  beavers,  1  badger,  and  1  porcupine,  beside  a 
cage  of  smaller  animals.  It  would  be  of  great  interest  to  tourists  if 
funds  were  available  for  the  erection  of  an  inclosure  within  the  park  in 
which  to  put  some  specimens  of  the  game  animals  native  to  the  park 
and  vicinity. 

It  is  recommended  that  an  act  be  passed  defining  the  boundaries  of 
the  park  and  i)rovidiug  for  a  complete  survey  and  the  proper  marking 
of  the  boundary  lines  thereof  j  that  a  law  be  enacted  providing  a  suit- 
able system  of  government  of  the  i)ark;  that  the  disposal  of  the  funds 
for  the  construction  of  roads  and  bridges  be  transferred  from  the  Engi- 
neer Corps  of  the  Army  to  the  custody  of  the  acting  superintendent  of 
the  i>arkj  that  appropriations  with  which  to  complete  the  road  system 
as  approved  be  made;  that  approi^riations  also  be  made  for  the  cleaning 
out  of  dead  timber,  collecting  and  keeping  wild  animals,  and  in  general 
for  preserving,  protecting,  and  beautifying  the  park;  also,  that  accom- 
modations be  x)rovided  for  a  company  of  United  States  infantry,  to  be 
detailed  for  that  i)urpose  by  the  Secretary  of  War  and  made  a  part  of 
the  i)ermanent  garrison  in  the  park. 

The  Department  concurs  in  the  recommendation  of  the  acting  super- 
intendent that  an  approimation  of  $5,000  be  made  for  the  i3urchaseof  a 
toll  bridge,  known  as  Baronette's  bridge,  constructed  across  the  Yellow- 
stone Eiver  on  the  wa^on  road  between  Mammoth  Hot  Springs  and 
Cooke  City;  also,  that  an  appropriation  of  $3,000  be  made  to  reimburse 
one  J.  C.  McCartney  for  certain  buildings  and  improvements  erected 
and  made  by  him  on  x)ublic  land  aferward  embraced  in  the  Yellowstone 
National  Park,  said  buildings  having  been  taken  and  used  by  the  United 
States. 

Y()SE3nTE  National  Park.— This  place  is  situated  in  Tuolumne, 
Mariposa,  and  Mono  counties,  California,  comprises  42  townshix)s,  and 
covers  an  area  of  about  1,512  square  miles,  being  36  by  42  miles. 

Capt.  Wood,  Fourth  Cavalry,  acting  sux)erintendent,   states  that 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     611 

trespassing  has  been  less  frequent  within  the  past  year,  but  there  have 
been  a  feAV  cases  of  such  flagrant  violation  of  the  regulations  that 
examples  of  some  severity  were  made  of  the  offenders,  both  sheep 
herders  and  cattlemen,  by  ejecting  them  from  the  park  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  effectively  prevent  repetition  of  the  offence.  Incalculable 
damage  is  done  by  the  trespassing  herds  to  the  young  growth  which 
should  be  fostered  to  replace  the  matured  forest  trees. 

Some  idea  of  the  necessity  for  i)reventing  this  damage  can  be  gath- 
ered when  the  fact  is  considered  that  it  takes  seven  hundred  years  for 
the  sugar  pine  to  mature,  and  two  hundred  and  forty  years  for  the  fir 
to  attain  its  extreme  age.  If  herds  of  sheep  are  permitted  to  enter  and 
graze  in  the  i^ark,  the  military  guard  miglit  as  well  be  withdrawn  and 
the  act  of  Congress  creating  it  repealed. 

Two  fires  occurred  in  the  x)ark  last  year;  the  first  evidently  spread 
from  the  fire  left  by  some  careless  caraj)ing  party  and  did  but  little 
damage;  the  second,  however,  originated  outside  of  the  ijark  in  a  man- 
ner which  could  not  be  determined  by  investigation,  and  was  very 
serious,  burning  over  an  area  within  the  park  about  1  mile  wide  by 
3  miles  long.  It  was  finally  extinguished  by  driving  it  against  the 
South  Fork  of  the  TuohTmne  Eiver. 

The  fall  of  snow  was  unusually  heavy  last  winter.  The  season  has 
been  cool  and  vegetation  about  three  v/eeks  later  than  usual. 

Mining  interests  within  the  park  have  been  very  quiet.  The  owners 
of  some  claims  in  township  3  south,  ranges  25  and  26  east,  to  whom 
authority  was  granted  by  the  Department  to  build  a  road  into  their 
property  upon  Shadow  Creek,  have  thus  far  taken  no  steps  towards 
that  end. 

An  approximate  estimate  only  can  be  formed  of  the  number  of  mining 
claims  in  this  park,  that  number  being  probably  three  hundred  or  more. 
In  this  connection  the  fact  should  also  be  considered  that,  in  addition 
thereto,  there  are  more  than  05,000  acres  in  homestead,  preemption, 
and  timber  claims  within  the  boundaries  of  the  park  owned  by  private 
individuals. 

Former  recommendations  as  to  changing  the  boundaries  of  the  park, 
whereby  the  mines  within  the  park  would  be  excluded,  are  reiterated 
and  renewed,  as  it  is  not  advisable  to  have  features  involving  such  ex- 
tensive imvate  interests,  in  a  national  park  created  for  the  preservation 
of  natural  curiosities  alone. 

There  are  four  toll  road.?,  built  under  the  laws  of  California  and  owned 
by  individuals  and  corporations,  leading  into  Yosemite  iTational  Park, 
three  of  which  find  their  termini  in  the  Yosemite  Yalley  grant,  as  fol- 
lows: First,  the  Big  Oak  Flat  road,  33  miles  long,  20  miles  of  which  are 
in  the  park.  Its  estimated  cost  is  $40,650,  and  toll  charged  about  3  J 
cents  per  person  per  mile.  Second,  the  Coulterville  road,  37  miles  long, 
23  ol  which  are  in  the  park.  Its  estimated  cost  is  885,000,  and  toll 
charged  3  cents  per  person  per  mile.    Third,  the  Wawona  road,  05 


612     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

miles  in  leugtli,  25  of  wliicli  are  in  the  park.  Its  estimated  cost  is 
$75,000,  and  toll  charged  2  cents  per  person  jier  mile.  And,  fourth,  the 
Tioga  road,  56  miles  in  length,  48  of  which  are  in  the  park.  Its  esti- 
mated cost  is  $02,000,  and  the  toll  3i  cents  per  person  per  mile. 

If  it  is  the  policy  of  the  Government  to  purchase  these  roads  and  make 
travel  over  them  free,  as  California  has  done  of  similar  roads  in  the 
Tosemite  Valley  grant,  an  annual  appropriation  of  at  least  $12,000  to 
keep  them  in  repair  will  be  necessary. 

It  is  suggested  by  the  acting  superintendent  of  the  park,  that  if  the 
land  is  maintained  as  a  national  i)ark,  a  guard  of  some  kind  will 
always  be  necessary;  and  until  the  inhabitants  of  the  mountains  and 
foothills  become  habituated  to  the  existing  regulations,  it  will  be 
necessary  for  the  cavalry  branch  of  the  Army  to  furnish  the  guard,  the 
nature  of  the  duties  rendering  it  impossible  for  footmen  to  perform 
them  satisfactorily.  Under  the  present  conditions,  a  permanent  gar- 
rison upon  the  park  is  not  advisable,  but  an  encampment  every  year 
for  five  or  six  months  at  a  point  on  the  main  traveled  road  to  the 
valley  will  accomplish  the  object  of  protecting  the  park. 

Sequoia  and  General  Grant  i^Tational  Parks. — The  Sequoia 
Park  is  a  tract  of  land  in  Tulare  County,  Cal.,  shaped  like  a  letter  Z, 
and  contains  about  252  square  miles;  the  General  Grant  Park  is  in 
Mariposa  County,  Cal.,  and  contains  about  4  square  miles. 

Capt.  James  Parker,  Fourth  Cavalry,  acting  superintendent  Sequoia 
and  General  Grant  i)arks,  reports  that  there  has  been  no  difficulty 
this  year  in  keeping  the  parks  free  fro-^i  sheex)  and  cattle,  or  in  j)re- 
venting  forest  fires.    The  game  in  the  parks  has  increased. 

Attention  is  called  to  the  peculiar  shape  of  the  park,  taking  in  as  it 
does  sections  of  territory  entirely  separate,  distinct,  and  inaccessible 
one  from  the  other,  and  which  increases  enormously  the  difficulties  of 
patrolling  and  guarding  the  park.  Owing  to  the  peculiar  conforma- 
tion of  the  park  no  place  exists  within  its  confines  where  it  is  x>racti- 
cable  to  obtain  a  fair  camp  for  troops,  accessible  by  wagons,  and  the 
unusual  spectacle  is  therefore  afforded  of  troops  detailed  to  guard 
the  park  being  obliged  to  establish  their  main  camp  on  land  outside  of 
its  limits,  sometimes  owned  by  private  parties,  and  occupied  by  the 
troops  at  the  will  and  pleasure  of  the  former.  The  main  or  supply 
camp  must  be  established  on  a  wagon  road,  since  by  wagons  alone  the 
quantities  of  forage  and  rations  necessary  for  the  troops  can  be  deliv- 
ered, and  this  main  camp  must  be  established  either  at  or  near  Three 
Elvers  or  near  Mineral  King,  either  on  the  east  or  west  side  of  the 
park. 

A  detachment  of  troops  is  necessary  to  guard  the  Grant  Park,  another 
to  guard  the  northern  district,  and  one  to  protect  the  southern  district. 
These  outposts,  at  from  two  to  four  days'  march  from  the  main  camp,  are 
reached  by  difficult  trails  and  supplied  by  the  pack  train. 

The  troop  of  50  men  detailed  to  protect  the  park  is  divided  into 
one  large  detachment  and  three  or  four  small  ones. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     613 

The  acting  suijerintendent,  iu  liis  report,  calls  special  attention  to 
the  Giant  Forests,  ^^hich  occupy  an  area  of  about  3  miles  square, 
and  contains  a  dense  growth  of  trees,  mainly  redwood,  giant  sequoia, 
and  sugar  pine,  the  trunks  of  the  former  being  from  15  to  25  feet  in 
diameter.  I^early  all  these  trees  tower  300  feet  or  more  above  the 
ground,  dwarfing  by  their  majesty  even  the  hills  they  stand  upon.  This, 
perhaps  the  most  magnificent  body  of  timber  in  the  world  and  the  main 
attraction  of  the  iDarh,  is  practically  inaccessible  to  visitors,  the  Gov- 
ernment having  allowed  the  road  which  leads  toward  it,  and  which  is  said 
to  have  cost  the  Kaweah  Colony  $30,000  to  construct,  to  fall  into  ruin. 
He  recommends  that  an  appropriation  of  85,000  be  made  to  repair  that 
road,  of  $30,000  for  extending  it  to  the  Giant  Forests,  and  of  $4,000  for 
the  construction  of  necessary  bridges — a  total  of  $39,000  being  thus 
required. 

The  report  further  states  that  while  the  natural  wonders  of  the 
Yosemite  Valley  State  Park,  which  is  under  the  control  of  the  State 
of  California,  have  been  made  accessible  and  large  sums  are  annually 
voted  for  road-building  in  the  Yellowstone  Park,  not  a  cent  has  ever 
been  spent  on  Sequoi^i  Park.  He  recommends  the  expenditure  of 
$3,200  in  the  construction  of  trails,  and  $1,G00  for  inclosing  General 
Grant  Park,  a  small  reservation  2  miles  square,  with  a  wire  fence,  to 
stop  tlie  continual  depredations  of  cattle  5  and  a  future  annual  expendi- 
ture of  $3,000  for  making  general  repairs  to  roads  and  trails.  It  is 
urged  that  Sequoia  Park  be  enlarged  by  Presidential  order,  as  was 
done  in  1891  in  the  case  of  the  Yellowstone  Park,  by  including  within 
it  the  portion  of  the  forest  reserve  on  the  east,  and  that  Sequoia  and 
General  Grant  Parks  be  thereafter  consolidated  under  the  name  of 
"Sequoia  Park." 

Hot  Springs  Eeservation. — The  report  of  the  Superintendent 
of  Hot  Springs  shows  a  gratifying  condition  of  the  affairs  of  that  reser- 
vation. The  Government's  interest  in  the  Hot  Si^rings,  over  which 
the  Department  has  control,  includes  the  four  mountain  reservations 
(Hot  Springs  Mountain,  North  Mountain,  Sugar  Loaf  Mountain,  and 
West  Mountain),  comprising  900.63  acres.  These,  by  the  act  of  June  16, 
1880,  were  forever  reserved  from  sale  and  dedicated  to  use  as  public 
parks,  as  were  also  the  unsold  Government  lots,  156  in  number,  situated 
in  different  parts  of  the  city. 

The  hot  springs,  which  are  71  iu  number,  and  vary  in  temperature 
from  77°  to  157°,  all  issue  from  the  west  side  and  base  of  the  Hot  Springs 
Mountain. 

Free  Bath  House. — The  superintendent  reports  to  the  Department 
that  the  free  baths  are  well  patronized,  the  average  number  given  daily 
being  about  GOO.  The  bathing  pools  are  constructed  of  solid  masonry 
and  concreted,  and  are  in  fairly  good  repair;  but  the  concrete  floors  in 
the  sweating  rooms  are  in  bad  condition,  and  need  to  be  replaced 
with  new  floors  of  better  workmanship.    The  heating  apparatus  has 


614     REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

never  been  completecf.,  no  radiators  ever  liaving  been  furnislied  for 
tlie  second  story  5  neither  lias  tlie  building  ever  been  fitted  for  gas  or 
electricity. 

Much  inconvenience  is  caused  by  the  want  of  a  proper  system  of 
liot  water  and  cooling  tanks  for  tliis  house,  the  present  supply  being 
entirely  of  hot  water  from  one  of  the  hottest  springs  with  no  means  of 
tempering  it  for  immediate  use.  Improvements  are  recommended  for 
rectifying  the  trouble. 

The  efficacy  of  these  baths  in  ciu-ing  diseases  has  been  much 
hampered  and  hindered  by  the  order  iDermittiug  their  promiscuous 
use.  The  capacity  of  the  house  is  not  sufficient  to  bathe  above  30O 
persons  daily,  allowing  each  one  sufficient  time  in  the  baths  and  sweat- 
ing rooms  to  receive  the  benefits  which  the  use  of  this  water  is  sup- 
loosed  to  give.  Overcrowding  by  persons  who  use  these  baths  only  as 
a  matter  of  economy  is  both  unjust  and  uncharitable  to  the  actually 
indigent  population,  for  whose  protection  this  house  was  constructed 
and  is  maintained,  and  they  are  always  present  and  soliciting  this 
charity  from  the  Government  in  sufficient  numbers  to  tax  the  capacity 
of  the  house. 

Arlington  Hotel. — Tliis  excellent  structure,  erected  by  a  private 
corporation,  under  lease  authorized  by  act  of  Congress,  was  completed, 
and  opened  to  the  public  on  March  25,  1803,  and  contains  300  guest 
chambers,  handsomely  furnished.  The  hotel  is  provided  with  all  the 
modern  improvements,  and  the  cost  of  the  building  and  furnishings  is 
given  at  S400,000. 

Bath  Houses  on  the  Eeservation. — The  Arlington  bathing  estab- 
lishment was  built  in  connection  and  opened  contemporaneously  with 
the  Arlington  Hotel.     It  has  40  tubs  and  cost  approximately  853,000. 

Other  bath  houses  are  the  Imi^erial,  constructed  of  stone,  containing 
25  bathing  rooms,  including  an  electric  bath  and  room  for  both  ladies 
and  gentlemen,  and  12  vapor  rooms,  etc.  (cost  $34,000)5  Lamar  bath 
house,  frame  building,  in  good  repair,  40  tubs;  Eamelsburg  bath 
house,  brick  building,  old,  in  need  of  repairs,  18  tubs;  Ozark  bath 
house,  frame  building,  in  fairly  good  repair,  22  tubs;  Magnesia  batli 
house,  frame  building,  in  need  of  repairs,  30  tubs;  Horseshoe  bath 
house,  frame  building,  in  need  of  repairs,  30  tubs;  Palace  bath  house, 
frame  building,  refitted  and  refurnished,  23  tubs;  Maurice  ba.th  house, 
frame  building,  rebuilt  and  refurnished,  21  tubs;  Old  Hale  bath  house, 
stone,  brick,  iron,  and  wood,  handsomely  fitted  up  (cost  of  buildfiig 
$25,000),  2G  tubs;  Superior  bath  house,  brick  building  in  good  repair, 
16  tubs. 

Bath  Houses  off  the  Eeservation. — The  bath  houses  located 
off  the  reservation  in  the  city  of  Hot  Springs,  and  supplied  with  hot 
water  from  the  springs  on  the  reservation,  are  as  follows:  Eastman 
bathhouse,  constructed  of  brick,  in  good  repair,  40  tubs;  Park  bath 
house,  brick,  in  good  repair,  40  tubs;  Alhambra  bath  house,  brick 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


615 


(cost  $50,000),  in  good  repair,  40  tubs;  Xew  Hot  Si')rmgs  batli  house, 
Btone  aud  brick,  situated  on  Fountain  street,  not  yet  quite  completed 
(estimated  cost,  $35,000),  16  tubs;  Eockafellow  bath  house,  frame  build- 
ing, in  fairly  good  reiiair,  20  tubs;  Avenue  bath  house,  situated  in 
Avenue  Hotel  building,  recently  refitted,  20  tubs;  St.  Joseph's  Infirm- 
ary, used  in  connection  with  the  infirmary,  4  tubs. 

The  following  list  shows  the  bath  houses  andbath-house  sites  on  and 
off  the  reservation,  for  which  leases  have  been  granted  since  the  passage 
of  the  act  of  March  3,  1891 : 


Name  of  bath  house. 


Date  of  com- 

men  cement 

of  lease. 


Term. 


Lessees. 


On  the  reservation. 


Superior Sept.  15. 1891    Five  years 

Arliugton  Hotel |  Mar.    3, 1892    Twenty  years . 


New  Rector do 

Maurice    !  Jan.    1,1892 

Eammelsberg ' do 

Lamar do 

Horae.sboe ' do 

Magnesia ' do 

Ozark ' do 

Imperial ' do 

Palace ' do 

Old  Hale I  Jan.     1,1893 

Site    B    (for     colored! do 

people). 

Site  15 do 

Site  16 !....do 

Sraithmeyer  (site) I  Mar.    2, 1893 

Off  the  reservation. 

St.  Joseph's  Infirmary.  Jan.    1, 1892 

Avenue I do 

Eastman |  May  12, 1892 

Park ' do 

Rockafellow ;  July    1 .  1892 

New  Hot  Springs Jan.    1, 1803 

Waverly Mar.  24, 1893 


...do 

Five  years 

Seven  years  . . 

Five  years 

Three  years . . . 

do 

Five  yeara 

Fifteen  years  . 

...do  

....do 

...do 


..do 
..do 
..do 


Five  years 

Six  years 

Twenty  years 
do 

Three  years  . . 

Ten  years 

Twenty  years 


Eobert  Proctor,  L.  D.  Cain. 

S.  H.  Stitt  &  Co.  (Samuel  H.  Stitt,  Samuel 

W.  Fordyce,  Albert  B.  Gaine.s). 
H.  M.  Rector,  Mary  E.  Fellows. 
Charles  E.  Maurice,  Charles  G.  Converse. 
George  H.  Buckstalf. 
Morris  C.  Tombler. 
Albert  B.  Gaines. 
Charles  B.  Piatt. 

George  G.  Latta,  Louis  H.  Carhart. 
James  L.  Barnes,  Charles  N.  Six. 
Samuel  W.  Fcrd^'ce. 
Logan  H.  Roots,  George  H.  Eastman. 
Ferdinand  Havis. 

James  Mix. 
William  P.  Walsh. 
Heni-y  M.  Cooper. 


Sister  Mary  Aloysins. 
Avenue  Hotel  Company. 
New  York  Hotel  Company. 
Park  Hotel  Companv. 
Charles  N.  Rockafellow. 
Mark  J.  and  C.  H.  V.  Smith. 
Waverly  Hotel  Company. 


The  Government's  annual  income  from  water  and  gTound  rents  is 
estimated  at  816,780,  and  the  regular  expenditures,  not  including  fuel 
and  lights,  are  86,400,  making  the  total  net  income  from  the  hot  springs 
810,380,  held  and  expended  by  the  Department  in  carrying  on  improve- 
ments on 'the  Hot  S^Drings  Eeservation. 

Four  other  leases,  three  on  the  reservation,  sites  15,  10,  and  B,  and 
one  off  the  reservation,  the  '' Waverly,"  have  been  granted  by  the 
Department,  on  which  no  bath  houses  have  j-et  been  erected,  and  no 
water  supplied  or  water  rent  collected;  when  these  become  operative 
(if  they  should)  the  Government's  net  income  from  the  hot  springs  would 
be  about  812,500  annually. 

Impoundi^^g  Keservoir  and  Pumping  Station. — The  building 
and  machinery  of  the  j)umping  station  are  receiving  the  necessary 
attention  for  their  proper  protection  and  preservation,  and  are  at 
present  in  good  condition ;  the  plant  has  not  been  in  operation,  however, 
since  its  comj)letion,  June  8, 1891,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  bath  houses 
on  the  reservation  are  supplied  with  water  by  gravity. 


616     EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

The  imx)oiiucling  reservoir  or  piimpiug  station  is  serving  a  valuable 
and  useful  purpose  in  collecting  and  preserving  a  large  body  of  bot 
water  wbich  can  not  be  collected  or  made  available  at  a  bigher  level, 
and  wbich  will  bave  to  be  drawn  on  to  furnisb  water  to  bouses  to  be 
erected  under  existing  leases,  wbicb  are  not  yet  supplied  witb  water, 
and  also  to  supply  water  under  sucb  leases  as  may  bereafter  be 
granted. 

Tbe  Hot  Springs  Creek  Arcb,  a  covered  waterway  tbrougb  wbicb 
tbe  creek  runs,  was  tbe  first  improvement  made  at  Hot  Springs  by  tbe 
Government.  It  is  in  tbe  center  of  tbe  valley,  tbe  cbief  street  of  tbe 
town,  and  being  a  part  of  tbe  bigbway  itself,  continues  to  serve  tbe 
useful  x)urpose  for  wbicb  it  was  constructed. 

ImprovEjMENT  of  Hot  Springs  Eeservation. — Tbe  report  of 
Lieut.  Eobert  E.  Stevens,  U.  S.  Army,  in  cbarge,  sbows  tbat  tbe 
public  work  on  tbe  Government  reservation  at  Hot  Springs,  Ark.,  was 
inaugurated  under  instructions  of  tbe  Secretary  of  tbe  Interior  of  May 
31,  1892,  and  bad  for  its  object  tbe  imiDrovement  of  tbese  grounds 
witb  a  view  to  tbeir  application  to  use  as  public  parks  in  connection 
witb  Hot  Springs  as  a  bealtb  resort,  in  accordance  witb  tbe  act  set- 
ting tbese  lauds  aside  as  a  permanent  reservation. 

Tlie  funds  allotted  tberefor  consisted  of  a  sx)ecific  appropriation  of 
$5,000  for  parks  and  roads  (act  of  Marcb  3,  1891),  and  of  tbe  sum  of 
§75,000  set  aside  from  tbe  indefinite  fund  for  protection  and  improve- 
ment of  Hot  Springs  Eeservation  (act  of  Marcb  3,  1877),  derived  from 
receipts  from  sales  of  public  lots  in  tbe  city  of  Hot  Springs  and  batb 
bouse  and  bot-water  rents. 

Tbe  work  as  originally  outlined  in  advance  by  tbe  Secretary  of  tbe 
Interior,  for  joerformance  under  tbese  allotments,  consisted  of  tbe  devel- 
opment of  a  systematized  plan  for  tbe  complete  imx^rovement  of  tbe 
reservation  tracts  on  Hot  Springs,  iSTortb  and  West  Mountains,  and 
tbe  execution  of  tbis  plan  as  far  as  it  related  to  tbe  grounds  wbicb 
extend  over  tbe  west  side  of  Hot  Springs  Mountain  and  include  tbe 
section  of  tbe  bot-water  springs  and  tbe  batb-bouse  sites  and  lawns. 
Tbe  Lake  Eeserve,  a  valley  tract  of  about  10  acres  on  Wbittingtou 
avenue,  was  included  under  subsequent  action  of  tbe  Secretary  of  tbe 
Interior,  and  was  assigned  for  improvement  as  a  water  iiark.  Sugar 
Loaf  Mountain,  a  tract  of  about  129  acres,  was,  owing  to  its  remoteness 
from  tbe  springs,  not  included  in  tbe  improvement  plans  and  estimates 
prepared  in  tbe  current  work.  Tbe  different  stages  of  tbis  work  con- 
sisted of: 

First,  tbe  survey  of  tbe  grounds  and  tbe  preparation  of  detail  maps. 
Second,  tbe  preparation  of  tbe  engineering,  landscape,  and  arcbitectural 
plans.  Tbird,  tbe  organization  and  conduct  of  tbe  work  designated  for 
immediate  execution  under  available  means. 

Preliminary  Work. — Tbe  surveys  were  limited  to  tbe  sections 
originally  assigned  for  improvement  by  tbe  Secretary  of  tbe  Interior,  and 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     617 

were  oonclucted  witli  reference  to  tlie  accurate  establisliment  of  per- 
manent lines,  as  well  as  tlie  preparation  of  maps  of  tlie  necessary  de- 
tail to  provide  a  basis  for  any  landscape  or  engineering  operations 
wLicli  might  be  found  desirable  on  the  grounds.  The  survey  work  was 
commenced  June  16,  1892,  on  Hot  Springs  Mountain,  and  continued 
to  completion  of  the  surveys  of  the  tracts  on  West  and  North  Moun- 
tains. They  were  finished,  in  the  main,  about  November  1, 1892,  work 
in  the  mapping  department  being  continued  until  March  1,  1893. 

The  plan  for  the  improvement  of  each,  mountain  was  based  upon  a 
system  adapted  to  its  location  with  reference  to  the  bathing  centers 
and  its  special  resources  as  to  public  accommodation  and  benefit  in  con- 
nection with  the  waters  of  the  springs. 

Work  Performed. — This  involved,  in  addition  to  the  surveys,  the 
execution  of  the  base  lines  of  the  work  on  the  foreground  of  Hot 
Springs  Mountain,  and,  up  to  the  date  of  this  report,  included  the  out- 
lining of  the  main  roads  and  drives  over  a  distance  of  about  a  mile, 
and  the  improvement  of  the  park  along  the  bath-house  front,  with  a 
concrete  x^romenade  14  feet  wide,  and  cross-walks  of  the  same  material 
to  the  bath  houses,  with  electric-car  landings  at  crossings. 

Work  on  hot-water  sources  and  supply  included  the  arching  in  of 
about  ten  bot-water  springs,  and  the  removal  of  exposed  supply  iiipes 
and  their  location  in  covered  trenches. 

Hot  Springs  as  a  Public  Health  Eesort.— Tlie  complete  im- 
provement of  the  public  grounds  of  Hot  Springs,  Ark.,  and  the  develop- 
ment of  its  bathing  interests  is  presented  and  recommended  both  as  a 
means  of  giving  full  scope  to  the  sanitary  resources  of  its  climate  and 
waters,  and  of  developing  the  value  of  the  important  public  interests  of 
the  reseivation. 

Condition  of  the  fund  allotted  for  the  work. 
Total  of  current  allotment $80,000.00 

EXPENDITURES. 


^ 


Park  improvements,  roads,  drainage,  base  lines  of  jiarks  and 

entrances ^2, 197.  6i 

Water  supply,  springs,  pipes,  etc 2,  778.  56 

Total  expenditures  to  June  30,1893 44,976.20 

Balance  then  remaining  available  for  completion  of  entrances  and 
roads  on  the  foreground  of  Hot  Springs  Mountain 35,  023.  80 

ESTIMATES. 

Improvements  required  and  siiecially  recommended  for  early  provision  by 
the  Department  by  allotment  from  receipts  of  hot-water  rents,  free  bath- 
house cooling  tanks,  protection  of  springs,  pipe  trench,  etc. 9,  719.  44 


618     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

Suhmission  of  eiitimates  of  ^yroposed  improvements  for  which  ajypropriaiions  h;j  Congress 
will  he  necessary,  as  recommended  l)y  llohert  E.  Stevens,  engineer  in  charge  Hot  Springs 
improvements. 

Hot  Springs  Mountain: 

Roads,  walks,  drainage,  fountains,  pa^•ilious,  electric  lights,  etc $35,323.85 

West  Mountain : 

Roads,  walks,  pavilions,  shelter  buildings,  drainage,  etc 32,650.60 

North  Mountain: 

Roads,  etc 12,700.00 

Lake  reserve  (about  10  acres) 48,  780.  00 

Hot  Springs  Mountain  (264.93  acres) : 

Protecting  wall  along  reservation  front $11,  557.  70 

Fountain  street  creek  arch  and  Casino  building 51,  000.  00 

62,5.57.70 

West  Mountain  (269.4  acres) : 

Parks,  fountains,  pavilions,  shelter  buildings 98,  384.  80 

North  Mountain  (224.74  acres) : 

Walks,  fountains,  drainage,  pavilions,  etc 12,  730.  25 

Hot-water  supply: 

Hot-water  reservoirs  and  pipe  conduits   24,  574.  50 

Creek  arches : 

Arching  creek  on  AVhittington  and  Park  avenues 19,  995.00 

Total  improvements  for  future  development 347, 693. 70 


GOVERNMENT  HOSPITAL  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Established  by  act  of  March  3,  1855  (10  Stats.,  682).  Managed  by  board  of  vis- 
itors (nine  citizens  of  the  District  of  Columbia)  api)ointed  by  the  President.  Pro- 
vided for  by  Congressional  approijriation,  the  expenditure  of  which  is  under  the 
supervision  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior.  The  institution  has  an  area  of  350 
acres  of  land,  known  as  St.  Elizabeth,  from  title  of  original  grant;  also  outlying 
agricultural  lands  of  an  extent  upwards  of  450  acres.  The  hospital  buildings  for 
the  care  of  the  insane  are  nine  in  number,  viz :  The  main  hospital  building,  the 
west  lodge  for  colored  males,  the  east  lodge  for  colored  females,  the  "Howard 
hall  for  criminal  and  homicidal  cases,  the  home  for  soldiers  from  the  National 
Homes  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers,  the  Atkins  hall  for  workingmen,  the  re- 
lief building  for  chronic  cases,  the  Toner  building,  an  infirmary  for  the  sick,  and 
the  Burrows  cottage  for  private  female  i:)aticnts ;  the  normal  capacity  of  these  build- 
ings is  about  1,400  i^atients.  In  addition,  there  are  not  less  than  twenty  buildings 
ucccssarj'-  adjuncts  in  the  proper  administration  of  the  institution.  The  estimated 
cost  of  the  entire  property,  of  which  the  title  is  in  the  United  States,  is  something 
over  a  million  dollars. 

The  report  of  tlie  Board  of  Visitors  discloses  tlic  following  facts  lO- 
gardiug  this  institution: 


REPOKT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     619 

Sinir.nary  of  i)ima1es. 


Males.     Fciiialca.      Total. 


Eemaining  June  30, 1892 

Adniitted'during  the  year  eDcIiug  Juue  30,  1893 

"Whole  number  imcler  ti'catmeiit 

DISCHAEGED. 

Recovered 

Improved 

Unimproved 

Died 

Total  discliargcd  and  died 

Eemaining  Juno  30, 1893 


1,232  3G5  I  1,597 

261  84  345 


1,493 

449 

10 
23 

1 
41 

1,942 

57 

46 

4 

140 

C7 

09 

5 

181 

247 

75 

322 

1,246 

374 

^  1,020 

Three  liundrecl  aud  forty-five  is  the  total  number  of  admissions 
daring  the  year,  and  is  considerably  above  the  average  number  of 
the  i)ast  ten  years,  although  it  has  been  more  than  once  exceeded 
during  that  time;  but  the  number,  1,620,  remaining  June  30,  1893, 
and  the  total  number,  1,912,  under  treatment  during  the  year,  are 
Tvithout  parallel  in  the  hospital  annals.  Of  the  1,G20  persons  in  the 
hospital  at  the  end  of  the  last  fiscal  year,  upwards  of  800  were  from 
the  Army  and  Navy;  the  principal  remaining  classes  being  the  insane 
from  the  District  of  Columbia  and  the  criminal  insane  whose  offenses 
have  been  against  the  United  States.  It  is  probable  that  admissions 
will  continue  to  exceed  discharges,  and  that  for  some  years  to  come 
the  number  of  patients  in  the  hospital  must  be  expected  to  increase 
slowly. 

The  per  cent  of  recoveries  was  hardly  more  than  one-fifth  of  the 
whole  number  of  discharges,  including  deaths.  The  number  of  deaths 
was  ISl,  or  9.32  iDer  cent  of  the  whole  number  under  treatment. 

The  average  age  of  those  remaining  under  care  has  been  each  year 
advancing  by  reason  of  the  preponderance  of  men  from  the  I^atioual 
Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers,  who,  as  a  rule,  when  broken 
down  with  age  and  mental  infirmity,  end  their  days  at  the  hospital. 
The  per  cent  of  mortality,  therefore,  exceeds  that  in  hospitals  whose 
inmates  are  drawn  from  all  classes  of  the  community  in  which  they  are 
situated.     This  will,  in  all  probability,  continue  so. 

The  character  of  the  hospital  as  an  asylum  for  old  and  infirm  soldiers 
is  recognized,  and  accommodations  for  them  of  a  home  character  are 
I)roposed  on  the  land  lately  purchased  for  their  use  and  occui)ation,  and 
which  has  been  designated  "Godding  Croft." 

Two  large  reservoirs  have  been  built  as  an  added  protection  against 
fire,  one  near  the  stock  barns  on  the  Shepperd  farm;  the  other,  a  circu- 
cular  brick  basin,  90  feet  in  diameter,  with  a  capacity  of  over  400,000 
gallons  of  water,  is  directly  in  the  rear  of  the  main  building,  contiguous 
to  the  steamer  house  and  convenient  for  use  on  most  of  the  detached 
buildiu  gs. 


620     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

Congress  at  tlie  Inst  session  provided  for  tlie  construction  of  quarters 
for  tlie  separate  care  of  the  epileptic  insane.  Plans  for  the  pavilions 
for  females  have  been  prepared  and  contracts  made  for  their  erection 
during-  the  present  season.  The  intention  is  to  provide  those  for  the 
male  epileptics  during  the  coming  spring.  These,  when  completed,  will 
afford  most  satisfactory  lorovision  for  this  unfortunate  class,  and  wiU 
add  another  to  the  distinct  classes  of  the  insane  who  have  been  pro- 
vided for  in  buildings  esi^ecially  arranged  for  their  treatment,  demon- 
strating the  enlightened  progress  of  this  hospital  in  the  management 
of  those  committed  to  its  care. 

The  estimates  for  exxDenditures  of  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1895,  are: 

Current  expenses $363,  000 

General  repairs  and  improvements 16,  000 

Additional  accommodations,  viz,  cottages  for  -workingmen 4,  480 

.'Mccial  repairs  and  improvements: 

Rebuilding  macliine  and  cabinet  sliop 7,  000 

For  detacbed  kitcben  for  Toner  building 2,  210 

For  electric  plant 10,  000 

Total 402,720 

The  estimate  for  current  expenses  is  for  sui)j)ort  in  the  hospital, 
incJuding  treatment  and  clothing,  of  an  estimated  average  number  ot 
1,050  indigent  insane  persons  who  are  by  law  entitled  to  treatment 
there,  viz :  the  insane  of  the  Army  and  Navy,  Marine  Corps,  Revenue- 
Cutter  Service,  National  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers,  the 
indigent  insane  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  the  United  States  con- 
vict insane.  The  basis  of  the  estimate  is  an  annual  per  capita  cost  of 
$220.  Congress  has  for  many  years  divided  the  amount  appropriated 
for  this  between  the  sundry  civil  and  the  District  bills. 

Following  the  ratio  of  pre^'ious  years,  the  increase  in  the  District 
appropriation  being  based  on  the  increase  in  the  number  of  District 
patients  during  the  past  year,  the  amount  in  that  bill  will  be  $96,480, 
leaving  $266,520  to  be  provided  in  the  sundry  civil  bill.  Of  this  it  is 
asked  that  not  exceeding  $1,500  may  be  used  in  defraying  the  expenses 
of  the  return  of  patients  to  their  friends. 

I?€ceij)is  and  expcndHures  for  fiscal  year  ended  June  SO,  1893. 

Receipts  from  all  sources $450,349.54 

Expenditures 424,590.00 

Balance  on  band 25,  759.  54 

COLUMBIA  INSTITUTION  FOR  THE  DEAF  AND  DUMB. 

A  body  politic  and  corporate  created  by  act  of  February  16,  1857  (11  Stats., 
161).  Managed  by  a  board  of  directors,  on  vrbicb  Congress  is  represented  by  one 
Senator  and  two  Representatives.  Supported  in  part  by  Congressional  appropria- 
tions and  in  jiart  by  tuition  fees.      Expenditure  of  Congressional  appropriation 


REPOKT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     621 

under  supervision  of  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  and  admission  of  all  beneficiaries  sub- 
ject to  his  approval.  Area  of  grounds,  100  acres,  located  in  the  District  of  Columbia, 
2  acres  of  wliich  were  at  organization  of  institution  donated  by  Hon.  Amos  Kendall 
and  balance  purchased  by  Congressional  appropriation.  Title  of  entire  property 
vested  in  the  United  States  as  trustee.  There  are  seven  administration  build  iugs 
and  sis  d^vcllings  used  by  corps  of  instructors.     Estimated  cost  of  all  is  $500,000. 

The  report  of  the  president,  Dr.  Edward  M.  Gallaudet,  sets  forth  the 
following  statement: 

The  number  of  pupils  in  all  classes  in  attendance  since  July  1, 1892, 
was  140;  males  93,  females  47.  Eighty-nine  of  them  were  in  the  collegi- 
ate departmeut,  representing  23  States,  the  District  of  Columbia,  and 
Canada. 

Eleven  young  men  and  one  young  woman  were  graduated  from  the 
collegiate  department;  five  young  men  and  one  young  woman  from  the 
normal  or  post-graduate  department. 

The  directors  are  urged  by  the  conference  of  x)rincii>als  and  super- 
intendents of  schools  for  the  deaf  in  the  United  States  and  Canada, 
and  by  the  alumni  association  of  the  college,  to  establish  a  technical 
department,  in  which  may  be  alforded  the  training  necessary  for  the 
application  of  the  arts  and  sciences  to  industrial  ends. 

The  importance  of  such  a  school,  in  which  majiy  of  the  more  intelli- 
gent deaf-mute  youth  of  the  country  may  have  an  opportunity  to  study 
architecture,  practical  chemistry,  electrical  and  mechanical  engineer- 
ing, surveying,  and  such  industrial  branches  as  may  be  found  practi- 
cable, is  strongly  urged,  and  the  directors  give  the  assurance  that,  with 
the  existing  buildings  and  teaching  force  of  the  collegCj  but  a  small 
additional  outlay  would  be  necessary  to  provide  for  the  technical  de- 
partment. 

The  directors  report  that  the  quarters  availablif  for  female  students 
and  pupils  are  in  a  very  much  crowded  condition. 

They  submit  an  estimate  of  $30,000  for  the  enlargement  of  the  build- 
ings, to  provide  for  this  and  the  new  technical  department. 

The  workings  of  the  institution  were  quite  fully  shown  in  an  exhibit 
at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  and  at  the  congresses  upon 
instruction  of  the  deaf,  held  at  Chicago  in  July,  which  were  largely 
attended  by  officers  and  graduates  of  the  institution. 

The  receipts  from  all  sources  for  the  fiscal  year  were  $69,689.92,  and 
the  disbursements  $69,543.86. 

HOWARD  UNIVERSITY. 

A  body  politic  and  corporate,  created  by  the  act  of  March  2,  1867.  Managed  by 
a  board  of  trustees,  on  which  Congress  is  represented  by  one  Senator  and  tvro  Rep- 
resentatives. Supported  in  part  by  funds  from  benevolent  societies  and  in  part 
from  appropriations  by  Congress.  No  tuition  is  charged  except  in  medical  and  law 
departments,  "which  are  in  part  self-supporting.  Expenditure  of  Congressional 
appropriation  is  under  supervision  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior.  Area  of  ground  ia 
about  20  acres,  located  in  the  District  of  Columbia;  title  of  same  inheres  in  trustees. 
There  are  five  administration  buildings  and  five  dwellings  used  by  corjisof  instruc- 
tors.    Estimated  value  of  entire  proxjerty  is  about  $500,000. 


622     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

Tlie  president  of  the  institution  reports  tliat  the  different  depart- 
ments of  the  universitj^,  the  industrial,  normal,  i)reparatory,  collegiate, 
medical,  law,  and  theological,  have  been  in  active  and  successful  oper- 
ation, with  an  attendance  of  512,  and  that  97  have  completed  the 
course  in  their  respective  departments.  The  students  are  from  the 
District  of  Columbia  and  almost  every  State  and  Territory  in  the 
Uniou,  while  some  are  from  Africa,  the  West  IjuUcs,  and  Japan. 

The  appropriation  of  $29,500  in  the  sundry  civil  act  of  March  3, 
1893,  a  report  as  to  the  use  of  which  is  required  to  be  made  annually 
to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  was  expended  as  follows :  For  part  of 
the  salaries  of  the  officers,  professors,  teachers,  and  other  regular  em- 
ployes of  tke  university,  the  balance  being  paid  from  donations  and 
other  sources,  $23,500 j  for  tools,  material,  wages  of  instructors,  and 
other  necessary  expenses  of  the  industrial  department,  $3,000;  for 
library,  books,  bookcases,  shelving,  and  fixtures,  1500;  for  material 
and  apparatus  for  chemical,  x)hysical,  natural  history,  and  laboratory 
work,  8500;  for  repairs  to  buildings,  $1,500  ;  for  improvement  of 
grounds,  $500. 

Attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  the  trustees,  by  reason  of  gifts 
from  the  benevolent  and  transfers  from  their  investments,  have  been 
able  to^erect  a  new  hall  for  the  law  department  and  an  amphitheater 
for  the  medical  department.  A  new  structure  for  library  and  for  anni- 
versary assemblies  as  well  as  Sunday  services  is  greatly  needed,  and 
the  president  further  urges  that  Congress  appropriate  the  sum  of 
$10,000  for  such  purpose,  and  that  the  appropriation  of  last  year  for 
$29,500  be  continued,  making  in  all  $39,500. 

EDUCATION  OF  FEEBLE-MINDED  CHILDREN. 

Under  the  act  of  June  16,  1880,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is 
authorized  to  cause  the  indigent  feeble-minded  children  of  teachable 
age  belonging  to  the  District  of  Columbia  to  be  instructed  in  some 
State  institution  at  a  cost  not  greater  than  that  paid  by  such  State  for 
similar  instruction.  In  pursuance  of  this  authority,  there  were  at  the 
close  of  the  ijrevious  fiscal  year  (1892)  14  feeble-minded  children  under 
instruction  at  the  Pennsylvania  Training  School  for  Feeble-Minded 
Children  at  Elwyn,  Pa.  Ten  were  admitted  and  1  discharged  during  the 
year,  leaving  23*beneficiaries  at  the  institution  on  the  30th  of  June,  1893. 

The  amount  charged  for  instruction  in  this  institution  is  $250  per 
year  for  each  x^crson.  Provision  for  the  payment  for  this  instruction 
is  made  in  the  annual  appropriations  for  the  expenses  of  the  govern- 
ment of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

By  the  act  of  March  3,  1893,  making  appropriations  for  the  cxiienses 
of  the  government  of  the  District  of  Columbia  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  30, 1894,  and  other  purposes,  the  authority  heretofore  given  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  provide  for  and  place  in  a  proper  insti- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.      623 

tution  for  tlieir  instruction  the  feeble-minded  cliildren  of  the  District, 
is  transferred  to  the  Board  of  Childrens'  Guardians,  which  is  under  the 
immediate  supervision  of  the  District  Commissioners. 

MARYLAND  INSTITUTION  FOR  THE  BLIND. 

Under  section  2  of  the  act  of  March  29,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
is  autliorized  to  place  for  instruction  in  an  institution  for  the  blind,  in 
the  State  of  Maryland  or  some  other  State,  the  indigent  blind  childi'en 
of  teachable  age  who  are  children  of  persons  actually  engaged  in  the 
military  and  naval  service  of  the  United  States,  and,  under  section 
4869,  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  the  indigent  blind  children  of  teachable 
age  belonging  to  the  District  of  Columbia. 

In  pursuance  of  this  authority  there  were  at  the  close  of  the  last 
fiscal  year  (1892)  20  blind  children  under  instruction  in  the  Maryland 
Institution  for  the  Blind  at  Baltimore,  Md.;  2  were  admitted  and  2 
discharged  during  the  year,  leaving  20  beneficiaries  at  the  institution  on 
the  30th  of  June,  1893. 

In  addition  to  the  usual  course  of  instruction  in  institutions  of  this 
character  the  advanced  pupils  are  trained  in  vocal  and  instrumental 
music  and  the  theory  of  the  same.  There  are  also  taught  piano  tuning, 
chair  caning,  broom  and  mattress  making,  plain  and  machine  sewing, 
and  lilain  and  faucj''  knitting. 

The  younger  pupils  are  taught  by  kindergarten  methods,  special 
attention  being  iDaid  to  physical  training. 

The  superintendent  reports  that  these  beneficiaries  of  the  Govern- 
ment are  of  average  intelligence,  and  have  made  commendable  progress. 

The  cost  to  the  Government  for  each  pupil  is  $300  per  year,  that 
being  the  cost  of  the  State  of  Maryland  for  similar  instruction.  Pay- 
ment for  the  education  of  the  indigent  blind  of  the  District  of  Columbia 
is  provided  for  in  the  permanent  annual  appropriation  for  that  purpose. 

FREEDMEN'S  HOSPITAL. 

Appropriated  for  and  placed  under  control  of  Secretary  of  War  by  act  of  Marcli  3, 
1871  (16  Stats.,  506) ;  transferred  to  Department  of  Interior  and  placed  nnder  super- 
vision of  Secretary  thereof  by  act  of  June  23,  1874  (18  Stats.,  223).  Occupies  3J- 
acres  of  leased  ground  in  the  District  of  Columbia  on  wliicb  there  are  eight  build- 
ings, six  were  constructed  by  lessor  and  two  at  cost  of  $±,000  under  approjiria- 
tion  by  Congress  therefor.  Five  buildings  used  for  hospital  purposes  have  capacity 
for  250  i)atients,  the  remainder,  three,  are  administration  buildings.  The  title  of 
the  entire  proiierty  is  in  the  trustees  of  Howard  University,  and  its  estimated  value 
is  $304,  000. 

The  report  of  the  surgeon -in-chief,  Charles  B.  Purvis,  M.  D.,  discloses 
the  following  facts : 

The  whole  number  of  patients  admitted :  400  white  males,  111  white 
females,  1,022  colored  males,  and  1,093  colored  femalesj  total,- 2,626,  an 


624     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

increase  of  87  over  last  year.  lu  tlie  dispensary  3,869  persons  were 
prescribed  for.  Surgical  operations,  392.  Upon  recommendation  of  the 
Commissioner  of  Pensions  118  ex-soldiers  were  i^rovided  for.  Three 
pensioners  were  admitted  npon  recommendation  of  the  Secretary  of 
Board  of  Managers  of  National  Soldiers'  Homes.  The  birth  rate  has 
been  large,  numbering  202.  Mnety-oue  cases  of  alcoholism  and  3  of 
diphtheria  Avere  admitted  and  treated.  The  eye  and  ear  clinics  were 
continued  under  the  valuable  services  of  Dr.  E.  Oliver  Belt.  Mrs.  Ada 
Spurgeon  continues  her  mission  work  among  the  sick,  and  has  been  in- 
strumental in  doing  much,  good.  Eeligious  services  have  been  con- 
ducted regularly  by  tl«o  Society  of  St.  Vincent  de  Paul,  a  Catholic 
society.  The  fathers  from  the  Church  of  St.  Augustine  and  the  Eev. 
Edward  Marshall  Mott,  of  Eock  Creek  Church,  are  regular  in  attend- 
ance. 

In  the  bill  making  appropriation  for  the  expenses  of  the  District  of 
Columbia  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1894,  as  it  passed  the 
House  of  Eepresentatives,  was  incorporated  a  clause  placing  the  future 
management  and  control  of  the  liospital  under  the  Commissioners 
of  the  District  of  Columbia,  it  appearing  from  such  action  to  be  the 
intention  of  Congress  to  relieve  the  Department  of  the  Interior  abso- 
lutely of  the  care  of  the  hospital.  The  friends  of  Howard  University, 
with  a  view  to  protecting  the  interests  of  its  medical  department, 
which  was  accorded  certain  clinical  privileges  in  connection  with  the 
hospital,  objected  to  the  management  of  sucb  institution  being  placed 
under  the  control  of  the  Commissioners  of  the  District,  believing  that 
the  interests  of  that  branch  of  the  University  would  not  be  fostered 
and  protected  by  the  transfer. 

As  all  other  hospitals  of  the  city  were  incorporated  and  managed  by 
boards  of  responsible  citizens,  it  was  felt  that,  in  event  of  the  transfer 
being  made,  this  hospital  should  not  be  an  exception  to  the  rule.  To 
that  end  articles  of  incori)oration  of  the  Freedmen's  Hospital  under 
the  laws  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  were  i^repared,  submitted  to  the 
Commissioners  of  the  District,  ax)proved  by  them  and  thereafter  duly 
recorded.  It  was  not  found  necessary  to  act,  however,  under  such,  in- 
corporation, as  by  the  act  of  Congress  approved  March  3, 1893, 
making  appropriation  for  the  expenses  of  the  District  of  Columbia, 
the  suspervision  and  control  of  the  expenditures  only  of  the  hospital 
were  transferred  to  the  Commissioners,  leaving  the  supervision  of  the 
appointments  to  and  the  general  administration  of  the  institution,  as 
heretofore,  with  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS. 

During  the  last  fiscal  year  152,038  documents  were  received  from  the 
Government  Printing  Office  by  the  superintendent  of  documents,  for 
the  use  of  the  Department  and  for  distribution  and  sale.  By  far  the 
larger  portion  of  these  publications  has  been  distributed  to  public, 
college,  and  school  libraries  of  the  country. 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     625 

Three  volames  of  the  reports  of  the  Eleventh  Census  were  received 
by  the  Department  prior  to  July  1,  1893,  viz :  The  Compendium,  Part 
1,  containing  population  statistics;  Eeport  on  Mineral  Industries  in 
the  United  States;  and  Keport  on  Public  Debt.  These  volumes  are 
distributed  chiefly  npon  the  orders  of  Senators  and  Eepresentatives. 

The  exchange  of  Government  publications  among  public  libraries 
has  been  continned  as  far  as  practicable  with  the  force  available  for  the 
worlr.  The  number  of  documents  received  from  libraries  during  the 
year  and  so  made  available  for  supplying  deficiencies  in  other  libraries, 
amounted  to  26,973  volumes. 

Four  volumes  of  United  States  Eeports  were  received  from  the  re- 
porter of  the  Supreme  Court  and  distributed  to  officers  of  the  Govern- 
ment and  to  United  States  judges  and  courts,  as  provided  by  law.  It 
is  evident,  from  the  frequent  applications  for  these  reports  by  courts 
and  departmental  officers  who  cannot  under  the  law  be  supplied,  that 
provision  should  at  once  be  made  for  the  x)urchase  of  a  larger  number 
of  copies  of  this  publication,  that  the  Department  may  be  enabled  to 
meet  these  legitimate  requests. 

Under  the  provision  of  law  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
to  sell  Government  publications  at  cost,  documents  to  the  value  of 
$3,149.38  were  sold  during  the  year. 

Eequisitions  upon  the  several  Executive  Departments  for  statistics 
for  iucoriporation  in  the  Official  Register  for  1893  were  issued  in  June^ 
but  in  consequence  of  delay  in  receiving  returns,  work  on  the  Reg- 
ister did  not  begin  until  September.  The  first  volume  is,  however,  well 
advanced,  and  it  is  hoped  will  be  issued  not  later  than  the  middle  of 
December.  The  second  volume  will  probably  not  be  ready  for  distri- 
bution earlier  than  March  or  April  next. 

The  prei)aration  of  a  comijrehensive  index  of  public  documents 
issued  during  the  last  four  years,  the  printing  of  which  was  author- 
ized by  the  last  Congress,  has  received  as  much  attention  as  could 
possibly  be  given  to  this  important  work  by  the  superintendent  of  doc- 
uments. It  is  expected  that  this  index  will  be  ready  for  publication 
during  the  winter. 

ARCHITECT  OF  THE  CAPITOL. 

The  architect  reports  that  the  i)rincipal  improvements  have  been 
the  extension  of  the  platforms  in  the  Hall  of  Representatives  to  give 
additional  seating  capacity  for  the  increased  number  of  members;  the 
extension  of  the  Senate  kitchen;  the  construction  of  additional  coal 
vaults,  and  the  rearrangement  of  the  plumbing  throughout  the  building. 

The  marble  bust  of  Elbridge  Gerry  has  been  received  and  added  to 
those  of  the  Vice-Presidents  of  the  United  States. 

The  new  apartment,  16  by  54  feet,  for  the  Senate  kitchen  has  been 
Ab.  93 40 


62 G     REPOKT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

constructed  uuder  tlie  pavement  of  tlie  open  court;  at  tlie  east  front, 
bet^ve8n  tlie  Senate  wing  and  the  old  building,  the  walls  and  ceilings 
are  incased  with,  glazed  tile  and  bricks  and  the  whole  supplied  with 
an  outfit  of  the  most  approved  cooking  apparatus. 

The  coal  vaults,  built  under  the  pavement  and  grass  plat  at  the  east 
front,  have  a  capacity  for  the  storage  of  800  tons  of  coal.  Automatic 
steam  regulators  and  draft  valves  liave  been  connected  witb  the  steam 
boilers  and  the  smoke  flues  of  the  boilers  used  for  the  Senate. 

The  electric-lighting  system  has  been  extended  to  the  document 
rooms  in  the  attic  story  of  the  Senate  wing  and  to  various  committee 
rooms,  so  that  now  the  dynamos  are  taxed  nearly  to  their  utmost 
capacity.  The  architect  renews  the  recommendation  made  in  previous 
reports  that  the  Government  purchase  the  electric-ligliting  i^lant, 
instead  of  renting,  as  at  present.  An  unusual  amount  of  i)ainting,  plas- 
tering and  repairs  has  been  done,  made  necessary  by  the  cutting  of 
walls,  ceilings,  and  floors  in  the  v^arious  rooms  tliroughout  the  building, 
in  which  the  sanitary  improvements  have  been  made. 

Of  the  appropriation  of  $97,469.06  made  in  the  sundry  civil  aj)pro- 
priation  act  of  August  5,  1892,  for  the  above-mentioned  improvements, 
there  is  an  unexx)ended  balance  of  $25,932.30;  the  work,  however,  is 
nearly  comi:)leted  and  has  been  done  in  the  best  possible  manner. 

Steam  coils  have  been  iflaced  in  the  corridors  and  in  many  of  the 
rooms  of  the  terraces  where  heat  is  required,  and  copper  roofs  have 
been  built  over  the  a.rchives  under  the  north  and  south  steps,  for  tlio 
better  x3rotection  of  the  corridors  below. 

The  artificial  concrete  walks  and  roads  in  the  Gapitol-  grounds  have 
been  repaired  and  a  quantity  of  asphaltic  roadway  laid  upon  the  west 
idaza;  the  gravel  carriageways  have  also  been  repaired  and  are  in  good 
condition.  The  trees  and  shrubbery  have  been  x^roperly  x)runed  and 
trimmed  and  are  in  good  condition.  Attention  is  invited  to  the  unfin- 
ished state  of  the  lawn  west  of  the  House  wing  of  the  Capitol,  and 
necessary  appropriation  for  its  completion  urged. 

In  the  court-house  a  toilet  room  with  the  necessary  x>luinbing  has 
been  fitted  up  east  of  the  criminal  court  room,  for  use  of  the  clerk's 
office.  The  wooden  floor  of  the  western  court  room  has  been  extended 
to  cover  the  entire  area  of  the  room  and  a  platform  has  been  constructed. 
A  room  at  the  south  end  of  the  east  wing  has  been  prepared  for  the 
judges'  retiring  room. 

The  interior  of  the  building  has  been  kept  in  thorough  repair,  and  the 
heating  api^aratus  and  steam  machinery  have  been  put  in  good  condi- 
tion. The  exterior  of  the  building  is  in  an  unsightly  and  dilapidated 
state  and  badly  in  need  of  paint  and  other  repairs. 

At  the  Botanic  Gardens  two  propagating  houses  and  the  cool  orchid 
house  have  been  reconstructed.  The  wings  of  the  large  conservatory 
have  been  regiazed  and  painted. 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECEETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     627 

A  new  steam  boiler  lias  been  provided  for  the  building  and  one  of 
tlie  loiopagating  houses. 

General  repairs  have  been  made  to  the  heating  apparatus  and  to  the 
propagating  houses  and  to  the  concrete  walks  of  the  garden. 

The  main  roof  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  has  been  repaired  and 
new  roofs  placed  on  the  towers.  The  copper  gutters  have  been  repaired 
and  copper  rain  pipes  substituted  for  those  of  tin,  which  were  in  a  state 
of  decay.  The  bay  of  rooms  at  the  southeast  portion  of  the  cellar  story 
are  being  rendered  available  for  office  purposes  by  lowering  the  floors 
and  increasing  the  size  of  the  windows.  The  plumbing  and  drainage 
of  the  eastern  end  of  the  office  has  been  rearranged  and  imi)roved.  The 
one-story  building  for  a  file  room  of  the  Court  of  Claims  has  been  com- 
pleted and  furnished  with  file  cases  at  a  cost  within  the  amount  appro- 
I)riated  by  act  of  Congress  approved  May  13,  1892. 

MARITIME  CANAL  COMPANY  OF  NICARAGUA. 

The  annual  report  from  this  comx:)any  is  not  required  until  the  first 
Monday  in  December,  but  I  have  been  advised  that  no  progress  has 
been  made  in  the  work  during  the  x)ast  twelve  months. 

DEPARTMENT  EXHIBIT  AT  THE  V/ORLD'S  FAIR. 

Of  the  total  appropriation  of  $939,000  for  the  exhibit  of  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States  at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  15  per 
cent  ($140,850)  was  allotted  to  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  less  5  -pev 
cent  to  the  boa,rd  of  management  for  common  exijenses,  making  the 
amount  actually  available  $133,807.50.  This  sum  was  expended  as  fol- 
lows : 

Amount  actually  available $133, 807. 50 

Expenses  of  representative,  cliief  special  agent,  and  depart- 
mental office $7,  851.  54 

General  installation  expenses  cliarged  to  tlie  Department 1,  618. 42 

Esliibit  General  Land  Office 8,'777.07 

Exhibit  Indian  Bureau 9,  703. 55 

Exhibit  liurean  of  Education 8,  408.  04 

Exhibit  Patent  Office 20,053.35 

Exhibit  Geological  Survey 20,  812.  54 

Exhibit  Census  Office 2.220.22 

Alashan  exhibit 6,273,94 

Big  Tree  exhibit 10,528.51 

Total  expenditure 96, 247. 18 

Unexpended  balance  July  1,  1893 37,560.32 

To  this  should  be  added  a  specific  appropriation  of  $25,000,  made  to 
the  Indian  Bureau  for  an  exhibit  of  the  Indian  schools. 


628     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

Ill  tlie  Goverumeut  building  about  26,000  square  feet  of  space  Tvas 
assigned  to  the  Department  of  tbe  Interior.  This  space  \ras  occupied 
as  follows: 

FLOOU   SPACE. 

Square  feet. 

Census  Office 1,250 

Bureau  of  Education 3,  300 

Geological  Survey 6,550 

General  Laud  Office «- 3,  950 

Patent  Office 6,650 

Total 21,700 

GALLERY  SPACE. 

Alaskan  exhibit - 3,400 

Offices 500 

Total 3,900 

In  addition,  the  California  Big  Tree  [Sequoia  gigantea)  from  Sequoia 
National  Park,  California,  occupied  the  center  of  the  rotunda  beneath 
the  great  dome,  filled  a  space  approximately  23  feet  in  diameter,  and  con- 
sisted of  a  section  of  the  tree  30  feet  in  height,  taken  at  a  point  30  feet 
from  the  ground.  It  "vvas  hollowed  out  so  as  to  form  two  rooms  connected 
by  a  spiral  stairway,  and  in  the  lower  apartment  were  hung  pictures  rep- 
resenting the  big  trees  in  general  and  the  process  of  cutting  this  one  in 
particular.  This  exhibit  attracted  a  great  deal  of  attention  and  was 
regarded  by  all  as  an  exceedingly  imi^ressive  object. 

A  separate  building  was  erected  for  the  exhibit  of  the  Indian  school 
about  a  mile  from  the  remainder  of  the  Government  display. '  A  large 
proportion  of  the  visitors  to  the  BxiDOsition  sought  out  the  Indian 
school,  the  educational  methods  in  full  operation  being  very  interesting. 

The  Alaskan  exhibit,  prepared  and  installed  by  Lieut.  George  T. 
Emmons,  U.  S.  Navy,  was  of  great  interest. 

The  electrical  tabulating  machines  of  the  Census  Office  display 
attracted  a  good  deal  of  attention,  as  did  also  the  collection  of  maps  and 
statistical  diagrams,  and  the  revolving  globe  20  feet  in  diameter  of 
the  General  Land  Office  exhibit. 

The  exhibit  of  the  Patent  Office,  consisting  largely  of  models  taken 
from  the  cases  at  Washington,  interested  many  visitors. 

The  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  exhibited  i)rincij)ally  the  mineral 
resources  of  the  United  States,  showing  also  a  collection  of  rocks  and 
*ossils  was  so  arranged  as  to  display  the  geology  of  the  entire  country. 
With  the  publications  of  the  Bureau  were  large  transparent  photo- 
graphs on  glass,  and  a  collection  of  instruments  used  in  the  topo- 
graphic and  hydrographic  work  of  the  Survey.  This  display  was  one 
of  the  most  attractive  in  the  building. 

Much  attention  was  given  by  the  foreign  commissioners  and  others 
interested  in   library  administration   to  the  leading  feature  of  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     629 

exliibit  of  tlie  Bureau  of  Education,  wliicli  consisted  of  a  working 
library  selected  by  the  American  Library  Association,  catalogued 
a jcording  to  tlie  latest  ideas  of  librarians,  and  so  mounted  as  to  sliow 
many  different  library  appliances. 

It  is  gratifying  to  know  that  tlie  Exposition  closed  with  an  unex- 
pended balance  of  §29,715.87  to  the  credit  of  the  Interior  Department. 

Xot  more  than  $5,000  will  be  required  to  return  the  exhibits,  and 
about  825,000  can  be  turned  back  into  the  Treasury. 

EXPENDITURES. 

Although  I  believe  that  many  of  the  improvements  proposed  by  the 
various  bureaus  are  wise  and  should  in  future  be  carried  out,  yet,  in 
the  estimate  of  exx)enditures  for  the  Interior  Department,  furnished  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  I  rejected  a  great  majority  of  them.  The 
strictest  economy  should,  at  the  present  time,  control  the  disburse- 
ment of  public  money,  and  I  could  not  consent  to  ask  an  appropria- 
tion of  any  sum  not  immediately  necessary  for  the  conduct  of  i:)ublic 
business. 

EespectfuUy  submitted. 

Hoke  S3nTH, 

Secretary. 

The  President. 


APPENDIX. 


No.  50. 

Department  or  the  Interior, 

WasMngton,  D.  C,  January  7,  1S93. 

Eates— Combining  Eates.    Act  of  June  27,  1890— Order  No.  164. 

HENEY  H.  WEIKE. 

1.  The  basis  of  rates  under  the  act  of  June  27, 1890,  ic  inability  to  earn  a  support 

by  reason  of  incapacity  for  manual  labor  clue  to  disability  not  the  result  of 
vicious  habits. 

2.  Schedule  or  nominal  rates  will  not  be  added  together  to  make  up  a  rate  under 

said  act,  but  the  rate  ■will  be  based  on  the  combined  effect  of  nil  the  causes 
involved  ui^on  the  apj)lieant's  capacity  for  manual  labor. 

[Assistant  Secretary  Bussey  to  tbo  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  January  7,  1802.  ] 

I  return  herewith  the  papers  in  the  case  of  Henry  H.  Weihe,  who  is  receiving  a 
pension  under  certificate  No.  478,173,  on  account  of  rheumatism  and  resulting  disease 
of  lieart. 

The  original  application  alleging  rheumatism  was  filed  April  4,  1887.  In  April, 
1890,  the  claim  was  allowed  for  rheumatism  and  resulting  disease  of  heart  at  $2  per 
month  from  April  4,  1887,  and  $8  from  February  26,  1890. 

October  26,  18D0,  he  filed  an  application  for  increase  and  reratiug,  and  February 
24,  1891,  he  filed  an  application  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  alleging  disability 
from  urinary  trouble,  dyspei>sia,  habitual  constipation,  and  rheumatism,  which 
rendered  him  partially  unable  to  earn  a  support.  Eoth  claims  were  rejected,  from 
which  action  an  appeal  is  taken. 

The  reports  of  medical  examinations  and  the  other  evidence  in  the  case  fail  to 
show  that  any  error  has  been  committed  in  rating  this  disability  resulting  from 
rheumatism.  The  rejection  of  the  claim  for  increase  and  reratiug  is,  therefore, 
affirmed. 

The  report  of  the  medical  examination  had  since  the  application  under  the  act  of 
Juno  27,  1890,  was  filed,  recommends  a  rating  of  --^g  ($8)  for  rheumatism  and  iV  ($4) 
for  diseases  of  urinary  organs,  but  does  not  show  the  existence  of  any  of  the  other 
disbilities  alleged.  The  latter  disease  is  not  shown  to  be  the  result  of  vicious  habits, 
and  the  disability  resulting  therefrom  may,  conserxuently,  be  taken  into  considera- 
tion in  fixing  the  rate  of  pension  under  said  act. 

Conceding  that  $8  is  the  correct  rate  for  the  disability  resulting  from  rheumatism, 
the  question  arises,  is  the  claimant  necessarily  entitled  to  a  higher  rate  because 
another  disability  is  shown  to  exist?  In  other  words,  where  more  than  one  disabil- 
ity is  involved,  sliould  the  rate  which  would  be  allowed  under  the  old  law  for  each 
disability  bo  added  to  the  others  to  determine  the  total  rate? 

The  following  order  (No.  164)  was,  with  the  sanction  of  the  Department,  issued  by 
you  October  15,  1890: 

"That  all  claimants  under  the  act  of  Juno  27,  1890,  showing  a  mental  or  physical 
disability  or  disabilities  of  a  permanent  character,  not  the  result  of  their  own  vicious 
630 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     631 

liat)its,  and  which  inca]7acitate  them  for  the  performance  of  manual  labor,  rendering 
them  unable  to  caru  a  Bupport  in  such  a  degree  as  would  be  rated  under  former  laivs  at 
or  above  $6  and  less  than  $12,  shall  be  rated  the  same  as  like  disabilities  of  service 
origin ;  and  that  all  cases  showing  a  pensionable  disability  which,  if  of  service  origin, 
would  be  rated  at  or  above  $12  per  mouth,  shall  be  rated  at  $12  per  month." 

The  foregoing  order  has  governed  the  practice  of  jour  Bureau  in  the  matter  of  rates 
under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  since  the  date  of  its  issue.  It  appears,  hov/ever,  that 
said  order  as  understood  by  the  Dei)artment  Avhen  approving  it,  may  have  been  miscon- 
strued by  your  Bureau  so  far  as  it  has  been  your  ijractice  to  add  the  separate  nominal 
and  schedule  rates  allowed  for  several  disabilities  in  making  a  rate  under  this  act. 
This  has  resulted  by  reason  of  the  fact  that  it  has  been  your  practice  under  the  old 
law  to  combine  these  rates  where  the  totaldoes  not  exceed  -\l.  The  question  as  to 
the  correctness  of  that  j)ractice  is  not  now  before  the  Department  for  decision.  It 
is  deemed  iiroper  to  state  that  the  Department,  in  approving  said  order  No.  164,  did 
not  intend  that  small  rates  should  be  added  together,  as,  for  example,  three  or  more 
rates  of  xf  in  order  to  make  a  rate  under  the  provisions  of  said  act.  A  man  may 
have  two  or  more  separate  afflictions,  either  one  of  which,  considered  singly,  entitles 
him  to  a  $2  rate  under  the  old  law,  and  yet  in  the  aggregate  they  may  not  disable 
him  for  the  performance  of  manual  labor  to  a  much  greater  degree  than  either  of 
them  existing  alone.  Or  he  may  have  one  serious  disability  and  one  or  more  slight 
disabilities,  the  latter  of  which  do  not  have  any  appreciable  effect  upon  the  degree 
of  iucapacity  for  manual  labor  occasioned  by  the  former. 

The  basis  of  rates  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  is  inability  to  earn  support  by 
reason  of  iucapacity  for  manual  labor  due  to  a  iiermanent  mental  or  physical  disa- 
bility not  the  result  of  vicious  habits.  In  determining  whether  an  applicant  is 
entitled  to  a  rate  under  said  act  for  the  character  of  disability  aforementioned  the 
only  question  is :  Is  he,  from  the  cause  or  causes  involved — be  they  one  or  many — 
disabled  for  the  j)erformance  of  manual  labor  to  the  extent  represented  by  the  frac- 
tional rate  of  -rV.  If  so,  he  is  entitled  to  the  minimum  rate  of  $6.  And  so  on  until 
the  m.aximura  rate  of  $12  is  reached. 

It  is  directed  that  the  views  herein  expressed  be  observed  in  future  adjudications 
of  claims  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890. 

In  the  claim  of  Mr.  Yv'eike,  now  under  consideration,  while  it  is  conceded  that  a 
disability  from  disease  of  urinary  organs  exists  which  alone  vrould  be  ratable  under 
the  old  law,  if  of  service  origin,  it  is  not  believed  that  this  disease  combined  with 
rheumatism  disables  him  for  manual  labor  to  an  extent  which  entitles  him  to  a  higher 
rating  than  $8  per  month.  Rheumatism  is  his  chief  disability.  There  is  no  albu- 
men nor  sugar  in  the  uriue,  aud  in  fact  but  little  if  any  objective  symptoms  of  dis- 
ease of  urinary  organs  other  than  hypertrophy  of  the  prostate  gland.  He  is  evi- 
dently able  to  perform  considerable  manual  labor. 

The  rejection  of  the  claim  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  is  affirmed. 


No.  1. 


Departmext  of  The  Interior, 

Washington,  D.  C,  May  27,  1S9S. 

Act  June  27, 1890— Proper  Basis  of  Rating — Order  164  of  the  Commissioner. 

CHARLES  T.  BENNETT. 

1.  The  basis  of  i^eusion  under  sections  4692  and  4693,  R.  S.,  is  disability  by  reason 

of  wound,  injury,  or  disease  contracted  while  in  the  service  and  in  line  of  duty. 

2.  The  basis  of  pension  under  section  2,  act  June  27,  1890,  is  incapacity,  due  to 

any  permanent  mental  or  physical  disability  not  the  result  of  vicious  habits,  to 
such  a  degree  as  renders  claimant  unable  to  earn  a  support  by  manual  labor. 


632  REPORT   OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 

3.  Disabilities  incurred  -^'liile  in  the  service  and  iuthe  line  of  duty,  and  incapacity 

for  earning  a  support  befalling  a  claimant  for  pension  after  bis  service  bad 
ceased,  are  placed  by  the  pension  laws  on  an  entirely  difl'ereut  footing. 

4.  Disability  incurred  during  service  and  in  line  of  duty  is  pensionable  without 

regard  to  capacity  to  earn  a  support,  and  is  rated  under  the  provisions  of  the 
Revised  Statutes,  without  reference  to  this  condition. 

5.  Disability  resulting  from  causes  other  than  of  service  origin  are  pensionable  only 

under  tlie  provisions  of  the  second  section  of  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  when  in- 
capacity to  labor  joins  with  incajiacity  to  earn  a  supi^ort,  and  the  grades  of 
rating  thereunder  are  dependent  upon  these  two  conditions. 

6.  AVhen  by  Order  No.  164  of  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  October  15, 1890,  it  was 

declared  that  disabilities  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  should  be  rated  as  if 
of  service  origin,  the  very  principle  which  governed  ratings  under  said  act  was 
displaced  and  a  rule  applicable  to  a  different  law  was  substituted. 
7  Neither  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  nor  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  can,  by 
order  or  by  practice,  supersede  an  act  of  Congress.  The  power  of  the  Depart- 
ment, so  far  as  its  orders  and  practice  are  concerned,  is  limited  to  an  execution 
of  tlie  law ;  it  ceases  when  an  effort  is  made  to  supersede  the  law. 

[Assistant  Secretary  John  il.  Eeynokls  to  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  May  27,  1893.] 

Charles  T.  Bennett,  late  private,  Company  F,  Thirteenth  Indiana  Volunteers,  filed 
his  original  application  for  an  invalid  jiension  under  the  provisions  of  the  Revised 
Statutes,  on  July  5,  1886,  alleging  that  while  in  the  service  and  in  line  of  duty  at 
Raleigh,  N.  C,  about  Juno  1,  1865,  he  was  prostrated  by  a  sunstroke,  from  which 
resulted  a  disease  of  the  head  and  loss  of  hearing. 

The  claim  was  rejected  by  your  Bureau  February  18,  1892,  upon  the  ground  that 
the  evidence  failed  to  establish  the  existence  of  any  disability  due  to  the  claimant's 
army  service. 

From  said  action  the  claimant  aj^pealed  March  19,  1892.  The  evidence  shows  that 
the  appellant  enlisted  September  14,  18G4,  and  was  discharged  June  23,  1865 ;  but 
the  records  of  the  War  Department,  in  evidence,  show  neither  treatment  for  any 
disability  during  said  period,  nor  the  existence  of  any  disabling  cause,  but  that  he 
was  carried  on  all  rolls  and  returns  as  '' present  for  duty  "  from  enlistment  to  dis- 
charge. 

The  affidavits  furnished  in  support  of  his  claim  do  not  satisfactorily  establish  tho 
origin  of  the  alleged  disability,  and  in  the  certificate  made  by  the  board  of  exam- 
ining surgeons  at  Vinceunes,  Ind.,  on  November  3,  1886,  tho  following  language  is 
found:  "This  man  seems  to  be  in  vigorous  health,  and  we  discover  no  evidence  of 
a  diseased  nervous  system,  not  tremulous,  but  in  good  flesh,  and  looks  as  if  ho  was 
never  afflicted  by  any  great  nervous  prostration.  *  *  *  "Wo  would  state  that  he 
has  slight  deafness  in  both  ears,  but  not  of  sufficient  character  to  warrant  us  in 
making  a  rating."  The  rejection  of  the  applicant's  claim  for  invalid  pension,  for 
the  reasons  given,  was  proper  and  is  affirmed. 

This  apj>eal  brought  up,  also,  the  application  made  by  the  same  claimant  for  a 
pension  under  the  provisions  of  the  second  section  of  the  act  of  June  27,  1890. 
Under  this  second  section  your  Bureau  on  January  29,  1891,  granted  to  the  claimant 
the  maximum  rating  of  $12  a  month. 

The  otily  disability  found  to  exist  ujion  medical  examination,  as  declared  by  your 
Bureau,  Avas  '''slight  deafness  of  both  ears."  This  deafness  was  so  slight,  accord- 
ing to  the  certificate  of  tho  board  of  examiners,  that  he  could  hear  a  watch  tick  in 
each  ear  when  it  was  within  one-half  inch  of  each. 

To  entitle  the  claimant  to  a  pension  under  the  iirovisions  of  the  second  section  of 
the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  it  was  necessary  that  he  should  be  suffering  from  a  mental 
or  physical  disability  of  a  permanent  character  not  the  result  of  his  own  vicious 
habits,  which  incapacitates  him  for  the  performance  of  manual  labor  in  such  a  de- 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     633 

gree  as  to  reuder  him  unable  to  earn  a  support;  in  -wliicli event  he  might  be  entitled 
to  receive  a  jiension  not  exceeding  $12  per  month  and  not  less  than  $6  per  month. 
As  the  claimant  "was  sufFecing  simply  from  "slight  deafness,"  according  to  your 
finding,  -wliich  was  so  slight  that  he  could  hear  a  watch  tick  one-half  inch  from 
each  ear,  the  jihysical  disability  clearly  failed  to  come  within  the  requirements 
of  the  law.  Such  "slight  deafness,"  of  necessity,  could  not  incapacitate  for  the 
performance  of  manual  labor,  and  yet  the  claimant  was  allowed  the  largest  sum 
provided  for  under  this  section  of  the  act  of  June  27,  1890. 

In  order  to  ascertain  with  certainty  the  basis  upon  which  this  pension  was  rated, 
the  following  communication  was  addressed  to  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions : 

Department  of  the  Interior, 

Waslnnglon,  D.  C,  May  23,  1893. 
Sir  :  I  herewith  return  to  you  the  papers  in  the  case  of  Charles  T.  Bennett,  late 
private,  Company  F,  Thirteenth  Indiana  Volunteers,  Certificate  No.  533,762. 

Please  furnish  me  at  your  earliest  convenience  the  basis  of  rating  in  this  case,  which 
places  "slight  deafness"  of  both  ears,  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  at  the  rate  of 
$12  per  month. 

Very  respectfully, 

Jxo,  M.  Reynolds, 
The  Commissioner  of  Pensions.  Assistant  Secretary. 

To  whicli  tlie  followiug  answer  was  furnished  tlirougli  tlie  Commis- 
sioner of  Pensions: 

Department  of  the  Interior, 
Bureau  of  Pensions, 

Wasldnfjton,  D.  C,  May  23,  1893. 
Sir:  In  response  to  your  request  that  I  prepare  an  answer  to  the  communication 
of  this  date  addressed  you  by  the  honorable  Assistant  Secretary  concerning  the  basis 
of  rating  in  this  case  for  a  slight  deafness  of  both  ears  at  $12  per  month  under  the 
act  of  June  27,  1890,  I  have  to  say  that  this  rate  was  allowed  in  accordance  with 
Order  No.  164,  which  directed  "that  all  cases  showing  a  pensionable  disability 
which,  if  of  service  origin,  would  be  rated  at  or  above  $12  per  month,  shall  be  rated 
at  $12  per  month."  The  inability  of  the  api)licant  to  perform  manual  labor  was  not 
taken  into  consideration. 

At  the  time  of  the  action  taken  in  this  claim,  January  29,  1891,  the  schedule  rate 
for  slight  deafness  of  both  ears  was  $15 ;  hence  the  rate  of  $12  was  allowed.  Since 
December  4,  1891,  the  schedule  rate  for  slight  deafness  of  both  ears  has  been  $6, 
and  such  cases  have  been  allowed  at  this  rate  since  the  above  date.  I  have  recently 
suspended  action  in  this  class  of  cases. 
Very  respectfully, 

Tiios.  D.  Ingram, 

Medical  Referee. 

The  Department  will  now  consider  whether  the  method  of  rating  followed  in  this 
case  is  in  accordance  with  the  law. 
The  second  section  of  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  provides  as  follows : 
"Sec.  2.  That  all  persons  who  served  ninety  days  or  more  in  the  military  or  naval 
service  of  the  United  States  during  the  late  war  of  the  rebellion  and  who  have 
been  honorably  discharged  therefrom,  and  who  are  now  or  who  may  hereafter  be 
suffering  from  a  mental  or  physical  disability  of  a  permanent  character,  not  the  re- 
sult of  their  own  vicious  habits,  which  incapacitates  them  for  the  performance  of 
manual  labor  in  such  a  degree  as  to  render  them  unable  to  earn  a  support,  shall, 
upon  making  due  proof  of  the  fact,  according  to  such  rules  and  regulations  as  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  provide,  be  placed  upon  the  list  of  invalid  pensioners 
of  the  United  States,  and  be  entitled  to  receive  a  pension  not  exceeding  twelve  dollars 


634     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

per  mouth  aud  not  less  than  six  dollars  per  month,  proportioned  to  the  degree  of  ina- 
bility to  earn  a  support;  and  such  pension  shall  commence  from  the  date  of  the 
filing  of  the  application  in  the  Pension  Oflice  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  upon 
proof  that  the  disability  then  existed,  and  shall  continue  during  the  existence  of 
the  same." 

It  will  be  seen  that  this  section  only  provides  for  a  pension  ■where  the  ajiplicant 
has  been  incapacitated  for  earning  a  sujiport  by  manual  labor.  Incapacity  to 
perform  manual  labor  to  a  degree  which  produces  inability  to  earn  a  support,  is 
the  basis  of  i)ension  under  this  section;  yet  the  report  of  the  medical  referee 
shows  that  the  jDension  was  allowed  by  your  Bureau  in  this  case  in  pursuance  of 
Order  No.  164;  and  the  inability  of  the  applicant  to  iierform  manual  labor  was  not 
taken  into  consideration. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  Order  IsTo.  164: 

In  regard  to  fixing  rates  of  pensions  under  act  of  June  27, 1S90. 

That  all  claimants  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  showing  a  mental  or  pnysical 
disability  or  disabilities  of  a  permanent  character  not  the  result  of  their  own 
vicious  habits,  and  which  incapacitate  them  for  the  performance  of  manual  labor, 
rendering  them  unable  to  earn  a  support  in  siich  a  degree  as  would  be  rated  under 
former  laws  at  or  above  six  dollars  and  less  than  twelve  dollars,  shall  be  rated  the 
same  as  like  disabilities  of  service  origin;  and  that  all  cases  showing  a  pensionable 
disability  which,  if  of  service  origin,  woiild  be  rated  at  or  above  twelve  dollars  per 
month,  shall  bo  rated  at  twelve  dollars  per  month. 

Green  B.  Raum, 
Ajjproved :  Commissioner. 

Cyrus  Bussey, 

Assistant  Secrctanj. 

It  will  be  seen  that  this  order  required  that  all  cases  showing  a  pensionable  dis- 
ability under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  should  be  rated  as  if  of  service  origin. 

The  law  applicable  to  pensions  of  service  origin  is  found  in  the  Revised  Statutes, 
and  is  as  follows : 

''Any  ofQcer  of  the  Armj',  including  regulars,  volunteers,  and  militia,  or  any  officer 
in  the  Navy  or  Marine  Corps,  or  any  enlisted  man,  however  employed,  in  the  mili- 
tary or  naval  service  of  the  United  States,  or  in  its  Marine  Corps,  whether  regularly 
mnstered  or  not,  disabled  by  reason  of  any  wound  or  injury  received,  or  disease  con- 
tracted, while  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  and  in  line  of  duty,"  etc. 

The  only  requirement  to  obtain  a  pension  under  this  act  is  disability  by  reason  of 
wound  or  injury  received  or  disease  contracted  while  in  the  service  and  in  line  of 
duty.  Incapacity  to  perform  manual  labor,  which  is  the  foundation  to  the  right  to 
pension  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  iixes  an  entirely  difi'erent  standard  of  disa- 
•bility  from  that  just  mentioned,  contained  in  the  Revised  Statutes,  covering  inju- 
ries of  service  origin.  Disabilities  incurred  while  in  actual  service  and  incapacity 
coming  upon  applicant  long  after  service  ceased  are  made  by  the  law  to  stand  upon 
an  entirely  dificrcnt  footing.  Those  inciirrcd  during  service  and  in  line  of  duty 
are  pensionable  without  regard  to  capacity  to  earn  a  support,  and  are  graded  with- 
out reference  to  this  condition.  Disabilities  resulting  from  causes  other  than  of 
service  origin  are  only  pensionable  when  incapacity  to  labor  joins  with  incapacity 
to  earn  a  support,  and  the  grades  of  rating  are  dependent  upon  these  two  con- 
ditions. When  by  Order  No.  164  it  was  declared  that  disabilities  under  the  act  of 
June  27,  1890,  should  be  rated  as  of  service  origin,  the  very  principle  which  gov- 
erned the  rating  under  the  act  of  Juno  27, 1890,  was  displaced,  and  a  rule  applicable 
to  a  different  act  was  substituted. 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     635 

This  case  illustrates  the  effect  of  the  departure  by  your  Bureau  from  the  terms  of 
the  act  of  1890 : 

1.  The  applicant  was  awarded  for  "slight  deafness '^  not  of  service  origin,  $12. 
The  award  was  made  under  the  act  of  1890.  It  was  given  by  your  Bureau  for  '•'  slight 
deafness,"  because,  under  an  entirely  different  act,  applicable  to  disabilities  of  service 
origin  alone,  $15  was  the  lowest  rating  for  "  slight  deafness." 

2.  "The  inability  of  the  applicant  to  perform  manual  labor  was  not  taken  into 
consideration."  Yet  the  act  of  1890,  under  which  the  applicant  sought  and  was 
allowed  a  pension,  made  inability  of  the  axjplicant  to  perform  manual  labor,  in  such 
a  degree  as  to  prevent  him  from  earning  a  support,  the  foundation  of  his  claim. 

It  is,  therefore,  clear  that  the  rating  under  the  Revised  Statutes  for  disabilities  of 
service  origin  was  substituted  by  Order  No.  161  for  the  rating  provided  under  the 
act  of  1890. 

The  order  having  resulted  in  one  error,  a  second  error  naturally  followed,  and  the 
inability  of  the  apx>licant  to  perform  manual  labor  was  not  taken  into  consideration. 
In  a  word,  the  act  of  June  27, 1890,  was  changed  and  superseded  by  Order  No.  164,  as 
construed  by  your  Bureau,  and  by  a  practice  that  neglected  to  take  into  considera- 
tion tlie  ability  of  the  applicant  to  perform  manual  labor. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  to  present  argument  or  to  support  by  authority  the  propo- 
sition that  neither  the  Secretary  nor  the  Commissioner  can  by  order  or  practice 
sui)ersede  an  act  of  Congress.  The  power  of  the  Dex^artment,  so  far  as  orders  and 
practice  are  concerned,  is  limited  to  an  execution  of  the  law;  it  ceases  when  an 
effort  is  made  to  supersede  the  law. 

You  will,  therefore,  take  such  steps  as  are  necessary  to  reopen  this  case  and  to  pass 
upon  it  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved  June  27, 
1890,  disregarding  any  order  or  practice  which  is  in  conflict  with  the  plain  letter  of 
the  law. 

The  foregoing  decision  was  approved  by  the  honorable  Secretarj^  of  the  Interior, 
and  was  by  him  submitted  to  the  honorable  Attorney-General,  who  also  approved 
it.  After  this  concurrence  the  following  order  was  made  revoking  the  one  dated 
October  15,  1890,  numbered  161,  referred  to  therein : 

Department  of  the  Interior, 

WasliUigton,  D.  C,  May  27,  1S93. 
Sir:  Order  No.  164,  signed  "Green  B.  Raum,  Commissioner  of  Pensions/'  and 
approved,  "Cyrus  Bussey,  Assistant  Secretary,"  of  date  October  15,  1890,  is  hereby 
revoked. 

You  will  i)repare,  for  approval  of  the  Secretary,  new  rules  and  regulations  cover- 
ing the  proof  of  the  right  to  pensions  and  rates  of  same  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  section  second  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved  June  27,  1890. 

Your  attention  is  directed  to  the  foct  that  the  disabilities  which  are  pensionable 
under  this  section  must  be  of  a  permanent  character,  incaiiacitatiug  for  the  perform- 
ance of  manual  labor  to  such  a  degree  as  to  iiroduce  inability  to  earn  a  support. 
You  will  observe,  also,  that  the  rate  of  pension  is  fixed  at  not  less  than  $6  nor  more 
than  $12  iier  month,  proportioned  to  the  degree  of  inability  to  earn  a  support. 

You  will  have  an  examination  made  to  determine  what  pensions  have  lieretofore 
been  allowed  under  section  second  of  the  act  approved  June  27, 1890,  in  disregard  of 
the  terms  of  said  act  and  in  conflict  with  the  ruling  of  this  Department  in  the  case 
of  Charles  T.  Bennett,  this  day  transmitted  to  you. 
Respectfully, 

Ho  ICE  Smith, 

Secretarif. 
Tlie  Commissioner  of  Pensions. 


636  REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 

(Okder  Xo.  2iO.) 

Department  of  The  Interior, 
Bureau  op  Pensions, 

Washington,  August  SO,  1S93. 

In  the  recxamiuatiou  of  all  classes  allo?rccI  under  section  2  of  tlie  act  of  June  27, 
1890,  the  practice  of  the  Bureau  is  hereby  changed  and  modified  as  follo-n-s: 

First.  "\Micre  it  appears,  imma  facie,  on  the  face  of  the  papers,  that  the  pensioner 
was  not  entitled  to  any  rating,  the  payment  of  the  pension  shall  be  at  once  suspended, 
and  tho  pensioner  notified  that  he  -will  be  dropped  from  the  rolls  after  sixty  days 
from  such  notice,  unless  he  shall  in  the  meantime  file  competent  evidence  showing 
his  right  to  j-yeusion. 

Second.  Where,  on  the  face  of  the  papers,  it  appears  that  the  pensioner  is  en- 
titled to  a  less  rate  than  he  is  now  receiving,  he  shall  be  notified  that  his  pension 
will  bo  reduced  to  such  less  rate  unless,  within  sixty  days  from  such  notice,  he  shall 
file  competent  evidence  of  his  right  to  a  higher  rating. 

Third.  "Where  it  appears  on  the  face  of  the  papers  that  the  pensioner  had  been 
allowed  a  pension  under  a  prior  law,  and  that  he  is  not  entitled  under  the  act  of 
June  27,  1890,  to  any  higher  rate  of  pension  than  was  so  allowed  under  such  prior 
law,  he  shall  be  notified  that  his  pension  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  will  be 
dropped  and  his  pension  under  such  prior  law  restored,  unless,  within  sixty  days 
from  such  notice,  he  shall  file  competent  evidence  that  he  is  entitled  to  a  higher  rate 
than  was  granted  by  his  pension  under  such  prior  law. 

Fourth.  Every  such  notice  shall  inform  the  pensioner  that  upon  his  api:)licatiou  to 
the  Commissioner  he  will  be  immediately  ordered  for  examination  by  a  local  medical 
board  to  enable  him  to  obtain  tho  necessary  evidence  to  show  his  right  to  pension. 

Fifth.  When  any  pensioner  shall  have  complied  with  the  requirement  of  such 
otice  and  furnished  evidence  tending  to  support  his  claim  to  be  continued  on  the 
rolls,  thecaseshall  at  oncebea  "special  case"  and  be  promptly  adjudicated.  There 
will  be  no  preliminary  suspension  in  any  case  hereafter,  except  as  provided  in  tho 
first  subdivision  of  this  order. 

Wm.  Lociiken, 

Commissioner. 

Approved. 
Hoke  Smith, 

Secretary. 


Pensions  and  Pension  Appeals. 

Department  of  the  Interior, 

Wasliingion,  D.  C,  Novemler  1,  1S93. 
The  Sixretary: 

I  have  the  honor  to  submit  my  report  of  the  work  done  by  the  Board  of  Pension 
Appeals,  under  my  supervision  and  that  of  my  predecessor,  from  the  beginning  of 
the  fiscal  year  commencing  July  1,  1892,  to  the  present  time.  This  work  relates  to 
the  adjudication  of  claims  for  i^ension  which  are  apjiealed  to  the  Secretary  from  the 
adverse  action  of  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions;  to  the  final  disposition  and  decision 
of  such  other  appeals  from  the  Commissioner  as  involve  questions  of  attorneyship 
and  fees  in  pension  cases;  and  also  to  correspondence  with  claimants  and  attorneys, 
having  reference  to  such  appeals.  The  amount  of  work  accomplished,  including 
decisions  prepared  and  current  correspondence,  is  summarized  in  the  following  tabu- 
lated statements: 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR.     637 
ANNUAL  STATEMENT. 

OEIGIXAL  APPEALS. 

Table  I. — Statement  shoic'tng  dis])osition  of  pension  claims  from  July  1, 1S92,  to  June  SO, 

1S93. 


111 

m  <B  o 
< 

S  o 

75 

O 

C  O 

■^  2 
cCrB 

a  --  2 

III 

<1 

2§ 

eg 

^3-2  rt 

ill 

'a 
a 

CO 

a 

a 
'■B 

1 

P" 

2 

'•3 

a  o 

11 

1892. 

4,349 
4,348 
3,973 
4,545 
4,647 
4,658 

4,639 
4,683 
4,742 
4,664 
4,785 
4,748 
4,457 

320 
3 
890 
407 
326 
305 

379 
364 
369 
462 
491 
204 

4,669 
4,351 
4,803 
4,952 
4,973 
4,963 

5,068 
5,050 
5,111 
5,126 
5,276 
4,952 

241 
314 
246 

217 
218 
198 

297 
251 
358 
284 
446 
415 

46 
55 
27 
49 
73 
45 

28 
29 
54 
29 
31 
19 

22 
3 

24 
19 

5 
14 

19 
21 
18 

6 
12 

9 

12 
6 
21 
20 
19 
17 

38 
7 

17 
22 
39 
52 

321 

378 

318 

305 

Is'oTCinber 

315 
274 

1S93. 

382 

308 

447 

341 

528 

495 

Jul^-            ....                .... 

1 

Total 

4,520 

3,485 

485 

172 

270 

4,412 

MOTIONS    rOK    RECOXSIDERATION. 


Table  II. — Statement  slioicinj  disposition  of  motions  for  reconsideration  from  July  1, 

1S92,  to  June  30,  IS93. 


t'x  2 

<2     = 
«  §2 

C    o5 


r*  '-'  s; 
H 


July 

August 

September. 

October 

Kovember . 
December.. 


1892. 


January . 
February  . . . 

ilarcb 

April 

May 

June 

July 

Total. 


1893. 


182 
182 
165 
181 
178 
194 


185 
179 
190 
190 
182 
163 
148 


233 


199 
183 
199 
205 
214 
214 


194 
200 
218 
211 
194 
176 


20 


815 

640 

1,295 

775 

1,220 

1,105 


1,295 
1,225 
1,625 
1,405 
1,655 
800 


13,  855 


600 
330 
1,165 
640 
895 
845 


935 

945 

1,135 

1,065 

1,263 

605 


10,425 


638 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 


FEE  APPEALS. 


Table  III.- 


-Slatement  sliowing  disposition  of  appeals  relating  to  altorneyslup  and  fees 
from  July  1,  1S92,  to  June  30,  1S93. 


MO 

1° 

I— 1^3 

,3  « 

"/a 

P<bO 

o 

oil 

1 
o  o 

2-3 

rO    O 

o 

1 

.:,  o 

;i5 

TO   ^ 

||5 

3 

•^  2 
o  a, 

5  m  c! 

1 

O 

o  o   . 

^ 

h 

H 

<) 

-^ 

f4 

f^ 

H 

1892. 

July 

75 
83 
40 

36 

0 

61 

111 
89 

107 

16 
31 
29 

3 
2 
6 

9 
10 
10 

...... 

28 

43 

September 

46 

61 
61 
01 

23 

70 

57 

84 
131 
118 

9 
44 

26 

3 
3 

1 

11 
21 
12 

...... 

23 

70 

39 

1893. 

January  

70 

85 

164 

28 

7 

14 

49 

115 

47 

102 

32 

5 

17 

54 

108 
150 
143 
112 
99 

97 
31 
80 
04 

205 
187 
223 
170 

33 

27 
77 
58 

7 
4 
2 
3 

9 
12 
29 
16 

'"'i' 

3 

49 

44 

Mar 

111 

77 

Jul  J' 



Total 

057 

410 

46 

170 

7 

633 

RECAPITULATIOIT. 

OEIQINAL  APPEALS. 

Appeals  pending  July  1,  1892 4,319 

Appeals  filed  from  July  1, 1892,  to  Juno  30, 1893 4,520 

Total 8,809 

Appeals  wherein  Pension  OfBce  was  sustained 3,485 

Appeals  wlierein  Pension  Office  was  reyersed 485 

Appeals  reconsidered  by  Pension  Office  pending  appeal 172 

Appeals  dismissed 270 

Total 4,412 

Appeals  pending  July  1 ,  1893 4, 457 

MOTIONS  FOR  RECONSIDERATION. 

Motions  for  reconsideration  pending  July  1,  1892 182 

Motions  for  reconsideration  filed  from  July  1,  1892,  to  Juno  30,  1893 233 

Total 415 

Motions  for  reconsideration  overruled 234 

Motions  for  reconsideration  sustained 20 

Motions  for  reconsideration  allowed  by  Pension  OiUce 12 

Motions  for  reconsideration  dismissed 1 

Total 207 

Motions  for  reconsideration  pending  July  1,  1893 148 

FEE  APPEALS. 

Pee  appeals  pending  July  1,  1892 75 

Fee  appeals  tiled  from  July  1, 1892,  to  June  30,  1893 057 

Total 732 

"Fee  appeals  wliorcin  Pension  Office  was  sustained 410 

Fee  appeals  wherein  Pension  Office  was  reversed 40 

!Fco  appeals  reconsidered  by  Pension  Office  pending  appeal 170 

Fee  appcalis  dismissed 7 

Total 033 

Fee  appeals  pending  July  1,  1S33 99 

CORRIiSPONDENCE. 

Letters  referred  to  the  Coinmissionijr  of  Pensions 13,  855 

Letters  son* 10,425 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 


639 


SUPPLEMENTAL  STATEMENT. 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing  tables  embracing  the  work  of  the  last  fiscal  year,  the 
following  tabulated  statements  showing  the  amount  of  work  done  from  July  1,  1893, 
to  November  1,  1893,  is  submitted : 

OKIGIS-AL  APPE.YI.S. 

Table  IV. — Statement  showing  disposition  of  pension  claims  from  July  1,  1S93,  to 

Notemher  1,  1S93. 


^ 

Appe.als  pending 
on  tho  first  day 
of  tho  month . 

n  p 

Q  O 

T7J    O 

3 

o 

en 

Action  of  the  Pen- 
sion Office  sus- 
tained. 

Action  of  tho  Pen- 
sion   Ollico    re- 
versed. 

Eeconsidcred    by 
thoPensiouOflice 
ponding  appeal. 

o 

00 

1 

'■5 

"3 
o 
ft 
P< 

<1 

'•3 
^■^ 

n 

3» 

o 
H 

1893. 
July 

4,457 
4, 185 
3,810 
3,713 
3, 018 

165 

53 

238 

135 

4,622 

4,238 
4,  078 
3,848 

337 
308 
298 
197 

22 
4 
14 

7 

5 

7 
7 

73 
79 
46 
24 

437 

398 

365 

230 

1 

■ 1 

Tot.al 

591 

1,140 

47 

21 

222 

1,430 

MOTIONS  FOR  EECONSIDERATION. 


Table  V. 


-Statement  sliowing  disposition  of  motions  for  reconsideration  from  July  1, 1SD3,- 
to  November  1,  1893. 


Motions  forrocon- 
siderution   pend- 
ing on  the  first  of 
the  month. 

Motions  for  recon- 
sidor.ation     filed 
during    tho 
month. 

o 

H 

■III 

|-3£ 

S  P 
u 

P  cJ-^S 

0$ 

Reconsidered  and 
allowed    by   the 
Commissioner  of 
Pensions. 

Motions  forrccon- 
sidoratious  d  i  s  - 
missed. 

Total  motions  for 
reconsideration 
disposed  of. 

Letters     referred 
to   tho    Commis- 
sioner   of    Pen- 
sions. 

P 
o 
m 

1 
1-1 

18S3. 
July 

148 

5 

7 
5 
9 

153 
146 
127 
124 

11 

21 
10 
IG 

1 
1 

i 

2 

2 

14 
24 

12 
18 

1,165 
1  062 

1.39 

777 

September... 
October 

122 
115 
100 

2 
1 

087  1        594 
795  :        585 

1                                1 

Total .   . 

26  1  1          ■'is  i           s 

3 

4 

68 

3  709  1     ■'  Rn 

FEE   APPEALS. 


Table  VI. — Staitmcnt  shotving  disjjosiiion  of  appeals  relating  to  altorneysldp  and  fees 
from  July  1,  1S93,  to  Kovemier  1,  1S93. 


ri  o 
-f  2  = 

Pee  appeals  filed 
during     tho 
month. 

o 

Action  of  tho  Pen- 
sion Office  sus- 
tained. 

Action  of  the  Pen- 
sion   Office    re- 
versed. 

?  0  =-i 

S.2  « 
TS  2  to 
2  3.9 

iop 

^5ft 

'a  5 
2  S 

«  p 
o 

<B 

e-2  p 

§  i  ° 
^  p. 

"t;^  p 

1893. 

J^iy-: 

August 

Septpiuiier 

99 
80 
73 
76 
81 

38 
23 
62 
26 

137 
103 
135 
102 

35 
19 
42 
18 

2 
2 

1 

18 
9 

15 
2 

2 

57 
30 
59 

October 

^November 

21 

1 

1 

Total 

149 

114 

7 

44 

2 

167 

1 

640     EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

Taui.e  IV. — Statement  showing  (lts2)Osition  of  appeals  relating  to  attorneyship  and  fees 
from  July  1,  1S92,  to  Novemler  1,  i<S55.— Continued. 

KECAPITULATI02T. 

ORIGINAL  APPEjVLS. 

Appeals  pending  July  1,  1803 4,457 

Appeals  tiled  from  July  1,  1803,  to  November  1,  1893 SOI 

Total 5,018 

Appeals -wherein  Pension  OfRco  Tras  sustained 1,140 

Appeals  wherein  Pension  Oflico  was  reversed 47 

Appeals  reconsidered  by  Pension  Office  pending  appeal - 21 

Appeals  dimissed 222 

Total 1,430 

Appeals  pending  November  1,  1893 3, 618 

MOTIONS  FOB  RECONSIDERATION. 

Motions  for  reconsideration  pending  Jnly  1,  1803 148 

Motions  for  reconsideration  tiled  from  July  1,  1893,  to  November  1,  1893 26 

Total 174 

Motions  for  reconsideration  overruled &3 

Motions  for  reconsideration  sustained 3 

^Motions  for  reconsideration  allowed  by  Pension  Office 3 

Motions  for  reconsideration  dismissed 4 

Total 68 

Motions  for  reconsideration  pending  November  1,  1893 106 

FEE  APPEALS. 

Fee  appeals  pending  July  1,  1893 99 

Tee  appeals  tiled  from  Jiily  1,  1893,  to  November  1,  1893 140 

Total 258 

Fee  appeals  wherein  Pension  Office  was  sustained 114 

Fee  appeals  wherein  Pension  Office  was  reversed 7 

Fee  appeals  reconsidered  by  Pension  Office  pending  appeal 44 

Fee  apiieals  dismissed 2 

Total 167 

Fee  appeals  pending  November  1,  1893 81 

CORRESPONDENCE. 

Letters  referred  to  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions 3, 700 

Letters  sent 2, 801 

The  Work. — The  business  trausacted,  as  indicated  by  tbo  foregoing  tabulated 
statements,  bas  been  accompli.sLed  Tvitb  commendable  thorougbness,  and  bears  testi- 
mony to  the  industry,  efficiency,  and  cheerfulness  with  which  the  members  and  em- 
ployes of  the  Board  of  Pension  Appeals  have  labored  to  dispose  of  the  number  of 
appeals  and  motions  for  reconsideration  with  which  the  docket  has  been  crowded. 
Your  attention  is  called  to  the  fact  of  the  comparatively  few  instances  wherein  the 
action  of  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  has  been  overruled  in  proportion  to  the  whole 
number  of  claims  considered,  evincing,  as  it  does,  the  care  with  which  the  rulings  of 
the  Department  are  followed  and  observed  by  the  Bureau  of  Pensions.  The  instances 
where  the  action  of  the  Commissioner  has  been  reversed  on  appeal  are  chiefly  in 
cases  wherein  the  evidence  was  of  a  more  or  less  conflicting,  doubtful,  or  compli- 
cated character,  or  in  which  arose  certain  questions  of  law  the  jiroper  decision  of 
which  required  an  authoritative  expression  of  opinion  from  this  Department. 

Ekcext  iJiroKTAXT  Decisions. — Since  my  incumbency  of  the  office  of  Assistant 
Secretary  of  this  Department,  several  very  important  decisions  have  been  rendered 
which  have  tended  to  change  to  some  extent  and,  it  is  believed,  improve  the  prac- 
tice of  the  Bureau  of  Pensions  in  the  adjudication  of  pension  cases,  and  by  which 
some  grave  errors  in  the  administration  of  the  pension  laws  have  been  corrected. 
One  of  the  most  important  of  these,  and  the  one  which  has  been  most  farreaching 
in  its  effects  and  consequences,  and  has  attracted  public  attention  and  comment  to 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     641 

a  greater  degree  than  any  other,  was  the  decision  rendered  May  27,  1893,  in  the  caso 
of  Charles  T.  Bennett,  late  of  Company  F,  Thirteenth  Indiana  Volunteers,  by  which 
the  proper  and  legal  basis  of  pension  under  the  second  section  of  the  act  of  June  27, 
1890,  was  defined,  and  in  pursuance  of  which  you  revoked  order  No.  16-4  of  the  late 
Commissioner  of  Pensions,  and  abrogated  the  illegal  and  improper  practices  there- 
under. Although  said  decision  has  been  very  severely  criticized  in  certain  quarters, 
it  is  to  be  noted  that  it  is  strictly  in  li::e  with  decisions  of  my  immediate  predeces- 
sor in  the  cases  of  Washington  Borden,  rendered  August  3,  1892  (6  P.  D.,  17); 
Patrick  Carroll,  rendered  February  1,  1893  (Ibid,  259),  and  Henry  H.  AVeike, 
rendered  January  7,  1893  (Ibid,  193).  Under  this  decision,  the  practice  of  the 
Bureau  of  Pensions  has  been  made  to  conform  to  the  provisions  of  the  law,  and  the 
improper  and  illegal  disbursement  of  very  large  amounts  of  public  money  has  been 
stopped. 

Under  a  decision  rendered  by  me  Juiie  27,  1893,  the  benefits  of  the  act  of  August 
5,  1892,  granting  pensioifs  to  Army  nurses,  were  extended  to  women  who  were  em- 
ployed in  hosjiitals  superintending  and  preparing  proper  and  suitable  diet  for 
the  sick  and  wounded  under  the  directions  of  the  surgeons  in  charge,  upon  their 
making  the  proof  and  fulfilling  the  conditions  required  by  the  terms  of  the  act, 
thus  securing  to  this  class  of  most  worthy  and  deserving  applicants,  who  were 
clearly  included  within  the  terms  of  the  statute,  their  rights  thereunder,  which  had 
previously  been  denied  them. 

In  the  case  of  Joseph  P.  Smith,  a  decision  was  rendered  August  15,  1893,  deciding 
and  defining  the  amount  fixed  by  law  for  the  fees  of  attorneys  in  claims  for  increase 
of  pensions  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  by  which  a  saving  of  many  thousand  dol- 
lars to  pensioners  was  accomplished. 

In  the  case  of  Timothy  L.  Carley,  a  decision  was  rendered  Augast  18,  1893,  which 
definitely  fixed  and  established  the  date  of  the  commencement  of  a  pension  granted 
under  the  provisions  of  the  second  section  of  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  a  subject  upon 
which  there  had  previously  existed  a  great  deal  of  uncertainty  and  confusion  in  the 
practice  of  the  Bureau  of  Pensions. 

The  foregoing  are  a  few  of  the  more  important  decisions  that  have  been  rendered, 
wherein  the  former  holdings  of  tlie  Department,  and  the  practice  of  the  Bureau,  have 
been  departed  from  or  modified,  and  are  merely  mentioned  to  show  the  character 
and  nature  of  such  changes  as  I  have  thought  were  necessary.  In  the  vast  majority 
of  cases  decided  by  me  the  former  rulings  and  decisions  of  the  Department  have  been 
followed,  and  in  no  instance  have  they  been  disturbed  or  modified,  except  where  it 
appeared  that  the  plain  requirements  of  the  law,  or  the  good  of  the  service, 
demanded  such  action.  ^ 

In  this  connection  it  is  proper  to  state  that  since  the  last  report  of  the  Assistant 
Secretary  the  sixth  volume  of  ''Decisions  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior  in  Ap- 
pealed Pension  Claims,"  with  a  topical  index  to,  and  concise  notes  of,  the  decisions 
contained  in  the  six  volumes  of  the  series,  has  been  published,  embracing  the  deci- 
sions selected  for  publication  down  to  March  11,  1893,  during  the  incumbency  of  my 
predecessor. 

The  seventh  volume,  embracing  decisions  rendered  under  my  own  supervision,  ia 
now  in  course  of  preparation  upon  the  same  plan  pursued  since  the  commencement 
of  the  iiublication  of  the  series. 

Rules  of  Practice. — Upon  taking  charge  of  the  oflico  of  Assistant  Secretary  I 
Boon  discovered  that  the  practice  of  this  Department  and  of  the  Bureau  of  Pensions 
relative  to  the  granting,  hearing,  and  adjudication  of  appeals  in  i^eusion  and  fee 
cases  was  in  a  very  unsatisfactory  state. 

Rules  of  practice  in  appeal  cases  had,  from  time  to  time,  been  promulgated  by 
former  Secretaries  of  the  Interior,  but  appear  to  have  never  been  strictly  enforced, 
and  had  been  8ufi"ered,  to  a  great  extent,  at  least,  to  fall  into  disuse. 

I,  therefore,  prepared  a  new  code  of  rules  for  the  government  of  the  practice  of 
Ab.  93 41 


642     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

this  Department  and  the  Bureau  of  Pensions  in  appealed  pension  cases,  "whicli  were 
submitted  to  you,  and  approved  and  promulgated  September  9, 1893. 

It  is  believed  that  a  strict  enforcement  of  these  rules  of  practice  will  not  only  tend 
to  expedite  the  business  of  the  Department  and  the  Bureau,  but  will  be  of  great 
benefit  to  both  the  attorneys  and  claimants  for  pension. 

Reorganizatiox  of  the  Board  of  Pension  Appeals. — The  membership  of  the 
Board  of  Pension  Appeals  having  been  increased  by  the  act  of  Congiess  making 
appropriation  for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses  of  the  Govern- 
ment for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1887,  from  three  to  nine,  the  Board  was 
reorganized  in  October,  1886,  by  an  order  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  into 
three  divisions,  each  consisting  of  three  members.  These  divisions  acted  ujiou 
appeals  independently  and  without  direct  reference  to  each  other,  the  control- 
ing  idea  and  purpose  of  this  organization  being  that  each  division  of  the  Board 
should  decide  and  dispose  of  appeals  in  certain  distinct  classes  of  pension  claims, 
namely:  Original  invalid  claims  by  one  division,  increa*  claims  by  another,  and 
dependent,  widow's,  and  restoration  claims  by  a  third.  It  was,  however,  very  soon 
rendered  manifest  that  this  division  of  the  work  was  wholly  impracticable,  owing  to 
the  impossibility  of  the  Bureau  of  Pensions  to  rej)ort  upon  the  appealed  cases  in 
the  order  named,  and,  also,  to  the  fact  of  the  great  multiplication  of  appeals,  at  times, 
in  one  class  of  pension  claims  over  the  others.  Therefore,  all  distinction  between  the 
character  of  the  Avork  performed  and  the  class  of  apiiealed  pension  claims  passed 
upon  by  the  difTerent  divisions  of  the  Board  was  soon  abandoned,  but  the  organiza- 
tion into  three  separate  divisions  was  continued  long  after  the  reason  for  it  had 
ceased  to  exist,  and  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  it  tended  very  seriously  to  impair 
that  harmony  of  action  and  uniformity  in  the  decisions  of  the  Board,  which  was 
absolutely  necessarj'^  to  the  accomplishment  of  the  best  results,  and  also  unnecessa- 
rily added  very  greatly  to  the  labors  of  the  Assistant  Secretary. 

Believing  that  the  work  would  be  greatly  benefited,  as  well  as  expedited,  by  a 
different  organization,  I,  with  your  sanction  and  approval,  proceeded,  soon  after 
taking  charge  of  this  work,  to  reorganize  said  Board  into  one  body,  under  the  im- 
mediate control  of  a  chairman  and  assistant  chairman,  selected  from  the  members  of 
the  Board,  upon  the  same  general  plan  with  all  other  divisions  of  your  office.  This 
plan  of  organization  has  now  been  in  oiieration  for  several  months,  and  I  am  pleased 
to  be  able  to  state  that  it  has  fully  met  my  expectations,  and  has  proved  highlj^ 
satisfactory  both  in  rendering  the  decisions  of  the  Board  more  generally'  harmonious, 
in  preventing  the  i^reparation  of  conflicting  decisions  on  the  same  subjects,  and, 
also,  in  expediting  the  work  of  the  Board  in  disposing  of  cases  on  appeal. 

Under  the  present  organization  of  the  Board  all  decisions  are  carefully  reviewed 
aiul  initialed  by  the  chairman  and  assistant  chairman  before  being  presented  to  me, 
when  they  are  again  examined,  revised  if  necessary,  and  then  ap^jroved  and  signed. 

Conclusion. — In  conclusion,  I  desire  to  call  attcntoon  to  the  fact,  appearing  from 
the  foregoing  supplemental  tabulated  statements,  embracing  the  period  from  Julj-  1, 
1893,  to  the  present  time,  that  for  the  first  time  in  several  years  past  there  has  been 
a  sleadj-  gain  in  the  number  of  appeals  disposed  of  during  the  last  six  mouths  over 
the  number  filed  during  the  same  period,  and  it  is  hoped  that  by  the  end  of  a  year 
from  this  date  tlie  present  large  accumulation  of  appeals  may,  in  great  part,  be  dis- 
posed of,  and  the  docket  cleared  of,  practically,  all  but  current  business. 

I  am  encouraged  in  this  expectation  from  the  fact  also  apiiearing  from  the  fore- 
going tabulated  statements,  that  on  the  15th  day  of  Ai^ril,  1893,  when  I  entered  upon 
the  duties  of  my  office,  5,041  cases  were  undisposed  of  on  ajipeal  to  the  Secretary. 
Besides  disposing  of  cases  erxual  to  the  number  appealed  since  that  date,  the  accu- 
mulated appeals  have  been  reduced  to  3,805. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

Jno.  M.  Reynolds, 

Assistant  Secretary. 

Hon.  Hoke  Smith. 


PAPERS 


ACCOIIPANYIXG 


REPORT  OF  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  COMMISSIOXEE  OF  THE  GENERAL  LAND 

OFFICE. 

Department  of  the  Inteeioe, 

General  Land  Office, 
Washington,  B.  C,  September  22,  1893. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  the  Annual  Eejiort  of  the 
General  Land  Office  for  the  fiscal  year  ending-  June  30,  1893.  Of  this 
period,  about  nine  months  were  embraced  in  the  terms  of  my  immediate 
l^redecessors  m  office  and  some  three  months  in  my  own  term,  dating 
from  ]\rarch  28,  1893. 

The  functions  of  this  office  comprehend  all  executive  duties  apper- 
taining to  the  surveying  and  sale  of  the  public  lands  of  the  United  States 
or  in  anywise  resi^ecting  such  public  lands,  and  also  such  as  relate  to 
private  claims  of  land  and  the  issuing  of  i^atents  for  all  grants  of  land 
under  the  authority  of  the  Government. 

The  executive  duties  referred  to  consist  in  giving  proi)er  effect  to 
the  laws  enacted  by  Congress  from  time  to  time  bearing  upon  the  sub- 
ject of  the  public  lauds.  The  act  of  Congress  of  March  3,  1891  (26 
Stat.,  1095),  repealed  the  laws  providing  for  the  disposal  of  the  public 
lands  to  i)reeini)tors  and  the  laws  which  provided  for  the  disposal 
thereof  for  the  encouragement  of  timber  culture  upon  the  treeless  or 
prairie  lands  of  the  West,  so  far  as  regards  the  future  initiation  of  claims 
thereunder,  thus  restricting  subsequent  disposals  under  said  laws  to 
such  as  were  required  for  i)erfecting  claims  previously  initiated  there- 
under. 

By  this  legislation,  j)arties  desiring  to  acquire  title  to  public  lands 
of  the  class  of  ordinary  farming  or  agricultural  lands  are  restricted  to 
the  method  provided  in  the  homestead  laws,  admitting  of  perfecting 
title  after  five  years'  residence  on  the  entered  tracts  or  by  the  method 
of  commuting  their  entries,  by  which  tliat  condition  is  dispensed  with 
and  title  obtained  after  a  more  limited  j)eriod  of  residence  and  the 
payment  of  money  or  certain  descriptions  of  land  warrant  or  scrip. 
The  same  act  modified  the  commutation  i)rinciple  so  as  to  extend  the 
time  of  residence  required  from  a  period  sufficient  to  evidence  good 
faith,  ordinarily  not  less  than  six  months  from  date  of  establishing 
residence  on  the  land,  to  one  of  fourteen  months,  counting  from  the 
date  of  entry  actually  effected  by  the  party  and  made  of  record. 

643 


644  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Tlio  previous  act  of  August  30, 1890  (2G  Stat.,  391),  restricted  entries 
of  public  lauds  to  320  acres,  in  tlie  aggregate,  for  each  entryman,  under 
all  the  laws  providing  for  the  disposal  of  such  lands,  but  there  is  not 
to  be  included  in  the  comi^utation  any  lands  previously  entered  by  the 
party  or  any  lands  mineral  in  character,  under  Secretary's  decision  of 
December  29,  1890,  12  L.  D.,  87,  and  seventeenth  section  of  the  act  of 
March  3,  1891,  2G  Stat.,  1095. 

These  changes  in  the  laws  have  already  considerably  affected  the 
business  of  this  office,  although  there  is  still  much  remaining  to  be 
done  in  disposing  of  the  claims  that  had  accrued  under  the  preemp- 
tion and  timber-culture  laws,  at  the  time  of  their  repeal.  Parties  who 
formerly  were  at  liberty  to  make  both  a  preemption  and  a  timber-cul- 
ture entry  of  IGO  acres  each,  in  addition  to  a  homestead  entry,  may  now 
make  a  homestead  entry  of  160  acres,  as  the  maximum,  but  not  a  pre- 
emption or  a  timber- culture  entry. 

The  statements  elsewhere  given  in  this  report  show  a  falling  off,  dur- 
ing the  fiscal  year  just  ended,  in  regard  to  tinal  entries,  of  4,004  in  the 
number  of  entries,  and  433,477  acres  in  the  area  of  land  taken  up 
th'ereby,  and  in  regard  to  original  entries  a  decrease  of  6,891  in  the 
number  of  entries,  and  962,111.71  acres  in  the  area. 

With  regard  to  the  class  of  timber-culture  entries  subsisting  at  the 
date  of  the  repealing  act  of  March  3,  1891,  the  privilege  of  commuting 
and  acquiring  title  after  four  years  from  date  of  entry,  without  further 
timber  culture,  at  $1.25  per  acre,  was  extended  by  that  act,  and  this 
privilege  was  takeii  advantage  of  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1893,  to  the  extent  of  354,651.75  acres. 

DISPOSAL   OF  PUBLIC  LANDS. 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  acreage  of  public  lands  disposed 
of  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893 : 

CASH   SALES. 

Private  entries 14,819.96 

Public  auction 1,  848. 17 

Preemption  entries 718,  336. 27 

Timber  and  stone  land  entries 182,  340.  61 

Mineral-land  entries 42,  464.  33 

Desert-land  entries 417, 018.  50 

Excesses  on  homestead  and  other  entries 12, 334. 43 

Coal-land  entries 10,860.13 

Lassen  County  desert-land  entries 440. 00 

Town-site  entries 2,  651. 72 

Abandoned  military  reservation 300. 02 

Additional  xiaymeu'ts 371. 19 

Act  June  15, 1844 589.15 

Act  March  3, 1887 194.38 

Act  May  2, 1890 109.  97 

Cash  substitutions 40. 00 

Change  of  entry 239. 90 

1,  404,  958. 82 

JIISCELLAXEOUS. 

Homestead  entries  (original) 6, 808, 791. 56 

Timber-culture  entries  (original) 10, 988. 98 

Entries  with — 

Military  bounty-land  Tvarrants 5,  086.  09 

Agricultural  college  scrij) 160.  00 

Private-land  scrip 8,  297.  31 

Sioux  half-breed  scrip 160.  00 

Valentine  scrip 125. 26 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR.  645 

Acres. 

State  selections 1,230,676.49 

Railroad  selections 1,  966,  814. 07 

Swamp  lauds 249,854.09 

Indian  allotments 115,  497.  31 

Donation  claims 246. 06         Acres . 

10,  396,  727.  22 

Total  area  of  land  entries  and  selections 11,  801,  686. 04 

IXDIAX  LAXDS«r 

Clierokee  scliool-lands 120.  26 

Utc  77,095.51 

Osage  trust  and  diminished  reserve 6,  978.  72 

Sioux 3,  091.  38 

Flathead 720. 00 

Omaha 997.39 

Ponca 454.  69 

89,  457.  95 

Grand  total  11,891,143.99 

RECAPITULATIOX. 

Area  sold  for  cash 1,  404,  958. 82 

Miscellaneous  entries 10,  396,  727.  22 

Indian  lands 89, 457.  95 

Aggregate 11,891,143.99 


646 


PArERS    ACCOMrANYING   THE 


The  foregoing  does  not  include  the  following  entries,  the  areas  of 
which  have  been  previously  re^iorted  in  the  "original  entries"  of  the 
respective  classes : 

Acres. 

Commntea  homesteads  (sec.  2301,  E.  S.) 425,  665.  25 

Cominntefl  homesteads  (act  June  15,  1880) 1,  456.  67 

Commuted  timber-culture  entries  (act  March  3,  1891 354,  651. 75 

Final  homestead  entries 3,  477,231.63 

Final  timber-cnlturo  entries 914,  351.34 

Final  desert-laud  entries 231,  672. 18 

And  other  areas  consisting  of  university  selections,  military  bounty-land 
-vrarrants,  additional  payments^ash  substitutions,  town  sites,  etc  . .  6,  062. 12 

5,  411, 090.  94 

The  filings  and  fees  therefrom  are  stated  in  the  annexed  table: 


Kind  of  filings. 


Numljer. 


Fees. 


Preemption 

Homestead 

Coal 

Town  site 

Valentine  scrip 

Mineral  applications 

Timber  and  stone  applications. 


1,721 
615 

1,277 
9 
2 

1,695 

2,268 


$4, 766. 00 

1,307.00 

3, 822. 00 

22.00 

2.00 

16,  950. 00 

22,  680.  00 


Miucr.ll  advci-sc  claims 
Total 


7,587 
383 


7,970 


49,  549. 00 
3,  830.  00 


53,  379. 00 


Miscellaneous  fees  as  follows : 

Cancellation  notices $2,  OGS.  00 

lleducing  testimony,  etc 71, 170.  99 

Erroneously  collected 1^-t-  00 

Supplemental  i^ayments  on  timber  and  stone  applications 405.  00 

73,787.99 


127, 166. 99 


CASH  KECEIPTS. 


The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  cash  receipts  of  the  ofSce,  from 
various  sources,  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893 : 

Sales  of  land  at  private  entry $18,628.53 

Sales  of  land  at  public  auction 2, 674. 49 

Sales  of  laud  by  preemi-)tion  entry 955,  362. 17 

Sales  of  timber  and  stone  land 455,  353.  87 

Sales  of  mineral  laud 165,  486. 84 

Sales  of  desert  land  (original) 104,  259. 51 

Sales  of,  desert  laad  (final) 238,  071.  93 

Commuted  homesteads,  under  sec.  2301,  E,  S 600, 223.  54 

Comnuited  homesteads,  under  act  Juno  15,  1880 1,  684. 47 

Commuted  timber  cultures,  under  act  March  3,  1891 443,  421.  69 

Excesses  on  homestead  and  other  entries 17,  806.  65 

Sales  of  town  sites 4, 835. 84 

Sales  of  town  lots 180.00 

Sales  of  coal  laud 181,764.30 

Sales  of  Lnsseu  County  desert  land 550.  00 

Sales  of  abandoned  military  reservations 375.  02 

University  selections 302. 12 

Additional  payments 1,  999.  67 

Cash  substitutions 300.  00 

Total  cash  receipts 3, 193,  280. 64 


EEPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR  647 

FEES   AND   COMMISSIONS. 

For  liomestcad  entries $804,  717. 81 

For  timber-culture  entries 25,  269. 00 

For  military  bouuty-lauil  yr.arrant  locations 209.  00 

For  agricultural  college  scrip  locations 4.  GO 

For  State  selections 14, 468. 50 

For  railroad  selections 26,  316. 35 

For  Valentine  scrip  locations 3.  00 

For  donation  claims 30.  00 

For  preemiition  and  other  tilings 53,  379.  00 

For  reducing  testimony  to  Nvriting,  etc 73,  787.  99 

$998, 184. 65 

Total  receipts  from  the  disposal  of  public  laud 4, 191,  465.  29 

Total  receipts  from  the  disposal  of  Indian  lands 284,  752.  65 

Total  receipts  from  timber  depredations 3,  516.  20 

Total  cash  receipts 4,479,734. 14 


648 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Numhcr  and  class  of  final  and  original  entries,   selections,  and  filings  made  during  the 

compared  with  the  year 


Class  of  entry. 


Eailroad 

State  (under  the  sicvcral  acts). 


FILING  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  FEES. 


Filinjj  fees  and  mineral  adverse  claims 

Pees  for  reducing  testimony  to  -writiuf;,  etc 


r.ECAPITULATION  Bl'  TOTALS. 


Final  entries 

Original  entries 

Kailroad  and  State  selections  . 
niins  and  miscellaneous  fees. 


Total. 


!Net  total  of  decrease. 


Number 
of  en- 
tries. 


FINAL  ENTRIES. 

Private 

PnLlic  auction 

Preemption = 

Timber  lud  stone 

Mineral 

Desert  land 

Commuted  homesteads  (under  sec.  2301,  R.  &.)... 
Commuted  homesteads  (under  act  Juno  15, 1880). 
Commuted  timber  cultures  (under  act.  Mar.   3 

1891) '. 

Excesses  on  homestead  and  other  entries 

Town  sites 

Town  lots 

Coal  land 

Lassen  County  desert  laud 

Abandoned  military  reservations 

University  selections 

Additional  p.iymeuts 

Cash  substitution 

Homesteads 

Timber  culture 

Military  bounty -land  warrants 

Scrip  locations  under  the  several  acts 

Indian  allotments 

Donation  claims 

Indian  lands 


ORIGINAL  ENTRIES 

Desert  laud 

Homestead 

Timber  culture , 


EAIUIOAD  ANU    STATE  SELECTIONS. 


216 

G3 

4,824 

1,382 

1,315 

883 

3,175 

11 

2,418 

4,001 

17 

10 

75 

1 

7 

3 

30 

3 

24,  204 

G,  053 

G2 

104 

878 

4 


Number   of 
acres. 


14,  819.  96 

1,848.17 

718, 336.  27 

182,  340.  01 

42,  464.  33 

231,  C72. 18 

425,  065. 25 

1,456.67 

354, 651. 75 

12,  334. 43 

2,  651.  72 


10.  860. 13 
440.00 
300. 02 


Cash  receipts. 


Sales. 


371. 19 

40.00 

3, 477, 231.  63 

914,  351. 34 

5,  086.  09 

8, 742. 57 

115,  497.  31 

240.  06 


49,  739 
1,000 


50,  739 


2,197 

48,430 

70 


50,  709 


6,  521,  407.  68 
89,457.95 


6,010,805.03 


417,018.50 

6,  808,  791. 56 

10,  988.  98 


$18,  628. 53 
2,  674. 49 
955,  362. 17 
455, 353.  87 
165,486.84 
238,  071.  93 
600, 223.  54 
1,  084. 47 

443,  421.  69 

17, 806. 65 

4, 835. 84 

180.  00 

181,  764.  30 

550.  00 

375. 02 

302. 12 

1,  999.  07 

300.  00 


Fees  and 
commis- 
sions. 


$123,  943.  59 

24, 260.  00 

209. 00 

7.00 


3,  080,  021. 13 
284,  752.  05 


3,  373,  773.  78 


104, 259.  51 


30.00 


148, 449.  59 


148, 449. 59 


680,  774. 22 
1,  009. 00 


7,  236, 799. 04         104, 259.  51     681,  783. 22 


13, 153     1, 966, 844. 07 
7, 473     1, 480,  530. 58 


20,  026  I  2, 147, 374.  05 


20,  316. 35 
14.  468.  50 


40, 784.  85 


7,070 


7,970 


50.  739 
50,  709 
20,  G2G 
7,970 


6,  610.  865.  G3 
7, 23G,  7<j9.  04 
3,  447,  374.  65 


3,  373.  773. 78 
104,  259. 51 


130,044   17,295,039.32 


3,  478,  033.  29 


53,  379. 00 
73, 787. 99 


127, 126. 99 


148,  449. 59 

681,  783.  22 

40,  784.  85 

127, 166. 99 


998, 184.  65 


Net  increase  in  final  entries,  4,004,  in  acres  433,477. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 


649 


year  ending  June  30, 1893;  also  the  amount  of  cash  for  same  and  increase  or  decrease  as 
ending  June  30,  1S92. 


Increase  as  compared  with  1892. 

Decrease  as  compared  -with  1892. 

Num- 
ber of 
entries. 

Ifumber  of 
acres. 

Cash  sales. 

Fees    and 
commis- 
sions. 

Number  of 
entries. 

Number   of 
acres. 

Cash  sales. 

Fees  and 
commis- 
sions. 

17 

251.  C9 

1,363.C9 

195,  440.  67 

$151.08 

4,  800. 59 

283, 189. 40 

9 

1,779 

376 
3 

145 
261 

44, 800. 71 

5,923.41 

29,  649.  65 

41,  965. 43 

455.  45 

$111,527.47 

21,305.08 

27, 142.  00 

64,  889.  82 

372.  97 

1 

197 
440 

24,  6D2.  76 
1,256.80 

31.  496. 16 
1,642.98 

5  1      1,014.16 

839. 44 

107 

85, 140.  00 

29  1      4,924.70 

67,  055.  70 

:::::::::::: 

8  i          1,639.75  1          2,049.68 

4    1              1?.Q    71 

174.67 
302. 12 

1     1 

I 

i          1 

77   IP. 

39 
1 

2,  326. 15 
300. 00 

120.00 

1,382 
2,175 

217,  334.  50 
346, 336. 08 

$8  287. 5.i 

8. 729.  35 

93 
162 

8,107.81 

26, 486.  70 

7,  279.  08 

233. 94 

$242. 00 

17.00 

70 

1 

15.00 



4,  463 

692, 921. 35 

293,  609.  27 

17,031.88 

2,843 
2,208 

206,  938.  29 
8,  008.  93 

411,156.10 
171,  929. 19 

259.  00 

4,463 

692,  921. 35 

293,  609.  27 

17,031.88    1            5,051 

274, 947.  22 

583,  085.  29 

259. 00 

22 

6,677 

192 

24,  454.  90 

907,  270. 77 

30,  385. 98 

12,027.54 

1 1 \ 

90,  869.  62 
2,  67d.  00 

1                           1 

1 

.!    1 

0,891 

902,  111.  71 

12,  027.  54            93,  542. 62 

1 

4,181 
551 

798,  599. 07 

8.  327. 02 

188,  235. 84 

1 

963. 21 

1 

1  188  ''35  84 

4,732 

798,  599.  07 

9,  290,  23 

12,  SG8. 00 
6,  673. 36 

479 



t 

1 

1 

19,  511. 30 

479 

! 

1 



4,463 

692,  921. 35 

2D3,  609. 27  j  17,  031.  83 

5,051 

6,891 

4,732 

479 

274, 917.  22 
902.  111.  71 
793,  599.  07 

583,  085.  29 
12,  027.  54 

259.  00 
93.  542. 62 

188,  235.  84 

9, 290. 23 

19,541.30 

1 

,   4,463 

881,157.19 

203,  009. 27  1     36,  573. 24 

17, 153 
4,443 

2,  035,  058.  CO         595, 112.  S3           103, 091.  85 
881, 157. 19         293.  609.  27            36,  573. 24 

1 

1 

12,  600 

1, 154,  500.  81 

301,  503.  50  !          66,  518.  61 

1 

I 

Net  decrease  in  original  entries  0,891,  in  acres  902,111.  71. 


STATE  FORMAL  SCHOOL 

lX)eAHQKLBe(,-:-CAL. 


650  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

ISSUE  OF  PATENTS  li^OE  LANDS  DISPOSED  OF. 

AGRICULTURAL  PATENTS  ISSUED. 

• 

Patents  of  the  class  denomiuated  agricultural  were  issued  during 
tlie  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893,  to  the  number  of  43,684,  contain 
ing  approximately  6,989,440  acres,  made  uj)  of  the  following,  viz: 

Cash  patents 16,  317 

Homestead  patents 21,  613 

Timber-culture  patents 5,  340 

Military  patents 115 

Asritultural  college  scrip 6 

Supreme  Court  scrip 2 

Surveyor-general's  scrip 184 

Sionx  halt-breed  scrip 58 

Valentine  scrip 5 

Cole  scrip 1 

Choctaw  scrip 1 

Chipjiewa  half-breed  scrip 1 

Metoyer  scrip .' 1 

Arredondo  scrip 1 

Special  act  of  Congress  October  1, 1890 5 

Red  Lake  and  Pembina  scrip 4 

43,  684 

The  class  of  patents  embraced  in  the  above  includes  all  patents  issued 
on  final  and  commuted  homestead  entries,  on  i)reemption,  timber-cul- 
ture, desert,  x>rivate  cash,  town-site,  and  other  entries  embracing  land 
of  an  agricultural,  nonmincral  character. 

This  statement  shows  a  decrease  in  the  number  of  patents  issued 
during  the  last  fiscal  year  as  compared  with  the  next  preceding  of 
52,090,  and  in  the  approximate  number  of  acres  contained  therein  a 
decrease  of  8,431,300,  the  number  of  patents  issued  in  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1892,  having  been  96,380,  and  the  number  of  acres 
contained  therein  api^roxi mating  15,420,800. 

It  is  thought  that  this  great  decrease  may  be  explained  in  i^art  by 
the  fact  of  extraordinary  eiforts  having  been  made,  conformably  to  the 
policy  which  then  obtained,  to  hasten  the  issue  of  patents  during  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1892,  aided  by  the  provisions  of  the  act  of 
March  3,  1891,  confirming  large  numbers  of  entries  and  requiring  that 
they  sliould  be  patented  at  once,  which  had  been  suspended  for  the 
investigation  of  various  questions  alfecting  their  validitj^  under  pre- 
viously^ existing  laws,  and  in  part  by  the  changes  affected  by  the  act 
of  March  3, 1891,  repealing  the  preemption  laws,  and  the  act  of  August 
30,  1890,  limiting  the  quantity  of  agricultural  lands,  which  might  be 
appropriated  by  any  one  person  to  320  acres,  in  the  aggregate,  under 
all  the  statutes. 

MINERAL  PATENTS. 

Of  mineral  and  mill-site  patents,  1,023  were  issued,  as  against  3,242 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1892,  a  decrease  of  1,019.  Of  coal 
patents,  104  were  issued,  as  against  80  patents  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  30,  1892,  an  increase  of  24,  and  including  an  area  of  14,009.81 
acres,  as  against  an  area  during  the  previous  year  of  10,970.74  acres,  or 
an  increase  in  area  of  3,033.07  acres. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


651 


lu  the  following  table  are  sliowu.tlie  States  and  Territories  in  which 
mineral  and  mill  site  and  coal-land  patents  were  issued : 


states  and  Territories. 


Coal  land. 


No. 


Area. 


Mineral 

.lud 
mill  site. 


Alaska 

Arkansas 

Arizona 

California 

Colorado 

Florida 

Idalio 

Montana 

Kcvada  

'Kevr  Mexico  .. 

Orejron -. 

South  Dakota. 

Utali 

Washington... 
Wyoming 


Total. 


104 


Acrci. 


43         5,754.85 


318.  81 


1,  000.  00 
4, 983.  00 
1, 953. 15 


14,  009.  81 


2 

7 
58 

130 

601 

2 

73 

318 
25 
77 
U 
79 

177 
44 
19 


1,623 


RAILROAD   LAZs^DS  PATENTED. 

There  were  patented  (or  certified  with  the  effect  of  patenting)  for  the 
benefit  of  railroad  companies  under  Congressional  grants  during  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1S93,  1,726,179.95  acres,  as  shown  in  the 
following  table: 

Union  Pacific  Railway  Company :  Acres. 

Kansas 48,  794. 83 

Nebraska 314.  47 

Atlantic  and  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  New  Mexico 312,  386. 73 

Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  Utah 75,  382. 16 

Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  Oregon  Division,  California 187,  275. 55 

New  Orleans  Pacific  Railway  Company,  Louisiana  . .  . : 70,  807.  36 

Gnlf  and  Ship  Island  Railroad  Company,  Mississippi 39,  810?52 

Florida  Central  and  Peninsula  Railroad  Company,  Florida .  255,  560.  32 

Oregon  and  California  Railroad  Company,  Oregon 292,  486.  90 

Southern  Pacific  Railroad  Comxiany,  California 71,  553. 11 

Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company  : 

Minnesot.a 2,  055.  84 

North  Dakota 210,  397. 78 

Washington 148,469.54 

Oregon 422.  75 

Denver  Pacific,  Colorado 116. 71 

Duhnqne  and  Sioux  City,  Iowa 200.  00 

Hastings  and  Dakota.  Minnesota 9,  905.  38 

Chicag'o,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul,  Iowa 240. 00 

Total 1,726,179.95 

As  against  an  area  patented  to  railroads  during  the  last  fiscal  year 
preceding  of  2,018,553.64  acres,  showing  a  decrease  of  292,373.69  acres. 

SWAMP-LAND  PATENTS. 


The  following  statement  shows  the  acreage  of  swamp  lauds  and 
swamp-land  indemnity  lands  patented  during  the  j'ear;  also  the  acre- 
age selected  by  the  States  and  approved  by  this  office,  and  the  total 
acreage  certified  and  patented  since  the  date  of  the  first  swami>land 
grant,  March  2,1849: 


652 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Sivamj)  lauds  and  swamj)-land  indemnity  laiids  selected,  approved,  and x^atented  during  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  SO,  ISOS. 


Swamp  lands. 

Swampland  indemnity  lands. 

Total  pat- 
ented since 
dates  of 
grants. 

States. 

Selected. 

Approved. 

Patented. 

Selected. 

Certified. 

Patented. 

Acres. 

Acres. 

Acres. 

Acres. 

Acres. 

Acres. 
2,  974.  89 

Acres. 
414  164  15 

\ 

7,666  649  31 

271.30 
184, 135.  61 

391.  30 
221,  820. 04 

.::::::::::;::::::;::: 

1,  529,  676.  77 

16  643  073  34 

4,360 

1,  455,  641. 45 

1,  257,  863. 05 

560.  00 
50, 090. 98 

300.  00 
1,611.06 

1, 184, 947. 49 

Louisiana: 

Act  of  13^9.  . 

8  71''  987  96 

Act  of  1850... 

4,623.66- 

249,  540. 42 
5,668  531.65 

307.  64 
9,  590.  50 

118,785.32 

43,  519.  70 

2,  995,  868.  07 

47,  846.  88 
3, 480. 00 

3,  307,  000.  08 

40.00 

120.  21 

3,426  836  27 

Ohio 

:::::::":i:; :::::::: 

25,  640. 71 

4,  029.  31 

15,  653.  34 

216,  079.  97 

3, 347,  828. 16 

Total 

1 

1 

118,  785. 32 

282,  646.  90 

249,  854.  09 

4,360 

58,925.43 

58, 102, 329. 45 

During  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893,  patents  were  issued  to 
the  several  States,  under  the  swamp-laud  acts,  on  249,854.09  acres  of 
swamp  lands  and  58,025.43  acres  of  swamp-laud  indemnity  lauds,  as 
shown  in  the  above  table,  making,  together,  a  total  of  308,770.52  acres, 
being  an  increase  of  132,081-54  acres  patented  during  the  fiscal  year 
over  the  number  of  acres  of  swamp  land  and  swamp-land  indemnity 
land  patented  during  the  i)receding  fiscal  year,  viz,  176,097.98. 

APPROVAL  OF  LANDS  GEANTED  FOR  EDUCATIONAL  AND  OTHER 

PURPOSES. 

The  approvals  during  the  year  under  the  grants  to  the  States  and 
Territories  for  educational  and  other  purposes,  having  the  effect  of  a 
patent,  embraced  in  the  aggregate  an  area  of  552,242.29  acres.  There 
were  also  iDatented,  under  special  provisions  of  law,  9,011.34  acres 
reported  as  approved  in  the  report  for  the  preceding  fiscal  year. 

Following  is  a  detailed  statement: 


states. 


Character  of  grant. 


Approved. 


Colorado Scliool-land  indemnity. 

Nebraska ' do 

Loui-siana ' do 

Xe  vadu I do 

Oregon | do 

South  Dakota. 

Do 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Utah 
Washington. 

Do. 

Do. 

Total . 


Agricultural  college 

Deaf  and  dumb  asylum 

Educational,  charitable,  etc. 

Xormal  schools 

Public  buildings 

Ileform  school 

School-land  indemnity 

Scliool  of  mines 
University 

.do. 
Agricultural  colle.2 
Xormal  schools. 
Public  buildings 


Acres. 

134,  265. 57 

30,  918. 18 

295. 20 

109,  748. 85 
39,  508. 66 
11,361.89 
21, 822. 97 
14, 482. 12 
27, 599. 47 
27, 286. 81 
22, 378.  04 
6, 394.  08 
11, 013. 81 
24, 233. 15 
45, 836. 05 
10,115.04 
11,163.00 
3,  819. 40 

552,  242. 29 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


653 


The  above-stated  acreage  of  552,242.29  acres  approved,  against  an 
area  during  the  previous  fiscal  year  of  598,000.33  acres,  shows  a  de- 
crease of  40,418.04:  acres.  The  above  figures,  however,  do  not  show  the 
total  area  of  selections  disposed  of  during  the  year,  inasmuch  as  there 
were  selections  canceled  during  that  time  aggregating  in  area  10,580.09 
acres.  Lists  embracing  several  thousand  acres  have  also  been  pre- 
pared and  are  now  ready  to  be  submitted  to  the  honorable  Secretary 
of  the  Interior  for  his  approval.  Could  these  selections  be  added  to 
the  area  of  approvals  during  the  present  fiscal  year  the  amount  would 
be  far  in  excess  of  the  approvals  during  the  previous  year.  Aside  from 
this,  however,  the  actual  work  performed  during  the  year  was  fully 
equal,  if  not  in  exce'ss,  of  that  of  the  previous  year,  inasmuch  as  the 
correspondence  in  connection  with  the  grants  for  school  and  other  pur- 
j)oses  is  constantly  increasing,  and  the  large  number  of  lists  of  selec- 
tions received  in  excess  of  those  of  the  j)revious  year  required  additional 
time  for  their  examination. 

INDIAN  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  PATENTS. 

The  exhibit  following  shows  the  area  of  the  land  patented  and  the 
States  and  Territories  where  located,  during  the  year,  on  i)rivate  land 
claims,  donations,  and  Indian  allotments  or  selections  in  severalty,  and 
scrix)  locations  finally  approved : 


states  and  Territories. 


California 

Florida 

Illinois 

Indian  Territory 

Kansas '. . 

Louisiana 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

!New  Mexico 


Acres. 


14, 241.  CD 

16,  CIO.  00 

438.  77 

30,  027.  93 

14,527.84 

12,  54:j.  02 

160.  00 

753. 04 

72,  230. 31 


states  and  Territories. 


Nebraska 

Korth  Dakota 

Oklahoma  Territory 

Oregon 

South  Dakota 

Washington 

Total 


Acres. 


4,  242.  76 

101,610.93 

11,  565.  59 

2,  902.  49 

172, 994.  01 

8SS.  90 


455, 737. 28 


Or  a  decrease  in  area,  as  compared  with  the  previous  fiscal  year,  of 
590,729.18  acres,  the  area  patented  during  that  year  having  been 
1,040,400.40  acres. 

Iiec(q)ttulation  of  paten's  issued  as  staled  in  tlie  forerjohuj. 


Agricultural 

Mineral 

Swamp 

Eailroad 

Indian  anfi  miscellaneous 
Selections 

Total 


Acres. 

15,  420,  800.  00 

10,  970.  74 

170,  097.  OS 

2, 018,  553. 04 

1  040,400.46 

598,  660. 33 


19,271,555.15 


Acres. 
6,  980, 4-10.  00 
14,  009.  81 

308, 779. 52 
1, 720, 179. 95 

455, 737.  28 

552,  242.  29 


10,  046,  388.  85 


Increase. 


Acres. 


3,  033.  07 
132,  681.  54 


135, 714.  61 


Decrease. 


Acres. 
8, 431,  360. 00 


292,  373,  69 
590, 729. 18 
46, 418. 04 


9,  360,  880. 91 


Total  net  decrease,  9,225,160.30. 


PUBLIC  SURVEYS. 


During  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1803,  surveys  havebeen  accepted 
after  an  examination  in  the  field,  careful  comparison  of  the  surveying 


6.54 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


returns  witli  the  reports  of  tlie  examiuers,  and  a  critical  examination 
of  the  plats  and  field  notes  in  this  office,  as  follows: 


states  and  Territories. 

Acres. 

States  and  Territories. 

Acres. 

399,  719 
150, 170 
636, 464 
182, 193 
1,  312, 0S4 
2, 292,  870 
685,  051 
686, 455 

3  48''  518 

707,  848 

1  005  7''!) 

Idaho  

Utah 

179,  09G 
507  457 

ilontaua 

Wyoming 

895,  903 

Total 

13, 784, 187 

The  appropriation,  by  act  approved  August  5,  1892,  for  the  survey 
and  resurvey  of  the  j)ublic  lauds  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1S93,  was  $375,000,  of  which  $75,000  was  authorized  to  be  applied  to 
the  examination  of  surveys  in  the  field,  etc.  The  sum  of  $5,000  out  of 
said  appropriation  was  authorized  to  be  used  for  the  survey  of  the  coal 
lands  in  the  White  Mountain  or  San  Carlos  Indian  Eeservation  in  Ari- 
zona. 

*      '         * ,  *  *  *  *  * 

After  deducting  $75,000  for  examination  of  surveys  in  the  field  the 
amount  of  the  appropriation  for  j^ublic  surveys  otitside  of  railroad  land 
grant  limits,  actually  available  therefor,  and  aj)plicab]e  to  all  survey- 
Jug  districts  was  $300,000,  which  amount,  together  with  the  appropria- 
tion of  $125,000,  for  the  survey  of  land  grants  to  raikoads,  was  api)or- 
tioned  as  follows : 


District. 


Public 
lands. 


Railroad 

land 

grants. 


Aggregate. 


1893. 

1892. 

$26,  000 

$5,000 

20, 000 

10,000 

15,  000 

12,000 

25, 000 

25, 000 

25,  000 

25.  000 

40,  GOD 

35, 000 

10, 000 

10, 000 

50,  000 

50,000 

10,  000 

20,  000 

6,000 

35,  000 

20,  000 

10,  000 

5,  000 

04,  OOO 

64, 000 

35,  000 

30,  000 

75, 000 

40,  oOO 

40, 000 

20, 000 

Arizona 

California 

Colorado 

North  Dakota 
South  Dakota 

Idaho 

!Min^e^^ota 

Montana 

Is^evada 

KcTV  Mexico . . 

Oregon 

Utah 

Wa.shiDgton. . 

Wyoming 

Examinations 
Keserve 

Total... 


*$10,  000 
10,  000 
15, 000 
20,  000 
25,  000 
30, 000 
10, 000 
35, 000 
5,000 
15, 000 
20,  000 
5,000 
45, 000 
:'.5,  000 
70,  000 
20, 000 


$16, 000 
10, 000 


5,000 

'i6,"666' 


15, 000 
5,000 
5,000 

15,  000 
5,000 

19, 000 


20,  000 


375,  OCO 


125, 000 


*0f  tills  $10,000  apportioned  to  Arizona  for  the  survey  of  public  lands,  $5,000  may,  by  the  terms  of 
the  la^v,  be  expended  for  the  survey  of  the  coal  lands  in  the  Vf  bite  Mountain  or  San  Carlos  Eeserva- 
tion. 


VACANT  PUBLIC  LANDS. 


Eeports  have  been  received  from  the  various  district  laud  offices, 
giving  an  approximate  estimate  of  the  quantity  of  vacant  public  lands 
existing:  in  the  several  land  districts  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  end- 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR. 


G55 


iiig  June  30,  1893,  of  wliicli  tlie  folio wiug  is  presented  as  a  recapitnla- 
tion: 


state  or  Territo^J^ 


Surveyed 
land. 


Unsurveyed 
land. 


Total  area. 


AlaLama . . 
Arizona . . . 
Arkansas . 
Otilifornia . 
Colorado  . . 
Florida  ... 
Idaho  


Iowa 

Kansas 

Lonisiana 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi  .-- 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska  

Nevada  

NeTv  Mexico  . . 
North  Dakota . 

Oklahoma 

Oregon  

South  Dakota  . 

Utah 

Washington... 

AVisconsin 

"Wyoming 


Grand  total 290,302,443 


cres. 
966, 
066, 
757, 
5S8, 
108, 
303, 
345, 

713, 
017, 
C81, 
799, 
835, 
963, 
530, 
.254, 
202, 
445, 
,607, 
,509, 
,  155, 
,287, 
,075, 
,414, 
627, 
,957, 


Acres. 
'37,482,  333 


15, 158, 824 

5, 243,  208 

799,  230 

31,  312, 757 


101, 389 
'3,167,' 690 


61, 105,  815 

115, 500 

23,  314, 379 

15,101,755 

9,  729,  310 

406,  400 

13,  002, 169 

3,  737,  220 
28,  027,  699 
13,  400,  765 


13, 445,  209 


Acres. 

966, 260 

49,  548,  545 

4, 757, 604 

47,  747, 349 

41,  351, 744 

3, 102,  708 

37, 657, 820 

13 

713, 560 

1, 118, 488 

681,015 

5,  906, 712 

835,  300 

963,  059 

74, 635. 925 

10, 369,  713 

53,  516. 423 

54, 547.  754 

18, 426,  506 

5.  976, 103 

37,217,556 

13, 024, 495 

35, 102, 995 

18, 815,  Oil 

627,  774 

53, 403, 104 


274, 651, 152 


571, 013, 505 


Tills  aggregate  is  exclusive  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illinois,  in  wliicli, 
if  any  public  land  remains,  it  consists  of  a  few  small,  isolated  tracts. 
It  is  exclusive  of  Alaska,  containing  577,390  square  miles,  or  369,529,600 
acres.  It  is  also  exclusive  of  military  and  Indian  reservations  and 
lauds  subject  to  sale  for  the  benelit  of  certain  Indian  tribes,  and  exclu- 
sive of  reservoir- site  and  timber  reservations  and  tracts  covered  by 
selections,  filings,  railroad  grants,  and  claims  as  yet  unadjudicated,  a 
l^art  of  which  may  in  the  future  bo  added  to  the  i^ublic  domain. 

PRIVATE  LAND  CLAIMS. 


*  *  *  *  *  ^  * 

During  the  fiscal  year  ending  Juno  30,  1893,  the  principal  work  per- 
formed in  the  final  adjudication  of  cases  pending  in  this  division  was 
as  follows: 

Califoruia  private-land  claims  paieutcd 1 

New  Mexico  private-laud  claims  patented 2 

I\Iissouri,  Florida,  and  Louisiana  i)rivatc-land  claims  patented 31 

Claims  of  missionary  associations  patented 10 

Patents  to  villages  of  mission  Indians  (Cal) 2 

Oregon  and  "Washington  donation  ^latents 14 

Indian  claims  patented 2,  932 

Entries  with  certificates  of  location  linally  approved 182 

Claims  in  Louisiana  satisfied  with  scrip,  act  of  June  2, 1858 38 

The  scrip  issued  in  satisfaction  of  the  above  thirty-eight  Louisiana 
confirmed,  but  unlocated  claims,  amounted  to  27,318.17  acres. 

The  total  number  of  letters  received  in  this  division  during  the  fiscal 
year  was  1,GG7,  and  the  number  written  was  1,035. 

Of  cases  examined  some  have  been  passed  for  patenting,  while  others 
have  been  suspended  and  are  now  subjects  of  correspondence. 


656 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Of  tlie  cases  decided  some  are  now  on  appeal  or  awaiting  tlie  expira- 
tion of  the  time  witliiu  wliicli  appeal  may  be  taken  or  motion  for  review 
made. 

The  following  statement  will  show  the  condition  of  the  work  in  this 
division,  generally,  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1893 : 

California  cases  docketed  aud  uot  finally  adjudicated 12 

Confirmed  New  Mexico  and  Arizona  private-land  claims  not  finally  adjudicated.        27 
Oregon,  Washington,  Ncav  Mexico,  and  Arizona  donations   rejiorted  and  not 

finally  adj udicated 92 

Scrip  cases,  act  of  June  2,  1858,  reported  and  awaiting  action 7o 

Imperfect  claims  reported  under  act  of  June  22,  1860,  aud  supi)lemental  leg- 
islation, to  be  rejiorted  to  Congress  by  this  office 2 

Florida,  Louisiana,  Illinois,  Michigan,  etc.,  cases  awaiting  action 2,994 

Claims  within  limits  of  Las  Animas  grant  in  Colorado  rejected  by  the  regis- 
ter aud  receiver  under  act   of  February  25,  1869,  on  file,  exclusive  of  one 

disposed  of  in  1874  and  one  withdrawn 24 

Scrip  locations  pending 836 

Indian  allotments  not  patented 1,  711 

Docketed  Indian  allotment  contests 184 

New  Mexico  private-land  claims  in  which  final  decrees  on  title  have  been  ren- 
dered bj'  the  Court  of  Private  Land  Claims,  and  which  are  pending  here  for 
proper  surveys  and  jiatents 12 

There  is  also  quite  a  large  amount  of  correspondence  and  cases,  clas 
sified  and  unclassified,  referred  from  the  Department  for  report,  and 
from  other  divisions  of  this  Bureau,  awaiting  appropriate  action. 

RAILROAD  LAND  GRANTS. 

During  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893,  lands  haye  been  certi- 
fied and  j)atented  on  account  of  railroad  grants  as  follows : 


Eailroads. 


!NuDil)er  of 
aires. 


Where  located. 


Union  Pacific  Kwy.  Co 

Do 

Atlantic  and  Pacific  E.  K.  Co 

Ccuti al  Pacific  P..  K.  Co 

Central  Pacific  R.  R.  Co.,  Oregon  Division 

Xew  Orleans  Pacific  Rwv  Co 

Gulf  and  Ship  Island  E.R.  Co 

Florida  Central  and  Peninsula  E.  R.  Co  . . 

Oregon  and  California  R.  R.  Co 

Southern  Pacific  E.  E.  Co 

!Northeni  Pacific  R.  R.  Co 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Denver  Pacific 

Dubuque  and  Sioux  City 

Hastings  and  Dakota 

CMcago,  Milwaukee  aud  St.  Paul 

Total 


48,  794. 87 

314.43 

312,  386.  73 

75, 382. 16 
187,  275. 55 

70,  807. 36 
39,810.52 

255,  560. 32 
292, 486.  90 

71,  553. 11 
2,  055. 84 

210,397.78 
148,  4C9.  54 
422.  75 
110.71 
200.  00 
9,  905.  38 
240.  00 


Kansas. 

Nebraska. 

New  Mexico. 

Utah. 

California.  , 

Louisiana. 

Mississippi. 

Florida. 

Oregon. 

California. 

Minnesota. 

North  Dakota. 

Washington. 

Oregon. 

Colorado. 

Iowa. 

Minnesota. 

Iowa. 


1,  720, 179. 95 


It  should  be  stated  in  this  connection  that  302,181.10  acres,  which 
were  allotted  to  the  Mobile  and  Girard  Eailroad  Company,  under  the 
adjustment  of  its  grant  approved  April  2-1-,  1893,  having  been  previ- 
ously certified,  are  not  included  in  this  total. 

As  shown  by  the  above  statement,  there  have  been  patented  and  cer- 
tified under  the  several  grants  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  railroads 
during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893,  1,270,179.95  acres.  Dur- 
ing the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1892,  lands  were  certified  and  pat- 
ented on  account  of  railroad  grants  to  the  aggregate  quantity  of  2,018,- 
553.04  acres,  showing  a  decrease  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1893,  as  compared  with  the  previous  fiscal  year,  of  292,373.09  acres. 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     657 

There  remained  pending  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1893,  raih'oad  selections  to  the  amount  of  29,687,475.06  acres,  as  against 
28,846,961.00  acres  pending  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1892,  showing  an  increase  in  cases  pending  of  840,513.46  acres. 

ADJUSTMENTS. 

The  adjustments  of  the  grants  to  the  following  railroad  companies 
have  been  submitted  to  the  Department  for  its  consideration,  viz: 

St.  Louis,  Irou  Mountain  and  Southern,  submitted.  Augusts,  1888. 

Cedar  Rapids  and  Missouri  i\iver,  submitted  November,  13, 1888. 

Dubuque  and  Pacific,  sulimitted  September  23, 1888. 

Little  Rock  and  Fort  Smitli,  submitted  November  12, 1888. 

Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe,  submitted  December  20,  1888. 

Main  line  St.  Paul  and  Pacific,  and  St.  Vincent  Extension,  known  as  St.  Paul,  Min- 
neapolis and  Manitoba,  submitted  January  25,  1890. 

Alabama  and  Florida,  submitted  February  26, 1890. 

Florida  and  Alabama,  submitted  February  26,  1890. 

St.  Paul  and  Duluth,  submitted  February  26,  1890. 

Southern  Minnesota  Extension,  submitted  February  26,  1890. 

Chicago  and  Northwestern  (Wis.),  submitted  February ^6,  1890. 

Wills  Valley  Railroad  and  Northeast  and  Southwest,  kuown  as  Alabama  and  Chat- 
tanooga, submitted  February  27,  1890. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  (Iowa),  submitted  May  19,  1890. 

Hastings  and  Dakota,  submitted  Juue  22,  1890. 

Gulf  and  Ship  Island,  submitted  February  11,  1892. 

The  following  railroad  and  other  land  grants  have  been  adjusted  and 
approved  by  the  Dei)artment : 

Sioux  City  and  St.  Paul,  approved  June  22,  1887. 

Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Omaha,  approved  February  12,  1887. 

Hannibal  and  St.  Joseph,  approved  May  29, 1887. 

Grand  Rapids  and  Indiana,  approved  July  20.  1887. 

Missouri,  Kansas  and  Texas,  ajiproved  August  2,  1887. 

Coos  Bay  Military  Wagon  Road,  approved  February  1,  1892. 

Bay  de  Noquet  asd  Mal-quette,  appi-oved  October  3,  1892. 

Mobile  and  Girard,  approved  April  24,  1893. 

Vicksburg,  Shreveport  and  Pacific,  approved  May  18,  1892. 

The  adjustment  of  the  grant  to  the  State  of  Oregon  for  the  Coos  Bay 
Wagon  Eoad  Company  was  submitted  to  the  Department  January  13, 
1888,  and  returned  to  this  offlce  February  1, 1892,  with  instructions  that 
a  demand  be  made  upon  the  company  for  the  reconveyance  to  the 
United  States  of  certain  lands  shown  by  the  adjustment  to  have  been 
erroneously  patented  under  its  grant,  aggregating  10,359.20  acres. 

The  demand  was  duly  made  on  March  25, 1892,  and  no  response  having 
been  received  the  case  was  reported  to  the  Department  on  July  16, 
1892. 

The  adjustment  of  the  grantfor  the  Vicksburg,  Shreveport  and  Pacific 
Railroad  Company,  submitted  February  26,  1890,  was  returned  by  the 
Department  May  18, 1892,  with  instructions  that  the  company  be  called 
upon  to  reconvey  to  the  United  States  certain  lands  which  appeared 
from  the  adjustment  to  have  been  erroneously  certified  to  the  State, 
amounting  to  1,400  a(;res.  Accordingly,  a  demand  for  the  reconveyance 
was  made  on  May  25,  1892.  A  response  was  made  wherein  the  com- 
pany declined  to  reconvev  the  lands,  and  the  case  was  reported  to  the 
Department  October  12, 1892. 

Upon  a  re(?xamination  of  the  grant  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  the 

Bay  de  iS^oquet  and  jNIarquette  Eailroad,  it  was  discovered  that  there 

had  been  certified  to  the  State  thereunder  12,695.95  acres  in  excess  of 

the  quantity  to  which  the  company  was  entitled,  and  the  facts  were 

Ab.  93 42 


658  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

reported  to  tlie  Department  in  letter  of  September  1, 1892,  accompanied 
by  a  descriptive  list  of  the  lands.  These  lands  had  not  been  conveyed 
by  the  State  to  the  company,  and  the  governor,  acting  under  authority 
of  a  Joint  resolution  of  the  State  legislature  approved  June  15,1889, 
released  them,  with  other  lands,  to  the  United  States,  September  26, 
1889. 

In  view  of  these  facts  this  oflice  recommended  the  acceptance  of  the 
release,  as  to  the  excess  certification,  and  the  restoration  of  the  lands 
to  entry. 

On  October  3,  1892,  the  Department  approved  the  recommendation, 
and  on  October  5  following  instructions  were  given  for  the  restoration 
of  the  lands. 

The  adjustment,  under  the  eighthi  section  of  the  act  of  September  29, 
1890,  of  the  grant  to  the  Mobile  and  Girard  Eailroad  Company,  was 
submitted  to  the  Department  on  April  21  and  was  approved  on  April 
24,  1893.  Under  this  adjustment  302,181.16  acres  of  land  w^ere  allotted 
to  the  company  for  the  benefit  of  its  grantees  and  in  full  satisfaction  of 
the  grant  for  said  company  under  the  act  of  June  3,1856,  and  the  eighth 
section  of  the  act  of  1890  aforesaid. 

As  there  had  been  previously  certified  under  this  grant  504,167.11 
acres  of  land,  there  remained,  after  satisfying  the  grant,  201,985.95 
acres  for  restoration  to  entry,  and  the  local  officers  at  Montgomery, 
Ala.,  were  directed  to  restore  these  lands,  on  a  day  to  be  fixed  by  them, 
ninety  days  after  the  publication  of  a  notice  in  a  newspaper  of  general 
circulation  in  their  vicinity  to  all  claimants  of  the  intended  restoration. 

Thenotice  was  duly  given,  and  from  a  report  of  the  localoffice  the  lands 
were  to  be  oi^ened  to  entry  on  July  19, 1893,  excepting  tracts  embraced 
in  the  case  of  certain  homestead  claimants  who  were  autjiorized  to 
malvc  entry  during  the  i)eriod  of  x)ublication. 


DEPARTJyiENTAL  ACTION. 

In  making  the  restorations  under  the  forfeiture  act  of  SeiJtember  29, 
1890,  all  the  unpatented  lands  lying  opposite  the  unconstructed  and 
forfeited  portion  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Eailroad  in  Oregon,  except- 
ing a  moiety  lying  within  the  constructed  Cascade  Branch  of  said  com- 
pany's road,  were,  with  the  approval  of  the  Department,  ordered  restored 
to  entry,  and  the  restoration  included  certain  lands  lying  within  the 
subsequent  grants  by  acts  of  July  25,  1866,  and  February  25,  1867,  to 
the  Oregon  and  California  Railroad  Comi^any-and  The  Dalles  Military 
Eoad  Company,  respectively.  A  protest  was  filed  by  the  Oregon  and 
California  Railroad  Conij^any  against  the  allowance  of  entries  for  the 
lauds  within  the  limits  of  its  grant,  and  the  suspension  from  dis^iosal 
of  all  lands  within  its  granted  limits  and  of  the  patented  and  selected 
lands  within  its  indemnity  limits  was  made  with  the  approval  of  the 
Department,  pending  the  determination  of  a  suit  by  the  United  States 
to  recover  the  title  to  certain  lands  within  the  overlapping  limits  of 
the  two  grants  which  had  been  erroneously  patented  to  the  company. 

There  was  no  suspen-sion  from  entry  of  the  forfeited  lands  within  the 
limits  of  The  Dalles  military  road  grant,  but  the  local  officers  at  The 
Dalles,  Oregon,  the  district  wherein  the  lands  are  situated,  having 
rejected  certain  applications  for  said  lands,  the  attorneys  for  the  appli- 
cants, in  a  letter  addressed  to  the  Department,  asked  that  they  be 
instructed  to  allow  the  entries. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     659 

The  letter  was  referred  to  this  office  for  report;  the  report  was  made, 
and  after  consideration  thereof  tlie  Department  on  May  13,  1893, 
directed  that  entries  of  the  lands  be  allowed.  Suitable  instructions 
were  given  the  local  officers  on  May  23,  1893,  for  the  disposal  of  the 
lands,  and  on  June  7,  1893,  the  president  of  the  company  was  called 
upon  to  show  cause  why  the  proper  steps  should  not  be  t^ken  for  the 
recovery  of  certain  of  the  land  within  the  limits  aforesaid  which  had 
been  erroneously  patented  to  The  Dalles  comi)any. 

An  application  for  tlie  revocation  of  the  order  for  the  disposal  of  the 
lands  has  been  filed  by  the  company,  was  submitted  to  the  Department 
July  10,  1893,  and  is  still  pending. 

A  reply  to  the  rule  to  show  cause,  served  upon  the  president  of  the 
company,  has  been  filed,  and  will  be  submitted  in  due  course  of  busi- 
ness. 

SUPREME   COURT  DECISIONS. 

During  the  past  year  several  decisions  have  been  rendered  hj  the 
United  States  Supreme  Court  affecting  the  rights  of  land-grant  rail- 
roads, a  brief  mention  of  which  herein  is  deemed  proper. 

In  the  case  of  the  United  States  m.  the  Southern  Pacific  Eailroad 
Company  (14G  U.  S.,  520),  it  was  decided  that  certain  land  lying  within 
the  State  of  California  and  within  the  common  j)rimary  limits  of  the 
grant  to  the  Southern  Pacific  Eailroad  Cojnpany  and  that  portion  of 
the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Company's  grant  which  was  declared  forfeited 
by  the  act  of  July  6,  1880,  did  not  pass  under  the  grant  to  the  former, 
but  reverted  to  the  United  States. 

And  in  the  case  of  the  United  States  vs.  Cotton,  Marble  &  Co.,  and 
the  United  States  vs.  Southern  Pacific  Eailroad  Company  (146  IJ'.  S., 
615),  the  court  held  that  lands  lying  within  the  indemnity  limits  of  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  grant  and  the  primary  limits  of  the  grant  to  the 
Southern  Pacific  Company,  were  also  excepted  from  the  latter  grant, 
and  were  restored  to  the  public  domain.  The  result  of  these  decisions 
will  be  the  restoration  to  entry  of  a  large  quantity  of  land,  but  as  a 
comparatively  small  quantity  was  involved  in  these  cases,  and  ques- 
tions affecting  their  statns  as  well  as  that  of  other  lands  within  the 
limits  specified,  but  not  involved  in  the  litigation,  are  pending,  their 
restoration  will  necessarily  be  deferred  until  said  questions  shall  be 
determined. 

The  case  of  the  United  States  v.  Union  Pacific  Eailway  Company 
(148  U.  S.,  562),  originated  in  a  bill  in  equity  filed  by  the  Government 
against  the  company  and  others  holding  title  under  it,  to  secure  the 
cancellation  of  certain  patents  issued  to  the  Kansas  Pacific  Eailroad 
Company  and  Denver  Pacific  Eailway  and  Telegraph  Companv,  upon 
the  ground  that  the  grant  by  the  act  of  July  1,  1862  (12  Sta-t,  489),  as 
amended,  to  the  Union  Pacific  Eailway  Company,  eastern  division,  to 
aid  in  the  construction  of  a  railroad  from  Kansas  Citv,  Mo.,  to  Denver 
Colo.,  and  that  by  the  act  of  March  3,  1869  (15  Stat.,  324),  to  aid  in  the 
construction  of  the  road  from  Denver  to  a  connection  with  the  Union 
Pacific  Eailroad  at  Cheyenne,  to  the  Denver  Pacific  Eailroad  Company, 
were  two  distinct  and  separate  grants,  and  should  be  adjusted  sepa- 
rately. And  that  upon  such  adjustments  the  terminals  drawn  for  the 
grants  at  Denver  left  a  triangle  southwest  of  said  city  beyond  and  out- 
side the  limits  of  both  grants.  The  lands  in  question  are  situated 
within  said  triangle. 

The  decision  of  the  court  was  adverse  to  the  United  States,  it  hold- 


G60  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

ing  that  tlic  graut  of  July  1,  18G2,  as  amended,  to  construct  a  road  to 
Denver  and  iioni  tlience  northerly  to  connect  with  the  Union  Pacific  at 
Cheyenne,  was  not  affected  by  the  act  of  March  3,  18G9,  in  such  a  way 
as  to  make  it  toternnnate  at  Denver,  and  cause  tlie  grant  to  end  there. 
The  decision  in  effect  was  that  the  grant  was  continuous  and  included 
the  triangle  aforesaid.  Few  if  any  entries  of  tlie  lands  involved  have 
been  allowed,  and  the  decision  will  result  in  no  hardship  to  settlers. 

In  United  States  vs.  California  and  Oregon  Land  Company  (148  U. 
S.,  31),  successor  to  the  Oregon  Central  Military  Eoad  Company,  the 
suit  was  brought  pursuant  to  the  act  of  Congress  approved  March  2, 
1889  (25  Stat.,  850),  with  a  view  to  declare  a  forfeiture  of  the  grant  to 
aid  in  the  construction  of  the  wagon  road.  The  decision  was  against 
the  United  States. 

A  similar  suit  against  the  Dalles  Military  Eoad  Company  was  also 
decided  against  the  United  States  (148  U.  S.,  49),  and  in  the  suit  against 
the  Willamette  Valley  and  Cascade  Mountain  \Vagon  Eoad  Company, 
involving  similar  questions,  the  Attorney-General,  on  March  8,  1893, 
directed  the  United  States  attorney  at  Portland,  Oregon,  to  dismiss  the 
appeal  by  the  Government  to  the  circuit  court  of  appeals. 

Certain  lands,  selected  and  listed  by  the  companies  for  patent,  have 
been  suspended,  awaiting  the  result  of  these  suits,  but  may  now  be 
examined  and  passed  upon,  the  cau.se  of  suspension  having  been 
removed,  and  they  will  be  taken  up  for  examination  as  early  as  jiractic- 
able. 

The  grant  to  the  Willamette  Valley  road  has  already  been  examined 
and  data  collected  for  its  adjustment. 


CONTEST  CASES. 

The  contest  division  (H)has  charge  of  a  class  of  contest  cases  arising 
in  the  course  of  administration  of  the  laws  for  the  disposal  of  the  public 
lands.  There  are  certain  other  contests,  however,  which  are  disposed 
of  in  the  preemi^tion  division  (G),  private-claims  division  (D),  the  min- 
eral division  (X),  the  railroad  division  (F),  the  special-service  division 
(P),  and  the  swamp-land  division  (K).  The  condition  of  the  work  as 
regards  the  cases  disposed  of  in  the  contest  division  (H)  during  the  fiscal 
year  and  the  cases  still  pending  therein  are  indicated  in  the  following 
statement,  viz : 

Appealed  (docket)  cases : 

Ou  Land  July  1,  1892  (iucluding  181  undecided  and  1,721 

cases  decided  but  not  liually  closed) 1,  S05 

Received  during  the  year 1,  015 

• 2,  920 

Closed  during  the  year 593 

Transmitted  to  honorable  Secretary 1, 101 

Referred  to  other  divisions 20 

1,  714 

Balance  appeal  cases  on  hand 1,  206 

Decided,  but  not  finally  closed 1,  015 

Balance  undecided  appeal  cases  on  hand 191 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     661 

Unappealed  cases : 

Ou  band  July  1,  1892  (including  106  undecided  and  398  cases 

decided  biit  not  finally  closed) 504 

Received  dur in <r  the  year 4,  576 

°  5,  080 

Examined  and  closed ^,  116 

Referred  to  other  divisions  . . , - 31 

4, 147 

Balance  unappealed  cases  on  hand 933 

Decided,  but  not  finally  closed 383 

Balance  undecided  unappealed  cases  on  hand 550 

Total  undecided  contests  on  hand 741 

Entries  canceled  during  the  year 3,  942 

Entries  involved  in  pending  contests 2, 139 

Acres  involved  in  pending  contests 342,  240 

MINERAL  LANDS. 

Mineral,  mill-site,  and  coal  entries  examined  during  the  year 1,  388 

Mineral  and  mill-site  applications  (final  proof  not  made)  examined  during  the 

year,  estimated • 45 

Mineral  and  mill  site  patents  i-ssued  during  the  year 1,  623 

Coal  patents  issued  during  the  year 104 

Contests  considered  during  the  year 127 

Quasi  contests  and  agricultural  cases  considered  during  the  year 316 

The  work  in  tbe  division  (i^)  is  about  up  to  date.  Tlie  contest  cases, 
whicli  are  reported  as  being-  tliree  mouths  in  arrears,  are,  in  fact,  taken 
up  for  examination  as  soon  as  is  practicable,  owing  to  the  time  required 
by  resident  attorneys  for  examination  and  the  tiling-  of  briefs  after  the 
record  is  received. 

While  the  number  of  entries  patented  is  less  than  for  the  previous 
year,  yet  considerable  time  has  been  devoted  to  disposing-  of  the  cases 
in  the  suspended  files,  which  show  a  material  reduction  since  last  year's 
re])ort. 

This  has  been  accomplished  without  allowing  the  current  entries, 
which  are  taken  up  for  examination  at  the  i^roper  time  and  in  the  order 
in  which  they  are  received,  to  fall  in  arrears. 

During-  the  past  year,  under  the  instructions  of  the  honorable  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior,  it  has  recjuired  a  considerable  x)ortion  of  the  time 
of  two  clerks  to  examine  the  records,  not  only  as  to  the  character  of 
the  land  in  the  townships  containing-  raih-oad  selections,  but  also  as  to 
the  character  of  all  the  lauds  in  the  vicinity  of  the  townships  contain- 
ing- selections.  This  last  requirement  involves  a  greater  amount  of 
work  than  was  formerly  required,  which  work  is  not  represented  in  the 
above  estimate. 

It  has  also  become  the  policy  of  the  Department  to  require  an  exam- 
ination of  the  records,  by  this  division,  for  evidence  of  the  nonmineral 
character  of  the  lands  embraced  in  State  selections  made  under  the 
enabling'  acts. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  work  of  this  division  is  increasing,  both 
in  the  character  and  amount  of  the  work. 


GG2 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


PEOTECTION   OF   PUBLIC   LANDS. 

The  uumber  of  reports  received  from  special  agents  and  acted  upon 
during  the  year  is  as  follows : 

Agents'  reports  pending  Jnno  30,  1892 452 

Agents'  reports  received  during  tlio  year 1,  390 

Total 1,812 

Agents'  reports  acted  on  during  the  year 1,  442 

Agents'  reports  pending  Jmie  30,  1893 400 

Seven  hundred  and  eighty-nine  cases  were  referred  to  the  special 
agents  for  investigation,  hearings  were  ordered  in  96  cases,  385  cases 
were  held  for  cancellation,  358  canceled,  and  1,2G9  examined  and  passed. 
Final  action  was  taken  in  2,418  cases,  and  there  are  now  pending  in  the 
division  (June  30,  1803),  2,422  cases. 

There  are  37  records  of  hearings  nowpending  action,  and  412  registers' 
and  receivers'  reports,  and  miscellaneous  letters,  awaiting  answer. 

Cases  pending  in  Division  P,  June  SO,  1S93. 


Kinds  of  cases. 

3 

a 
o 

N 

*«1 

a 

-4 

C3 

g 

(J 

d 

J 
o 
O 

o 

o 
a 

M 

a 

1 

'3 

i 

2 

0 

•  i 

i 

ii 

17 
14 
15 
2 

6 
1 
1 
6 
3 
3 

U 

2 

1 
2 

42 

89 

22 
6 
8 

1 
742 

4 

5 
3 
24 

1 

1 

"4' 
1 
8 

8 
1 

21 

2 

11 

9 

45 
133 

2 

2 

1 
18 

2 

13 

3 

10 

::::"' 

Desert-land  entries 

4 
3 

5 

Final  desert-laud  entries 

'"'io' 

5 

14 

16 
9 

Coal  entries 

1 

Coal  filings 

|---- 

!■■"■ 

Total 

48 

27 

29 

931 

84 

1 

27 

13 

12 

25 

189 

11 

Kinds  of  cases. 

'U4 

3 
0 

§ 

03 

Izi 

6 
<a 

i 
0 

n 

Si 

0 

(3 

a 

eS 
3 
0 

a 
0 

£ 
0 

0 

P 

0 

i 

t3 

1 
fco 

1 

n 
g 
S 

"3 

0 
H 

1 

1 

1 
.... 

3 
2 

81 
4 
1 

30 
6 
2 

1 

45 
3 
16 
15 

12 

9 

12 

\ 
1 

1 

2 

31 
5 
2 

39 
2 

13 
4 
2 

"'2' 
"3' 

296 

180 

22 

6 

1 
163 

2 

8 
23 

1 
3 

112 

324 

Prei'inption  filings | 

39 

3    .... 

5 

220 

ITinnl  tiuibor-cnUtire  entries ' 

1 

Timbei-land  en ( ries I 

. 

136 
2 

229 

1,117 

Desert -land  entries 1 

5 

2 

6 

7 

31 

Final  dosi'rt  land  entries * 

8 

Private  cash  entries | 

2 

.     .  ^.... 

12 

Mineral  e.iitries                                                 i 

2 
3 

i 

2 
19 
4 

34 

Coal  entries 1 

1 

1 

.... 

12 

44 

Coal  filings L   -  - 

1 

4 

2 

17 



85 

11 

18 

11 

19 

29 

Total 

124 

204 

172 

333 

2,422 

TIMBER  DEPREDATIONS. 

Mnety-two  cases  of  depredations  upon  public  timber  have  been 
reported  daring  the  year,  involving  public  timber,  and  the  products 
therefrom,  to  the  value  of  $105,092.40  recoverable  to  the  Government. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     6G3 

The  amount  involved  in  propositions  of  settlement  accepted  by  tliis 
office,  and  compromises  effected  under  section  3460,  United  States 
Revised  Statutes,  is  $11,503.24;  and  tlie  amount  recovered  through 
legal  proceedings  so  far  of  record  (the  United  States  attorneys'  reports 
for  various  districts  not  having  been  received  up  to  date  of  preparing 
this  report)  is  §43,049,42;  making  a  total  amount  recovered  during  the 
year  on  aecount  of  depredations  upon  the  i^ublic  timber  of  854,552.66. 

On  the  1st  of  July,  1S93,  so  far  as  reported  by  the  United  States 
attorneys,  there  were  pending  in  the  United  States  courts  105  civil 
siuts,  for  the  recovery  of  a  total  amount  of  8839,880.26,  for  the  value 
of  timber  alleged  to  have  been  unlawfully  cut  from  public  lauds,  and 
227  criminal  prosecutions,  for  the  act  of  cutting  or  removing  timber  in 
violation  of  law. 

The  fact  that  reports  from  some  of  the  United  States  attorneys  have 
not  as  yet  been  received  renders  it  impracticable  at  this  time  to  sub- 
mit a  statement  which  will  correctly  present  the  condition  of  cases 
involving  legal  i)roceedings. 


TBIBER  ON  THE  PUBLIC  LANDS. 

This  office  has  met  with  almost  insurmountable  difficulties  in  the 
way  of  successftiUy  prosecuting  cases  of  alleged  depredations  upon  the 
public  timber,  and  of  eflectually  protecting  and  preserving  the  same, 
by  reason  of  the  several  ambiguous  and  conflicting  laws  now  on  our 
statute  books  relating  thereto.  In  order  that  this  may  be  readily 
understood  and  appreciated,  I  submit  the  following  schedule  of  such 
laws:  • 

Section  2461,  provides  a  fine  of  triple  the  vahie  of  the  timber  and  imprisonment 
not  exceeding  twelve  months,  in  instances  in  -which  timber  is  cut  or  removed  from 
public  lands  reserved  for  the  use  of  the  Navy,  or  from  any  any  other  public  lands  for 
use  other  than  for  the  Navy  of  the  United  States.     (See  4751.) 

Section  2462,  provides  for  the  forfeiture  to  the  United  States  of  any  vessel  having 
on  board,  with  knowledge  of  the  master,  owner  or  consignee,  timber  taken  from 
naval  reserve  or  other  public  lands,  with  iut-ent  to  transport  the  same  to  any  i>ort 
or  place  within  the  United  States,  or  for  export  to  any  foreign  country;  and  further 
provides  that  the  captain  or  master  of  such  vessel  shall  pay  to  the  United  States  a 
sum  not  exceeding  $1,000.     (See  4751.) 

Section  2463,  provides  that  collectors  of  customs  in  Alabama,  Mississippi,  Ix)uis- 
iaua,  and  Florida,  before  allowing  clearance  to  any  vessel  having  on  board  live-oak 
timber,  must  ascertain  that  the  same  was  cut  from  private  lands,  or  if  from  public 
lauds,  by  consent  of  the  Navy  Department;  and  also  provides  that  timely  iirosecu- 
tion  be  instituted  against  parties  guilty  of  depredations  on  live  oak  in  those  States. 
(See  4205,  4751.) 

Section  4205  reads  as  follows :  "  Collectors  of  the  collection  districts  within  the 
States  of  Florida,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  and  Louisiana,  l)efore  .allowing  clearauce  to 
any  vessel  laden  in  whole  or  in  part  with  live-oak  timber,  shall  ascertain  satisfac- 
torily that  such  timber  was  cut  from  private  lands,  or  if  from  public  lauds,  by  con- 
sent of  the  Department  of  the  Navy."     (See  2463.) 

Section  4751  provides  that  all  penalties  and  forfeitures  under  sections  2461,  2462, 
and  2463  shall  be  recovered,  etc.,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy — 
one-half  to  be  paid  to  the  informers  or  captors  and  the  other  half  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Navy;  and  also  authorizes  the  Secretary  to  mitigate  any  fine,  penalty,  or  for- 
feiture so  incurred. 

Section  5388  provides  a  fine  of  not  more  than  $500  and  imprisonment  not  more 
than  twelve  months  in  every  iustance  in  which  timber  is  unlawfully  cut  or  injured 
on  lauds  reserved  or  purchased  for  milita-ry  or  other  purposes.     (See  2460-2463.) 

Act  of  March  3,  1875  (18  Stats.,  481),  section  1  provi<les  a  fine  of  not  exceeding 
$500  or  imprisonment  not  exceeding  twelve  months,  in  instances  in  which  orna- 
mental or  other  trees  on  surveyed  public  lands  which  have  been  reserved,  have  been 
cut  or  injured. 

Section  2  provides  a  fine  not  exceeding  $200  or  imprisonment  not  exceeding  six 


664  TAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

montlis  for  the  breaking  open  or  destroying  of  any  gate,  fence,  hedge,  or  wall  inclos- 
ing any  lands  reserved  or  pnrcliased  by" the  United  States. 

Section  3  provides  a  penalty  of  not  exceeding  $500,  or  imprisonment  not  exceeding 
twelve  months  for  tlie  breaking  in  of  any  iuclosnro  around  lands  reserved  or  pur- 
chased by  the  United  States,  and  permitting  cattle,  horses,  and  hogs  to  enter  therein 
■when  they  may  or  can  destroy  the  grass,  trees,  or  other  property  of  the  United 
States. 

Act  of  Marcli  3,  1875  (18  Stats.,  482),  grants  the  right  of  way  through  the  public 
lands  of  the  United  States  to  any  railroad  company  which  has  filed  witli  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  due  jiroof  of  its  organization,  etc.,  and,  also,  the  right  to  take, 
from  lands  adjacent  to  the  line  of  the  road,  timber  necessary  for  the  construction  of 
the  road.     (See  Rules  and  Regulations  prescribed  August  29,  1885.) 

The  several  land  grants  to  railroads  also  authorized  them  to  cut  timber  from  pub- 
lic lands  for  construction  purposes.  This  authority,  however,  is  confined  strictly  to 
timber  for  construction  purposes  in  every  grant  except  that  to  the  Denver  and  Rio 
Grande  Railroad,  which  authorizes  said  road  to  take  timber  for  repairs  also. 

Act  of  April  30,  1878  (20  Stats.,  46),  provides  "That  where  wood  and  timber 
lands  in  the  Territories  of  the  United  States  are  not  surveyed  and  offered  for  sale  in 
proper  subdivisions,  convenient  of  access,  no  money  herein  appropriated  shall  be 
nsed  to  collect  any  cliarge  for  wood  or  timber  cut  on  the  public  lauds  in  the  Territo- 
ries of  the  United  States  for  the  use  of  actual  settlers  in  the  Territory  and  not  for 
export  from  the  Territories  of  the  United  States  where  the  timber  grew:  Atid  j)ro- 
rided  further,  That  if  any  timber  cut  on  the  public  lauds  shall  be  exported  from  the 
Territories  of  tlie  United  States  it  shall  be  liable  to  seizure  by  United  States  author- 
ity wherever  found." 

This  provision  was  undoubtedly  intended  to  be  general  and  permanent  in  its  effect, 
but  as  it  only  related  to  the  money  appropriated  by  that  act,  it  is  a  question  as  to 
whether  it  did  not  expire  with  the  act. 

Act  of  June  3,  1878  (20  Stats.,  88),  authorizes  citizens  and  bona  fide  residents  of 
Colorado,  Nevada,  Ivew  Mexico,  Arizona,  Utah,  Wyoming,  Dakotii,  Idaho,  and  Mon- 
tana, and  all  other  mineral  districts,  to  use  for  building,  agricultural,  mining,  or 
other  domestic  purposes,  timber  on  i)ublic  lands,  said  lauds  being  miueral,  and  not 
subject  to  entry  under  existing  laws  of  Wie  United  States,  except  for  mineral  entry. 
(See  Rules  and  Regulations  prescribed  August  5,  1886.) 

Act  of  June  3,  1878  (20  Stats.,  89),  section  1  provides  for  the  sale  of  unreserved  sur- 
veyed but  unoffered  public  timl)ered  lauds  in  Califoruia,  Oregon,  Nevada,  and  Wash- 
ington in  quantities  not  exceeding  160  acres  to  any  one  person  or  association  of  i)er- 
sons  at  $2.50  per  acre. 

Section  4  prohibits  the  cutting,  removing,  or  destroying  of  any  timber  on  public 
lands  in  the  States  named  with  intent  to  export  or  dispose  of  the  same,  under  pen- 
alty to  the  trespasser  and  the  owner  or  consignee  of  any  vessel  or  railroad  on  which 
the  timber  is  transported  of  a  fine  of  not  less  than  $100  or  more  than  $1,000. 

Section  5  xn-ovides  that  any  person  who  is  prosecuted  in  the  States  named  for 
trespass  under  section  2461,  United  States  Revised  Statutes,  may  be  relieved  from 
prosecution  by  paying  a  sum  equal  to  $2.50  per  acre  for  the  land  on  which  the  timber 
was  cut.     (See  Rules  and  Regulations  prescribed  August  15,  1878). 

Act  of  June  15,  1880  (20  Stats.,  237),  provides  that  where  timber  was  unlawfully 
cut  from  public  timber  lands  prior  to  March  1,  1879,  and  the  lands  have  subse 
quently  been  entered  and  the  Government  price  paid  therefor  in  full,  no  criminal 
proceedings  for  trespass  shall  be  further  maintained ;  and  no  civil  suit  shall  be  main- 
tained where  the  timber  was  taken  in  clearing  the  land  for  cultivation,  or  working 
a  mining  claim,  or  for  agricultural  or  domestic  purposes,  or  for  maintaining  the 
improvenumts  of  a  settler,  etc. 

Act  of  Juue  4,  1888  (25  Stats.,  166),  provides  as  follows: 

"That  section  fifty-three  hundred  and  eighty-eight  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the 
United  States  be  amended  so  as  to  read  as  follows:  'Every  person  who  unlawfully 
cuts  or  aids  or  is  employed  in  unlawfully  cutting,  or  wantonly  destroys  or  procures 
to  be  Avantonly  destroyed  any  timber  standing  lipon  the  land  of  the  United  States, 
which,  in  pursuance  of  law,  may  be  reserved  or  i)urehased  for  military  or  other  pur- 
poses, or  upon  any  Indian  reservation,  or  lauds  belonging  to  or  occupied  by  any  tribe 
of  Indians  under  authority  of  the  United  States,  shall  pay  a  fine  of  not'more  than 
five  hundred  dollars  or  be  imprisoned  not  more  than  twelve  months,  or  both,  in  the 
discretion  of  the  court.'" 

Act  of  February  16,  1889  (25  Stats.,  673),  provides  that  the  President  may  author- 
ize the  Indians  residing  on  reservations  or  allotments,  the  fee  to  which  renuiins  in 
the  Unitetl  States,  to  fell,  remove,  and  dispose  of  the  dead  or  down  timber  thereon 
for  the  sole  benefit  of  the  Indians.  It  is  further  provided  that  whenever  there  is 
cause  to  believe  that  the  timber  has  been  killed  or  otherwise  injured  for  the  purpojso 
of  securing  its  sale  under  this  act  such  aathoritv  shall  not  be  granted. 

Act  of  March  3,  1891  (26  Stats.,  1093),  entitled  "An  act  to  amend  eection  8  of  anact 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     665 

approYed  March  3,  1891/'  etc.,  permits  residents  in  the  States  of  Colorado,  Montana, 
Idaho,  North  Dakota,  .South  Dakota,  Wyoming,  and  Nevada,  the  District  of  Alaska, 
and  the  Territory  of  Utah  to  take  timber  from  public  lands  therein  under  rules  and 
regulations  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior.  (See  Rules  and  Regulations 
prescribed  May  5,  1891.) 

Act  of  March  3,  1891  (26  Stats.,  1095),  section  21  of  which  provides  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  forest  reservations  in  any  State  or  Territory  having  public  lands  bearing 
forests.     (Sec  Rules  and  Regulations  prescribed  May  15,  1891.) 

Act  of  August  4,  1892  (27  Stats.,  348),  extending  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  June 
3,  1878  (20  Stats.,  89),  to  all  the  public-land  States. 

Act  of  February  13, 1893  (27  Stats.,  314),  extends  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  March 
3,  1891  (26  Stats.,  1093),  to  include  the  Territories  of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona. 

In  addition  to  tlie  above  specific  legislation  in  respect  to  timber  on 
public  lands  the  inceptive  rights  acquired  by  a  homestead  claimant 
are  held  to  extend  to  the  use  of  so  much  timber  as  it  may  be  necessary 
to  fell  or  remove  in  clearing  the  land  for  cultivation  or  for  buildings, 
fences,  or  other  improvements  on  the  land. 

RECAPITULATION. 
ACTS  FOR  THE   PROTECTION  AND   PRESERVATION   OF   THE   PUBLIC  TIMBER. 

Section  2460,  United  States  Revised  Statutes :  Authorizing  use  of  Army  and  Navy 
to  prevent  timber  depredations  in  Florida. 

Section  2461,  United  States  Revised  Statutes:  Prohibiting  the  cutting  of  timber 
from  any  public  lands  for  any  purpose  whatever,  except  for  the  use  of  the  Navy  of 
the  United  States. 

Section  2462,  United  States  Revised  Statutes :  Providing  penalties  for  transporting 
or  exporting  any  timljer  cut  from  naval  reserve  or  any  other  public  lands. 

Sections2463  and  4205,  United  States  Revised  Statutes :  Providing  that  collectors  of 
customs  in  Alabama,  Florida,  Louisiana,  and  Mississippi  must  see  to  it  that  no  live-oak 
timber  is  transported  or  exported  out  of  said  resiiective  States. 

Section  4751,  United  States  Revised  Statutes :  Providing  relative  to  recovering  and 
disposition  of  penalties  and  forfeitures  under  sections  2461,  2462,  and  2463 

Section  5388,  United  States  Revised  Statutes :  Prohibiting  the  cutting  or  destroying 
of  timber  on  reserved  lands. 

Act  of  March  3, 1875  (18  Stats.,  481) :  Prohibiting  the  cutting,  destroying,  or  injur- 
ing of  any  trees  on  reserved  lands. 

Act  of  June  3,  1878,  section  4  (20  Stats.,  89) :  Prohibiting  the  cutting  of  timber 
in  California,  Oregon,  Nevada,  or  Washington  for  export,  disposal,  or  transportation. 
This  act,  by  act  of  August  4, 1892,  applies  to  all  the  public-land  States. 

Act  of  June  4,  1888  (25  Stats.,  166) :  Prohibiting  the  cutting  of  timber  on  lauds 
reserved  for  military  or  other  purposes,  or  on  Indian  reservations,  etc. 

Act  of  March  3,  1891  (26  Stats.,  1095):  Authorizing  the  President  of  the  United 
States  to  make  forest  reservations. 

ACTS  AUTnORIZIXG  THE   USE  OF   PUBLIC  TIMBER. 

Act  of  March  3, 1875  (18  Stats.,  482) :  Authorizing  right-of-way  railroads  to  procure 
timber  from  public  lauds  for  construction  purposes. 

Act  of  April  30,  1878  (20  Stats.,  48):  Providing  that  none  of  the  money  thereby- 
appropriated  shall  be  used  in  the  prosecution  of  suits  for  timber  trespass  Avhere  the 
timber  has  not  been  exported  out  of  the  State  or  Territory  where  cut.  Expired  by 
limitation — only  applied  to  that  year's  appropriation. 

Act  of  June  3, 1878  (20  Stats.,  88) :  Authorizing  the  cutting  of  timber  from  public 
mineral  lands  in  Colorado,  Nevada,  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  Utah,  Wyoming,  Dakota, 
Idaho,  and  INIontana  for  domestic  purposes. 

Act  of  June  3, 1878  (20  Stats.,  89) :  Authorizing  the  sale  of  public  timber  lands  in 
California,  Oregon,  Nevada,  and  Washington,  and  the  cutting  by  miners  and  agi-icul- 
turists  for  their  own  individual  use  onl}-,  and  for  the  use  of  the  United  States. 
This  act,  by  the  act  of  August  4, 1892  (27  Stats.,  348),  is  extended  to  all  the  public-land 
States. 

Act  of  February  16,  1889  (25  Stats.,  673) :  Authorizing  Indians  on  reservations  to 
cut,  remove,  and  dispose  of  dead  and  down  timber. 

Act  of  March  3,  1891  (26  Stats.,  1093):  Authorizing  the  cutting  of  timber  in  Col- 
orado, Montana,  Idaho,  North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  Wyoming,  Alaska,  Nevada, 


G66  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

and  Utah  foi-  all  domestic  piirposca,  under  rules  and  regulations  to  bo  Rrescribed 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior.  The  act  of  February  13,  1893  (27  Stat.,  344), 
extends  the  oi)eration.s  to  New  Mexico  and  Arizona. 

Act  of  August  4,  18*92  (27  Stats.,  348) :  Extending  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  June 
3,  1878  (20  Stats.,  89)  to  all  the  public-land  States. 

Act  of  February  13,  1893  (27  Stats.,  344) :  Extending  the  provisions  of  the  act'of 
March  3,  1891  (26  Stats.,  1093),  to  include  the  Territories  of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona. 

A  careful  examination  and  com])arison  of  tlie  provisions  of  tliese 
several  laws  disclose  the  utter  inadequacy  of  legislation  thus  far 
enacted  to  provide  for  the  legitimate  procuring  of  public  timber  to 
supply  the  actual  necessities  of  the  people  dependent  thereon  in  aiding 
and  promoting  settlement  and  developing  the  natural  resources  of  the 
public  lands,  or  to  properly  protect  and  preserve  the  forests  for  the 
conservation  of  the  water  supply  and  the  needs  of  the  future. 

******** 

After  a  careful  consideration  of  the  subject  I  am  of  the  opinion  that 
Congress  should  provide  legislation  by  which  the  authority  would  be 
placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  have  the  lands 
properly  to  be  classed  as  timber,  or  lands  more  valuable  for  the  timber 
thereon  than  for  agriculture  or  for  minerals,  segregated  from  the  other 
classes  of  public  lands  and  held  for  disposal  at  suclf  price,  not  less  than 
$2.50  per  acre,  as  to  him  may  appear  proper,  or,  at  his  discretion,  for 
the  sale  of  the  timber  thereon  at  such  rates  of  stumpage  as  he  may 
judge  suitable,  after  examination  by  the  proper  agents  of  the  Depart- 
ment, with  such  i)rovision  as  to  ways  and  means  of  accomplishing  the 
j)urpose  in  view  as  the  wisdom  of  Congress  may  devise,  and  with  the 
further  provision  that  the  money  to  arise  from  the  disposal  of  the  timber 
or  land  may  be  applied  to  x)aying  the  expenses  of  protecting  the  timber 
from  depredations,  fire,  etc.,  the  remainder  to  be  placed  in  the  Treasury. 

I  would,  therefore,  respectfully  recommend  such  legislation. 


FOREST  RESERVATIONS. 

During  the  year  nine  additional  forest  reservations  have  been  created 
under  section  24  of  the  act  of  March  3, 1891  (2G  Stats.,  1095),  authorizing 
the  President  to  set  aside  and  reserve,  from  time  to  time,  public  lands 
bearing  forests  or  in  part  covered  with  timber  or  undergrowth. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


667 


There  are  now  fifteen  of  these  reservations,  embracing 
area  of  13,053,440  acres,  as  follows : 


m  estimated 


states  and  Tcr- 
litories.       t 


Kame  of  reserration. 


Locality. 


Date  of  proc- 
lamation   . 

creating  res- 
ervation. 


Estimated 
area. 


Alaska 


Arizona  .. 
California 


Colorado. 


Ne-n-  Mexico. 

Oregon 

Washington . 
Wyoming  ... 


Afognak  Forest  and 
Fish  Culture  Ee- 
serve. 


Grand  Canyon  Forest 

Eeserve. 
San  Gabriel  Timber 

Land  Reserve. 
Sierra  Forest  Ilesorve- 

San  BemardLno  For- 
est Reserve. 

Trabuco  Canyon  For- 
est Reserve. 

White  River  Plateau 
Timber  Land  Ee- 
serve. 

Pikes  Peak  Timber 
Land  Reserve. 

Plnm  Creek  TiniDer 
Land  Reser^-e. 

The  South  Platte  For- 
est Reserve. 

Battlement  Mesa  For- 
est Eeserve. 

The  Pecos  River  For- 
est Reserve. 

Lull  Run  Timber 
Land  Reserve. 

The  P.acitic  Forest 
Eeserve. 

Yellowstone  ISTational 
Park  Timber  Land 
Eeserve. 


Afognak  Island  and  its  adjacent  ;  Dec.  24, 1S92 

bays  and  rocks  and  territorial  ; 

waters,      including,      among 

others,  the  Sea  Lion  Rocks  and 

Sea    Otter   Lsland.     (Reserved 

under  sees.  24  and   14,  act  of 

March  3, 1891.) 
In  Coconino  County 


In  Los  Angeles  and  San  Ber- 
nardino counties. 

In  Mono,  Mariposa.  Fresno, 
Tulare,  Inyo,  and  Kern  counties. 

In  San  Bernardino  County 


In  Orange  County . 


In  Eoutt,  Rio  Blanco,  Garfield, 
and  Eagle  counties. 

In  El  Paso  County 


In  Douglas  County 

In  Park,  Jeiferson,  Summit,  and 
Chalfee  countie.*. 

In  Garfield,  Mesa,  Pitkin,  Delta, 
and  Gunnison  counties. 

In  Santa  Fe,  San  Miguel,  Rio  Ar- 
riba, and  Taos  counties. 

In  Multnomah,  Wasco,  and  Clack- 
amas counties. 

In  Pierce,  Kittitas,  Lewis,  and 
Yakima  counties. 

On  the  south  and  east  of  the  Yel- 
lowstone National  Park. 


Feb.  20,1&93 
Dec.  20, 1892 
Feb.  14,1893 
Feb.  25,1893 
Feb.  25,1893 
Oct.   16,1891 

<;Feb.ll.]892? 
^Mar.18, 18925 

June  23, 1892 

Dec.    9, 1892 

Dec.  24,1892 

Jan.   11,1892 

June  17, 1892 

Feb.  20, 1893 

•(Mar.SO,  1891! 
^Sept.lO,18'Jl< 


Acres. 


1,851,520 
.  555,  520 
i,  096, 000 
737, 280 
49, 920 
1, 198, 080 

184, 320 
179,  200 
683,  520 
858,  240 
311, 040 
142,  080 
907,  680 
1, 239,  040 


The  areas  given  are  the  estimated  aggregate  areas  lying  within  the 
boundaries  of  the  reservations.  The  lands  actually  reserved  are  only 
the  vacant,  unappropriated  public  lands,  title  to  portions  thereof  hav- 
ing x)assed  from  the  Government  before  the  establishment  of  the  reser- 
vations; and  where  settlers  and  others  initiated  bona  fide  claims  prior 
to  the  date  of  the  withdrawal  of  lands  for  reservation  puri)oses,  they 
have  the  right  to  complete  their  claims  upon  showing  a  due  compliance 
with  the  law. 


That  forest  reservations  are  needed,  and  a  more  jjositive  protection 
by  the  Government  of  the  forests,  is  evidenced  by  the  reports  received 
in  this  office,  showing  the  widespread  destruction  by  the  woodsman  and 
the  still  greater  devastation  wrought  by  the  forest  fires,  resulting  in 
not  only  laying  bare  large  areas  of  timber  land  (which  seem  never  to 
be  reforested  as  nature  first  clothed  it),  but  also  in  the  rapid  and  per- 
manent diminution  of  the  water  supply. 

Forest  fires  are  generally  the  result  of  carelessness  or  viciousness 
on  the  part  of  lumbermen,  i)rospcctors,  campers,  or  hunters;  and  in 
the  mountain  districts  where  sheej)  raising  is  an  industry  it  appears 
to  be  the  practice  of  the  herders,  upon  driving  their  sheep  out,  to  set 
fire  to  the  timber  and  undergrowth  for  the  purpose  of  providing  new 
pasturage  for  the  following  season,  thus  destroying  immense  bodies  of 
timber. 


6G8  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

RECOOIENDATIONS. 

In  closing  tliis  report  I  desire  to  refer  specially  to  the  following  rec- 
oinmeiulations  contained  tlierein,  viz: 

(1)  Eecommendation  that  a  law  be  enacted  to  create  the  office  of 
United  States  surveyor-general  for  Alaska,  with  provision  for  the  com- 
pensation of  the  surveyor-general,  for  the  necessary  clerical  service, 
and  for  the  rent  and  contingent  expenses  of  his  office. 

(2)  Eecommendation  that  a  law  be  enacted  for  placing  the  business 
connected  with  the  leasing  of  Oklahoma  school  lands  under  the  contro- 
of  the  Territorial  authorities. 

(3)  Eecommendation  of  proper  legislation  for  the  segregation  of  tim- 
ber lauds  from  the  agricultural  and  other  lands  of  the  public  domain, 
and  the  proper  disposal  of  the  land  and  the  timber  under  the  direction 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

(4)  Eecommendation  of  the  providing  by  law  of  adequate  means  for 
the  protection  and  management  of  forest  reservations  established  under 
existing  law. 

(5)  Eecommendation  that  a  law  be  enacted  for  compulsory  attend- 
ance of  witnesses  at  Laud-Oflice  hearings. 

(6)  Eeconnnendation  that  existing  laws  be  so  modified  that  the  Com- 
missioner of  the  General  Land  Office  may  authorize,  Avlien  deemed  expe- 
dient, surveys  and  resurveys  at  a  reasonable  compensation  by  the  day, 
instead  of  by  the  mile,  and  when  surveys  are  required  involving  only  a 
small  expenditure  that  the  said  Commissioner  may  authorize  the  same 
to  be  made  for  a  specified  sum  for  the  entire  work. 

Eespectfuily  submitted. 

S.  W.  Lahore ux. 

Commissioner. 
Hon.  Hoke  Smith, 

Secretary  of  the  Inierior. 


VACANT  PUBLIC   LANDS   IN   THE   UNITED   STATES. 

The  following  table,  based  on  information  furnished  by  the  officials 
of  each  district  land  office  is  so  arranged  as  to  show  approximately  the 
quantities  of  lands  in  the  several  counties  and  parishes  in  their  districts, 
not  (smbraced  in  Indian,  military,  forest,  and  other  reservations  remain- 
ing unappropriated  by  filing  or  entry. 

It  has  not  been  i^racticable  for  many  reasons,  such  as  the  magnitude 
of  the  work  involved,  the  manner  of  creating  the  boundaries  of  counties 
and  the  frequent  changes  therein,  and  also  the  fact  that  a  large  part 
of  the  unsurveyed  public  domain  lies  within  the  limits  of  grants  to  rail- 
roads, to  more  than  obtain  approximate  estimates  of  the  lands  not 
covered  by  entries  or  filings;  but  the  statement  will  serve  the  purpose 
for  which  it  is  nmde,  to  wit,  to  inform  correspondents  and  the  general 
public  as  to  whether  there  is  much,  little,  or  any  public  land  in  the  sev- 
eral public-land  States  and  Territories  and  the  land  districts  therein, 
and,  in  most  instances,  in  particular  counties  or  localities. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  quite  a  considerable  portion  of  the 
vacant  land  is  embraced  in  the  heavily  timbered  regions  of  the  South- 
ern States,  the  lake  region,  and  the  Pacific  coast,  and  the  mountainous 
and  arid  regions  of  the  far  West,  and  that  the  x)ortion  of  land  cultiva- 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


669 


ble  witliout  clearing  or  irrigation  is  comparatively  small.  It  is  a  rea- 
sonable conclusion,  however,  tliat  vast  bodies  of  arid  lands  will  in  time 
be  reclaimed  by  irrigation  as  the  result  of  tbe  efforts  of  the  Govern- 
ment to  construct  storage  basins  and  ditches  for  the  purpose,  seconded, 
as  undoubtedly  they  will  be,  by  private  enterj)rise,  and  that  as  a  conse- 
quence the  rain  areas  of  the  West  will  be  considerably  enlarged. 

In  naming  the  land  districts  in  the  following  statement  the  names  of 
the  present  offices  are  adopted  as  the  names  of  the  districts,  for  the 
reason  that  districts  are  thus  named  and  known  by  settlers,  and  becanse 
it  would  be  inconvenient  to  give  the  statutory  names  of  the  diff'erent 
districts  created  by  Congress  in  addition  to  the  names  of  the  offices. 
******* 

Slatcmcut  hij  Slaies,  Territories,  and  land  districts,  and  also  iy  counties  loliere practical)Je, 
of  lands  not  granted  nor  reserved  that  ivcre  suhject  to  settlement  on  entry  on  July, 
J,  1S93. 

RECAPITULATION  OF  VACANT  LANDS  BY  LAND  OFFICES  AND  STATES. 


state  or  Territory. 

Land  district. 

Surveyed 
land. 

Unaun-eyed 
laud. 

Total  area. 

Acren. 
343,  340 
G22, 920 

Acres. 

Acres. 
343, 340 

622  920 

966,  260 

966  260 

7, 175,  000 
4,891,212 

19, 406,  000 
18, 070,  333 

20,  581,  000 

22  967  545 

12,  060,  212 

37, 482,  333 

49, 548, 545 

1, 050,  819 

1,277,054 

1,  654,  500 

709, 171 

1,  056, 819 
1  277  054 

1  654  560 

Little  Keck 

769  171 

4,  757,  604 

4, 757, 604 

2, 407,  714 
6,  720. 000 
6,317,410 

857,  219 
2,  700,  064 
2,  437,  GSO 
4,  200.  814 
1,  003,  388 
5,301,132 

577, 104 

1,  044,  542 
5,  850,  COO 
5,601.706 
138. 205 
462, 308 
232.  577 
645,  958 
748.  741 
231,  207 
203,  520 

3  452  256 

•'  Independence 

12,  570,  000 
11  010  116 

995  484 

Eeddiug 

3, 162,  372 
2  670  ''o? 

San  Francisco 

4.912,772 
1  752  129 

5,  532,  339 
780,  624 

32, 588, 525 

15, 158.  824 

47,  747,  349 

Colorado 

1,  »8, 160 
1,610.410 

2,  233,  657 

3,  578,  672 
2,  709.  500 
7.  708, 1)00 
1.  6!fJ,  000 

1.  ]4l>.  9.->2 

2,  279.  (ISO 
1.07-1,920 
2.  798. -:91 
G.  104.  !IS7 
1, 169,  132 

1  338  160 

410,237 
593, 060 

2  0''0  656 

Del  Norte 

2  826  717 

3,  578, 672 
3  013  500 

304,  000 

1, 982,  825 

071,  GOO 

Glen  wood  Spring.s 

9, 7.-)  1,791 
2  364  ''OO 

Hugo 

1,149,952 

2  279  080 

.    23,040 

1, 256, 466 

1,980 

1,697  9G0 

4,  054,  957 
6  106  967 

Slerliiig 

1, 169, 132 

36, 108,  530 

5,  243,  208 

41,  351,  744 

Florida 

2, 303,  478 

799,  230 

3  lO**  708 

Blackfoot 

Idaho 

1,604,254 

1,  846,  380 

97, 592 

2,  549,  786 
247,  051 

3,  755, 091 
9,  708,  099 

4.  370,  000 
1,  227,  206 

12, 192, 361 

5  359  345 

Boise 

11.614,  479 

C(v^:r  d'Alene 

llailey 

4,  467.  592 
3, 776.  992 

12, 439,  412 

6,  345, 063 

31,  312, 757 

37, 657,  820 

Iowa 

13 



13 

670 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Statement  hij  States,  Territories,  and  land  districts,  etc. — Continued. 
EECAPITULATION  OF  VACANT  LANDS  BY  LAND  OFFICES  AND  STATES— Continued. 


State  or  Territory. 

Land  district. 

Surveyed 
land. 

TJnsnrveyed 
land. 

Total  area. 

Garden  City 

Acres. 
432,  872 

Acres. 

Acres. 

432, 872 

Kirwin* 

40,  568 

60,  700 

4,  424 

206 

174,  730 

40  568 

00  760 

Saliiia 

4  4"M 

Topeka 

''06 

174  730 

713, 560 

713, 560 

380,  590 
630,  509 

101,  389 

481  979 

636,  509 

. 

1,  017,  099 

101,  389 

1, 118,  488 

197,  942 
483. 073 

197  942 

483, 073 

681,015 

681  015 

682, 985 

1,  540,  090 

1,557 

480, 136 

94,254 

460,  230 
2, 543, 780 

1  143  215 

Duluth     

4, 083,  870 
1  557 

St.  Cloud 

103,  080 

583, 816 
94, 254 

Taylors  Falls 

2,  799,  022 

3, 107, 090 

5,906,J12 

835,  ;iOO 

835  300 

Boon  ville 

Missouri 

217. 928 
145, 131 
600,  000 

217, 928 
145,131 

Springfield 

600,  000 

963, 059 

963,  059 

1, 088, 699 
5,  572,  521 
4,011,046 
2,  333,  380 
524, 464 

2, 842,  590 
20, 432,  386 

2,  313,  079 
22, 638, 400 
12,  879, 360 

3, 931,  2S9 
26,  004, 907 

6, 324, 125 
24, 971, 780 
13, 403, 824 

13,  530, 110 

61, 105, 815 

74, 635,  925 

Nebr.isk.a ^ 

1,  919,  504 

1, 919,  504 

2, 464,  000 

944,  680 

20, 097 

2,464,000 
944,  680 
20, 097 

Nebr.iska 

219,  040 
630, 260 
874, 050 
120,  000 
838,  082 
2,  225,  000 

219.  040 

Kc'liuli 

630.  260 

^ 

Norlli  Platte 

874, 050 

O'NeiU 

115,  000 

235,  000 

838,  082 
2,  225,  000 

Valentine 

10,251,713 

115, 000 

10, 369,  713 

10,127,523 
20,  074,  521 

11, 882, 128 
11,  432, 251 

22, 009,  651 
31, 506, 772 

Clavton 

30, 202, 044 

23,  314,  370 

53,516,423 

New  Mexico 

6,  805, 106 
13>  763,  925 

8,  088, 267 
10,  788, 701 

490,  240 
5, 138, 720 
5,  794,  820 
3,  678, 475 

7, 295,  346 

18, 902,  045 

lloswell 

13, 882,  587 

Santa  Fc 

14, 467, 170 

39,  445, 999 

15, 101, 755 

54,547,754 

North  Dakota 

3,  687, 880 

2,  955, 100 

274,  400 

3, 367, 410 
573, 000 

7  055  290 

3, 528, 100 

Farfjo 

274, 400 

*  No  vacant  laud. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     G71 

Statement  hy  States,  Territories,  and  land  districts,  e/c— Contiimed. 
KECAriTULATION  OF  VACANT  LANDS  BY   LAND  OFFICES  AND  STATES— Contiuued. 


State  or  Territory. 


North  Dakota— Contimied. 


OlilahoTua 


Orcsou 


South  Dakota. 


Utah 

Wa.shinston. 


Wisconsin. 


■Wj'omiiig 


Land  district. 


Grand  Forks 
iliuot 


Beaver  

Gutlirio 

Kingtishcr. 
Oklahoma  . 


Burns 

La  Grande... 
LakeTie-w  ... 
Oregen  City. 
Bosebnrg. . .. 
The  Dalies  . . 


Aberdeen 

Chamberlain. 

Huron 

Mitchell*  . . . . 

Pierre 

Eapid  City  . . 
Watertown . . 
Yankton 


Salt  Lake  City. 

North  Yakima. 

Olvnipia 

Seattle 

Spokane  Falls  . 

Vancouver 

"Walla  Walla  . . 
Water  villo 


Ashland... 
Eau  Claire. 
Meuasha  . . 
Waiisa 


Buffalo  ... 
Cheyenne. 
Douglass  . 
Evanstou]. 
Lander . . . 
Sundance. 


Surveyed 
laui. 


Acre.'J. 

407,  399 
1,372,417 


8,  G97, 196 


^""E^^*^   Total, 


Acres. 


5,  788, 900 


9, 729, 310 


3,  006,  807 

285 

1. 450,  248 

1,112,362 


5,  569, 702 


5, 830,  743 
4, 733,  985 
7,  398, 312 
439, 430 
1,  643,  302 
4, 109,  615 


24, 155,  387 


423,  240 

1, 475, 120 

274,  060 


406, 400 


406, 400 


1,  905, 931 
1, 409,  232 
2, 471,  249 
1, 554,  520 
5, 290,  037 
371,  200 


13,  062, 169 


217, 600 


Acres. 

407, 399 
7, 161,  317 


18, 426, 506 


3, 413, 207 

285 

1, 450.  248 

1, 112, 362 


5,  976, 102 


7, 796, 674 
6. 143, 217 
9, 869,  561 
1, 993, 950 
6,  933, 339 
4, 480,  815 


37,  217,  556 


1,  779,  200 

5,161,350 

164,  930 

9,  375 


3, 519,  620 


9,  287,  275 


3, 737,  220 


7,075,290  <      28,027,699 


1, 726,  990  ! 

15,280  i 

220.612  i 

033,  680 

532,652  ■ 

1, 307.  000  j 
978,032 


728, 960 

683,  823 

5, 198,  772 

1, 654, 800 

844, 677 

321, 000 

3, 968,  733 


423.  240 

1, 692,  720 

274,  060 


1,  779,  200 

8,  680.  970 

104,  930 

9,375 


13,  024, 495 


35, 102,  99 


455, 950 
699, 103 
419,  384 
288. 480 
377, 329 
628,  000 
946, 765 


5,  414,  24G         13, 400,  765       18,  815,  Oil 


181,000 

221,810 

50,  564 

174, 4C0 


181.  000 
221,810 
50,  564 
174, 400 


627,  774 


6,818,000 
8,  307,  446 
6, 661,  657 
9, 169.  520 
3,801,405 
5, 199,  927 


611, 000 

552.  960 

515,  009 

5, 432, 880 

6, 332,  700 


627, 774 


7,  429,  000 

8,  860, 400 
7, 177,  326 

14,  602, 400 
10,134,105 
5, 199,  927 


39,  957,  955 


13, 445, 209       53,  403, 164 


*No  vacant  land. 


G72 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Staki)iieiU  by  States,  Territories,  and  land  districts,  etc. — Continued. 

EECA.riTULATION  OF  VACANT  LANDS  IN"  THE  PUBLIC-LAND  STATES  AND  TERKI- 

TOKIES. 


State  or  Territorv. 


Surveyed 
laucl. 


Unsurveyed 
land. 


Total  area. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Florida 

Idalio 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Louisiana 

Micliigaii 

Minnesota 

!Mississii)i)i 

ilissouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Mexico 

North  Dakota 

Oklabo:ria 

Oregon 

South  Dakota 

Utah 

AV^ashinjitou 

Wisconsin 

"Wyoming 

Grand  total 


Acres. 

9G0, 260 

12, 066, 212 

4, 757,  GOi 

32,  588,  525 

36,108,536 

2,  30".,  478 

0,345  0C3 

13 

713,500 

1,  017,  009 

681,  015 

2, 799,  022 

8:;5,  300 

903,  059 

13,530,110 

10,  254,  713 

30, 202,  044 

39,  445,  999 

8,  097, 196 
5,  509,  702 

24,155,3^7 

9,  287, 275 
7, 075.  296 
5, 414,  246 

627,  774 
39,  957, 955 


20G,  3G2,  443 


Acres. 
37,482,333 


15, 158,  824 

5, 243,  208 

799,  230 

32,  312, 757 


101, 389 

's.'ioi.'ego' 


61, 1U.5,  815 

115,000 

23,  314,  379 

15, 101,  755 

9, 729, 310 

406, 400 

13, 062, 169 

3, 737, 220 
28,  027, 699 
13, 400, 7G5 


13, 445, 209 


274, 651, 152 


Acres. 

906,  260 

49, 548, 545 

4, 757, 604 

47, 747, 349 

41,  351,  744 

3, 102, 70S 

37, 657,  820 

13 

713,  560 

1, 118,  488 

681,015 

5, 900, 712 

835,  300 

963,  059 

74,  G35, 925 

10,369.713 

53,  516,  423 

54, 547,  754 

18, 426,  506 

5,  976, 102 

37,  217,  556 

13,  024, 495 

35, 102, 995 

18,815,011 

627,  774 

53,403,164 


571,013,595 


*No  vacant  laud. 


Tliis  a^!j:i'e!4'ate  is  exclusive  of  Oliio,  Indiana,  and  Illinois,  in  wliich. 
if  any  pnblic  land  remains,  it  consists  of  a  few  small,  isolated  tracts. 
It  is  exclnsive  of  Alaska,  containing  577,^;90  sqnare  miles  or  300,520,000 
acres.  It  is  also  exclnsive  of  military  and  Indian  reservations  and  lands 
snl)j43ct  to  sale  for  the  benefit  of  certain  Indian  tribes,  and  exclusive  of 
reservoir  site  and  timber  reservations  and  tracts  covered  by  selections, 
filings,  railroad  grants,  and  claims  as  yet  unadjiidicated,  a  part  of  wliicli 
may  in  the  fnture  be  added  to  the  pnblic  domain. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


673 


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674 


PAPEES    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


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REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


675 


Eecapil Illation  hii  States  and  Territories  of  the  disposal  of  the  pull ic  lands  and  abandoned 
militavy  reservations  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1893,  theareasand  the  amount 
received  therefrom,  and  the  expenses  connected  thercicith. 

[The  are;i  of  commuted  homesteads  and  timber  cultures,  final  homesteads,  and  final  desert  entries, 
and  the  area  and  amount  of  Indian  land  and  other  areas  in  brackets,  are  not  included  in  the  grand 
aggregate.] 


Sales  of  lands  at  private 
entry. 

Sales  of  land.g  at  public 
auction. 

Sales  of  lands  by  preemption 
entry. 

States  and  Terri- 
tories. 

i 

Acres. 

Amount. 

1 

Acres. 

Amount. 

0 
a 

Acres. 

Amount. 

•» 

2 
41 

1 
446 
294 

6 
138 

200. 23 

5,  602.  52 

80.00 

74,  775. 76 

41,  430.  58 

806.  69 

18,  819.  25 

$250.  30 
11,  0J6.08 

3 

82.80 

$112.  90 

98  414  99 

57  176  15 

1  008  37 

j         1 

23, 524. 08 

1 
2 
5 
1 
3 

2.43 

.41 

200.  00 

34.68 

1 0_  67 

40.  09 
10.10 

250.  00 
43.35 
55. 15 

188.70 

2 
152 

I 
30 
133 

1 

120.  00 

21,  609.  04 

121.65 

4,  076.  99 

16.691.24 

[38.  66] 

'00  00 

28  697  39 

Louisiana 

2 

60.70 

$75.  87 

152.  06 
5  006  "'3 

1 

178. 65 

223.31 

6         125.70 

92  538  10 

213 

14,  .-580.  61 

18, 329.  35 

1 

337 
310 

68 

290 

1,195 

394 

68 

836 

6 

73 

49,  935.  29 

43,  043. 95 

9,  508.  88 

38,  718.  62 

194,  366.  29 

56,  866.  30 

9,  793.  79 

120,  032.  23 

896.  09 

10,  840.  88 

72  257  76 

21  1      871.74 

1, 191. 17 

55  886  66 

\->  046  15 

50  357  5'' 

Oregon 

3         120. 00 
8         249. 99 

150.  00 
440.31 

944  (574  94 

71  559  12 

Utah 

................. 

13  399  63 

9         147. 21 
1             2.54 

189. 42 
3.30 

170  630  67 

2  007  62 

"Wyomin  o- 

14  297  03 

Total 

216 

14,819.96   18,628.53 

63 

1, 848. 17 

2,  674. 49 

4g,_j    (       [38.66] 
4,8-4   ^718,336.27 

'955, 362. 17 

Sales  of  timber  and  stone 
lauds. 

Sales  of  mineral  lands. 

Original  entries  under  the 
desert-land  act. 

t  cries. 

a 

Acres. 

Amount. 

Acres. 

Amount. 

7: 

Acres. 

Amount. 

Alaska 

4 
64 

101.  97 

1    J.l(l    fi7 

$515.  00 
7, 190.  00 
1   noii  (\n 

332 

89,  967. 45 

$22, 49i.  59 

Ark.'iu.sas 

3         400  00 

470 
4G 

67,  603.  21  SI  fin- 5ns  9.!i 

78     4  :U7  t:>I  Ti'.'rfio  nn 

232 
121 

38.440.5] 
22,  726. 11 

5, 845.  38 

14,614.39 

526 
2 

70 

10  836  35'  i":'  S7S  00 

5,  681.  60 

Florida 

196. 18 
5,  502.  95 

490. 44 
16,  592.  50 

Idaho 

11 

14 

26-1 

38 

1, 375. 12 

2, 179. 92 

33,793.65 

5, 855. 72 

3  437  80 

279 

48, 046. 13 

12,  Oil.  63 

Louisiana 

5, 449. 77 

Minnesota 

83, 984.  69 
14,  639. 44 

""I.:.:.. 

2431     .<!  Ill  7  ni 

33,  932. 50 

2,  615. 00 

3,  610. 00 
4, 332.  50 
9, 932.  50 

430 
1 

88 
50 

73,  772.  25 

320.  00 

16,  719. 71 

6,  933.  98 

18,  445.  51 

80.00 

4, 183. 62 

1,733.47 

26 
37 
21 
73 
107 
50 

754.  60 
708.  24 
1,324.51 
2,  863. 42 
2,  747.  95 
2,  387. 69 

20G 

5 

29, 230. 14 
520. 00 

73,  075.  39 
1,  300.  00 

South  Dakota 

Utah 

13, 022.  50 
9, 905. 00 

254 

42,024.98   10,506.31 
45,206.51   11,300.30 

Wasliin  gton 

Wiscon.sin 

192 
123 
13 

25, 184. 73 
9,221.84 
1, 440. 82 

62,  962. 01 
23,  055.  08 
3, 602. 05 

218 

11 

365. 04     1, 660.  00 

19'' 

Total 

1,382 

182  340  61 

455  353  8'!  i  si  ^ 

1       '" 

676 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


IxecapUidation  hy  States  and  Territories  of  the  dis2}osal  of  })ul)Jic  lands,  etc. — Continued. 

[The  area  of  commutpfl  homesteads  and  timber  cultures,  final  homesteads,  and  final  desert  entries,  and 
the  area  and  amount  of  Indian  land  and  other  areas  in  brackets  are  not  included  in  the  grand 
aggregate.] 


States  and  Terri- 
tories. 

Final  entries  under  the 
desert-land  act. 

Homestead    entries    com- 
muted to  cash  under  sec- 
tion 2301,  K.  S. 

Homestead  entries  com- 
muted under  2d  sec- 
tion act  J  une  15, 1880. 

u 

Acres. 

Amount. 

.1 
u 

a 

Acres. 

Amount. 

.2 

Acres.     Amount. 

64 

37 

42 

222 

159 

49 

78 

11 

79 

40 

98 

257 

66 

27 

210 

169 

24 

72 

459 

174 

116 

40 

413 

243 

26 

[6,  580. 21] 

its  '>9\   8fi 

8 

1 
[1,  082  00]  *i  9.';.i  r,(\ 

83 

[26, 455.  59] 

$26,  207. 42 

[5,435.05]     8,193.84 

[4,  877. 18]  1     6,286.56 
[31,040.67]t  49,555.59 
[23,  356. 32  '  30,  703. 27 

[5,306.27]!     6,632.96 

[10,508.63]    13,435.78 

[556.  .00]  1     1,391.25 

[11,  362.  04  J:  14,886.92 

[.5,  279.  80 J 1     7,031.48 
[12,023.00]!  15,228.74 
[31,754.81]!  44,461.07 

[8,44.5.76]:  10,557.25 

[2, 256.  .55]!     2,899.39 
[29,465.13]!  40,460.18 
[24,559.25];  32,083.13 

[3,761.42]     4,901.83 
[10,  085.  28]  1  13,654.53 
[66,984.01]    83,839.92 
[25,655.25]!  32,531.80 
[15,980. 19]j  19,909.26 

[5,218.39]!     7.772.99 

' 

62 

le 

[13, 995. 18] 
[2,  629.  75] 

13,  995. 18 
2,  549. 75 

Florida 

219 

[55, 508.  77] 

55,  508. 07 

1 

1 

2 

[214.67];      242.97 

- 

Montana 

180 

[50,  290.  29] 

53,  040. 57 

:::::;::::::::: 

91 

[36,444.61] 

36,  524.  61 

Korth  Dakota 

Oklahoma 

21 

[2,  982. 42] 

3, 032. 42 

South  Dakota 

1 

[160.00] 

186. 00 

Utah 

95 

21 

[18,  002. 12] 
[3, 836. 46] 

20, 222.  si 
4,  627  -21 

Washington 

[51,906.01] 

[29,  542.  32 

[3,  724.  6i; 

79,751.90 

60, 400. 12 

5,  371.  87 

95 

[21,  526.  99] 

22,  364.  39 

883 

[231,  672. 18] 

238,  071. 93 

3,175 

[425,  605.  25]  600,  223,  54 

11 

[1, 456.  67]j  1,  684. 47 

States  and  Terri- 
tories. 

Excesses  on  homestead, 

timber-culture,  and 

other  entries. 

Timber-culture  entries  com- 
muted under  act  March  3, 
1891. 

Sales  of  town  sites. 

S 
'u 

a 

Acres. 

Amount. 

Acres. 

Amount. 

"S 

Acres. 

Amount. 

318 

14 

101 

324 

299 

286 

116 

1 

1 

1 

165 

444 

46 
165 
317 

44 

79 
232 

47 
143 

254 

172 
173 
49 
124 

28 

58 

332. 50 

39.57 

373.  70 

3     [40. 00] 

n,  415.  34 

993.  45 

333.  45 

491.  22 

1.84 

.96 

.91 

394.59 

1, 243.  22 

105.28 

763.  68 

536.  44 

185. 12 

219.  60 

618.62 

193.  00 

460.  07 

944.  32 

1,041.91 
569.  29 
89.90 
453.21 
157.  06 
316. 12 

$417.  02 

49.58 

475. 39 

]\,  978.  59 

1, 397. 89 

417.48 

644.  48 

2.30 

1.20 

2.30 

735.  33 

-1,834.66 

206.  71 

1,  216.  54 

670. 78 

231. 43 

350.  65 

928.  63 

241.  51 

733.  82 

1,  303. 31 

1,  383. 25 
813. 28 
162. 17 
842.  78 
294.  31 
471.  26 

23 

[3,  040. 00] 

$3, 800. 00 

190 
248 

[27,253.41] 
[37, 620. 07] 

34, 066. 82 
47,  023. 51 

1 

70.13         $175.33 

Florida, 

63 

[7,  638. 63] 

9,  548. 34 

1 

120  00          150  00 

Indiana 

::::::::::::::: 

Iowa 

8 

384 

6 

[394. 461 

[57,  695.  SO] 

[857. 58] 

543. 10 

72,121.12 

1,071.97 

• 

Minnes  ta 

97 

[12, 375. 18] 

15, 462.  20 

Mississippi 

Montana 

53 
442 

16 
309 

1 

65 
291 
23 

171 

[6,  869.  09J 
[66,  792.  23] 

[2,  200.  00) 
[48,  466.  73] 

[320.  00] 

[9,  136.  39] 
[43,120.62] 

[2,  957.  82] 
[24,  234.  81] 

8,580.20 
83, 490.  71 

2, 750. 00 
60,  583. 98 

480.  00 

11,  420. 48 

53,  894.  31 

3,  697.  28 

30, 289.  75 

Nebraska 

i::::::  : 

Kew  Mexico 

North  Dakota 

13 

y^^?:°«iH.  610.51 

South  Dakota 

TTtah 

2 

360. 00 

900.  Otj 

Washington 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

28 

[3,  678. 33] 

4,  597. 92 

Total 

4,  001^ 

[40.  00] 

^17,806.65 

2,418 

[354  651.  75]-l4.q  4^.1  fin 

17 

5  [540.00] 
\2, 651.  72 

^4, 835. 84 

12,  334.  43 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


677 


Eecapitulation,  ly  States  and  Territories,  of  the  di»posal  of  the  puhlic  lands,  etc. — Confd. 

[The  area  of  commuted  homesteads  and  timber  cultures,  fina]  homesteads,  and  final  desert  entries, 
aud  the  area  and  amount  of  Indian  land  and  other  areas  in  brackets  are  not  included  in  the  grand 
aggregate.] 


States  and  Terri- 
tories. 


California 

Colorado 

Montana 

XfW  Mexico... 
Xortli  Dakota. 

Oregon 

Utah 

"Washington... 
AVyoming 


Total. 


Sales  of  town  lots. 


Acres. 


Amount. 


Sales  of  coal  lands. 


Sales  of  Lassen  County 
desert  lands. 


$180. 00 


Acres. 


4, 172. 67 

1,  748. 09 

1,357.96 

80.00 

40.00 

500.  00 

2, 143.  00 

758.41 


Amount. 


$78,  653.  80 
25, 638. 10 
26,  359. 20 
1,  600.  00 
400.  00 
11,  200.  00 
27, 145. 00 
10,  768. 20 


180.  00 


10,860.13  1181,764.30 


Acres. 


Amount. 


440. 00         $550. 00 


550. 00 


States  and  Terri- 
tories. 


Alabama . . 
Arkansas  . 

California  . 


Florida 

Louisiana 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

JTew  Mexico  . . 
Korth  Dakota . 

Oklahoma 

South  Dakota  . 


Sales  of  abandoned  mili- 
tary reservations. 


"Washington. 


Total. 


Acres. 


300. 02 


University  selections. 


$375.  02 


300.  02 


375.  02 


Additional  payments. 


Acres.        Amount.     43 


W 


[241.  68] 


[241.  68] 


$302. 12 


302. 12 


Acres.     Amount. 


62.05 

[154.  9!)]  I 
[■58]1 
250.43 
17, 10 


$77.  56 
150. 00 

426. 81 

2C0.  80 


[80.  00] 
[80.  00] 
40.00 
[80.  00] 
[160. 00] 


1.31 


[621.66] 
.30  I 


12.78 

157. 50 

60.00 

245.  50 

2.00 

11.64 

.38 

594.70 


'[1,177.23] 
I      371.19 


■  1, 999.  67 


States  aud  Terri- 
tories. 


Act  of  June  15, 1844. 


riorida 

Iowa 

Oklahoma . 


Total 


Acres.     Amount. 


589. 15 


Act  of  March  3, 1887. 


Acres. 


I        194. 38 


Act  of  May  2, 1890. 


Acres. 


Amount. 


[364.13] 
109.97  , 


[364.13]   } 
109. 97  I  5 


678 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Becapitulatioii,  hij  States  and  Territories,  of  the  disposal  of  the  puhlic  lands,  etc. — Cont'd. 

[The  area  of  coniimited  homesteads  and  timber  cultures,  final  homesteads,  and  final  desert  entries,  and 
the  area  and  amount  of  Indian  land  and  other  areas  in  brackets  are  not  included  in  the  grand  aggre- 
gate.] 


Cash  substitution. 

Change  of  entry. 

Total  cash  sales. 

States  and  Terri- 
tories. 

Acres. 

Amount. 

Acres. 

Amount. 

Acres. 

Amount 
received. 

397 

4 

594 

147 

2,036 

594. 78 

101. 97 

97,  020. 18 

853. 70 

187, 675.  33 

86,  004.  53 

2,  022.  56 

74, 354.  67 

1.84 

3.39 

315.70 

22,  203.  63 

3,940.19 

4, 252. 94 

51, 592. 92 

536.44 

14, 765.  73 

140,048.04 

44,  534.  31 

1,  074.  60 

28, 487.  85 

39,  258.  69 

3, 157. 19 

233, 096. 83 

61, 429. 00 

55, 216.  62 

195,  554.  88 

10,277.53 

46. 582. 78 

$10, 222.  24 
515.  00 

_A.laska     

78, 978.  51 

8,011.95 

100.  00 

3'.)]  731  84 



1,740 
350 
975 

1 

2 

26 

285, 179. 26 

rioridn         

79.99 

8,  810.  05 

134, 852.  08 
2.30 

41  29 

i          [80. 00] 

$100. 00 

2,  246.  75 

785 

517 

178 

929 

384 

283 

1,576 

1,174 

27 

382 

816 

732 

1,919 

1, 064 

640 

2,052 

401 

505 

116,  690.  76 

16,  277. 15 

1 

20, 599. 61 

168,  232. 11 

11,276.35 

1 

[80.  00] 

100.  00 

[21.22] 

21.620.17 

267, 344. 91 

1 

173, 580.  30 

1 

2,  695.  00 

1 

90,  802. 42 

1 

126,  931.  90 

89, 245.  38 

1  i         40-00 

100. 00 

373,  014. 25 

158,  995. 10 

XJtab          

79,976.19 

398,  238.  74 

85, 760.  43 

71, 347. 94 

] 

1 

Total 

3J 

[160.  00] 
40.00 

I    300.00 

3^ 

[21.  22] 
239.  99 

\ 

20,  641   1. 404. 958. 82  13. 193.  280.  64 

States    and    Terri- 
tories. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkan-sas 

California 

Colorado 

Florida 

Idaho 

Illinois 

.Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Lonisinna 

Micbiijan 

IMinuesota 

Mi.ssi.ssippi 

Mis.souri 

llontaua 

Nebraska 

!Nevaila 

Iscw  Mexico  .. 
North  Dakota. 

Oklahoma 

Orciron 

South  Dakota. 

Utah  

AV'ashington  .. 

AVisconsin 

"Wyoming 


Total . 


Original  entries  of  lands  under  the  homestead 
laws. 


En- 
tries. 


1,393 
399 
2,211 
3,108 
2,744 
1,013 
1,371 
4 


35 
3,  083 
1,213 

638 
2,694 
1,240 
1,874 
1,571 
3,270 
14 
-  721 
3,076 
5,092 
2,150 
4,845 

687 
1,903 

851 

630 


Acres. 


Commis- 
sions. 


148, 578. 00 
55, 406. 59 
249, 428. 62 
456,  257. 57 
416,  772. 19 
126,  340.  39 
185,  779. 42 
453.  58 


Fees. 


2,  048.  60 

467, 906.  49 

143,  073.  76 

100,496.19 

348,916.29 

143,  402.  44 

184,  532.  07 

237,  248. 30 

484,  3.57.  71 

1,  909.  31 

103,  586.  89 

475,  009.  42 

851, 861. 18 

318,018.8' 

746, 847.  31 

96, 287. 20 

277,  954. 75 

90,  305.  92 

95, 892.  50 


$3, 719. 95  $10,  500. 00 


Total  fees 
and  com- 
missions. 


2, 439.  00 

6,  37i.  49 
20,  578. 86 
17,  820,  37 

3, 226. 85 

7,  784. 32 

11.34 


110.  00 
15,759.87 
4,  252.  62 
2, 051.  01 

10,  884.  23 
3,  599.  00 
4, 868.  88 

11,  594.  79 

14,  709. 23 
114. 00 

4, 090. 41 
15,131.86 
24,  341. 48 
13,  538. 48 
22,412.11 

4,291.35 

15,  573.  58 
3,  612.  24 
4,135.80 


3,  605.  00 
17,  305.  00 
29,  530.  00 
26, 575. 00 

8,  570.  60 

12,  815. 00 

35.00 


Final  homestead  entries. 


En- 
tries, 


$14, 309. 95 
6,  044. 00 
23,  679.  49 
50, 108. 86 
44,  395. 37 
11,  797. 45 
20, 599. 32 
46.34 


190.00 

29,  585,  00 
10, 185.  00 

5,  500.  00 
23,470.00 
10,  005.  00 
13,575.00 
15,236.00 

30,  947.  50 
130.  00 

6.  799.  00 
30, 090. 00 
54,  250.  00 
20,  470.  00 
47,  225.  00 

6,  245.  00 
18,145.00 
6,  555.  00 
6, 120.  00 


1,666 

137 

1,508 

1,575 

1,515 

597 

447 


300.  00 
45,  344.  87 
14.  437.  62 
7,  551. 01 
34,  354.  23 
13, 604.  00 
18, 433.  88 
26,  830. 79 
45,  656.  73 

244.  00 
10,889.41 
45,  221. 86 
78,591.48 
34,  008.  48 

09,  637. 11 

10,  536.  35 
33,718.58 
10, 167. 24 
10,  255.  80 


1 

86 

2,932 

650 

224 
1,103 

582 
1,093 

360 

2,900 

5 

347 
1,464 

233 

979 
1,772 

179 
1,087 

463 

299 


48,  436  6, 808,  791.  56  237,  026. 12  443, 748. 10  680,  774.  22.24,  204 


Acres. 


jommis- 

sions. 


[207,770.71]    $5,201.25 


[20,171.57] 

[181,431.95]i 

[235,643.38]' 

[237,  807.  65] 

[77,  808.  29] 

[61,  279.  47] 


[56.  76] 

[11,083.41 
[452,  854.  55 

[86,  303.  51' 

[27,  437. 36 
[148,047.00' 

[71, 259.  05' 
[128, 183. 12' 

[54.251.04' 

[451, 773.  39 

[797.  80' 

[53,  214. 84' 
[227,  310. 85' 

[36, 420. 17' 
[147, 787. 76 
[273,  713.  36 

[25,  796.  00] 
[157,872,59] 

[53,  833. 15] 

[46,  232.  90] 


870. 67 
4,  709. 60 
11.644.40 
10,  359.  88 
1,  987. 16 
2, 460.  63 


1.42 

536.  22 

15,  883.  78 

2, 500. 36 

730.  35 

5,  950. 05 

1, 790. 00 

3, 342.  07 

3,  013. 21 

14,  228. 83 

30.00 

2,  067. 78 

7, 805. 69 

906.  57 

6, 443. 98 

6, 982.  29 

1, 166. 29 

9,  269.  82 

1, 939. 40 

2, 115. 89 


[3, 477,  231.  63]  123, 943. 59 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


679 


Eecapitidaiion,  hy  States  and  Territories,  of  the  dis})osal  of  puilic  lands,  etc. — Continued. 

[The  area  of  commuted  bome.steads  and  timber  cultures,  final  homesteada,  and  final  desert  entries, 
and  tlie  area  and  amount  of  Indian  land  and  other  areas  in  brackets,  are  not  included  in  the  grand 
aggregate.] 


States  and  Terri- 
tories. 

Original    entries  of  lands  under  the   timber- 
cultirre  laws. 

Final  timber-culture  entries. 

En- 
tries. 

Acres, 

Registers' 
and  receiv- 
ers' fees. 

Govern- 
ment 
fees. 

Total  fees. 

En- 
tries. 

Acres. 

Eees. 

7 

23 

58 

16 

39 

982 

6 

231 

14 

1,984 

2 

562 

157 

1,  832 

C 

120 

14 

[519.  76] 
[2, 618. 4,5] 

[8,  748. 44] 

[1,795.05] 

[2,  970. 19] 

[143,  992.  89 

[963.28] 

[29,  805. 87 

[1,798.39] 

[303, 059.  80] 

[239. 95] 

[88,  345.  02] 

[23,  6]  G.  88] 

[284, 891. 28] 

[666.  20 

[18,171.29] 

[2, 148.  60] 

$28 
92 

4 
25 

439. 52 
3,  634. 18 

$16 
100 

$35 
230 

$51 
330 

232 

Idaho 

64 

156 

17 

2,  617.  20 

08 

165 

233 

3  928 

24 

3 
2 
5 

360.  00 
160.  00 
720.  00 

12 

8 

20 

25 
10 
45 

37 
18 
65 

924 

56 

7,936 

8 

Korth  Dakota 

1 

520.  00 

16 

35 

51 

2,248 
628 

Soutii  Dakota 

Utah             

14 

2,  224. 26 

56 

140 

196 

7,328 
24 

"Washington 

2 

313. 82 

8 

20 

28 

528 
56 

Total 

7e 

10, 988. 98  j               304  1        705 

1,009 

6,053 

[914,351.34] 

24, 260 

States  and  Terri- 
tories. 


Alabama .. 
Arizona  ... 

California . 


Colorado  .  - . 

Idaho  

Kansas 

Loui.siana  . . 
Michigan  . . . 

Minnesota  .. 

Mis.sissippi  . 

Missouri 

Montana 


Kebraska 

New  Mexico  .. 
North  Dakota. 

Oregon 

South  Dakota . 

"Washington  . . 

"Wisconsin 

"Wyoming 


Totals. 


Lands  entered  with  military 
bounty  land  warrants. 


En- 
tries. 


Acres. 


160. 00 
S 120.  00 
)  799.  94 
f  320.  00 
\  ill.  83 
160.  00 
[160.00] 
448.  80 


Fees. 


920.00 
U280.00] 
I  479.52 
28U.  00 
280.00 
160.00 


160.  00 

[1,.'=19.  20] 

80.00 

320.  00 

5 [160. 00] 

I  IGO.  00 

U160.00] 

I  160.00 

40.00 

160.  00 


Lands  entered  with  agri- 
cultural college  scrip. 


En- 
tries. 


Acres. 


[2,  679.  20] 
5,  086.  09 


209 


Fees. 


Lands  entered  with  pri- 
vate land  scrip. 


En- 
tries. 


97 


Acres. 


Fees. 


040. 00 


505. 50 


[160.00]   d 
1,  197.  56  I  i  ■ 


S   [800.  00]   1  } 
^8,297.31    I) 


680 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


BecapUulaiion,  hy  Stales  and  Territories,  of  the  disposal  of  jmhJiclands,  etc. — Continued. 

[Tlie  nrca  of  coniniutcd  homeste.ids  and  timlier  cnUurcs,  fiual  homesteads,  and  final  desert  entries,  and 
the  area  and  amount  of  Indian  land  and  other  areas  in  brackets,  are  not  included  in  the  grand 

aggregate.] 


State  selections. 

Railroad  selections. 

Swamp  landsT 

States  and  Terri- 
tories. 

.2 
a 

Acres. 

Pees. 

.S 

B 

Acres. 

Fees. 

o 

Acres. 

Fees. 

1,549 

829 

1,135 

247,  850.  00 
132,151.72 
181, 393.  66 

$3,  098.  00 
1,  C57.  35 
2, 270.  00 

California 

526 

1,226 

10 

508 

70, 721. 38 

196,326.35 

1, 481.  54 

80, 331. 95 

$1. 052.  00 

2,454.68 

26.00 

913.' 50 

391.30 

221, 820. 04 

4 

2 

1,  652 

483. 18 

320.  00 

131,  358. 11 

8.00 

4.00 

3, 304.  00 

360. 00 

1,611.06 
307.  04 

9,  590.  50 
120.  21 

8 

971. 90 

16.00 

797 

133, 597. 09 

1, 595. 17 

742 
3,  232 

116, 936. 63 
516,  882. 56 

1, 484. 00 
6, 464. 00 

Nevada  

235 

35, 955.  60 

470. 00 

687 
223 

109,  899. 68 
36, 334. 78 

1, 374.  00 
456.  00 

Korth  Dakota 

1,244 

6 

433 

791 

217,  056. 41 

720. 00 

63, 574.  27 

158,  360. 20 

2,  382. 00 

12.00 

864. 25 

1,581.50 

444 

70, 291. 92 

888. 00 

15,653.34 

South  Dakota 

Utah       

401 

695 

1,550 

63,  967. 90 
110,139.60 
247,  802.  37 

802.  00 
1,  391.  00 
3, 100. 00 

996 
701 

160,  595.  03 
111.  956. 07 

1,716.00 
1, 402.  00 

::::::::::::::::: 

Total 

7,473 

1,230,676.49 

14,468.50 

13, 153 

1,900,844.07 

26,316.35 

249, 854. 09 

States  and  Terri- 

Indian allotments. 

Sioux  lialf-hreed  scrip 
location.s. 

Valentine  scrip  locations. 

tories. 

En- 
tries. 

Acres. 

Amount. 

^'^'        Acres 
tries,     ^cres. 

Amount. 

En- 
tries. 

Acres. 

Fees. 

37 

124 

7 

22 
4 
19 
28 
460 

2, 489.  to 

17.  442. 34 

1.120,86 

1,760.00 

279.  64 

1,510.00 

2,  998.  47 

65, 222.  52 

1 

80.00 

1 

1 

1 

Minnesota 

1 

1 

Nevada  

1 

40.00 

2 

85.26 

$2 

122 

6 

12 

37 

17,809.25 

1,624.05 

853.  63 

9  .-iS?  ?>r. 

South  Dal^ota 

AVa.shingtou 

Wisconsin 

1           40. 00 

1          40. 00 

1 

1 

Total 

878     ii."^  407  Ml 

3 

160.  00 

3  1      125. 26  1                 3 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


681 


ItccapHulaiion  h\j  States  and  Territories  of  the  disposal  ofihepublic  lands,  etc. — Coutiaued. 

[Tlie  area  of  coiiiimitecl  homesteads  and  timber  cultures,  tinal  homesteads,  and  final  desert  entries, 
and  the  area  and  amount  of  Indian  land  and  other  areas  in  brackets,  are  not  included  in  the  grand 
aggregate.] 


States  and  Territories. 


Donation  claims. 


Entries.      Acres.       Amount. 


Total  miscellaneous  entries. 


Entries. 


Acres. 


Amount 
received. 


Alabama. . 
Arizona  . . 
Arkansas. 
California 
Colorado- . 
I'lorida  . . . 

Idalio 

Illinois  — 
Indiana — 
Io\ 


Dwa. 


Kansas 

Louisiana 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi . . . 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

Kew  Mexico.. 
North  Dakota 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

South  Dakota. 

Utah 

Washington... 

VViscon.sin 

Wyoming 


Total . 


$30. 00 


3,060 
2,132 
3,719 
6.211 
6,770 
1,  620 
2.369 
4 
1 

162 
8,670 
1,873 

874 
4,069 
1,  827 
2,970 
3,515 
11,409 

714 
1,761 
6,582 
5,931 
4,293 
9,262 
1,273 
4,824 
1,352 
3,196 


148,578.00 
306, 145.  65 
249,  428.  62 
679,  083.  77 
804,  799.  26 
349,  641.  97 
268,  354. 55 
453.  58 


002, 
145, 
102, 
362, 
143. 
184. 
491, 
1,  003, 
103, 
213, 
729, 
852, 
485, 
909, 
160, 
550, 
92, 
455, 


728.  CO 
330.  60 
324. 82 
003. 47 
333.  77 
742. 44 
932.  28 
100.  49 
157.83 
(187. 43 
771.83 
060.  61 
581.18 
607.  65 
215.82 
255. 10 
343.  49 
733.  47 
870. 94 


$19,512.20 
10,  048.  67 
28,  389. 09 
64,  625.  61 
60,  065.  33 
13,810.61 
24, 049.  45 
46.34 
1.42 
996.  22 
68,  709. 65 
16, 967. 98 
8,  310.  36 
41, 300. 28 
15,407.00 
21,  792. 95 
33,  001. 17 
74,  350. 56 
744.  00 
14,  345.  19 
58, 199.  55 
7<»,  510.  05 
42,  840.  71 
85,  732. 90 
12,  528.  64 
46,  690.  40 
12, 107.  64 
16,  933.  69 


246.  06 


100, 443 


10,  396,  727. 22 


871, 017. 66 


States  and  Terri- 
tories. 

Preomption 
filings. 

Homestead 
filings. 

Coal  filings. 

Town  site 
filings. 

Valentine 
scrip  filings. 

Mineral  ap- 
plications. 

No. 

Fees. 

No. 

Fees. 

No.      Fees. 

No. 

Fees. 

No. 

Fees. 

No. 

Fees. 

10 
57 
61 
75 
817 
2 
79 

$100 
570 

5 

1 

14 

395 

$15 

2 

42 

1,185 

2 

1 

12 

34 

3 

$6 
2 

36 

102 

6 

i 

16 
602 

$2 

48 

1,806 

610 

750 

2 

$G 

8  170 

''O 

124 
38 

372 
76 

0 

fi 

790 

17 
1 

34 
2 

17 
270 

34 
540 

50 
3 
7 

13 

112 

6 

21 

26 

Montana 

2-18         744 

78 

234 

237 

2  370 

4 

8 

2 

* 

62 
30 

690 

New  Mexico 

7 
24 

21 

48 

2 
12 
351 
10 
79 

6 

24 
702 

30 
158 

65 
4 

195 
8 

1 

3 

300 

North  Dakota 

Oklahoma 

1 

2 
3 
4 

Oregon 

271 

43 

1 

240 

813 

80 

3 

720 

52 

4 

70 

108 

150 

8 

210 

324 

1 
2 

16 

71 

107 

62 

160 

Soith  Dakota. ----- 

710 

Utah 

1  0"0 

Washington 

7 
2 
3 

21 
4 
9 

2 

$2 

620 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

19 

57 

275 

825 

9 

90 

Total 

1,  721     4,  706 

615     1,307 

1,277 

3,822 

9 

22 

2 

2 

1,695 

16, 950 

682 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Hccopitiijattovs,  %  States  and  TerrUorief<,of  the  disposal  of  pnhlic  lands,  etc. — Coutiuiied. 

[The  area  of  commuted  homesteads  and  timber  cultures,  final  homesteads,  and  final  desert  entries, 
and  tlie  area  and  amount  of  Indian  land  and  other  areas  in  brackets,  are  not  included  in  the  grand 
aggregate.] 


States  and  Terri- 
tories. 

Mineral 
protests. 

Applications 

for  timber 

and  stone 

lands. 

Can- 
cella- 
tion 
fees. 

Fees 
received 
for  reduo 
ing  testi- 
mony to 
writing, 

etc. 

Fees 
erro- 
ne- 
ously 
col- 
lected 

Supple- 
mental 
pay- 
ments 
on  tim- 
ber and 
stone 
applica- 
tions. 

Total  miscella- 
neous filings 
and  fees. 

Total 
amount 
of  fees 
and  com- 
missions 
fro:n  all 

Ifo. 

Fees. 

No. 

Fees. 

No. 

Fees. 

sources. 

$39 

$1, 433.  46 

$1, 472. 46 
110.  00 

1,  965.  61 

2,  "70. 19 
10,641.72 
24, 072.  66 

778. 43 

3,  328. 38 

$20, 984. 66 
110  00 

1 

$10 

11 

64 

65 

589 

2,188 

5 

229 

25 

1,  219.  61 

2,  044. 91 
4,  961.  72 
9,  098.  06 

743.43 
1,  905.  38 

$130 

12,  014. 28 
31, 059. 28 
75  267  33 

1 

2 

289 

10 

20 

2,890 

California 

470 
49 

$4,700 
490 

84 

325 

9 

11 

84  137  99 

14, 589.  04 

27,  377.  83 

46  34 

15 

150 

9 

90 

4 

1  42 

406.  88 
5,  909.  20 

005.  89 
1,  066. 27 
3,  374.  40 

520.  55 

1, 352.  22 

1, 673. 22 

9,513.36 

54. 30 

1,  233.  81 

3,  444.  00 

2,  742.  67 
3,456.10 
G,  454.  37 

GIG.  28 

4,  452.  39 
1,  085.  86 
1,  202.  77 

406. 88 
6, 400.  20 

768.  89 

1,113.27 

15, 086.  40 

543.  55 
1,-441.22 
5,  844.  22 
9, 953.  36 

714.  30 
1,814.81 
3, 643.  00 
3,  484.  07 
6,745.10 
7, 822.  37 
2, 152.  28 
8, 129.  30 
3,  704.  86 
2, 358.  77 

1  403  10 

381 
21 
13 
45 
23 
83 
12 

402 

55 

15 

17 

1,387 

75  109  85 

14 

140 

17  736  87 

9,  423.  63 
56  386  68 

1,061 

10',  610 

$405 

15  950  55 

3 

649 

19 

66 

108 

40 

352 

559 

214 

199 

612 

202 

322 

23  ''34  17 

37 

370 

42 

420 

38,  845. 39 

84,  303.  92 

1  458.30 

4 
3 

40 
30 

::;;:;::::" 

26 
119 
38 
27 
252 
43 
60 
15 
15 

IG,  160.  00 

61  842  55 

82, 994.  72 
49  585  81 

3 

4 
21 

2 

30 

40 

210 

20 

206 
11 

2,060 
110 

10 

South  Dakota 

93,  555. 27 

Utah 

14,  080. 92 

191 

200 

15 

1,910 

2,  000 

150 

54,819.79 
15,812.50 

"Wyoming 

1 

10 

19,  292.  46 

Total 

383   3,  830 

2,  268  ;22,  680  J2, 068 
I              1 

71, 170. 99 

144 

405 

7,970 

127, 166. 99 

998, 184.  65 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


683 


Hecaintidation  iy  States  and  Territories  of  the  disposal  of  thepuhlic  lands,  etc. — Contiuued. 

[The  area  of  commuted  homesteads  and  timber  cultures,  final  homesteads,  and  final  desert  entries, 
and  the  area  and  amount  of  Indian  land  and  other  areas  in  brackets,  are  not  included  in  the  graind 
aggregate.] 


States  and  Terri- 
tories. 


Aggregate  of  all  classes  of  entries, 
area  of  lands  disused  of,  and  re- 
ceipts from  all  sources. 


En- 
tries. 


Acres. 


Amount. 


Expenses  incident  to  the  disposals,  of  pub- 
lic lands. 


Salaries 
and  com- 
missions of 
register 

and 
receiver. 


Incidental 
expenses. 


Expense 
of  depos- 
iting. 


Total  ex- 
penses. 


Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Florida 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Xansas 

Louisiana 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada  

New  Mexico 

North  Dakota. . . 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

South  Dakota . . . 

Utah 

"Washington 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


3,457 
15 
2,790 
3,931 
8,836 

10,  698 

1.975 

3,573 

5 

3 

188 

9,510 

2.405 

1,069 

6,  385 

2,211 

3,  261 

5,740 

12,  602 
807 
2,251 
7,438 
7,015 
6,771 

10,540 
2,112 
7,488 
1,955 
4,023 


403, 
250, 
866. 
890, 
351, 
342. 


3, 
624, 
149, 
100, 
413. 
144, 
199. 
63i; 
1,  047, 
104, 
242. 
768^ 
855, 
718, 
970, 
215 
745 
103 
502, 


172.  78 
101.  97 
165.  83 
282.  32 
759. 10 
803.  79 
664.  53 
709.  22 
455.  42 
3.39 
044. 30 
534.  23 
2G5.  01 
256. 41 
926.  69 
278.  88 
698.  01 
148.53 
692. 14 
162. 03 
259.  68 
319.  30 
7,38. 37 
764.  48 
644.  82 
471. 72 
898.  37 
011.00 
453. 72 


$31,  206.  90 

625.  00 

90,  992.  79 

39,  071.  23 

466,  999. 17 

369,  317.  25 

23,  399.  09 

162,  2.30.  51 

48.64 

42.71 

3,  649.  85 

191,  800.  61 

34,  014.  02 

30,  023. 24 

224,618.79 

27,  226.  90 

44,  854.  34 

306, 190.  30 

257,  884.  22 

4, 153.  .30 

107,  022.  42 

188,774.45 

172,  240. 10 

422,  600. 06 

252,  550. 43 

94,  657. 11 

453,  058. 53 

101,  572.  93 

90,  640. 40 


$11,  615. 24 


11,  822.  08 
16,286.98 
45,  694. 41 
60,  532.  92 
6,000.00 
21,252.07 


2, 258. 00 
30, 971.  95 

9,322.  37 

6, 335. 56 
25,  071. 44 

6,  000.  00 

13,  079. 10 
25,  274. 70 
53, 473. 90 

5,  828.  04 

14,  935.  46 
25, 568. 61 
20,  319.  26 
30,162.84 
42,  812.  55 

6,  000. 00 
38,  201. 42 
13,  692. 28 
18, 896. 15 


$4, 809.  36 


1, 910. 86 
4,  055. 44 
15, 787. 45 
12, 657.  64 
4, 423.  26 
2, 414. 08 


527. 82 

13,  798.  60 

7,  235.  38 

1,  706.  08 

8,  360.  80 
4,491.75 

2,  706.  36 

6,  282. 46 
10,  583. 55 

425. 62 
1,636.96 

7,  549.  64 

14,  532.  61 
12, 103. 16 
13,  970.  90 

4,  269.  54 
13, 134. 16 

1,  096.  32 

2,  520. 37 


Total 129,  054  jll,  801,  686. 04  4, 191,  465.  29  561, 407.  33  172,  990. 17 


$17. 95 


$16, 442. 55 


313.95 
239. 75 
531. 97 
242.  65 
8.10 
85.80 


14,  046.  89 
20,  5«2. 17 
62,  013.  83 
73, 433. 21 
10, 431. 36 
23,  751. 95 


1.40 

230. 27 

1.45 

5.  SO 

51.35 

4.35 

27.30 

19.75 

240. 30 

20.90 

22.80 

80.68 

153. 65 

99.10 

144.45 


324.  63 
'728.50 


2,  787. 22 
45,  000. 82 
16, 559. 20 

8, 047. 44 
33,483.59 
10,  496. 10 
15,812.76 
31, 576. 91 
64,  297. 75 

6,  274. 56 
16, 595.  22 
33, 198. 93 
35,  005. 52 
42,  365. 10 
56,  927. 90 
10.  269. 54 
51,  660.  21 
14, 788.  60 
22, 145. 02 


3,596.85  1737.994.35 


684 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Slatcment  iy  offices  and    States  of  the  disposal  of  Indian    lands  during  the  fiscal  year 

'     ending  June  30,  1S93. 


State  and  ofTice. 


CHEROKEE  SCHOOL  LANDS. 


Alabama: 

Himtsville 


Colorado: 

Dviraiigo 

Gleuwood  Spriugs 

Gunnison 

Montroso 


Total. 


SHOSHONE  AND  BANNOCK. 
Idalio: 

Blackfoot  (Pocatelle  town  lots) 


OSAGE  TRUST   AND   DIMINISHED  RESERVE. 

Kansas: 

Garden  City 

Larned 

Topeka 


Total. 


KANSAS  TRUST  AND  DIMINISHED  RESERVE. 


Kan.sas: 
Topeka. 


Minnesota: 
Marshall . 


South  Dakota: 
Chamberlain  . 

Pierre 

Watertown  . . 


Total. 


FLATHEAD. 


Montana: 
Missoula . 


Nebraska : 

Grand  Island. 


OTOE  AND  .MISSOURIA. 


Nebraska: 
Lincoln 


Nebraska: 

Neligh 


Nebraska : 
O'Neill. 


Oregon : 

La  Grande  , 


Entries. 


Acres. 


9 
249 

C5 
225 


548 


12 


1,  398.  29 
30,  327. 49 

7, 471.  24 
37,  898. 49 


77, 095. 51 


2,  736.  59 

3, 309.  02 

933. 11 


Total  ca.sh 
receipts. 


6, 978. 72         35, 048. 52 


634.  46 


1, 999. 64 
"'457.28 


3,091.38 


720.  00 


20 


29 


997. 39 


454.  69 


$150. 33 


1,747.87 
43,041.11 
24,  734.  78 
29,  8:!S.  06 


99, 361. 82 


5,115.00 


11,322.05 
21,016.30 
2,710.17 


1,  940.  93 


865.  96 


12,  8f'6. 01 

6, 727.  82 

989.  93 


21,449.72 
8,  934.  69 
263. 36 
6, 950. 54 
34, 446. 76 
568. 40 
70, 522.  34 


RECAPITULATION. 


States. 

Entries. 

Acres. 

Total  cash 
receipts. 

3 

548 
200 
61 
12 
12 
49 

120.  26 
77, 095. 51 

""e,"  978.' 72' 

634.  46 

720.  00 

1, 452. 08 

$1.50.  33 

99,361.82 

5, 115.  00 

36,989.45 

8U5. 96 

8, 934. 69 

Nebraska 

42,  229.  30 
70,  522.  34 

115 

2, 456.  92 

20,  583.  76 

Total         

1,000 

89, 457. 95 

234, 752. 65 

EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     685 


EEPOET  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER  OF  INDIAN  AFFAIRS. 

Department  op  the  Interior, 

Office  of  Indian  Affairs, 
Washington,  D.  C,  Seiitemher  16,  1893. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  the  Sixty-secoud  Annual 
Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Afl'airs. 

I  entered  upon  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  this  Office  April  18 
last.  For  four  weeks  of  the  time  since  then  I  have  been  engaged  in 
New  York  City  making  contracts  for  the  purchase  of  goods  and  supplies 
for  the  Indian  Service,  and  I  have  had  no  time  as  yet  to  visit  Indian  res- 
ervations and  to  insjiect  i)ersonally  the  workings  of  the  agencies  and 
schools. 

However,  in  the  adjustment  of  questions  arising  at  remote  points 
where  knowledge  of  local  conditions  is  important,  I  have  had  the  val- 
uable aid  of  the  Assistant  Commissioner,  General  Armstrong,  who, 
having  visited  the  several  reservations  as  Indian  Inspector,  has  a  per- 
sonal knowledge  of  the  degrees  of  civilization  attained  by  the  various 
tribes,  and  the  local  conditions  at  each  agency. 

INDIAN  AGENTS. 

Under  the  legislation  contained  in  the  Indian  appropriation  act  of 
July  13, 1892,  the  following  order  in  regard  to  the  detail  of  Army  officers 
to  act  as  Indian  agents  was  issued  by  the  President  on  the  17th  of  last 
June : 

EXECUTIVK  MaNSIOX, 

Washington,  June  17,  1S93. 
Pursuant  to  a  provision  of  chapter  164  of  tlie  laws  of  the  hrst  session  of  the  Fifty- 
second  Congress,  passed  on  tlie  13tli  day  of  July,  1892,  which  reads  as  follows: 

Provided,  That  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act  the  President  shall  detail 
ofiScers  of  the  United  States  Army  to  act  as  Indian  agents  at  all  agencies  where 
vacancies  from  any  cause  may  hereafter  occur,  who,  while  acting  as  such  agents, 
shall  be  under  the  orders  and  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  except  at 
agencies  where,  in  the  opinion  of  the  President,  the  public  service  would  be  better 
promoted  by  the  appointment  of  a  civilian. 

I  hereby  detail  the  following  officers  of  the  United  States  Army  to  act  as  Indian 
agents  at  the  agencies  set  opposite  their  respective  names ;     *     *     * 

Gkover  Cleveland. 

The  order  contained  the  namerj  of  twenty  officers  thus  detailed,  and 
similar  orders  have  since  been  issued,  so  that  twenty-seven  out  of  fifty- 
seven  Indian  agencies  are  now  under  the  charge  of  Army  officers.  This 
makes  a  decided  change  in  the  jwlicy  of  administering  Indian  affairs. 
Of  its  practical  effects  it  is  now  too  soon  to  attemi)t  to  speak  fully,  and 
from  a  theoretical  standx)oint  the  subject  has  already  been  widely  dis- 
cussed. 

In  selecting  Indian  agents  for  agencies  where  the  President  has 
deemed  it  for  the  interest  of  the  service  that  civilian  agents  should  be 
appointed,  it  is  the  jwlicy  of  this  Office  to  recommend  persons,  as  a 
rule,  who  do  not  reside  in  the  vicinity  of  the  reservation  upon  which  their 
services  are  to  be  rendered.  It  may  as  well  be  taken  for  granted  that 
the  advancement  of  any  degraded,  ignorant  people  must  be  brought 
about  by  some  sacrifice  of  money,  time,  or  comfort  on  the  part  of  those 
who  have  attained  a  higher  scale  of  enlightment.  Ultimately  the  re- 
sult will  be,  of  course,  gain  all  around;  but  in  the  process  it  means 


686 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


temporary  loss.  Difficult  as  it  is  for  individuals  to  act  upon  tliis  prin- 
ciple, it  is  still  more  so  for  commuuities,  and  proverbially  so  for  corpo- 
rations. Therefore  the  immediate  interests  of  the  inhabitants  of  an 
Indian  reservation  and  those  of  white  settlements  or  towns  near  by  are 
apt  to  be,  or  to  be  considered,  conflicting.  Hence  it  is  a  very  diflicult 
matter  for  any  one  identified  with  the  i)rogress  of  a  town,  a  county,  or  a 
State  to  enter  an  Indian  reservation  and  when  any  local  question  comes 
up  involving  the  interests  of  both  races  to  so  divest  himself  of  a  strong 
prejudice  in  favor  of  his  own  race  as  to  enable  him  to  see  fairly  the 
needs  or  rights  of  the  other  race,  and  having  seen  them,  to  supply  the 
one  and  defend  the  other.  Experience  proves,  what  theory  would  indi- 
cate, that  agents  who  come  to  Indian  agencies  from  a  distance  are  more 
ready  than  those  living  near  by  to  give  their  best  efibrts  to  promote 
the  welfare  of  those  whom  they  are  employed  to  aid. 


ESTIMATES  FOE  APPEOPEIATIONS. 

Every  practicable  effort  is  being  made  to  reduce  the  cost  of  the 
Indian  Service.  Careful  examination  has  been  made  of  existing  agency 
and  stihool  positions,  and  wherever  it  could  be  done  without  detriment 
to  the  service,  positions  have  been  dispensed  with.  The  estimates  sub- 
mitted for  appropriations  for  the  entire  Indian  Service  for  the  fiscal  vear 
ending  June^SO,  1895,  amount  to  $6,931,750.61,  which  is  $193,639.83 
less  than  the  amount  appropriated,  and  81,191,454.70  less  than  the  esti- 
mate submittedj  for  the  cm-rent  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1894. 


EDUCATION. 
ATTENDAI^CE. 

The  advance  in  Indian  school  work  during  the  past  year  is  encour- 
aging, as  shown  by  a  resume  of  the  work  for  last  year  and  for  the  six 
years  previous,  which  is  given  in  the  following  tables : 

Table  1. — Enrollment  and  average  attendance  ai  Indian  schools,  ISSl  to  1S93. 

ENROLLED. 


Kind  of  scliooL 

1887. 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

GoTemment  schools : 

6,847 
3,115 

6,998 
3,175 

6,797 
2,863 

7,236 
2,963 

8,572 
2,877 

9,634 
3,481 

11,126 

Day       

3,589 

Total 

9,962 

10, 173 

9,660 

10, 199 

11,449 

13, 115 

14, 715 

Contract  schools : 

2,763 

1,044 

564 

3,234 

1,293 

512 

4,038 

1,307 

779 

4,186 

1,004 

988 

4,282 

886 

1,309 

4,262 

839 

1,344 

4,182 

Day   

616 

Boarding,  specially  appropriated  for... 

1,327 

Total 

4,371 

5,039 

6,124 

6,178 

6,477 

6,445 

6,125 

190 
157 

202 

Mission  schools  not  assisted  by  Govem- 

75 

14,333 

15,212 

15,784 

16,377 

17,  926 
1,549 

19,907 
1,981 

21,117 

1,210 

EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


687 


Table  1. — Enrollmen  t  and  average  attendance  at  Indian  schools,  ISSl.  to  1S03 — Cont  inued. 

AYERAGE  ATTEXDAyCE.  _ 


Kind  of  Schools. 

1887. 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1862. 

1893. 

Government  schools: 

5,276 
1, 896 

5,533 
1,929 

5,212 
1,744 

5,644 
1,780 

6,749 
1,661 

7,622 
2,084 

9,068 

Day         

2,165 

Total                 

7,172 

7,4C2 

6,956 

7,424 

8,410 

9,706 

11,233 

Contract  schools : 

2,258 
C&4 
486 

2,694 

786 
478 

3,213 
662 
721 

3,384 
587 
837 

3,504 

502 

1, 172 

3,585 

473 

1,204 

3,449 

X)av                             -   - 

342 

Boiudinj;,  specially  appropriated  for... 

1,113 

Xotal 

3,348 

3,958 

4,596 

4,808 

5,178 

5,262 

4,904 

106 
93 

123 

Mi-ssion  schools  not  assisted  by  Govern- 



43 

10, 520 

11,420 

11,  552 

12,  232 

13,  588 
1,356 

15, 167 
1,579 

16,  ^03 

1,136 

1             !             1 

Table  2. — Number  of  Indian  schools  and  average  attendance  from  1S77  to  J893. 


Year. 


Boarding  schools. 


Number. 


Average 
attendance. 


Day  schools. 


Number. 


Average 
attendance. 


Totals. 


Number. 


Average 
attendance. 


1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 


GO 

68 

71 

75 

86 

114 

115 

117 

126 

136 

140 

146 

149 

156* 


3,888 
2. 755 
2,599 
4,358 
6,201 
7,260 
8,020 
8,705 
9.146 
9,865 
11,425 
12, 422 
13,  635 


83 

119 

107 

109 

106 

54 

64 

76 

86 

99 

110 

107 

103 

106 

110 

126 

119 


4,221 
1,311 
1,443 
1,757 
1  942 
2,370 
2,500 
2,715 
2,406 
2,  3G7 
2,163 
2,745 
2,668 


131 
168 
159 
169 
174 
125 
139 
162 
200 
214 
227 
233 
239 
246 
256 
275 
275t 


3,508 
4,142 
4,488 
4,051 
4,976 
4,066 
4,042 
6,U5 
8,143 
9,630 
10, 520 
11,420 
11,552 
12,232 
13,  588 
15, 167 
10,  303 


■*  During  the  year  four  schools  conducted  by  mis.sionary  societies  were  discontinued  and  two  Govern- 
ment schonla  -were  consolid.ited  into  one. 
1  Public  schools  attended  by  Indian  jjupils  not  included. 

As  tlie  above  tables  indicate,  tlie  past  year  has  kept  pace  with  its 
predecessors  iu  showing  a  steady  increase  in  the  enrollment  of  pupils, 
with  a  slightly  increased  percentage  in  regularity  of  attendance.  Any 
advance  in  average  attendance  is  a  reliable  indication  of  improved 
schools,  earnest  work  on  the  i)art  of  agents,  and  growing  appreciation 
of  education  by  Indians.    Among  the  best  records  are  the  following: 


Enrolled. 

Average 
attendance. 

Number 

of 
months. 

157 
120 
75 
193 
114 

151 
101 
68+ 
173 
103 

10 

10 

6 

Pine  Ridge 

3 

Klamath .". 

10 

G88 


PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THE 


NONRESERVATION  SCHOOLS. 


Since  the  date  of  the  last  aimnal  report  six  new  training?  schools 
Lave  been  opened,  as  was  then  anticipated,  at  Pipestone,  Minn. ;  Mount 
Pleasant,  Mich.;  Flandreau,  S.  Dak.;  Toniah,  Wis.;  Perris,  Cal.,  and 
Fort  Shaw,  Mont.  The  first  four  originated  with  Congress.  Perris  is 
the  only  boarding  school  ever  furijished  for  the  Mission  Indians  in  <Jal- 
ifornia,  and  within  two  months  from  the  date  of  opening,  the  school 
had  nearly  all  the  pupils  which  the  buildings  would  accommodate.  The 
Fort  Shaw  school  was  opened  December  27,  1892,  in  a  military  post 
vacated  the  previous  year. 

The  size,  location,  and  attendance  of  the  twenty  training  schools  now 
in  operation  are  given  in  the  following  table: 


Table  3.- 


-Location,  average  attendance,  capacity,  etc.,  of  nonreservation  training  schools 
during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  SO,  1893. 


Name  of  school. 


Carlisle,  Pa 

Chemawa,  Oregon 

Fort  Steven  sou,  N.  Dak 

Cliilocoo,  Okla , 

Genoa,  Nebr 

Alliiiqiiei-que,  N.  Mex  .. 

Haskell,  Kans 

Gniucl  Junction,  Colo 

Santa  F6,  N.  Mex 

Fort  Mojave,  Ariz 

Carson,  Kev 

Piei  re,  S.  Dak 

Phcenix,  Ariz 

Fort  Lfmis,  Colo 

Fort  Sliaw,  Mont 

Perris,  Cal 

Flandreau,  S.  Dak 

Pipestone,  Minn 

Mt.  Pleasant,  Mich 

Tomah,  Wis 


Total 


Date  of 
ojiening. 


Nov. 
Feb. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Aug. 
Sept. 

Oct., 
Oct., 
Dec, 
Feb., 
Sept. 
Mar. 
Dec. 
Jan. 


Mar. 
Feb., 
Jan. 
Jan. 


1, 1S79 
25, 1880 

18. 1883 
15, 18S4 

20. 1884 
,      1884 

1,1884 
1886 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1891 
,  IS'ni 
1892 

27. 1892 
9, 1893 
7, 1893 

1893 
3, 1893 

10. 1893 


Number 
of  em- 
ploj'6s. 


Eate  per 
annum. 


167 
175 


167 
•107 
175 
167 
175 
175 
167 
175 
167 
175 


167 


167 
167 
167 


Capacity, 


«  800 
300 
150 

t  300 
400 
300 
500 
120 
175 
150 
125 
180 
130 
300 
250 
120 
150 
75 
100 
75 


4,700 


Enroll- 
ment. 


840 

336 

1.57 

236 

414 

269 

000 

102 

173 

134 

122 

147 

121 

94 

171 

113 

98 

61 

59 

93 


4,346 


Average 
attend- 
ance. 

731 

248 

153 

224 

340 

222 

538 

98 

118 

118 

80 

120 

105 

63 

136 

90 

86 

38 

36 

77 


3,621 


*  With  outing  system. 


t  When  impro\-ements  under  way  are  completed. 


These  schools  with  their  special,  and  necessarily  somewhat  expensive, 
appliances  for  giving  pupils  instruction  in  various  trades,  are  now  so 
numerous  and  so  widely  scattered  throughout  the  country  as  to  be  con- 
veniently accessible  to  the  majority  of  the  Indian  tribes;  and  it  is 
believed  that  no  new  schools  of  this  character  need  be  hereafter  estab- 
lished. It  is  time,  however,  that  the  purpose  for  which  they  were 
originally  established  should  be  more  sttictly  adhered  to  than  formerly; 
that  Ls,  tliat  they  should  be  regarded  as  advanced  schools,  compara- 
tively speaking,  and  that  their  pupils  should  as  a  rule  consist  of  those 
who  have  previously  attended  the  reservation  schools,  and  having 
nearly  or  quite  finished  the  reservation-school  course,  will  i^rofit  by 
further  training  both  in  books  and  in  industries.  Such  a  policy  was 
made  mandatory  in  regard  to  the  Carlisle  school  by  the  following  legis- 
lation iu  the  Indian  appropriation  act  of  July  13,  1892: 

And  provided  further.  That  no  more  Indian  children  shall  enter  and  be  educated 
and  siijiported  at  said  school  Avho  have  not  attended  some  other  school  I'or  a  i)eriod 
of  at  least  three  years. 

Transfer  from  a  reservation  to  a  nonreservation  school  should  be 
looked  upon  as  a  promotion  and  a  i)rivilege,  and  selections  for  such 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     689 

transfer  sliould  be  carefully  made  and  based  npon  merit  and  proficiency. 
Siicli  a  system,  fully  carried  out,  will  give  to  tLe  liiglier  schools 
a  more  earnest  class  of  pupils,  better  able  to  use  profitably  the  very 
excellent  advantages  Avliicli  these  schools  offer,  old  enough  when  they 
come  to  engage  in  regular  .shop  or  farm  work,  and  old  enough  when 
they  leave  to  have  fairly  mastered  a  trade  and  to  have  acquired  char- 
acter and  habits  of  vsufficient  strength  and  tenacity  to  withstand  the 
strain  of  reservation  and  tribal  influences.  This  system  will  also  have 
a  favorable  reflex  effect  upon  the  reservation  schools,  giving  an  aim 
toward  which  both  teachers  and  pupils  can  work,  and  thus  increasing 
interest  and  stimulating  ambition. 

This,  however,  presupposes  cheerful  cooperation  on  the  part  of  the 
reservation  schools.  They  must  expect  to  surrender  to  the  remote 
training  schools  their  brightest  and  most  promising  pupils,  those  who 
have  the  best  mental,  moral,  and  physical  endowments,  and  must  en- 
courage them  to  go  just  when  they  shall  have  become  most  interesting 
as  pupils  and  most  helpful  and  reliable  in  the  various  industrial  de- 
partments. Their  places  must  be  supplied  in  turn  with  the  raw 
material  from  the  camps,  to  be  "worked  up"  with  the  same  patience, 
care,  and  enthusiasm  which  was  expended  upon  their  predecessors. 
This  is,  of  course,  the  natural  order  of  things;  yet  in  some  schools  it 
has  been  looked  upon  as  a  hardship.  Good  material  has  been  parted 
with  reluctantly,  and  attempt  has  even  been  made  to  use  the  non- 
reservation  school  as  a  means  of  getting  rid  of  the  poor  material  with 
which  the  reservation  school  was  encumbered.  Such  a  spirit  is  entirely 
out  of  harmony  with  any  attempt  to  establish  an  efficient  system  of 
Indian  education. 

As  a  further  step  toward  increasing  their  efficiency,  it  has  been 
decided  not  to  force  the  attendance  of  Indian  children  upon  nonreser- 
vation  schools  against  the  will  of  their  parents,  and  the  following 
instructions  were  issued  to  agents  and  school  superintendents  on  the 
22d  of  April  last: 

You  are  advised  that  hereafter  no  children  are  to  be  taken  away  from  reserva- 
tions to  noureservation  schools  without  the  full  consent  of  the  parents  and  the 
approval  of  the  agent.  The  consent  of  the  parents  must  he  voluntary  and  not  in 
any  degree  or  manner  the  result  of  coercion. 

This  order,  however,  does  not,  as  some  have  supposed,  conflict  with 
the  law  of  March  3,  1893,  which  is  as  follows : 

Hereafter  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  in  his  discretion  withhold  rations, 
clothing,  and  other  annuities  from  Indian  parents  or  guardians  who  refuse  or  neg- 
lect to  send  and  keep  their  children  of  proper  school  age  in  some  school  a  reason- 
able portion  of  each  jear. 

Thus  far  I  have  not  found  it  necessary  to  resort  to  any  of  these 
means  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  attendance  of  pupils  will  be  secured 
without  recourse  to  such  penalties;  yet  cases  may  arise  when  the  Hon. 
Secretary  may  find  it  expedient  to  exercise  the  powers  granted.  The 
Indian  child  should  be  taught  at  least  to  read,  to  write,  and  to  speak 
English,  and  how  to  work  and  to  live  in  a  civilized  way.  Upon 
the  reservations,  day  schools  and  boarding  schools  should  be  provided 
and  should  be  attended.  But  tlie  forcible  taking  of  children  a  long 
distance  from  their  homes  against  the  will  of  their  parents,  and  often 
to  localities  so  different  from  their  homes  as  to  make  the  climatic  changes 
exceedingly  trying,  is  to  me  a  matter  of  very  doubtful  expediency. 
Even  ignorant  and  superstitious  parents  have  rights,  and  their  paren- 
tal feelings  are  entitled  to  consideration.  Doubtless  deference  to  their 
wishes  will  sometimes  deprive  their  children  of  educational  advantages 
Ab.  93 44 


690  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

in  a  iionreservation  scliool,  whose  value  can  be  appreciated  neither  by- 
parent  nor  child.  Yet  an  overzealous  attempt  to  enforce  even  a  bless- 
ing is  apt  to  arouse  a  distrust  and  antagonism,  which  in  the  loug  run 
prevents  rather  tlian  promotes  the  good  results  desired.  If  it  comes  to 
be  uuderstood  by  Indians  that  they  must  attend  home  schools  and 
should  attend  distant  schools,  they  will  be  more  approachable  on  the 
latter  subject  and  more  ready  to  listen  to  the  arguments  in  favor  of  a 
longer  term  of  schooling  and  a  more  thorough  course  of  industrial  train- 
ing than  most  reservation  schools  can  offer. 

1  am  advised  that  a  large  majority  of  the  pupils  attending  nonreserva- 
tion  scliools  have  been  secured  without  any  sort  of  compulsion.  Urgent 
requests  are  often  made  by  parents  as  well  as  young  people  that  they 
may  be  allowed  the  privilege  of  education  in  a  training-school,  and  re- 
turned students,  especially,  who  know  by  experience  what  the  advan- 
tages of  these  schools  are  and  are  worth,  urge  them  upon  their  friends 
and  relatives.  But  the  few  instances  of  compulsion  are  so  exaggerated 
that  their  effect  in  prejudicing  Indians  against  the  schools  is  entirely 
disproportionate,  and  I  am  satisfied  that  a  better  state  of  feeling  will 
prevail  and  a  better  class  of  inipils  be  secured  if  moral  suasion  only  is 
resorted  to  for  the  tilling  of  nonreservation  schools,  even  though  tem- 
Xwrarily  the  attendance  should  fiill  below  the  capacity  of  the  buildings. 

An  effort  is  also  being  made  to  define  the  localities  from  which  the 
respective  nonreservation  schools,  both  Government  and  contract, 
may  draw  their  x^upils,  the  object  being  twotold: 

First,  so  far  as  practicable,  it  will  keep  the  young  people  within  the 
climate  and  latitude  to  which  they  are  accustomed.  This  will,  of 
course,  favorably  aftect  the  health  question.  It  will  also  tend  to  insure 
to  the  pupils  training  in  such  industries  as  they  are  likely  to  pursuein 
after  life,  and  instruction  in  the  methods  of  farming,  care  of  stock,  and 
out-of-door  M'ork  generally,  which  prevail  in  their  home  localities. 

Second,  it  will  modify,  if  not  wholly  break  up,  a  practice,  which  has 
gradually  grown  until  it  has  become  i:)ernicious,  of  having  many  differ- 
ent schools  searching  for  pupils  on  the  same  reservation.  i«rotwith- 
standing  the  fact  that  the  source  of  supply  is  ample  and  there  are  many 
more  children  than  the  schools  can  care  for,  there  has  arisen  rivalry 
and  competition  in  obtaining  Indian  pupils.  This  leads  to  the  making 
of  promises  to  parents  and  pupils  and  holding  out  of  inducements 
which  are  very  difficult  of  fulfillment  afterward,  and  very  disappointing 
to  the  Indians  when  not  strictly  fulfilled  according  to  their  under- 
standing of  the  arrangements  made.  Such  a  course  also  fosters  in  the 
Indian  an  idea,  which  he  is  too  ready  to  cherish,  that  he  confers  rather 
than  receives  a  favor  in  giving  up  his  child  to  be  educated  free  of  any 
expense  to  himself. 

Of  course  lines  can  not  at  once  be  too  strictly  or  arbitrarily  drawn ; 
but  a  beginning  has  been  made.  The  Indian,  however,  is  not  to  be 
restricted  in  his  individual  choice,  if  he  has  any  j  and  if  a  youth  wishes 
to  go,  or  a  parent  wishes  to  send  his  child,  to  any  particular  school, 
his  wishes  will  be  regarded,  unless  there  should  happen  to  be  some 
imperative  reason  for  doing  otherwise. 

The  "outing  system"  begun  at  Carlisle,  and  most  successfully  oper- 
ated in  that  school,  is  spreading  through  other  nonreservation  schools; 
and  even  Phoenix,  in  less  than  two  years  from  the  date  of  its  opening, 
reports  that  its  boys  have  been  employed  in  neighboring  vinej'ards  and 
its  girls  in  neighboring  families,  and  that  the  deinand  for  domestic  help 
is  much  greater  than  the  school  can  supply.  Carlisle,  which  has  had 
621  pupils  "out"  among  farmers  and  others  at  different  periods  during 
the  year,  has  had  requests  for  twice  that  number. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


691 


RESERVATION  BOARDING  SCHOOLS. 

Tlie  following-  table  gives  the  capacity  and  date  of  opening  of  the 
Government  boarding  schools  located  upon  reservations: 

Table  4. — Location,  capacity,  and  date  of  opening  of  Government  reservation  hoarding 

schools. 


Location. 


Ca-     I       Date  of 
pacity.  I      opening. 


Kern  ark  8. 


Arizona: 

Colorado  Kiver 

Keam's  Canon 

Kavajo  Agency 

Pima 

San  Carlos 

California : 

Fort  Yuma 

Hoopa 

Eoimd  Valley 

Idaho : 

Fort  Hall 

Tort  Lapwai 

Lemhi 

Indian  Territory : 

Quapaw 

Seneca,  Shawnee,  and  "Wyandotte. 

Kansas: 

Kickapoo 

Pottawatomie 


Sac  and  Fox  and  Iowa . 

Minnesota : 

Leech  Lake 

Pino  Point 


EedLake 

White  Earth 

Wild  Piice  Eiver . 


Montana : 

Blackfcet 

Crow 

Fort  Belknap  . 
Fort  Peck  .... 


Nebraska : 

Omaha 

Santee 

Winnebago 

Nevada : 

Pyramid  Lake 

Western  Shoshone 

Kew  ilexieo : 

Mescalero 

North  Dakota : 

Fort  Totten,  Whipple  Institute. . . 

Standing  Eock,  agency 

Standing  Rock,  Agricultural 

Staiuliiig  Eock,  Little  Eagle 

Nortli  Carolina : 

Eastern  Cherokee 


Oklahoma : 

Absentee  Shawnee. 
Arapaho 


Cheyenne. 

Fort  SOI.. 

Kaw 


Osage. 

0t0(3.. 


Pawnee 

Pojica 

Rainy -Mountain 

Riverside  (Wichita) 


110 
100 
110 


120 
180 


Mar., 


Jan., 
Oct., 
Aug., 
Aug., 


Apr., 
Oct., 


1883 
1884 
1891 

1881 


1881 
1874 
1874 


Nov.,  1882 
Feb.  11, 1893 

Apr.,  1884 


425  i5 


110 

100 


70 
100 

200 
125 

60 

160 

80 

100 

100 
50 
60 


(I  J  an.. 
May, 


1874 
1891 
1877 
1878 


Jan.  1,  1893 


May, 
Dec. 


Aug., 
;i)ec., 
;Aug., 
Feb., 
Oct., 


Jan., 


1872 

1875 

1879 
1891 
1809 
i874 
1874 
1875 
1865 
1878 
1882 


Sept.,     1871 


Ready  to  open  in  Fall  of  1893, 


Begun  by  Friends  as  orphan  asylum  in 
1867,  under  contract  with  tribe. 


Iowa. 

Sac  and  Fox. 


Prior  to  this  date  a   contract   school 
opened  in  November,  1888. 


Prior  to  this  date  a  contract  school 
opened  in  November,  1888. 


Buildings  burned  November,  1801,  and 
September,  1892. 


Previously  a  semiboarding  school. 


At  agencv. 

At  Fort  Totten. 


Ready  to  open  in  Fall  of  1893. 

Prior  to  this  date  a  contract  school 
opened  in  1885. 


Started   under   the 
Friends  in  1872. 


auspices    of    the 


In  Kansas. 

In  Indian  Territory. 

In  Nebraska. 

Do. 
In  Indian  Territory. 

Ready  to  open  in  Fall  of  1893. 


*  It  was  closed  March,  1876,  and  not  reopened  until  February,   1880.  and  was  removed  from  the 
agency  to  the  military  buildings  at  Fort  ITall.  its  present  location,  in  the  fall  of  1883. 
tin  new  buildings  just  approaching  completion,  to  replace  bmlding  burned  in  February,  1892. 


692 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Table  4. 


-Location,  capacitij,  and  date  of  opening  of  Government  reservation  ioarding 
schools — Continued. 


Location. 


Ca- 
pacity. 


Date  of 
opening. 


Eemarks. 


Oklahoma — Continued. 


Sac  and  Fox  . 


Seger  Colony 

Wa.sliita  (Kiowa) . 
Oregon : 

Grande  Eonde 

Klamath  

Siletz 

Sincniasho 

Umatilla , 

Warm  Springs  . . . 

Yainax 

South  Dakota: 

Fort  Beuuctt 

Forest  City , 

Crow  Creek 

Lower  Brule 

Pine  Kidge 

Sisseton 

Yankton  

Utah : 

Ouray , 

Uintah 

Washington: 

Neah  Bay 

Chehalia 

Okanagan 

PuyalUip , 

Quiiiaielt 

S'Kokomish 

Yakima 

■yVisconsin: 

Menomonee 

Oneida 

"Wyoming: 

Shoshone 


In  Kansas. 

In  Indian  Territory. 


Girls'  school.  1 
Boys'  school. 


56 
60 
60 

150 
40 
60 

139 

125 
80 

125 


Apr.,     1893 
Jan.,      1881 

July, 
Jan., 


1873 
1890 
June,     1871 

1868 

Dec,      1866 
1860 

1876 


Mar.  27,1893 
Apr.,     1879 


Total 7, 558 


*  Also  thirty  additional  day  pupils. 

t Originally  Governiueut  buildings,  and  school  largely  managed  by  Episcopalians.  New  buildings 
and  aihlitions  were  erected  by  Episcopalians,  and  o:-igia;\l  Government  building  was  worn  out  and 
"plant"  now  belongs  to  the  missionary  society  which  carries  on  the  school. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  six  of  tbe.se  boarding  scbools  have  been  opened 
dnriug  the  past  year  among  the  Sionx,  Cheyennes  and  Arapahoes, 
Western  Sboshones,  Hoopas,  Wisconsin  Oneidas,  and  Utes  at  Ouray. 
The  last  four  tribes  have  never  before  had  a  boarding  school.  The 
Oneidas  showed  their  appreciation  of  their  new  privilege  by  putting  in 
59  pupils  the  first  day  and  by  offering  in  the  first  six  weeks  40  more 
pupils  than  the  buildings  would  accommodate.  The  Hoopa  school  was 
established  in  the  vacated  military  post  of  Fort  Gaston. 

The  Cheyennes  and  Arapahoes  of  Seger  Colony  have  fully  redeemed 
the  promises  which  they  made  as  to  what  they  would  do  if  a  school  ol 
their  own  should  be  given  them,  so  that  a  school  which  will  poorly 
accommodate  75  i)upils  has  had,  during  its  six  months'  existence,  an 
average  attendance  of  GS+  pupils,  of  wliom  80  per  cent  had  never  been 
in  school  before.  His  intercsdng  experiment  in  school  discipline  as 
reported  by  Superintendent  Seger,  is  worth  quoting: 

As  the  matter  of  discipline  is  a  very  important  factor  in  an  Indian  school,  it  was 
one  of  the  fir.st  things  to  regulate;  and  as  about  80  per  cent  of  the  children  had 
never  before  been  in  school  and  a  majority  of  the  parents  had  never  sent  children 
to  school,  and  the  children  not  being  able  to  speak  English,  all  contributed  to  make 
the  question  a  difficult  one  to  solve.  Kememberiug  how  well  the  parents  had 
ri  spondod  to  the  call  for  cliildren,  I  concluded  to  make  use  of  them  in  helping  to 
govern  the  school.  With  this  view  a  meeting  was  called  and  all  tlic  patrons  invited, 
and  the  questitu  was  submitted  to  them  of  how  best  to  maintain  order  and  disci- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     G93 

pline,  and  in  the  event  of  any  children  being  unruly  or  disobedient,  -what  punish- 
ment was  best  to  Inflict  and  to  what  extent  would  they  support  me  in  enforcing 
discipline. 

The  matter  was  discussed  freely,  there  being  some  who  favored  expelling  scholars 
who  were  incorrigible  and  others  being  put  in  their  place;  while  others  claimed 
that  none  should  be  expelled,  as  in  so  doing  it  would  send  to  camp  the  worst  chil- 
dren, those  who  most  need  the  discipline  of  the  school  and  who  need  its  influence 
both  constraining  and  restraining;  that  if  they  grew  up  in  camp  with  nothing  to 
influence  their  perverse  natures,  they  would  not  only  be  of  no  use  to  themselves 
but  would  be  a  drawback  to  those  around  them.  They  recommended  that  the  mat- 
ter of  discipline  be  left  wholly  to  the  superintendent,  and  that  if  corporal  punish- 
ment was  necessary  it  should  be  used  to  the  extent  necessary  to  enforce  discipline. 

This  sentiment  prevailed  and  was  consented  to  by  all  present.  I  attribute  the 
fact  that  we  did  not  find  it  necessary  to  inflict  punishment  beyond  extra  duty 
and  denying  privileges  which  would  otherwise  have'  been  granted,  to  the  children 
knowing  that  their  parents  expected  them  to  obey  the  rules  of  the  school  and 
would  approve  of  such  punishment  as  was  necessary  to  accomplish  this  end.  We 
did  not  require  the  discipline  we  consider  would  be  proper  in  an  older  school, 
yet  it  improved  from  the  time  school  began  to  the  close  of  the  terra.  As  discipline 
is  maintained  by  observing  rules,  we  resolved  that  the  children  should  have  time 
to  learn  them. 

At  Round  Valley,  Cal.,  a  new  building-  recently  completed  replaces 
one  tbat  was  burned  in  July,  1883.  A  boarding  school  will  be  opened 
there  this  fall  tor  the  first  time  in  ten  years.  A  new  boarding  school 
building  in  an  outlying  settlement  on  the  Standing  Eock  Reservation 
has  been  erected  and  a  school  will  be  opened  there  this  fall.  Tlie 
same  is  true  of  a  school  ready  to  be  opened  at  Eainy  Mountain,  on  the 
Kiowa  Reservation. 

The  only  agencies  that  are  now  without  one  or  more  Government, 
reservation,  boarding  schools  are  Rosebud,  Sac  and  Fox  in  Iowa, 
Tongue  River,  Tulalip,  La  Pointe,  Southern  IJte,  Mission,  Pueblo,  and 
Fort  Berthold.  The  last  three  might  be  omitted  as  they  have  training 
schools  in  such  close  proximity  as  to  serve  the  purpose  of  reservation 
schools.  The  Southern  Utes  will  have  to  be  cared  for  at  the  Fort  Lewis 
school  pending  the  settlement  of  the  question  of  their  permanent  locar 
tiou.  The  new  Tomah  school  near  the  center  of  Wisconsin  gives  insuffi- 
cient help  to  the  many  widely  separated  bands  under  the  La  Pointe 
Agency.  The  new  school  at  Mount  Pleasant  does  the  same  for  the  In- 
dians of  Michigan  who  are  not  under  any  agency.  Tulalip  and  Tongue 
River  are  entirely  dependent  upon  a  contract  school  at  each  agency,  the 
former  held  in  Government  buildings  and  the  latter  in  buildings  owned 
by  the  school.  The  Sac  and  Fox  Indians  in  Iowa  oppose  schools  of  any 
sort.  The  Rosebud  Sioux  have  long  comi:)laine(l  of  their  failure  to  have 
any  boarding  school,  aud  repeated  promises  of  one  still  call  for  fulfill- 
ment. Attempts  to  find  a  desirable  location  with  farming  land  and  good 
water  have  thus  far  been  unsuccessful. 

The  importance  of  the  reservation  school  can  hardly  be  overesti- 
mated. To  it  the  large  majority  of  Indian  youth  will  be  indebted  for 
whatever  knowledge  they  have  of  books,  of  the  English  language,  and 
of  civilized  ways  of  living.  Set  down  in  the  midst  of  their  homes  it  is 
an  object  lesson  for  all  families  on  the  reservation,  puts  Indian  boys 
and  girls  into  a  new  home  atmosphere,  -^et  leaves  them  in  touch  with 
the  old  home  life,  and  shows  them  in  situ  bow  to  do  just  the  work  which 
they  must  do  after  school  days  are  over.  With  Indians  as  with  white 
people,  the  rank  and  file  must  stay  at  home  and  try  to  better  their  con- 
dition there;  the  leaders  must  go  away  and  get  all  that  new  conditions, 
a  wider  horizon  and  lofty  ideals  can  yield.  The  few  must  be  raised  to 
a  high  plane,  and  the  mass  must  also  feel  an  uplifting  force;  then  the 
few  will  know  how  to  help  and  the  many  how  to  respond. 

The  reservation  schools    still    need  strengthening,  equipping   and 


694 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


enlarging  in  a  great  nianj- directions  to  enable  tliem  to  do  the  best  and 
most  of  wliich  tliey  are  capable.  The  Navajoes,  for  instance,  have  but 
one  school  which  will  care  for  only  130  out  of  their  3,000  children.  They 
are  as  yet  for  the  most  part  indifferent  or  hostile  to  scliools;  yet  they 
are  an  unusually  intelligent  people,  and  their  conservatism  must  yield 
before  long.  When  it  does,  a  large  field  will  be  opened  for  new 
educational  work.  Eosebud  has  alreadj^  been  mentioned.  At  many 
other  points  an  extension  of  school  facilities  is  called  for.  The  subject  of 
building  up  reservation  schools  shall  receive  my  most  earnest  attention 
so  far  as  funds  for  the  purpose  shall  be  furnished  by  Congress. 

EESERVATION  DAY  SCHOOLS. 

-  The  increase  in  day  schools  during  the  year  has  been  mainly  among 
the  Pine  Eidge  Sioux.  The  twenty  schools  now  there  and  the  fifteen 
at  Eosebud,  with  the  numerous  and  excellent  Government  boarding  and 
day  schools  on  the  other  Siouxreservations,  and  theriandreau,Pii)estone, 
and  Pierre  schools  in  their  immediate  vicinity,  and  the  contract  schools 
among  the  Sioux  to  whose  support  the  Government  contributes,  may 
be  considered  as  at  last  meeting  the  requirements  of  the  Sioux  treaties, 
which  promised  a  school  and  teacher  for  every  30  children  of  school 
age.  i^Tearly  half  of  all  the  day  schools  in  the  Indian  service  are  among 
the  Sioux.  The  Government  is  now  in  a  position  to  demand  of  these 
Indians  a  fulfillment  of  their  part  of  the  pledge. 

Whatever  the  limitations  and  disadvantages  of  day  schools  among 
Indians  they  have  their  ardent  supporters  and  their  unquestionable 
usefulness.  They  are  stepping  stones  both  to  the  boarding  schools  and 
the  public  schools,  and  can  often  be  established  where  neither  the  one 
nor  the  other  would  be  practicable.  They  are  small  feeders  which  swell 
the  educational  stream. 

A  few  day  schools  have  been  discontinued.  The  following  table  shows 
the  location  and  capacity  of  the  various  Government  day  schools  in 
operation  during  the  past  year : 

Table  5. — Location  and  capacUy  of  Government  day  schools,  June  30,  1S93. 


Arizona: 

■Siin  Carlos,  White  Mountain  Apacbo 50 

Caliloinia: 

Bishop* 65 

(Jrconville* 100 

Potter  Valley 50 

Mission,  8  schools "43 

Round  Valley 40 

Ukiah*  40 

Iowa : 

Sao  and  Fox 40 

Miclii^an: 

Baraga '50 

L'Anse 30 

Minnesota: 

Birch  Cooley 36 

Montana : 

Ton;j;uo  Ei  ver 30 

Nebrasica: 
San  tec: 
riaudreau  50 

Kevada : 
Nevada: 

AViids  wojth 24 

Will li er  Ki ver 24 

New  iSlcxico: 
l'u(^blo: 

(Jochita 30 

Laffuna 40 


Now  Mexico — Continned. 

Pueblo — Continued. 

Zia 

Santa  Chira 

North  Carolina: 

Eastern  Cheroliee,  4  schools 

Nortli  Dakota : 

Devils  Lake,  Turtle  Mountain,  3  schools. 

Standing  Keck,  S  schools 

Oklahoma : 

Poiica,  etc.,  Oakland : 

South  Dakota: 

Forest  City,  6  schools 

Pine  Kidire,  20  schools 

Ivoscbud,  15  schools 

Washington : 

Luiunii 

Neah  Bay,  Qnillebuto 

Puyaliup: 

Jamestown*  

Port  Gamble* 

Wisconsin : 

Green  Bay,  7  schools 

La  Pointe,  7  schools 

Utah : 

Shebit 


150 
320 


149 
670 
523 

50 
GO 

30 
35 

320 
201 


Total  capacity .' 3,  792 

Total  number  of  schools 102 


*Not  on  a  reservation. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 


695 


PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

All  especial  effort  has  been  made,  and  will  be  continued,  to  secure  tlie 
admission  of  Indian  children  into  the  public  schools.  They  are  provided 
for  in  public  schools  as  follows : 

Table  6. — PulUc  schools  at  whidi  Indian  2)iq7Us  were  i^laced  under  contract  ivith  the 
Indian  Bureau  dnriug  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893. 
Oregon : 

District  ?ro.  32 4 

South  Dakota : 


B3(l  Eiver  District,  Stauley  Countv 13 

Utah: 

District  Ifo.  12,  Portage 41 

Washington : 

District  No.  10,  Pierce  County 1 

District  No.  87,  King  County 8 

Wisconsin: 

Ashland Jo 

Round  Lake 20 

208 


California: 

AlI)ion 18 

Belm 18 

Kouiid  Valley ---..     30 

Minnesota : 

School  District  Xo.  4 C 

N ehraska : 

School  District  No.  1 6 

School  District  No.  10 5 

School  District  No.  87 4 

North  Dakota : 

TownshipNo.  1,  St.  John 40 

Oklahoma : 

Township   17,   E.    E.    Stillwater,   Paj-ne 
County 40 

The  total  number  of  Indian  pupils  provided  for  in  public  schools 
during-  the  second  year  of  the  experment  was  212,  and  dnriug  the  first 
year  100.  The  advantage  to  the  Indian  pupils  consists  not  only  in  the 
instruction  given  by  the  teacher,  but  also  in  what  they  almost  uncon- 
sciously learn  from  the  white  children  with  whom  they  associate. 

If  States  and  counties  would  interest  themselves  in  this  method  of 
providing  against  the  raising  of  ignorant  young  heathen  in  their  midst, 
it  would  be  vastly  to  their  advantage.  The  ultimate  economy  of  educa- 
tion needs  no  argument  in  this  country.  States  are  ready  enough  to 
accept  Government  assistance  in  the  way  of  school  lands,  allowances 
for  their  agricultural  colleges,  etc.,  and  there  is  no  reason  why  they 
should  not  avail  themselves  of  the  $12.50  per  pupil  per  quarter  (average 
attendance)  offered  by  the  Government  for  the  education  of  Indians  in 
their  common  schools.  The  details  required  in  the  way  of  contracts, 
reports,  vouchers  for  pay,  etc.,  though  somewhat  numerous  and  vex- 
atious, ought  not  to  deter  a  school  district  from  trying  to  put  all  its 
youthful  Indian  x^opulation  in  school:  and  in  sparsely  settled  white 
communities,  where  Indians  are  most  likely  to  be  found,  the  amount 
allowed  by  the  Government  would  be  of  material  assistance  to  the  tax- 
payers in  the  support  of  their  school. 

i  desire  to  call  special  attention  to  the  matter,  in  the  belief  that  this 
method  of  extending  the  public  school  system  over  Indian  needs  only 
to  be  uDderstood  tobe  adopted.  What  New  York  has  done  for  years 
without  Government  aid  ought  certainly  to  be  undertaken  by  other 
States  under  present  favorable  conditions. 

APPROPRIATIONS  FOR  EDUCATION. 

For  the  first  time  in  several  years  there  is  a  falling  off  in  the  appro- 
priations for  Indian  education,  as  shown  by  the  following  table: 

Table  7. — Annual  appropriations  made  hy  the  Government  since  the  fiscal  year  1S77  for 
the  support  of  Indian  schools. 


Year. 

Appropri- 
ation. 

1877 

$20,  000 
30,000 
60,  000 

1878 

1870 

1S80 

75,  000 

ISSl 

75,  000 

1882 

135,  000 

1883 

487,  200 

1884 

675,  200 

1885 

992,  800 

Per  cent 
increase. 


50 

100 

25 

"so' 

2G0 
38 
47 


Year. 


1886. 

1887. 
1888. 

1889  . 

1890  . 
1801. 

1892  . 

1893  . 
1894, 


Appropri- 

Per 

cent 

ation. 

increase. 

$1, 100, 065 

10 

1,211,415 

10 

1,179,916 

*2.6 

1.348,015 

14 

1,304,568 

1 

1,  8t2,  770 

35 

2,291,050 

24.3 

2,315,012 

0.9 

2,  2i3,  497 

*3.5 

*  Decrease. 


696 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Last  year  tlio  amount  remaiued  about  stationary,  being  less  than  1 
per  cent  greater  tLan  the  previous  year.  The  severest  restrictiou  for  the 
current  year  is  in  the  item  for  scliool  buihlings,  only  $20,000  being 
allowed  for  the  erection  andre-iiair  of  reservation  boarding  school  build- 
ings. This  divided  among,  say,  GOO  hundred  buildings  will  uot  keep 
tliem  in  decent  repair,  uidess  wind,  fire,  flood,  time,  and  active  cliildren 
deal  more  gently  than  is  their  wont. 

Inasmuch  as  all  tlie  schools  which  were  opened  or  enlarged  during 
last  year  are  expected  to  have  a  full  complement  of  pupils  throughout 
the  whole  of  this  year,  and  as  some  new  schools  are  now  ready  to  be 
opened  this  year,  it  will  be  a  difli cult  matter  to  hold  the  ground  gained, 
and  almost  impossible  to  make  any  advance. 

Some  help  in  the  discussion  of  ways  and  means  is  found  in  the  fact 
noted  in  the  last  report,  that  the  Methodists,  Presbyterians,  Episcopa- 
lians, and  Congregationalists  had  taken  official  action  declaring  that 
they  would  cease  asking  aid  from  the  Government  in  the  support  of 
Indian  schools  carried  on  under  their  supervision.  This  has  x)artially 
gone  into  effect,  so  that  the  amount  set  apart  for  contract  schools  dur- 
ing the  current  fiscal  year  is  $512,435,  being  $20,800  less  than  last  year. 
The  following  table  shows  these  changes  in  detail: 

Table  8. — Amounts  set  apart  for  various  religious  bodies  for  Indian  education  for  each 
of  the  fiscal  years  1SS7  to  1S94,  inclusive. 


1 


Koman  Catholic 

Presbyterian 

Congregational 

Martinsbiirg,  Pa 

Alaska  Training  School. . . 

Episco])al 

Friends 

Mennonite 

Middletown,  Cal 

Unitarian 

Lutheran,  AVittenberg, 
Wis 

Methodist 

Mrs.  L.  H.  Daggett 

Miss  noward 

Appropriation  I'or  Lincoln 
Institution 

Appropriation  for  Hump- 
ton  Institute 


Total . 


$194, 

37, 

20, 

10, 

4, 

1, 

27 

"3! 

1, 

1, 


$221, 109 

30,  500 

26,  080 

7,500 

4,175 

3,090 

14,  400 

2,500 


$347,  672 
41,  825 
29,  310 
(*) 


5,400 
1,350 


33,400   33,400 
20,040   20,040 


18,  700 

23,  383 

3,125 


5,400 


4,050 
2, 725 


275 
33,  400 
20,  040 


303,  214 


529, 905 


356, 957 
47, 050 
28,  459 


24, 876 
23, 383 
4,3'% 


7,500 
9,940 


600 
33, 400 
20,  040 


562,  640 


1891. 


1892. 


$303, 349 
44,850 
27,  271 


394, 756 
44,  310 
29, 146 


$375, 845 
30, 090 
25, 736 


29,910 
24,  743 
4,375 


5,400 


9,180 
0,700 


1,000 
33, 400 
20,  040 


23,  220 

24,  743 
4,375 


10, 200 
13,  980 


2,000 
38, 400 
20, 040 


570,218     011,570 


4,860 
10,  020 
3,750 


5,400 
15, 120 


to.  480 
2,500 

33, 400 

20, 040 


533, 241 


1894. 


$378, 345 

30,  090 

6,250 


7,020 

10, 020 

3,750 


5,400 
15, 120 


3,000 
33, 400 
20,  040 


512, 435 


*T)iscontinned. 

t  This  contract  was  made  in  1802  with  the  Board  of  Homo  Missions  of  the  Methodist  Epi.scopal 
Cliurch.  As  tliat  organization  did  not  wish  to  make  any  contracts  for  1893  the  contract  was  renewed 
with  Mrs.  Daggett. 

Of  the  total,  $512,435,  the  sum  of  $177,790  is  specially  appropriated 
by  Congress  to  be  devoted  to  specified  schools. 

Another  reduction  in  ex])ense  for  the  year  has  been  made  by  dis- 
pensing with  the  services  of  the  six  district  supervisors  of  education 
and  the  special  agent  for  the  Indian  school  service.  One  general  school 
supervisor  has  been  substituted,  and  possibly  another  may  be  found 
advisable.  The  work  of  school  supervison  is  now  done  by  the  super- 
intendent of  Indian  schools,  assisted  by  the  general  supervisor,  and 
by  Indian  inspectors  and  special  agents  who  are  constantly  going  about 
among  the  reservations  and  can  give  attention  to  school  as  well  as 
agency  matters. 

In  making  my  estimates  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  Jnne  30,  1895, 
I  have  asked  only  for  such  appropriations  as  are  absolutely  required  for 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     697 

the  support  of  the  Indian  school  service.  The  aggregate  is  $2,159,000, 
and  in  my  opinion  any  reduction  in  the  amounts  asked  for  will  to  just 
that  extent  reduce  the  efficiency  of  the  service  and  retard  its  progress. 

MODIFICATION   OF   CIVIL   SERVICE  RULES. 

Under  an  Executive  order  issued  in  the  summer  of  1891,  the  opera- 
tion of  the  civil-service  law  was  extended  over  physicians,  teachers, 
matrons,  and  school  superintendents  in  the  Indian  service.  This  in- 
cludes not  only  the  superintendents  who  carry  on  schools  where  the 
Indian  agents  are  responsible  for  the  school  property  and  exi^enditures, 
but  also  bonded  superintendents — those  av4io  have  entire  responsibility, 
under  heavy  bonds,  for  everything  connected  with  their  schools,  includ- 
ing financial  management  and  property  interests.  The  proper  conduct 
of  everything  pertaining  to  the  clothing,  feeding,  housing,  and  instruct- 
ing of  from  100  to  500  girls  and  bo3^s  calls  for  very  large  executive 
ability,  business  capacity  and  experience,  and  general  knowledge  of 
affairs,  in  addition  to  the  qualifications  for  strictly  educational  work 
usually  expected  of  a  school  superintendent.  Lack  of  business  man- 
agement is  ordinarily  the  weak  point  of  bonded  sui)eriutendents  who 
fail. 

A  certification  from  the  Civil  Service  Commission  of  names  on  the 
eligible  list  gives  no  information  whatever  as  to  the  capacity  of  the 
persons  certified  for  conducting  business  affairs  and  I  question  if  any 
system  of  written  competitive  examinations  could  be  relied  upon  to 
furnish  information  of  such  a  character.  In  view  of  the  absolute  neces- 
sity that  superintendents  of  bonded  schools,  especially  the  large  non- 
reservation  schools,  should  be  men  of  unusual  force  of  character  and 
business  capacity,  and  in  view  of  the  inadequacy  of  a  civil-service  exami- 
nation to  indicate  such  qualifications,  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  good 
of  the  service  will  be  promoted  by  removing  bonded  school  superinten- 
dents from  the  operation  of  the  civil-service  law — so  that  such  superin- 
tendents may  be  selected  solely  by  reason  of  their  fitness  for  the  diffi- 
cult and  peculiar  duties  which  will  be  imposed  upon  them,  instead  of 
being  gauged  by  their  rank  in  a  jiedagogical  examination. 

SCHOOL  EXHIBIT  OF  INDIAN  BUREAU  AT  THE  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 

The  plan  outlined  in  the  last  report  for  the  exhibit  of  this  Bureau  at 
the  Columbian  Exposition  has  been  carried  out  in  most  of  its  details. 
Afterconsiderable  difficulty  in  obtaining  bids  within  the  amount  allowed 
for  the  purpose,  and  after  cutting  down  ex^^ense  in  every  possible  way, 
a  two-story  frame  building,  without  ornamentation,  and  as  inexpensive  as 
was  consistent  with  safety  of  construction,  was  erected  on  the  Exposition 
grounds  near  the  Anthropological  Building.  It  was  planned  to  accom- 
modate 30  pu])ils  and  half  a  dozen  employes.  It  has  school  room,  din- 
ing room,  kitchen,  dormitory,  sitting  rooms,  and  industrial  rooms;  is 
plainly  furnished ;  and  in  it  since  the  15th  of  May,  delegations  of  Indian 
boys  and  girls,  accompanied  by  their  instructors,  have  cooked,  eaten, 
slept,  worked,  and  recited.  They  bring  their  own  tools,  implements, 
bedding,  specimens  of  school-room  work  and  products  of  their  shops, 
and,  as  far  as  circumstances  permit,  carry  out  and  exemplify  the  routine 
and  methods  prevailing  in  their  respective  schools.  Allowing  for  the 
peculiar  surroundings,  the  aim  has  been  to  give  a  lair  representation 
on  a  small  scale  of  an  Indian  boarding  schovi     Even  its  lack  of  some 


698  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

conveniences  and  of  needed  space,  notably  in  its  school  room,  luiglit  be 
considered  an  added  realistic  touch. 

The  schools  thus  occupying  the  building  at  Chicago  are  Albu- 
querque, N.  Mex.;  Rensselaer,  Ind. ;  Lincoln  Institution,  Philadelphia; 
Lawrence,  Kans. ;  Genoa,  Nebr.;  Chilocco,  Okla.,  and  Osage,  Okla., 
\rhich  in  the  order  named  have  been  assigned  periods  varying  from 
eighteen  days  to  four  weeks.  Eensselaer  and  Lincoln  Institution  hot 
being  Government  schools,  met  their  own  expenses,  being  allowed  only 
the  use  of  the  building.  Other  such  schools  were  offered  a  similar 
opportunity,  but  felt  obliged  to  decline  it  on  account  of  the  expense. 

The  interest  manifested  in  this  exhibit  has  been  even  greater  than 
was  anticipated.  Located  as  it  is  near  the  wickiups,  teepes,  wigwams, 
and  bark  huts,  in  which  Indian  families  from  different  tribes  try  to 
reproduce  tbe  varying  i^bases  of  fast-disappearing  aboriginal  life,  and 
not  far  from  the  remains  of  prehistoric  races  shown  in  the  Anthropo- 
logical Building,  it  presents  a  most  striking  contrast.  It  sets  forth 
the  future  of  the  Indian,  as  they  set  forth  his  past.  It  shows  con- 
cretely and  uumistakably  his  readiness  and  ability  for  the  new  con- 
ditions of  civilized  life  and  American  citizenship  ux)on  which  he  is 
entering.  Indian  youth  actually  at  the  school-room  desk,  the  work 
bench,  the  kitchen  stove,  and  the  sewing  machine,  and  surrounded  by 
most  creditable  displays  of  the  products  of  their  own  handiwork,  are 
plain  facts  not  to  bo  disputed,  even  though  they  fail  to  fit  cherished 
theories  as  to  what  the  race  is  or  is  not  capable  of. 

The  brass  bands  accompanying  some  of  the  schools  have  greatly 
added  to  the  interest  of  their  respective  exhibits,  and  to  most  visitors 
the  proficiency  of  the  Indian  musicians  has  been  a  surprise. 

The  number  of  visitors  at  the  Indian  School  Buildiug  is  constantly 
increasing,  and  now  averages  over  110,000  a  week.  In  fact,  it  has 
taxed  the  capacity  of  the  small  building  by  reaching  25,000  in  a  day. 

Indian  school  work  is  still  further  ijreseuted  at  the  Exposition  by  an 
excellent  display,  literary  and  industrial,  from  the  Carlisle  School, 
which  occupies  an  alcove  among  the  other  educational  exhibits  in  the 
building  of  manufactures  and  liberal  arts.  It  easily  bears  compari- 
son with  similar  exhibits  from  other  institutions,  and  gains  only  fav- 
orable comment  from  its  visitors,  many  of  whom  may  be  considered  as 
experts  in  technical  education. 

These  two  are  the  only  exhibits  at  Chicago  for  which  this  Bureau  is 
responsible.  The  small  fund  allowed  rendered  it  impracticable  to  try 
to  branch  out  in  any  other  direction  than  educational  work.  More- 
over, as  has  already  been  said,  the  presentation  of  the  Indians  iu 
primitive  conditions  was  x^roperlj'  the  province  of  the  anthropological 
department,  and  for  this  Bureau  to  have  attempted  anything  in  that 
line  would  have  unnecessarily,  and,  therefore,  unwisely,  duplicated 
exhibits.  Over  Indians  on  the  Exposition  grounds,  other  than  those 
connet'ted  with  its  two  exhibits,  this  office  has  no  jurisdiction  whatever. 
It  has  merely  granted  permission  for  Indians  to  leave  their  reserva- 
tions and  be  inesent  at  the  Fair  upon  the  request  of  the  director  of  the 
department  of  anthropology. 

Of  course  ui)on  the  schools  represented  at  Chicago,  and  especially 
upon  the  more  than  225  pupils  making  up  the  school  delegations,  the 
Exi)()sition  has  a  most  stimulating  effect.  But  its  influence  has  been 
made  much  more  far-reaching  by  providing  that  every  Government 
school,  boarding  and  day,  should  have  an  opportunity  to  display  some 
of  its  Avoik  in  the  Chicago  building.     Each  school  has  been  asked  to 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     699 

send  a  book  containing  six  specimens  each  of  composition,  maps,  draw- 
ings, aritlimetic  x)apers,  and  kindergarten  work,  with  some  needlework, 
and  articles  made  by  boys,  each  paper  or  article  having  attached  the 
name,  age,  and  tribe  of  the  child  making  it.  This  has  aroused  enthusi- 
asm and  healthy  competition,  and  the  contributions  of  the  various 
schools  have  been  highly  creditable. 

A  delegation  of  322  boys  and  girls  from  the  Ciirlisle  School,  with  its 
band  of  31  instruments,  made  a  noticeable  feature  of  the  Columbian 
parade  in  New  York  on  the  10th  of  October,  1892,  and  won  many  flat- 
tering newspaper  notices. 

Ten  days  later  305  of  the  Carlisle  bo^^s,  including  the  band,  won 
similar  approval  for  their  part  in  the  opening  ceremonies  parade  at 
Chicago.  Divided  into  ten  platoons  of  two  ranks  each,  each  platoon 
represented  one  of  the  industries  carried  on  at  school,  the  front  rank 
bearing  the  tools  and  imi^lements  of  the  trade,  the  rear  rank  bearing 
the  manufactured  products.  An  interesting  description  of  these 
displays,  with  quotations  from  the  ne'wspapers,  are  included  in  Capt. 
Pratt's  report  herewith,  j).  448.  Capt.  Pratt  has  also  arranged  to  have 
over  500  Carlisle  pupils  spend  four  days  at  the  Fair  the  first  week  in 
October,  and  the  choir  of  80  voices  and  the  band  will  be  given  oppor- 
tunities in  the  music  halls  to  show  what  they  can  do. 

Altogether,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  Indian  pupils  throughout  the  coun- 
try have  taken  a  lively  and  intelligent  interest  in  the  celebration  of  the 
discovery  of  the  land  of  their  forefathers,  and  that  few  classes  of  people 
have  participated  in  it  to  a  larger  extent  proportionally  than  the  Indian 
race. 

INDIAN  SCHOOL  SITES. 

In  the  last  annual  report,  pp.  879-897,  there  "was  given  a  history  of 
the  lands  assigned  to  twenty-five  Indian  schools,  with  description  of 
titles.  Similar  information  in  regard  to  the  lands  of  the  schools  at  Fort 
Shaw,  in  Montana;  Fort  Sill  and  Pawnee,  in  Oklahoma  ,•  Grand  Junc- 
tion, in  Colorado,  and  Umatilla,  in  Oregon,  will  be  found  in  this  report, 
pp.  469  to  474.  As  rapidly  as  the  lands  assigned  for  the  use  of  other 
Indian  boarding  schools  are  definitely  designated  by  section,  township, 
and  range,  or  other  boundaries,  and  are  approved  by  the  Department, 
a  description  of  them  will  be  prepared  and  published  as  a  permanent 
record  for  convenient  reference. 


ALLOTMENTS. 

The  progress  made  in  allotment  work  since  the  last  annual  report  is 
as  follows : 

On  reservations. — To  the  following  Indians  the  patents  issued  last  year 
have  been  delivered : 

Clioyeniies  aud  Arapalioes  in  Oklahoma 3,294 

Citizen  PottaAvatouiies  in  Oklahoma 1/363 

Absentee  Shawuees  in  Oklahoma , 561 

Patents  have  been  issued  and  delivered  to  the  following  Indians: 

PottaTvatomies  in  Kansas 115 

Senecas  in  Indian  Territory 301 

Eastern  Sliawnees  in  Indian  Territory 48 

Sac  aud  Fox  in  Kansas  and  Nebraska 76 

Oneidas  in  Wisconsin 1,  500 


700  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Patents  have  beeu  issued,  but  not  delivered,  to  the  following  Indians: 

Sisseton  and  Walipeton   Sioux  in   North  Dakota  and  South 

Dakota 1,339 

Medawakanton,  etc.,  Sioux  ou  Devil's  Lake  Reservation,  in 
North  i^akota 776 

Tonka  was  in  Oklahoma 73 

Allotments  have  been  approved  by  this  office  and  the  Department, 
and  patents  are  now  being  i^repared  in  the  General  Land  Office  for  the 
following  Indians : 

PottaTvatomies  in  Kansas 150 

Pawnees  in  Oklahoma 820 

Umatillas,  Caynses,  and  Walla  Wallas  in  Oregon 893 

Klamath  River  Indians  in  California 161 

Schedules  of  the  following  allotments  have  been  received  in  this 
office,  but  have  not  yet  been  finally  acted  upon : 

lowas  in  Kansas  and  Nebraska 142 

Nez  Percys  in  Idaho 1,  699 

Medawakanton,  etc.,  Sioux  in  North  Dakota 356 

Indians  on  Siletz  Reservation,  in  Oregon 536 

Work  is  progressing  in  the  field  as  follows : 

Ponca  and  Otoe  reservations  in  Oklahoma. 

Warm  Springs  Reservation  in  Oregon.  On  July  15  last  the  allotting 
agent  reported  that  674  out  of  800  allotments  had  been  made. 

Yakama  Reservation  in  Washington,  nearly  completed. 

Moqui  Reservation  in  Arizona.  This  is  referred  to  more  jiarticnlarly 
on  page  93. 

Pottawatomie  and  Kickai)00  reservations  in  Kansas.  Allotment 
work  among  the  Prairie  band  of  Pottawatomies  in  Kansas  is  in  a 
rather  unsatisfactory  condition.  The  special  agent  instructed  Feb- 
niary  9,  ]891,  to  make  allotments  to  them  and  to  the  Kickapoos,  had 
succeeded  up  to  August  1,  1893,  in  making  allotments  to  only  278  out 
of  about  500  Pottawatomies.  The  delay  is  owing  to  the  opposition  of 
the  turbulent  element  of  the  band,  led  by  Wahquohboshkuck  and 
others.  Every  means  has  been  emploj^ed  to  overcome  this  opposition, 
but  so  far  it  has  been  unavailing,  and  it  is  possible  that  assignments 
of  land  will  have  to  be  made  to  those  who  persist  in  their  refusal  to 
make  selections,  such  assignments  being  authorized  by  section  two  of, 
the  general  allotment  act. 

Chippewa  reservations  in  Minnesota.  The  condition  of  allotment 
work  among  the  Chippewas  is  given  in  detail  on  page  34. 

Lower  Brule  Reservation  in  South  Dakota. 

Mission  reservations  in  California,  Allotments  have  been  com- 
pleted in  the  field  on  the  Rincon,  Potrero,  and  Pala  reservations. 
Patents  have  been  issued  for  fourteen  of  thirty-three  reservations 
selected  for  these  Indians  by  the  commission  appointed  under  the  act 
of  January  12,  1891  (26  Stats.,  712). 

Addition  to  Hoopa  Valley  Reservation  in  California. 

Authority  has  been  obtained  for  making  allotments  on  the  Rosebud 
Reservation  in  South  Dakota,  but  no  special  agent  has  yet  been 
appointed  or  designated  for  the  work. 

Instructions  were  prepared  and  submitted  to  the  Department  on  the 
22d  of  Maich  last,  for  the  guidance  of  a  special  agent  to  be  ajipointed 
to  make  allotments  to  the  Kickai)oo  Indians  in  Oklahoma,  under  the 
agreement  with  said  Indians,  ratified  by  the  act  of  March  3, 1893  (27 
Stats.,  557).  Moses  Neal,  esq.,  has  been  ai^x^ointed  to  make  the  allot- 
ments. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     701 

Surveys  are  in  progress  on  tbe  Pine  Eidge  and  Standing  Kock 
Eeservations  in  ISTortli  Dakota  and  Soutli  Dakota.  Previously  to  the 
present  year  surveys  were  recommended  to  be  made  on  the  Fort  Hall 
Reservation  in  Idaho,  the  Klamath  Reservation  in  Oregon,  and  the 
Makah  and  Quinaielt  Reservations  in  Washington.  Returns  of  the ' 
surveys  of  nine  townships  in  the  Klamath  Reservation  have  been 
received  in  the  General  Land  Office,  where  they  are  now  pending, 
awaiting-  critical  office  examination,  in  connection  with  the  report  of 
the  special  agent  who  made  an  examination  in  the  field  of  said 
surveys.  This  office  has  no  information  as  to  the  i)rogTess  of  the 
surveys  on  the  other  reservations  above  named. 

To  Nonreservation  Indians.— The  act  of  March  3,  1891  (2G  Stats.,  9S9), 
authorizes  and  directs  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  apply  the  bal- 
ance of  the  sum  carried  uj)on  the  books  of  the  Treasury  Department 
under  the  title  of  homesteads  for  Indians,  in  the  employment  of  allot- 
ting agents,  aud  payment  of  their  necessary  expenses  to  assist  Indians 
in  securing*  homes  upon  the  public  domain  under  section  4  of  the 
general  allotment  act 'of  February  8,  1887  (24  Stats.,  388). 

Michael  Piggott,  of  Illinois,  having  been  appointed  by  the  President 
as  special  allotting  agent,  was  instructed  on  August  10,  1891,  to  begin 
the  work  of  allotments  in  the  vicinity  of  Redding,  Cal.  He  made, 
before  his  resignation,  April  30,  1893,  1,14:1)  allotments  to  nonreser- 
vation Indians,  located  in  California,  Oregon,  and  Nevada,  612.  of 
which  have  been  made  since  the  publication  of  the  last  annual  report 
of  this  office.  Of  the  allotments  made  by  Agent  Piggott,  453  have 
been  considered  by  this  office,  reported  to  and  approved  by  theDei)art- 
ment.  The  remainder  (087)  will  be  reported  for  your  consideration 
and  approval  as  soon  as  certain  applications  corresponding  thereto 
shall  have  been  forwarded  to  this  office  by  the  General  Land  Office. 

Bernard  Arntzeu,  of  Illinois,  has  been  appointed  as  the  successor  of 
My.  Piggott.  He  was  instructed  July  17,  1893,  to  proceed  to  Carson 
City,  Nev.,  to  resume  the  work  begun  by  his  predecessor,  and  as  the 
field  is  large  and  the  Indians  are  anxious  for  homes,  and  willing  to 
accept  allotments  under  said  fourth  section,  good  results  are  expected 
from  his  labors. 

The  special  allotting  agent  on  duty  in  this  office  has  made,  since 
the  last  annual  report  was  published,  338  allotments  under  said  section 
four.  These  were  recently  transmitted  to  the  Department,  aud  approved 
by  the  Acting  Secretary  May  11,  1893.  There  are  now  on  file  in  this 
office  100  api)lications  for  allotments  under  said  fourth  section.  These 
will  receive  attention,  and  the  allotments,  when  completed,  will  be 
transmitted  to  the  Department. 


CONTESTS  AGAINST  INDIAN  HOMESTEADS    AND    ALLOT- 
MENTS. 

By  the  provisions  of  section  15  of  an  act  approved  March  3,  1875 
(18  Stats.,  420),  and  of  the  Indian  homestead  act  of  July  4,  1884 
(23  Stats.,  90),  together  with  the  provisions  contained  in  the  fourth 
section  of  the  general  allotment  act  approved  February  8,  1887  (24 
Stats.,  388),  as  amended  by  act  of  February  28,  1891  (27  Stats.,  794), 
nonreservation  Indians  are  afforded  ample  opportunities  and  facilities 
for  making  entries  upon  the  public  lands  with  a  view  of  obtaining  per- 
manent homes  thereon. 


702  PAPEKS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  public  domain  is  rapidly  disappearingj 
contests  against  Indian  entries  have  become  frequent.  The  endeavor 
of  this  office  to  defend  Indians  against  contests  initiated  by  whites 
and  to  save  to  them  their  liomes  has  shown  that,  in  most  cases,  the 
Indians  are  too  poor  to  defray  the  expenses  incurred  in  such  proceed- 
ings, and  are  ignorant  of  the  regulations  and  laws  governing  in  such 
matters.  This  and  the  growing  necessity  that  Indians  should  be 
located  in  i)crmanent  homes  led  the  Department  to  ask  Congress  to 
make  an  aj^propriation  of  $5,000  "to  pay  the  legal  costs  incurred  by 
Indians  in  contests  iniliated  by  or  against  them  to  any  entry,  filing, 
or  other  claims,  under  the  laws  of  Congress  relating  to  i)ublic  lands, 
for  any  sufficient  cause  afiecting  the  legality  or  validity  of  the  entry, 
filing,  or  claim." 

The  appropriation  asked  for  was  made  by  clanse  contained  in  the 
Indian  appropriation  act  approved  March  3,  1893  (27  Stats.,  612). 
It  contains  the  provision,  however,  that  the  fees  to  be  i)aid  by  and  on 
behalf  of  the  Indian  party  shall  be  one-half  of  the  fees  provided  by 
law  in  such  cases.  It  also  provides  that  "in  all  States  and  Territories 
where  there  are  reservations  or  allotted  Indians  the  United  States 
district  attorney  shall  represent  them  in  all  suits  at  law  and  in  equity." 
With  the  new  legislation  now  in  force  it  is  believed  that  this  office  Avill 
be  better  able  to  iirotect  the  interests  of  the  Indians,  and  to  secure  to 
them  the  rights  to  which  they  are  entitled  under  the  laws  of  the  United 
States. 

LEASING  INDIAN  LANDS. 

The  third  section  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved  February  28,  1891 
(20  Stats.,  794),  authorizes  the  leasing  of  both  allotted  and  unallotted 
or  tribal  Indian  lands.     Said  section  is'  as  follows : 

Skc.  3.  That  whenever  it  shall  be  made  to  appear  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
that,  bj''  reason  of  age  or  other  disability,  any  allottee  under  the  provisions  of  said 
act  or  any  other  act  or  treaty  can  not  personally  and  with  benefit  to  himself 
occiqiy  or  improve  his  allotmeut  or  anj'  part  thereof,  the  same  may  be  leased  upon 
such  terms,  regulations,  and  conditions  as  shall  be  prescribed  by  such  Secretary  for 
a  term  not  exceeding  three  years  for  farming  or  grazing  or  ten  j^ears  for  mining  pur- 
poses: Provided,  That  where  lauds  are  occupied  by  Indians  who  have  bought  and 
paid  for  the  same,  and  which  lands  are  not  needed  for  farming  and  agricultaral  ])ixr- 
poses,  and  are  not  desired  for  individual  allotments,  the  same  may  be  leased  by 
autliority  of  the  council  speaking  for  such  Indians  for  a  period  not  to  exceed  five 
years  for  grazing  or  ten  years  for  mining  purposes,  in  such  quantities  and  upon 
such  terms  and  conditions  as  the  agent  in  charge  of  such  reservation  may  recom- 
mendj  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

ALLOTTED  LANDS. 

The  policy  of  the  Government  in  the  allotment  act  and  in  the  other 
acts  and  treaties  i)roviding  for  allotments  in  severalty  was,  as  viewed 
by  this  office,  to  lead  the  Indian  into  habits  of  self-support  and  to  fit 
him  for  citizenship.  The  consensus  of  opinion  of  those  most  familiar 
with  Indian  affairs  seems  to  be  that  these  much-desired  ends  can  better 
be  accomplished  through  alhjtment  of  land  in  severalty  than  in  any 
otJier  wa5^  An  allotment  in  severalty,  however,  is  but  an  opportunity 
of  which  the  Indian  must  take  advantage.  If  he  lias  no  desire  to  better 
his  condition  at  tlie  cost  of  personal  exertion  and  through  the  means 
thus  opened  u])  to  liim  and  can  not  be  made  to  appreciate  the  benefits 
conferred  on  him,  but  little  good  will  have  been  accomphslied  by  the 
allotment.  Tlie  object  is  to  make  him  feel  a  personal  interest  in  a  par- 
ticular piece  of  land  J  to  have  hiui  learn  by  its  cultivation  with  the  labor 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     703 

of  bis  own  bands  bow  to  gain  a  better  subsistence  tban  be  bas  previously 
enjoyed,  and  at  tbe  same  time  acquire  tbe  arts  of  civiHzation  and  learn 
tbe  means  of  self-suiiport  tbereby. 

But  to  permit  tbe  indiscriminate  leasiug  of  allotted  lands  would 
defeat  tbe  x)urpose  for  wbicb  allotments  are  made;  so  tbe  law  provides 
tbat  tbe  allottee  will  not  be  permitted  to  lease  bis  lands  until  be  sball 
bave  made  it  appear  to  tbe  Secretary  of  tbe  Interior  tbat  "by  reason  of 
age  or  otber  disability"  lie  can  not.  personally,  and  witb  benefit  to  bim- 
self,  occupy  or  improve  bis  allotment.  Tbere  are  cases,  bowever,  wbere 
'•by  reason  of  age  or  otber  disability"  tbe  allottee  sbould  be  i^ermitted 
to  lease  bis  lands,  and  to  meet  tbese  exceptional  cases  tbe  provision 
antborizing  tbe  leasing  of  allotted  lands  was  enacted. 

Tbe  matter  of  leasing  allotted  lands  bas  been  placed  largely  in  tbe 
bands  of  Indian  agents  in  cbarge  of  tbe  agencies  wbere  allotments  in 
severalty  bave  been  made.  Hence,  api^lications  to  lease  allotted  lands 
sbould  be  made  direct  to  tbe  agent  in  cbarge  of  tbe  reservation  in  wbicb 
tbe  allotted  lands  are  situated.  Eacb  application  is  considered  individ- 
ually, and  it  must  be  determined  tbat  tbe  applicant  clearly  comes  witbin 
tbe  provisions  of  tbe  law  before  autbority  will  be  granted  bim  to  lease 
bis  allotment.  An  allottee  is  beld  to  be  one  wbo  bas  a  trust-patent  for 
his  lands,  or  one  wbose  allotment  bas  been  approved  by  tbe  Secretary 
of  tbe  Interior.  Agents  are  expressly  directed  tbat  it  is  not  intended 
to  autborizetbe  making  of  any  lease  by  an  allottee  Avbo  possesses  tbe 
necessary  physical  and  mental  qualifications  to  enable  bim  to  cultivate 
bis  allotment  either  personally  or  by  hired  help. 

All  leases  under  the  above  law  must  be  executed  in  triplicate  on 
blank  lorms  furnished  by  this  office,  in  the  presence  of  two  subscribing 
witnesses,  and  must  be  acknowledged  before  tbe  Indian  agent  and  ap- 
proved by  the  Secretarj"  of  tbe  Interior.  For  tbe  information  of  Indian 
agents,  this  office  has  formulated  a  set  of  rules  and  regulations  to  be 
observed  in  tbe  execution  of  leases  of  Indian  allotments,  which  were 
approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  on -February  8,  1892, 


UNALLOTTED    OR   TRIBAL   LANDS. 

It  is  to  be  observed  that  the  above  law  provides  for  leasing  tribal  or 
unallotted  lands  only  in  cases  where  the  lands  in  question  are  occupied 
by  Indians  who  have  "bought  and  paid  for  the  same."  At  tbe  request 
of  this  office  for  instructions  as  to  whether  or  not  the  Omaha  Indians 
could  lawfully  lease  their  unallotted  lands  for  grazing  purposes,  tbe 
Assistant  Attorney-General  for  the  Interior  Department  gave  an 
opinion,  dated  January  11,  1892,  which  covers  the  question  as  to  what 
Indians  can  be  held  to  bave  "bought  and  paid  for"  the  lands  which 
they  occupy.     In  tbat  opinion  he  says: 

It  is  very  clear  that  Congress  iuteuded  by  this  act  to  confer  upon  the  Indians  and 
upon  the  DepartnKuit  powers  which  they  did  not  theretofore  possess,  and  the  pro- 
visions of  this  section  are  clear  and  unambiguous.  The  parties  who  may  lease  lands 
are  Indians  who  have  "bought  and  paid  for"  the  same.  Congress  was  legislating 
with  reference  to  those  Indians  W'ho  have,  under  treaty  or  otherwise,  become  pos- 
sessors or  owners  of  certain  specific  tracts  or  bodies  of  lands  by  purchase  or  ex- 
change or  surrender  of  other  property,  in  contradistinction  to  those  Indians  who  aro 
occupying  reservations  created  by  Executive  order  or  legislative  enactment.  The 
words  "bonght  and  paid  for"  do  not,  in  my  opinion,  imply  that  the  consideration 
for  the  lands  must  have  been  cash  in  hand  paid  by  the  Indians,  but  rather  tliat  tlie 
words  were  used  in  their  ordinary  and  nsual  acceptation,  and  signify  a  purchase 
either  by  the  jiayment  of  money  or  by  exchange  of  or  surrender  of  other  property  or 
possessions. 


704  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

This  office  has  authorized  leasing  of  tribal  lands  only  in  cases  where 
the  reservation  lands  were  clearly  occupied  by  Indians  who  had 
"bought  and  paid  for  the  same,"  within  the  meaning  of  the  law  as 
above  construed. 


TAXATION  BY  LOCAL  AUTHOEITIES. 

On  property  of  licensed  traders  and  Government  employes  on  Indian 
rescrvatums. — In  a  report  of  January  30,  1893,  Samuel -L.  Patrick, 
United  States  Indian  agent,  Sac  and  Fox  Agency,  Okla.,  asked  for 
instructions  on  the  question  whether  the  Territorial  authorities  could 
come  upon  the  Sac  and  Fox  Eeservation  and  assess  and  collect  taxes 
from  licensed  traders  and  Government  employes  residing  and  doing 
business  and  emploj^ed  on  such  reservation,  stating  that  Keokuk,  who 
is  an  Indian  and  a  licensed  trader,  wished  to  know  his  status  with 
resjiect  to  that  question.  Before  answering  the  question  propounded, 
the  office  instructed  Agent  Patrick,  February  20,  1893,  to  report 
whether  taxes  had  been  assessed  and  collected,  or  attempt  made  to 
assess  and  collect  them,  on  the  property  of  the  parties  referred  to  in 
his  letter;  and,  if  so,  to  state  sj^ecifically  whose  and  what  property  on 
the  reservation  had  been  so  taxed,  etc. 

In  reply,  Mr.  Patrick  reported,  March  2,  1893,  that  the  specific  case 
of  taxation  on  the  reservation  involving  property  of  licensed  traders 
was  that  of  Keokuk,  who  was  a  licensed  trader  doing  business  on  the 
quarter  section  of  land  upon  which  the  agency  is  located;  that  his 
buildings  and  improvements  were  erected  with  funds  received  from  the 
Government  as  annuities,  surplus  laud  funds,  etc.;  that  the  township 
assessor  requested  him  to  list  his  property  on  the  reservation,  which 
he  refused  to  do  until  the  legal  status  of  the  question  was  known ;  and 
that  he  was  assessed  at  the  sum  of  $2,000,  which  included  his  build- 
ings, stock  in  trade,  and  other  property.  As  to  the  taxation  of  Gov- 
ernment employes  on  the  reservations  he  reported  that  the  agency  and 
school  employes  had  been  taxed  on  all  furniture  in  their  rooms,  bed- 
ding, ornaments,  watches,  etc. 

By  an  agreement  which  was  ratified  by  Congress  February  13,  1891 
(2G  Stat.,  749),  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians,  occupying  a  reservation  within 
the  Territory  of  Oklahoma,  agreed  to  take  allotments  in  severalty,  and 
to  cede  the  surplus  lands  of  their  reservation  to  the  United  States, 
reserving,  however,  G40  acres  for  school  and  school  farm,  and  100  acres 
for  Government  agency  purposes.  The  040  acres  reserved  for  school 
and  school  farm  are  located  in  sections  15,  IG,  and  22,  and  are  contiguous 
to  the  quarter  section  reserved  for  agency  purposes,  which  is  the  SE.  ^ 
of  see.  21,  T.  14  IS".,  E.  G  E.,  a  tract  reserved  by  the  following  language, 
which  appears  in  article  1  of  the  agreement  above  referred  to,  viz : 

rrovidcd,  Iwwerer,  That  tlie  quarter  section  of  land  on  wliicli  is  now  located  the 
Sac  and  Fox  Agency  shall  not  pass  to  the  United  States  bytliis  cession,  conveyance, 
transfer,  surrender,  and  relinquishment,  but  shall  remain  the  property  of  said  Sac 
and  Fox  Nation  to  the  full  extent  that  it  is  now  the  property  of  said  nation,  subject 
only  to  the  rights  of  the  United  States  therein  by  reason  of  said  agency  being  located 
tliereon,  and  subject  to  the  rights,  legal  and  equitable,  of  those  persons  that  are  now 
ocated  thereon. 

This  quarter  section,  therefore,  remained  after  the  agreement  in  the 
same  status  it  formerly  occupied;  that  is,  it  remained  an  Indian  reserva- 
tion. 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     705 

The  question  submitted  by  Agent  Patrick,  tlien,  had  a  more  impor- 
tant and  far-reaching  significance  than  simply  the  taxing  by  the  author- 
ities of  Oklahoma,  of  Keokuk's  stock  of  goods  and  buildings  located 
upon  this  tract,  and  of  the  watches,  beds,  and  other  personal  effects 
held  thereon  by  the  school  and  agency  employes  stationed  there  by  the 
Government.  It  involved  the  right  of  local  authorities  to  enter  upon 
Indian  reservations  and  lay  a  tax  on  a  means  or  instrumentality  used 
by  the  United  States  in  the  performance  of  a  duty  belonging  to  the 
Government.  I  believe  no  question  Tvould  be  raised  as  to  agency  and 
school  employes  stationed  on  an  Indian  reservation  being  a  part  of  the 
means  or  instrumentality  used  by  the  Government  in  the  administra- 
tion of  Indian  affairs.  So,  likewise,  is  the  licensed  Indian  trader  a 
means  or  instrumentality  adopted  by  the  Government  to  control  the 
trade  and  intercourse  of  the  whites  with  the  Indian  tribes.  Through 
these  means  also  the  Indians  are  i)rotected  so  far  as  the  situation  will 
admit  against  traffic  in  intoxicating  liquor,  and  against  having  to  pay 
exorbitant  prices  for  necessary  purchases. 

In  view  of  its  importance,  as  involving  a  principle  affecting  every 
employe  of  the  Indian  service  and  licensed  traders  stationed  and  doing 
business  on  reservations  not  excepted  from  the  jurisdiction  of  the  State 
or  Territory  in  which  they  aie  located,  the  question  propounded  by 
Agent  Patrick  was  submitted  for  the  consideration  of  the  Department 
in  a  report  of  A^^ril  25,  1893,  by  this  office.  In  its  reply  of  May  5, 
1893,  the  Department  transmitted  the  following  opinion  of  the  Assistant 
Attorney-General  for  the  Interior  Department,  in  which  it  occurred : 

They  [the  authorities  of  Oklahoma]  acqtiired  no  right  to  assess  or  tax  the  prop- 
erty ou  the  agency  reservation  under  the  organic  act,  because  to  do  so  would  impose 
a  duty  upon  the  person  and  a  burden  upon  the  property  rights  of  the  Indians,  and 
as  the  said  authorities  are  without  powers  outside  of  said  act,  it  is  my  opinion  that 
the  question  of  the  Commissioner  must  be  answered  in  the  negative. 

May  10,  1893,  this  office  instructed  Agent  Patrick  agreeably  with 
this  opinion. 

On  improvements  and  oilier  property  of  Indian  allottees. — In  his  report 
relative  to  the  question  of  taxation  of  the  property  of  Keokuk  and 
Government  emidoyes  above  discussed.  Agent  Patrick  also  stated  that 
the  Indians  under  his  agency  who  had  been  allotted  land  had  been 
"assessed  on  all  personal  proiierty  in  their  possession,  including  build- 
ings, fences,  plowed  grounds,  wells,"  etc.  Lie  stated  further  that  this 
mode  of  assessing  and  taxing  Indians  had  prevented  them  from  mak- 
ing improvements,  had  caused  many  to  scatter  and  leave  the  reserva- 
tions, had  prevented  others  that  were  away  from  returning,  and  had 
generally  demoralized  them;  also,  that  the  excessive  valuation  put 
upon  property,  and  the  rate  of  taxation,  nearly  5  per  cent,  was  a  bad 
feature  in  the  case  and  discouraging  to  the  Indians. 

With  respect  to  this  question  Agent  Patrick  was  instructed  by  this 
office  April  20,  1893,  that  improvements  of  a  iiermanent  character  made 
on  allotments  such  as  houses,  fences,  broken  ground,  etc.,  are  a  part  of 
the  realty;  that  while  the  allotments  made  to  the  Indians  of  his  agency 
were  so  made  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  agreements  with  the 
various  tribes,  they  are  held  in  trust  by  the  United  States  for  the  use 
and  benefit  of  the  allottees  for  the  period  of  twenty-five  years,  at  the 
expiration  of  which  period  they  are  to  be  iiatcnted  in  fee  to  them  dis- 
charged of  the  trust  and  free  of  all  charges  or  incumbrances  whatso- 
ever. He  was  notified  that  in  an  opinion  by  the  Attorney-General, 
Ab.  93 45 


706  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

dated  July  27,  1888  (19  Opinions,  161),  it  was  held  that  lands  allotted 
to  Indians  under  various  acts  of  Congress — 

are  exempt  from  State  or  Territorial  taxation  Tipon  the  ground  above  stated  with 
reference  to  the  act  of  1884,  namely,  that  tlie  lands  covered  by  the  act  are  held  by 
the  Ignited  States  for  the  period  of  twcuty-five  years  in  trust  for  the  Indians,  such 
trust  beiug  an  agency  ibr  the  exercise  of  a  Federal  power,  and  therefore  outside  the 
province  of  State  or  Territorial  authority ; 

and  that  as  improvements  of  a  permanent  character  made  on  the  allot- 
ments are  a  part  of  the  lands  it  would  follow  under  the  Attorney-Gen- 
eral's opinion  that  they  are  not  taxable  by  the  authorities  of  the  Terri- 
tory of  Oklahoma. 

With  regard  to  the  taxing  of  i)ersonal  property  of  Indian  allottees, 
such  as  stock,  household  furniture,  and  the  like,  by  local  authorities, 
respecting  which  the  office  has  received  numerous  inquiries  from  all 
parts  of  the  country,  it  has  been  uniformly  held,  and  the  office  lias  so 
advised  its  correspondents,  that  however  it  might  be  as  to  the  right  of 
a  State  or  Territory  to  assess  or  tax  personal  property  of  Indian  allot- 
tees, acquired  by  purchase  or  inheritance,  whatever  articles  may  be 
issued  to  them  by  the  Government  are  exempt  from  taxation,  and  in 
case  of  horses  or  cattle,  such  ruling  applies  also  to  their  increase. 

GASH  PAYMENTS  TO  INDIAl^S. 

Dnring  last  year  over  $3,000,000  was  paid  in  cash  to  Indians  other 
than  the  Five  Civilized  Tribes  in  fulfillment  of  treaty  stipulations,  as 
interest  on  funds  held  in  trust  for  them  on  account  of  lands  relinquished 
to  tlie  Government  and  for  other  debts  due  them  by  the  Government, 
for  labor  performed  and  supplies  furnished  by  them,  etc.,  as  follows: 

Fulfilling  treaties,  interest,  etc $2,  096,  064 

For  services  and  for  articles  purchased  from  Indians 975, 147 

Total 3,071,211 

So  far  as  this  office  has  learned  all  the  per  capita  payments  were 
made  in  a  satisfactory  manner,  except  that  some  complaint  has  been 
received  in  regard  to  deduction  of  fees  by  an  attorney,  who  it  appears 
claims  to  have  contracts  with  the  Indians,  which  they  are  inclined 
to  repudiate.  This  matter  is  now  under  investigation.  The  above 
$2,096,064  includes  $30,000  paid  to  the  Santee  Sioux,  which  is  referred 
to  more  particularly  on  page  95. 

The  $975,147  paid  to  the  Indians  for  services  and  supx)lies  was  earned 
by  them  in  the  following  manner: 

Kegular  Indian  employds  at  agencies $108,  700 

Regular  Indian  employ(^s  at  schools 91,  691 

Irregular  Indian  employ t^s  at  agencies 55, 500 

Irregular  Indian  employds  at  schools 37,  956 

Additioiial  iarmers 13,  700 

Interpreters 17,  700 

Police 115,  500 

Judges  of  Indian  courts 12,  300 

Hauling  supplies 105,800 

Produce,  hay,  and  other  supplies  purchased  from  Indians 266,  300 

Cutting  and  banking  logs  about 150,  000 

Total 975,147 

This  sum  stands  for  no  small  amount  of  labor  on  the  part  of  the  Indians, 
and  is,  of  course,  of  vastly  greater  benefit  to  the  recipients  than  would 
beanuich  larger  sum  paid  to  them  without  exacting  any  labor  equivalent. 


REPORT   OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR.  707 

FIELD  MATEONS. 

The  first  recognition  by  Congress  of  tlie  need  and  propriety  of  having 
persons  paid  by  tlie  Government  to  instruct  Indians  in  civilized  pur- 
suits is  contained  in  the  act  of  March  3,  1819.  It  appropriates  $10,000 
for  the  purpose  and  authorizes  the  President  of  the  United  States — 

In  every  case  Avhere  he  shall  judge  improvemeut  iu  the  habits  and  condition  of 
such  Indians  practicable  and  that  the  means  of  instruction  can  be  introduced  with 
their  oAvn  consent  to  employ  capable  persons  of  good  moral  character  to  instruct  them 
in  the  modes  of  agriculture  suited  to  their  situations ;  and  for  teaching  their  children 
in  reading,  Avriting,  and  arithmetic,  and  performing  such  other  duties  as  may  bo 
enjoined,  according  to  such  rules  and  instructions  as  the  President  may  give  and  pre- 
scribe for  the  regulation  of  their  conduct  in  the  discharge  of  their  duties. 

Subsequently  many  of  the  treaties  with  Indian  tribes  contained 
special  provisions  for  the  employment  not  only  of  farmers  but  also  of 
blacksmiths,  carpenters,  millers,  and  other  mechanics,  who  should  both 
furnish  Indian  tribes  the  services  needed  iu  their  respective  lines, 
and  also  instruct  Indian  men  to  do  such  work  for  themselves.  It  was 
readily  recognized  that  an  Indian  man  could  not  be  expected  to  plow 
a  furrow,  put  up  a  house,  shoe  a  horse,  or  manage  a  sawmill  without 
continued  and  careful  instruction.  The  Indian  woman,  however,  was 
left  to  work  out  as  best  she  could  the  problem  of  exchanging  a  tepee  or 
wigwam  for  a  neat,  comfortable,  and  well-ordered  home  according  to 
civilized  standards.  Even  without  a  teacher  the  Indian  man  could 
learn  much  of  farming,  for  instance,  by  watching  his  white  neighbor; 
but  the  Indian  woman  had  little  chance  to  observe  the  methods  of  the 
housekeeper  near  her. 

The  result  naturally  was  that  into  the  one-roomed  log  houses  were 
taken  the  habits  of  out-of-door  life — irregular  meals,  rarely  washed  cook- 
ing utensils  and  clothes,  an  assortment  of  dogs,  a  general  distribution 
among  corners  and  on  the  floors  of  bedding  and  i)ersonal  belongings,  and 
a  readiness  to  consider  the  floor  a  not  inconvenient  substitute  for  bed- 
steads, tables,  and  chairs.  Open  fires  and  ventilation  gave  place  to  the 
vitiated  atmosi)here  of  a  close  room  overheated  by  a  box  stove.  The 
occasional  cleaning  of  house  and  grounds,  which  was  previously  effected 
by  the  removal  of  the  house  itself  to  another  spot,  being  no  longer  prac- 
ticable, accumulations  of  refuse  gathered  both  inside  and  out.  Dirt, 
disease,  and  degradation  were  the  natural  consequences.  It  is  no  won- 
der that  Indians  sometimes  fail  to  take  kindly  to  civilization  i^resented 
in  such  guise,  especially  if,  as  is  often  the  case,  the  floors  are  earth  and 
the  dirt  roof  leaks;  nor  that  the  "retmrned  students"  recoil  from  the 
squalid  home,  deprived  of  the  freedom,  tttscination,  and  quasi  dignity 
of  a  roving  life. 

The  Indian  woman  has  the  conservatism  and  the  subservience  to 
custom  of  her  sex.  She  also  has  the  readiness  to  sacrifice  her  own  feel- 
ings for  the  sake  of  her  children,  and  wiU  do  whatever  she  realizes  to 
be  for  their  good.  Her  fingers  are  deft  with  the  needle,  and  she  will 
dress  her  children  like  those  of  her  white  neighbor  if  she  knows  how. 
She  wants  to  give  them  the  best  of  care  in  youth  and  in  illness  if  some 
one  will  only  show  her  what  is  best  and  help  her  to  it;  but  she  is  bound 
and  thwarted  bj^  ignorance,  poverty,  and  long-established  tribal  custom. 

Of  course  in  all  Indian  boarding  schools  girls  are  instructed  in  the 
various  branches  of  housekeeping;  but  unless  a  comi)aratively  large 
number  from  one  locality  remain  in  school  for  a  considerable  number  of 
years  it  is  unreasonable  to  expect,  though  it  is  often  demanded,  that  on 
their  return  they  shall  si)eedily  and  unaided  reform  the  home  life  of  their 


708  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

families  and  even  tlieir  neighborhoods.  Moreover,  a  large  school  has 
routine  arrangements;  subdivision  of  labor  is  closely  marked  out,  daily 
tasks  are  regularly  assigned,  and  what  is  needful  for  the  work  is  sup- 
plied to  the  worker.  At-  home,  school  training  and  habits  must  be 
adapted  to  the  varying  conditions  and  emergencies  of  housekeeping, 
where  food  sui^plies  are  scanty  and  irregular,  ordinary  household  appli- 
ances are  wanting,  and  even  the  w^ater  may  be  poor  in  quality  and 
lacking  in  quantity.  The  courage,  industry,  ingenuity,  economy, 
l)atience,  and  perseverance  which  the  situation  calls  for  ought  not  to  be 
expected  of  a  girl  who  has  spent  only  some  three  to  six  of  her  sixteen 
to  eighteen  years  among  civilized  surroundings.  Indian  girls  do  some- 
times fail,  and  white  girls  would  be  expected  to  fail,  under  such  circum- 
stances. 

The  need  of  outside  help  at  just  this  point  has  long  been  recognized 
by  missionary  societies,  and  no  small  proi^ortion  of  the  neat  and  well- 
ordered  homes  which  are  found  among  Indians  are  due  to  the  labors  in 
this  direction  put  forth  by  devoted  missionaries  of  all  denominations 
residing  upon  the  reservations. 

With  the  exception  of  an  item  in  the  Sioux  treaty  of  1868,  which  pro- 
vided $500  annually  for  a  matron,  and  one  in  the  Chippewa  treaty  of 
1805,  which  gave  $1,000  annually  to  pay  for  the  "  teaching  of  Indian 
girls  in  domestic  economy,"  the  Government  made  no  provision  for 
this  sort  of  work  until  upon  the  urgent  request  of  this  office  and  the  peti- 
tions  of  j)hilanthropists.  Congress  made  the  following  appropriation 
in  the  Indian  appropriation  act  of  March  3,  1891 : 

To  eu able  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  A  ft'aix's  to  employ  suitable  persons  as  matrons 
to  teach  Indian  girls  in  housekeeping  and  other  liousehold  duties  at  a  rate  not 
exceeding  $60  per  month,  $2^500. 

For  last  year,  and  for  the  current  fiscal  year,  the  appropriation  was 
increased  to  $5,000.  This 'will  keep  only  seven  matrons  at  work;  but 
small  as  is  the  field  which  they  can  cover,  and  intangible  as  are  many 
of  its  results,  their  work  is  of  great  value  in  hastening  Indian  civiliza- 
tion and  putting  it  upon  the  riglit  basis,  which  is  the  home  basis. 

During  the  three  years  of  their  employment,  field  matrons  have  been 
assigned  to  the  following  tribes:  Yakamas,  Cheyeunes,  and  Arapahoes, 
Mission  Indians,  Poncas  in  Nebraska,  Mexican  Kickapoos,  Sioux, 
Navajoes,  and  Moquis,  the  aim  being  to  place  them  mainly  among 
tribes  who  have  received  or  are  about  to  receive  allotments,  and  who 
are  endeavoring  to  adopt  new  modes  of  living. 

Their  duties  were  detailed  in  the  last  report  and  cover  everything 
connected  with  domestic  work,  sewing,  care  of  children,  nursing  the 
sick,  improvement  of  house  and  premises,  organizing  of  societies  for 
mental,  moral,  and  social  advancement  of  old  and  young,  and  in  fact 
anything  which  women  of  good  judgment,  quick  sympathies,  fertility 
of  resource,  large  practical  experience,  abundant  energy  and  sound 
health  can  find  to  do  among  an  ignorant,  superstitious,  poor,  and  con- 
fiding people.  Kindly  house  to  house  visitation,  with  practical  lessons 
then  and  there  of  how  to  do  what  needs  to  be  done,  is  the  method 
employed,  coupled  with  much  hospitality  and  frequent  gatherings  in 
the  home  of  the  field  matron,  which  home  serves  always  as  an  object 
lesson,  and  often  as  a  refuge. 

Perhaps  to  no  one  more  than  the  much  talked  of  <' returned  student" 
does  the  field  matron  come  with  needed  help  just  when  the  downpull 
of  the  camp  is  struggling  with  the  memory  of  elevating  school  influ- 
ences. Her  neat  home,  her  moral  encouragement,  her  mental  stimulus, 
may  come  in  at  just  the  critical  point  to  prevent  "  relapsing,"  which 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     709 

usually  comes  from  disliearteument.  From  a  financial  standpoint  the 
"  saving  "  in  tliis  way  of  only  one  or  two  students  in  a  year  would  cover 
the  cost  of  tlie  matrons'  salary  if  the  expense  of  education  is  looked 
upon  merely  as  a  money  investment. 

I  am  so  convinced  of  the  valuable,  though,  as  I  have  said,  the  often 
intangible,  results  of  the  work  of  a  faithful  field  matron  that  I  heartily 
recommend  the  renewal  of  the  apiiropriation  for  such  service. 

Of  course  from  a  salary  of  $G0  per  month  a  matron  can  not  provide 
herself  with  the  needed  small  house  for  headquarters,  a  horse  to  enable 
her  to  visit  distant  families  or  camps,  food  and  medicine  for  the  sick, 
sewiug  materials  of  all  sorts,  and  household  appliances  to  be  distrib- 
uted in  destitute  homes.  In  some  cases  these  are  furnished  from 
agency  supplies,  but  more  often  they  have  been  provided  by  private 
charity  whose  interest  has  been  quickly  enlisted  in  this  practical  method 
of  elevating  the  condition  of  Indian  women. 

SALE  OF  LIQUOR  TO  INDIANS. 

Perhaps  the  most  serious  difticulty  arising  out  of  whisky  drinking  by 
Indians  which  has  been  brought  to  the  notice  of  this  office  during  the 
year,  is  the  accidental  shooting  of  an  Indian  by  the  physician  and 
overseer  in  charge  of  the  subagency  on  the  Leech  Lake  Eeservation 
attached  to  the  White  Earth  Agency,  Minn.  The  correspondence  shows 
that  after  a  per  capita  payment  had  been  made  to  the  Indians  last  May, 
they  obtained  a  large  quantity  of  alcohol  and  whisky  and  assembled  at 
a  remote  i)oint  on  the  reservation  where  they  remained  for  several  days 
drinking  and  carousing.  Dr.  Walker,  the  physician,  havingbeen  advised 
that  a  new  supply  of  whisky  was  to  be  brought  on  the  reservation, 
intercepted  an  Indian  who  had  in  his  possession  a  valise  which  the 
doctor  believed  to  contain  whisky  in  bottles.  As  the  Indian  assumed 
a  threatening  manner,  the  doctor  drew  his  revolver  hoping  thus  to 
intimidate  him,  and  the  doctor  says  that  the  weapon  was  accidentally 
discharged  inflicting  a  slight  flesh  wound  in  the  face  of  the  Indian. 
The  shooting  so  incensed  the  Indians  that  it  was  found  necessary  to 
send  troops  to  the  reservation  to  prevent  them  from  killing  Dr.  Walker 
and  destroying  Government  property,  and  Dr.  Walker  was  placed 
under  arrest  by  the  United  States  marshal.  From  last  reports,  which 
were  received  through  military  channels,  it  seems  that  the  Indians  are 
now  quiet  and  no  further  trouble  is  anticipated. 

Much  trouble  has  arisen  at  reservations  in  the  vicinity  of  military 
posts,  where  enlisted  Indians  are  stationed,  by  the  sale  of  liquor  to  the 
Indian  soldiers,  who,  in  turn,  furnish  it  to  the  Indians  of  the  reserva- 
tion. The  following  instructions  in  regard  to  the  responsibility  of  an 
agent  for  Indian  soldiers  enlisted  from  tribes  under  his  jurisdiction  was 
addressed  October  15, 1892,  to  Hal.  J.  Cole,  United  States  Indian  agent 
for  the  Colville  Agency  in  Washington,  in  reply  to  his  report  of  Sep- 
tember 2,  1892,  in  regard  to  the  sale  of  liquor  to  Indian  soldiers  by  a 
man  named  Fox : 

In  reply  I  have  to  say  that  this  office  believes  that  the  United  States  is  not  relieved 
from  the  responsibility  assnmod  by  it  for  the  protection  of  Indians  af^ainst  influences 
calculated  to  degrade  them  morally  and  prevent  tliem  from  advancing  in  the  knowl- 
edge and  customs  of  civilization  by  the  mere  fact  of  their  having  been  enlisted  in 
the  armies  of  the  Government.  They  are  still  wards  m  a  sense,  and  shoald  be  made 
subject  to  the  laws  enacted  for  the  benefit  and  protection  of  Indians,  where  they  can 
without  interference  with  their  duties  as  soldiers. 

I  am  not  prepared  to  admit,  and  do  not  think  it  would  be  seriously  claimed,  that 
the  enlistment  of  Indians  from  any  reservation  operates  as  a  sejiaration  from  the 


710  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

tribe  to  wMcli  tliey  belong,  -within  the  meaning  of  the  act  of  February  8, 1887  (24 
Stats.,  388),  so  as  to  constitute  them  citizens  of  the  United  States  and  free  from  the 
restrictions  phiced  by  law  upon  the  dealings  of  \\'hites  and  others  with  them.  It  is 
not  necessai-y,  to  bring  the  selling  of -whiskv  to  an  Indian  within  section  2139  of  the 
Eevised  Statutes,  as  amended  by  the  act  of  July  23,  1892  (27  Stats.,  260),  that  the 
Indian  to  whom  the  whisky  is  sold  was  at  the  time  living  on  the  reservation  with 
his  tribe,  under  the  charge  of  an  agent.  For  when  a  "tribe  of  Indians  is  placed 
under  the  charge  of  an  Indian  agent,  by  treatj^  or  otherwise,  each  member  of  such 
tribe  is  under  the  charge  of  such  agent,  within  the  purview  of  section  2139  of  the 
Kevisod  Statutes,  and  no  member  thereof  can  dissolve  his  tribal  relation  or  escape 
from  such  charge  by  absenting  himself  from  such  reservation,  or  otherwise,  without 
the  consent  of  the  United  States"  (see  United  States  r.  Earl,  17  Fed.  Eep.,  p.  75). 
This  doctrine  was  reaffirmed  on  September  13,  1892,  by  the  United  States  district 
court  of  California,  Judge  Morrow  presiding,  in  the  case  of  the  United  States  r. 
Bernhart. 

You  will  therefore  confer  with  the  United  States  district  attorney  for  the  district 
of  Washington,  with  a  view  to  having  indictments  brought  against  Mr.  Fox  for  the 
sale  of  whisky  to  the  Indian  soldiers,  if  after  canvassing  the  question  he  shall  deem 
his  conviction  possible. 

Agent  Cole  afterward  reported  that  Mr.  Fox  liad  been  arrested  and 
that  the  United  States  jnry  had  indicted  him  on  three  charges.  June 
13,  1893,  the  Attorney-General  transmitted  for  the  information  of  this 
Department  a  copy  of  a  letter  from  the  United  States  district  attor- 
ney for  the  district  of  Washington,  from  which  it  appears  that  the  man 
Fox  was  accpiitted  by  the  jury  of  the  charge  of  selling  whisky  to  the 
Indian  soldiers.  At  the  same  time  the  com^t,  Judge  Hanford  presid- 
ing, decided  "that  Indians  enlisted  in  the  Army  are  still  under  the 
charge  of  an  Indian  Agent,  within  the  meaning  of  section  2139  Eevised 
Statutes,  and  that  it  is  unlawful  to  dispose  of  spirituous  liquors  to  them." 
If  this  doctrine  were  adhered  to  and  generally  enforced  by  the  courts, 
I  believe  it  would  result  in  lasting  benefit  to  the  enlisted  Lidians,  and 
the  military  service  of  which  they  form  a  part,  as  well  as  to  the  Indian 
service  generally. 

]Meautime  it  appears  that  officers  of  the  Army  commanding  military 
posts  where  Indian  soldiers  were  stationed  have  been  greatly  embar- 
rassed by  the  excessive  drinking  of  the  enlisted  Indians,  who,  being 
refused  liquor  at  the  post  canteens,  were  able  to  get  all  the  whisky 
they  could  pay  for  from  saloons  which  seem  always  to  exist  near 
army  posts.  Lieut.  J.  0.  Byron,  commanding  Troop  L  Third  Cavalry, 
stationed  at  Fort  Meade,  S.  Dak.,  found  the  evil  so  threatening  to  the 
welfare  of  the  military  service,  as  well  as  to  the  Indians,  that  he 
requested  the  authorities  of  the  War  Department  to  consider  the  plan 
of  appointing  him  or  causing  him  to  be  appointed  a  special  agent  in 
charge  of  tlie  Indians  at  Fort  Meade  in  order  that  he  might,  to  some 
extent,  at  least,  control  the  sale  of  liquor  to  them.  This  communica- 
tion liaving  been  referred  to  this  office  through  the  Department  for 
report,  I  replied  under  date  of  April  25,  1893,  taking  the  position  that 
Indian  soldiers  are  already  under  the  charge  of  an  agent  within  the 
meaning  of  the  law,  and  that  were  there  authority  of  law  for  Lieut. 
Byron's  appointment  as  special  agent  in  charge  of  them  it  would 
not  be  necessary  in  order  to  punish  persons  for  selling  them  liquor.  I 
also  referred  to  the  indictment  of  Mr.  Fox,  and  expressed  the  hope 
'  that  the  question  as  to  the  status  of  Indian  soldiers  with  relation  to 
section  2139  of  the  Eevised  Statutes  as  amended  by  the  act  of  July 
23,  1892  (27  Stats.,  2G0),  would,  in  the  disposition  of  the  cases,  be 
authoritatively  settled  by  the  courts. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     711 

EXHIBITION  OF  INDIANS. 

April  12,  1893,  the  Department  granted  authority  for  Messrs.  Cody 
and  Salsbnry  to  take  100  Indians  for  exhibition  purposes  at  Chicago 
during  the  Worki's  Cohimbian  Exposition  upon  tlie  understanding 
that  said  Cody  and  Salsbviry  are  to  i)ay  the  Indians  for  their  services 
a  fair  compensation,  to  furnish  them  pror)er  food  and  clothing,  to  pay 
their  traveling  and  needful  incidental  expenses  from  the  date  of  leaving 
the  agencies  until  their  return  thereto,  to  protect  them  from  all  immoral 
influences  and  surroundings,  to  provide  all  needful  medical  attendance 
and  medicine,  to  do  everything  that  may  be  requisite  for  their  health, 
comfort,  and  welfare,  and  to  return  the  Indians  to  their  reservations 
within  the  time  specified  by  the  Interior  Department  without  charge  or 
cost  to  them.  For  the  fiiithful  performance  of  their  several  agreements 
with  the  individual  Indians  Messrs.  Cody  and  Salsbnry  were  required 
to  furnish  a  bond  in  the  penal  sum  of  $10,000. 

Ax)ril  21,  1893,  the  Department  granted  authority  for  George  W. 
Lillie,  "Pawnee  Bill,"  to  take  Indians  for  his  show  upon  the  same  terms 
and  conditions  as  recited  above,  the  amount  of  his  bond  being  fixed  at 
$5,000.  The  bond  has  been  received  in  this  office,  but  no  agreements 
with  the  individual  Indians  have  been  submitted  by  him  as  required. 


INDIAN  DEPEEDATION  CLAIMS. 

The  act  of  March  3,  1891  (2G  Stats.,  851),  provided  that  the  exami- 
nation and  investigation,  by  the  Interior  Department,  of  Indian  depre- 
dation claims  should  cease  from  that  date,  and  conferred  upon  the 
Court  of  Claims  jurisdiction  and  power  to  inquire  into  and  finally 
adjudicate,  (1)  such  claims  as  were  in  favor  of  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  and  (2)  all  claims  which  had  been  examined  and  allowed,  or 
were  authorized  to  be  examined,  by  the  Interior  Department.  It 
reserved  the  unexpended  balance  of  the  appropriation,  "  Investigating 
Indian  depredation  claims,"  for  the  payment  of  persons  employed  to 
make  the  transfer  of  claims  and  business  to  the  court  with  a  record 
of  the  same,  and  for  the  proper  care  and  custody  of  the  papers  and 
records  remaining  in  this  Bureau.  It  also  provided  that  these  claims 
should  be  presented  to  the  Court  of  Claims  by  petition  within  three 
years  after  the  act  was  approved  or  be  thereafter  forever  barred. 

Up  to  March  3,  1891,  there  had  been  filed  in  this  office  7,973  claims 
arising  from  Indian  depredations.  Pursuant  to  the  act  of  March  3, 
1885  (23  Stats.,  3  76),  1,454  of  these  claims  had  been  presented  to  Con- 
gress, leaving  0,519  in  the  files,  to  which  have  since  been  added  25  new 
claims,  making  in  all  6,202  claims  transferable  to  the  Court  of  Claims, 
or  a  total  of  7,998  claims  on  record. 

Tlie  work  devolving  upon  the  Depredation  Division  since  March  3, 
1891,  has  been  twofold;  answering  miscellaneous  correspondence  per- 
taining to  Indian  depredations,  and  transmitting  the  papers  in  dejire- 
dation  claims,  with  reports  thereon,  to  the  Court  of  Claims.  Under 
the  first  head,  904  letters  have  been  sent  out  in  answering  inquiries  of 
claimants,  attorneys,  and  other  interested  parties.  Under  the  second 
head,  393  communications  from  the  Court  of  Claims,  inclosing  3,959 
calls  for  papers  and  information,  have  been  received;  in  compliance 
with  which  the  papers  in  2,084  claims  have  been  furnished  to  the  court, 


712 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


the  papers  in  746  claims  satisfactorily  accounted  for,  and  miscellaneous 
inforiuation  given  relating  to  529  claims. 

The  following  table  gives,  for  the  period  from  March  3,  1891,  to  Sep- 
tember 1, 1893,  tlie  number  of  claims  transmitted  to  the  Court  of  Claims; 
the  disposition  previously  made  of  the  original  papers  in  other  claims 
called  for;  a  summary  of  all  claims  filed  and  disposed  of;  and  tlie  vol- 
ume of  correspondence  had  in  regard  to  the  same: 

Table  0. — '^hon-'nig  numher  and  (lisposilion  of  deprcdaiion  claims,  and  volume  of  corre- 
spondence relating  thereto,  from  1S91  to  1803. 


Claims  transruitted  to  Court  of  Claims 

Claims  reported  to  the  court  as  having  been  previously  traus- 
uiitted — 

To  Congress 

To  claimants  and  attorneys 

To  Indian  agents 

To  Second  Auditor 

To  members  of  Congress 

To  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs 

Claims  reported  upon  to  tlie  court  in  previous  year 

Claims  on  file  not  reported  upon 

New  claims  filed 


Total  number  of  claims  on  record. 


Communications  sent  in  response  to  calls  of  Court  of  Claims  for  mis- 
cellaneous information 

Letters  sent  to  claimants,  attorneys,  and  others 


1,381 


404 

11 

26 

2 

3 

2 


214 

686 


1892. 


1,065 


154 
5 
14 


2 

4 

1,829 

4,920 

3 


7,993       7,996 


238 


91 

4 

17 

3 

3 

1 

3,073 

4,566 

2 


7,! 


Total. 


186 
121 


129 
97 


2,684 


649 

20 

57 

5 

8 

7 

3,430 

4,568 

25 


529 
904 


It  will  appear  from  the  foregoing  table  that  the  work  of  transferring 
the  papers  in  Indian  depredation  cases  to  the  Court  of  Claims  is  rapidly 
drawing  to  a  close.  On  April  24  last,  I  had  the  honor  to  recommend 
that  the  resignation  of  the  chief  of  the  depredation  division  be  accepted, 
that  that  division  be  abolished,  and  that  the  papers  and  records  thereof 
be  attached  to  the  land  division  of  this  Bureau.  This  change,  which 
effected  a  saving  of  82,000  per  annum — the  chief's  salary — was  author- 
ized by  Department  order  of  April  26.  There  now  remains  but  one 
clerk  upon  this  work  in  this  office,  and  one  detailed  for  duty  in  the 
ofiQce  of  the  clerk  of  the  Court  of  Claims,  each  receiving  $1,200  per 
annum.  The  balance  now  on  hand  of  the  appropriation  from  which 
these  two  clerks  are  paid  amounts  to  $17,884.80. 

The  detail  of  a  clerk  to  the  Court  of  Claims  was  made  at  the  request 
of  the  honorable  chief  justice  of  that  court,  who  asked  for  the  serv- 
ices of  one  fiimiliar  with  the  papers  in  Indian  depredation  cases  "until 
the  papers  can  be  properly  arranged  and  permanent  provision  made 
for  their  care  and  custody."  Inasmuch  as  March  3,  1894,  is  the  limit 
by  law  beyond  which  attorneys  can  not  file  petitions  in  the  court  in 
depredation  claims  on  file  in  the  Interior  Department,  I  respectfully 
recommend  that  this  detailed  clerk  be  dropped  from  the  roll  at  that 
date. 

In  regard  to  the  employment  by  Indians  of  attorneys  to  represent 
them  in  depredation  suits  a  circular  letter  has  been  acldressed  Indian 
agents  which  will  be  found  on  page  475. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


713 


INDIAN  FINANCES. 

Tlie  following  table  shows  all  moneys  appropriated  by  Congress  for 
tlie  Indian  service  for  the  fiscal  years  1885  to  1894.  These  amounts  are 
taken  from  the  digests  of  appropriations  published  for  those  years, 
respectively,  by  the  Treasury  Department. 

Tablk  10. — Appropriations  madehy  Congress  for  the  Indian  service  for  the  fiscal  years 

1SS5  to  18D4. 


1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1SS8. 

1889. 

Current  and  contingent  ex- 
penses of  the  Indian  service. 

FulHlling  treaty  stiiinlations 
witli  and  support  of  Indian 
tribes  (treaty  obligations) . . . 

Miscellaneous  support 

Interest  on  trust-fund  stock 
(uoupaying  State  stock) 

General  and  miscellaneous  ex- 
penses of  the  Indian  service. 

$221,  720.  03 

2,  680, 160. 04 
1,  282,  978. 81 

95, 170.  CO 

925,484.79 
993, 200. 00 

$223,  669. 04 

2,  602,  347. 05 
1,214,784.27 

95, 170. 00 

732,  683.  56 

1,  087, 105.  00 

52, 853. 77 

$213,  433.  43 

2,411,902.83 
1,  072, 722.  06 

94,  940. 00 

643, 047.  04 
1, 211, 436. 33 

$209,  300. 00 

2, 150, 242.  66 
988,  500.  00 

94, 940. 00 

714,  273. 44 
1.179.91.5.00 

$209,  605.  00 

2,  663,  030.  29 
755,  697.  08 

94,  940.  00 

1, 150,  031. 37 
1,  348,  221.  94 

1 

' 

1 

Total    for    the    Indian 

6, 198, 719. 67     6, 008, 612.  69 

5,  647, 481.  69 

5,  337, 171. 10 

6, 221,  526. 28 

1 

*1, 000, 000.  00 

Total  payments  for  ces-  1 

1  000  000  00 

1 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

Current   and  contingent   ex- 
penses of  the  Indian  service. 

rulHlling  treaty  stipulations 
willi  and  support  of  Indian 
tribes  (treaty  obligations).  .. 

$210,363.31 

2, 758,  373.  41 
720,  500.  00 

84,  556.  84 

1,  351, 397.  47 
1,  379,  508. 13 

$217,913.73 

2,  506,  279.  92 
723,  239.  09 

101,  470. 00 

2, 074, 148. 45 
1, 857,  903.  28 

$24t,  935.  64 

3,  048,  954.  35 
750,  500.  00 

86,  300. 00 

1, 535,  542.  30 

2,291,711.75 

82, 000.  00 

$202,  659. 12 

3, 142,  807.  87 
670,  816.  57 

80,  390.  00 

1,451,550.57 
2, 315,  612. 19 

$195,800.00 

2, 849,  406. 44 
690,  671. 08 

80,  390.  00 

1,  864. 204. 19 
2  243  497  38 

Interest  on  trust-fuud  stock 
(nonpaying  State  stock) 

General  and  miscellaneous  ex- 
penses of  the  Indian  service- 

30  993  90 

Payment  of    depredation 

478,  252. 62 

i 

Total    for    the    Indian 

6, 504,  759. 16 

7, 480, 954. 47     8, 036,  944. 04     8, 342, 094.  94 

7,  954, 962. 99 

Sioux  national  fund 

3, 000,  000.  00 
1, 912, 942. 02 

2,  280,  857. 10 

. 

Payment   to     Seminoles     for 

Payment  to  Creeks  for  cession 
of  lands 

Specialagreements  with  Indian 
tribes 

9,  614, 898. 37 

Total  payments  for  ces- 
sion of  lands 

7, 193, 799. 12 

9,  614, 898. 37 

*  The  $1,000,000  charged  to  Sioux  national  fund  -was  returned  to  Treasury,  as  the  treaty  was  not 
ratified. 

From  the  foregoing  statement  it  will  be  seen  that  the  "current  and 
contingent  expenses"  of  the  Indian  service,  which  include  pay  of 
special  Indian  agents,  Indian  inspectors  and  school  superintendent, 
expenses  of  the  Board  of  Indian  Commissioners,  and  miscellaneous 
contingent  expenses,  have  been  decidedly  decreased  in  the  appropria- 
tions for  the  last  two  years. 


714  PAPERS   ACC'OMPATsTING    THE 

Under  tbe  head  of  "Fulfilliug  treaty  stipulations  with  and  support 
of  Indian  tribes  (treaty  obligations),"  it  will  be  noticed  that  the  amount 
appropriated  for  the  fiscal  year  1885  is  $2,080,160.04,  and  for  the  fiscal 
years  1893  and  1894  is  $3,142,807.87  and  $2,849,406.44,  respectively. 
These  increases  are  accounted  for  by  several  agreements  made  with 
the  Indians  in  the  last  few  years,  which  provide  for  an  annual  paj^ment 
of  certain  sums  for  a  certain  number  of  years.  The  appropriation  of 
$2,849,406.44  includes  the  following  sums  api?ropriated  on  account  of 
agreements  negotiated  since  1885 : 

Agreement  with — 

Coeur  (I'Alene  Incliaus $11,  500 

Fort  Hall  Indians 6,000 

Indians  at  Blackfeet  Agency 150,  000 

Indians  at  Fort  Belkuaj)  Agency 115,  000 

Indians  at  Fort  Peck  Agency 165,  000 

Indians  at  Fort  Bertliold  Agency 80,  000 

lowas  in  Oklahoma 3,  600 

Sionx  (schools) 100,  000 

Sissoton  and  Wahpeton 21,  400 

Chippewas  in  Minnesota  .■ 90,  000 

Spokanes 25,  500 

Total 768,000 

Funds  appropriated  under  the  head  of  "  miscellaneous  support"  are 
for  Indians  who  have  no  treaty  or  agreement  funds,  or  whose  fluids 
under  agreement  or  treaty  are  insufficient.  The  amount  appropriated 
in  1885  under  this  head  was  $1,282,978.81; ''since  then  it  has  decreased 
nearly  50  per  cent.  Of  the  $090,671  for  1894  the  sum  of  $400,000  is 
given  for  the  support  of  the  Indians  at  the  Cheyenne  and  Arapaho, 
Kiowa,  San  Carlos,  Jicarilla,  and  Mescalero  Apache  agencies,  and  the 
balance  is  divided  among  the  Indians  of  thirty  agencies  scattered  over 
the  whole  tJnited  States. 

For  "  general  and  miscellaneous  exnenses  of  the  Indian  service," 
$925,484.79  were  appropriated  for  1885  and  $1,804,204.19  for  1894.  The 
above  sum  of  $1,864,204.19  includes  $160,000,  which  is  reimbursable 
from  the  sale  hereafter  of  lands  belonging  to  Indians,  and  which  is 
made  up  of  the  following  items : 

Aiding  Indian  allottees $15,  000.  00 

Allotments  under  act  of  February  8, 1887 40,  000. 00 

Relief  of  Chippe was  in  Minnesota 100,  000. 00 

■Sale  and  allotment  of  Umatilla  Reservation  ...  5,  000. 00 

Total $160,000.00 

It  also  includes  the  following  sums: 

Pay  of  farmers $70, 000. 00 

Negotiating  with  Indians  for  cession  of  lands  to  be  restored 

to  the  public  domain 30,  000. 00 

Increase  in  approi)riatiou  for  police  over  1885. .  78,  000.  00 

Pay  of  matrons .5,000.00 

Pay  of  judges,  Indian  courts 12,540.00 

Removal  of  Crow  Creek  Agency 50,  000.  00 

Removal  of  East(>rn  band  of  Cherokees 20,  000.  00 

Ditches  for  Nav.ajoes 40,  000.  00 

Payment  to  Sisseton,  etc.  (scouts) 30,  666. 66 

Total 336,  206. 66 

Grand  total 496,206.66 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


715 


None  of  the  items  making  up  this  ^496,206.66  are  inchided  in  appro- 
priations made  for  1885. 

For  the  support  of  schools  the  amount  appropriated  in  1885  was 
$993,200,  and  for  the  fiscal  year  1894  it  is  $2,243,497.38,  an  increase  of 
$1,250,297.38.  This  is  a  decrease  from  1893.  With  one  other  exception 
the  table  shows  a  steady  increase  from  year  to  year  in  the  approinia- 
tions  for  education. 

A  comparison  of  the  aggregate  of  appropriations  is  as  follows: 

Total  appropriations  for  tlic  fiscal  year  1885 $6, 198,  719.  67 

Total  appropriations  for  the  fiscal  year  1894 *7,  954,  962.  99 

Excess  of  appropriation  of  1894  over  1885 1,  756,  243.  32 

The  above  increase  of  81,756,243.32  is  more  than  accounted  for  by  the 
following  items : 

Increase  in  school  appropriations $1,  250,  297. 38 

New  agreements  ratified  since  1885 826,  300.  00 

Reimbursable  items  from  sales  of  lands 160,  000. 00 

Total 2,  236,  597,  38 

It  should  also  be  noted  that  the  aggregate  of  appropriations  for  1894 
is  $387,131.95  less  than  for  1893. 

In  addition  to  amounts  annually  appropriated  for  the  Indian  service 
the  Government  holds  in  trust  funds  belonging  to  various  Indian  tribes, 
and  the  annual  interest  accruing  therefrom  is  i)aid  over  to  those  tribes 
or  expended  for  their  benefit. 

The  interest  on  the  principal  of  the  trust  funds  belonging  to  the  Five 
Civilized  Tribes  is  placed  semiannually  with  the  United  States  assist- 
ant treasurer  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  to  the  credit  of  the  treasurer  of  each 
nation,  resj)ectively,  and  its  expenditure  is  entirely  under  the  control 
of  the  nation  and  its  council. 

The  tribes  i)ossessing  trust  funds  and  the  amounts  thereof  are  as 
follows : 

Table  11. — Trust  funds  of  Five  Civilized  Triies. 


Ti-ibea. 

Principal. 

Annual 
interest. 

$2,  CIG,  829.  35 

1,  306,  695. 65 

5S5,  000. 99 

1,  500,  000.  CO 

2,  000,  000. 00 

$136, 818. 02 
68  221  44 

Choctaws .   .. 

33  7"0  04 

Seiuiuoles 

100, 000. 00 

Total 

8, 008,  525. 99 

413  700  10 

*  The  sum  of  $8,000,000  due  for  Cherokee  Outlet  is  not  included. 


716  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Table  12.— Trust  funds  of  liihcs  other  tlian  Five  Civilized  Tribes. 


Tribes. 


Cheyennes  and  Arapahoes 
Crows. 


Chippewa  and  Christian  Indians. 

Eastern  Shawnees 

lowas 


Kansas 

Kickapoo 

L'Ansc  and  Vieux  Desert  Indians. 

Mouoraouees 

Osa^tes 


Omahas 

Otoes  and  Missourias 
Pawnees 

Poncas  . 


Pottawatomics 

Sac  and  Fox,  Missouri 

Sac  and  Fox,  Mississippi  , 
Sac  and  Fox,  Oklalioiua.  - . 
Senecas 


Senecas,  Tonawanda  band 

Senecas  and  Shawnoes 

Shoslioues  and  Bannocks 

Sissetoa  and  Walipetons 

Stockbridgos 

Umatillas 

Uintah  and  White  River  Utes. 
Utos. 


Sioux,  Pine  Ridge 

Sioux,  Rosebud 

Sioux,  Standing  Rock  . 
Sioux,  Cheyenne  River 

Sioux,  Crow  Creelc 

Sioux,  Lower  Brul6 

Sioux,  Sautee 


18Ql-'92. 


1802-'93. 


$1,  000, 

311, 

42, 

9, 

120, 

27, 

115, 

20, 

434, 

8,  331, 

189, 

611, 

355. 

70, 

184, 

21, 

55, 

300, 

40. 

86, 

15, 

154, 

1, 690, 

75, 

115, 

3, 

1, 750, 


000.  00 
488. 00 
560.  36 
079.  12 
543.  37 
174.41 
727.  01 
000.  00 
195.  03 
740. 38 
480. 78 
443.  30 
268.  86 
000.  00 
094.  57 
659. 12 
058. 21 
000.  00 
979.  60 
950.  00 
140.  42 
879. 30 
800.  00 
988.  00 
258. 85 
340. 00 
000.  00 


Total 16,132,849.29 


$1, 000, 
30], 

42, 

9, 

120, 

50, 
113, 

20, 
594. 
8,  359, 
211, 
618, 
417, 

70, 
184, 

21, 

55, 
300, 

40, 

86, 

15, 

173, 

1,  690, 

75, 
242, 
3, 
1,  750, 
950, 
620, 
559, 
356, 
156, 
147, 
210, 


000. 00 
412.22 
560.  36 
079. 12 
543.  37 
564.  50 
169.44 
000.  00 
195.  03 
288. 98 
339.  07 
394  29 
035. 05 
000.  00 
094.  57 
659. 12 
058. 21 
000. 00 
979. 60 
950. 00 
140. 42 
915. 94 
800. 00 
988.  60 
353. 47 
340. 00 
000. 00 
529.  36 
644. 85 
432. 15 
015.40 
063. 52 
112. 60 
202. 12 


19,  567, 861. 36 


SEAL  FOE  THE  II^^DIAI^  BUEEAU. 

The  design  of  a  seal  for  this  office,  prepared  by  the  Bureau  of 
Engraving-  and  Printing,  was  approved  by  the  President  October  28, 
1892,  as  required  by  the  act  of  Congress  approved  July  26, 1892.  This 
seal,  with  a  suitable  press,  also  obtained  through  the  Bureau  of 
Engraving  and  Printing,  is  now  in  use. 


INTEUDEES  li^  THE  CHEEOKEE  NATION. 

The  authorities  of  the  Cherokee  Nation  have  from  time  to  time  since 
1874  reported  the  presence  in  the  nation  of  large  numbers  of  i)ersons 
who  they  claimed  were  there  without  authority  of  law,  and  were  occu- 
pying and  cultivating  some  of  the  best  lands  of  the  nation,  to  the  detri- 
ment and  exclusion  of  its  citizens;  and  the  Nation  has  demanded  of  the 
Government  that  these  persons  be  removed  in  accordance  with  the  prom- 
ises given  the  Cherokees  in  their  treaties.  Very  few,  if  any,  of  the 
parties  have,  however,  been  removed,  on  account  of  the  difference  ot 
opinion  for  a  long  time  existing  between  this  Dej)artment  and  the 
Cherokee  autliorities  respecting  the  jurisdiction  claimed  by  the  Depart- 
ment over  claims  to  rights  of  citizenship  set  up  by  most  of  the  intruders 
comiilaincd  against. 

This  controversy  had  the  effect  to  postpone  the  adjudication  of  citi- 
zenship claims,  and  in  the  meantime  the  Indian  agent  was  directed  by 
a  letter  of  July  20,  1880,  to  give  certificates  to  all  claimants  to  citizen- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     717 

ship  who  could  establisli  a  prima  facie  right  thereto,  which  certificates 
were  to  be  regarded  as  entitling  the  holders  to  remain  in  the  Cherokee 
2^ation  without  molestation  or  liability  to  removal  until  such  time  as  a 
plan  could  be  agreed  upon  between  the  Department  and  the  authorities 
of  the  nation  for  a  fair  and  impartial  trial  of  their  claims.  In  the 
Cherokee  trust  fund  case  (117  U.  S.,  311)  the  Supreme  Court  decided 
that— 

If  Indians  in  that  State  [North  Carolina]  or  in  any  other  State  east  of  the  Mis- 
sissiiipi  wish  to  enjoy  the  benefits  of  the  common  property  of  the  Cherokee  Nation, 
in  whatever  form  it  may  exist,  they  must,  as  hehl  by  the  Court  of  Claims,  comply 
with  the  constitution  and  laws  of  the  Cherokee  Nation  and  be  admitted  to  citizen- 
ship as  there  provided. 

The  decision  in  the  case  fi?om  which  the  above  quotation  is  taken  was 
rendered  by  the  court  on  March  1,  1S8C,  and  under  date  of  August  11, 
188G,  the  office  iustructed  the  Union  Indian  agent  to  issue  no  farther 
certificates  of  the  character  authorized  in  letter  of  July  20,  1880,  above 
referred  to,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  having  by  letter  of  August  5, 
1886,  directed  the  revocation  of  the  order  containecl  in  said  letter  to  the 
agent.  The  revocation  of  said  order,  however,  was  to  have  no  retro- 
active effect. 

Claimants  to  citizenship  who  have  made  settlements  in  the  Cherokee 
Kation  since  the  date  of  the  letter  from  this  office  stopping  the  further 
isiiuance  of  prima  facie  certificates,  as  they  were  called,  have  done  so 
at  their  own  risk  and  have  been  liable  to  removal  as  intruders,  and 
whenever  opportunity  has  offered  individual  claimants  have  been  so 
advised  by  this  office. 

The  parties  who,  in  good  faith,  had  entered  the  nation  jirior  to  the 
date  of  that  letter,  believing  they  had  rights  there  by  blood,  were, 
however,  regarded  as  having  acquired  an  equitable  right  to  look  to  the 
United  States  for  protection  in  their  property  and  improvements 
until  some  plan  of  settlement  of  their  rights  could  be  adopted. 
The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  rendered  a  decision  August  21,  1888,  in 
the  case  of  John  Kesterson  which  fixed  the  status  of  all  such  claimants 
whose  claims  had  been  or  might  thereafter  be  rejected  by  the  Cherokee 
authorities  as  intruders  in  the  nation  and  subject  to  removal  as  such 
under  article  27  of  the  treaty  of  18G0  (14  Stats.,  80G).  He  decided,  how- 
ever, that  intruders  of  this  class  must  be  dealt  with  in  the  light  of  the 
facts  in  eacli  case;  that  having  gone  there  in  apparent  good  faith  upon 
the  invitation  of  the  nation,  and  having  made  valuable  improvements 
w'hile  suffered  or  permitted  to  remain,  the  Department  would  not  cause 
or  suffer  their  removal  to  be  made  in  such  summary  and  sudden  man- 
ner as  to  work  great  harm  and  loss  to  their  jiroperty  and  unnecessary 
hardship  personally  to  themselves  and  their  families;  that  they  were 
entitled  to  the  protection  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  in  a 
proi^er  way  as  its  citizens,  since  they  had  not  been  admitted  to  citizen- 
in  the  Cherokee  Nation  nor  were  under  its  jurisdiction;  that  this  pro- 
tection was  peculiarly  necessary  in  such  cases;  and  that  tliey  were 
entitled  to  a  reasonable  time  and  oi)portunity,  in  view  of  all  the  circum- 
stances of  their  long  residence  and  labor  in  the  nation,  to  gather  their 
growing  crops  and  to  dispose  of  their  property  or  remove  it  as  might 
be  most  suitable  to  its  character. 

The  agent  having  been  instructed  in  office  letter  of  August  24,  1888, 
in  accordance  with  this  decision,  he  issued  notices  to  a  large  number 
of  intruders  of  the  class  described,  directing  them  to  dispose  of  their 
property  in  the  nation  not  of  a  movable  character  and  to  remove  their 
other  property  and  themselves  and  their  families,  within  six  months. 


718  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Tlie  time  witliin  Tvliicli  the  removals  were  to  take  place  was  extended 
indefluitelyby  this  office,  with  the  approval  of  the  Department,  in  March 
1889,  on  account  of  statements  received  here  that  recognized  citizens  of 
the  Cherokee  Xatiou,  to  whom  alone  the  intruders  could  sell  their 
improvements,  refused  to  buy  them,  saying  they  must  be  abandoned 
anyway  in  six  months  and  then  they  could  be  occupied  without  cost. 

Thus  the  matter  stood  at  the  time  of  the  ratification  by  Congress  of 
the  agreement  entered  into  December  19,  1891,  between  David  H. 
Jerome,  Alfred  M.  Wilson,  and  Warren  G.  Say  re,  commissioners  on 
the  part  of  the  United  States,  and  Elias  C.  Boudinot,  Joseph  A.  Scales, 
George  Downing,  Eoach  Young,  Thomas  Smith,  William  Triplett,  and 
Joseph  Smallwood,  commissioners  on  the  part  of  the  Cherokee  ISTatiou, 
looking  to  the  sale  to  the  United  States  of  the  tract  of  country  known 
as  the  "Cherokee  Outlet."  The  first  i3aragTaph  of  article 2  of  the  agree- 
ment, which  article  contains  the  stipulated  considerations  for  the  cession 
provided  for  in  article  1,  is  as  follows,  viz: 

First.  That  all  persons  now  resident,  or  Tvbo  may  hereafter  become  residents,  in 
the  Cherokee  Nation,  and  who  are  not  recognized  as  citizens  of  the  Cherokee  Nation 
by  the  constituted  authorities  thereof,  and  Avho  are  not  in  the  employment  of  the 
Cherokee  Nation,  or  in  the  employment  of  citizens  of  the  Cherokee  Nation,  in  con- 
formity with  the  laws  thereof,  or  in  the  employment  of  the  United  States  Gov- 
ernment, and  all  citizens  of  the  United  States  who  are  not  resident  in  the  Chero- 
kee Nation  under  the  provisions  of  treaty  or  acts  of  Congress,  shall  be  deemed  and 
held  to  be  intruders  and  unauthorized  persons  within  the  intent  and  meaning  of 
section  6  of  the  treaty  of  1835,  and  sections  26  and  27  of  the  treaty  of  July  19, 1866, 
and  shall,  together  with  their  personal  efiects,  be  removed  without  delay  from  the 
limits  of  said  nation  by  the  United  States  as  trespassers,  upon  the  demand  of  the 
principal  chief  of  the  Cherokee  Nation.  In  such  removals  no  houses,  barns,  out- 
buildings, fences,  orchards,  growing  crops,  or  other  chattels  real,  being  attached  to 
the  soil  and  belonging  to  the  Cherokee  Nation,  the  owner  of  the  land,  shall  be 
removed,  damaged,  or  destroyed,  unless  it  shall  become  necessary  in  order  to  effect 
the  removal  of  such  trespassers :  Provided,  alicaiis,  That  nothing  in  this  section  shall 
be  so  construed  as  to  affect  in  any  manner  the  rights  of  any  jiersons  in  the  Cherokee 
Nation  under  the  ninth  article  of  the  treaty  of  July  19,  1866. 

In  ratifying  the  agreement  (27  Stats.,  G41)  Congress  proposed  the 
following  amendment  to  the  above-cpioted  part  thereof,  which  was  con- 
sented to  by  the  Cherokee  Nation  by  an  act  of  the  national  council 
approved  Ai)ril  3, 1893 : 

Jnd  provided  further,  That  before  any  intruder  or  unauthorized  person  occuxiyiug 
houses,  lands,  or  improvements,  which  occupancy  commenced  before  the  eleventh 
day  of  August,  anno  Domini  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-sis,  shall  be  removed 
therefrom,  upon  demand  of  the  principal  chief  or  otherwise,  the  value  of  his 
improvements,  as  the  same  shall  be  appraised  by  a  board  of  three  appraisers,  to  be 
appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  one  of  the  same  upon  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  principal  chief  of  the  Cherokee  Nation,  for  that  purjiose,  shall  be 
paid  to  him  by  the  Cherokee  Nation :  and  upon  such  i>ayment  such  improvements 
shall  become  the  property  of  the  Cherokee  Nation:  Provided,  That  the  amount  so 
paid  for  said  improvements  shall  not  exceed  the  sum  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  thou- 
sand dollars:  And  provided  further,  That  the  appraisers  in  determining  the  A-alue  of 
such  improvements  may  consider  the  value  of  the  use  and  occupation  of  the  land. 

The  provision  in  the  treaty  of  1835(7  Stats.,  478)  relating  to  intruders 
in  the  Cherokee  Nation  and  referred  to  in  the  agreement  as  "  section 
six  of  the  treaty  of  1835"  (which,  however,  is  "article* six,"  of  said 
treaty)  is  as  follows : 

Perpetual  peace  and  friendship  shall  exist  between  the  citizens  of  the  United 
States  and  the  Cherokee  Indians.  The  United  States  agree  to  protect  the  Cherokee 
Nation  from  domestic  strife  and  foreign  enemies  and  against  intestine  wars  between 
the  several  tribes.  The  Cherokees  shall  endeavor  to  preserve  and  maintain  the 
peace  of  the  country,  and  not  make  war  ujiou  their  neighbors ;  the j'  shall  also  be 
protected  against  interruption  and  intrusion  from  citizens  of  the  T^'nited  States  who 
may  attempt  to  settle  in  the  country  without  their  consent ;  and  all  such  i^ersons 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECEETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     719 

shall  be  removed  from  the  same  by  order  of  the  President  of  the  United  States. 
But  this  is  not  intended  to  prevent  the  residence  among  them  of  useful  farmers, 
mechanics,  and  teachers  for  the  instruction  of  Indians  according  to  treaty  stipula- 
tions. 

Articles  2G  and  27  of  the  treaty  of  1866  (14  Stats.,  806)  referred  to  in 
tlie  agTeemeut  as  "  sections  twenty-six  and  twenty-seven,"  are  as 
follows : 

Article  XXVI.  The  United  States  guarantee  to  the  people  of  the  Cherokee  Nation 
the  quiet  and  peaceable  possession  of  their  country,  and  protection  against  domestic 
feuds  and  insurrections,  and  against  hostilities  of  other  tribes.  They  shall  also  be  pro- 
tected against  interruptions  or  intrusion  from  all  unauthorized  citizens  of  the  United 
States  who  may  attempt  to  settle  on  their  lands  or  reside  in  their  Territory.  In  case 
of  hostilities  among  the  Indian  tribes  the  United  States  agree  that  the  party  or  jiarties 
commencing  the  same  shall,  so  far  as  practicable,  make  reparation  for  the  damages 
done. 

Article  XXVII.  The  United  States  shall  have  the  right  to  establish  one  or  more 
military  posts  or  stations  in  the  Cherokee  Nation,  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  for 
the  proper  protection  of  the  citizens  of  the  United  States  la'^'fuUy  residing  therein 
and  the  Cherokees  and  other  citizens  of  the  Indian  country.  But  no  sutler  or  other 
person  connected  therewith  either  in  or  out  of  the  military  organization  shall  be  per- 
mitted to  introduce  any  spirituous,  vinous,  or  malt  liquors  into  the  Cherokee  Nation, 
except  the  medical  department  proper,  andbythem  onlyfor  strictly  medical  purposes. 
And  all  persons  not  in  the  military  service  of  the  United  States,  not  citizens  of  the 
Cherokee  Nation,  are  to  be  prohibited  from  coming  into  the  Cherokee  Nation,  or  re- 
maining in  the  same,  except  as  herein  otherwise  provided;  and  it  is  the  duty  of  the 
Uuited  States  Indian  agent  for  the  Cherokees  to  have  such  persons,  not  lawfully  re- 
siding or  sojourning  therein,  removed  from  the  Nation,  as  they  now  are,  or  hereafter 
may  be,  required  by  the  Indian  intercourse  laws  of  the  United  States. 

In  pursuance  of  the  amendment  made  by  Congress  to  the  Cherokee 
agreement  so  called,  as  above  set  forth,  the  President  appointed  Messrs. 
Joshua  C.  Ilutchins,  of  Athens,  Ga.,  Peter  H.  Pernot,  of  Indianapolis, 
Ind.,  and  Clem  V.  Eogers,  of  Oolagah,  Ind,  T.  (the  latter  on  recom- 
mendation of  the  principal  chief  of  the  Cherokee  Xation),  a  Com- 
mission to  appraise  the  improvements  of  intruders  in  the  Cherokee 
Kation,  who  began  the  occupation  of  houses,  lands,  or  improvements  in 
said  Nation  prior  to  Augiist  11, 1886,  the  date  on  which  the  stopping  of 
the  issuance  of  prima  facie  certificates  was  ordered.  June  21,  1893,  a 
draft  of  the  instructions  to  govern  the  said  Commission  in  its  work  was 
transmitted  by  this  office  for  the  consideration  and  approval  of  the 
Department.  These  instructions  were  approved  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior  July  7, 1893,  and  the  Commissioners  named  above  are  now 
in  the  Indian  Territory  engaged  in  apjiraising  the  imx^rovemeuts  of  the 
intruders  in  the  Cherokee  Nation  entitled  to  compensation  therefor 
under  the  law. 

Among  the  parties  charged  by  the  Cherokees  with  being  intruders, 
and  whose  removal  with  others  is  demanded,  are  a  number  of  persons 
who  claim  that  they  were  once  lawfiiliy  admitted  to  citizenship  in  the 
Nation,  and  have  never  forfeited  that  right,  but  that  they  have  since 
been  unlawfully  declared  to  be  non-citizens  and  intruders.  An  inspector 
of  the  Department  was  recently  sent  to  the  Nation  to  investigate  this 
class  of  cases. 

CHEROKEE  FEEEDMEN,  DELAWAEES,  AND  SHAWNEES. 

Since  the  last  annual  report  the  second  and  third  supplemental 
schedules  of  Cherokee  freedmen  have  been  made  and  approved,  con- 
taining the  names  of  250  persons  in  whose  behalf  there  has  been  sub- 
mitted evidence  satisfactory  to  this  office  showing  that  they  were  enti- 
tled to  share  in  the  per  capita  distribution  of  the  875,000  appropriated 
by  the  act  of  October  19, 1888  (25  Stats.,  608),  out  of  the  funds  of  the 


720  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Cherokee  Nation,  for  distribution  among  its  freedmen,  Delawares,  and 
Sliawnees.    This  makes  tlie  total  number  5,008  entitled,  as  follows: 

3,  568  Clicrolcee  freedmen,  less  44  since  cancelled,  3,524,  at  $15.50. .  $54,  622. 00 

763  Delawares,  less  16  not  entitled,  747,  at  $15.50 11,  578. 50 

747  Shawnees,  less  10  not  entitled,  737,  at  $15.50 11,423.50 

Total 77,624.00 

This  is  $2,024,  or  about  109  names,  in  excess  of  the  appropriation 
made  to  i)ay  said  beneficiaries. 

The  agent  has  informally  reported  to  this  office  from  time  to  time 
that  he  was  confident,  from  the  efforts  he  had  made  to  ascertain,  as  well 
as  to  pay  off,  the  persons  named  in  the  first  schedule,  approved  Novem- 
ber 21,  1890,  and  in  subsequent  schedules,  that  there  would  be  found 
to  be  a  number  of  persons  whose  names  are  on  said  approved  schedules 
who  could  not  be  identified,  or  whose  names  were  duplicated,  or  who 
were  born  after  or  died  before  March  3,  1883,  and  that  the  number 
would  be  far  in  excess  of  the  109  for  whom  no  ai)propriation  has  been 
provided. 

In  reviewing  the  payments  made  on  these  schedules  by  the  agent 
up  to  and  including  his  last  returns,  June  30,  1893,  there  appears  to 
remain  unpaid  of  the  aforesaid  5,008  names  on  said  approved  schedules 
as  follows : 

Antlienticated  freedmen 185 

Authenticated  freedmen,  deceased 40 

225 

Admitted  freedmen 153 

378 

Cherokee  Delawares 14 

Cherokee  Shawnecs 54 

Total 446 

There  remains  unexpended  of  the  appropriation  of  $75,000  the  sum 
of  $4,304,50  with  which  to  pay  the  said  446  i)ersons,  or  so  many  of  them 
as  may  be  identified  and  found  entitled. 

If,  however,  this  fund  should  become  exhausted,  leaving  beneficiaries 
whose  names  are  on  the  the  approved  schedules  unpaid,  application 
will  have  to  be  made  to  Congress  for  an  additional  appropriation;  but 
until  such  a  contingency  either  arises  or  becomes  manifest,  I  do  not 
deem  it  necessary  to  ask  for  more  funds. 

******* 


CHIPPEWA  AND  MUNSEE  INDIANS  IN  KANSAS. 

There  was  given,  at  some  length,  in  the  annual  report  of  this  office 
for  the  year  1891  the  status  of  these  Indians  and  of  their  lands.  The 
recommendations  then  made,  and  renewed  in  the  last  annual  report 
meet  my  approval,  and  I  resiiectfully  renew  the  request  that  Congress 
be  asked  to  enact  the  necessary  legislation  for  their  relief  as  was  then 
recommended,  viz: 

In  view  of  the  condition  of  the  affairs  of  these  Indians,  and  the  fact 
that  under  the  general  allotment  act  of  February  8,  1887,  they  were 
made  citizens  of  the  United  States,  I  respectfullj^  recommend  that  Con- 
gress be  asked  to  grant  authority  to  issue  patents  in  fee  to  the  allottees 
of  the  several  tracts,  or  to  those  assigns  whose  conveyances  have  been 
approved  by  the  Department,  and  that  such  lands  as  are  vacant  or 
abandoned,  including  their  school  and  mission  lands  and  the  tract  on 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     721 

whicli  the  sclioolliouse  was  located,  be  appraised  and  sold  by  the  Com- 
missioner of  the  General  Land  Office,  the  net  proceeds  arising  from  the 
sale  to  bo  funded  for  the  nse  and  benefit  of  those  members  of  said  tribes 
born  since  the  allotments  were  made,  or  who  have  never  received  an 
allotment. 

EASTERN  BAND  OF  CHEEOKEES  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

The  suit  in'the  United  States  circuit  court  for  the  western  district  of 
North  Carolina,  instituted  by  the  Attorney-General  some  years  ago,  to 
establish  a  clear  title  to  the  lands  in  that  State  claimed  by  the  Eastern 
Chcrokees,  is  in  about  the  same  condition  as  reported  in  the  last  annual 
report  of  this  office  (p.  123).  I  am  informally  advised  that  a  master 
in  chancery  has  been  elected,  and  had  hoped  that  the  suit  would  be 
pushed  to  a  definite  conclusion.  But  from  late  reports  I  understand 
that  it  has  been  postponed  till  another  term  of  the  court,  and  I  fear 
that  the  interests  of  these  Indians  may  suifer  by  reason  of  these 
unavoidable  postponements. 

ISABELLA  RESERVATION,  MICH. 

Nothing  of  special  interest  has  occurred  with  respect  to  this  reser- 
vation during  the  past  year,  except  the  decision  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Michigan  to  the  effect  that  the  lands  allotted  to  the  class  of  Indians 
designated  as  '-not  so  competent,"  are  not  taxable.  This  has  been  a 
disturbing  matter  to  the  Indians  for  a  number  of  years,  several  sales 
for  taxes  having  been  made.  All  the  land  of  this  reservation  has  been 
patented,  but  much  of  it  has  i)assed  from  the  possession  of  the  Indians. 

KICKAPOOS  IN  KANSAS. 

The  first  section  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved  August  4,  188G  (24 
Stats.,  219),  extended  the  beneficiarprovisions  of  theamen.ded  third 
article  of  the  treaty  between  the  United  States  and  the  Kickapoo  tribe 
of  Indians,  concluded  June  28,  lSo2  (13  Stats.,  G24),,to  all  allottees 
under  said  treaty  without  regard  to  their  being  "males  and  heads  of 
families,"  and  without  distinction  as  to  sex.  Tlie  second  section  of  said 
act  provides  for  the  issuance  of  ]>atents  and  payment  of  head  money  to 
the  heirs  of  allottees  who  died  without  receiving  their  patents  or  shares 
of  head  money. 

Under  the  foregoing  provisions  of  law  patents  have  been  issued  dur- 
ing the  year  and  estimates  submitted  to  Congress  for  the  payment  of 
head  money  to  four  Indians  who  have  been  naturalized  and  to  the  heirs 
of  three  w^ho  have  died, 

KOOTENAI  INDIANS  IN  NORTHERN  IDAHO. 

Reference  was  made  in  the  annual  report  of  last  year  to  the  Koo- 
tenais,  of  northern  Idaho,  numbering  about  225,  with  the  statement 
that  a  portion  of  them  had  been  removed  to  the  Flathead  Reserva- 
tion, Mont.;  that  some,  claiming  to  be  Canadian  Indians,  had  moved 
across  the  international  boundary  line  into  Canada;  that  eight  families, 
who  had  improved  aiul  cultivated  certain  lands,  desired  to  remain  there 
and  have  the  same  allotted  to  them,  which  would  be  done;  and  that 
the  disposition  of  the  Kootenais  might,  therefore,  be  considered  settled. 
Ab.  93 40 


722  PAPERS   ACCOMPAXYIKG    THE 

Steps  were  taken  in  1889  to  settle  the  Kootenai  question.  On  June 
21  of  that  year  Ag-ent  Rouan,  of  the  Flathead  Agency,  Mont.,  was 
instructed,  if  these  Indians  conkl  not  be  induced  to  remove  to  the  Flat- 
head or  some  other  reservation,  to  encourage  them  to  take  allotments 
under  the  fourth  section  of  the  general  allotment  act,  approved  Feb- 
ruary 8,  1887  (24  Stats.,  388),  and  in  the  event  that  the  Indians  desired 
to  remain  where  they  were,  to  furnish  farther  information  as  to  the 
extent  and  character  of  the  land  occupied  by  them,  and  in  their  vicin- 
ity; how  much  they  claimed  and  had  improved;  how  nuich  unoccu- 
pied and  unimproved  land  there  was  in  that  vicinity  suitable  for  allot- 
ment to  the  Indians;  and  whether  any  of  the  lauds  hitherto  unoccupied 
by  them  had  been  entered  or  located  by  whites,  and  if  so,  to  what  extent; 
and  to  advise  the  Indians  that  should  they  refuse  to  remove  to  some 
reservation,  they  must  take  steps  to  obtain  title  to  the  lauds  occujued 
by  them,  otherwise  they  would  meet  with  trouble  in  their  eiforts  to 
retain  them. 

August  C,  1889,  Agent  Eonan  reported  that  he  had  visited  these 
Indians;  that  many  of  them  desired  to  remain  in  their  locality  and 
have  the  lands  they  occupied  allotted  to  them  under  said  fourth  sec- 
tion; and  that  there  was  plenty  of  excellent  laud  in  that  locality  upon 
which  to  settle  all  the  Indians  in  severalty. 

August  28,  1889,  Agent  Eonan  was  again  instructed  to  lu^oeeed  to 
that  country  and  advise  the  Indians  to  so  select  and  locate  upon  their 
claims  that  each  person  would  receive,  when  the  allotments  should 
come  to  be  made,  the  quantity  to  which  he  might  be  entitled  under 
the  fourth  section  of  said  act,  and  to  forward  a  description  of  the  lands 
in  the  possession,  use,  and  occupation  of  the  Indians,  to  the  proper 
local  land  officers,  in  order  that  they  might  be  fully  advised  in  the 
matter  and  allow  no  entries  thereon.  He  was  also  instructed  to  give 
such  x^ublicity  as  he  might  be  able  to  the  fact  that  the  country  in  ques- 
tion was  in  the  i^ossession  and  use  of  the  Indians,  and  that  steps  were 
being  taken  to  have  the  same  allotted  to  them,  and  that  in  the  mean- 
time no  white  i^erson  could,  under  General  Land  Office  circular  of  May 
31,  1881,  obtain  any  title  or  claim  to  any  of  the  lands  occupied  by  the 
Indians. 

July  20,  1891,  Catherine  B.  Fry  (Indian)  filed  several  applications  in 
the  local  land  office  at  Cceur  d'Alene,  Idaho,  among  which  was  an  ap- 
plication to  have  allotted  to  her  minor  child,  Arthur  Fry,  certain  lands 
in  the  vicinity  of  Bonner's  Ferry,  Idaho,  which  application  was  referred 
to  this  office  by  the  General  Laud  Office,  December  29, 1891.  May  10, 
1893,  the  special  alloting  agent  on  duty  in  this  office,  allotted  to  the 
minor  child,  Arthur,  the  lands  applied  for,  and  on  the  same  date  the 
allotment  was  forwarded  to  the  Department.  The  next  day  the  said 
allotment,  together  with  others,  was  approved  by  the  Department  and 
transmitted  to  the  General  Land  Office,  with  instructions  to  issue  pat- 
ents to  the  allottees. 

Information  has  reached  this  office  to  the  efiect  that  settlement  by 
whites  has  been  made  upon  the  tract  allotted  to  Arthur  Fry;  that  a 
town  of  some  400  inhabitants  has  sprung  up  thereon;  that  the  same 
has  been  laid  off  into  streets  and  alleys;  that  a  town-site  coinpany  has 
been  incorporated  to  dispose  of  the  lots;  and  that  the  improvements 
erected  thereon  have  an  estimated  value  of  many  thousand  dollars. 
A  committee  of  the  citizens  of  the  town  referred  to  has  requested  that 
the  allotment  to  said  minor  be  cancelled.  The  facts  in  the  case  thus 
far  obtained,  show  that  the  said  allottee  is  entitled  to  the  land  in  ques- 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     723 

tion.  A  special  agent  of  this  ofQce  lias  been  sent  thare  to  make  a  full 
and  complete  investigation  of  the  "svhole  matter  and  submit  report 
thereof.     His  report  has  not  yet  been  received. 


LOWEE  BEULr^  SIOUX  ON  KOSEBUD  RESERVATION. 

In  tlie  last  annual  report  of  this  office  reference  is  made  to  the'"  Rose- 
bud agreement,"  so-called,  concluded  nnder  authority  of  a  clanse  con- 
tained in  the  Indian  appropriation  act  of  March  3, 1891  (20  Stats.,  1009), 
whereby  such  of  the  Lower  Brule  Sioux  as  desired  to  do  so  might  settle 
and  take  lands  in  severalty  upon  the  Rosebud  Reservation,  S. 
Dalv.,  the  Indians  so  transferred  to  cede  and  relinquish  to  the  Rose- 
bud Indians  all  their  right,  title,  and  interest  in  and  to  the  Lower  Brule 
Reservation. 

This  proposition  was  rendered  null  and  void  for  the  reason  that  it 
failed  to  secure  the  consent  of  three-fourths  of  the  Lower  Brule  Indians, 
which,  it  Avas  understood,  would  be  required  in  order  to  make  it  bind- 
ing upon  the  tribe.  The  action  of  the  Indians  in  the.  matter  was 
declared  by  the  Department  to  be  final,  and  all  parties  interested  were 
informed  of  that  fact. 

There  are  some  500  or  COO  of  the  Lower  Brules  now  living  south  ot 
White  River  and  on  the  Rosebud  Reserve,  and  efforts  have  been  made 
to  induce  them  to  remove  to  their  own  (the  Lower  Brule)  reservation  or 
to  tlie  Sioux  ceded  lands,  and  to  take  allotments  thereon,  if  entitled 
to  do  so  under  the  law  and  existing  Departmental  instructions;  but 
they  still  linger  on  the  Rosebud  Reservation.  However,  Special  Agent 
Thomas  P.  Smith  recently  reported  to  this  office?,  after  an  investigation 
of  the  matter,  that,  in  his  opinion,  these  Indians  would  remove  to  their 
own  reservation  when  the  agency  and  the  buildings  belonging  thereto 
shall  have  been  removed  to  the  new  Lower  Brule  Reservation.  Steps 
are  now  being  taken  to  remove  the  agency  tbither.  When  the  removal 
of  the  agency  is  completed  and  an  issue  house  has  been  constructed  on 
tlie  reservation,  steps  will  be  taken  to  remove  the  Lower  Brules  from 
the  Rosebud  Reserve. 

MOQUI  RESERVATION. 

Nothing  of  si)ecial  interest  has  occurred  respecting  the  Indians  of 
this  reservation  during  the  past  year.  The  work  of  allotting  their 
lands  in  severalty  has  been  in  progress  since  January,  1892,  but  the 
progress  is  slow.  The  peculiar  formation  of  the  land  and  habits  of  the 
Indians  together  with  the  opposition  of  one  of  the  three  bands  or  vil- 
lages of  Indians  have  been  the  cause  of  greatly  retarding  the  work. 
They  are  now  and  for  some  time  have  been  much  exercised  over  the 
intrusion  of  some  of  their  neighbors,  the  Navajoes,  a  number  of  whom 
have  been  for  some  years  located  upon  certain  tracts  of  land  desired 
b}'  the  Moquis.  Measures  looking  to  their  removal  are  now  being- 
pushed. 

NORTHERN  CHEYENNES IN  MONTANA. 

On  February  C,  1892,  this  office  made  a  full  report  to  the  Department 
as  to  the  unsettled  condition  of  affairs  among  the  Northern  Cheyennes 
in  Montana,  owing  to  the  encroachments  by  white  settlers  upon  their 
reservation  and  also  upon  certain  nonreservatiou  lands  long  claimed 


724  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

and  occupied  by  that  tribe.  Eecommendation  was  made  tliat  Congress 
sliould  be  earnestly  urged  to  enact  such  legislation  as  would  put  the 
Indians  in  possession  of  their  entire  reservation,  and  would  authorize 
the  purchase  of  the  lands  of  those  settlers  who  had  acquired  rights 
thereon  prior  to  the  establishing  of  the  same  by  Executive  order  of 
October  1,  1884,  and  the  removal  of  all  other  white  settlers  therefrom, 
and  a  change  of  the  easteru  boundary  line  so  as  to  enlarge  the  reser- 
vation. 

A  bill  to  increase  the  area  of  the  I^orthern  Cheyenne  or  Tongue  Eiver 
Eeservation,  Mont.,  and  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to 
settle  the  claims  of  bona  fide  settlers  withhi  the  present  reservation 
and  the  addition  thereto,  and  to  make  appropriation  for  that  purpose, 
was  introduced  into  the  Senate  at  the  last  Congress.  It  was  referred 
to  the  Senate  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs  and  reported  back  January 
.10,  1893,  without  amendment. 

Some  legislation  of  the  character  indicated  is  needed  to  restore  har- 
mony among  the  Indians,  and  to  give  them  the  rights  to  which  they 
are  justly  entitled.  I  would,  therefore,  recommend  that  the  attention 
of  the  Fifty-third  Congress  be  invited  to  this  matter. 


OTOE  AND  MISSOUEIA  INDIANS. 

A  matter  of  special  interest  to  these  Indians  was  the  passage  of  the 
act  of  March  3,  1893,  entitled  "  An  act  to  provide  for  the  adjustment 
of  certain  sales  of  lands  in  the  late  reservation  of  the  confederated 
Otoe  and  Missouria  tribes  of  Indians  in  the  States  of  Nebraska  and 
Kansas,"  (27  Stats.,  5G8.)  ''Adjustment"  here  means  that  the  pur- 
chasers of  these  lands  at  public  auction,  many  of  whom  have  not  paid 
all  of  the  purchase  money,  are  raising  the  cry  that  the  lands  are  not 
now  worth  what  they  paid  or  agreed  to  pay  for  them  in  "  boom"  times, 
and  are  asking  " adjustment"  so  that  they  will  not  be  required  to  pay 
more  than  the  appraised  value  of  the  land  at  or  just  before  the  time 
of  sale  in  1883.  An  adjustment  in  the  manner  proposed  would  cause 
a  loss  of  about  6290,000  to  the  Indians.  The  views  of  this  office  on  the 
subject  were  fully  set  out  in  letters  to  the  Department  dated  April  22, 
1892,  and  March  3,  1893. 

SANTEE  SIOUX  IN  NEBEASKA. 

Section  7  of  the  Sioux  act,  approved  March  2,  1889  (25  Stats.,  888), 
provided  as  follows : 

That  cacli  member  of  tlio  Santee  Sioux  tribe  of  Indians  now  occupying  a  reserva- 
tion in  the  State  of  Nebraska  not  having  already  taken  allotments  shall  be  entitled 
to  allotments  upon  said  reserve  in  Nebraska  as  follows:  To  each  head  of  a  family 
one-quarter  of  a  section ;  to  each  single  person  over  eighteen  years  of  age,  one-eighth 
of  a  section;  to  each  orjihan  child,  under  eighteen  years,  one-eighth  of  a  section; 
to  each  other  i)erson  under  eighteen  years  of  ago  now  living,  one-sixteenth  of  a 
section;  vith  title  thereto,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  article  six  of  the 
treaty  concluded  April  twentj'-niuth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-eight,  and  the 
agreement  with  said  Santeo  Sioux  approved  February  twenty-eighth,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  seventy-seven,  and  rights  under  the  same  in  all  other  respects  conform- 
ing to  this  act.  And  said  Santce  Sioux  shall  be  entitled  to  all  other  beneiits  under 
this  act  in  the  same  manner  and  with  the  same  conditions  as  if  they  were  residents 
npon  said  Sioux  Reservation,  receiving  rations  at  one  of  the  agencies  herein  named: 
i'rori(?e(Z;That  all  allotments  heretofore  made  to  said  Santee  Sioux  in  Nebraska  are 
hereby  ratified  and  conhrmed     *     *     *. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     725 

All  act  of  Congress  approved  January  19,  1891  (20  Stats.,  720),  con- 
tains this  xirovisiou : 

To  cuable  tlie  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  purcliase  lands  for  such  of  the  Sautee 
Sionx  Indians  in  Nebraska  as  have  been  unable  to  take  lands  inseyeralty  on  their 
reservation  in  Nebraska  by  reason  of  the  restoration  of  the  unallotted  lands  to  the 
public  domain,  $32,000. 

Tlie  Indian  appropriation  act  of  July  13,  1892  (27  Stats.,  145),  con- 
tains a  clause  provitting  as  follows: 

That  the  funds  now  in  the  Treasury  belonging  to  the  Sautee  Sioux  Indians  in  the 
State  of  Nebraska,  and  at  Flandroau,  in  the  State  of  South  Dakota,  resulting  from 
the  sale  of  lands  in  Minnesota,  and  $32,000,  heretofore  appropriated  to  purchase  lauds 
for  the  Sautee  Sioux  in  Nebraska,  who  have  not  received  allotments,  may,  in  the 
discretion  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  be  paid  in  cash. 

September  26,  1892,  the  Secretary  of  tlie  Interior  authorized  the  pay- 
ments in  cash  to  the  Santee  Sioux  Indians  of  certain  specified  sums  ot 
money  standing  to  their  credit  on  the  books  of  the  Treasury,  including 
the  $32,000  appropriated  by  act  of  January  19,  1891.  April  21,  1893, 
this  office  submitted  to  the  Department  a  schedule  of  the  names  of  the 
Santee  Sioux  Indians  entitled  to  share  in  the  $32,000  referred  to,  with 
the  amount  to  which  each  was  entitled,  with  recommendation  that  pay- 
ment be  made  accordingly.  The  authority  therefor  was  granted  and 
the  payment  has  been  made. 

SOUTHEEK  UTES. 

The  agreement  concluded  with  the  Southern  Ute  tribe  of  Indians 
November  13,  1888,  and  transmitted  by  the  Department  to  Congress 
with  draft  of  bill  January  11,  1889,  has  not  yet  been  ratified.  House 
bill  ISTo.  67,  Fifty-second  Congress,  first  session,  to  ratify  and  confirm 
said  agreement,  was  read  twice  and  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Indian 
Affairs,  but  does  not  appear  to  have  received  any  further  action. 

It  has  been  nearly  five  years  since  this  agreement  was  concluded, 
and  the  interests  of  the  Indians  render  it  very  important  that  some 
definite  action  in  regard  to  their  status  be  taken  at  an  early  day.  The 
unsettled  condition  of  mind  consequent  upon  this  inaction  naturally 
has  an  unfavorable  effect  upon  the  Indians,  and  is  doing  more  to  retard 
their  advancement  than  any  other  known  cause.  It  prevents  the  work 
of  allotment  and  creates  a  general  disinclination  to  agricultural  pur- 
suits or  home-making,  except  of  the  most  temporary  character. 

UPPER  AND  MIDDLE  BANDS  OF  SPOKANES. 

Congress,  by  act  of  July  13,  1892  (27  Stats.,  p.  120),  accepted,  ratified, 
and  confirmed  the  agreement  concluded  with  the  Upper  and  Middle 
bands  of  Spokane  Indians  March  18, 1887,  and  for  the  purpose  of  carry- 
ing the  same  into  effect  appropriated  $30,000  as  the  first  installment  of 
the  consideration  ($95,000)  mentioned  in  the  agreement.  This  $30,000 
was  appropriated  with  the  provision  that  it  should  be  expended  for  the 
benefit  of  those  Indians  who  should  remove  to  the  Cceur  d'Alcne  Res- 
ervation in  Idaho,  in  the  erection  of  houses,  assisting  them  in  breaking 
land,  in  the  purchase  of  cattle,  seeds,  agricultural  implements,  saw  and 
grist  mills,  clothing,  subsistence,  etc. 

As  the  said  agreement  provides  for  the  removal  of  some  of  these 
Indians  to  either  the  Colville  or  Jocko  reservations,  at  their  option, 


72G  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Congress  was  asked  to  amend  the  act  so  tliat  tlie  -830,000  appropriated 
luiglit  be  applied  to  their  benefit,  as  well  as  to  tlie  benefit  of  those 
removing  to  Canir  d'Alene.  Aecordingiy  the  act  approved  March  3, 
1893  (27  Stats.,  p.  012),  contains  a  clanse  providing  that  any  monej'S 
theretofore  appropriated  for  the  removal  of  the  Spokanes  to  "the  Coinr 
d'Alene  Eeservation  shall  be  extended  to  or  expended  for  such  members 
of  the  tribe  as  have  removed  or  shall  remove  to  the  Colville  or  Jocko 
reservations.  The  act  also  appropriates  §20,000  as  the  second  of  ten 
installments,  as  per  said  agreement,  to  be  expended  in  the  removal  of 
the  Spokanes  to  Coeur  d'Alene,  etc. 

Montgomery  Hardman,  of  Spokane,  Wash.,  was  appointed  special 
agent  to  remove  these  Indians  to  Coeur  d'Alene.  He  was  given  full  and 
explicit  instructions  in  the  matter  September  14,  1892,  and  after  an 
examination  of  the  situation  reported  that  it  was  hardly  possible  to 
locate  the  Si)okanes  on  the  Canir  d'Alene  Eeservation  in  permanent 
homes  upon  one  tract  without  in  some  measure  interfering  with  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  Indians.  But  as  Article  2  of  said  agreement  provides 
that  the  Spokanes  shall  be  permitted  to  select  their  farms  and 
homes  on  a  tract  of  land  to  be  laid  off  and  surveyed  and  the  bound- 
aries marked  in  a  i)lain  and  substantial  manner,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  on  said  Coeur  d'Alene  Eeservation, 
Special  Agent  T.  P.  Smith  was  recently  instructed  to  proceed  to  that 
reservation  at  his  earliest  opportunity  and,  in  conjunction  with  Sx)ecial 
Agent  Hardman  and  the  TJ.  S.  Indian  agent  of  the  Colville  Agency, 
Washington,  to  lay  off  and  describe  therein  a  tract  for  the  Spokanes, 
and  to  explaiu  the  whole  matter  in  council  to  the  Cceur  d'Alenes. 

Owing  to  the  deatli  of  Agent  Eonan,  of  the  Flathead  Agency, 
Special  Agent  Smith  was  recalled  from  these  duties  and  ordered  to  take 
charge  of  that  agency.  The  acting  agent  of  the  Colville  Agency  was  at 
the  same  time  instructed  to  i^erform  jointly  with  Special  Agent  Hard- 
jnan  the  duties  previously  assigned  to  Special  Agent  Smith.  Some 
opposition  having  been  shown  by  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  in  the  matter  of 
selecting  lands  for  the  Spokanes,  the  business  has  been  temporarily  sus- 
pended. 

STOCIvBEIDGE  AND  MUNSEE  INDIANS  IN  WISCONSIN. 

Perhaps  there  is  no  tribe  of  Indians  in  the  United  States  whose 
alfairs  have  been  so  complicated  and  confused  as  the  Stockbridge  and 
Munsoe  tribe  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin.  Their  troubles  have  been  due 
to  internal  dissensions  engendered  and  kept  alive  by  the  intrigues  of 
ambitious  members  of  opposing  factions  of  the  tribes;  to  the  intermed- 
ling  of  designing  white  men  living  in  the  vicinity  of  their  reservation, 
who  have  sought  to  make  monej'  out  of  the  timber  on  the  reservation ; 
and  to  unwise  legislation  enacted  upon  the  representations  of  interested 
parties,  who  claimed  that  it  was  for  the  purpose  of  healing  the  divisions 
existing  among  the  leading  elementsof  the  tribe,  but  which  really  made 
the  situation  more  perplexing  and  intricate. 

The  troubles  of  these  Indians  began  in  1831  with  the  treaty  of  that 
year  between  the  United  States  and  the  Menomonee  tribe  of  Indians 
(7  Stats,7  342)  by  an  amendment  to  which  a  reservation  of  two  town- 
ships of  land  was  made  "  for  the  use  of  the  Stockbridge  and  Munsee 
tribes."  In  order  to  settle  the  dissensions  that  existed  among  the  mem- 
bers of  the  tribes  named,  treaties  were  entered  into  with  them  on  Sep- 
tember 3, 1839  (7  Stats.,  580),  November  3, 1818  (9  Stats.,  955),  and  Feb- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     727 

ruary  5,  ISoG  (11  Stats.,  CG3).  In  tlie  meantime  acts  of  Congress, having 
in  view  tlie  same  purpose,  were  approved  on  Marcli  3,  1843  (5  Stats., 
Gl'i),  under  which  each  and  every  member  of  the  tribes  became  a  citi- 
zen of  the  United  States  January  1,  1844;  August  6,  184G  (9  Stats. 
55),  repealing  the  act  of  1843,  and  restoring  thelndiansto  their  ancient 
form  of  tribal  government;  and  February  G,  1871  (IG  Stats.,  404),  pro- 
viding for  the  division  of  the  tribe  by  the  admission  of  some  to  citizen- 
ship and  the  taking  of  a  census  of  those  who  were  to  remain  in  tribal 
relations. 

I  do  uot  deem  it  necessary  here  to  enter  largely  into  a  discussion  of 
the  iirovisions  of  all  the  various  treaties  and  acts  above  cited  and  the 
eflect  of  each;  but  will  briefly  state  the  provisions  of  the  treaty  of 
185G  and  the  act  of  1871,  and  the  effect  of  the  execution  of  the  latter. 
The  treaty  of  1848  provided  for  the  patentiug  of  certain  tracts  to  mem- 
bers of  the  tribe  and  for  their  admission  to  citizenship  in  the  United 
States.  This  the  parties  affected  claimed  was  without  their  consent 
and  against  their  desire;  so  the  treaty  of  1S5G  was  made  for  the  avowed 
purpose  of  fixing  the  membership  of  the  tribe,  and  it  provided  for  the 
admission  to  rights  therein  of  all  who  were  recognized  as  members 
under  the  treaty  of  1839,  including  those  who  became  separate  in  inter- 
est from  the  tribe  under  the  provisions  of  that  treaty,  and  their 
descendants. 

This  treaty  was  signed  by  fonr-fifths  of  the  adult  members  of  the 
tribe,  and  it  would  perhaps  have  forever  settled  the  troubles  of  the 
Stockbridges  and  Munsees  had  it  uot  been  that  the  small  minority  who 
refused  to  sign  it  continued  to  foment  discord,  until  through  their 
efforts  the  matter  became  involved  in  the  local  politics  of  the  State. 
This  fact  enabled  the  small  disaffected  element  to  secure  the  passage 
by  Congress  of  the  act  of  1871,  which,  as  executed,  entirely  unsettled 
the  arrangement  of  the  affairs  of  the  tribe  under  the  treaty  of  185C, 
and  took  away  vested  rights  acquired  by  many  of  the  tribe  under  said 
treaty.  People  who  had  always  been  recognized  as  Stockbridges  or 
Munsees  were  deprived  of  their  rights  to  tribal  property,  and  in  the 
funds  of  the  tribe,  because  of  the  fact  that  they  had  selected  lands  for 
allotment  uuder  the  treaty  of  185G,  some  of  which  lands  were  real- 
lotted  to  parties  who  were  favored  in  the  execution  of  the  act  of  1871. 

Ever  since  1874,  when  the  rolls  provided  for  by  the  said  act  of  1871 
were  transmitted  to  this  ofiice  by  the  special  commissioner  appointed 
to  take  the  census,  the  parties  who  had  been  deprived  of  their  rights 
have  persistently  and  continuously  urged  upon  the  Government  the 
fact  that  injustice  has  been  done  them  and  the  importance  of  some 
action  by  Congress  to  correct  the  wrong.  In  the  meantime  their  oppo- 
nents in  the  tribe  have  been  as  active  in  their  efforts  to  prevent  legis- 
lation in  their  behalf,  and  to  secure  other  legislation  by  which  the 
affairs  of  the  tribe  would  be  settled  in  such  manner  as  to  forever  cut 
them  off  from  any  likelihood  of  receiving  any  benefit  from  the  common 
or  tribal  property.  In  1891  an  act  was  i^assed  by  Congress  less  than 
ten  days  prior  to  adjournment,  which  would  have  had  this  effect;  but 
it  never  became  a  law,  the  office  reporting  strongly  against  its  approval, 
and  the  President  not  having  approved  it  at  the  exx^iration  of  the  Fifty- 
first  Congress. 

Bills  have  been  time  and  again  introduced  in  Congress  having  in 
view  the  correction  of  the  wrongs  that  have  been  done  the  aggrieved 
element  of  the  tribe,  but  they  have  been  met  with  such  strong  aggres- 
sive opposition  either  in  the  Senate  or  House  of  Eepresentatives  that 
none  were  ever  enacted  into  law  until  on  March  3,  1893,  the  President 


728  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

approved  "An  act  for  the  relief  of  the  Stockbridge  and  Munsee  tribe 
of  Indians  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin  "  (27  Stats.,  744),  which  provides 
as  follows: 

Wliereas  a  treaty  was  entered  into  on  the  fifth  day  of  Fchrnary  eighteen  hundred 
and  fifty-six,  by  and  between  the  Government  of  the  United  States  and  the  Stock- 
bridge  and  Munsee  Indians,  in  which  the  said  Indians  ceded  certain  hinds  to  the 
United  States,  and  accepted  in  consideration  thereof  certain  Lands  as  a  reservation, 
to  which  said  Indians  removed,  and  upon  which  they  have  ever  since  resided;  and 

Whereas  by  the  interpretation  placed  by  Government  officials  on  the  act  of  Feb- 
ruary sixth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-one,  an  act  for  the  relief  of  said  Indians, 
a  larVe  part  of  said  Indians  (and  their  descendants)  who  signed  said  treaty  of  eighteen 
hundred  and  fifty-sis,  and  have  continued  with  said  tribe  from  the  making  of 
said  treaty  to  the  present  time,  are  excluded  from  participating  in  tribal  funds  and 
the  right  to  occupy  said  reservation:  Therefore 

JJe  it  enacted  hy  the  Senate  and  House  of  Kcpresentatircs  of  the  United  States  of  Anerica 
in  Congress  assemhJed,  That  all  persons  who  Avere  actual  members  of  said  tribe  of 
Indians  at  the  time  of  the  execution  of  the  treaty  of  February  fifth,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  fifty-six,  and  their  descendants,  and  all  persons  who  became  members  of 
the  tribe  under  the  provisions  of  article  sis  of  said  treaty,  and  their  descendants, 
who  did  not  in  and  by  said  treaty,  and  have  not  since  its  execution,  separated  from 
said  tribe,  are  hereby  declared  members  of  said  Stockbridge  and  Munsee  tribe  of 
Indians  and  entitled  to  their  pro  rata  share  in  tribal  funds  and  in  the  occupancy  of 
tribal  lands;  and  all  members  who  entered  into  possession  of  lands  under  the  allot- 
ments of  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-six  and  of  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-one,  and 
who  by  themselves  or  by  their  lawful  heirs  have  resided  on  said  lauds  continuously 
since,  are  hereby  declared  to  be  owners  of  such  lands  in  fee  simple,  in  severalty,  and 
the  Government  shall  issue  iiatents  to  them  therefor. 

Sec.  2.  That  it  sh.all  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  without  unneces- 
sary delay  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  to  cause  to  be  taken  an  enrollment  of  said 
tribe  on  the  basis  of  the  ]>rovisions  of  this  act,  which  eni-ollmeut  shall  lie  filed,  a 
copy  in  the  Department  of  the  Interior  and  a  copy  in  the  records  of  said  tribe:  Fro- 
vkled.  That  in  all  cases  where  allotments  of  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-one  shaU 
conflict  with  allotments  of  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-six,  the  latter  shall  prevail. 

Under  date  of  April  22,  1893,  a  draft  of  instructions  for  the  guidauce 
of  the  persons  to  be  designated  by  the  Uepartment  to  make  the  enrol- 
ment provided  for  in  the  law,  as  above  quoted,  was  transmitted  for  the 
approval  of  the  Secretary,  and  the  same  was  api^roved  Jnly  7,  1893. 
jNIr.  C.  C.  Painter,  agent  of  the  Indian  Eights  Association,  has  been 
detailed  to  do  the  work.  The  act  carries  no  appropriation  to  pay  for 
the  making  of  the  enrollment,  and  Mr.  Painter's  expenses  will  have  to 
be  paid  out  of  the  appropriation  for  the  contingencies  of  the  Indian 
Department. 

THE  WENATCHEE  FISHEEY. 

By  the  tenth  article  of  the  Yakama  treaty  of  June  9, 1855  (12  Stats., 
954),  there  was  reserved  and  set  apart  from  the  lands  ceded  by  the 
treaty,  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  said  Indians — 

A  tract  of  land  not  exceeding  iu  quantity  one  township  of  6  miles  square  situated 
at  the  forks  of  the  Pisquouse  or  Weuatshapam  River,  and  known  as  the  Wenat- 
shapam  fishery,  which  said  reservation  shall  be  surveyed  and  marked  out  whenever 
the  I'resident'may  direct,  and  be  subject  to  the  same  iirovisious  and  restrictions  as 
other  Indian  reservations. 

July  19,  1892,  Jay  Lynch,  agent  for  the  Yakama  Indians,  on  their 
behalf,  called  attention  to  this  provision  of  the  treaty  and  asked  whether 
or  not  said  tract  of  land  had  ever  been  surveyed  and  definitely  located 
and  marked  out  as  provided  in  said  treaty.  The  records  of  the  ofticc 
failed  to  disclose  any  information  of  such  a  survey  or  even  the  location 
of  the  tract,  and  upon  incpiiry  made  of  the  Indians  they  were  equally 
ignorant  respecting  its  status. 

August  27, 1892,  the  facts  were  reported  to  the  Department,  and  request 
raade'that  authority  be  given  the  Indian  agent,  to  visit  the  locality  of 
said  "  fishery  "  as  described  in  the  treaty,  and  to  locate  the  same  by  metes 
and  bounds,  or  by  natural  objects,  taking  care  not  to  interfere  with  the 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR,     729 

vested  riglits  of  auy  settlers  or  otlier  parties  who  miglit  be  located 
tliereoii.  The  aiitliority  beiii,^  granted,  the  agent  was  duly  instruc_-ted 
on  the  8th  of  September  to  visit  and  definitely  locate  the  tract  of  land, 
so  that  it  might  be  surf^veyed  and  marked  out,  under  the  directions  of 
the  President,  as  the  treaty  stipulated.  This  was  done,  and  report  of 
his  action  was  made  October  24.  The  tract  of  land  recommended  by 
him  as  the  land  to  be  set  apart  was  substantially  the  reservation  pro- 
vided for  in  the  treaty,  and  is  described  as  follows : 

Commencing  at  a  point  on  tlie  right  bank  or  west  shore  of  Lalie  Wenatchee,  1^ 
miles  by  the  sliore  line  from  the  right  banli  of  the  river  Wenatchee,  where  ifc  leaves 
(not  enters)  the  iake;  thence  in  a  southwesterly  direction  to  a  point  1+  miles  duo 
southwest  from  the  month  of  the  river;  thence  sonthcastwardlj",  parallel  to  the  gen- 
eral conrse  of  the  river,  10  miles;  thence  in  a  northeasterly  direction,  and  across 
said  river,  3  miles;  thence  in  a  northwesterly  direction,  parallel  to  the  general  course 
of  the  river,  to  the  lake;  thence  in  a  direct  line  across  the  lake  to  the  place  of  begin- 
ning, provided  the  area  does  not  exceed  the  quantity  of  6  miles  square,  limited  by 
the  treaty. 

On  the  recommendation  of  this  office,  November  21, 1892,  the  Depart- 
ment requested  the  President  to  authorize  a  survey  to  be  made  by  the 
surveyor-general  of  Washington,  under  the  su])ervision  of  the  Yakania 
Indian  agent,  of  the  tract  of  land  above  described,  allowing  him,  how- 
ever, to  make  such  divergence  from  the  above-described  outboundaries 
as  in  his  judgment  the  topography  of  the  land  might  demand,  provided 
that  the  lines  surveyed  and  marked  out  when  comi^leted  shouUl 
embrace  the  whole  of  the  land  contemx^lated  to  be  set  apart  by  tlie 
treaty  and  approximately  near  the  area  named  therein.  This  authority 
was  granted  by  the  President  November  28,  1892,  and  the  survey  is 
jiow  being  made  by  the  surveyor-general  of  Washington  under 
instructions  from  the  General  Land  Oftice. 

Tills  action  has  aroused  the  fears  of  the  inhabitants  for  miles  around 
Tliey  have  appealed  to  tins  office,  the  Department,  and  the  President 
to  revoke  the  order  and  to  cancel  the  contract  for  the  survey;  they 
declare  that  it  is  unnecessary  and  a  needless  expense;  that  there  are 
no  fish  to  be  had  in  the  waters  of  the  Wenatchee,  and  that  if  there 
were  fish  in  abundance  there  are  no  Indians  to  be  benefited  by  the 
lisliery;  also,  that  the  establishment  of  such  a  reservation  will  cut  off 
all  intercourse  between  the  residents  in  the  valley  and  sadly  interfere 
with  all  means  of  reaching  a  market  for  their  products,  and  will  deter 
emigration  to  that  portion  of  the  State. 

It  appears  that  the  action  taken  by  the  Department  in  ordering  the 
survey  of  this  tract  of  land  is  but  the  fulfillment  of  a  treaty  obligation 
that  has  been  overlooked  or  neglected  for  thirty  years,  and  is  but  a 
com])liance  with  the  request  of  the  Indians  that  the  provisions  of  tlie 
tenth  article  of  their  treaty  be  carried  into  effect.  I  doubt,  however, 
from  the  foi-midable  protests  that  have  been  and  are  being  made  against 
the  fulfillment  of  this  treaty  obligation,  whether  it  would  not  have  been 
a  more  satisfactory  course  to  have  given  these  Indians  a  money  consid- 
eration for  the  relinquishment  of  their  claims  to  said  "fishery,"  and  I 
am  informed  that  a  numerously  signed  petition  is  being  circulated  in 
the  vicinity,  to  be  forwarded  to  the  Department,  asking  that  negotia- 
tions be  entered  into  with  the  Indians  for  a  cession  of  this  land. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  these  Indians  have  not  heretofore  exercised 
any  rights  in  the  "fishery;"  that  the  privilege  is  not  now  needed  by 
the  Indians;  that  the  land  reserved  is  being  rapidly  settled  upon;  and 
that  the  Great  Northern  Eailroad  is  extending  its  system  in  that  direc- 
tion, I  resi)ectfully  recommend  that  negotiations  be  had  with  the  in- 
dians  for  the  cession  of  all  their  rights  to  said  tract  of  land  and  fishery 
as  set  forth  in  the  tenth  article  of  the  treaty  of  June  9,  1855. 


730  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


YUMA  EESERYATIOK,  CAL. 


The  right  of  way  granted  by  the  act  of  February  15, 1893  (27  Stats., 
45G),  to  the  Colorado  River  Irrigation  Compauj',  for  a  canal  through 
the  Yuma  Eeservation,  rendered  available  for  agricultural  purposes 
lands  which  would  otherwise  be  of  little  value,  and  removed  the  princi- 
pal obstacle  which  had  theretofore  stood  in  the  way  of  agricultural 
pursuits  among  the  Yuma  Indians.  My  predecessor,  therefore,  by  let- 
ter of  February  14, 1893,  recommended  that  the  authority  of  the  Presi- 
dent be  asked  for  the  allotment  of  lands  in  severalty  on  that  reserva- 
tion, under  the  ];)rovisions  of  the  general  allotment  act  as  amended  by 
the  act  of  February  28,  1891  (20  Stats.,  791),  and  for  the  necessary 
resurveys.  He  also  recommended  that  Special  Agent  William  M. 
Jenkins  be  assigned  to  the  work  of  making  the  allotments. 

The  said  letter  having  been  returned  by  Department  indorsement  of 
August  2,  1893,  for  further  consideration  and  recommendation,  it  has 
been  deemed  unadvisableto  renew  said  recommendation  until  after  the 
irrigating  canal  shall  have  been  made. 

As  the  cession  of  a  i)ortiou  of  their  reservation  would  i;)romote  the 
construction  of  the  canal  and  thus  further  the  interests  of  the  Indians, 
this  office  by  letter  dated  September  1, 1893,  recommended  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  commission  of  three  persons  to  conduct  negotiations  with  the 
Yuma  Indians  for  the  cession  of  such  portion  of  tlieir  reservation  as 
they  may  be  willing  to  relinquish. 

Yery  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

D.  M.  BEOWNiNa, 


The  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


Commissioner. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS. 

Department  of  the  Interior, 
United  States  Patent  Office, 

Washington,  D.  C,  JSFovemher  (J,  1893. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  of  the  business 
of  this  office  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  .30,  1893: 

API^LTCATIOXS    AXD    CAA'EATS   RECKIVED. 

Applicatious  for  letters  iiatent 39,  539 

Applications  for  design  patents 1,  201 

Applications  for  reissue  patents Ill 

A])})licatioiis  for  registration  of  trade-marks 2,  282 

Ai)plications  for  registration  of  laV.els 451 

Applicatious  for  registration  of  prints 2 

Caveats 2,  349 

Total 45,938 

TATKXTS   GKAXTED   AND   TKADE-MAIIKS,    LABKI.S,    AXD    nUXTS    RliGISTEIiED. 

Letters  patent  granted  (including  reissues  and  designs) 23,  471 

Trade-marks  registered 1,  884 

Labels  registered None 

Prints  registered 1 

Total 25,  356 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


731 


PATENTS    WITHHELD   ^VXD   PATENTS   EXPIRED. 

Letters  patent  withlield  for  nonpayment  of  final  fee 3.  079 

Letters  jiatent  expired 13,  G72 

RECEIPTS   AND  EXPENDITURES. 

Receipts  from  all  sources $1, 288,  809. 07 

Expenditures  (including  jirinting  and  binding,  stationery,  and  con- 
tingent expenses) 1,  111,  411. 22 

Siirplus 177,361.83 

CO:MPArvATlVE    STATEMENT. 


June  30,  1889. 
June  30,  1890. 
JuueSO,  18:n. 
Jinie30,  1892. 
Juue  30,  1893. 


Kcccipts. 


$1,186,557.22 
1.347,203.21 
1,  302,  794.  59 
1,208,727.35 
1, 288,  809. 07 


Expenditures. 


$939,  G97. 24 
1,081,173.50 
1, 145.  502.  90 
1,114,134.23 
1,  111,  444.  22 


APPLICATIONS  FOR  PATENTS,  INCLUDING   REISSUES,  DESIGN.S,  TRADE-M.VRKS,  LAF.ELS, 

AND   PRINTS. 

June  30,  1889 39.  702 

Juue  30,  1890 43^  810 

June  30,  1891 43,  616 

June  30,  1802 43,  544 

Juue  30,  1893 43,  589 

APPLICATIONS    AWAITING    ACTION   ON   THE    PART   OF   THE    OFFICE. 

July  1,  1889 7,  073 

July  1,  1890 0.  585 

July  1,1891 8,911 

July  1,  1892 9.  447 

July  1,  1893 8,  283 

BALANCE  IN  THE   TREASURY   OF   THE    UNITED   STATES   ON   ACCOUNT   OF   THE   PATENT 

FUND. 

Juno  30,  1892 $4, 102,  441. 09 

June  30,  1893 177,  364.  85 


Total 4,279,805.94 

While  impressed  ^itli  the  necessity  of  administering  this  office  with 
strict  ecouomv,  I  liave  found  that  the  proper  development  of  the  patent 
system  demands  two  important  additions  to  the  resources  of  this  office 
in  order  that  it  maj',  on  the  one  hand,  properly  assist  every  api)licant 
who  is  found  to  have  invented  or  discovered  an  improvemeut  to  obtain 
his  patent,  and,  on  the  other  haud,  in  the  interest  of  the  public,  to  pre- 
vent the  is.sue  of  dui)licate  or  otherwise  invalid  patents.  The  first  of 
these  suggested  changes  is  intended  to  provide  a  philosophical  classi- 
fication of  the  533,077  patents  which  have  been  already  issued,  together 
^nth  the  entire  mass  of  foreign  patents  and  printed  publications  which 
constitute  the  field  of  search  iu  the  case  of  every  application  made  to 
this  office.  I  accordingly  submitted  estimates  in  a  recent  official  paper, 
recommending  a  clas.sification  division,  consisting  of  the  following  addi- 
tional force,  and  that  recommendation  I  now  renew: 

1  chief  of  classification  diyision $2,  750 

2  first  assistant  examiners  (each) 1,  800 

2  second  assistant  examincr.s  (each) 1,  600 

3  third  assistant  examiners  (eacli) 1,  400 

3G  fourth  assistant  examiners  (each) 1,  200 

2  clerks(each) 1,  200 

2  permanent  clerks  (each) 1,  000 

2  copyists  (each) 900 

2  assistant  messengers  (each) 720 


732  TAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

It  is  estimated  tliat  tlic  carrying  out  of  this  miist  careful  work  would 
occui)y  several  years,  xi  further  part  of  the  work  of  such  a  divisiou 
would  be  the  distribution  of  the  applications  as  they  are  received 
among  the  thirty-two  examiniug  divisions  of  the  Office  according  to  the 
classification  established.  It  is  considered  that  this  work  of  classifica- 
tion is  at  once  the  most  difficult  and  discrirainating,  as  well  as  the 
most  necessary,  that  can  be  undertaken  in  this  Office.  For  want  of 
such  a  classification  applications  are  passed  to  issue  from  the  various 
divisions  under  different  titles,  but  for  inventions  so  similar  as  to  ren- 
der the  patents  invalid.  For  the  chief  of  this  division  a  salary  of 
$2,750.  was  recommended — somewhat  larger  than  that  of  a  primary 
examiner — in  order  that  the  best  available  talent  in  the  Office  may  be 
secured  for  it.  Thirty-two  of  the  thirty-six  fourth  assistant  examiners 
recommended  would  be  assigned  lo  work  in  the  existing  examining 
divisio]is,  and  as  a  part  of  their  work  would  have  charge  of  the  divisiou 
of  classification  as  well  as  of  the  main  work  of  the  new  division  to  be 
established.  The  advantages  of  this  work  in  advancing  the  purpose 
of  this  Office — to  grant  no  invalid  patents — will  be  great;  l3ut  the 
advantage  to  the  public  in  protecting  industries  from  the  attacks  of 
the  holders  of  invalid  patents  will  be  far  greater. 

A  necessary  incident  for  the  carrying  out  of  this  policy  is  a  more 
comprehensive  scientific  library — one  to  be  not  inferior  to  the  i)rivate 
libraries  of  inventors  and  publicists  and  of  scientific  institutions  out- 
side the  Office.  To  this  end  an  expenditure  of  $10,000  in  place  of  the 
$2,000  appropriated  for  the  current  year,  a  considerable  part  of  which 
is  devoted  to  the  transportation  of  our  patents  and  publications  to  for- 
eign countries,  would  be  required.  A  list  of  the  present  pressing  needs 
of  the  library  has  been  carefully  prepared,  and  it  shows  that  for  the 
purchase  of  books  the  sum  of  $9,207  is  required,  leaving  but  a  few  hun- 
dred dollars  to  meet  current  exigencies  as  they  arise. 

A  second  resource,  made  necessary  by  the  policy  herein  outlined,  is 
to  provide  in  a  systematic  manner  for  the  examination  of  industries  to 
which  patents  pertain  as  they  actually  exist  in  the  country  at  large. 
At  present  a  patent  goes  to  issue  upon  the  result  of  a  search  among 
books  and  documents.  The  disparity  between  industries  as  thus 
exhibited  and  the  industries  as  actually  conducted  in  factories  and  in 
commerce  is  often  wide.  It  is  considered  of  great  importance  that  some 
part  of  the  examining  force  should  have  temporary  details  to  study  the 
industries  of  their  divisions  as  they  exist  in  fiict,  and  for  this  purpose 
an  expenditure  of  81,250  would  be  reasonable. 

An  expenditure  of  $750  a  year  is  necessary  to  provide  for  the  trans- 
portation of  patents  and  publications  to  foreign  countries  and  to 
enable  the  Office  to  accept  foreign  exchanges.  The  Patent  Office  is 
frequently  compelled  to  decline  valuable  foreign  exchanges  because  of 
insufficient  means  to  pay  the  transportation  expenses. 

Seventy-six  copyists  in  this  Office  receive  a  salary  of  $720  a  year.  In 
every  other  bureiiu  of  this  Department  and  in  nearly  all  bureaus  of 
other  Departments  this  class  of  employes  receives  a  uniform  salary  of 
$900.  It  results  that  many  of  the  most  competent  clerks  obtain  trans- 
fers to  other  bureaus,  leaving  this  Office  at  the  disadvantage  of  a  con- 
stant preference  against  it  in  this  regard.  It  is  desirable  that  the 
salaries  of  all  copyists  be  equalized  at  $900. 

The  issue  of  the  Official  Gazette  of  the  Patent  Office  might  with 
advantage  be  somewhat  enlarged  to  enable  that  publication  to  be  fur- 
nished free  to  small  libraries  other  than  public  libraries,  when  they  are 
accessible  to  mechanics,  inventors,  or  students.    The  present  reqirire- 


EEPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     733 

mcnt  is  that  the  libraries  should  be  free  in  order  to  have  the  Gazette 
free;  but  this  excludes  nearly  all  those  maiutained  by  associations, 
trades,  and  business  establishments  for  the  benefit  of  those  connected 
with  them.  The  regular  i)iibli cations  of  the  Government  should  be 
free  to  as  large  a  class  as  is  willing  to  read  them. 

The  overcrowded  and  congested  condition  of  this  Office  as  an  obstacle 
to  the  transaction  of  the  public  business  has  been  repeatedly  referred 
to  by  former  Commissioners,  particularly  by  Mr.  Mitchell  in  his  rejiort 
to  the  Secretary  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1889,  and  by  Mr. 
Simonds  in  his  report  to  Congress  for  the  year  ending  December  31, 
1891.  With  the  growth  of  the  Office,  itis  w^orse  to-day  than  ever  before  iu 
the  history  of  the  system.  The  crowding  of  the  employes  and  the  defects 
of  ventilation,  light,  and  heat  are  such  as  are  not  tolerated  in  private 
business  establishments  and  would  not  be  permitted  by  any  factory 
inspector  in  a  State  having  factory  laws.  In  my  judgment  it  is  not 
only  a  public  loss  but  a  daily  wrong  to  the  employes  of  the  Govern- 
ment. It  will  never  be  righted  nor  can  the  public  business  be  trans- 
acted with  reasonable  dispatch  until  the  Bureau  is  accorded  the  exclu- 
sive occupancy  of  the  Patent  Office  or  until  a  new  and  comodious  Patent 
Office  building  is  authorized  and  built. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

John  S.  Seymour, 

Co7nmissionero 

The  Secretary^  of  the  Interior. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  C0:^IMISSI01s"EE  OF  PENSIONS. 

depart3ient  of  the  interior, 

Bureau  of  Pensions, 
Washington,  ISeptember  15, 1693. 
Sir:  The  number  of  pensioners  on  tlie  rolls  June  30,  1892,  was 
87!;,0G8.  During  the  year  since  that  date  121,030  new  i^ensioners  were 
put  upon  the  rolls,  2,001  who  had  previously  been  dropped  were  re- 
stored, and  33,090  were  dropped  for  death  and  other  causes.  The  net 
increai-e  of  pensioners  daring  the  year  was  89,944,  and  on  June  30, 1893, 
the  number  of  i)ensioners  on  the  rolls  was  906,012. 

INCREASE   AND   DECREASE. 

The  increase  and  decrease  among  the  various  classes  of  pensioners 
was  as  follows : 

Increase. — Nurses,  284;  invalid  Army  pensioners  under  the  act  of 
June  27,  1890,  81,350;  Army  widows  and  dependents  under  the  same 
act,  33,142;  invalid  Navy  pensioners  under  the  same  act,  2,785;  Navy 
widows  and  dependents  under  the  same  act,  1,197 ;  widows  of  soldiers  of 
the  Mexican  war,  87;  soldiers  of  Indian  wars,  2,544;  widows  of  soldiers 
of  Indian  wars,  1,338. 

Decrease. — Invalid  Army  pensioners  for  disabilities  of  service  origin, 
including  persons  pensioned  by  special  acts,  29,090;  widows  and  de- 
pendents of  such  pensioners,  1,041;  Navy  pensioners  of  same  class, 
204;  widows  and  dependents  of  such  Navy  pensioners,  17;  survivors  of 
the  War  of  1812,  79;  widows  of  soldiers  of  the  War  of  1812,  1,220; 
soldiers  of  the  War  with  Mexico,  1,006. 


734:  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Duriii.c  tlic  same  year  24,715  claims  for  increase  of  pension  and 
31 ,1190  claims  for  additional  pension  under  the  act  of  June  27,  ISDO, 
were  allowed;  and  115,221  claims  for  pension  and  for  increase  were 
rejected.  On  July  7, 1893,  there  were  undisposed  of  and  awaiting  action, 
or  in  different  stages  of  preparation  and  advancement,  original  claims 
for  pension,  and  cJaims  for  increase,  etc.,  to  the  number  of  711,150. 

Eleven  bounty  laud  warrants  were  issued  during  the  year;  and  2i)8 
claims  for  land  warrants  were  rejected;  and  113  such  claims  were  peiul- 
ing  at  the  close  of  the  year. 

MONEYS  PAID  FOE,  PENSIONS. 

The  amount  of  money  paid  for  pensions  during  the  year  was  §15G,- 
710,407.14.  The  salaries  of  the  pension  agents,  with  their  clerk  hire, 
rents,  fuel,  lights,  and  contingent  expenses,  amounted  to  $520,042.  The 
payments  have  been  made  with  celerity  and  dispatch  and  with- 
out loss  to  the  Government.  Examining  surgeons  have  been  paid 
$888,233.37  within  the  year,  and  with  $105.00  recovered  during  the  year 
on  account  of  erroneous  payments,  there  was  an  available  balance  of 
$301,871.03  of  the  appropriation  for  the  fiscal  year  1893.  The  balances 
of  all  the  appropriations  for  pensions,  and  the  other  expenses  incident 
thereto,  at  the  close  of  the  year  was  $2,437,371.40. 

During  the  same  year  there  has  been  paid  fees  of  examining  sur- 
geons for  1891,  $381,918.83,  and  for  1892,  $370,094.88,  and  for  clerk  hire 
in  United  States  pension  agencies  in  1892,  $3,700.83,  from  the  appro- 
priations for  those  years,  respectively. 

The  accompanying  tables,  most  of  which  were  prepared  by  the  chief 
of  the  finance  division,  are  full,  and  show  the  work  of  the  Bureau  and 
its  expenditures  for  the  past  year  and  the  present  condition  of  the 
pension  roll. 

APPROPRIATIONS. 

The  appropriations  already  made  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1894? 
will,  in  my  judgment,  be  ample,  except  that  an  additional  appropria- 
tion of  $300,000  should  be  made  for  the  per  diem  and  expenses  of 
special  examiners.  The  work  of  the' special  examination  division  has 
increased,  and  it  is  most  important,  as  will  be  shown  furtlier  on  in  this 
report.  It  is  probable  that  an  additional  appropriation  will  be  neces- 
sary to  provide  for  the  payment  of  the  fees  and  expenses  of  examining 
surgeons  for  the  current  year.  These  boards,  selected  with  care  and 
intended  to  be  composed  of  the  most  competent  and  reputable  surgeons, 
make  personal  examinations  of  applicants  for  pensions,  and  their  re- 
ports of  the  results  of  such  examinations  constitute  the  most  important 
evidence  in  the  adjudication  of  claims,  and  especially  in  respect  to 
ratings  where  pensions  are  allowed. 

The  estimates  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1895,  have  already  been 
submitted.  If  these  were  based  wholly  on  the  experience  of  former 
years  and  the  capacity  of  the  force  of  the  Bureau  to  handle  cases 
through  the  former  stages  of  examination  to  allowance,  the  result  Avould 
be  a  nuich  larger  estimate.  But  1895  is  thirty  years  after  the  close  of 
the  civil  war.  The  pension  roll,  in  view  of  its  size,  compared  with  the 
luimber  of  men  enrolled  in  that  war  will,  in  my  opinion,  by  that  time 
have  reached  its  highest  limit  and  begin  to  decrease.  The  falling  off 
in  the  presentation  "of  new  claims  appears  from  the  fact,  shown  by  the 
last  report  of  my  predecessor  (p.  11),  that  there  were  on  October  12, 
1892,  788,001  claims  pending  in  the  Bureau,  while,  as  before  stated,  on 
July  7,  1893— not  quite  nine  months  later— the  nuuiber  of  claims  pend- 
ing'had  been  reduced  to  711,150.  It  is  apparent,  therefore,  that  the 
filing  of  new  claims  and  claims  for  increase  has  ceased  to  exceed  the 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     735 

niiinber  of  cases  disposed  of  by  the  work  of  the  Bureau,  and  that  a 
rapid  diminution  in  the  number  of  ne^y  claims  may  be  expected. 
The  estimates  for  the  year  1895  are  as  follows  : 

For  pensions $160,000,000 

P"or  surgeons'  fees 2,  000,  000 

Fou  salaries  of  pension  agents *      72,  000 

For  clerk  hire  at  pension  agencies 500,  000 

For  fuel  at  pension  agenciL's : 750 

For  lights  at  pension  agencies 750 

For  rents  at  pension  agencies 23,  070 

For  contingent  expenses 35,  000 

Total - 162,631,570 

The  experience  during  the  time  that  will  yet  elapse  before  appropria- 
tions for  next  year  need  be  made,  will,  it  is  hoped,  give  such  light  as 
will  admit  of  the  making  of  a  closer  estimate. 

PENSION  LAWS. 

A  codification  of  our  pension  laws,  with  such  slight  changes  as  will 
make  them  harmonious,  is  much  needed.  At  present  they  consist  ot 
many  seperate  acts,  framed  with  little  reference  to  each  other,  and  often 
giving  rise  to  perplexing  questions,  such  as  the  question  whether  pen- 
sion accrued  but  not  paid  at  the  death  of  a  pensioner  shall  go  to  his 
wadow  and  minor  children,  or  in  x)ayment  of  expenses  of  last  sickness 
and  burial,  or  be  paid  in  the  discretion  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
to  the  legal  representatives  of  the  deceased  pensioner,  or  shall  lapse. 

Aside  from  special  acts  granting  pensions  to  individuals,  these  laws 
enacted  prior  to  the  act  of  June  27, 1890,  so  far  as  they  related  to  service 
in  the  w^ar  of  the  rebellion,  granted  pensions  with  reference  to  rank,  in 
most  cases,  and  to  disabilities  of  service  origin.  For  many  specific  dis- 
abilities Congress  designated  special  rates  of  pension,  and  provided  gen- 
erally that  for  inferior  disabilities  of  a  permanent  character  amounts 
proportionate  to  that  provided  for  total  disability  should  be  granted. 
Under  this  general  provision  the  Commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior,  has  fixed  schedules  of  rates  for  such  inferior 
permanent  disabilities  of  service  origin. 

ACT  OF  JUNE  27,  1890. 

But,  recognizing  the  difficulty  of  tracing  disabilities  to  service  origin 
after  a  long  lapse  of  time,  and  the  fact  that  deserving  soldiers,  who  in 
their  advancing  years  were  incurring  disabilities  not  of  service  origin, 
unfitting  them  from  earning  a  support  by  manual  labor,  were  proper 
objects  of  the  national  bounty,  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  was  passed 
providingthat  all  persons  who  had  served  in  the  militaiy  or  naval  service 
of  the  United  States,  in  tliat  war,  ninety  days  or  more,  and  had  been 
honorably  discharged  therefrom,  and  who  were  suffering  from  a  mental 
or  physical  disability  of  a  permanent  character,  not  the  result  of  their 
own  vicious  habits,  which  incapacitates  them  from  earning  a  support  by 
manual  labor,  shall  be  pensioned  at  not  more  than  $12  nor  less  than  •'$0 
per  month,  proportioned  to  the  degree  of  inability  to  earn  a  support. 

Under  this  act,  aside  from  the  requisite  service  and  honorable  dis- 
charge, there  is  but  one  condition  that  can  give  any  right  to  pension, 
viz,  "a  mental  or  x)hysical  disability  of  a  permanent  character,  not  the 
result  of  their  own  vicious  habits,  which  incapacitates  tliem  from  the 
performance  of  manual  labor  in  such  a  degree  as  to  render  them  una- 
ble to  earn  a  support."  But  by  Order  1G4,  issued  October  15, 1890,  tlie 
Commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the  Assistant  Secretary,  directed 
that  specific  disabilities  should  be  rated  in  applications  under  this  act 
as  they  would  have  been  rated  under  the  schedules  then  in  force,  if  of 


736  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

service  origiu,  up  to  812  per  moutli.  The  medical  referee  stated  in 
answer  to  inquiry  tliat  under  this  order  the  capacity  of  a  claimant  un- 
der the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  to  perform  manual  labor  was  no  longer 
even  considered  in  adjudicating  his  claim,  but  that  his  disabilities  were 
rated,  uj)  to  812  i^er  month,  as  if  his  claim  had  been  made  under  prior 
laws  for  like  disabilities  of  service  origin. 

Tt  is  perfectly  clear  that  under  this  order  164  in  granting  pensions 
under  this  act  of  June  27,  18'JO,  the  act  itself  was  set  aside  and  disre- 
garded, Avith  the  result  of  granting  pensions  not  authorized  by  any  law. 
This  was  shown  in  the  Bennett  case,  which  called  your  attention  to  this 
order,  and  to  the  practice  under  it.  There  the  claimant,  applying  un- 
der this  act  of  June  27,  1890,  was  pensioned  at  $12  per  month  for  slight 
deafness,  not  of  service  origin.  This  slight  deafness  could  not  inter- 
fere with  his  capacity  to  perform  manual  labor;  and  such  a  pension  has 
no  warrant  to  sustain  it  in  any  law.  It  is  absolutely  void.  The  state- 
ment of  the  medical  referee,  above  mentioned,  made  it  appear  probable 
that  under  order  164  many  pensions  were  illegally  granted,  and,  pur- 
suant to  your  order  of  ]\Iay  27, 1893,  a  board  of  revision  was  formed 
of  the  ablest  and  most  experienced  men  of  the  Bureau  to  examine  the 
cases  allowed  under  that  act  and  cull  out  such  as  had  no  legal  basis  to 
rest  upon;  but  with  instructions  to  disturb  no  case  where,  by  the  most 
liberal  construction  of  the  evidence,  the  right  to  the  pension  could  be 
sustained  under  any  law.  In  cases  where  it  was  believed  that  pension 
could  not  be  sustained  and  another  medical  examination  was  thought 
necessary,  the  payment  of  the  pension  was  ordered  to  be  suspended 
pending  investigation,  according  to  the  practice  of  the  Bureau  from  the 
beginning;  and  at  the  proper  time  the  usual  sixty-day  notice  was  given 
the  pensioner,  within  which  he  could  ask  for  a  jnedical  examination  or 
supply  further  evidence  of  his  right  to  his  pension. 

This  practice  of  the  Bureau,  always  followed,  is  the  correct  practice. 
It  is  not  the  withdrawal  or  taking  away  of  a  pension,  but  the  tempo- 
rary withholding  of  its  payment,  where  it  appears  to  be  unlawful, 
pending  a  proper  inquiry.  IJpon  your  suggestion  that  even  this  tem- 
porary'withholding  might  work  hardship  where  upon  the  face  of  the 
papers  it  appears  fhat  the  pensioner  is  entitled  to  at  least  some  less 
rating,  the  practice  has  been  modified  and  changed  as  to  the  cases 
under  this  act,  so  far  that  suspensions  of  payment  pending  the  sixty 
days  are  only  ordered  when  on  the  face  of  the  papers  it  appears  prima 
facie  that  the  pensioner  is  not  entitled  to  any  pension.  It  is  certain  that 
there  are  many  cases  like  the  Bennett  case,  where  persons  not  entitled 
to  any  pension  Avill  be  removed  from  the  rolls,  but  the  work  has  not  yet 
proceeded  far  enough  to  enable  me  to  forecast  the  result.  Undoubtedly 
under  the  system  of  adjudication  which  followed  the  promulgation  of 
order  164,  many  persons  perfectly  able  to  perform  manual  labor,  under 
the  persimsion  of  claim  agents  familiar  with  the  effect  of  that  order, 
applied  for  and  received  pensions  for  specific  disabilities  not  of  service 
origin,  and  not  properly  pensionable  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890. 
This  also  accounts  for  the  large  proportion  of  late  claims  under  that 
act,  comprising  the  aftermath  in  the  work  of  claim  agents,  w^hich  are 
now  being  properly  rejected. 

WORK   OF   THE   BUREAU. 

Precedence  is  no  longer  given  to  cases  under  the  act  of  June  27, 
1890,  but  claims  for  pension  under  the  prior  laws,  for  disabilities  of 
service  origin,  are  now  adjudicated  in  their  order,  where  the  evidence 
is  complete.  So  far  from  holding  back  this  class  of  claims,  I  think  they 
should  have  precedence- as  being  older  and  more  meritorious. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     737 

The  "completed  files"  system  whicli  had  been  in  use  for  some  time 
has  been  discontinued.  It  was  found  that  claim  agents  frequently 
reported  cases  as  completed  and  ready  for  adjudication  \yhere  they 
had  failed  to  furnish  necessary  evidence  that  had  been  called  for; 
entailing  much  additional  work  in  handling  files,  and  retarding  rather 
than  accelerating  the  work  of  the  Bureau.  One  of  two  things  had  to 
be  done;  either  adjudicate  all  cases  finally  when  the  claim  agents  an- 
nounced them  complete  and  reject  the  claims  when  the  evidence  was 
lacking,  as  would  be  done  in  a  law  case  which  the  attorney  called  for 
trial,  or  abolish  the  system  altogether.  The  latter  course  has  been 
adopted,  as  more  favorable  to  claimants. 

I  will  not  enlarge  this  report  by  including  in  it  the  separate  rei)orts 
of  chiefs  of  divisions,  showing  the  work  of  the  Bureau  in  detail.  The 
business  is  well  systematized,  the  chiefs  efficient,  and  the  clerks  orderly 
and  diligent.  The  work  x)rogresses  as  rapidly  as  is  consistent  with 
proijer  care  and  attention  to  the  real  merits  of  the  claims  which  are 
to  be  examined  and  adjudicated. 

But  I  have  considered  it  useful  to  append  the  reports  of  the  chiefs  of 
the  law  division  and  of  the  special  examination  division,  covering, 
as  they  do, matters  outside  of  the  routine  work  of  the  Bureau  and  of  a 
character  deserving  special  attention. 

SPECIAL  EXAMINATION   DIVISION. 

An  intelligent  corps  of  special  examiners  is  of  the  highest  importance, 
not  only  in  the  discovery  and  prevention  of  frauds,  in  which  they  annu- 
ally save  to  the  Government  many  times  the  amount  of  the  expense 
incurred,  but  they  often  discover  and  bring  to  liglit  evidence  which 
aids  honest  and  deserving  claimants  in  establishing  their  claims.  Their 
sole  duty  and  aim  is  to  get  at  the  real  facts  of  every  case  examined; 
and  all  examinations  of  witnesses  relative  to  particular  claims  are  made 
after  notice  to  the  claimants,  who  may  participate  therein,  and  may 
themselves  procure  witnesses  for  examination. 

Wholesale  frauds  like  those  discovered  at  IlTorfolk,  Va.,  in  New 
Mexico,  and  Iowa,  referred  to  in  these  two  appended  reports,  were 
brought  to  light  by  intelligent  sjiecial  examiners.  In  the  two  instances 
first  mentioned  hundreds  of  fraudulent  pension  claims  had  been  allowed 
by  the  Bureau  on  testimony  manufactured  ar.d  forged  by  the  claim 
agents;  and  other  hundreds  of  like  claims,  from  the  same  claim  agents, 
were  pending  in  the  Bureau.  Althoiigh  the  principal  culprits  have 
upon  prosecution  pleaded  guilty,  and  are  undergoing  punishment,  the 
special  examiners  are  still  engaged  in  ascertaining  the  extent  of  the 
frauds  and  the  particular  cases  included  in  them.  In  the  Iowa  case 
the  claim  agent  had  secured  control  of  several  local  medical  boards, 
usually  by  insidious  methods,  as  by  having  the  claimant,  a  brief  time 
before  examination,  come  to  a  member  of  the  board  for  prescription 
and  treatment,  paying  his  fee  therefor.  After  repeating  this  so  often 
that  the  surgeon  could  not  fail  to  understand  that  he  was  really  getting 
extra  pay  from  the  claimants,  the  claim  agent  was  able  to  procure  from 
him  copies  of  the  surgeons'  reports  to  this  Bureau  and  notablj^  high 
ratings  for  his  clients.  I  at  once  dismissed  the  examining  boards  that 
were  so  implicated,  and  suspended  the  claim  agent  from  practice.  He 
is  now  being  prosecuted,  as  is  also  one  of  the  examining  surgeons.  The 
result  of  the  claim  agent's  practices  v/as  the  allowance  of  pensions,  at 
high  rates,  to  nearly  all  his  clients  in  the  vicinity,  bringing  into  that 
community  a  steady  influx  of  money  in  considerable  amount,  going 
into  all  the  channels  of  business.  So  corrupting  was  this  influence 
Ab.  93 47 


738  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

that  a  strong  disposition  was  manifested  to  mob  tlie  sx)ecial  examiner 
when  it  was  found  that  by  his  tact  and  ad<h-ess  he  had  obtained  from 
the  possession  of  the  claim  agent  a  considerable  mass  of  incriminating 
pa])ers,  likely  to  show  the  real  facts  and  to  unsettle  many  pensions 
obtained  by  fraud  and  improper  practices.  The  work  of  this  division 
has  largely  increased,  and  its  force  should  be  augmented,  and  I  have 
therefore  asked  for  an  additional  ai)propriation  for  this  service.  In 
country  towns  and  in  cities  of  less  than  20,000  inhabitants  it  has  been 
the  practice  to  make  inquiries  of  postmasters  respecting  the  character 
and  standing  of  witnesses  in  pension  cases;  but  in  larger  cities  where 
the  necessity  for  such  Inquiry  is  certainly  as  great,  postmasters  can 
not  furnish  such  information,  and  it  has  therefore  not  been  sought  from 
any  source.  It  is  deemed  advisable  to  have  such  inquiries,  in  the 
large  cities,  made  by  special  examiners,  and  this  alone  will  considerably 
increase  the  work  of  this  division. 

LAW    DIVISION. 

The  law  division  is  charged  with  very  important  duties,  including 
all  matters  relating  to  the  standing  and  conduct  of  attorneys  and 
claim  agents  and  their  fees;  all  questions  of  law  arising  in  the  Bureau, 
and  upon  appeals  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  and  all  cases  of  fraud 
or  improi^er  practices  brought  to  light  by  the  special  examiners,  or 
otherwise.  Its  rclatiou  to  the  special  examination  division  is  intimate, 
and  its  services  in  respect  to  the  cases  of  fraud  adverted  to  have  been 
efllcient  and  considerable;  as  they  havealsoin  other  cases  of  individual 
fraud,  notably  in  the  case  of  Dan  Benton  alias  William  Newby,  lately 
convicted  in  the  United  States  district  court  at  Springfield,  111.  In 
that  case  a  vagrant  criminal,  who  had  for  thirty  years  divided  his  time 
pretty  equally  as  the  inmate  of  penitentiaries  and  almshouses,  attempted 
to  represent  a  Union  soldier  who  was  killed  at  Shiloh,  and  had  filed  a 
claim  for  pension,  which,  if  allowed,  would  have  brought  him  a  very 
large  first  payment.  The  fraud  was  brought  to  light  by  the  persevering- 
labor  of  a  special  examiner  and  the.  intelligent  action  of  the  law  division. 
Full  credit  should  also  be  given  to  W.  E.  Shutt,  esq.,  the  district  at- 
torney, who  represented  the  Government  in  the  trial  with  such  vigor 
and  ability  as  has  been  rarely  displayed  in  prosecutions  for  frauds  in 
pension  cases.  The  chief  of  the  law  division  and  his  principal 
assistants  are  men  of  superior  ability  and  attainments,  and  are  well 
deserving  of  higher  compensation  than  they  are  now  receiving.  It 
seems  to  me  but  just  that  they  should  have  salaries  corresponding  with 
those  of  the  principal  ofiicers  of  the  medical  division. 

EFFICIENCY  RECOED. 

Tlie  efficiency  record  in  use  for  some  time,  and  intended  to  show  the 
punctuality,  attendance,  industry,  conduct,  aptitude,  accuracy,  and 
ability  of  all  the  clerks,  and  by  an  "automatic  system"  relieve  the 
chiefs  of  divisions  and  the  Commissioner  of  all  care  and  responsibility 
in  respect  to  recommending  promotions,  can  not  I  think  be  relied  on 
for  such  puri)ose,  with  justice  to  the  most  deserving.  The  i)unctuality, 
attendance,  industry,  and  conduct  of  any  clerk  can  be  easily  and  fairly 
noted;  and  a  record  of  these  qualities  should  be  kept,  as  of  use  in 
•determining  whether  a  clerk  should  be  retained  or  discharged  should 
such  question  arise  on  a  reduction  of  the  force  or  otherwise.  The 
superior  qualities  of  accuracy,  aptitude,  and  ability  can  not  be  fairly 
noted  in  this  way  as  between  clerks  engaged  in  different  kinds  of 
work.  The  work  of  a  clerk  using  a  stamp,  or  handling  files,  or  merely 
copying,  may  be  compared    with    that    of   another  clerk  similarly 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECEETARf  OF  THE  INTERIOR.      739 

employed,  but  can  not  he  intelligently  marked  as  against  the  work  of 
an  examiner,  or  of  one  engaged  in  the  law,  medical,  or  finance 
divisions,  or  on  the  board  of  review.  The  efficiency  of  the  latter 
classes  of  clerks  can  only  be  noted  by  the  careful  observation  and 
intelligent  judgment  of  the  chiefs  of  division.  But  it  should  be  con- 
stantly noted,  according  to  some  suitable  method,  practical  for  use.  I 
respectfully  recommend  that  this  matter  receive  careful  consideration. 
Promotions  should  be  made  with  regard  to  merit  alone,  and  in  utter 
disregard  of  what  is  called  "influence." 

THE  PENSION  BUILDING. 

The  roof  of  the  Pension  Building  should  be  thoroughly  repaired, 
without  long  delay.  Over  the  main  hall  the  roof  consists  of  iron  rafters 
springing  from  the  walls,  and  crosswise  between  these,  and  fastened  to 
them,  are  iron  bars,  on  which  rest  the  heavy  tiles  that  support  the  tin  r^of. 
The  expansion  and  contraction  of  the  iron  often  breaks  the  tiles,- and 
pieces  fall  to  the  floor  from  this  great  height,  endangering  persons  who 
may  be  in  that  part  of  the  building.  A  ceiling  of  corrugated  steel  bolted 
to  the  rafters  or  iron  bars  would  eliminate  this  danger,  and  much  im- 
prove the  appearance  of  the  building.  The  tin  covering  of  the  roof 
has  sustained  serious  injury  in  a  recent  storm,  and  needs  repairs. 

The  admitted  files  occupy  sixteen  rooms  of  the  fourth  floor  of  the 
building,  and  consist  of  l,!i37,67C  cases, strapped  iii  bundles  averaging 
more  than  20  pounds  in  weight.  During  the  year  1,069,957  cases  were 
handled  here,  each  case  requiring  the  lifting  of  one  of  these  bundles  in 
removing  it,  and  again  in  replacing  it.  This  heavy  work  is  done  in 
comparatively^  low  rooms  right  under  the  roof,  and  very  much  heated 
in  the  summer.  Some  relief  should  be  given  to  the  file  clerks  employed 
here,  by  means  of  electric  fans,  or  some  other  efficient  method  for  pro- 
ducing proper  ventilation. 

NONRESIDENT  PENSIONERS. 

A  clause  of  chapter  187  of  the  Public  Acts  of  the  second  session  of 
the  Fifty-second  Congress  provides: 

Thcat  fi-om  and  after  July  1, 1893,  uo  pension  shall  Le  paid  to  a  nonresident,  who  is  not 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  except  for  actual  disabilities  incurred  in  the  ser\dce. 

I  respectfully  ask  your  attention  to  this  clause,  in  the  hope  that  you  may 
recommend  its  repeal.  It  causes  great  trouble  and  annoyance  to  the  ex- 
cepted classes,  who  constitute  the  great  bulk  of  nonresident  pensioners, 
in  compelling  them  to  make  proof  that  they  belong  to  these  excepted 
classes.  And  the  final  result  is  that  payments  under  it  are  withheld 
from  but  few,  save  widows  and  dependent  mothers,  who  liave  little  else 
for  theii'  maintenance.  The  saving  is  too  little  to  offset  the  suffering 
inflicted  in  individual  cases.  If  all  nonresidents  were  refused  pay- 
ments of  pension  some  plausible  argument  might  be  made  in  support  of 
such  policy  5  but  none  can  be  urged  in  favor  of  this  law,  which,  while 
giving  annoyance  to  all,  strikes  only  the  most  helpless. 

I  should  not  feel  warranted  in  asking  attention  to  this  law,  but  for 
the  fact  that  it  entails  much  work  on  this  Bureau,  in  answering  com- 
munications, and  seems  to  yield  little  practical  results  except  annoy- 
ance and  apparent  cruelty.  I  recognize  to  the  fullest  extent  that  my 
sole  duty  is  to  execute  and  administer  the  laws  as  they  are  enacted — 
fairly  and  honestly  interpreted. 
Very  respectfully, 

Wm.  LocnREN, 

Co7nmissioner, 

The  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


740  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


REPORT  or  LAW  CLERK. 

DEPARTMENT   OF   THE   InTERIOH,  BUREAU   OP  PENSTOXS, 

Was]tington,  D.  C,  August  1,  180S. 

Sir:  T  talco  pleasure  in  submitting  herein  a  report  of  the  business  transacted  by 
the  law  division  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893,  together  with  a  sugges- 
tion of  needed  reforms  in  the  laws  and  in  the  practice  relating  to  pensions. 

When  I  assumed  charge  of  the  division,  it  was  subdivided  into  three  sections, 
known  as  (1)  the  appeal  sectionj  (2)  the  criminal  section,  and  (3)  the  fee  section. 
Logical  precision  was  absent  from  the  classification  of  the  duties  assigned  to  each 
and  to  all.  The  appeal  section,  which  should  have  had  supervision  of  questions 
concerning  the  merits  alone,  was  cumbered  with  the  charge  of  the  attorneys  rolls, 
and  with  the  records  of  officers  authorized  to  authenticate  declarations  and  evi- 
dence. From  these  sprang  much  work  relating  to  transfers  of  claims  for  pension; 
to  the  standing  of  attorneys,  and  to  their  changes  of  post-office  address.  The  criminal 
section,  which  should  have  devoted  its  energies  exclusively  to  the  preparation  of 
proceedings  looking  to  proof  of  violations  of  the  laws,  to  the  punishment  of  the 
offenders,  and  to  the  recovery  of  funds  improperly  paid  by  the  United  States,  was 
burdened  with  the  miscellaneous  correspondence  of  the  division,  to  say  nothing  of 
the  examination  of  completed  files  slips,  or  of  the  settlement  of  questions  of  mar- 
riage and  divorce  and  guardianship.  To  the  legitimate  duties  of  the  fee  section 
were  added  the  inspection  of  those  circulars  which  attorneys  are  required  to  submit 
to  this  Bureau  for  approval  before  they  are  permitted  to  circulate  them;  the  recom- 
mendations of  disbarment;  the  consideration  of  complaints  against  magistrates  and 
others,  relative  to  improper  professional  practices;  and  the  authentication  of  copies 
of  affidavits  or  other  evidence  for  courts  or  for  executive  department*. 

On  July  1,  1893,  I  rearranged  the  division,  by  adding  a  fourth  section,  known  as 
the  miscellaneous  section,  which  I  have  placed'in  the  charge  of  Dr.  E.  B.  Olmstead-— 
a  young  man  of  force,  integrity  and  executive  ability.  As  its  name  imports,  this 
subdivision  has  charge  of  all  miscellaneous  matters  other  than  those  considered  by 
the  law  clerk  or  by  his  assistants,  Mr.  J.  O'C.  Roberts  and  Mr.  W.  T.  Pierson.  To 
it,  therefore,  has  been  given  jurisdiction  over  the  attorneys  rolls,  the  records  of 
authenticating  officers,  all  matters  of  transfers  of  claiijcs  for  pension,  changes  of  ad- 
dress of  attorneys,  and  all  questions  of  guardianship,  marriage  and  divorce.  But, 
since  this  section  was  not  organized  during  the  fiscal  year,  the  report  of  the  division 
will  be  in  accordance  with  the  former  subdivision. 

During  the  period  between  June  30,  1892,  and  June  30,  1893,  the  appeal  section 
disposed  of  the  following  business: 

Aitorncn  desl',  Section  A. 

Attorneyship  verified,  including  all  classes  of  claims 226, 5G6 

Circular  letters  sent  with  blank  oaths  of  allegiance  and  instructions  to  those 

desiriuo-  recognition  as  attorneys  or  agents 1,  498 

Certificates  of  qualifications  and  oaths  received  from  applicants  foraltorney- 

ship,  and  forwarded  to  the  Honorable  Secretary  of  the  Interior  for  his 

_consideration l"^" 

Names  enrolled  on  roster  of  new  attorneys  empowered  by  the  Secretary  of 

the  Interior  to  prosccjite  claims  before  this  BTireau 756 

Transfers  of  attorneyship - ;'4 

Disljarments  of  attorneys ^4 

Prohibitions  from  practice  before  this  Bureau  of  attorneys  under  section 

5498,  Revised  Statutes 17 

Restoration  of  attorneys  to  practice  before  this  Bureau 1 1 

Death  of  attorneys CS 

Changes  of  address  and  additional  address  of  attorneys 184 

Papers  containing  charges  against  or  relating  to  attorneys  jacketed;  names 

ijidorsed  on  index,  and  placed  in  attorneys'  files 164 

Papers  forwarded  to  other  divisions 20,  3;:G 

Calls  answered  from  the  different  divisions  asking  the  status  of  magistrates.  49,  401 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.  741 

Circular  letters  addressed  to  magistrates 1,  9o4 

Certificates  as  to  the  official  character  of  magistrates  received,  jacketed, 

and  recorded - 28,  637 

Imperfect  certificates  as  to  the  official  character  of  ma;gistrates  returned  for 

correction 1,  222 

Blanks  sent  to  be  used  by  clerks  of  courts  in  certifying  to  the  official  character 

of  magistrates 297 

All  letters  written , 707 

Ajipeal  desl',  Section  A. 

Motions  for  reconsideration  of  former  departmental  decisions  received. ...  104 

Appeals  on  question  of  title  received 2, 161 

Total  number  of  appeals  received 2,  265 

Reports  to  the  Secretary  on  pending  appeals 5,  598 

Papers  referred  to  other  divisions 3, 110 

The  action  of  this  Bureau  was  affirmed  by  the  Secretary  iu  cases 1,  942 

Dockets  searched 3,  009 

The  action  of  this  Bureau  was  reversed  by  the  Secretary  in  cases 168 

Cases  reported  to  Congress 84 

The  action  of  this  Bureau  waa  modified  by  the  Secretary  in  cases 35 

Former  departmental  decisions  reversed  on  motion  for  reconsicleration 9 

Action  reversed  by  this  Bureau  and  claim  allowed  with  appeal'pending 36 

Referred  to  the  Secretary  with  evidence  to  reopen  the  claim  after  the  action 

of  rejectiou  had  been  affirmed  on  a^ipeal 34 

Appeals  dismissed  or  withdrawn 174 

Motion  for  reconsideration  denied 55 

There  are  now  pending  awaiting  reports  on  appeal 2,  852 

Claims  examined  and  referred  to  other  divisions  for  further  action 1,  816 

Pages  of  matter  tvped 14,  621 

Allletters  sent  out 2,  009 

During  the  period  between  April  8,  1893,  and  July  2,  1893  (or  not  quite  the  entire 
term  of  my  administration  of  the  division),  this  section  performed  the  work  set 
forth  in  the  following  tables : 

Jjypcal  desk. 

Appeal  cases  reported  to  the  Secretary : 2,  262 

Claims  examined  and  referred  to  other  divisions 425 

Papers  referred  to  other  divisions 1, 182 

Number  of  letters  sent  out 1,  225 

Pages  typed 5,  014 

Dockets  searched 3,  009 

Cases  drawn  from  files 1,  741 

Attorncijis'  deVc. 

Attorneyship  verified,  including  all  classes  of  claims 37,  458 

Circular  letters  sent  with  blank  oaths  of  allegiance  and  instructions  to 

those  desiring  recognition  as  attorneys  or  agents 530 

Certificates  of  qualifications  and  oaths  received  from  applications  for  attor- 
neyship forwarded  to  the  honorable  Secretary  of  the  Interior  for  his  con- 
sideration    33 

Names  enrolled  on  roster  of  new  attorneys  empowered  by  the  Secretary  of 

the  Interior  to  iirosecute  claims  before  this  Bureau 118 

Transfers  of  attorneyshij) 13 

Suspension  of  attorneys 0 

Disbarment  of  attorneys 6 

Prohibition  from  ]5ractice  before;   this  P.urcau  of   attorneys  under  section 

5498,  Revised   Statutes 8 

Deaths  of  attorneys '. 28 

Changes  of  address  and  additional  address  of  attorneys 42 

Papers  containing  charges  against  or  relating  to  attorneys  jacketed,  names 

indorsed  on  index,  and  placed  in  attorneys'  files f^8 

Papers  forwarded  to  other  divisions 5,  665 

Calls  answered  from  the^difi'erent  divisions  asking  the  status  of  magistrates  11.  870 


742  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Certificates  as  to  the  official  cliaractcr  of  magistrates  rcoeived^  jacketed,  and 

recorded 6,  771 

Imperfect  certilicates  as  to  the  official  character  of  magistrates  returned  for 
correction 293 

Blanks  sent  to  be  used  by  clerics  of  courts  in  certifying  to  the  official  cliar- 

acter  of  magistrates 87 

Notarial  commissions  returned 0 

All  letters  written 225 

A  comparison  of  tliese  figures  >vith  those  for  the  entire  year  shows  that  more  has 
been  aeeonijdishedin  the  realm  of  .appeals,  during  the  last  (quarter,  than  the  average 
for  the  three  preceding  ([uarters ;  ■while  less  was  done  by  the  force  upon  the  attor- 
ney's desk.  This  is  satisfactory  in  each  instance,  for  the  diminution  of  the  work 
of  the  latter  results  from  the  greater  thoroughness  with  which  the  adjudicating 
divisions  of  tliis  Bureau  are  now  i>reparing  cases.  Such  care  necessitates  the  exam- 
iner's expendituie  of  more  time  upou  each  claim.  As  the  labors  of  the  clerks  upon 
that  desk  arise,  in  large  measure,  out  of  calls  made  by  examiners,  there  have  been 
fewer  replies  by  them  because  they  have  had  fewer  inquiries  to  answer.  The  time 
not  thus  employed  by  them  has  been  used  to  advantage  in  other  labors  incident  to 
tlie  division,  of  which  mention  will  be  made  in  another  part  of  this  report. 

During  the  year  ending  June  30,  1803,  the  criminal  section  has  acconijilished 
much,  as  readily  appears  Irom  the  following  statement: 

Cases  acted  upon  during  the  fiscal  year 8,  297 

Letters  written  during  the  fiscal  year 8,  811 

Circulars  written  dui-ing  the  fiscal  year 2,  266 

Special  examiners'  reports  reviewed 534 

Completed  files  slips  reviewed 186,  566 

Money  illegally  withheld,  recovered  on  instructions  from  criminal  section, 
and  turned  over  to  i^eusioners $999. 00 

Money  illegally  obtained,  recovered  as  the  property  of  the  United  States, 
and  ctJvered  into  the  Treasury;  and  by  judgment  and  sale  following 
suits  in  court 18,  808.  62 

Total 19,  807.  62 

•i)f  which  recovered  by  judgment  for  United  States,  in  civil  suits  insti- 
tuted through  criminal  section , 4,  861.  67 

Cases  submitted  for  criminal  prosecution  during  fiscal  year 115 

Persons  arrested  and  bound  over 100 

Persons  indicted 145 

Persons  convicted 73 

Persons  sentenced 60 

Persons  acquitted 40 

Cases  nol-prossed 1 

For  the  i)eriod  comprised  Avithiu  April  1,  1893,  when  I  assumed  control,  and  June 
30,  1893,  the  following  was  accomplished: 

Cases  acted  upon  between  April  1  and  June  30,  1893 3,  111 

Letters  written  during  same  period 2,  794 

Completed-files  slips  reviewed  between  Ajiril  1,  1893,  and  May  13,  1893, 

when  the  completed-files  system  was  abolished 21, 100 

Amount  of  the  whole  sum  for  the  fiscal   year  recovered  between  April  1 

and  June  30,  1893,  through  the  oxieration  of  the  criminal  section $14,  417.  59 

Criminal  Siittintics. 

Between  April  1  and  June  30,  1893: 

Arrests 53 

ludjctments 77 

Convictions 39 

Sentences 34 

Acquittals 13 

Comment  is  unnecessary.     The  figures  speak  for  themselves. 

The  work  of  this  section  of  the  division  has  been  fascinatingly  interesting.  Per- 
haps it  may  not  be  inappropriate  to  note  some  of  its  labors. 

In  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico  it  was  found  that  wholesale  forgeries  of  evidence 
had  been  perpetrated.  One  defendant  has  already  received  a  sentence  of  seven 
years  in  the  penitentiary.  A  corps  of  trusty  examiners,  taken  largely  from  this 
division,  is  engaged  in  investigating  the  frauds  involved. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


743 


At  Norfolk,  Va.,  facts  have  come  to  light  wMcli  will  illustrate  some  of  the  schemes 
by  which  large  sums  have  been  paid  from  the  United  States  Treasury,  for  the 
receipt  of  which  there  was  no  legal  warrant.  Impatient  of  the  delay  which  waits 
upon  the  jiroduction  of  claimants  and  witnesses,  one  attorney  (who  is  said  to  have 
grown  independent  in  Ibrtune)  created  both  claims  and  jiroof.  At  j^reseut  he  ia 
serving  a  short  term  of  imjirisonment,  while  various  other  indictments  affecting 
him,  his  aiders  and  al)c1tors  await  trial  at  the  coming  term.  I  have  no  reliable 
data  showing  Avith  absolute  accuracy  of  how  much  the  United  States  have  been 
robbed  in  this  A'icinity,  but  the  sum  of  $55,000  or  more  has  been  paid  out  under  the 
act  of  June  27,  1890,  through  the  claims  of  one  man  alone.  Should  we  estimate 
future  payments  on  the  basis  of  life-insurance  tables,  they  would  have  cost  the 
United  States  more  than  $300,000.  Nor  is  the  vice  of  these  transactions  confined  to 
this  one  man.  Others — some  of  whom  are  high  in  social  circles — have  applied  the 
same  methods.  They  will  have  meted  out  to  them  similar  punishments,  unless  there 
be  miscarriage  in  the'  courts.  Prosecutions,  not  perseciitions,  will  be  the  maxim ;  but 
no  distinction  of  person  will  be  -made  in  any  case.  However  high  the  offender,  he 
will  meet  his  just  deserts;  however  humble,  justice  will  be  done  him.  Besides  this, 
not  less  than  two  hundred  and  fifty  pending  claims,  arising  in  this  quarter,  have 
been  rejected  because  they  were  founded  on  spurious  declarations  and  evidence. 
But  for  this  inquiry  they  would  have  been  admitted.  Averaging  them  at  two  years 
each  at  $8  a  month,  they  would  have  drawn  from  the  Federal  Treasury  $48,000  more^ 
to  swell  the  amount  of  $55,000  already  disbursed  in  the  claims  described  above. 

The  trial  of  Dan  Benton,  alias  William  Xewbj',  for  making  a  false  claim  and  for 
perjury,  has  resulted  in  conviction.  This  cause  will  rank  in  intercist  with  the  cele- 
brated Tichborne  trial.  The  records  of  the  War  Department  sliow  that  William 
Newby,  from  White  County,  111.,  was  killed  at  Shiloh  April  6,  1862,  and  buried  on 
the  battle  field  by  his  friends  and  teutmates.  His  family  had  grown  up  and  his  wife 
had  moved  to  Texas,  wlu-u  some  time  in  1891  a  stranger  walked  into  the  streets  ot 
Carmi  and  announced  himself  as  William  Newby.  He  gave  what  seemed  a  satisfac- 
tory account  of  his  absence,  explaining  that  his  wound  upon  the  head  had  made  him 
insane.  His  wife  Avas  sent  for  and,  after  examining  him  somewhat,  declared  he  was 
the  missing  Newby.  She  had  been  pensioned  as  his  widow  for  nearly  thirty  years. 
Immediately  she  ceased  to  draw  her  pension  and  Newby  applied  himself.  His  stake 
was  a  large  one,  inasmuch  as,  if  allowed,  his  claim  would  yield  from  $1.5,000  to  $20,000. 
Unfortunately  for  him,  however,  the  United  States  found  discrepancies  between  the 
alleged  Newby  and  the  real  one.  For  instance,  Newby,  the  soldier,  should  be  69 
years  old,  while  this  man  was  but  49.  Newby's  eyes  were  blue,  while  this  man's 
Avero  dark.  Patiently  exploring  his  history  it  was  shown  that  the  man  was  Dan 
Benton,-  or  ''Rickety  Dan,'  Avho  had  emigrated  with  his  jiarents  from  White  County, 
IIJ.,  when  he  AA-as  but  8  years  of  age.  He  had  ncA-er  been  in  the  Army  at  all; 
had  raised  a  family  in  Tennessee  and  lived  about  in  poorhouses,  serA'ing  terms  occa- 
sionally for  horse  stealing  and  other  felonies.  The  United  States  were  able  to  ac- 
count for  his  location  eA-ery  year  save  one.  Public  sentiment  diA-ided.  Even  the 
press  of  the  State  took  sides.  A  "Newby''  league  was  formed  and  counsel  engaged 
in  his  behalf.  At  the  trial  the  defense  took  to  the  United  States  court  at  Spring- 
field, 111.,  one  hundred  and  forty  Avitnesses,  Avhile  the  United  States  called  sixty 
from  Tennessee,  and  Newby's  widow  declared  he  was  her  husband  and  one  sou 
stoutly  supported  her.  Newby's  daughter  and  brother  rejiudiated  him  and  told  of 
marks  not  shown  on  the  defendant.  A  spirited  trial  ensued  and  feeling  ran  high, 
but  the  jury  Avere  out  only  ten  minutes,  returning  Avith  a  verdict  of  '^' guilty."  A 
motion  for  new  trial  is  pending.  Intense  excitement  prcA'ailed  and  the  United 
States  attorney,  the  jury,  and  the  special  examiner  were  threatened  Avith  A-iolence. 

Other  iuA'estigations  are  under  vray,  and  consi^iracies  are  being  brought  to  light. 
From  motiA-es  of  public  policy  it  would  be  improper  here  to  individualize  the  cases 
or  localities  at  this  time,  but  another  annual  report  will  probably  tell  the  tale. 

For  the  fiscal  year  which  recently  closed,  the  fee  section  presents  the  fine  shoAving 
eet  forth  in  the  itemized  statement  next  below  this  paragraph: 


Letters  written    

Cases  disposed  of 

Total  cases  acted  on 

liriefs  amended 

Iteports  on  appeals 

Special  examiners'  reports  arted  on 

Attorneys  recommended  for  disliarnicnt 
Attorneys  recommended  for  restoration . 


First     1    Second 
quarter,  i  quarter. 


2,602 

1,769 

2,143 

574 

108 

5 

8 

2 


2,802 

2,184 

2,637 

003 

118 

16 

10 

4 


Third 
quarter. 


3,550 

2,484 

3,053 

800 

140 

16 

2 


Fourth 
quarter. 


5,338 

3,719 

4,483 

940 

278 

80 

13 


Total. 


14,  292 

10,156 

12,  316 

2,917 

644 

67 

33 

6 


Cases  pending  in  section  June  30,  1893 783 

Amount  of  illegal  fees  recoA-ered $5,  540.  80 


744  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

In  addition  to  tlio  above  statement,  I  submit  the  following  report  in  regard  to 
cases  ou  appeal  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  relative  to  attorneyship  or  contested 
fees : 

Appeals  referred 930 

Eeports  transmitted 875 

Decisions  approved 505 

Decisions  reversed 25 

Decisions  modified 29 

Decisions  adhered  to 30 

Appeals  dismissed 240 

Further  reports  requested 4 

It  will  be  seen  that  of  the  589  decisions  only  25  reversed  and  29  modified  the  action 
of  this  Bureaii.  This  is  a  very  gratifying  showing,  considering  how  difficult  many 
of  the  cases  are  to  settle  and  the  good  ground  often,  for  differences  of  opinion  in  the 
application  of  the  law  and  rules. 

I  have  no  cause  to  be  ashamed  of  the  record  of  this  section  since  I  assumed  control 
of  the  division.  A  contrast  of  the  work  done  during  the  fourth  quarter  of  the  fiscal 
year  with  that  accomplished  during  the  preceding  (juarters  will  warrant  this  asser- 
tion. But  I  desire  to  make  no  in\-idious  comparisons. 
.  In  this  connection,  I  wish  to  impress  upon  you  the  inadequacy  of  the  compensa- 
tion of  the  clerks  in  the  law  division,  and  to  urge  that  steps  necessary  to  its  cor- 
rection be  taken.  A  glance  at  the  roster  will  show  that  many  of  the  men  who  are 
performing  the  arduous  labors  incident  to  the  Division  are  drawing  $900  or  $1,000 
or  $1,200.  The  service  of  intellects  trained  in  the  law  is  imperatively  demanded; 
for  the  questions  arising  daily  are  of  the  utmost  difficulty,  and  range  from  criminal 
procedure  to  the  ofticial  character  of  a  justice  of  the  peace.  Under  this  Administra- 
tion many  abuses  have  required  correction,  and  the  brunt  of  battle  has  necessarily 
fallen  largely  upon  the  law  division.  But  how  can  the  most  valuable  minds  be 
retained  in  the  performance  of  these  duties  when  the  special  examination  division — 
the  half-sister  of  this  division — is  able  to  compensate  its  men  at  the  rate  of  $2,300 
a  year,  when  I  cannot  offer  even  $1,800  per  annum?  The  embarrassing  predicament 
of  allowing  first-class  clerks  to  leave  the  law  division  for  that  division,  or  of  stand- 
ing in  the  way  of  their  advancement,  has  frequently  faced  me.  I  have  not  felt  it 
right  to  bar  tlie  betterment  of  deserving  inen;  and  hence  I  have  lost  the  services  of 
ten  ambitiovis,  energetic  young  lawyers,  who  are  now  in  the  field.  Unless  something 
is  done  for  the  law  division  this  drain  will  contffiue,  and  this  branch  of  your  office 
will  serve  only  as  a  training  school.  Greater  results  would  undoubtedly  have  been  ac- 
comx^lished  since  April  1, 1893,  had  not  the  force  been  continually  changing — a  process 
which  has  necessitated  the  constant  instruction  of  new  men,  with  loss  of  time  upon 
both  their  part  and  that  of  section  chiefs.  I  earnestly  recommend,  therefore,  that 
the  clerks  in  my  division  be  paid  salaries  at  $1,800  and  $2,000.  If  necessary,  Con- 
gress should  be  asked  to  appropriate  specifically  for  that  purpose.  In  such  legisla- 
tion they  might  be  designated  as  legal  reviewers. 

I  trust  that  I  shall  not  be  deemed  immodest,  if  I  refer  to  the  reforms  wrought  in  the 
law  division  since  April  1,  1893.  Were  it  possible,  I  would  omit  a  description  of 
these;  but  the  report  would  be  incomplete  without  brief  mention  of  them,  which  I 
shall  endeavor  to  make  as  concise  as  possible.  Blank  forms  have  been  prepared  and 
printed  in  coi)ying  ink,  and  are  now  in  use.  There  are  twenty  of  these.  Their  em- 
ployment has  enabled  me  to  dispense  with  the  services  of  one  typewriter,  while  those 
remaining  have  been  able  to  relieve  the  clerks  of  the  labor  of  directing  and  sealing 
the  envelopes  to  the  letters  prepared  by  them.  The  time  thus  saved  to  the  clerks  has 
been  occupied  in  duties  of  a  more  responsible  and  exacting  nature. 

Some  additions  have  been  made  to  the  library  of  the  division,  but  the  authorities 
at  my  disposal  arc  entirely  inadequate.  Whenever  a  question  of  paramount  impor- 
tance has  arisen,  it  has  required  the  sending  of  one  or  more  persons  to  tlie  Congres- 
sional law  libmry  for  the  verification  of  citations.  As  the  duties  of  my  desk  have 
detained  me  in  the  bureau,  I  have  had  to  rely  upon  the  aid  of  others  in  this  deHcato 
work,  instead  of  visiting  the  library  in  person.  Most  of  the  opinions  rendered  by 
me  have  been  prepared  at  home ;  but  even  then  I  have  felt  a  need  of  the  text-writers 
and  other  authorities  for  convenient  reference.  I  Avould  suggest,  therefore,  that  Con- 
gress be  asked  to  appropriate  an  annual  fund  of  $500  for  the  purchase  of  law  books 
for  tlie  library  of  the  law  division,  such  purchases  to  be  made  by  the  law  clerk,  un- 
der the  personal  supervision  of  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions.  Tliere  is  notliing 
radical  in  the  proposed  legislation.  Similar  jirovisions  have  long  since  been  made 
for  the  Patent  Office,  tho  General  Land  Office,  and  other  bureaus. 

The  miscellaneous  letters,  which  were  formerly  answered  by  one  clerk,  are  now 
distributed  to  the  various  sections  of  the  division  having  charge  of  the  matters 
noted  in  such  correspondence.     Those  which  arc  not  referable  to  a  section  are  coa- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     745 

eidered  by  the  la^v  cleric,  or  by  the  assistant  chiefs  of  the  division.  By  this  course, 
those  who  are  most  familiar  with  a  subject  deal  with  inquiries  arising  from  it;  and 
the  clerk  who  was  formerly  engaged  in  this  work  is  enabled  to  lend  his  services  to 
the  appeal  section. 

The  weekly  work  reports  are  now  prepared  on  a  printed  blank.  Uniformity  has 
taken  the  place  of  diversity.  Such  reports  have  likewise  been  extended  in  their 
scope,  so  as  to  show  week  by  week  whether  the  division  is  diminishing  the  arrears 
of  work  pending  when  I  was  designated  as  its  chief. 

The  old  system  of  letter  books  has  been  abolished.  Those  of  former  years  have 
been  collected,  classified  by  subject,  and  arranged  upon  shelves,  so  that  they  are 
readily  accessible.  Heretofore  they  were  scattered  over  the  division ;  and  some  of 
them  had  been  removed  entirely  from  its  jurisdiction.  A  large  number  of  letter 
books,  some  of  them  a  year  old,  had  not  been  indexed.  Work  has  progressed 
steadily  in  this  direction;  and  in  a  short  while  all  will  be  completed  in  this  particu- 
lar. A  new  series  of  volumes,  upon  a  more  logical  system,  has  been  opened,  to  com- 
mence witli  July  1,  1893. 

New  dockets  have  been  jirovided  for  cases  involving  questions  of  guardianship- 
marriage  and  divorce,  and  other  subjects,  considered  by  the  law  clerk  or  his  assis, 
taut  chiefs.  Heretofore,  these  cases  have  been  usually  recorded  on  the  dockets  of 
the  criminal  section.  Much  time  has,  therefore,  been  lost  in  searching  for  particu- 
lar cases.  Hereafter,  only  those  relating  to  the  subject  will  need  examination.  For 
instance,  a  case  involving  guardianship  will  appear  on  the  guardianship  docket, 
and  search  will  be  made  upon  that  record  alone.  The  same  rule  will  apply  to  those 
touching  marriage  and  divorce,  which  will  be  found  upon  the  marriage  and  divorce 
docket,  while  those  settled  by  the  law  clerk  or  his  assistants  will  appear  on  the 
chief's  docket. 

New  desks  have  been  obtained  for  many  of  the  clerks;  and  new  file  cases  have 
been  procured,  to  hold  the  paiiers  of  the  division  in  methodical  order  and  in  relative 
cleanliness.  The  new  files  have  been  required,  because  a  change  has  been  found 
necessary  in  the  system  of  attorneys'  files.  Heretofore,  criminal  charges  against  at- 
torneys, transfers  of  claims  from  one  attorney  to  another,  and  miscellaneous  letters, 
orders,  and  circulars,  have  been  kept  in  alphabetical  order  in  one  set  of  files.  I 
have  busied  a  part  of  the  force  in  rearranging  these  papers,  so  as  to  separate  them 
into  three  distinct  files:  (1)  criminal  files;  (2)  civil  files;  and  (3)  miscellaneous  files. 
Under  the  new  system,  the  papers  in  each  case  are  arranged  chronologically,  num- 
bered, and  indorsed  with  the  name  of  the  attorney,  the  date  of  the  communication, 
and  a  brief  statement  of  its  contents.  When  this  system  is  completed,  it  will  save 
much  time,  and  will  obviate  the  loss  of  papers. 

A  consultation  room  has  likewise  been  i)laced  at  the  disposal  of  the  division.  The 
great  value  of  such  a  room  is  readily  apparent,  when  it  is  remembered  that  much  of 
the  work  is  of  such  nature  as  to  require  secrecy  in  the  preliminary  stages  of  prepa- 
ration for  investigation  of  frauds  and  punishment  of  crimes. 

It  now  becomes  necessary  for  me  to  olter  certain  suggestions  for  your  consideration. 

Where  disiiute  over  a  point  of  law  arises  between  the  board  of  review  and  an 
adjudicating  division,  would  it  not  be  wfcll  in  every  instance  to  have  the  case  re- 
ferred to  the  law  division  for  an  opinion  upon  the  question  involved?  In  this  way, 
uniformity  of  practice  thi-oughout  the  entire  ofiice  would  bo  secured,  and  the  point 
at  issue  would  receive  the  consideration  of  trained  legal  minds,  working  in  suborui- 
nation  to  your  orders. 

Wliere  there  is  a  contest  between  attorneys  as  to  the  right  to  recognition  in  a  par- 
ticular pending  case  in  which  certificate  has  not  yet  issued  the  matter  should  be  set- 
tled by  the  law  division.  Many  of  the  adjudicating  divisions  refer  such  cases 
here,  but  the  practice  is  not  uniform.  A  general  rnle  should  govern.  The  advan- 
tages of  such  action  are  obvious,  since  the  law  division,  which  reports  upon  all 
appeals  and  receives  the  decisions  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  is  more  thoroughly 
cognizant  than  any  other  division  of  the  law'and  isractico  relative  to  attorneyship 
and  contested  fees".  Much  complaint  arises  among  the  members  of  the  bar  because 
of  improper  recognitions  by  the  adjudicating  divisions,  and  frequently  the  dissatis- 
faction is  well  founded.  Sviien  the  cases  come  to  the  law  division,  after  certifi- 
cates have  issued,  it  is  often  too  late  to  rectify  a  mistake. 

All  claims  involving  the  rights  of  nonresidents,  in  which  certificates  have  not 
issued,  should  be  referred  to  the  laAV  division  for  settlement  of  the  question  of  citi- 
zenship. No  absolute  rule  can  be  laid  down  ujion  this  subject,  as  it  is  governed 
largely  by  treaty  stipulations  with  the  respective  foreign  powers.  It  would  be  wise,  I 
think,  to  have  jurisdiction  vested  in  this  division,  where  the  necessary  research 
could  be  made  with  the  least  trouble  and  the  greatest  expedition.  By  this  the  i)rac- 
tice  would  likewise  be  made  uniform. 

Where  cases  are  believed  to  be  meritorious  but  can  not  be  admitted  under  the 
present  laws,  they  are  submitted  to  Congress, for  consideration.     As  the  record  of 


746  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

special  act  cases  is  kept  in  the  law  divisiou,  and  since  all  cases  called  for  by  Con- 
gress are  transmitted  through  this  division,  it  would  bo  logical  to  confer  upon  the 
law  division  jurisdiction  over  the  reference  of  the  claims  above  noted.  Order  51 
provides  that  records  of  sncli  cases  shall  Ijc  kept  by  the  various  adjudicating  divi- 
sions. Should  my  views  meet  with  your  approval  it  would  be  necessary  to  rescind 
such  order. 

It  would  be  well  to  have  a  force  of  secret  agents,  selected  from  among  the  special 
examiners  or  elsewhere,  wliose  duty  it  would  be  to  investigate  all  pension  cases  in- 
volving crimes  and  oft'enses  agaiust  the  United  States.  These  men  should  receive 
as  liberal  compensation  as  tlie  secret  agents  of  other  departments,  and  the  aid  of 
Congress  should  be  invoked  for  this  pur])ose.  Where  persons  are  steadily  employed 
in  a  certain  kind  of  work,  greater  skill  is  developed.  The  creation  of  this  force 
would  be  of  great  benetit  to  the  Pension  Office. 

"Where  suspensions  of  pension  have  been  made  because  the  beneficiaries  are  non- 
residents (under  the  act  of  March  1,  1893),  frequent  inquiries  have  been  made  by 
attorneys  as  to  whether  or  not  they  may  receive  fees  for  services  in  establishing  the 
citizenship  of  the  iiensioners.  Similar  requests  for  information  relative  to  the  allow- 
ance of  fees  in  cases  of  suspension  under  the  Bennett  decision  have  likewise  reached 
me.  Under  the  laws  now  in  force  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  is  not  authorized 
to  certify  fees  in  cases  of  either  kind.  If  compensation  be  permissible  at  all,  it  is  a 
matter  for  the  determination  of  attorney  and  client,  to  be  settled  between  them- 
selves. It  is  manifest  that  the  foi-mer  will  not  serve  unless  he  be  paid  for  his  serv- 
ices; and  it  is  equally  apparent  that  such  services  may  be  of  the  utmost  importance 
to  the  latter.  This  gap  in  the  system  of  legislation  needs  attention.  It  should  be 
brought  to  the  notice  of  Congress,  with  the  recommendation  that  a  moderate  fee 
(say  $10)  be  allowed  in  such  cases,  to  be  paid  through  the  usual  channels,  under 
the" supervision  of  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions. 

Under  certain  decisions  of  Assistant  Secretary  Bussey  applicants  imder  the  act 
of  June  27,  1890,  are  not  allowed  to  correct  informal  declarations  nunc  pro  tunc,  as  is 
permitted  in  claims  under  the  general  laws.  The  result  is  that  before  the  atten- 
tion of  the  apidicant  is  called  to  the  informality,  quite  a  while  frequently  elapses; 
and,  as  the  new  declaration  is  not  allowed  to  relate  back  by  amendment  to  the  date 
of  tiliug  the  original  application,  pension  is  lost  for  the  intervening  period.  I  have 
never  believed  these  decisions  to  be  sound.  There  is  no  earthly  reason  for  discrimi- 
nating against  claimants  under  the  act  of  June  27, 1890.  "When  they  bring  themselves 
within  tiie  provisions  of  the  statute,  their  rights  are  as  sacred  as  are  those  of  any  other 
class.  We  should  ever  bear  in  mind  the  broad  and  generous  purposes  animating 
Congress  in  attempting  to  provide  for  those,  of  whom  many,  in  their  declining  years, 
are  inmates  of  poorhouses  or  almshouses,  fed  on  the  bitter  bread  of  public  charitj-— 
and  we  should  jealously  guard  against  any  interpretation  of  law  which  results  in 
adding  an  additional  burden  to  those  already  borne  by  the  poor  and  miserable  aged, 
unable  to  provide  for  their  own  daily  needs.  If  the  claimant  under  the  generallaws 
may  amend,  the  same  privilege  should  be  extended  to  the  applicant  under  the  act  of 
June  27,  1890.  The  action  of  this  Department  should  be  consistent.  I  suggest, 
therefore,  that  the  subject  be  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
for  his  consideration. 

Under  the  present  practice,  founded  uj)on  a  decision  of  Assistant  Secretary  Bussey, 
it  is  customary  to  confine  the  application  of  section  4718  of  the  Revised  Statutes  to 
cases  of  invalids  pensioned  under  the  general  laws.  I  have  no  fault  to  find  with 
the  position  taken,  as,  in  my  judgment,  the  law  now  in  force  will  sustain  it.  But 
there  is  no  reason  for  discriuiination.  The  terms  of  section  4718  should  be  enlarged 
so  as  to  cover  all  cases,  whether  invalid,  widoAv,  dependent,  or  minors,  no  matter 
under  what  statute  the  claim  may  have  been  allowed,  whether  under  the  gen<>ral 
laws,  or  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890.  Congress  should  be  asked  to  amend  this 
section  along  the  line  indicated,  and  the  new  legislation  should  permit  payment  of 
a  fee  of  $2  in  cases  where  the  application  for  accrued  pension,  together  with  the 
requisite  evidence,  is  i)repared,  obtained,  and  filed  by  an  attorney  other  than  the 
attorney  who  established  the  original  claim  under  which  the  amount  in  question 
accrued. 

Many  pathetic  letters  are  received  by  tliis  division,  in  which  wives  write  that  their 
husbands  have  deserted  them  and  their  children,  and  ask  that  a  part,  at  least,  of 
their  husbands'  pension  be  paid  to  them.  No  jirovision  of  law  covers  this  subject, 
and  the  Bureau  has  been  forced  to  advise  the  complainants  that  the  Commissioner 
has  no  jurisdiction  to  aft'ord  the  desired  relief.  I  suggest  that  the  attention  of  Con- 
gress be  drawn  in  this  direction,  so  that  you  may  be  vested  with  power,  upon  proper 
proof,  to  divide  the  pension,  or  to  direct  payment  of  the  entire  fund,  to  the  deserted 
wife,  or  children.  The  statute  should  be  broad  enough  to  cover  the  cases  of  those 
pensioners  who;  waste  their  allowances  in  drunkenness  or  riotous  living,  without 
providiiig'for  those  "Who  should  have  the  first  claim  upon  their  attention.     Many  in- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     747 

etance?  occur  in  ■which  the  faithful  but  abused  wife,  Avho  receives  no  consideration 
at  the  hands  of  her  husband,  is  called  u^ien  to  support  him,  when  he  has  dissipated 
his  quarterly  payment.  It  was  never  the  intention  of  the  United  States  to  provide 
a  fund  to  be  squandered  by  the  pensioner,  w*hile  his  wife  and  children  suffer  for 
bread. 

The  a,ct  of  January  5,  1893,  providing  increase  in  Mexican  war  pensions,  is  an  in- 
artificially  drawn  statute.  The  date  of  connnencement  of  increase  is  not  specifically 
set  forth,  'as  is  usually  done  in  laws  of  this  kind.  The  phraseology  is  in  the  present 
tense,  and  no  x^rovision  is  expressly  made  for  those  who  may  be  hereafter  placed 
upon  the  rolls,  or  who  may  be  hereafter  wholly  disabled  for  manual  labor.  Serious 
differences  of  opinion  have  arisen  in  the  construction  of  this  act.  There  should  be 
no  room  for  these.  It  is  suggested  that  Congress  amend  the  law,  where  it  may  be 
fovuid  to  need  amendment,  so  that  it  may  bcLonie  too  plain  for  intcriiretatiou  of  any 
kind. 

Mr.  W.  T.  Pierson,  the  able  and  accomplished  lawyer  who  is  acting  as  an  assistaut 
chief  of  this  division,  has  prepared  a  volume  of  precedents  for  use  by  special  exam- 
iners, district  attorneys,  and  others  in  investigating  alleged  wrong-doing  and  in 
prosecuting  offenders  against  the  laws  of  the  United  States  relating  to  pensions. 
Mr.  Pierson  desires  no  compensation  for  his  labors  upon  this  work,  but  offers  it 
without  remuneration  for  the  good  of  the  service,  if  it  should  be  found  aecejitable. 
I  suggest  that  steps  be  taken  to  have  it  published  as  a  public  document,  for  which  ~ 
purpose  Congress  may  be  asked  to  a^ipropriat^  the  necessary  amount.  In  this  con- 
nection I  desire  to  express,  in  the  most  public  manner  possible,  my  high  appreciation 
of  the  author,  who  has  exercised  a  wise  supervision  of  the  work  performed  by  the 
criminal  section,  and  has  relieved  me  of  a  vast  amount  of  toil,  thus  enabling  me  to 
devote  my  attention  more  thoroughly  to  those  questions  of  law^  which  have  required 
the  ijreparation  of  opinions. 

Nor  do  I  desire  to  omit  mention  of  the  valuable  services  of  Mr.  James  O'Connor 
Roberts,  who,  as  assistaut  chief,  has  labored  intelligently  and  faithfully  to  advance 
the  interests  of  the  division  in  every  possible  way.  To  him  has  been  assigned  a 
general  supervision^  of  all  miscellaneou>s  correspondence  and  of  the  domains  of 
guardianship  and  marriage  and  divorce.  The  distribution  of  the  force  of  the  divis- 
ion is  under  his  control,  and  many  matters  of  administrative  detail  require -his 
constant  care.  Mr,  Roberts  is  thoroughly  w'ell  equipped  for  his  duties,  and  I  take 
pleasure  in  recommending  an  increase  in  his  salary  from  $1,800  to  $2,000  per  annum. 
This  recommendation  has  been  made  without  his  knowledge  and  is  based  j)urely 
upon  his  merit.  , 

And  the  highest  praise  is  due  to  the  devotion  manifested  by  the  men  and  women 
who  have  borne  the  heat  and  burden  of  the  day  in  the  law  division.  For  intelli- 
gence, character,  and  ability  they  stand  second  to  none;  and  the  arduous  labors  of 
the  public  business  intrusted  to  their  charge  have  been  performed  with  an  entire 
absence  of  friction,  and  with  a  rare  and  conscientious  appreciation  of  the  responsi- 
bilities resting  upon  them.  This  report's  recital  of  the  magnificent  results  accom- 
plished by  them  is  the  loftiest  compliment  that  can  be  paid  them.  Although  my- 
self an  uncomxiromising  Democrat,  1  have  known  no  politics  in  the  administration 
of  the  division,  for  an  American  citizen  has  a  right  to  absolute  freedom  of  thought. 
I  have  respected  that  right.  Nor  have  I  confined  my  recommendations  for  promotion 
to  Democrats  alone.  I  have  made  it  a  rule  to  ask  for  the  advancement  of  those  who 
have  merited  it  by  their  work.  As  a  result.  Democrats  and  Republicans  have  labored 
with  equal  zeal,  and  the  laws  have  been  enforced  impartially,  with  justice  to  all 
and  favoritism  to  none. 

In  conclusion,  I  would  be  an  ingrate  did  I  omit  to  express  my  gratitude  for  the 
kind  encouragement  which  you  have  so  generously  bestowed  upon  me  many  times 
when  the  incessant  labors  of  the  law  division  seemed  more  than  1  could  endure.  I 
have  always  felt  free  to  approach  you  ;  and  it  has  been  a  source  of  strength  to  me 
to  know  tht'.t  your  wide  experience  and  deep  knowledge  of  the  law  stood  ever  ready 
to  correct  me  when  wrong,  to  support  me  when  right.  *So,  too,  the  many  gentle 
offices  wrought  in  my  behalf  by  your  able  colaborers,  Messrs.  Murphy  and  Bell,  and 
the  friendly  consideration  shown  me  by  Assistant  Secretary  Reynolds  will  ever  be 
prized  by  me  as  among  the  most  highly  valued  experiences  of  my  life. 
Very  respectfully, 

Fra2>k  E.  Anderson, 

Law  Clerk. 

Hon,  WiLLIAJI   LOCHREX, 

Coniviissioncr  of  Fensions, 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL, 

uoe  AHomaek  -:-  okL. 


748  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


REPORT  OP  CHIEF  OP  SPECIAL  EXAMINATION  DIVISION. 

Department  of  the  Interior,  ■ 

Bureau  of  Pensions, 
Washington,  D.  C,  August  14,  1893. 

Sir  :  In  compliance  with  instructions  contained  in  your  communication,  dated 
July  7,  1893,  licrewitli  arc  transmitted  tables  (in  duplicate)  showing  the  operations 
of  tlie  special  examination  division,  for  the  hscal  year  ending  June  30,  1833. 

The  following  remarks  are  also  submitted,  relative  to  the  organization  and  charac- 
ter of  the  work  of  the  division. 

The  organization  of  this  division  during  the  past  fiscal  year  was  dual  in  character, 
consisting  of  a  held  force  of  special  examiners  and  clerks  specially  detailed  for  field 
work  under  the  provisions  of  section  4744,  Revised  Statutes,  and  an  office  force. 

The  field  force  was  divided  into  five  sections,  and  operated  separately  the  territory 
assigned  to  each  district,  as  follows:  Eastern  district,  comprising  all  the  Eastern 
States,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  and  New  Jersey;  Southern  district,  comprising 
Delaware,  and  all  the  Southern  States  east  of  the  Mississippi  River ;  Central  district, 
comprising  Ohio  and  Indiana;  Northwestern  district,  comiirising  Michigan,  "Wiscon- 
sin, Minnesota,  North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  and  Illinois;  Western  district,  com- 
prising the  balance  of  the  Western  States  and  Territories. 

Each  district  was  in  charge  of  a  supervising  examiner  located  in  this  city,  of 
whom  one  was  detailed  as  acting  chief  of  division. 

With  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  to  which  this  report  relates,  the  above-described 
organization  w^as  discontinued  by  operation  of  law.  The  division,  however,  with 
respect  to  th^  field  force,  has  been  reorganized  i^artially  on  the, plan  heretofore  ex- 
isting, with  one  less  district — the  Northwestern  district  having  been  abolished. 
Michigan  and  Illinois  have  been  added  to  the  Central  district.  Wisconsin,  Minne- 
sota, North  Dakota,  and  South  Dakota  have  been  added  to  the  Western  district. 
Arkansas,  Missouri,  Louisiana,  Texas,  Oklahoma,  and  Indian  Territories  have  been 
detached  from  the  Western  district  and  added  to  the  Southern  district.  Each  dis- 
trict has  a  clerk  in  charge,  located  in  this  city,  who  is  designated  as  a  supervisor; 
but  the  work  and  operations  of  the  field  force  are  now  directed  by  a  chief  and  as- 
sistant chief,  detailed  from  the  regular  office  force. 

The  office  force  consists  of  four  "sections :  Accounts,  review,  briefing  and  files. 

The  accounts  section  keeps  an  account  with  each  special  examiner,  has  charge 
of  his  daily  ix'i)orts,  and  examines  his  monthly  expense  account,  and  the  accounts  of 
railroad  companies  for  transportation  of  sjiecial  examiners  over  subsidized  railroads. 

The  review  section  reviews  all  reports  submitted  by  special  examiners,  and  if 
the  investigation  has  been  properly  conducted,  the  recommendations  are  approved; 
but  if  not,  the  case  is  returned  to  the  special  examiner  with  a  letter  pointing  out 
the  defects  in  his  work,  and  further  instructing  him  how  to  proceed,  at  the  same 
time  directing  him  to  take  credit  for  a  case  returned  for  faulty  work.  This  system 
of  faulty-work-charge  has,  however,  only  recently  been  revived,  it  having  fallen  into 
disuse  in  1891  aud  1892  in  the  efforts  then  made  to  relieve  this  division  of  the  great 
number  of  cases  pending  special  investigation. 

The  briefing  section  examines  all  cases  submitted  for  special  investigation,  to  de- 
termine if  properly  submitted,  and  Avhether  the  questicms  submitted  arc  proper  sub- 
jects for  special  investigation.  It  makes  the  case-slip,  Avhich  constitutes  the  re- 
maining reference  on  file  in  the  Bureau  after  the  case  has  been  forwarded  to  the 
field;  it  keeps  a  record  of  all  cases  sent  to  the  field;  and  it  briefs  and  prepares  for 
suljmissiou  to  the  board  of  review,  or  law  division,  as  the  case  may  be,  all  cases  in 
which  the  review  section  has  determined  that  the  special  examination  is'completed, 
and  where  final  action  is  recommended. 

The  files  section  receives  and  records  all  cases  submitted  for  special  investiga- 
tion, separates  the  face-brief  and  index  from  the  remaining  papers,  for  protection  of 
the  Bureau  in  the  event  of  the  Joss  of  the  original  papers,  and  mails  all  cases  to 
special  examiners. 

A  record  is  kept  in  this  division  of  all  numeys  recovered  by  special  examiners,  and 
this  year  $19,807.62  were  turned  into  the  Treasury;  also  a  record  showing  the 
amoiint  of  saving  on  first  ])aymcnts  in  prima  facie  cases  rejected  after  special  investi- 
gation. This  'record  was  only  begun  in  the  month  of  May,  1893,  but  shows  that 
$150,279.48  have  been  saved  by  special  investigation  since  that  date  to  June  30,  1893. 

Your  attention  is  respectfully  invited  to  the  following  comparative  statement  rela- 
tive to  the  average  number  of  examiners  employed  during,  and  the  number  of  claime 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


749 


pending  special  investigation  at  the  beginning  of,  the  fiscal  years  1889,  1890,  1891, 
1892,  and  1893,  and  the  amount  of  money  appropriated  for  the  work  each  year: 


Tear. 

Appropri- 
ation. 

Iggg                      

254 
230 
198 
114 
129 

15,  806 
10,  534 

16,  336 
3,517 
5,907 

$415,  000 

1390                                                '. 

415,  000 

1891 

415,  000 

Ig92                          

215,000 

I803                    

225,  000 

On  the  first  day  of  July,  1893,  there  -were  pending  special  examination  in  this 
division  5,967  cases,  and  there  were  then  employed  160  special|examiuers  in  the  field. 
The  uumher  of  cases  pending  at  the  present  time  has  increased  to  16,060,  and  the 
number  of  special  examiners  has  been  increased  to  192.  To  perform  this  greatly 
increased  work  Congress  has  appropriated  only  $200,000. 

Additional  work  has  also  been  put  upon  this  division  in  the  investigation  of  all 
matters  of  complaint  in  relation  to  fraudulent  pensions;  as  to  matters  of  guardian- 
ship, whether  the  wards  are  still  living,  whether  proper  accountings  have  been  made 
as  required  by  law,  dnd  as  to  the  sufficiency  of  guardians'  sureties;  and  also  by 
your  recent  order  requiring  special  examiners  to  ascertain  the  credibility  of  wit- 
nesses in  cities  of  20,000  inhabitants  or  more,  and,  if  necessary,  to  cross-examine 
such  witnesses. 

With  the  amount  which  has  been  appropriated  for  the  present  fiscal  year  for  per 
diem,  subsistence,  and  expenses  of  special  examiners  it  will  be  simply  impossible  to 
make  any  material  impression  on  the  great  volume  of  pending  work,  nor  will  it  be 
possil)le  even  to  keep  employed  in  the  field  for  the  whole  of  the  fiscal  year  the  num- 
ber of  special  examiners  now  engaged  thereon. 

The  appropriation  for  the  j) resent  fiscal  year  was  estimated  on  a  basis  of  an  aiiiount 
of  work  pending  in  the  division  scarcely  one-third  as  great  as  at  present. 

Naturally,  the  work  of  this  division  must  increase,  and  is  increasing.  As  time 
passes,  claims  become  more  difficult  to  establish  on  account  of  the  death  of  wit- 
nesses, or  their  failure  to  recall  the  facts,  and,  if  recalled,  not  with  suflicient  certainty 
to  be  accerited,  and  only  by  special  investigation  can  the  true  merits  of  the  case  be 
ascertained. 

Furthermore,  since  the  advent  of  the  present  administration,  great  frauds,  exten- 
sive in  their  ramifications,  have  been  discovered  in  various  parts  of  the  countrj^, 
notably  the  Drury  frauds  at  Norfolk ;  the  Van  Leuven  frauds  at  Lime  Springs,  Iowa, 
and  the  Box  "K"  cases  of  Socorro,  N.  Mex. 

The  investigation  of  such  cases,  while  taking  considerable  time  and  money,  has 
resulted  in  financial  benefit  to  the  Government.  One  investigation  alone,  and  the 
only  one  in  which  an  estimate  of  any  degree  of  certainty  can  be  made,  that  of  the 
Dniry  cases,  shows  that  the  aggregate  amount  saved  on  susiiension  from  date  of 
lastiJayment  of  pension  is  $12^240.  A  great  number  of  these  pensioners  have  been 
dropped  from  the  rolls,  and  the  expectancy  of  futui-c  annual  savings  in  these  cases 
is  estimated  at  not  loss  than  $300,000.  Nearly  2.50  pending  claims  have  also  been 
rejected;  the  first  payment  alone  on  these  claims  would  have  aggregated  $48,000,  all 
of  which  would  have  be(?n  paid  out  of  the  Treasury  but  for  this  investigation. 

Your  attention  is  also  invited  to  the  last  appropriation  bill  which  reduces  the 
salaries  of  special  examiners  for  the  present  fiscal  year  from  $1,400  to  $1,300  per 
annum. 

In  view  of  the  importance  of  the  field  service,  the  very  best  talent  should  be  em- 
ployed in  ovder  that  the  desired  results  may  be  accomplished.  It  is,  therefore,  sug- 
gested that  a  recommendation  be  made  for  the  restoration  of  the  salaries  of  special 
examiners  to  $1,400  per  annum.  This  suggestion  is  liot  made  in  any  spirit  of  criti- 
cism of  the  action  of  Congress,  but  from  .the  desire  to  see  an  equitable  comi3ensation 
allowed  to  persons  who  are  engaged  upon  the  most  arduous  and  imjtortant  class  of 
work  connected  with  this  bureau. 

In  conclusion,  I  would  also  suggest,  in  view  ot  the  great  number  of  cases  now 
pending  special  investigation,  which  number  is  constantly  increasing,-  that,  in 
order  to  meet  the  exigencies  of  the  service,  Congress  be  called  upon  for  an  addi- 
tional appropriation  of  not  less  than  $300,000  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1894. 

Verj'  respectfully, 

Jaaies  R.  Fritts, 
Chief  Sj^ecial  Examination  Division. 

The  CoMMissiONKK  OF  Pensions. 


750  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


SUMMARY  OF  TABLES. 

Table  No.  1  shows  tliat  lliere  were  at  the  close  of  the  year  966,012  pensioners  classi- 
fied as  follows:  360,658  army  invalids,  284  army  nurses,  107,639  army  widows,  minor 
children,  anil  dependent  relatives;  4,782  navy  invalids;  2,583  navy  widows,  minor 
children,  and  dependent  relatives  (all  nnder  the  general  law);  365,084  army  invalids; 
77,838  army  widows,  minor  children,  and  dependent  relatives;  12,119  navy  invalids; 
4,114  navy  widows,  minor  children,  and  dependent  relatives,  all  pensioned  under  the 
act  of  June  27,  1890;  8G  survivors  of  the  war  of  1812;  5,425  widows  of  those  who 
served  in  that  war;  14,149  survivors  of  the  war  with  Mexico;  7,369  widows  of  those 
who  served  in  that  war;  2,544  survivors  of  the  Indian  wars  from  1832  to  1842,  and 
1,338  v<-idows  of  those  who  served  in  said  wars. 

There  were  added  to  the  rolls  during  the  year  the  names  of  121,630  new  pension- 
ers, and  the  names  of  2,004  who  had  previously  been  dropped  were  restored,  making 
an  aggregate  of  123,634  pensioners  added  during  the  year.  During  the  same  period 
the  names  of  33,690  persons  were  dropped  for  various  causes,  leaving  a  net  increase 
to  the  roll  of  89,944  names. 

The  average  value  of  each  pension  at  the  close  of  the  year  was  $135.10 ;  the  average 
annual  value  of  each  pension  under  the  general  law  was  $157.65,while  the  average 
annual  value  of  each  pension  under  the  act  of  Juno  27,  1890,  was  $113.75.  The  ag- 
gregate annual  value  of  all  pensions  at  the  close  of  the  year  was  $130,510,179.34. 

Table  No.  2  shows  that  during  the  year  33,690  pensioners  were  dropped  from  the 
rolls  for  various  causes.  This  table  is  prepared  in  such  a  manner  in  the  widows' 
class  as  to  show  the  niimberof  widows  with  and  tliose  without  minor  children,  tlie 
number  of  minor  children  who  were  pensioned  in  their  own  right,  and  the  number 
of  dependent  mothers,  fathers,  brothers,  sisters,  etc.  A  like  subdivision  has  been 
made  of  the  pensioners  dropped  from  the  rolls  who  were  placed  thereon  under  the 
act  of  Juno  27,  1890,  and  this  table  shows  also  the  whole  number  of  pensioners  on 
the  rolls,  with  the  widows'  class  under  the  general  law  and  under  the  aci  of  June 
27,  1890,  subdivided  in  each  instance  so  as  to  show  the  number  of  widows  with 
children,  of  widows  without  children,  of  children  pensioned  in  their  own  right, 
and  of  dependent  Inothers,  fathers,  brothers,  sisters,  etc. 

Table  No.  3  exhibits  the  amount  of  the  a])propriations  for  the  payment  of  pen- 
'Sious  for  the  tiscal  year  1893,  the  disbursements  for  said  purpose  dui'ing  that  period, 
and  the  unexpended  balances  thereof  at  the  close  of  the  year. 

Table  No.  4  shows  the  amount  paid  out  on  account  of  pensions  by  each  pension 
agent  under  each  item  of  appropriation,  as  shown  by  their  accounts  current. 

Table  No.  5  shows  the  amonnt  expended  for  army  pejisions  and  for  navy  pensions 
separately,  under  the  geneial  law,  so  arranged  as  to  show  the  amounts  respectively 
paid  to  invalids  and  to  widows  and  others. 

Table  No.  6  shows  the  information,  presented  in  .he  same  manner,  in  cases  which 
have  been  allowed  under  the  act  of  June  27, 1890. 

Table  No.  7  shows  the  amount  and  number  of  first  payments  made  at  the  pension 
agencies  during  the  year  in  each  class  of  cases.  It  will  be  seen  that  184,494  first 
payments  were  made  during  the  j'ear,  and  that  they  amounted  to  $33, 756, .549. 38.  It 
will  also  be  seen  that  the  average  value  of  all  original  payments  made  during  the 
year  was  $209.52;  that  the  average  value  of  original  payments  in  cases  allowed  under 
the  general  law  was  $458.21,  while  the  average  value  of  original  payments  in  cases 
allowed  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  was  $170.36.  The  amount  paid  as  fees  to 
attorneys  during  the  year  in  all  classes  of  cases,  was  $1,872,178.53. 

Table  No,  8  shows  the  number  of  cases  of  each  class  on  hand  at  the  pension  agen- 
cies and  unpaid  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year,  together  with  the  amounts  of  the  lirst 
payments  due  therein.  The  average  value  of  all  original  payments  due  on  said  date 
but  not  made  was  $240.19;  the  average  Aalue  of  original  payments  due  but  not  made 
in  cases  allowed  under  the  general  law  was  $508.11,  while  the  average  value  of  all 
first  payments  in  original  cases  allowed  under  the  act  .of  June  27,  1890,  due  but  not 
made,  was  $200.05. 

Table  No.  9  shows  the  amount  paid  for  pensions  each  year  since  1871  to  survivors 
and  widows  of  the  war  of  1812,  since  1887  to  survivors  and  widows  of  the  war  with 
Mexico.  This  table  also  furnishes  in  a  footnote  a  statement  showing  the  amount 
disbursed  during  the  fiscal  year  1893  to  survivors  and  widows  of  the  Indian  wars; 
These  pensioners  were  ])laced  upon  the  rolls  by  the  act  of  July  27,  1892. 

TaViie  No.  10  is  a  classified  statement  of  the  number  of  pensioners  on  the  rolls  of 
eacn  agency,  and  it  compares  the  aggregate  number  with  that  of  the  iirevious  year, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     75 1 

eL owing  in  each  class  the  net  increase  or  net  decrease.  It  will  he  seen  that  the  net 
increase  to  the  rolls  during  the  year  was  89,944. 

Table  No.  11  gives  the  location  and  geographical  limits  of  each  pension  agency, 
the  name  of  each  agent,  and  the  halance  of  funds  remaining  to  his  official  credit  at 
the  close  of  the  year.  These  balances  are  covered  into  the  Treasury  at  the  close  of 
the  vcar. 

Table  No.  12  shows  the  number  of  original  claims  filed  each  year  since  1861,  the 
number  allowed,  and  the  number  of  pensioners  on  the  rolls  at  the  close  of  each  year. 
Since  the  year  1861,  2,034,695  original  claims  have  been  filed  and  1,357,921  claims 
have  been' alio  wed.  Of  the  119.361  applications  for  original  pensions  filed  during 
tlie  fiscal  year  1893,  65,002  were  filed  by  invalids,  and  20,914  by  widows  and  others 
under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890.  In  the  total  number  of  claims  allowed  under  the 
acts  in  force  during  tlie  fiscal  year  1893  are  included  62,291  invalids  and  36,917 
widows  and' others,  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  as  well  as  2,599  suvvivors  and 
1,347  widows  of  the  Indian  wars,  and  286  army  nurses.  This  last-named  clas?s  have 
been  pensioned  under  the  act  of  Congress  approved  August  5,  1892.  Since  1871, 
80,071  claims  for  pensions  on  account  of  service  during  the  war  of  1812  have  been 
filed.  Of  this  number  34,939  have  been  filed  by  surviving  soldiers  and  sailors,  and 
45,132  by  the  w^idows  of  those  who  served  in  said  war.  During  the  fiscal  jear  1893 
no  applications  were  received  from  survivors  of  that  war,  but  49  applications  were 
filed  by  widows.  The  number  of  pensioners  on  the  rolls  at  the  close  of  each  year  is 
also  stated  in  this  table,  as  well  as  the  amount  disbursed  for  jiensions  each  year 
since  1861. 

Table  No.  13  shows  the  number  of  army  invalid  claims  under  the  general  law 
allowed  each  year  since  1861,  classified  and  arranged  so  tliat  in  each  year's  allow- 
ance it  is  shown  in  what  years  the  claims  were  filed.  The  whole  number  of  invalid 
claims  filed  is  given,  and  it  is  shown  what  percentage  of  the  number  of  claims  filed 
each  year  has  been  allowed. 

Table  No.  14  shows  the  diff'erent  monthly  rates  of  pensions  paid,  respectively,  to 
invalids  and  widows  and  others  under  the  general  law,  to  invalids  and  widows  and 
others  under  the  act  of  June  27, 1890,  as  well  as  to  the  survivots  and  widows  of  the 
war  of  1812  and  of  the  war  with  Mexico. 

Table  No.  15«hows  the  number  of  pensioners  in  each  State  and  Territory,  of  the 
United  States  and  the  number  in  each  foreign  country  on  the  rolls  .June  30,  1893, 
and  the  amount  paid  for  jiensions  during  the  fiscal  year  1893  in  each  State  and  Terri- 
tory and  in  each  foreign  country. 

Table  No.  16  shows  the  issue  of  certificates  during  the  fiscal  year  1893,  a  grand 
total  of  192,188. 

Table  No.  17  shows  the  operations  of  the  Army  and  Navy  survivors  division  of 
this  Bureau  during  the  fiscal  year  1893. 

Table  No.  18  shows  the  work  done  by  the  mail  division  of  this  Bureau  during 
the  fiscal  year.  It  will  be  seen  that  3,980,065  pieces  of  mail  matter  were  received 
during  the  year  and  properly  distributed  throughout  the  Bureau,  and  that  2,269,430 
letters  were  sent  oiit  of  the  Bureau  during  the  year. 

Table  No.  19  shows  in  brief  the  operations  of  the  special  examination  division 
during  the  year.  It  sets  forth  the  number  of  claims  acted  uiion  by  said  division 
and  the  expenditure  on  account  thereof  except  salaries. 

Table  No.  20  gives  the  names,  ages,  and  post-office  addresses  of  the  persons  who 
were  on  the  rolls  June  30,  1893,  as  either  the  widows  or  children  of  soldiers  of  the 
Revolutionary  war.  It  will  be  seen  that  there  were  15  widows  and  2  daughters, 
making  a  total  of  17  persons. 

Table  No.  21  gives  the  names,  ages,  service,  and  post-office  addresses  of  the  86 
survivors  of  the  war  of  1812,  who  were  on  the  pension  rolls  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal 
year. 

It  is  proper  to  add,  in  addition  to  the  information  herein  given,  that  during  the 
fiscal  year  1893  there  were  115,221  claims  to  pension  of  the  various  classes  rejected 
by  the  board  of  review. 

Claims  pending  Juhj  7,  1S93. 

Old  wars — Service  prior  to  March  4.  1861: 

Original  invalid '. 1,  783 

Original  widows 2,  284 

^ 4,  067 

Indian  wars— Act  July  27,  1892 : 

Original  invalid 1,  220 

Original  widows 2,  875 

4, 095 

Old  war — Restoration  and  increase 7,  655 

Bounty  laud 1,204 


752  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Service  since  Marcli  4,  1S61 : 

Original  invalid 123,581 

Original  widows 81,  361 

204,  942 

Act  of  June  27,  1890 : 

Original  invalid 93,554 

Original  widows 51,  020 

144,574 

Claims  nnder  act  of.Tnno  27,  1890,  additional  to  prior  apiilioatious 

on  lile  nnder  former  acts : 

With  pending  original  invalid 30,  594 

With  rejected  original  invalid 8,  030 

With  certificate  invalid  pending 25,. 383 

With  certificate  invalid  not  pending 43,  558 

With  pending  widow 14,  424 

With  rejected  widow 3, 164 

With  certificate  widow  i^ending". 189 

With  certificate  widow  not  pending 200 

125,  542 

Increase: 

Under  general  laws 140,  616 

Under  act  of  Jnne  27,  1890 70,  686 

211,  302 

Increase  and  accrned  widow 7, 106 

Army  nurses : 663 

Total 711,150 


REPOET    OF    THli!    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 


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Table  No.  2. — Xuinher  of  2)ens>oncrs  of  the  vorious  classes  dropped  from  the  rolls  during 
the  near,  icilli  the  cause,  and  ihc  number  of  each  class  on  the  rolls  June  30,  1SD3., 


Classes. 

Bv 

Oeath. 

By 

i-emar- 
riage. 

Minors 
by  legal 
limita- 
tion. 

By  fidl- 
urc  to 
claim. 

For 

other 
causes. 

Total 
number 
of  pen- 
sioners 
dropped 
from  the 
rolls. 

Total 
number 
(if  pen- 
sioners 
of  all 
classes 
on  tlio 
rolls. Tune 
30. 1893. 

Gencrallatv. 

9, 428 
4,349 

950 

1,202 

11,  580 

2 

8,460 

365,  440 

Army  r.nd  Navy <  Xiirses 

(  Widows,  etc.. 

2.-54 

1,  095 

1,390 

1,450 

170 

110,  222 

Total  

13,  779 

1,095 

1,390 

2,400 

1,372 

20,  042 

475,  946 

Classification  of  widows'  roll— general 
law : 

1,617 

187 

7 

1,846 
690 

2 

7,651 
1,  492 

445 

G3C 

i4 

'  "£.'396' 

524 
51 

'""'g77" 
189 

9 

69 

77 

9 

9 

6 

270 
292 

2,655 

951 

1,412 

2,546 

885 

11 

7.921 
2.  713 

59,  825 

17,  802 

2,970 

24,  073 

Fatliprs           .           

5,452 

Brothers    and    sisters,    dependent 

100 

Act  June  HT,  ISOO. 
Ar-yandXavy \^^^:^:. 

377,  203 

48U 

449 

81,  952 

Total             

9,143 

480 

449 

562 

10,634 

459,155 

Classification  of  widows'  roll — act  June 
27,1890: 

682 
238 

4 
350 
215 

3 

59 

S70 

214 

2C0 

129 
98 
9 

42 
14 

1,025 
602 
4G2 
392 
229 
3 

48,  004 

21,  727 

449 


2.706 

6,  221 

1 

3, 249 

1 

45 

TTar  of  1S12. 

15 

200 

7 
9 

81 
1,242 

86 

3    

5,425 

Total      .  

1,029 

3 

275 

16 

1,  323 

5,511 

TTfO'  witli  J/c.rifo. 

1 70 
224 

166 

105 

337 
5 

1.273 
354 

14. 149 

20 

7,369 

Tot-d                       

994 

20 

271 

342 

1.627 

21.  518 

Indian  irars,  lS3^-lSi?. 

52 

8 

3 
1 

55 
9 

2,544 

1:::::::: 

1,338 

Total  

60 

1 

1            ^ 

64 

3,882 

1 

Gra' d  total     

25,  005 

1,598 

1,845 

2,946 

2.296 

33,  690 

966, 012 

Total  nun;ber  of  children  on  the  rolls:  General  law,  29,489;  act  June  27.  1S90,  44,243. 
This  table  does  not  include  the  cases  which,  during  the  year,  were  dropped  from  the  roll  under  the 
general  law  and  pensioned  under  the  act  of  Juno  27,  ISOO,  lia  ■'  additional"  cases. 


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REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 


761 


Table  No.  9. — Sfafementofamoiinis  paid  for  pensions  io  ihc  survivors  of  the  u-arof1S12 
and  to  the  u-idows  of  those  who  served  in  that  war,  since  1S71,  and  to  the  survivors  of  the 
war  with  Mexico  and  to  the  widows  of  those  who  served  in  that  war,  since  1SS7. 


Fiscal  year  of^ 


1871  (From  Feb. 

14,  1871)  

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878  (from  March 

9.  1S78.) 

1879 

188J 

18S1 

1882 

1SS3 

1834 

18S5 

18S6 

1887 

18S8 

1889 

18!;0 

1891 

1892 

1893 


Varof  1812. 


Survivors.    Widows. 


$2.  555.  05 
1,977,415.84 
2,  078,  606.  98 
1,  588,  832.  95 
1,  355,  599.  86 
1,089,037.18 
934,  657.  82 


7C8, 

1,014. 

790, 

621, 

478, 

357, 

278, 

207, 

144, 

105, 

73, 

52, 

38, 

22 

n. 

10, 


918.47 
525.  66 
710. 39 
612.  80 
274.  85 
334. 81 
888.  85 
782. 80 
389.  59 
837.01 
659. 48 
800.  27 
847.  09 
504.  64 
908.  93 
494.  27 


$511.  CO 
335,  993.  63 
689,  303.  59 
616,  026.  40 
533,  000.  21 
445,  772.  95 
361,548.91 


Total '14,005,195.59 


294, 
2, 192, 
2,  658, 
2,381, 
2,  024, 
1.  882, 
1,  686, 
1,518, 
1,  458. 
1.  765, 
1,  596, 
1,  397, 
1,  263, 
1,  040. 
827, 
721, 


572.  05 
699. 54 
058. 14 
800.  95 
207.  63 
542. 41 
302. 09 
202.  39 
896.  44 
582.  36 
604.  96 
487.  09 
239. 37 
284. 41 
080.  53 
060. 32 


Total  dis- 
bursements. 


$3,  066.  05 
2,  313, 409.  47 
2,  767,  910.  57 
2,  204, 849.  35 
1,  888,  600.  07 
1,  534,  810. 13 
1, 296,  206.  73 


063, 
207, 
448, 
003, 
502, 
239, 
965, 
725, 
003, 
871, 
670. 
450, 
302, 
062. 
838, 
731, 


"U'ar  with  Mexico. 


Survivors.         Widows.      ,  ^*'*''''  '^'^" 
burseiueuts. 


$53, 148.  68 
1, 861,  756. 07 
1,  796.  899.  30 
1,  728, 027. 54 
1.  622, 114.  75 
1,  425, 258. 18 
1, 396,  392.  38 


27, 690, 767.  37   41,  695,  962. 


9,  883,  596.  90 


.$2,  4.58. 08 
583,  050.  28 
693, 572. 45 
095,  054.  90 
695,  314. 52 
686,  733.  57 
736,  173. 41 


$55,  606.  76 
2, 444,  812.  35 
2, 490,  471.  75 
2,  423,  082. 44 
2,  317, 429.  27 
2,111,991.75 
2, 132,  565.  79 


4,  092,  303.  21    13,  975,  900. 11 


Amount  disbursed  to  Indian  war  pensioners  (Act  July  27,  1892) : 

Survivors $158.  076. 26 

Widows 66,  434.  05 

Total 224,510.31 


7G2 


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764 


PAPERS    ACCOMPAXYIXG    THE 


Takle  Xo.  12. — Xuinbcr  of  jiciision  claims  filed  and  nllowed  each  year  since  July,  ISGl, 

amount  paid  on  account  of 


Army. 

Kavy.             Army  and  Xavj'. 

"War  of  1812. 

Fiscal  year 
eniiiiii; 

Aiiplicatioiis 
filed. 

Applications 
filed. 

CLaims  allowed. 

^  ^^filed"""'*     Claims  allowed. 

Juuo  30 — 

Invalids. 

"VTid- 

0W8, 

etc. 

Invalids. 

Wid- 

OW.S, 

etc. 

AVid- 

luvalids.     ows, 

etc. 

Sur- 
vi-»rs. 

Wid- 
ows. 

Sur- 
vivors. 

Wid- 
ows. 

1861 

1 

1862 1.  362 

1,  0-10 

22,  377 
32,  027 
44,  464 
28,  732 
20,  205 

13,  090 

14,  496 
11,400 

8,985 
6,  755 
6,427 
5,603 
5,  294 
5,264 
5,269 
6,661 
9,767 
25.  602 
10,  527 

10,  349 
11.878 

11,  289 
11,557 
13,  328 

15,  759 
18,  444 

23.  597 
28,  365 
17,  521 
15,  765 

12,  000 

60 
290 
385 
455 
350 
250 
170 
290 
260 
190 
240 
248 
228 
310 
344 
271 
300 
599 
1,361 
515 
472 
777 
671 
725 
862 
836 
1,251 
1,312 
2,162 
1,404 
742 
654 

65 
285 
324 
460 
375 
833 
207 
245 
200 
142 
178 
120 
151 
178 
130 

97 
131 
215 
559 
225 
211 
251 
244 
277 
265 
338 
427 
579 
788 
590 
404 
358 

413 

4,121 

17,  041 

15,212 

22.  883 

16, 589 

9,460 

7,  292 

5,721 

7,934 

6,468 

6, 551 

5,937 

5,760 

5,360 

7,  282 

7,414 

7,242 

10, 176 

21,  394 

22, 946 

32, 014 

27, 414 

27, 580 

34^,  937 

35,  283 

35,  843 

36,  830 
50,  395 
41,  381 
17,  876 
10,  232 

49 

3,763 

22, 446 

24,959 

27, 294 

19,  893 

19,  461 

15.  904 

12,  50O 

8,399 

7,244 

4,073 

3, 152 

4,730 

4,376 

3,801 

3,550 

3,379 

4,455 

3,920 

3,999 

5,303 

6,366 

7,743 

8,610 

11.217 

10,  816 

11,  924 
14,612 
11,  914 

7,  287 
7,295 

1 

1863 26.  38U 

1864 '       20,263 

1865 27.299 

t 

1800 

35,  799 

15,  905 

7,  292 
11,035 
12,  991 

8,  837 

8,  857 
8,728 

9,  302 
11,926 
17,  030 

16,  532 
18.812 

36,  835 
110,  673 

IS,  455 
29,  004 

35,  039 
28.  902 
27,  959 
35, 202 

36,  484 
47,  505 
52, 152 
71,  570 
20,  519 

17,  432 
9,213 

1 

1867 

1 

1868 

1,^69 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1881 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1880 

1887 

1888.^ 

1889 

3890 

1891 

1892      .... 



20,741 

6,546 

1,  481 

737 

425 

319 

198 

2,786 

811 

295 

109 

85 

61 

52 

27 

24 

17 

23 

14 
166 

11 

11 

5.074 

3,  815 

1.299 

713 

571 

436 

348 

15,  897 

8,891 

2,976 

1,285 

818 

770 

567 

373 

304 

313 

223 

183 

16 

140 

71 

49 

198 

17,  504 

3,180 

503 

240 

73 

57 

817 

2,548 

284 

115 

26 

23 

24 

18 

5 

8 

2 

8 

4 

4 

2 

2 

31 

3,117 

2.  242 

SIO 

416 

108 

126 

181 

18, 177 

4,  630 

1,065 

093 

822 

388 

426 

305 

231 

251 

181 

108 

79 

46 

16 

1893 

Total... 

835,  354   474, 466  j      18,  984       9,  358 

559,  981 

304, 500 

34,  939  1  45, 132 

25, 711 

35, 409 

In  the  total  number  of  applications  filed  in  1893  are  included  65,002  invalids  and  20,914  widows,  etc., 
nurses.  In  the  number  of  claims  allowed  in  1893  are  included  62,291  invalids  and  36,917  widows,  etc., 
In  the  number  of  peusiouers  ou  tlie  roll,  under  the  heads  of  '■invalids  "and  ' '  widows,  etc.,"  are  respect- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


765 


avd  the  namher  of  pensioners  on  the  rolls  at  Ihe  close  of  each  year,  together  with  the  annual 
pensions  since  July  1,  ISCO. 


TTar  with  Mexico, 

Total 
number 

XumlicT  of  pensioners  on 
the  roll. 

^PP^\«^^tions     Claims  allowed. 

Total 

TiiiniVier 
of  appli- 

Disbursements. 

Sur-        Wid-    1     Sur-    i    "Wid- 
vivors.     ows.    i  vivors. ;    ows. 

t               ' 

cations 
tiled. 

allowetl. 

Invalids. 

"Widows, 
etc. 

Total. 

1 

4,337 

4.299 

8,63C 
8,159 
14,  791 
51.135 
85, 9S0 
126,  722 
153. 183 
169,643 
187.  963 
198,  686 
207.  495 
232.  299 
238,  411 
236. 241 
234. 821 
232, 137 
232. 104 
223. 998 
242,  755 
250,  802 
268, 830 
285,  697 
303,  658 
323,  756 
345, 125 
365, 783 
406,  007 
452,  557 
489,  725 
537, 944 
676, 160 
876,  068 
966.  012 

$1,  072,  461.  55 
790.  384.  76 

2,487 
49,  332 
53,  599 
72,  684 
65,  256 
,36,753 
20,  768 
26,  066 
24,851 

43.  909 
26,  391 
18.  303 
16,  734 
18,  704 
23,  523 
22,  715 

44,  587 
57, 118 

141,466 
31,116 

40,  939 

48,  776 

41,  785 
40,  918 

49,  895 
72,  465 
75,  726 
81,  220 

10.5,  044 
363,  799 
198,  345 
119,361 

462 
7,884 

39,  487 

40,  171 
50, 177 
36,  482 
28,  921 
23, 190 
18,  221 
16,562 
34,  333 
16.  052 

10,  462 
11.152 

9.977 

11,  326 
11 ,  962 

4,341 

7,821 

23,  479 

35,  880 

55, 652 

69,  565 

75,  957 

82,  859 

87.  521 

93.  394 

113,954 

119,  500 

121,  628 

122,  989 
124,  239 
128,  723 
131    649 

3,818 

6.970 

27.  050 

50, 106 

71,070 

83,  618 

93,  686 

105, 104 

111,165 

114. 101 

118, 275 

118,  911 

114, 613 

111,8,32 

107,  898 
103,  381 

92,  349 

104, 140 

105,392 

104, 720 

103,  064 

97,  616 

97,  286 

97,  979 

95, 437 

99,  709 

108,  850 
IIR,  026 
122,  290 
139,  339 
172,  826 
206,  306 

1 

1,025,139  91 

4,  504,  616.  92 

::: "  t 

8,  525. 153. 11 

1 

13.459  996  43 

18.  619, 956. 46 
24,  010, 981. 99 
28.  4'>2  884  08 

; 

27,780  811  81 

i    

33.  077,  383. 63 

[ 

30, 169. 341.  00 

1 

29, 185,  289.  62 

1 

30,  593,  749.  56 

1 

29,  683, 1 16. 63 

1 

28,  351, 599.  69 

1 

28,  580, 157.  04 

j 

26.  844,  415. 18 

31  346       I?-!*  015 

33,  780,  526. 19 

1 

19.  545 
27,  394 
27,  664 
38, 102 
34, 192 
35, 707 

145,  410 
164. 110 
182,  633 
206,  042 
225, 470 
247, 146 

57,  240,  540. 14 

:...::::i::::::    ::: 

50,  626,  538. 51 

1 

54,  296,  280.  54 

1 

60,431,972.85 

1 

57,  273,  536.  74 

1 

65,  693,  706.  72 

1 

40,  857 

270,  346 

64, 584,  270. 45 
74,815.486.85 
79,  646,  140.  37 
89, 131, 908. 44 
106,  493,  890. 19 
118,  548.  959.  71 
141,  086,  948. 84 
158, 155,  342. 51 

14,  735 

5,045 

2,032 

1,009 

706 

395 

428 

3,983 
2,808 
1,301 
968 
875 
759 
794 

7,552 
9,048 
1,  722 
794 
336 
416 
205 

003 
4,201 
1,206 
678 
385 
550 
440 

55, 194 
00,  252 
51,921 
66,  637 
156.  486 
224,  047 
121,  630 

306,  298 
343, 701 
373,  699 
415,  654 
536.  821 
703.  242 
759,  706 

24,  350 

11, 488 

20,073 

8,363  [2,034,695 

1,357,921    jl, 576, 503,  544. 42 

nnder  the  act  of  June  27,  1890;  4.505  survivors  and  4,514  widows  of  the  Indian  wars,  and  930  Army 
under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890;  2,599  survivor.s  andl.o47  widows  of  the  Indian  wars,  and2SG  Aimy  nurses. 
i\  ely  included  all  male  and  female  pensioners  of  every  class. 


766 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Tatjle  No.  13. — Army  vivalhl  claims  under  ihe  general  law  allowed  each  year  since  July 
and  alloued  in  ihe  re])ort  years,  giviny  also  ihe  tvJtole  iiumher  filed  each 


Tears 

in 
winch 
claim.' 
wore 
filed. 

The  several  ycar.<(  in  which  the  claims  were  allowed  and  the  number  allowed  each  year. 

1862.  18G3. 

1864. 

1865. 

1866. 

1867. 

1868. 

1869. 

1870. 

1871. 

1872. 

1873. 

1874. 

1875. 

1S76. 

1877. 

1878. 

1862.. 
1863 

305 

258 
3,057 

131 
9.331 
7,303 

27 
1,138 
3,459 
10,  045 

19 
517 
844 

7,819 
12,  724 

20 

395 

562 

1,863 

9,292 

12 

235 

253 

685 

9.  ,^11 

11 
185 

12 
143 

20 
293 
239 
.382 
732 
724 
502 
1.284 

6 
156 

139 
198 
440 
349 
218 
493 
1,639 
1,946 
434 

6 

110 

96 

132 

251 

356 

196 

3O0 

799 

1,055 

1,C38 

16 
129 
107 
100 
211 
149 
172 
182 
441 
438 
1   018 

4 
159 

101 

92 

185 

153 

89 

142 

273 

348 

371 

674 

1,869 

937 

5 

121 

84 

96 

145 

88 

56 

124 

167 

214 

278 

342 

606 

2,243 

624 

-       7 

139 

126 

113 

187 

154 

62 

97 

197 

149 

276 

461 

593 

1,169 

2,595 

777 

4 
147 
109 
122 
202 
139 
59 
102 
132 
125 
214 
253 
243 
483 
1,844 
2,217 
908 

1864 

166     114 

4171     223 

1.  l-oOl     529 

1865 

1 

1866  . 

1 

1867 

1 

3,  586  3.  6261. 1.32i     525 

1868 

1          1 

1,641 

1, 692'     421 

1869 

1 

2,  238 

2,208 

1870 

j 

1,  040  3.  094 

1871 

1 

342 

1872 

1 

1873 

1 

1,3221.762 

1874 

1 

794 

1875 



1876 

1877 

■ 

1878 

1879 

18S0 

1 

i 

1 

18S1 

- 

188' 

1883 

( 

I 

1884 

j 

1 

1883 

...       1 

1886 

[ 

( 

1887 

1888 

1 

1889 

1 

1890 

:i:::::: 

1891 

1 

1892 

1 

1 

1893 

j 

1 . 

5,193 

"Total 

305 

3,915 

10, 76514,  G69  21,  923  15, 718'8,  903  6, 991 
II            1            11 

5,  215  7, 612 

6,018 

6,261 

5,519 

5,397 

7,102  7,303 

1 

Note. — The  total  number,    10,029,  of  claims  allowe<l  in  1893  excludes  33  old  war  inTalids  which  are 
Included  in  the  number  of  army  invalids  as  reported  in  Table  No.  1. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 


■G7 


/,  ISGl,  shoicing  in  each  year's  alloicance  ihe  nvmher  of  those  which  were  filed  each  year 
year  and  the  percentage  of  the  number  allowed  out  of  those  filed  each  year. 


T 

ho  several  years  in  which  the  cl 

lims  were  all 

jwed  and  the  num 

tier  allowed  e 

.".eh  year. 

Total. 

1879. 

1880. 

1881. 

1882. 

1883. 

1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892.    1893. 

5 

24 

78 

38 

18 

9 

10 

15 

17 

9 

10 

7 

10 

5           1      1.131 

135 

281 

415 

392 

384 

263 

280 

269 

248 

230 

191 

195 

150 

69 

60 

20,  417 

1(10 

223 

395 

328 

305 

240 

264 

220 

220 

194 

142 

138 

121 

49 

43 

10,  695 

9? 

172 

335 

234 

284 

189 

204 

168 

1€0 

110 

125 

121 

85 

32 

27 

24.625 

1.5S 

257 

477 

368 

335 

255 

236 

219 

208 

177 

136 

130       125 

5o 

43 

31,  739 

104 

190 

339 

281 

262; 

202 

263 

137 

184 

131 

107 

97!        77 

58 

21 

13, 464 

40 

109 

177 

99 

1241 

93 

190 

80 

92 

61 

52i        51 

31 

24 

11 

6,351 

54 

143 

312 

267 

203 

180 

282 

141 

141 

115 

92|        90 

69 

43 

16|     9, 323 

121 

220 

451 

379 

319! 

243 

363 

233 

234 

164 

138;       115 

133 

50 

21!  10,95t; 

100 

223 

368 

293 

243 

218 

241 

211 

165 

125 

116 

116 

78 

35 

19|     7,173 

153 

251 

404 

328 

288 

231 

314 

226 

193 

144 

116 

110 

81 

39 

16,    7,12:; 
I9I    7,60f 

123 

257 

454 

330 

274 

209 

221 

197 

180 

101 

103 

136 

93 

31 

188 

328 

497 

384 

312 

213 

385 

254 

213 

109 

117 

128 

110 

33 

19|     7, 45  > 

273 

455 

750 

559 

478 

349 

401 

323 

277 

239 

158 

170       137 

52 

22 

9,541- 

608 

7581  1,219 

905 

773 

578 

630 

570 

565 

413 

316 

338 

267 

77 

38 

13, 118 

1,464 

l,063i  1,570 

1,050 

1,  0061 

709 

740 

698 

018 

444 

331 

340 

284 

79 

29 

13,  419 

^  5(W 

1,806   2,385 

1,400 

986' 

888 

879 

816 

773 

559 

413 

475 

326 

111 

47 

15,  340 

2,685   7,767 

4,865 

4,116 

2,  293'  2,  045!  1,  819    1,  618 

1, 065       830 

870 

605 

205 

79;  31,651 

203   2,358 

9,82517,626  12,277   9,706   9,  .529'  7,880 

5,613    3,895 

4,159:  2,814 

099 

4721  87,416 

155 

157    1,350 
133   1.485 

1,6.51    1,499    1,555    1,463 
2,326   2,2451  2,667,  2,526 

2, 5791  2,517!  3.279   3,188 
917    2.434   3.092!  2.736 

1, 109       909 
2,038    1,512 
2,720    2,090 
2.  .363    1,834 
2,696   2,038 
5,423    3,849 
6.383   5,317 
2,2-34    9.499 

1, 030!      799 
1,709!  1,228 

2,  303;  1,  095 
1.920   1,380 
2, 182,  1,  429 

3,  714   2, 163 
4,9671  2.826 
9,240   4,476 

12,  I8O'  7,  784 
2,  407  10. 375 

259 
427 
018 
521 
503 
098 
948 
1,  026 

102    12,038 

200]  18,490 

1 

582 

283!  21,854 

•      1 

248    17,454 

8IO1  3.901.  3.443 

226   17,228 

1 

883 

5,842 
1,506 

380,  22,952 

483   22,430 

1 

::::::t :i::.... 

789   27.864 

1 

!          : 

1,  557 

2,555!  1,512   2.5,  .588 

1 

1                         1 

5,2.32!  2,886,  20,900 

] 

1       ...1 ' 

1 

706 

1,804,  1,2301     3,740 

1 

1 

1 

207i       612!         819 

1                         '             1             1 

69!          69 

i             i 

!                             '          \ 

7,073 

9, 718  20, 912 

i 

22, 615  31,  758  27, 117  27, 225  31,  55234,  702 

!           1           1           i           1 

35,0S9  35,999|49,453 

40,  453  17,  425:10,  029  545, 989 

1            1            1 

Per  cent 

j 

Per  cent 

Knmber  of 

of  claims 

Number  of 

of  claims 

Yp 

ars  in  which 

claims 

invalid 

allowed 

!      Y 

jar.s  in  which  claims 

invalid 

allowed 

were  tilec 

claims  filed 
each  veai-. 

of  each 
years 

were  filed. 

claimsfiled 
each  year. 

of  each 
year  3 

tiling. 

filing. 

1862      

1,302 

26,  380 

20,  203 

27. 299 

35,  799 

15, 905 

7.  292 

11.035 

12.  991 

8,837 

8,857 

8,728 

9,302 

11.  920 

17,  030 

10  53'' 

83.0 
77.4 
82.4 
90.2 
88.0 
84.6 
87.1 
84.5 
84.3 
81.2 
80.4 
87.2 
80.1 
80.0 
77.0 
81  2 

1879 

!  1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 

*  1885 
1886 

■  1887 
1888 

1  1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 

36,  835 
110,073 
IS.  455 
20,  004 
35,  039 
28,  902 
27, 959 
35,  202 
36,204 
47,  349 
51, 919 
71,318 
20, 199 
17, 254 
9,120 

80.4 

1863 

79.0 

1864                                     

65.2 

18G5       

63.7 

1806 

62.3 

1867 

60.2 

186S                          

61.6 

1S69       

65.2 

1870    

61.9 

1871 

58.8 

1872      

49.4 

1873 

27.9 

1874 

13.6 

1875                        

4.7 

1876        , 

0.  075 

1877 

1878 

18  8''^ 

81    5 

Total 

833,  34-2 

7G8 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Taiu.e  No.  14. — Statement  slioiving  the  different  monthly  rates  of  pension  and  the  num'ber 
pensioned  at  each  rate  of  the  Army  and  Xavy  invalids,  of  the  Army  and  Xavy  icidotvs, 
minors,  and  dependents  (war  of  1S61)  on  the  rolU  under  the  general  lau\  June  30,  1S9.'!, 
and  a  similar  classification  of  those  on  the  rolls  at  the  same  date  under  the  act  of  June 
37,  1S90,  and  as  survivors  and  tvidows  of  the  ivar  of  1812  and  with  Mexico. 


Eato. 

Invalids. 

Widows,  etc. 

Kate. 

Invalids. 

Widows,  etc. 

Army. 

Xavy.j  Total. 

Army.  Kavy.'  Total. 

Army. 

Xavy. 

Total. 

Army. 

Navy. 

Total. 

$1.00 
2.  00 

9 
10,  066 
1 
1 
3 
574 
1 

106 

37,  486 

148 

518 

1 

22 

4 

9 

36,  364 

42 

3 

1 

65 

349 

10 

62,  386 

1 

12 

462 

1 

5 

469 

13 

10 

3 

31, 189 

1 

6 

10 

1 

1 

1 

65 

169 

1 

16 

8 

50,  297 

1 

14 

131 

307 

598 

4 

4 

22 

1 

7 

20,  634 

17 

4 

3 

2,  844 

3 

"n.'oTC 

8 
14 
17 

1 
11           10 
108    10  174 

1 

$17.  00 
17.25 
17.50 
17.75 
18.  00 
18.  25 
18.50 
18.75 
19.00 
19.25 
19.50 
20.00 
20.25 
20.50 
20.75 
21.00 
21.25 
21.50 
22.  00 

22.  50 
23.25 

23.  75 
24.00 
24.50 
25.00 
25.25 
25.75 
26. 25 
20.75 
27.00 
27.50 
28.00 
28.75 
29.50 
30.00 
30.75 
31.00 

31.  25 

32.  00 
32.  50 
33.00 
33.50 
35.00 
35.50 
36.00 
37.00 
37.50 
38.50 
40.00 
40.25 
45.00 
48.00 
49.00 
50.00 
51.00 
53.  00 
55.00 
57.00 
60.00 
72.00 
75.  00 
90.00 

100. 00 
166. 66| 
208.  33i 
416.  665 

Total . 

26,  971 

1 

24 

2 

1,  679 

i.^ 

101 

13 

6 

'5,' 239 
1 
1 
2 
2 
4 

""3,"  177 

105 

2 

2 

21,  889 

1 

2,999 

1 

C 

1 
978 
8 
1 
1 

"is,"  608 

3 

32 

i 

2 

'3,076 

i 

53 

"'2,' .56:! 

2 

2 

395 

272 
2 
10 

"36 
5 
2 
3 
1 

3 

135 

i 

2 

1 

i 

74 

8 

292 

1 

91 

3 

2 

28 





1 

247 

1 
1 

3 

6 

2 
2 
4 
2 
38 
1 

i 

1 

1 

23 
4 

27,  243 

3 

34 

2 

1,709 

.5 

17 

104 

14 

6 

3 

5,374 

1 

2 

4 

3 

4 

1 

3,251 

113 

2 

2 

22, 181 

2 

3,090 

1 

3 

6 

3 

1,000 

8 

1 

1 

1 

15,  855 

1 

4 

32 

3 

6 

3 

2 

6 

2 

3,114 

1 

1 

1 

54 

1 

2,526 

2 

2 

399 

2,471 

5 

2,476 

2  ''o 

""ih 
i 

4 

1 

1 

3 

593 

1 

1 

no 

2  50 

60 

i 

2.66= 

61 

3.00 

3. 12* 

3.25' 

8.75 

4.00 

472    37.9.58 

4.25 

""37 

i 

"353 
1 

i 

4 

1 

808 

3 

4 
418 

2 

7 

...... 

4 
9 

148 

555 

1 

23 

4 

9 

36,  717 

43 

3 

1 

65 

1 

353 

11 

63, 194 

1 

5.00 

2,011 

156 

2,  767 

5.25 

5.33i 
5.  66f 

6.00 

6.25 

1 

6.37* 

6  75 

j 

7.00 

1 

7.25 

! 

7.50 

2 

1 

2 

8.00 
8.12* 

584         12 

596 

724 

124 

818 

8.25 

12 

402 

1 

5 

472 

13 

17 

7 

31,  607 

1 



8.  50 

8.62J 
8.75 

1 

9  00 

9  25 

■■ 

9.  50 

9.75 

1 

10.00 
10.  20 

5 

1 

6 

695 

213 

908 

10.  25 

8 

17 

1 

1 

12 

10.  50 

1 

10.  (52* 

1 

1 

10.  0(ij 

10.  75 

n.oo 

69 

178 

1 



11.25 



11.33J 

2 

2 

1).50 

4I          20 
31         11 

1].  75 

12.00 
12. 12| 

563 

""'26 
1 

8 
8 

6 

i 

193 
3 
3 

""95 
1 

2 

5 

173 

1 

50,  860 

1 

14 

157 

98, 920 

1,880 

100,800 

1 

1 

12.  25 

14 

4 

18 

12  50 

12.  75 

308 

606 

12 

4 

28 

1 

8 

20,  827 

20 

7 

3 

2,  939 

1 

5 

17,  24S 
9 

18 
17 



2 

2 

13.00 

1.^.  25 

13.  33i 

61 

1 

5 

is 

5 
1 
2 

63 

i 

2 

1 

124 

13.  50 

1 

13.60 

1 
1 
1 

11 

3,085 

1 

2 

27 

"""98 
3 

1 
1 
1 

11 

3,183 

1 

2 

30 

•13.75 

14.00 
14.  25 

3 



3 

i 

14.50 

14.75 

5 

15.00 
15.25 

1,452 

119 

1,571 

ii 

15.50 

6 

15.75 

1 

16.00 

1 

1 

2 



2 

16  25 

16.50 

300,  658 

4,782 

365, 440 

107, 639 

2,583 

110.222 

16.75 

KEPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 


7G9 


Table  No.  11. — Statement  showing  the  different  monthly  rates  of  pension  and  the  numbo' 
pensioned  at  each  rate,  etc. — Coiitiuued. 

ACT  OF  JUXe"27,  1800. 


Eate. 

Invalids. 

■Wido-iTS,  etc. 

Army. 

Navy. 

Total. 

Army. 

Kavy. 

Total. 

$6. 00 

69,818 

5 

79, 464 

17,  067 

1 
108,  729 

2,682 

72,  500 

5 

82, 132 

17,  656 

1 

204, 909 

7  00         

8.00 

2,608 
580 

G8,  52G           3, 956 

72,  482 

10  00        

11.  (jO  .' 

12.00  

6,180 

9,312  i            158 

9,470 

Total 

305,  084 

12, 119 

377,  203 

77,838           4  1U 

81,  952 

War  of  1812. 

War  with  Mexico. 

Kr.to. 

Surviv- 
ors. 

TTidovra. 

Total. 

Surviv- 
ors. 

1 
Widows. !     Total. 

i 

$8.  00 

SO 

80 
5,410 

14, 093 
4 
2 

7,302 

21  -^dS 

12.  00 

5,410 

15.  00 ■ 

2 

16.  00 1 

1 
1 
4 

1 

1 
5 

2 

2 

18.  00 

20.  00 

1 

23 
2 

11 
7 
1 
1 
3 

2 

T) 

24.00 

•1 

25.  00 

1 
3 
1 

7 
2 

8 
5 

1 

1 

12 

30  00     

9 

40.  00 

1 

50.  00 

1 

72.  00 ' 

3 

Total 

80   i          5.  4'>.T 

5,511 

14, 149 

7  360  i        ">!  SI" 

Ab.  93- 


-49 


770 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Table  No.  15. — The  number  of  pensioners  in  eacli  State  and  Territory  of  the  United  States 
and  in  each  foreign  countri/  on  the  rolls  June  SO,  1S93,  and  the  amount  ])aid  for  pensions 
during  the  fiscal  year  1S93  in  each  State  and  Territory  and  each  foreign  country. 


United  States. 


Alabama 

Alaska  Territory 

Arizona  Territory 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia  . . . 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho  

Illinois 

Indiana 

Indian  Territory  .' 

Iowa '. 

Kansas 

Kentucky , 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan  

Minnesota  

Mississipj)! 

Missouri 

Montana , 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico  Territory  , 

New  York '. . 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma  Territory . . . 

Oregon  

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas  

TJtah  Territory 

Vermont 

Virginia 

AVashington  

"West  Virginia 

"Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Total. 


No. 


487 
21 
503 
7!»4 
523 
001 
G15 
G90 
GG5 
408 
017 
859 
718 
896 
341 
100 
353 
055 
315 
370 
113 
305 
3C9 
303 
971 
439 
095 
119 
235 
705 
507 
099 
473 
741 
514 
981 
002 
922 
822 
.221 
C36 
070 
343 
,471 
702 
,068 
739 
,  C83 
,290 
,012 
570 


901,917 


$450. 

2. 

84, 

1,  523 

2, 080. 

924 

1,  340. 

458. 

1,  713, 
376 
365 
132 

11,  019. 

11,  703 

312 

C,  175. 

7,103 

4,  890 

070. 

3,  433 

2,  084, 
G,  881 
7, '760, 

2,  605, 
023 

8,  840 
171, 

3,  020 

36 

1,558 

3,  280. 

187. 

13,  817 

631 

226. 

17,  320, 

023. 

062 

15, 177 

408 

224 

820 

2,  922. 

1, 025 

104 

1,  706 

1, 199. 

706. 

2,130. 

4,378 

90 


102. 15 
995.  33 
072.  55 
308.  58 

684. 12 
354. 14 
354.  07 
058.  62 

739. 97 
496.  07 
573.  01 
714. 48 

932. 98 
434.01 
246.12 
811.71 
003.  74 

817. 13 
219. 86 
172.  33 
875. 19 
243.  00 
227.  02 
437.  30 
442.  66 
521.92 
650.  77 
287. 21 
009. 28 
429. 25 
172. 94 
029.  29 
895.  87 
740.  24 
432.  82 
082. 81 
643.  85 
877. 25 
339. 44 
801. 38 
825. 44 
874.  CI 
002.  57 
377.  80 
864. 07 
005. 90 
388.  02 

434. 16 
009. 72 
353. 50 
870.  25 


156,073,500.10 


Foreign  countries. 


Argentine  Republic 

Australia 

Austria-Hungary 

Bahama 

Belgium 

Bermuda 

Bolivia 

Br.izil 

British  Columbia 

Bulgaria 

Canada 

Central  America 

Chile 

China 

Comoro  Islands 

Corea 

Cuba 

Denmark 

Fiji  Islands 

France...!. 

Germany 

Great  Britain 

Greece 

Guatemala 

Hawaii 

Honduras  

India 

Italy 

Japan 

Libiria 

Miideira 

Malta 

Mauritius 

Mexico 

Netherlands 

New  Zealand 

Nicaragua 

Norway 

Peru 

Portugal 

Eoumania 

Russia 

Siam 

St.  Helena 

South  African  Republic 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Turkey  

West  indies 

Total 

Addresses  unknown  . . . 

Grand  tot.al 


No. 


3 

26 

19 
1 
8 
3 
1 
2 

37 
2 
,002 
7 
6 
6 
1 
1 
2 

20 
1 

55 

590 

740 

1 

1 

21 
3 
4 

30 
4 
3 
1 
2 
2 

57 

13 
3 
2 

30 
3 
2 
1 
3 
1 
1 
4 
7 

32 

83 
3 
0 


3,850 
239 


Amount. 


$393.  00 

4,471.80 

3, 594. 00 

72.00 

2,  050. 53 

385.  00 

90.00 

132.  00 

6,  790.  03 

540.  00 

345,  088.  92 

074.  94 

794. 53 
1,210.40 

54.07 

360.  00 

240. 00 

3,411.93 

S6.  00 

10,580.07 

98.  050.  33 

126,  990. 48 

3G0. 00 

120.00 

3,493.00 

36.00 

.531.  20 

6,  447. 80 

924. 12 

216.  00 

108. 00 

252.  00 

140.  00 

11,  058.  00 

2, 229.  33 

348. 00 

339.  20 

6,  690. 70 

882. 54 
232.  80 
240. 00 
564.  GO 
271. 20 
179.  60 
801.  00 

1,371.73 

5,  839.  80 

14,  905.  33 

598. 40 

1, 104.  00 


600,  967.  04 


906.012  1150,740,467.14 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


771 


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772 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Table  No.  17. — Detailed  report  of  tvork  completed  in  the  Army  and  Navy  snrvivors' 
division  from  July  1, 1S02,  to  June  30,  1S93,  inclusive,  shoiciny  nnmher  of  names,  ivith 
jyost-office  addresses,  supplied  to  the  adjudicating  divisions,  the  special  examination 
division,  and  to  claimants  or  their  attorneys. 


Total 
names. 


Total 
cases. 


Special 

names. 


Eastern  division 

Miildlo  division 

"Western  division 

Southern  division 

Old  Wai'  and  Kavy  division . . 
Special  examination  division. 
Miseellaneous  calls 


2.5.  676 
29,  712 
42,  877 
35, 922 
8,405 
3,710 
91, 411 


Total. 


2,539 
2,853 
4,019 
3,751 
1,405 
407 
14,  394 


749  J   29,  3G8 


839 
1,098 
1,499 
1,183 
1,711 
244 
13, 867 


20.441 


Total  number  of  names,  with  post-office  addresses,  furnished  in  29,308  cases 237,749 

Addresses  supplied  to  spe<:ified  names 20,  441 

(,'ireular  list  of  otKcers  and  comrades 14,  394 

Letters  and  circular  letters 1,  610 

Statistical  cards  ^vritten  (Julj  1,  1892,  to  April  1,  1893) 188,  777 

Calls  on  Adjutant-General,  L.  S.  Army 1,  205 

Calls  on  Surgeon-General,  TJ.  S.  Army 392 

Calls  ou   Xavj-  Department 456 

rost-oUico  addresses  of  surgeons  furnished 4,  728 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


773 


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774 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Table  No.  19. — Operations  of  the  special  examination  service  of  the  Office,  showing  in- 
vcstigaiions  made,  etc.,  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893. 


Number  of 
investiga- 
tions made, 
1S02. 

Expenses 
in  1892. 

Number  of 
investiga- 
tions made, 
1893. 

Expenses 
in  1893. 

Cases  returned  bv  special  examiners  in  the  field 

14,  461 

17, 101 

$123,  346. 66 
75,  910,  55 

$140,  300.  40 
82, 285.  07 

Expenses  of  special  examiners,  travel,  etc.  (includ- 



Total      

14,  4C1 

199,  257.  21 

17, 101 

222,  586.  07 

Statement  sliouijig  a  comparison  of  work  performed  hi/  special  examiners,  loitJi  cost  of 
same,  during  fiscal  years  ending  June  30,  1S02  and  1S93. 


A^•e^age  number  of  examiners  per  month 

Eeports  made 

Average  number  of  rejwrts  per  examiner  per  montli 

Depositions  taken 

Average  number  of  depositions  per  examiner  per  month 

Expenses  exclusive  of  salary '$199,  257.  21 

Average  cost  of  each  report .' 13.  78 

Average  cost  of  each  deposition .' 2.  78 


129 

17, 101 

11 

83,  222 

53J 

$222,  586. 07 

13.  02 

2.67 


Worlc  accomplislud  by  review  section  during  fiscal  years  ending  June  30,  1SD2  and  1S93. 


Reviewers  employed,  average  number  of 

Days  emiiloyed - 

Cases  submitted  for  admission 

Cases  submitted  for  rejection 

Cases  submitted  for  further  examination 

('ascs  otherwise  disposed  of 

Case.s  reviewed 

Circulars,  calls,  and  letters  to  special  examiners 


Cases  in  division  July  1,  1892 

Cases  received  ivom  July  1,  1892.  to  June  30,  1893. 

(!ases  submitted  to  board  of  review 

Cases  sent  to  .ndmitted  tiles 

Cases  sent  to  other  divisions 


Total  number  of  cases  in  division  July  1, 1892  and  1893 


Cases  detailed  to  special  examiners  in  field 

Original  examination 

I'urther  examination 

Criminal  ex.nmination 

Iji  ports  made  by  special  examiners  upon  cases  returned 
from  the  field 


1892. 


3,517 

11,  035 

7,115 

54 

1,416 


9,637 

9,053 

111 


1892. 


5 

1,180 
1,484 

118 
8,  589 
1,043 
11,  234 

814 


14, 552 


8,585 


5,907 


18,  801 
16,  568 


5,967 

18,  478 

7.927 

24 

1,943 


14.  495 
9,630 
1,143 


4^ 

1,028 

1,762 

596 

8.546 

1,056 

n,960 

506 


24, 445 


14,  551 


25,  268 
20, 108 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


775 


Tablk  No.  20. — Names  of  surviving  ividotvs  of  Eerolutionary  soldiers  rcliohave  been  regu- 
lar! i/  j^a  id  fheir  2]cnsions  to  the  dose  of  the  fiscal  year  1S93,  with  their  ages  and  places  of 
residence  at  that  date. 


Kame. 

Age. 

Name  of  sohlier. 

Service. 

Town. 

State. 

Aldrich,  Lovey 

93 

Aldrich,  Caleb  . . . 

New  Hampshire 
and  Khode  Is- 
land. 

San  Diego 

California. 

Brown,   Mary 

88 

Brown,  Joseph 

Pennsylvania  .. 

Knoxville 

Tennessee. 

Cloud,   Xaucy 

80 

Cloud,  William  ... 

Virginia 

Chum 

Virginia. 

Chad-n-ick,  Susanuah* 

78 

Chadwick,EUhn.. 

Now  York 

Emporium 

Pennsylvania. 

Dabiiey.  Sarah 

93 

Dahney,  John  Q.. 

Virjiinia 

Barry 

Illinois. 

Damon,  Esther  S 

79 

Damon,  Noah 

Massachusetts.  - 

Plymouth  Union. 

Vermont. 

Hurllmrt,  Sarah  C*  . . 

7.5 

Weeks,  Elijah 

....do  

Chatham  Valley. 

Pennsylvania. 

Jones,  Nancy 

79 

Darling,  James... 

North  Carolina - 

Jonesboro 

Tennessee. 

]SIayo,  Kebocca 

80 

Mayo,  Stephen 

Virginia 

Newberu 

Virginia. 

Xewton,  Mary  ■ 

Ilichardson,   Patty... 

89 

do 

Georgia. 
Vermont. 

92 

Richardson,  God- 

New To^'k 

East  Bethel 

frey. 

Smith,  Meridy 

88 

Smitii,  William.. . 

North  Carolina. 

Newton 

Georgia. 

Snead,  Bowdoin. . . 

Virginia 

Parksley 

Mitchell  Station - 

Virginia. 

Sd 

Slaughter,  Philip. 
Thatcher,  Ahijah. 

do 

Do. 

Connecticut 

....do 

Norwich 

Connecticut. 

88 

"Weatherman,  Nancy. 

83 

Glascock,  Kobert. 

Virginia 

Lienback 

Tennessee. 

*Daughters  pensioned  by  special  act. 

Table  No.  21. — Naines  of  86  surviving  soldiers  and  sailors  of  the  tear  of  IS  12  on  tlie  pen- 
sion rolls  June  30,  1803,  %vith  their  ages  and  residences  at  that  date. 


Name. 


Allen,  .Tosiah 

Ames,  David  H 

Atchinson,  Austin.. 

Allen,  George  li 

Bacon,  Zephaniah  .. 
Bartoo,  Samuel  A... 

Brown,  Hosea 

ISuffington,  Stephen 

Casteel,  Samuel 

Churchill,  Benjamin 
Clark,  George  W . . . 
(  leveland,  Moses  . . . 

Clapp,  Chester 

Coflman,  .Joseph 

Condit,  Moses 

Cortelyon,  Jaques  . . 

Corbin,  Joab 

Covenhoven,  Elias  E 

Cronk.  Hiram 

Ciird,  Jarrot 

Cypher,  John 

Dally,' Abraham 

Daniels,  (Hark 

Dennis,  William  M  . 

Dawson,  John 

Downey,  John 

Dronillard,  Joseph.. 
Emmons,  Samuel  ... 

Folht,  Oren 

Franklin,  Andrew.. 

Furgeson,  Jared 

Glenn,  Elijah 

Hooper,  James 

Higirins,  Samuel  C. 

Hudson,  Joel 

Humphrey,  Leavitt 

Ireland,  John  W 

.lones,  George  W  . . . 

Kinsel,  John 

Klock,  Abraliam 

Lumberson,  Joliii. . . 
Lowell,  James  B. . . . 

Lyon,  Alex 

Lejenne,  Laman 

Lints,  Frederick 

Miller,  Charles 


Service  (troops). 


93 
100 
102 
99 
100 
96 
101 
98 
96 
98 
97 
94 
99 
91 
98 
97 
94 
99 
93 
97 
98 
98 
98 
100 
104 
106 
96 
98 
96 
100 
96 
97 
90 
99 
98 
91 
10.5 
90 
94 
92 
87 
96 
96 
97 
98 
99 


Mississippi . 
New  York  . . 
....do 


....do 

....do 

....do , 

....do 

Massachusetts, 
Pennsylvania.. 

New  York 

Virginia - 

New  York 

....do 

TTnited  States  . 

New  .Jersey 

New  York 

....do 

....do 

....do 

Tennessee, 


State. 


P.  K Indian  Territory. 

Jersej"villo Illinoi.« 


Spencerport 

Norwood 

Pattens  Mills 

Cottage 

Drain 

Swansea  Center. 

East  Brook 

Mount  Pleasant 

Beatrice 

National  Home  . 

Ballston 

Millsap 

Orange 

Hopewell . . . .' 

Lapeer 

Petries  Corners 
North  Western . 
Pine  Wood 


New  York I  Farmer-s  Creek 


..do 

Vermont 

Georgia 

United  States 

South  Carolina  . . . 

United  States 

New  York 

U.  S.  (Navj-) 

Ohio 

United  States 

Maryland 

U.S.  (Navy) 

Massachusetts 

New  York 

Massachusetts 

United  States 

....do 

Massachusetts 

New  York 

United  States 

Massachusetts 

New  York , 

Louisiana 

New  York 

...do 


Brooklyn 

Morganville 

Eatonton 

Terre  Haute 

Allen  Factory 

Gallipolis...'. 

Brewerton , 

Cincinnati , 

Burlington 

Decorali 

Newark 

I'altimore , 

West  Gorliam 

Springwator 

Brookline 

Hampton  viUe 

Washington 

HagerCity 

Brier  Hill 

Baltimore 

Liverpool 

Park  City 

Thibodeaux 

Alder  Creek ;  New  York. 

Boonville I        Do, 


New  York. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Oregon. 

Massachusetts. 
Pennsylvania. 
Illinois. 
Nebraska. 
Wisconsin. 
New  York. 
Texas. 
New  Jersey. 
New  York. 
Michigan. 
New  \ork. 

Do. 
Tennessee. 
Michigan. 
New  York. 

Do. 
Georgia. 
Indiana. 
Alabama. 
Ohio. 

New  York. 
Ohio. 
Kansas 
Iowa. 

New  Jersey. 
Maryland. 
Maine. 
New  York. 
Massachusetts. 
North  Carolina. 
Dist.  ofColumbia; 
Wisconsin. 
New  York. 
^Maryland. 
Ohio. 
L^ah. 
Louisiana. 


776 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Tacle  No.  21. — Xamcs  of  SG  surviving  soldiers  and  sailors  of  the  war  of  1S1:2  on  the  pen- 
sion rolls  June  SO,  1893,  etc. — Continued. 


Mickley,  Daniel 

Markle,  Frederick , 

Morris,  Henry 

Moss,  Willian'i  C 

McCoy,  David 

Mitclie.n,  James  AV.  L 

Nye,  Cornelius 

Oisburn,  David 

Parkard,  Samuel 

Phillips,  Henry 

Parks,  Davis , 

Peavey,  John  W 

Pratt.'Saniuel,  ,ir 

Putnam,  Newell 

PiObinson,  Tliomas 

Eobinson,  James 

Raymond,  Daniel 

Eoot.  Anion 

Ray,  Leonard 

Richards,  Isa.ac 

Smitli,  Elezor 

Sparrow,  HarA'cy 

Sonle,  Israel , 

Spinney,  Tliomas 

Smart,  Jidward 

Scruton.  Miles 

Smith,  Nathaniel 

Sherer,  John 

Stnrtevant,  T.  M 

Simpson,  Presley , 

Sexton,  Isaiah 

Sevey,  Ira 

Tappen,  Charles  B , 

Thomas, 

Townley,  Joseph 

AValton,  Andrew 

"Wliitney,  Nathan 

"Ware,  Silas 

Wood,  Jabin , 

Tancev,  William  R 


103 
96 


95 
90 
99 
98 
95 
94 
98 
96 
98 
99 
100 
97 
98 
97 
97 
99 
92 
96 
101 
103 
104 
93 
97 
83 
94 
96 
95 
93 
90 
102 
97 
98 
92 


Service  (troops). 


Pennsylvania 

New  York 

....do  

Connecticut 

Kentucky 

Massachusetts.. 

United  States. .. 

New  Tork 

Massachusetts. . 

United  States. .. 

New  York 

New  Hampshire 

New  York 

....do 

Connecticut 

United  States... 

^Massachusetts. . 

Connecticut 

United  States... 

Massa<?husetts. . 

New  Hampshire 

Massachusetts.. 
....do  

Maine 

Massacliusetts. . 

New  Ifampshire 

New  York 

....do 

-...do  

Virginia 

New  York 

United  States. -- 

New  Y'ork 

United  States... 

Pennsylvania 

New  York 

....do  

....do  

....do  

United  Stat«s... 


Waynesboro 

Hurley 

Port  Chester  . .. 

Stoninstou 

Redland 

Keens  Mills 

Lynn 

Tupper  Plains. 

liocklantl 

Lawton  Station 

DeWitt 

Braintree , 

West  Sumter . . 

Newark  

Wolcott 

Livia 

Raymond 

Whitewater  . . . 

Gilmer 

East  Machias.. 

Alexandria 

East  Orleans... 
Westport  Point 
Parkers  Head.. 
North  Dixmont 

Merrill 

Hempstead 

East  Paris 

Madison 

Paris 

Reeds 

Mount  Yernon 
New  York  City 

Millington 

Chili 

Say brook 

Franklin 

Waukesha 

South  Richland 
Daphne 


State. 


Pennsylvania. 
Kew  "iTork. 

Do. 
Connecticut. 
California. 
Maine. 

Massachusetts. 
Ohio. 
Maine. 
New  York. 
Michigan. 
Vermont. 
Michigan . 
New  jfer.sey. 
Connecticut. 
Kentucky. 
Pennsylvania. 
Wisconsin. 
Texas. 
Maine. 

New  Hampshire. 
Massachusetts. 

Do. 
Maine. 

Do. 
New  Hampshire. 
New  York. 
Michigan. 
New  Jersey. 
Kentucky. 
Michigan. 
Maine. 
New  York. 
Michigan. 
Ohio. 

Do. 
Illinois. 
Wisconsin. 
New  York. 
Alabama. 


PENSIONS  AND  PENSION  APPEALS. 


Department  of  the  Interior, 
Washington,  D.  C,  Kovemher  1,  1893. 
To  the  Secretary : 

I  have  tbe  lionor  to  submit  my  report  of  the  work  done  by  the  Board 
of  Pension  Appeals,  under  my  supervision  and  that  of  my  predecessor, 
from  the  beginning  of  the  fiscal  year  commencing-  July  1,  1892,  to  the 
present  time.  This  work  relates  to  the  adjudication  of  claims  for  pen- 
sion which  are  appealed  to  the  Secretary  from  the  adverse  action  of  the 
Commissioner  of  Pensions;  to  the  final  disijosition  and  decision  of  such 
other  ai)peals  from  the  Commissioner  as  involve  questions  of  attorney- 
ship and  of  fees  in  pension  cases,  and  also  to  correspondence  with 
claimants  and  attorneys,  having  reference  to  such  appeals.  The  amount 
of  work  accomplished,  including  decisions  prepared  and  current  corres- 
l)ondence,  is  summarized  in  the  following  tabulated  statements: 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


777 


ANNUAL  STATEMENT. 
Table  I. 

ORIGIXAL   APPEALS. 

Statement  slion-ing  disposition  of  pension  claims  from  Juhj  1, 1S02,  to  June  30, 1S93. 


tJTW 

u 

-  m 

a  0 

>■■§   . 

ffl     1 

5.3  • 

5-3 

0  n 

*"«« 

m 

Ml 

«  2  ^ 

Total. 

2  0 
—  0 

OCt3 

0  p 

5-2 

s 

.2 

"S  0 

2g2 

0  c  S 
0  g  £ 

-a 

c.c-.« 

'^.°  0 

80S 

P4 

CO  o 

0  ai  V- 

o-^  S 

< 

<i 

<1 

< 

M^^ 

<l' 

H 

1892. 

July 

4.349 
4,348 
3,973 
4,545 
4,047 

320 
3 
80O 
407 
326 

4.669 
4;  351 
4,803 
4, 952 
4,973 

241 
314 
246 
217 
218 

46 
55 
27 
49 
73 

22 

3 

24 

19 

5 

12 
6 
21 
20 
19. 

321 

378 

318 

Oitobur              

305 

315 

L'ccetnber 

4,668 

305 

4,903 

198 

45 

14 

17 

274 

1893. 

4,689 
4,680 

4,742 
4.064 
4.785 
4,7J8 
4,  457 

379 

5,068 

297 

28 

19 

38 

382 

364 

5,050 

'251 

29 

21 

7 

308 

Jilnrcli   

369 
462 
491 

204 

5,111 
5, 126 
5,270 

4,952 

358 
284 
446 

415 

54 
29 
31 
10 

18 
6 

12 
9 

17 
22 
39 
52 

447 

April 

341 

}il  a  V    

528 

495 

July 

1 

\""" 

Totals 

4,520 

3,485 

485 

172 

270 

4,412 

1 

Table  II. 


MOTIONS  FOP  PECOXSIDERATIOX. 


Statement  showing  disposition  of  motions  for  reconsideration  from  July  1,  1S92,  to  June 

SO,  1893. 


.so:;:; 

H  -«o 
8.SS 


"i  "  2 

»5  s+i 


5  -  o 

s  o  a 
0--  a 

"-C  '5  o 


§1 


■■2  2 


"2  S 


O  2 

=  23 


.Sb'S 


I  P  o 


g.2  ° 


c:.2 


■o  S  a 
(H  o  o 


July 

August 

Sc'iitfiubcr. 
October  . . . 
Xoyember  . 
December.. 


January  . . 
Tebruary . 
March  .... 

April 

May 

June 

July 


182 
182 
165 
184 
178 
194 


185 
179 
190 
190 
182 
163 
148 


Totals  . 


199 
183 
199 
205 
214 
214 


194 
200 
218 
211 
194 
176 


20 


815 

640 

1,  295 

775 

1,220 

1,105 


1,295 
1,225 
1, 625 
1,405 
1,055 
800 


600 
330 
1,105 
6i0 
895 
845 


935 

945 

1, 135 

1,065 

1,205 

605 


267  I  13,855  10,425 


778 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Table  III. 


FEE   APPEALS. 

Statement  showing  disposition  of  appeals  relatinfj  to  atiorneyship  and  fees  from  July  1, 

1S92,  to  June  SO,  1S93. 


fclg 

a 

0 

CJ. 

d 

•  © 

c-^ 

o 

3  a 

"3 

"S  . 

ns*' 

r^  S*-| 

^-a 

a  S 

a-^ 

^ji^- 

P-i  £ 

•3 .5 

.a  2 

&•« 

£5 

O  4, 

o  <s 

"3 

hi 

-2 

o 

a  « 

III 

6h 

(^ 

H 

< 

<1  ■ 

1—1 

fH 

H 

1892. 

July             

75 
83 
4G 
61 

36 
C 
61 
23 

111 
89 

107 
84 

16 

31 

29 

9 

3 
2 
6 
3 

9 

10 
10 

u 

'""i 

28 

43 

46 

23 

61 

70 

131 

44 

3 

21 

2 

70 

61 

57 

118 

26 

1 

12 

39 

1803. 

79 

85 

164 

28 

7 

14 

49 

115 

47 

162 

32 

5 

17 

54 

]\Iai(h       

108 
156 
143 

97 
31 
80 

205 
187 
223 

33 
27 

77 

7 
4 
2 

1^ 
29 

...... 

3 

49 

\pril     

44 

■May 

111 

112 
99 

64 

176 

58 

3 

16 

77 

Jyl  y                                                                                  

\"'       1 

i 

XotaU                 

657 

410 

46 

170 

7 

633 

RECAPITULATION. 

ORIGINAL   APPEALS. 

Apiionls  peiulint;  July  1,  1892 4,  340 

Apiieals  filed  from  July  1,  1892,  to  June  30,  1893 4,520 

Total.. 8,869 

AppeaLs  therein  Peusion  Office  was  sustained 3.485 

Apjicals  svlierein  Pension  Office  was  reversed 4S5 

Appeals  reconsidered  by  Pension  Office  pending  appeal 172 

ApjM'als  dismissed 270 

Total - 4,412 

Appeals  pending  July  1 ,  1893 4,457 

MOTIONS  FOR  RECONSIDERATION. 

^Motions  for  reconsideration  pending  July  1,  1892 182 

Motions  for  reconsideration  filed  from  July  1,  1892,  to  Juno  30,  1893 233 

Total , : 'tis 

Motions  for  reconsideration  overruled 234 

Iilot  ions  for  reconsideration  sustained 20 

Motions  for  reconsideration  allowed  by  Pension  Office 12 

Motions  for  reconsideration  dismissed 1 

Total 207 

Motions  for  reconsideration  pending  July  1,  1893 148 

FEE  APPEALS. 

Fee  appeals  pending  Jul v  1,  1892 75 

Fee  appeals  filed  from  Jiily  1,  1892,  to  June  30,  1893 657 

Total 732 

Fee  appeals  wherein  Pension  Office  wa3  sustained 410 

Fee  a]>peals  wherein  I'ension  Office  was  reversed 46 

Fee  appeals  reconsidered  by  Pension  Office  pending  appeal 170 

Fee  appeals  dismissed 7 

Total 033 

Fee  appeals  pending  July  1,  1893 99 

CORUKSPONDKNCK. 

Letters  referred  to  tlie  Commissioner  of  Pensions 13,855 

Letters  sent 10,425 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


779 


SUPPLEMENTAL  STATEMENT. 


In  addition  to  the  foregoing  tables  embracing  the  work  of  the  last 
fiscal  year,  the  following  tabulated  statements  showing  the  amount  of 
work  done  from  July  1,  1893,  to  November  1,  1893,  is  submitted  : 


Table  IV. 


ORIGINAL   APPEALS. 


Statement  shoivinrj  disjyosUion  of  pension  claims  from  Juhj  1,  1S93,  to  Xovemher  1, 1S93 


a-5 

Is 
■5  a 

a  ^ 

^9. 

a  <i> 

2  S 

c  » 

'a 

_» 

III 

«  a 

^3 

a  _  o 

o  g  a 

a      ^ 

■-.2  s 
11  a 

"3 

p.  "3 

^3^ 

p.a 

"o 

^3.2  a 

■~i   Oi  > 

s£s 

a 

o  ft 

<j  =  ^ 

<" 

H 

< 

<1 

P>-« 

<1 

H 

1803. 

July 

4,457 

165 

4,622 

337 

22 

5 

73 

4.37 

4, 185 

53 

4, 238 

308 

4 

79 

3ns 

Se])teniber 

3,840 

238 

4,078 

298 

14 

7 

46 

365 

3,713 

135 

3,848 

197 

2 

24 

230 

3,618 

Total                    

591 

j     1,140 

47 

21 

222 

1  430 

Taule  V. 


MOTIONS   rOPv   RECONSIDERATION. 


Statement slioroinf)  disposition  of  motions  for  reconsideration  from  Juh/  J.  ISDS,  to  Xovemher 

'  1,  1S93. 


Motions  for  recon- 
sideration pend- 
ing on  the  first  of 
the  month . 

Motions  for  recon- 
sideration    filed 
during    the 
month. 

o 

P 

u  a 
a. 2. 

"=  n    • 
■■gSa 

a  !« 
o  a 

2 

=2.2 

oca 

■■§13 

Reconsidered   and 
allowed    by   the 
Commissioner  of 
Pensions. 

a  i 

•-<  a 
.o.o 

o  »  ^ 

a  .sv^ 

111 

"  a  0 

Letters       referred 
to   tlio    Commis- 
sioner   of    Pen- 
sions. 

a 
0 

2 
0 

1-1 

1803. 
July 

148 
139 
122 
115 
106 

5 
7 
5 
9 

153 
146 
127 
124 

11 

21 
10 
10 

1 
1 

i 

2 
2 

14 
24 
12 

18 

1. 165 

1,  002 
687 
795 

777 

September... 
October 

2 

1 

594 
585 

Total .... 

26 

58 

3 

3              4 

68 

3,700 

2,811 

780 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Table  VI. 

TEE   APPEALS. 


Statement  sliowbu)  disposiiion  of  appeals  relating  io  aitorneysliip  and  fees  from  July  1, 

1893,  to  Noveniber  1,  1S93. 


•^  o 

fl  ^ 

C  a) 

>>§ 

i 

"  u 

r3 

c:  ;3 

■■a 

to  .X)   M 

'3  M 

2§ 

£■2  =s 

"3 
o 

§"1 

r-   2 

«  -  s 
.2S-3 

Isi 

§2  g 

rt  ^y* 

2-=  a 

o 

o'S  !> 

o  +-  ft 

%'a 

O'C-r^ 

Ph 

f=H 

H 

< 

<^ 

M 

N 

H 

1893. 

July        

99 

80 

38 
23 

137 
103 

35 
19 

2 
2 

18 
9 

2 

57 

30 

Si-ptember 

73 

G2 

13r) 

42 

2 

15 

59 

October 

76 

26 

102 

18 

1 

2 

21 

81 

1 

Total                

149 

114 

1            "' 

44 

2 

107 

RECAPITULATION. 


OKIGIXAL  APPEALS. 

Appeals  peuding  Julj- 1,  1893 4,  457 

Appeals  lilcd  fiom  July  1,  1893,  to  November  1,  1893 591 

•       Total 5,048 

Appeals  ■svbercin  Pension  Office  -was  sustained 1, 140 

Appeals  Trherein  Pension  Office  was  reversed 47 

Ajipeals  reconsidered  by  Peusioii  Office  pending  appeal 21 

Appeals  dismissed 222 

-    Total : 1 ,  430 

Appeals  pending  iSrovember  1.  1893.. 3,018 

MOTIONS   FOR   KECONSIDERATION. 

Motions  lor  reconsideration  pending  July  1,  1893 148 

Motions  for  reconsideration  tiled  from  July  1,  1893,  to  Noveniber  1,  1893 26 

Total : 174 

Jifotions  for  reconsideration  overruled * 58 

Motions  for  reconsideration  sustained 3 

Motions  for  reconsideration  allowed  by  Pension  Office 3 

Motions  for  reconsideration  dismissed 4 

Total 68 

Motions  for  reconsideration  pending  November  1,  1893 106 

FEE    APPEALS. 

Fee  appeals  pending  July  1,  1893 99 

Fee  appeals  tiled  from  July  1,  1893,  to  Noveniber  1,  1893 149 

Total 258 

Fee  appeals  wherein  Pension  Office  was  su.staincd 114 

Fee  appeals  wherein  Pension  Otiico  was  reversed 7 

Fee  appeals  reconsidered  by  Pension  Office  jiending  appeal 44 

Fee  appeals  dismissed 2 

Total 107 

Fee  appeals  pending  November  1 ,  1S93 81 

COKRESPONDE^■C•E. 

Letters  referred  to  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions 3,709 

Letters  scut ". 2, 801 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     781 
THE  WORK. 

The  business  transacted,  as  indicated  by  the  foregoing  tabulated 
statements,  has  been  accomplished  with  commendable  thoroughness, 
and  bears  testimony  to  the  industry,  efficiency,  and  cheerfulness  with 
Avhich  the  members  and  emi)loyes  of  the  board  of  pension  appeals 
have  labored  to  dispose  of  the  number  of  a^ipeals  and  motions  for 
reconsideration  with  which  the  docket  has  been  crowded.  Your  atten- 
tion is  called  to  the  ftict  of  the  comparatively  few  instances  wherein 
the  action  of  the  Comuiissioner  of  Pensions  has  been  overruled  in  pro- 
portion to  the  whole  number  of  claims  considered,  evincing,  as  it  does, 
the  care  with  which  the  rulings  of  the  Department  are  followed  and 
observed  by  the  Bureau  of  Pensions.  The  instances  where  the  action 
of  the  Commissioner  has  been  reversed  on  appeal  are  chiefly  in  cases 
Avherein  the  evidence  was  of  a  more  or  less  conflicting,  doubtful,  or 
complicated  character,  or  in  which  arose  certain  questions  of  law  the 
proper  decision  of  which  required  an  authoritative  expression  of 
opinion  from  this  Department. 

EECE?s"T   IMPORTANT  DECISIONS. 

Since  my  incumbency  of  the  office  of  Assistant  Secretary  of  this 
Department,  several  very  important  decisions  have  been  rendered 
which  have  tended  to  change  to  some  extent,  and,  it  is  believed,  improve 
the  practice  of  the  Bureau  of  Pensions  in  the  adjudication  of  iieusion 
cases,  and  by  which  some  grave  errors  in  the  administration  of  the 
pension  laws  have  been  corrected.  One  of  the  most  important  of  these, 
and  the  one  which  has  been  most  far  reaching  in  its  effects  and  conse- 
quences, and  has  attracted  public  attention  and  comment  to  a  greater 
degree  than  any  other,  was  the  decision  rendered  May  27,  1893,  in  the 
case  of  Charles  T.  Bennett,  late  of  Company  F,  Thirteenth  Indiana 
Volunteers,  by  which  the  proper  and  legal  basis  of  pension  under  the 
second  section  of  the  act  of  June  27.  1890,  was  defined,  and  in  pursu- 
ance of  which  you  revoked  Order  E"o.  161  of  the  late  Commissioner  of 
Pensions,  and  abrogated  the  illegal  and  imi)roper  practices  thereunder. 
Although  said  decision  has  been  very  severely  criticised  in  certain 
quarters,  it  is  to  be  noted  that  it  is  strictlj^  in  line  with  decisions  of  my 
immediate  predecessors  in  the  cases  of  Washington  Borden,  rendered 
August  3,  1892  (G  P.  D.,  17) ;  Patrick  Carroll,  rendered  Februarv  1, 
1893  [Ibid.,  259),  and  Henry  H.  Weike,  rendered  January  7, 1893  {lUd., 
193).  Under  this  decision  the  practice  of  the  Bureau  of  Pensions  has 
been  made  to  conform  to  the  provisions  of  the  law,  and  the  improper 
and  illegal  disbursement  of  very  large  amounts  of  i)ublic  money  has 
been  stopped. 

Under  a  decision  rendered  by  mo  June  27,  1893,  the  benefits  of  the 
act  of  August  5, 1892,  granting  pensions  to  Army  nurses,  were  extended 
to  women  who  were  employed  in  hospitals  superintending  and  prei^aring 
proper  and  suitable  diet  for  the  sicli  and  wounded  under  the  directions 
of  the  surgeons  in  charge,  upon  their  making  the  in-oof  and  fulfilling 
the  conditions  required  by  the  terms  of  the  act,  thus  securing  to  this 
class  of  most  worthy  and  deserving  applicants,  who  were  clearly  included 
within  the  terms  of  the  statute,  their  rights  tliereuuder,  which  had  pre- 
viously been  denied  them. 

In  the  case  of  Joseph  P.  Smith,  a  decision  was  rendered  August  15, 
1893,  deciding  and  defining  the  amount  fixed  by  law  for  the  fees  of 
attorneys  in  claims  for  increase  of  pension  under  the  act  of  June  27, 


782  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

1890,  by  wliicli  a  saving  of  many  thousand  dollars  to  i)eusiouers  was 
accomi)lislied. 

In  the  case  of  Timothy  L.  Carlcy,  a  decision  was  rendered  August  18, 
1893,  which  definitely  iixed  and  established  the  date  of  the  commence- 
ment of  a  pension  granted  under  the  provisions  of  the  second  ^^ctioii  of 
the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  a  subject  upon  Avhich  there  had  x>reviously 
existed  a  great  deal  of  uncertainty  and  confusion  in  tlie  practice  of  the 
Bureau  of  Pensions. 

The  foregoing  are  a  few  of  the  more  important  decisions  that  have 
been  rendered,  wherein  the  former  holdings  of  the  Department  and  the 
l)ractice  of  the  Bureau  have  been  departed  from  or  modified,  and  are 
merely  mentioned  to  show  the  character  and  nature  of  such  changes  as 
I  have  thought  were  necessary.  In  the  vast  majority  of  cases  decided 
by  me  the  former  rulings  and  decisions  of  the  Department  have  been 
followed,  and  in  no  instance  Lave  they  been  disturbed  or  modified, 
except  where  it  appeared  that  the  idain  requirements  of  the  law  or  the 
good  of  the  service  demanded  such  action. 

In  this  connection  it  is  proper  to  state  that  since  the  last  rejiort  of 
the  Assistant  Secretary  the  sixth  volunieof  "Decisions  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior  in  Appealed  Pension  Claims,"  with  a  topical  index 
to,  and  concise  notes  of,  the  decisions  contained  in  the  six  volumes  of 
the  series,  has  been  published,  embracing  the  decisions  selected  for 
imblication  down  to  March  11, 1893,  during  the  incumbency  of  my  x^red- 
ecessor. 

The  seventh  volume,  embracing  decisions  rendered  under  my  own 
supervision,  is  now  in  course  of  preparation  upon  the  same  plan  pursued 
since  tlie  commencement  of  the  jiublication  of  the  series. 

EULES   or   PEACTICE. 

Upon  taking  charge  of  the  office  of  Assistant  Secretary  I  soon  discov- 
ered that  the  practice  of  this  Department  and  of  the  Bureau  of  Pensions 
relative  to  the  granting,  hearing,  and  adjudication  of  appeals  in  pension 
and  fee  cases  was  in  a  very  unsatisfactory  state. 

liules  of  practice  in  ai)peal  cases  had,  from  time  to  time,  been  promul- 
gated by  former  Secretaries  of  the  Interior,  but  appear  to  have  ne\er 
been  strictly  enforced,  and  had  been  suffered,  to  a  great  extent  at  least, 
to  fiill  into  disuse. 

I  therefore  i)repared  a  new  code  of  rules  for  the  government  of  the 
practice  of  this  Department  and  the  Bureau  of  Pensions  in  appealed 
pension  cases,  which  were  submitted  to  you,  and  approved  and  promul- 
gated September  9,  1893. 

Jt  is  believed  that  a  strict  enforcement  of  these  Eules  of  Practice  will 
not  only  tend  to  expedite  the  business  of  the  Department  and  the 
Bureau,  but  will  be  of  great  benefit  to  both  the  attorneys  and  claimants 
for  pension. 

REOKGANIZATION   OF   THE   BOARD    OF   PENSION   APPEALS. 

The  membership  of  the  board  of  pension  api)eals  having  been 
increased  by  the  a(;t  of  Congress  making  appropriation  for  the  legis- 
lative, executive,  and  judicial  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  30,  1887,  from  three  to  nine,  the  board  was  reorgan- 
ized in  October,  1880,  by  an  order  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  into 
three  divisions,  each  consisting  of  three  members.  These  divisions 
acted  upon  appeals  indeiiendeutly  and  without  direct  reference  to  each 


EEPOET  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     783 

otlier,  tbe  coutrolliug  idea  and  purpose  of  tins  organization  being  that 
each  division  of  the  board  should  decide  and  dispose  of  appeals  in 
certain  distinct  classes  of  pension  claims,  namely:  Original  invalid 
claims  by  one  division,  increase  claims  by  another,  and  dependent, 
widow's,  and  restoration  claims  by  a  third.  It  was,  however,  very  soon 
rendered  manifest  that  this  division  of  the  work  was  wholly  impracti- 
cable, owing  to  the  impossibility  of  the  Bureau  of  Pensions  to  report 
upon  the  appealed  cases  in  the  order  named,  and,  also,  to  the  fact  of  the 
great  multiplication  of  appeals  at  times  in  one  class  of  i^ension  claims 
over  the  others.  Therefore,  all  distinction  between  the  character  of 
the  work  x^erformed  and  the  class  of  appealed  pension  claims  passed 
upon  by  the  different  divisions  of  the  board  was  soon  abandoned,  but 
the  organization  into  three  separate  divisions  was  continued  long  after 
the  reason  for  it  had  ceased  to  exist,  and  notwithstanding  the  f\ict  that 
it  tended  very  seriously  to  impair  that  harmony  of  action  and  uniformity 
in  the  decisions  of  the  board  which  was  absolutely  necessary  to  the 
accomplishment  of  the  best  results,  and  also  unnecessarily  added  very 
greatly  to  the  labors  of  the  Assistant  Secretary. 

Believing  that  the  work  would  be  greatly  benefited,  as  well  as^  expe- 
dited, by  a  different  orgariization,  I,  with  your  sanction  and  approval, 
proceeded,  soon  after  taking  charge  of  this  Avork,  to  reorganize  said 
board  into  one  body,  under  the  immediate  control  of  a  chairman  and 
assistant  chairman,  selected  from  the  members  of  the  board,  upon  the 
same  general  plan  with  all  otlier  divisions  of  your  office.  This  plan  of 
organization  has  now  been  in  operation  for  several  months,  and  I  am 
pleased  to  be  able  to  state  that  it  has  fully  met  my  expectations,  and 
has  proved  highly  satisfactory  both  in  rendering  the  decisions  of  the 
board  more  generally  harmonious,  in  preventing  the  preparation  of  con- 
flicting decisions  on' the  same  subjects,  and,  also,  in  expediting  the  work 
of  the  board  in  disposing  of  cases  on  a])peal. 

Under  the  present  organization  of  the  board  all  decisions  are  care- 
fully reviewed  and  initialed  by  the  chairman  and  assistant  chairman 
before  being  x^resented  to  me,  when  they  are  again  examined,  revised 
if  necessary,  and  then  approved  and  signed. 

CONCLUSION. 

In  conclusion,  I  desire  to  call  attention  to  the  fact,  appearing  from 
the  foregoing  supi)lemental  tabulated  statements,  embracing  the  period 
from  July  1,  1893,  to  the  i)resent  time,  that  for  the  first  time  in  several 
years  past  there  has  been  a  steady  gain  in  the  number  of  appeals  dis- 
posed of  during  the  last  six  months  over  the  number  filed  during  the 
same  period,  and  it  is  ho])ed  that  by  the  end  of  a  year  from  thisdate 
the  present  large  accumulation  of  appeals  may,  in  great  i)avt,  be  dis- 
posed of,  and  the  docket  cleared  of,  practically,  all  but  current  business. 

I  am  encouraged  in  this  expectation  from  the  fact  also  appearing 
from  tlie  foregoing  tabulated  statements  that  on  the  15th  day  of  April, 
1893,  when  I  entered  upon  the  duties  of  my  office,  5,011  cases  Avere 
undisposed  of  on  appeal  to  the  Secretary.  Besides  disposing  of  cases 
equal  to  the  number  appealed  si)ice  that  date,  the  accumulated  appeals 
have  been  reduced  to  3,805. 

Re  spectfully  submit  ted. 

Jno.  M.  Eeynolds, 

Assistant  Secretary. 

Hon.  Hoke  Smith. 


784 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


EEPOET  OF  THE  SUPEEINTENDENT  OF  CENSUS. 

Department  of  the  Interior. 

Census  Office, 
Washmgton,  D.  C,  July  31,  1893. 
Sir:  I  have  the  liouor  to  submit  herewith  a  report  of  the  operations 
of  the  Census  Office  from  the  date  of  my  last  report,  June  30,  1892,  ux) 
to  date. 

The  organization  of  the  office  into  9  divisions  instead  of  25,  which 
was  effected  previous  to  the  date  of  my  last  report,  has  been  continued, 
and  the  work  of  each  has  progressed  satisfactorily  and  is  now  nearing 
completion. 

condition  of  the  reports. 

In  addition  to  the  regular  volumes  which  will  form  the  final  report, 
the  following  monographs  are  in  j)rint  and  will  soon  be  published: 

Special  Report  on  the  Vital  Statistics  of  Baltimore  and  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Manufactures  of  the  City  of  New  York. 

Special  Report  on  Textiles. 

Special  Report  on  Electrical  Industries  of  New  York  State. 

Special  Report  on  Transj)ortation  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

A'^olumc  I  of  the  Comjiendium  Avas  published  more  than  a  year  ago, 
and  of  the  second  volume  600  j)ages  are  plated  and  148  are  in  type. 

The  following  volumes  of  the  final  report  have  been  published  and 
the  first  two  named  distributed: 

Mineral  Resources  of  the  United  States. 

Wealth,  Debt,  and  Taxation — Part  i:  Public  Indebtedness. 

Alaska. 

Tlie  present  condition  of  all  the  reports  can  be  seen  from  the  follow- 
ing table: 

SUMMARY  OF  FINAL  REPORTS  AND  COMPENDIUM. 


Titles. 


Mineral  Industries 

Wcaltli,  Debt,  and  Taxation  , 
Alaska 


Indians 

Transportation 

Vital  and  Social  Statistics 

Insurance 

I^Ianiifaetures 

Crinu',  I'aiiperism,  and  Benevolence  . 

Oiurclies , 

Population 

Pisli  and  Fislieries 

Educal  ion 

Agriculture 

Farms,  Homes,  and  Mortgages 

Compendium — Part  I 

Do Part  II 


Total. 


Number  of  pages. 


Total.      In  type.     Plated 


874 
902 
294 
88G 
560 
791 
768 
328 
637 


1,098 
754 


127 
108 
242 
294 
328 
347 


541 


148 
2,135 


874 
902 
294 
759 
452 
549 
474 


1,098 
COB 


6, 208 


EEPOET    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR.  785 

SUMMARY  OF  BULLETINS. 

No.  of  pages. 

Regular  Bulletins 4,  850 

Extra  Bulletins 1,  216 

Total ■ 6,066 

RECAPITULATION. 

Final  Reports  and  Compendium 8,433 

Bulletins 6,066 

Total 14,  499. 

BULLETINS. 

The  immediate  publication  by  means  of  i^reliminary  bulletins  of  results 
obtained  in  each  branch  of  inquiry  has  proved  a  most  useful  and  popu- 
lar feature  of  the  Eleventh  Census.  At  the  date  of  my  last  report  223 
of  these  bulletins,  with  a  total  of  nearly  5,000  pages,  had  been  published 
or  were  at  that  time  in  type.  Since  then  205  have  been  issued,  com- 
prising about  1,100  .pages.  As  the  final  reports  approach  completion 
the  number  of  these  preliminary  xiublications  i)roportionally  decreases;. 
and  but  few  more  will  be  necessary. 

FINANCIAL  REPORT. 

The  total  disbursements  on  account  of  the  Eleventh  Census  up  to 
and  including  July  31,  1893,  amounted  to  $1,468,582.81,  paid  from 
appropriations,  as  follows: 

Expenses  Eleventh  Census $7,  719,  903.  59 

Farms,  homes,  and  mortgages 1, 151, 157. 12 

Printijig,  engraving,  and  binding 597,  522. 10 

Total 9,468,582.81 

The  foregoing  amount  is  chargeable  to  branches  of  investigations  as 
follows : 

Census  proper $836,  497.  80 

Printing  and  stationery 737,  452. 16 

Supervisors 270,  554.  99 

Enumerators 2,  485,  622.  88 

Population  and  social  statistics 1,  524,  490.  70 

Mamifectures 920,945.63 

Agriculture 404,207.57 

Vital  vstatintics  and  special  classes 301,  330.06 

■\Veal th,  debt,  and  taxation 185,  397.  29 

Farms,  homes,  and  mortgages 1, 169,  766.57 

Mines  and  mining 196, 119.  71 

Fish  and  lisheries 140,  256.  09 

Transportation 140,  786.  61 

Insurance 47,  598.  36 

Churches 47,136.51 

Pauperism  and  crime 60,  419.  88 

Total 9,468,582.81. 

Ab.  93 50 


786 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


The  following  table  gives  tlie  total  number  of  clerks  carried  on 
the  i)ay  roll  during  each  month  since  the  date  of  my  last  report,  an(l 
is  a  continuation  of  the  table  on  page  11  of  that  report: 


July,  1892 

August,  1892.... 
Kopteniber,  1892 . 

October,  1892 

November,  1892  . 
December,  1S92  . 
January,  1893 . . . 
February,  1893 . . 

Mai-ch,  1893 

April,  1893 

May,  1893 

Tune,  1893. 

July,  1893 


Mouths. 


Total 

Total  to  June  30, 1892  . 


Grand  total  to  July  31, 1893 


Total 
number  on 
pay  rolls. 


1,221 
1,228 
1,235 
1,255 
1,150 
1,155 
1,174 
1,172 
1.206 
1,177 
1,099 
1,070 
1,050 


Total 
amount  of 
pay  rolls. 


$77,  341. 40 
77,  266. 65 
74, 932. 25 
78, 412. 05 
75,  004. 70 
73, 670. 50 
75,  63G.  50 
69, 370. 05 
77,  203. 45 
71, 379. 55 
69,  656. 05 
65, 789. 50 
OG,  207. 20 


951, 869. 85 
3, 194, 695. 15 


4, 146, 505. 00 


ADMINISTRATION. 

* 

As  will  be  seen  by  the  foregoing  table,  the  clerical  force  of  the  office 
numbered  1,050  on  July  31,  1893.  The  number  of  employes  was  largely 
reduced  last  fall,  but  since  then  it  has  not  been  found  possible  to  make 
any  material  decrease  without  detriment  to  the  work.  And  yet,  although 
the  office  force  has  remained  nearly  stationary,  there  has  really  been  a 
very  large  reduction  in  the  number  of  employes,  as  the  services  of  nearly 
all  the  special  agents  engaged  in  field  work  and  performing  other  duties 
outside  of  the  office  have  terminated. 

POPULATION   DIVISION. 


In  this  division  the  running  of  the  cards  through  the  tabulating 
machines  for  the  purpose  of  comjoiling  the  data  called  for  on  the  pop- 
ulation schedule  has  been  continued  during  the  year.  In  all,  three 
complete  runs  of  the  whole  number  of  cards  will  be  necessary.  One  of 
these  runs  had  been  finished  iirevious  to  the  date  of  my  last  report. 
The  second  run,  together  with  25,000,000  cards  of  the  third  run,  has 
been  made  within  the  time  covered  by  the  present  rejiort.  As  each  of 
these  runs  involves  the  handling  of  over  60,000,000  cards,  and  as  the 
average  daily  number  -pev  clerk  is  about  5,000,  it  will  be  seen  that  this 
work  involves  a  great  expenditure  of  time  and  labor. 

As  stated  above,  the  present  run  of  the  cards  is  the  last  which 
involv^es  handling  the  whole  number,  but  several  supplementary  com- 
pilations will  remain  to  be  made,  such  as  those  for  ascertaining  informa- 
tion as  to  occupations,  number  of  aliens,  extent  of  illiteracy,  language, 
survivors  of  the  war,  etc.  As  the  results  of  these  compilations,  how- 
ever, relate  only  to  distinct  classes  of  the  population,  they  are  naturally 
among  the  last  secured,  and  the  cards  for  each  class  can  be  sorted  out 
from  the  main  body  of  the  cards  and  the  remainder  finally  disposed  of. 

As  originally  contemplated,  a  thorough  compilation  and  analysis  of 
the  facts  concerning  these  and  other  subjectswas  to  be  made,  butthe  limi- 
tation of  the  office  by  act  of  Congress  to  the  present  calendar  year  ren- 
dered it  necessary  that  the  work  outlined  should  be  abridged  to  an 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     787 

extent  Avhicli  would  permit  compilation  of  tlie  most  essential  features 
only,  and  while  tlic  tacts  relating  to  our  alien  and  illiterate  population 
and  to  tbe  survivors  of  the  war  are  important  and  desirable  in  connec- 
tion with  the  absorbing  questions  of  immigration  and  x^ensions,  the 
occupations  of  the  people  are  of  still  greater  statistical  importance,  and 
have  therefore  been  given  precedence. 

It  is  not  probable  that  any  of  the  subjects  mentioned  can  be  reached 
after  the  completion  of  the  occupation  count,  which  will  be  next  in 
order  and  which  will  take  very  nearly  the  whole  remaining  time. 
The  work  of  sorting  out  the  cards  for  the  classes  mentioned,  as  well  as 
for  those  owning  or  renting  homes  or  farms,  which  is  being  done  during 
the  present  count,  will  be  continued,  and  at  the  end  all  cards  for  each 
class  will  be  grouped  and  most  conveniently  arranged  for  the  further 
compilation  of  any  combinations  of  facts  either  possible  or  desirable  in 
relation  to  that  particular  class. 

Eight  bulletins  were  prepared  and  issued  during  the  year.  Part  I  of 
the  compendium  vf  as  issued,  containing  913  pages  of  matter,  exclusive 
of  that  relating  to  Alaska,  which  was  also  revised  and  preiiared  for 
publication  in  this  division.  All  of  the  population  matter  for  Part  II 
of  the  compendium,  making  100  pages,  was  completed,  copy  furnished 
the  printer,  and  page  proofs  revised.  The  copy  for  Part  I  of  the  final 
report  upon  ijopulation,  making  about  1,000  pages,  was  transmitted  to 
the  printer  complete. 

MANUFACTURES. 

The  tabulation  of  returns  for  the  general  report  on  all  classes  of 
industry  for  the  United  States  has  been  completed  with  the  exception 
of  those  for  the  States  of  Wisconsin  and  Wyoming,  and  the  comparison 
of  these  tabulations  witli  the  returns  has  been  completed  for  the  States 
and  Territories  in  alphabetical  order  to  and  including  Tennessee. 

The  collection  of  statistics  in  the  principal  cities,  which  was  suspended 
June,  1891,  was  resumed  during  the  past  year,  and  the  recanvass  in  3G1 
cities  completed,  about  25,000  additional  returns  being  secured. 

One  hundred  and  fifty-five  bulletins  on  the  manufactures  of  cities  and 
for  selected  industries  have  been  published ;  also  synopses  of  the  reports 
on  the  iron  and  steel  industries  of  the  Western  States  and  Xew  York  and 
New  Jersey.  Monographs  on  the  manufactures  of  the  city  of  IS'ew  York 
and  on  the  electrical  industries  of  the  State  of  iSI'ew  York  have  been  sent 
to  the  printer.  The  final  report  on  the  manufacture  of  wool,  hosiery 
and  knit  goods,  cotton,  silk,  and  dyeing  and  finishing  of  textiles,  has 
also  been  prepared,  and  proof  is  now  being  corrected.  The  special 
reports  on  the  manufiicture  of  chemicals  and  glue,  also  a  partial  report 
on  salt,  have  been  prepared,  and  will  soon  be  in  the  hands  of  the  printer. 
The  returns  for  the  manufacture  of  gas,  iron  and  steel,  glass,  coke,  and 
petroleum  have  been  tabulated  for  the  special  reports,  and  preliminary 
totals  j)repared. 

Peturns  for  the  States  and  Territories  in  alphabetical  order  to  and 
including  New  York  have  been  tabulated  for  special  reports  on  agri- 
cultural implements,  brickyards,  boots  and  shoes,  paper  mills,  flour 
and  grist  mills,  cheese,  butter,  and  condensed  milk,  slaughtering  and 
meat  packing,  and  carriages  and  wagons,  factory  x)roduct. 

The  returns  for  shipbuilding  and  clay  and  pottery  have  been  tabu- 
lated on  sheets  for  the  general  report.  About  11,000  returns  have 
been  received  of  special  schedules  on  printing,  publishing,  and  the 
periodical  press.  Of  these  about  9,000  have  been  tabulated  for  the 
special  report,  and  the  tabulation  of  the  remaining  2,000  is  in  progress. 


788 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


The  tabulation  of  returns  for  lumber,  sawmills,  timber  products,  and 
tar  and  turpentine  lias  been  completed,  and  preliminary  totals  are 
being-  prepared. 

Tables  of  manufacturing  industries  in  1G5  cities  of  20,000  and  over 
have  been  completed  for  use  in  the  Compendium;  also  tables  for  the 
same  cities,  giving  the  data  in  detail  for  the  final  report,  together  with 
a  full  presentation  of  statistics  of  labor  and  wages  in  50  selected  indus- 
tries for  these  cities. 

AGRICULTURE. 


During  the  year  this  division  has  been  engaged  in  compiling  and 
tabulating  the  returns  from  the  agricultural  schedules,  and  has  issued 
the  following  bulletins: 

Cereal  production  in  the  States  of  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsyl- 
vania, Maryland,  District  of  Columbia,  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  North 
Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Ohio,  Michigan,  Missouri,  Minnesota,  "Wis- 
consin, North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  Mississippi,  Kentucky,  Louis- 
iana, Tennessee,  Texas,  Oklahoma;  cotton  productions  completed  for 
the  United  States. 

A  summary  has  been  prepared  and  bulletins  consolidated  for  the 
production  of  cereals  for  the  United  States. 

Bulletins  have  also  been  issued  on  artesian  wells  used  for  irrigating 
purposes  and  irrigation  in  the  State  of  Washington.  A  special  report 
on  irrigation  has  been  completed  and  is  being  prepared  for  xmblication. 

The  statistics  of  neat  cattle,  dairy  products,  and  swine  have  been 
tabulated.  Those  of  sheep  and  wool  are  prepared  for  the  final  report, 
and,  including  the  text,  are  ready  for  the  printer.  The  statistics  of 
valuation  and  acreage  of  farms  have  been  tabulated  for  34  States;  of 
grass  lands  and  forage  crops  for  21  States;  of  peas  and  beans  for  43 
States. 

FARMS,  HOMES,  AND  MORTGAGES. 

The  tabulation  of  all  particulars  has  been  completed  for  4,993,461 
mortgages  in  31  States,  as  shown  in  the  following  list: 

Mortgages. 

Miuuesota 390,040 

Mississippi 99,  797 

Montana 12,  654 

Nevada 3,348 

New  Ilanipslaire 41,  250 

New  Mexico 7,  459 

New  York 711,576 

Oregon 54,940 

Pennsylvania 1,038,982 

Rhode  Island 31,985 

Utah 17,108 

Vermont 61,  379 

Wisconsin 321,  376 

Wyoming 4,864 


Mortgages. 

Arizona 5,  062 

Arkansas 80,673 

California 245,  656 

Colorado 118,072 

Connecticnt 90,  867 

Delaware 17,  671 

District  of  Columbia  . . .  .• 35, 150 

Florida 42,039 

Georgia 103,  274 

Idaho 8,087 

Indiana 360,  749 

Kentucky 168,900 

Louisiana 60,  268 

Maine 90,343 

Maryland 88,129 

Massachusetts 250,  880 

Michigan 430,883 


Total 4,993,461 


The  work  of  the  year  in  this  tabulation  represents  54  per  cent  of  the 
entire  work  of  tabulation  of  real  estate  mortgages. 

The  tabulation  for  proprietorshii)  of  and  indebtedness  on  farms  and 
homes  was  begun  and  completed  for  5,894,839  families  in  23  States,  as 
shown  in  the  following  list: 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


789 


•  Families. 

Arizona 13,495 

Connecticut 165,  890 

District  of  Columbia 43,967 

Georgia 352,059 

Idaho 18,113 

Iowa 388,517 

Maryland 202, 179 

Massachusetts 479,  790 

Minnesota 247,  975 

Montana 27.  501 

Nevada 10,170 

New  Ilampsliiro 87,348 

New  Jersey 308,  339 


New  Mexico 

New  York 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

Tennessee 

Utah 

Yermout 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Uufiuished States  (estimated). 


Families. 

35,  504 

1,  308,  015 

1,  061,  626 

75, 010 

222, 941 

334, 194 

38, 816 

75,  869 

335,  456 

12,  065 

50,  000 


Total 5,894,839 

This  work  represents  46  per  cent  of  tlie  entire  tabulation  of  proprie- 
torsliip  and  indebtedness. 

A  large  area  of  country  was  covered  by  field  work  in  tlie  farm  and 
home  investigation,  and  most  of  this  fieldwork  was  done  during  the 
past  year.  A  novel  method  was  employed  in  this  undertaking,  at  first 
experimentally,  and  subsequently  with  the  assurance  that  the  facts 
were  more  trustworthily  ascertained  and  at  less  expense  than  they 
could  have  been  by  any  other  method.  Before  this  plan  had  been 
found  by  experiment  to  be  feasible,  it  had  been  estimated,  in  accord- 
ance with  previous  experience  with  statistical  fieldwork,  that  the 
necessary  farm  and  home  fiekhvork  would  cost  6233,425.  Under  the 
improved  system  adopted  this  work  was  accomj)lished  at  a  total  expense 
of  834,412.  Special  agents  were  sent  to  1,142  counties,  mostly  in  the 
Soutli,  and  through  negotiations  by  mail  county  clerks  were  employed 
to  make  returns  for  254  counties.  In  all,  the  fieldwork  covered  1,396 
of  the  2,781  counties  of  the  United  States,  and  from  these  counties 
reports  were  made  for  432,412  families. 

VITAL   STATISTICS. 

In  this  division  the  following  work  has  been  accomplished  since  the 
date  of  my  last  report : 

Tables  for  Part  I  of  the  volume  on  Yital  Statistics  have  been  prepared 
and  are  now  in  the  i^rinter's  hands.  The  text  for  this  volume  is  nearly 
ready  for  the  printer. 

Tables  for  Part  II  have  been  compiled  and  are  ready  for  the  compu- 
tation of  ratios. 

A  special  report  on  the  vital  statistics  of  Baltimore  and  the  District 
of  Columbia  (241  pages)  has  been  prepared  and  is  now  in  the  printer's 
hands.  A  similar  rejiort  on  the  vital  statistics  of  New  York  City  and 
Brooklyn  is  now  being  i)repared  and  will  be  ready  for  the  printer  in 
from  30  to  60  days. 

The  tables  for  the  final  report  on  social  statistics  of  cities  have  been 
completed  and  are  noAV  in  the  printer's  hands.  The  letterpress  is  in 
course  of  preparation. 

Fifteen  tables  for  the  final  report  on  special  classes  have  been  sent 
to  the  printer.  The  distribution  and  tabulation  of  tables  for  the  final 
report  have  been  completed  for  the  insane,  the  feeble-minded,  and  the 
deaf  and  dumb. 


CRi:\iE,  pauperism;  and  eeneyolence. 

In  this  division  202  final  tables  have  been  completed  and  delivered 
to  the  printer,  of  which  130  relate  to  prisoners,  67  to  juvenile  delin- 


790  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

qnciits,  1  to  statistics  of  police  departments,  ffiid  Gl  to  i)anpers  in. 
almslionses. 

Ill  addition,  249  tables  have  been  completed  and  are  ready  to  be 
delivered,  of  wliicli  3  relate  to  insane  paupers  and  24G  to  inmates  of 
benevolent  institutions. 

Over  600  pages  of  tables  for  final  report  are  in  type,  and  have  been 
read  and  comiiared  with  original  copy. 

Copy  has  been  made  of  SO  illustrated  diagrams  for  the  engraver,  to 
accompany  i:)ublished  report. 

TRANSPORTATION. 

The  final  reports  on  street  railroads.  Great  Lakes  and  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  and  the  Mississipjii  Valley  are  already  i)rinted,  and  the  final 
report  on  the  Pacific  coast  is  in  proof. 

The  work  to  be  done  consists  of  final  corrections  on  the  railroad 
report  for  1890 ;  general  and  text  tables  for  the  final  report  on  rail- 
roads for  the  ten  years  1880-1889:  text  and  duplicate  set  of  tables  for 
report  on  express  companies;  text  and  tables  for  report  on  canals; 
text  and  set  of  duplicate  tables  for  final  report  on  Atlantic  coast;  toj)- 
ical  index;  and  general  results,  largely  text  and  summary  tables. 

It  is  expected  that  all  the  copy  for  the  two  volumes  of  the  final  report 
will  be  ready  for  the  printer  by  the  middle  or  end  of  l^ovember. 

WEALTH,  DEBT,  AND  TAXATION. 

• 

The  last  i^art  of  the  volume  on  public  indebtedness  was  preijared 
for  the  printer  and  the  final  revision  of  proofs  made,  the  volume  being- 
published  in  February,  1893. 

The  tabulation  of  the  statistics  of  valuation  has  been  the  principal 
work  within  the  year,  and  complete  tables  showing  in  detail  valuation 
and  taxation  of  all  fjlaces  having  power  to  levy  a  tax,  or  at  least  all 
such  places  having  a  population  of  1,000  or  upward,  have  been  j)racti- 
cally  completed  and  mainly  copied  for  35  States  and  Territories,  and 
the  remaining  ones  are  well  under  way. 

The  receipts  and  expenditures,  of  schools  by  counties,  of  about  one- 
third  of  the  States  have  been  tabulated  by  geograpical  divisions,  and 
text  prepared  for  the  printer.  A  statement  showing  the  financial  con- 
dition 901  of  cities,  being  those  having  over  4,000  population,  has  also 
been  prepared  within  the  year.  The  receipts  and  expenditures  of 
municipalities  having  above  50,000  po])ulatioii  have  been  carefully 
revised  and  submitted  to  the  several  municipalities  for  approval. 

Statistics  showing  by  counties  the  estimated  true  value  of  taxed  real 
estate  and  that  exempt  from  taxation  in  1890  have  also  been  partly  tab- 
ulated and  per  capitas  computed. 

REVISION  AND   RESULTS. 

This  division  is  engaged  in  revising  compilations  made  by  the  several 
divisions  of  the  Census  Office.  There  were  revised  during  the  year 
2,514  pages  of  copy  for  bulletins  and  monographs,  8,294  pages  of  copy 
for  final  report,  and  1,40G  pages  of  copy  for  compendium.  There  were 
also  revised  1,092  pages  of  proof  for  bulletins  and  monographs,  4,340 
pages  of  proof  for  final  reports,  1,799  pages  of  x>roof  for  compendium  j 
in  all,  12,214  pages  of  copy  and  7,831  pages  of  proof. 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     791 
♦  PKINTINa  AND  STATIONERY. 

The  following  work  was  done  by  this  division  during  the  period  cov- 
ered by  this  rei^ort : 

In  all,  540  requisitions  for  printing  were  made.  Three  million  one 
hundred  and  sixty-two  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-two  copies  of 
tabulation  sheets,  circulars,  etc.,  were  printed  under  485  requisitions. 
Of  this  number  527,000  cox)ies  were  ruled.  There  were  printed  IGO  reg- 
ular and  27  extra  bulletins,  aggregating  700  pages.  About  60,000  tab- 
lets were  made.  In  addition,  about  6,000  pages  of  monograjihs  and 
final  reports  were  read  and  revised.  An  average  of  55  persons  was 
employed  to  accomphsh  this  work. 


I  regret  that  personal  interests  compel  me  to  relinquish  this  work 
before  the  office  of  Superintendent  expires  by  act  of  Congress,  Decem- 
ber 31,  1893.  As  this  is  my  last  report,  I  feel  it  a  privilege  to  say  a 
few  words  of  commendation  for  those  who  have  shared  the  burdens  and 
no  small  part  of  the  responsibilities  of  the  Eleventh  Census.  The 
experts  and  special  agents  in  charge  of  the  ::everal  branches  of  inquiry 
are  allotted  their  share  of  the  credit  in  the  reports  themselves  which 
bear  their  names.  While  some  of  the  work  has  not  come  cpiite  up  to 
the  standard  we  had  hoped  to  attain,  for  reasons  entirely  outside  of  the 
control  of  those  in  charge  of  it,  it  can  be  truthfully  said  of  the  Eleventh 
Census  that  there  has  been  no  absolute  failure  in  any  particular. 
Everything  undertaken  will  be  completed,  though  in  some  cases  with 
less  detail  than  originally  planned. 

The  summary  of  the  condition  of  the  final  reports  and  bulletins  given 
in  the  beginning  of  this  report  shows  that  up  to  the  31st  of  July  there 
have  been  printed,  in  round  numbers,  14,500  pages.  This  gives  some 
idea  of  the  magnitude  of  the  work  accomplished  uj)  to  the  present  time. 

In  taking  leave  of  the  office,  I  feel  entirely  satisfied  that  each  report 
will  be  finished  by  those  who  have  it  in  charge  in  accordance  with  the 
plans  laid  down,  and  with  the  same*  accuracy  and  earnestness  which 
has  characterized  the  work  from  the  beginning.  As  I  have  said,  the 
w^ork  of  the  expert  special  agents  speaks  for  itself,  as  their  names  are 
attached  to  the  reports. 

I  feel  that  a  mention  in  a  report  of  this  kind  of  the  services  of  those 
who  have  done  so  much  to  make  the  organization  of  the  office  creditable 
and  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  work,  is  but  inadequate  return; 
yet  it  is  the  only  way  I  have  of  manifesting  my  gratitude,  which  is  fiir 
greater  than  can  be  expressed  in  words.  My  thanks  are  due  to  Mr.  A. 
F.  Childs,  the  chief  clerk  of  the  office  for  about  three  years,  whose 
cooi^eration  was  invaluable  in  all  matters  relating  to  the  management 
of  the  office.  Affable,  polite,  and  of  infinite  tact,  he  will  long  be  remem- 
bered as  one  of  the  most  efficient  of  executive  officers. 

To  Mr.  James  H.  Wardle,  who  was  assistant  chief  clerk  and  had 
charge  of  the  appointment  division  until  his  appointment  as  chief 
clerk,  I  am  particularly  indebted  for  bringing  to  the  work  ten  years  of 
experience.  Mr.  Wardle  had  charge  of  closing  up  the  work  of  the  Tenth 
Census.  His  energy,  decision,  and  knowledge  of  all  matters  relating 
to  census  work  made  his  services  well-nigh  indispensable  to  the  Elev- 
enth Census. 

There  have  have  disbursed  from  the  several  funds  for  the  Census 
Office  about  $10,000,000,  and  this  work  has  been  in  charge  of  INIr.  J.  0. 


792  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Stoddard,  for  many  years  one  of  the  most  expert  disbursing  officers  of 
the  Government.  In  the  myriad  accounts  of  the  Census  Office,  the 
enumerators  and  special  agents  alone  numbering  over  50,000,  I  have 
never  heard  of  a  voucher  having  been  disallowed  or  of  any  difierence 
between -the  Treasury  Department  and  the  Census  Office.  It  would 
be  in^possible  to  conceive,  of  work  of  this  kind  being  done  with  more 
method,  more  care,  more  precision,  and  with  a  higher  sense  of  respon- 
sibility than  has  been  shown  by  Mr.  Stoddard.  He  certainly  deserves 
the  greatest  praise  for  the  manner  in  which  he  has  filled  one  of  the 
most  difficult  and  responsible  positions  in  connection  with  the  office.- 

Of  my  personal  and  valued  friend,  Prof.  James  H.  Blodgett,  the 
editor  of  the  census,  any  expression  of  appreciation  seems  tame.  With 
phenomenal  care  and  earnestness  Mr.  Ulodgett  edited  most  of  the  vol- 
umes of  the  Tenth  Census,  and  it  has  fallen  to  his  lot  to  do  similar 
work  for  the  Eleventh.  In  work  of  this  kind  he  has  no  equal.  Honesty 
of  purx)ose,  the  highest  j)ossible  conception  of  the  importance  of  accu- 
racy and  imiiartiality,  combined  with  a  general  knowledge  which  is 
almost  phenomenal,  are  characteristics  which  are  rare  and  which  have 
j)roved  invaluable  to  the  final  work  of  the  census.  In  my  o^^inion  no 
one  could  have  brought  to  this  position  the  experience  and  qualities 
which  have  made  Prof.  Blodgett's  work  of  infinite  value  in  so  many 
directions. 

The  place  occupied  by  Mr.  Blodgett  in  connection  with  the  written 
reports  of  the  census  has  been  as  ably  filled  by  Mr.  A.  E.  Shuman  in  the 
statistical  branch  of  the  work.  A  mathematician  of  the  highest  order, 
with  a  departmental  experience  of  fifteen  years,  including  important 
work  for  the  Tenth  Census,  Mr.  Shuman  came  thoroughly  equipped  to 
take  charge  of  the  division  of  results,  which  has  been  under  his  charge 
from  the  beginning.  It  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  every  special 
agent  and  expert  has  had  occasion  some  time  during  the  work  to  be 
grateful  to  Mr.  Shuman  for  the  discovery  of  errors  and  for  valuable  sug- 
gestions in  the  preparation  and  presentation  of  tables. 

My  sincere  tlianks  are  also  due  to  Miss  Alice  Halsey,  who,  from  the 
beginning  to  t\ie  close  of  my  term  of  office,  has  had  entire  charge  of 
the  correspondence  of  the  Superintendent's  office,  who  has  recognized 
no  hours  save  the  exacting  needs  of  the  office,  and  whose  industry, 
loyalty,  and  faithfulness  have  been  appreciated  far  beyond  the  expres- 
sion of  words. 

Egbert  P.  Porter, 
8upermtendent  of  Census, 

The  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  COMMISSIONEE  OF  EAILEOADS. 

Department  of  the  Interior, 
Office  of  Commissioner  of  Eailroads, 

Washinfjton,  D.  C,  November  1,  1893. 
Sir:  Incompliance  with  the  provisions  of  the  a<3t  approved  June 
19, 1878,  entitled  "An  act  to  create  an  auditor  of  railroad  acounts,  and 
for  other  purijoses"  (20  Stat.,  169),  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  fol- 
lowing report  and  accompanying  exhibits,  upon  the  physical  and  finan- 
cial condition  of  the  property  and  affiiirs  of  the  several  railroad  compa- 
nies coming  under  the  jurisdiction  of  this  Bureau,  and  which  have  sub- 
mitted reports  to  it  during  the  past  year,  according  to  law. 


REPOKT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR.  793 

AUTHORITY  CONFERRED  BY  THE  ACT  OF  JUNE  19,  1878. 

Tlie  title  ''auditor  of  railroad  accounts"  was  clianjied  to  "Commis- 
sioner of  Eailroads"  by  the  act  making  appropriations  for  the  legis- 
lative, executive,  and  iudicial  expenses  of  the  Government  forthe  fiscal 
year  ended  June  30,  1882  (21  Stat.,  409). 

Section  2  of  the  tirst-named  act  establishes  the  office  as  a  bureau  of 
the  Interior  Department  and  provides  for  the  necessary  organization  and 
expenses. 

Section  3  provides  that  the  duties  of  the  said  auditor  (Commissioner 
of  Eailroads)  shall  be  to  prescribe  a  system  of  reports  to  be  rendered  to 
him  by  the  railroad  companies  whose  roads  are  in  whole  or  in  part  west, 
north,  or  south  of  the  Missouri  Eiver  (a  line  drawn  due  north  and  south 
through  the  confluence  of  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  rivers,  has 
been  fixed  as  the  dividing  line),  and  to  which  the  United  States  have 
granted  any  loan,  or  credit,  or  subsidy  in  bonds  or  lands;  to  examine 
the  books  and  accounts  of  each  of  said  railroad  companies  once  in 
each  fiscal  year,  and  at  such  other  times  as  may  be  deemed  necessary, 
to  determine  the  correctness  of  any  report  received  from  them;  to 
assist  the  Government  directors  of  the  Union  Pacific  Eailway  Com- 
l^any  in  all  matters  which  come  under  their  cognizance,  whenever 
they  may  officially  request  such  assistance ;  to  see  that  the  laws  rela- 
ting to  such  companies  are  enforced;  to  furnish  such  information  to 
the  several  Departments  of  the  Government,  in  regard  to  tariffs  for 
freight  and  passengers,  and  in  regard  to  the  accounts  of  said  rail- 
road companies,  as  may  be  required;  and  to  make  an  annual  report  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  (jSTovember  1)  on  the  condition  of  each  of 
said  railroad  companies,  their  road,  accounts,  and  affairs,  for  the  fiscal^ 
year  ended  June  30,  immediately  preceding. 

Section  5  provides  the  penalty  for  neglect  or  refusal  on  the  part  of  the 
railroad  companies  to  make  such  re^jort  as  may  be  called  for,  etc. 

ISSUES   OF   BONDS  AND   GRANTS   OF  LAND. 

The  original  Pacific  Railroad  act  was  approved  July  1, 18o2  (12  Stat., 
480),  and  authorized  the  construction  of  a  railroad  and  telegraph  line 
from  the  Missouri  Eiver  to  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  made  a  grant  of  five 
alternate  sections  per  mile  on  each  side  of  the  road,  and  authorized  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  issue  bonds  to  the  companies;  said  bonds 
to  be  a  first  lien  upon  the  roadbed,  equipment,  and  certain  other  prop- 
erty of  the  companies.  Ko  road  was  constructed  under  this  act,  as  its 
terms  were  not  considered  sufficiently  liberal. 

The  first  amendment  was  approved  July  2, 1804  (13  Stat.,  356),  under 
the  terms  of  which  the  land  grant  was  doubled,  and  the  companies 
were  authorized  to  issue  first-mortgage  bonds  of  even  tenor,  date,  and 
amount  of  the  subsidy  bonds,  the  lien  of  the  Government  being  thereby 
subordinated  and  becoming  a  second  mortgage.  It  was  under  this  act 
that  the  roads  were  built  and  bonds  issued  by  the  United  States  in  aid 
of  construction.  These  bonds  are  commonly  called  ''subsidy  bonds"  or 
"currency  sixes." 

These  grants  were  made  upon  the  condition  that  the  companies  should 
pay  said  bonds  at  maturity;  should  keep  their  railroads  and  telegraph 
lines  in  repair  and  use,  and  at  all  times  transmit  dispatches  and  trans- 
port mails,  troops,  munitions  of  war,  supiilies,  and  ])ublic  stores  for  the 
Government;  and  that  the  Government  should  at  all  times  have  prefer- 
ence in  the  use  of  the  roads  for  all  the  x)iirposes  aforesaid,  "  at  fair  and 


794  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

reasonable  rates  of  comiiensatioii,  not  to  exceed  tlie  amounts  x)aid  by 
private  parties  for  the  same  kind  of  service;"  one-lialf  of  the  com- 
pensation for  transportation  services  to  be  retained  by  tlie  Government 
and  applied  to  tbe  payment  of  said  bonds  and  interest,  until  tlie  wliole 
amount  shall  have  been  paid;  and  in  addition  thereto  the  company 
"Wcis  required  to  pay  annually  at  least  5  T)er  cent  of  its  net  earnings. 

The  beneficiaries  under  this  act  were  the  Union  Pacific,  Central 
Pacific,  Westerji  Pacific,  Kansas  Pacific,  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific, 
and  the  Sioux  City  and  Pacific  Eailroad  companies. 

REQUIREMENTS   UNDER   THE   THURMAN  ACT. 

After  the  roads  had  been  in  operation  for  about  ten  years,  it  was 
found  that  the  amounts  annually  received  from  these  companies  under 
the  requirements  of  law  were  not  sufficient  to  reimburse  the  Govern- 
ment for  the  interest  upon  the  subsidy  bonds  Avhich  was  being  paid 
annually  by  the  United  States,  consequently  the  debts  were  increasing 
instead  of  diminishing.  This  led  to  the  amendment  of  May  7,  1878, 
commonly  known  as  the  '^  Thurman  act;"  but  it  was  made  to  apx)ly  to 
the  Union  Pacific  and  Central  Pacific  railroads  only.  (The  Western 
Pacific  Eailroad  Company,  having  been  consolidated  with  the  Central 
Pacific  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act,  is  subject  to  its  requirements.) 

Under  its  terms,  the  entire  compensation  for  services  rendered  in  the 
transportation  of  Government  supplies,  mails,  etc.,  is  retained  and 
covered  into  the  Treasury ;  one-half  to  the  credit  of  the  account  for 
reimbursement  of  interest,  and  one-half  to  the  credit  of  the  sinking 
fund  created  by  the  third  section  of  this  act.  These  companies  were  also 
required  to  pay  in  cash  such  an  amount,  in  addition  to  the  whole  of  the 
transportation  and  the  5  per  cent  of  the  net  earnings,  payable  under 
the  act  of  1864,  as  will  make  in  the  aggregate  a  sum  equal  to  25  x)er 
cent  of  their  annual  net  earnings. 

FUNCTIONS   OF   THE    OFFICE. 

The  most  important  function  of  the  office  is  the  ascertainment  of  the 
amounts  annually  due  the  Government  by  the  several  "bond-aided" 
railroad  companies  under  existing  laws.  This  duty  requires  that  the 
bookkeex)ers  should  visit  the  principal  offices  of  the  respective  com- 
panies once  in  each  year  and  make  a  personal  examination  into  their 
affairs.  The  general  books  of  the  Union  Pacific  Eailway  (the  Kansas 
Pacific  having  been  consolidated  therewith)  and  the  Central  Branch 
Union  Pacific  are  kept  in  Boston,  Mass.;  those  of  the  Central  Pacific 
Eailroad  Company  are  kept  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  and  those  of  the 
Sioux  City  and  Pacific  Eailroad  Company  in  Chicago,  111.  This  last- 
named  railroad  is  operated  by  the  Chicago  and  ]S"ortliwestern  Eailway 
Company. 

MEANING  OF   "NET  EARNINGS." 

Owing  to  the  numerous  differences  of  oinnion  as  to  what  constituted 
"net  earnings"  within  the  meaning  of  the  law,  considerable  litigation 
has  ensued ;  but  the  Supreme  Court  has  finally  held  that  expenditures 
for  nCAV  construction  and  new  equipment  were  not  proper  deductions — 
thus  sustaining  the  position  taken  by  the  office,  and  such  items  are 
therefore  excluded  in  ascertaining  the  amounts  due  the  Government 
each  year.  There  are  some  matters  still  i)endiug  in  the  Court  of 
Claims,  the  most  important  of  which  is  the  suit  of  the  Union  Pacific 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     795 

Eailway  Company  to  recover  amounts  collected  from  it  on  account  of 
the  earnings  from  the  bridge  across  the  Missouri  Eiver  between  Coun- 
cil Bluffs  and  Omaha  5  the  company  claiming  that,  as  the  bridge  was 
not  constructed  by  the  aid  of  bonds,  it  is  not  subject  to  the  require- 
ments of  law  with  respect  to  the  i)ayment  of  a  i)ercentage  of  net  earn- 
ings. It  also  claimed  that  the  Government  "«'«s  not  entitled  to  a 
percentage  of  the  net  earnings  derived  from  the  operation  of  its  Pull- 
man Association  cars.  The  jwsition  taken  by  the  office  is  sustained  in 
United  States  vs.  The  Union  Pacific  Pailway  Company  (99  U.  S.,  419), 
wherein  the  Supreme  Court  held  that  the  net  earnings  "must  be 
regarded  as  embracing  all  the  earnings  and  income  derived  by  the  com- 
pany from  the  railroad  proper,  and  all  the  appendages  and  appurte- 
nances thereof,  including  its  ferry  and  bridge  at  Omaha,  its  cars  and 
all  its  property  and  apparatus  legitimately  connected  with  its  rail- 
road." Under  this  decision  the  net  earnings  from  these  sources  were 
included  in  amounts  found  due  from  that  company. 

REPORTS  REQUIRED  FROM  LAND-GRANT  RAILROAD  COMPANIES. 

As  the  Government  has  no  pecuniary  interest  in  what  are  known 
as  the  "land-grant  railroads,"  it  has  not  been  the  practice  to  make 
examination  of  their  books  and  accounts.  They  are  simiily  required 
to  submit  an  annual  report  to  this  office,  on  the  prescribed  form, 
which  shows  their  financial  condition,  earnings  and  expenses,  and 
other  data ;  but  the  office  has  never  made  any  attem^jt  to  verify  these 
reports. 

It  was  the  duty  of  the  engineer  to  inspect  the  various  properties  of 
the  companies  and  embody  in  his  report  thereon  the  princi{)al  improve- 
ments or  changes  made.  In  the  event  of  a  company  failing  to  main- 
tain its  roadbed  or  equipment  in  good  condition,  the  Commissioner 
can  simj)ly  call  attention  to  such  matters  in  his  annual  report,  but  he 
has  no  means  of  compelling  the  companies  to  make  repairs  or  remedy 
defects. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Commissioner  "  to  see  that  the  laws  relat- 
ing to  said  companies  are  enforced  *  *  *."  Under  this  provision 
of  the  statute  it  becomes  my  duty  to  report  to  the  Department  that 
certain  of  the  land-grant  roads,  coming  under  the  jurisdiction  of  this 
Bureau,  have,  for  a  number  of  years,  failed  to  submit  a  report  of  their 
operations  upon  the  form  prescribed.  Owing  to  this  fact,  and  to  a 
reduced  professional  and  clerical  force,  I  have  been  unable,  wholly,  to 
report  as  required  by  law  "  on  the  condition  of  each  of  said  railroad 
companies,  their  road,  accounts,  and  affairs." 

The  roads  which  have  failed  to  report  as  aforesaid  are  referred  to 
by  name  hereafter,  in  their  proper  order. 

EFFICIENCY   OF   THE  BUREAU  IMPAIRED. 

Upon  assuming  the  duties  of  Commissioner  of  Eailroads,  I  found 
that  the  efficiency  of  the  Bureau  had  been  seriously  impaired  by  a 
reduction  in  the  number  and  pay  of  emx^loyes.  The  office  of  engineer 
had  been  abolished,  although  the  law  creating  the  Bureau  requires 
an  annual  inspection  of  the  i)hysical  characteristics  of  the  roads  coming 
under  its  supervision.  The  position  of  copyist  had  also  been  abolished, 
the  value  and  imj)ortance  of  whose  services  as  typewriter  and  stenog- 
rapher, in  facilitating  the  correspondence,  should  have  been  recognized. 
The  reduction  in  the  bookkeeper's  salary  caused  an  official,  who  had 


796  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

beeu  counected  with  tlie  Bureau  since  its  orgauizatiou,  to  seek  employ- 
ment elsewliere,  wLicli  was  easily  secuied  and  at  an  increased  com- 
I)ensation.  A  firm  believer  in  the  doctrine  that  public  expenditures 
sliould  be  limited  to  the  necessities  of  the  Government  economically 
administered,  I  am  also  convinced  that  economy  of  the  character 
herein  alluded  to  is  unwise.  The  act  of  Congress  approved  May  7, 
1878,  otherwise  known  as  the  "Thurman  act,"  had  for  its  object  a 
governmental  supervision  of  the  Pacific  railroads  which  had  received 
bonds  of  the  United  States  in  aid  of  construction,  to  the  end  that  final 
repayment  by  the  companies  of  the  amounts  so  advanced  might  be 
secured.  This  law  is  still  upon  the  statute  book.  If  it  has  not  been 
found  to  justify  the  expectations  of  its  framers,  it  is  amendable;  mean- 
while, the  necessary  means  for  its  entbrcement  should  be  furnished. 
The  appropriation  for  traveling  exi)enses  and  subsist<?nce,  made  nec- 
essary by  the  requirement  for  an  annual  inspection  of  accounts  and 
property,  originally  fixed  at  $2,000,  was  afterward  increased  to  $3,000, 
and  subsequently  reduced,  in  different  years,  to  $3,500,  $2,000,  and 
$1,000,  respectively.  For  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 189-1,  the  sum 
of  $500  was  appropriated.  It  should  be  obvious  that  this  amount  is 
wholly  inadequate.  The  balance  of  the  appropriation  for  the  year 
ended  June  30,  1893,  however,  enabled  me  to  authorize  the  railroad 
engineer,  whose  oflice  was  abolislied  on  that  date,  to  make  an  inspec- 
.tion  of  the  bond-aided  roads  before  June  30.  The  results  of  such 
inspection  are  embodied  in  the  engineer's  report.     (Appendix  A.) 

CONDITION   OF   THE  PROPERTIES. 

A  personal  inspection  of  the  properties  of  the  Union  and  Central 
Pacific  Eailroad  Companies  was  made  by  me  in  May  and  June  of  the 
current  year  and  they  were  found  to  be  in  excellent  physical  condition. 
The  books  and  accounts  of  the  bond-aided  roads  have  been  thoroughly 
examined  during  the  year  by  the  bookkeeper  of  the  Bureau  and  the 
actual  amount  found  due  the  United  States  carefully  ascertained.  Full 
statements  of  the  financial  condition  of  the  companies  are  contained  in 
this  report. 

AMOUNTS  FOUND  DUE  THE  UNITED  STATES  FOR  1892. 

The  Union  Pacific  Railway  Company,  including  the  Kansas  Division, 
shows  an  increase  in  net  earnings  over  the  previous  year  of  $658,184.19. 
The  amount  found  due  the  United  States  under  the  act  of  1864  (Kan- 
sas Division)  and  the  act  of  1878  (Union  Division)  was  $42,031.27  in 
excess  of  the  previous  year. 

The  net  earnings  of  the  Central  Pacific  Eailroad  Company  for  1892 
show  a  falling  off  of  $570,019.89,  as  comi)ared  with  1891;  the  require- 
ment for  1892,  under  the  act  of  1878,  being  $36,467.94  less  than  for 
1891.  This  is  due  to  the  decreased  earnings  of  the  aided  portion  of  the 
road. 

By  reason  of  an  increase  of  $106,825.22  in  the  amount  expended  for 
new  equipment,  the  net  earnings  of  the  Sioux  City  and  Pacific  Eail- 
road Company  were  reduced  to  $26,385.32,  which,  being  insufiicient  to 
pay  the  interest  on  the  first  mortgage  bonds,  the  5  per  cent  of  net 
earnings,  under  the  acts  of  1862  and  1864,  are  not  due  the  United 
Statesr  (United  States  vs.  Sioux  City  and  Pacific  Eailroad  Company, 
99  U.  S.,  492.)  One-half  the  amount  of  Government  transportation 
for  the  year,  however,  viz,  $14,407.03,  is  due  the  United  States. 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.      797 

The  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Eaikoad  Company  shows  an 
increase  in  net  earnings,  over  1891,  of  $107,715.56,  and  a  corresponding 
increase  in  the  amoniit  Ibnnd  due  the  United  States,  under  the  acts  of 
1862  and  1861,  of  $13,330.79. 

CHARGES  AGAINST  THE   COMPANIES  REVIEWED. 

The  '^criticisms,  allegations,  and  complaints"  against  the  companies, 
referred  to  by  my  i)redecessor  in  his  annual  report  for  1890,  are  found 
to  consist  of  charges  which  have  been  made  t;lie  subject  of  investigation 
from  time  to  time,  notably  by  Congress  immediately  following  the 
Credit  Mobilier  scandal,  and  more  recently  by  the  United  States  Pacific 
Kail  way  Commission  in  1887.    Briefly  summarized,  the  charges  are: 

(1)  That  tlie  companies  obtained  possession"  of,  say,  2,000  miles  of  railroad,  with- 
ont  investing  any  money  of  their  own,  in  the  following  manner:  The  aggregate  of 
the  Government  subsidy  to  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company  was  $27,226,512  and 
to  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company  $27,855,680.  In  addition  to  this  subsidy  in 
bonds,  each  company  received  a  grant  of  12,800  acres  of  land  per  mile  of  road.  By  the 
act  of  1864  each  company  was  authorized  to  issue  bonds  to  an  amount  eqxial  to  the  Gov- 
ernment subsidy,  the  lien  yf  the  Government  being  made  subordinate  and  secured 
only  by  a  second  mortgage.  The  companies  were  tlien  authorized,  on  the  credit  of 
the" first  mortgage,  to  borrow  a  sum  equal  to  the  amount  of  the  Government  loan; 
and  finally  they  were  authorized  to  issue  and  sell  stock  to  the  amount  of  $100,000,000. 

(2)  That  if  the  affairs  of  the  companies  had  been  economically  administered,  the 
proceeds  of  the  sale  of  Government  bonds  alone  would  have  realized  an  amount  suf- 
ficient to  provide  for  the  building  and  equipment  of  the  entire  line  of  road;  but  the 
cost  of  construction  was  unnecessarily  increased  in  order  that  certain  officials  of  the 
companies  Avho,  at  the  same  time  were  meuibers  of  the  construction  companies, 
might  r(ialize  large  profits.  The  nominal  cost  of  construction,  therefore,  represented 
not  only  the  actual  and  necessary  expenditure,  but  a  margin  which,  divided  a 
profits  among  the  members  of  the  construction  companies,  enabled  them  to  amass 
large  fortunes. 

(8)  It  is  further  held  that  as  the  Pacific  railroads  are  the  largest  debtors  to  the 
Government  of  the  United  States,  their  liability,  principal  and  interest,  aggregating 
$115,348,287.73,  their  publicly  confessed  inability  to  meet  their  obligations  at  matur- 
ity, must  result  in  increased  taxation,  through  a  readjustment  of  the  public  revenues. 

(4)  It  is  maintained  that  the  present  earnings  of  the  bonded  roads  furnish  no  just 
criterion  of  their  earning  capacity,  as  they  are  in  the  hands  of  individuals  inter- 
ested in  competing  lines. 

THE   COMPANIES'  DEFENSE. 

On  the  part  of  the  comi)anies  it  is  held : 

(1)  That  the  roads  were  built  during  a  national  crisis,  under  the  most  unfavorable 
circumstances,  when  the  cost  of  material  and  labor  was  at  its  maximum;  not  a 
spadeful  of  earth  having  been  turned  under  the  act  of  1862. 

(2)  That  their  construction  was  of  incalculable  benefit,  resulting  in  the  pres- 
ervation of  California  to  the  Union,  and  an  immense  saving  to  the  United  States  in 
the  cost  of  military,  naval,  and  postal  transportation. 

(3)  In  view  of  the  advantages  which  accrued  to  the  Government  from  the  build- 
ing of  the  roads,  it  is  claimed  that  the  United  States  would  bo  the  gainer  if  no 
further  reimbursement  were  made  for  their  coiistruction.  The  liberality  of  the 
Dominion  Government  toward  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Company  is  cited  in 
justification  of  this  opinion. 

(4)  It  is  contended  by  the  companies  that  the  munificent  grants  of  land  which 
were  made  subsequently  by  the  United  States  to  competing  lines — the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific  and  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  companies,  for  example — resulted  in  such  a 
material  reduction  of  rates,  and  consequent  decrease  in  earnings,  as  to  impair  the 
ability  of  the  companies  to  meet  their  obligations  to  the  Government. 

(5)  The  fact  that  for  a  distance  of  nearly  1,500  miles  west  of  the  one  hundredth 
meridian  in  Nebraska  there  is  very  little  land  available  for  agriculture,  the  greater 
portion  of  the  entire  grant  from  the  Missouri  River  to  the  Sacramento  Valley  con- 
sisting of  arid  deserts  and  stony  mountains  which,  as  they  offer  no  inducements  to 
settlers,  are  absolutely  unsalable,  will  account  for  a  lack  of  local  traffic,  on  which 
all  railroad  enterprises  rely  for  profit. 


798  PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THE 

INADEQUACY  OF  THE  TnURMAN  ACT. 

The  foregoing-  wide  and  radical  differences  of  opinion  on  y/liat  is 
known  as  the  Pacific  Eailroad  question  are  found  to  exist.  The  debts 
of  the  bond-aided  roads  are  steadily  increasing  under  the  operation  of 
law,  the  percentage  of  net  earnings  due  the  United  States,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  provisions  of  the  Thurman  act,  being  insufficient  to  meet 
the  annual  interest  charge.  The  requirements  of  the  law  having  been 
fully  complied  with  by  the  companies,  the  failure  to  answer  the  pur- 
pose for  which  it  was  intended  must  be  held  to  rest  in  the  law  itself. 
As  previously  stated,  the  reduced  earnings  of  the  roads,  due  to  decreased 
trafiic,  have  necessarily  diminished  the  percentage  of  net  earnings.  It 
should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  estimated  earnings  of  the  Union  and 
Central  Pacific  Eailroad  companies  were  based  upon  the  business  of 
one  continuous  line  of  road.  Since  their  construction,  however,  five 
other  transcontinental  railroads  have  been  built,  viz:  The  Canadian 
Pacific  Eailroad,  the  iNorthern  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Great  ISTorthern 
Eailway,  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Eailroad,  the  Southern  Pacific  Eail- 
road. The  completion  and  opening  of  these  roads  to  traffic  revolution- 
ized the  conditions  which  prevailed  when  the  last  sijike  in  the  Union 
and  Central  was  driven  by  Governor  Stanford,  near  Promontory,  Utah, 
May  10, 1860. 

RECOMMENDATIONS. 

In  view  of  the  magnitude  of  the  interests  involved  and  of  the  fact  that 
the  funding  bill  (S.  751,  Fifty-second  Congress,  first  session),  which  was 
made  the  subject  of  a  special  report,  and  with  sundry  amendments  rec- 
ommended for  adoption  by  my  predecessor,  does  not  meet  with  favor 
by  certain  officials  of  the  Central  Pacific  Eailroad  Company  I  would 
recommend  the  apiDointment  by  the  President  of  a  commission  with 
full  power  to  settle  the  indebtedness  of  the  bond-aided  Pacific  rail- 
roads to  the  Government,  on  terms  which  shall  be  honorable  to  the 
comx)anies  and  just  to  the  United  States.  The  appointment  of  such  a 
commission  was  urged  by  my  i)redecessor  and  recommended  by  Presi- 
dent Harrison,  and  in  view  of  the  many  and  complex  questions  involved 
in  the  final  settlement  of  all  differences  between  the  Government  and 
the  subsidized  roads,  I  regard  it  as  of  the  utmost  importance  that  such 
action  should  be  taken.  It  would  be  difficult,  if  not  imi^ossible,  for  a 
satisfactory  adjustment  of  all  the  grave  questions  which  must  necessa- 
rily be  considered  to  be  arrived  at  by  so  large  a  body  as  Congress, 
pressed  as  the  members  always  are  in  the  ordinary  discharge  of  their 
public  duties;  nor  is  it  probable  that  any  agreement  could  be  reached 
which  would,  while  protecting  the  vast  interests  of  the  Government,  be 
just  and  equitable  to  the  railroad  companies  concerned.  Some  settle- 
ment must  be  made  promptly,  for  a  large  portion  of  the  indebtedness 
of  the  companies  to  the  Government  will  mature  in  a  short  time,  and  as 
the  companies  are  not  in  a  condition  to  meet  their  liabilities,  the  only 
alternative  Avhich  will  be  left  to  the  Government  will  be  to  assume 
ownership  of  the  roads,  or  to  accept  such  terms  as  may  be  proposed  by 
the  officials  of  the  companies. 

As  the  Government  holds  only  a  second  mortgage  on  these  roads,  in 
order  to  secure  possession  of  them  all  prior  liens  would  have  tobepaid  and 
this  would  involve  not  only  the  enormous  outlay  of,  say,  $180,000,000, 
but  would  entail  the  necessity  of  their  operation  by  the  Government, 
an  experiment  which  has  invariably    resulted    disastrously  in  this 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     799 

country  Avlienever  tried  by  any  State.  If  this  plan  is  deemed  imiiracti- 
cablc,  the  only  other  alternative  looking  to  the  adjustment  of  all  matters 
pertaining-  to  the  subsidized  roads  is  an  amicable  and  equitable  settle- 
ment with  the  authorities  of  these  roads,  and  this,  as  I  have  said,  can, 
in  my  judgment,  be  best  eifected  by  the  appointment  of  a  commission 
with  full  power  to  settle  all  questions  involved.  The  railroad  officials 
express  a  desire  to  have  a  promjit.  just,  and  final  adjustment  of  all 
differences,  and  they  declare  their  willingness  to  pay  the  Government 
all  dues  as  fully  and  as  speedily  as  they  possibly  can.  If  the  Govern- 
ment can  be  secured  from  ultimate  loss,  the  question  of  time  in  the 
payment  is  of  little  consequence. 

Should  the  foregoing  recommendation  not  receive  favorable  consid- 
eration by  Congress,  I  recommend  that  section  4  of  the  act  approved 
May  7, 1878,  otherwise  known  as  the  "Thurman  act,"  be  amended  so  as 
to  embrace  within  its  provisions  all  of  the  Pacific  railroads  which  have 
received  from  the  United  States  bonds  in  aid  of  construction.  No 
reason  is  known  why  this  should  not,  be  done,  or  why  it  was  not  done 
in  the  first  instance,  as  it  would  have  added  a  material  sum  to  the 
amount  found  "due  the  United  States;"  especially  from  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Eailroad  (now  the  Union  Pacific,  Kansas  Division). 

I  earnestly  renew  the  following  recommendation  of  my  predecessor, 
which  was  first  proposed  by  the  auditor  of  raikoad  accounts  in  1879, 
and  for  the  reasons  stated : 

That  the  act  of  June  19,  1878,  creatiDg  this  Bureau  he  further  amended  hj'  pro- 
viding that  the  so-called  bonded  roads  transmit  all  accounts  for  transportation 
services  rendered  the  Government,  including  the  carrying  of  the  mails,  through  this 
Bureau  to  the  proper  accounting  officers  of  the  Treasury;  and  that  all  disallowances 
or  differences  in  said  accounts  found  hy  the  accounting  officers  upon  settlement  he 
re^jorted  to  this  Bureau  before  final  payment  or  allowance  of  the  same ;  and  that  this 
Bureau  report  to  the  Treasury  Deiiartment  ^Yhat  changes,  if  any,  are  recxuii-ed  in  the 
jiayment  or  disposal  of  the  moneys  so  found  to  be  due  the  said  companies. 

it  is  imiiortant  that  there  be  soHie  bureau  of  the  Government  in  which  can  be  found 
full  information  as  to  the  accounts  between  the  bonded  railroads  and  the  United 
States.  Up  to  the  present  time  there  has  been  no  such  bureau.  Out  of  the  numerous 
acts  affecting  the  roads  in  question  there  has  grown  much  confusion.  The  Post- 
Office,  War,  Treasury,  and  Interior  Departments  each  have  extensive  dealings  with  , 
these  roads.  Bills  for  services  rendered  are  sent  for  adjustment  to  many  different ' 
accounting  officers,  each  acting  independently  of  the  others. 

There  are  now  millions  of  dollars  of  unsettled  bills  awaiting  final  action  in  the 
Treasury  Deiiartment.  It  is  due  to  the  railroad  companies  that  all  these  accounts 
for  services  be  promptly  adjusted  and  that  such  sums  as  are  legally  their  due  bft 
credited  or  paid  to  them. 

It  is  to  the  interest  of  the  Government  to  know  the  exact  condition  of  its  accounts 
with  the  railroad  companies  it  has  aided  and  whose  obligations  it  holds.  As  accounts 
are  rendered  at  present  it  would  be  a  A'exatious  and  almost  impossible  task  to  seen  2 
such  information.  Were  all  accounts  rendered  through  this  Bureau  by  the  railroad 
companies,  and  the  action  taken  by  the  accounting  officers,  reported  here,  all  of 
which  might  be  douo  with  no  increased  expense  the  records  of  this  Bureau  could  at 
all  times  give  easy  access  to  any  information  that  might  be  desired  by  Congress,  or 
anj"-  of  the  departments  of  the  Government,  in  regard  to  the  accounts  and  indebted- 
ness of  the  bonded  roads. 

The  Secretary  strongly  indorsed  this  recommendation  in  his  last  annual  report. 
A  bill  providing  for  the  amendment  suggested  was  introduced  in  the  Senate  at  its 
last  session  and,  with  trifling  amendments,  was  unanimously  jiassed. 

ESTIMATES  FOR  1891-'95. 

Under  section  2  of  the  act  of  June  19,  1878,  the  following  official 
force  was  iirovided  for  : 

An  auditor,  at  a  salary  of $5,  000 

One  bookkeeper,  at  a  salary  of 2,  400 

One  assistant  bookkeeper,  at  a  salary  of 2,  000 

One  clerk,  at  a  salary  of 1,  400 

One  copyist,  at  a  salary  of 900 


800  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

There  was  also  an  a])propriatiou  of  §2,000  for  traveling  expenses. 
In  tbe  following  year  a  railroad  engineer  was  added,  at  a  salary  of 
$2,000,  wliicli  was  subsequently  increased  to  §2,500.  Other  changes 
in  the  appropriations  were  made  from  time  to  time.  The  salary  of  the 
auditor  was  reduced  to  $4:,500,  a  clerk  of  class  three  was  substituted 
for  a  clerk  of  class  two,  the  traveling  expenses  were  increased  to 
§3,000,  and  an  assistant  messenger  was  provided  for. 

The  estimates  submitted  by  me  for  the  flscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1894:,  have  been  made  as  small  as  possible  consistent  with  a  proper 
performance  of  the  functions  of  the  office.    They  are  as  follows: 

Commissioner $4,500 

Ouc  bookkeeper 2,  000 

One  assistant  bookkeeper 1,  800 

Oue  clerk,  class  three,  to  act  as  private  secretary  to  the  Commissiouer 1,  600 

One  clerk  of  class  one 1,  200 

Oue  assistant  messenger 720 

Traveling  expenses 1,  000 

Total 12,820 

Preparation  of  the  office  correspondence,  together  with  important 
and  technical  work  in  tabulating  reports,  render  the  services  of  an 
expert  typewriter  (who  should  also  be  a  stenographer)  and  a  careful  and 
accurate  accountant  absolutely  essential.  The  first  is  estimated  for 
as  private  secretary  to  the  Commissioner  and  the  latter  as  a  clerk  of 
class  one. 

The  position  of  private  secretary  to  the  Commissioner  has  heretofore 
been  filled  by  a  clerk  of  class  three.  This  position  was  abolished  by 
the  Fifty-second  Congress  and  a  clerk  of  class  one  substituted.  The 
position  of  copyist  was  also  abolished,  which  devolved  the  work  ot 
that  position  on  the  private  secretary. 

The  approaching  settlement  of  the  indebtedness  of  the  bond-aided 
Pacific  railroads  to  the  United  States  will  impose  additional  and  very 
responsible  duties  upon  this  Bureau,  which  will  fall  heavily  uj^on  the 
present  limited  force. 

As  the  position  of  railroad  engineer  has  been  abolished  by  Congress 
his  duties  will  devolve  upon  the  Commissioner. 

The  estimate  of  $1,000  for  traveling  expenses  is  intended  to  provide 
for  one  annual  trip  of  inspection  by  the  Commissioner  and  his  private 
secretary  and  one  annual  examination  of  the  books  and  accounts  by 
the  bookkeepers.  The  expense  of  such  trip  averages  $250  for  each 
person,  and  $1,000  is  as  small  a  sum  as  should  be  allowed. 

Personnel  of  the  Bureau  Noveniber  1,  1S93. 

Wade  Hampton,  Commissioner $4,500 

Francis  E.  Storm,  bookkeeper 2,000 

(Vacancy)  assistant  bookkeeper 1, 800 

Charles  V,.  Thomas,  clerk,  assigned  to  duty  as  jirivate  secretary  to  the  Com- 
missioner    1,200 

Miss  Kate  Schmidt,  copyist,  detailed  for  duty  from  Pension  Office 900 

Henry  Braxton,  assistant  messenger 720 

******* 

Poor's  Manual  of  Eailroads  has  been  the  principal  authority  consulted 
in  the  preparation  of  a  preliminary  history  of  the  railroad  companies 
coming  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Bureau  and  considered  in  this 
report. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR.  801 

ATLANTIC   AND  PACIFIC  RAILROAD   COMPANY. 
(ATCHISON,    TOPEKA  AND   SANTA   FE   RAILROAD   COMPANY.) 

This  company  was  cliartered  by  the  Government  of  the  United  States 
to  construct  a  railroad  from  tlie  Mississippi  Eiver  to  the  Pacific  Ocean- 
on  the  thirty-fifth  parallel. 

The  road  passed  under  the  control  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and 
Santa  Fe  Railroad  Company  by  the  latter's  purchase  of  the  capital 
stock  of  the  St.  Louis  and  San  Francisco  Eailway  Company.  For  the 
purjiose  of  securing  an  extension  of  its  line  from  the  Rio  Grande  to  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  the  Atchison  entered  into  a  contract  with  the  St.  Louis 
and  San  Francisco,  whereby  the  latter  transferred  to  the  former,  with- 
out cost  to  it,  one-half  of  the  share  capital  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pa- 
cific, up  to  that  time  wholly  owned  by  the  St.  Louis  and  San  Francisco. 

By  the  act  of  Congress  approved  July  27,  18GG,  the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific  company  received  from  the  United  States  a  grant  of  42,000,000 
acres  of  land.  Springfield,  Mo.,  via  Canadian  River,  Albuquerque,  the 
Aqua  Fria  and  Colorado  Rivers,  and  the  Pacific  Ocean,  are  the  land- 
grant  termini. 

The  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  show  that  to  June  30, 1893, 
there  had  been  patented  to  the  comj^any — 

Acres. 

By  the  United  States 380,629.21 

Tlirougli  the  State  of  Missouri 966,  776.  70 

Through  the  Territory  of  Arizona 373,  099. 38 

Through  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico 312,  386.  73 

Total 2,032,892.02 

The  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  also  show  that  by  the  act  of 
July  6,  1886, 10,795,480  acres  located  in  California  and  New  Mexico 
had  been  forfeited;  and  that  3,290,000  acres  of  railroad  indemnity 
lands  located  in  Arkansas,  Arizona,  California,  and  Kew  Mexico  had 
been  restored  to  the  jiublic  domain;  and  that  under  date  of  July  13, 
188C,  by  decision  of  the  Commissioner,  affirmed  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior,  1,500,000  acres  of  land  located  in  California  had  also 
been  restored. 

The  report  of  the  company  shows  that  the  total  number  of  acres 
received  by  United  States  patent  was  23,037.36,  of  which,  21,456.56 
have  been  sold.  The  total  cash  receipts  from  all  sales  of  land  to  June 
30,  1893,  amounted  to  $3,923,951.05,  and  there  remained  outstanding, 
on  account  of  time  sales,  the  sum  of  $267,618.82.  The  receipts  of  the 
land  department  during  the  year  amounted  to  $105,270.71,  and  the 
expeuses  to  $42,726.67. 

The  main  line  of  this  road  extends  from  Albuquerque,  N.  Mex.,  to 
Mojave,  Cal.,  and  from  Seneca,  Mo.,  to  Sapulpa,  Ind.  T.,  a  distance 
of  917.91  miles.  The  company  also  operates  under  trackage  rights  12.69 
miles.  The  length  of  branch  lines  is  12.64  miles;  total  length  of  road, 
946.84  miles.  The  length  of  sidings  on  the  main  line  is  85.30  miles. 
Total  length  of  track,  1,032.14  miles. 

The  additions  and  betterments  to  railway  during  the  year  amounted 
to  $108,349.10,  which  were  charged  to  improvement  account;  the 
additions  avd  betterments  to  rolling  stock,  charged  to  equipment 
account,  amounted  to  $193,819. 

The  equipment  consists  of  22  passenger,  21  freight,  and  2  switching 
locomotives,  all  of  which  are  equipped  with  Westinghouse  brakes. 
In  the  passenger  service  there  are  8  first-class,  6  baggage,  mail,  and 
Ab.  93 51 


802  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

express,  aud  2  officers'  ears;  total,  16,  all  equipped  with.  Westingliouse 
brakes  and  Miller  platforms.  In  the  freight  service  there  are  104  box, 
70  stock,  231  coal,  329  flat,  aud  40  caboose  cars;  total,  834,  88  of  which 
are  equipped  with  Westinghouse  brakes. 

In  the  road  and  miscellaneous  service  there  are  5  station,  2  derrick, 
2  snow-flanger,  and  94  water  and  oil-tank  cars. 

The  express  business  of  this  company  is  transacted  by  Wells,  Fargo 
&  Co.,  under  contract. 

The  Pullman  Palace  Car  Comx^any  runs  its  cars  over  the  railroad 
company's  lines  on  a  mileage  basis. 

The  carrying  of  through  passengers  and  freight  is  prorated  with  the 
Southern  Pacific,  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe,  the  California 
Southern,  and  the  St.  Louis  and  San  Francisco  Eailway  companies. 

The  following  statements  show  the  financial  contlition  of  the  com- 
pany on  June  30,  1893: 

A&SICTS. 

Cost  of  road,  fixtures  and  equipment $121,  348,  297.  GO 

Land  contracts,  land  casli,  etc 238,  567. 23 

Fuel,  material,  cmd  stores  on  hand L56, 192.  60 

Cash  on  hand 522,  744.  60 

Miscellaneous  investments 105,  OOO.  00 

Bills  receivahle 103,  449.  63 

Due  from  other  comjianies  on  account  of  traffic 521,  890.  00 

Due  from  the  United  States 37,903.20 

Total $123,034,044.26 

LIABILITIES. 

First-mortgage  bonds 18,  794,  000. 00 

Interest  on  same,  due  and  accrued 381,  310.  00 

Other  funded  deht 20, 119,  629. 00 

Interest  on  same,  accrued,  not  duo 219,  066. 50 

Accounts  payable 3,  068.  655. 10 

Bills  payable 12,  505^  529. 31 

Pay  rolls  and  vonchers 582,  740. 12 

Due  other  compauies  on  account  of  traffic 5,  246.  69 

Called  bonds 100,  000.  GO 

Total  debt 55,  776, 176.  72 

Capital  stock 79,  760,  300,  00 

Total  stock  and  debt 135,  536,  478.  72 

Deficit 12, 502,  432. 46 

Bcvennc  nnd  expenditures  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  ISDS. 

REV1£XGE. 

Earnings  . .  *. $3,  564,  045. 49 

Receipts  of  the  land  department 105, 276.  71 

Total $3,  669,  322. 20 

EXPENDITURES. 

Operating  expenses $3,  274,  238. 18 

Interest  on  first  mortgage  bonds 751,  760.  00 

Interest  on  other  funded  debt 330,  000.  00 

Interest  on  other  debt 1, 125,  375.  44 

NeAv  construction 108,  3 19. 10 

New  equipment 193,  819.  00 

Expenses  of  the  land  department 82,  000.  21 

Total. 5, 865,  601. 93 

Deficit 2, 196,  279.  73 


EEPOKT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


803 


Comiiarative  statement  of  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Bail- 
road  Company. 


Tear  ended— 

Difference. 

June  30, 1893. 

June  30, 1892. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

EAEXIXGS. 

$814, 741. 14 

2,397,943.45 

126,849.01 

152,  049.  98 

72,401.91 

$761,  624.  92 

2, 333,  856. 08 

125,  970.  01 

129, 878. 53 

10, 071. 18 

$53, 116. 22 

64,  087.  37 

879.  00 

22, 171. 45 

62,  390. 73 

^aif                                 

Xot'il                               

3,504,045.49 

3, 301, 400. 72 

202.644.77 

EXPENSES. 

Maintenance  of  vraj  and  structures 

673, 331.  90 

543, 795. 20 

1, 702, 457.  50 

354,  653.  37 

642,  791. 23 

457,  570.  79 

1, 531, 999. 60 

363,  389.  65 

30, 540.  73 
86,  224. 50 
170,457.96 

$8,  73C.  28 

Xotal                   

3, 274, 238. 18 

2,  995, 751.  27 

278, 486. 91 

289,807.31 

365,  649. 45 

75, 842. 14 

046. 84 

046. 84 

$3,  764. 14 
3, 458. 06 

$3,  .550. 12 
3, 163.  94 

$214. 02 
294.12 

306.  08 

3S6.  IS 

80.10 

91.87 

89.12 

2.75 

ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  AND  SANTA  FE  RAILROAD  COMPANY. 

This  company  was  chartered  February  11,  1859,  as  the  Atchison  and 
Topeka  Eailroad  Company  and  changed  its  name  to  the  present  title 
March  3,  18G3. 

The  original  line  of  road  extended  from  Atchison,  Kans.,  to  the  west 
line  of  Kansas,  a  distance  of  470.58  miles. 

By  the  act  of  Congress  approved  March  3,  1863,  the  company  re- 
ceived from  the  United  States,  through  the  State  of  Kansas,  a  grant 
of  3,000,000  acres  of  land.  The  records  of  the  General  Land  OfQce 
show  that  to  June  30,  1893,  there  had  been  jiatented  to  the  company 
2,934,522.80  acres.  By  the  same  act  a  grant  of  800,000  acres  was  made 
to  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  and  Galveston  Eailroad  Comxiany  (now 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe).  The  records  of  the  General  Land 
Office  show  that  09,104.95  acres  had  been  patented  to  the  cr)mpauy  to 
June  30,  1893. 

The  company's  report  shows  that  to  June  30,  1893,  there  had  been 
received  by  United  States  patent  2,034,059.08,  and  by  cancellation  of 
contracts  451,704.42  acres;  a  total  of  3,380,424.10  acres  of  land.  The 
report  also  shows  that,  to  the  same  period,  there  had  been  disposed  of  for 
cash  and  on  time  contracts  3,356,449.00,  and  reclaimed  by  the  United 
States  6,641.07;  a  total  of  3,363,090.13  acres.  The  total  cash  receipts 
from  all  sales  to  the  above  date  amounted  to  812,048,625.77,  and  there 
remained  outstanding  on^account  of  time  sales  the  sum  of  $55,894.04, 
principal  and  interest.  The  reeeii)ts  from  the  land  department  during 
the  year  were  827,683.87  anci  the  expenses  $12,983.67. 

The  main  line  of  road  extends  from  Chicago,  111.,  to  the  State  lines  ot 
Kew  Mexico  and  Texas,  a  distance  of  1,595.10  miles.  There  are  also 
2,987.02  miles  of  branch  lines  and  804,50  miles  of  sidings  and  double 


804  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

track;  a  total  of  5,446.02  miles  of  track,  of  whlcli  4,054.75  miles  are  laid 
with  steel  rails. 

The  additions  and  betterments  to  railway  during  the  year  amounted 
to  $1,327,425.17,  and  to  rolling  stock  $341,383.80.  During  the  year 
there  were  laid  10,373  tons  of  steel  rails,  at  a  cost  of  $321,579.73;  and 
1,090,275  ties  placed  in  the  track  at  a  cost  of  $386,170.97. 

At  the  end  of  the  year  the  equipment  consisted  of  348  passenger,  384 
freight,  and  82  switching  locomotives,  751  of  which  were  equix)ped  with 
automatic  brakes. 

In  the  passenger  service  there  were  2  parlor,  16  dining,  69  chair,  207 
first  class,  47  second  class,  9  observation,  18  mail,  62  baggage,  14 
express,  116  combination,  and  8  officers'  cars;  total,  508;  all  of  which 
were  equipped  with  Westinghouse  brakes,  and  662  with  Miller  plat- 
forms. 

In  the  freight  service  there  were  12,005  box,  3,347  stock,  8,185  coal, 
1,774  flat,  200  combination,  501  refrigerator,  008  fruit,  and  384  caboose 
cars ;  a  total  of  27,004  cars,  21,200  of  which  were  equij)ped  with  West- 
inghouse brakes. 

The  equipment  for  the  road  and  miscellaneous  service  consisted  of  70 
dump,  157  hand,  and  138  push  cars;  also  1  derrick  and  2  snowjilows. 

The  assessed  valuation  of  roadway,  bridges,  track,  buildings,  etc., 
for  taxation  was  $31,200,150,  an  average  of  $0,822.20  i)er  mile;  and  of 
rolling  stock  and  equipment  the  assessed  valuation  was  $6,425,322. 

The  exj)ress  business  on  the  comi)auy's  lines  is  transacted  by  Wells, 
Fargo  &  Co.  under  contract.  The  Pullman  Palace  Car  Company  runs 
its  cars  on  the  line  on  a  mileage  basis. 

Use  of  tracks  and  terminal  facilities  have  been  granted  to  the  follow- 
ing companies  under  lease: 

Kausas  City  Belt  Railway. 

Toledo,  Peoria  and  Western  Railway. 

Chicago  and  V^estern  Indiana  Railway. 

Chicago  and  Grand  Trunk  Railway. 

Fremont,  Elkhorn  and  Missouri  Valley  Railroad. 

All  telegraph  lines  and  appliances  along  the  company's  lines  are 
owned  jointly  with  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company,  which 
transacts  the  business  pertaining  thereto. 

Sundry  contracts  and  agreements  for  the  transportation  of  passen- 
gers and  freight,  the  ticketing  of  passengers,  the  interchange  of  traf- 
fic, and  for  mutual  harmony  and  x)rotection  have  been  entered  into 
as  follows  with — 

Th^Soutlieru  Pacific  Conijjany. 

The  St.  Louis  and  San  Francisco  Railway  Comjiany 

The  Colorado  Midland  Railway  Company. 

The  New  York  and  Texas  Steamshij)  Company. 

The  Transcontinental  Association. 

The  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Railroad  Company. 

The  Trans-Mississippi  Freight  and  Passenger  Association. 

The  Interstate  Commerce  Railway  Association. 

The  Illinois  State  Freight  Association. 

The  Western  Freight  Association. 

The  Western  States  Passenger  Association. 

The  following  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  com- 
pany on  June  30,  1893 : 

Liabilities.    ^ 

Road  fixtures  and  equipment $222,  641,  354. 35 

Property  in  auxiliary  roads  represented  by  bonds 
and  stocks  pledged  under  general  mortgage  in- 
denture         62,  291,  224. 17 

Real  estate  other  than  road 1,  853,  424.  05 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     805 

Improvements,  auxiliary  companies $3,  230,  605.  73 

Fuel,  material,  ami  stores  on  hand 979, 106.  57 

Cash  on  baud 3,894,445.45 

Company's  bonds  owned  by  company 2,  092,  000.  86 

Other  stocks  and  bonds 39,  521,  665.  62 

Miscellaneous  investments 11,  428,  238.  39 

Capital  stock  in  treasury  for  specific  purposes 176,  512.  50 

Sinking  fund  and  interest,  account  equipment  trust 

bonds 306,  250.  00 

Bills  receivable  and  demand  loans 3,  296,  898.  71 

Accounts  receivable 4,  954,  400.  09 

Due  from  other  companies  on  account  of  traffic 381,  090. 79 

Bonds  and  stocks  of  consolidated  companies  pledged 

under  general  mortgage 164,  490,  922. 18 

Securities  deliverable  under  plan  of  reorganization.  1,  872,  056.  91 

Due  from  United  States 194,  389.  44 

Bad  debts,  or  suspense  accounts 606,  615.  04 

Total $524,211,200.85 

ASSETS. 

General  mortgage  bonds 129,  734,  812. 00 

Interest  on  same,  due  and  accrued 2,  805,  853.  79 

Other  funded  debt 95,  698,  816.  00 

Interest  on  same,  due  and  unpaid 250,  448,  95 

Interest  on  same,  accrued,  not  due 649,  830.  00 

Dividends  unpaid 1,  006. 75 

Bills  payable 6,  809,  249. 71 

Accounts  payable 1,  272,  893.  30 

Pay  rolls  and  vouchers 2,  672,  662.  87 

Due  other  companies  on  account  of  trafi&c 346,  335.  21 

Called  bonds 1,593,3.30.00 

Accrued  obligations  not  yet  due 572,  649. 19 

Subscriptions,  account  of  circular  63,  bonds 1,  600. 00 

Trustee's  certificates  representing  bonds  delivera- 
ble under  plan  of  reorganization 54, 010.  79 

Adjustment  account,  St.  Louis  and  San  Francisco 

Railway  Co.,  first  preferred  stock 5,  000,  000.  00 

Stocks  and  bonds  of  consolidated  companies  in  trust  167,  077,  900.  00 

Total  debt 414,541,398.56 

Capital  stock 102,  000,  000.  00 

Total  stock  and  debt 516,  541,  398.  56 

Surplus 7,669,802.29 

Bcvenxte  and  expenditures  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1S03. 

KEVENUE. 

Earnings $27,  7S6,  561.  06 

Dividends  on  stocks  of  other  companies 274,  800.00 

Interest  on  bonds  of  other  companies 400,  630.  00 

Profits  on  miscellaneous  investments 37,  853. 40 

Receipts  of  the  laud  department 27,  723.37 

Net  revenue  from  separately  operated  roads  forming 

part  of  the  system 1,  413,  972.  68 

Total $29,941,540.51 

EXPENDITURES. 

Operating  expenses 18,  554,  952. 16 

Interest  on  general  mortgage  bonds 5, 121,  908.  00 

Interest  on  other  funded  debt 2,  649,  736.  38 

Interest  on  oiher  debt 70,819.23 

Contract  with  St.  Louis  and  San  Francisco  Rwy.  Co.  342^  164. 28 

Losses  on  miscellaneous  investments 43,  972. 58 

Expenses  of  the  laud  department 12,  983.  67 

Total 26,796,536.30 

Surplus 3,145,004.21 


806 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Comparative  statement  of  the  earnings  and  ex2}ense8  of  the  Atchison,  Topelca  and  Santa  Fe 

Itailroad  Comjmmj. 


Tear  ended — 

Difference. 

June  30, 1893. 

June  30, 1892. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

EARNINGS. 

$5,  865,  297.  57 

20,  010, 818.  89 

670,  865. 18 

743,  976. 15 

495,  603.  27 

$4,991,652.07 

19, 114,  977. 86 

671, 569.  85 

580, 121.  62 

435, 282. 90 

$873. 645.  50 
895,  841.  03 

nrreifflit 

Mail". 

$704.  67 

i63,  854. 53 
60,  320.  31 

Total 

27, 786,  561.  06 

25, 793, 604. 36 

1,992,956.70 

EXPENSES. 

3,396,924.63 
3,  042,  259.  52 
8,  954,  461.  03 
3, 101,  306.  98 

3,  224,  666.  68 
2,  879,  208.  65 
8, 109,  593. 35 
3, 026, 474. 53 

172, 257. 95 
163, 050. 87 
844,  867. 68 
134,  832. 45 

Total    

18, 534, 952. 16 

17,  239, 943. 21 

1, 315,  008.  95 

9, 231,  608.  90 

8, 553, 661. 15 

677, 947. 75 

4, 582. 12 

4,  582. 12 

G,  064. 12 
4, 049. 42 

5,629.18 
3, 762. 43 

434. 94 
286. 99 

2,  014. 70 

1,  866. 75 

147. 95 

60.77 

66.79 

.02 

■ 

CENTRAL  PACIFIC  RAILROAD   COMPANY. 


(southern  pacific  company.) 

This  comi)aiiy  includes  tTie  Western  Pacific  Eailway  Company,  with 
■wliicli  it  was  consolidated  November  2, 1869 ;  tlie  California  and  Oreg:on, 
tlie  San  Francisco,  Oakland  and  Alameda,  and  tlie  San  Joaquin  Valley 
Eailroad  companies,  the  consolidation  with  the  latter  three  dating- from 
August  22,  1870. 

The  Central  and  Western  Pacific  Railroad  comx)anies  of  California 
were  chartered  by  Congress  July  1,  18C2.  The  subsidy  in  Government 
bonds  was  at  the  rate  of  $16,000,  832,000,  and  $48.,Obo  per  mile,  the 
first-named  sum  being  the  estimated  cost  of  construction  to  the  moun- 
tains, the  second  between  the  mountains,  and  the  third  over  the 
mountains. 

The  subsidy  bonds  issued  by  the  United  States  to  aid  in  the  con- 
struction of  these  two  roads  amounted  to  $27,885,680,  and  the  interest 
thereon  to  June  30,  1893,  to  $41,834,212.21.  There  had  been  repaid  by 
the  company,  in  transportation  services,  cash,  and  interest  on  sinking- 
fund  investments,  the  sum  of  $13,664,063.21,  making  a  net  liability  to 
the  Government  on  that  date  of  $56,025,829.  The  excess  of  interest 
paid  by  the  United  States  over  all  credits  amounted  to  $28,170,149. 
The  amount  found  due  tlie  United  States  by  the  company  under  the 
acts  of  1862,  1804,  and  1878  for  the  year  ended  December  31, 1892,  was 
$577,048.33,  a  reduction  of  $36,467.94  as  compared  with  the  j)revious 
year. 

The  main  line  of  this  road  extends  from  Oakland  Wharf,  California, 
to  Ogden,  Utah,  with  branches  from  Roseville  Junction  to  the  Oregon 
State  line,  Lathroi^  to  Goshen,  and  from  Niles  northward  to  Oakland 
and  southward  to  San  Jose,  Cal.    The  aided  i)ortion  of  the  line  extends 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  QF  THE  INTERIOR.     807 

from  Ogcleii  to  Sacramento,  tlience,  via  Xiles,  to  San  Jose,  a  distanc<3 
of  860.G6  miles,  and  is  subject  to  the  requirements  of  law  with  respect 
to  the  payment  of  a  percentage  of  its  net  earnings  to  the  United  States 
(See  history  of  Union  Pacific  Eaihyay.)  The  total  length  of  road, 
including  branches,  is  1,359.65  miles,  and  the  total  length  of  track, 
including  sidings,  1,085.43  miles. 

The  company's  lines  are  leased  to  the  Southern  Pacific  Company  for 
ninety-nine  years  from  April  1,  1885;  lease  modified  January  1,  1888. 
The  lessee  receives  the  earnings  from  the  property  operated,  and  pays 
therefrom  all  expenses  of  the  lessor,  including  land  department  expen- 
ses, cost  of  betterments,  interest  on  bonded  and  floating  debt,  except- 
ing its  debt  to  the  United  States,  sinking-fund  requirements  and  require- 
ments under  the  Pacific  Railway  acts  of  1802  and  1804,  and  under  the 
Thurman  act  of  1878.  The  net  profit  remaining  is  payable  to  the  lessor 
up  to  a  maximum  sum  of  $4,080,000,  and  the  lessee  guarantees  a  mini- 
mum annual  i^ayment  of  such  net  profit  of  $1,360,000. 

By  the  acts  approved  July  1,  1802;  July  2,  1804,  and  July  25,  1866, 
the  companies  Y\'hich  form  the  Central  Pacific  Eaiboad  Comi)auy 
received  from  the  United  States  grants  of  land  in  aid  of  construction 
as  follows : 

Acres. 

Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company 8,  000,  000 

Western  Pacilic  Railroad  Company 1,  000,  000 

Oregon  Branch  Central  Pacilic  Railroad  (California  and  Oregon) 3, 500,  000 

Total 12,500,000 

Ogden,  Utah,  and  Sacramento,  Cal.;  Brighton,  Cal.,  and  Niles,  Cal.; 
Niles,  Cal.,  and  San  Jose,  Cal,;  junction  with  Central  Pacific  Eailroad 
and  the  southern  boundary  of  Oregon,  are  the  laud-grant  termini. 

The  records  of  the  General  Land  Oflice  show  that  to  June  30,  1893, 
there  had  been  x)atented  by  the  United  States  to  the — 

Acres. 

CentrarPacific  Railroad  Company,  direct 1,  010,  210. 59 

Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  tlirongh  the  State  of  California  ...       471,  616. 22 

Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  through  the  Territory  of  Utah 75,  382. 16 

Western  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  direct 449,  934. 72 

Western  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  State  of  California 467,  362.  28 

Oregon  Branch  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  direct 1,  3G2,  433.  61 

Oregon  Branch  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  State  of  California 187,  275. 55 

Total 4,054,215.13 

The  report  of  the  company  shows  tlmt  to  June  30,  1893,  there  had 
been  acquired  by  United  States  patent  to  the — 

Acres. 

Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company 1, 115,  092.  75 

California  and  Oregon  Railroad  Company 1,  519,  919.  30 

Total 2,665,042.05 

That  there  had  been  disposed  of — 

Acres. 

For  cash 718,735.18 

On  time  contracts  and  agreements 1,  999,  088.  41 

Total 2,  717,  823. 59 

Less  acreage  ".nrrendered 58,  858. 82 

Net 2,  G58,  961.  77 


808  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

The  report  of  tlie  company  also  shows  that  the  total  cash  receipts 
from  all  sales  of  land  to  date  amount  to  $9,572,280.20.  The  receipts 
during  the  year  were  $108,012.60  and  the  expenses  855,087.99.  There 
remained  outstanding  on  account  of  time  sales — 

Principal $1, 049,  992.  88 

Interest 5,  263. 10 

Total 1,055,255.98 

The  properties  of  the  comiiany  from  Ogden,  Utah,  to  San  Jose,  Cal., 
including  roadbed,  track,  bridges,  buildings,  shops,  etc.,  were  inspected 
by  the  engineer  of  this  Bureau  in  May  last.  His  report  thereon  is 
contained  in  Appendix  A. 

At  the  end  of  the  year  the  equipment  consisted  of  288  passenger 
and  22  switching  locomotives,  all  equii)ped  with  Westinghouse  brakes. 
In  the  passenger  service  there  were  3  dining,  30  sleeping,  43  second- 
class  sleeping,  160  first-class,  25  second-class,  15  baggage,  mail,  and 
express,  13  mail,  27  baggage,  7  exi)ress,  17  combination  and  7  oflti- 
cers'cars;  total,  317;  all  equipped  with  AVestinghouse  brakes  and 
Miller  platforms.  In  the  freight  service,  there  were  2,002  box,  45  furni- 
ture, 240  coal,  1,743  flat,  1,001  combination,  18  refrigerator,  443  fruit 
and  110  caboose  cars;  total,  6,208.  In  the  road  and  miscellaneous 
service,  there  were  8  derricks,  33  station,  79  dump,  and  19  water  cars, 
4  snowplow  tenders,  28  snowjplows,  and  9  wrecking-car  tenders. 

The  additions  and  betterments  to  railway  daring  the  year,  consisting 
of  passenger  and  freight  buildings,  warehouses,  hotels,  furniture,  etc., 
amounted  to  $20,441.42,  all  of  which  was  charged  to  income  and  x)aid  by 
the  lessee  company.  The  additions  and  betterments  to  rolling  stock 
during  the  same  period,  amounting  to  $1,480,303.84,  and  consisting  of 
72  locomotives,  1  first-class  passenger,  21  furniture,  1,126  box,  185  flat 
and  326  fruit  cars,  1  steam  shovel,  and  1  snowplow  tender,  were 
charged  to  equipment  and  paid  in  like  manner  as  the  additions  and 
betterments  to  railway.  There  were  also  added  during  the  year  11,458 
tons  of  steel  rails,  at  a  cost  of  $572,900,  and  510,038  new  pine  and  cedar 
cross-ties  were  placed  in  the  track,  at  a  cost  of  $251,(^46.57,  the  average 
number  per  mile  being  2,728. 

There  were  921.70  miles  of  single-line  fencing,  and  32.76  miles  of  snow 
sheds. 

The  following  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  com- 
pany on  June  30,  1893,  and  the  amount  found  due  the  United  States 
for  the  year  ending  December  31,  1892,  under  the  acts  of  1802,  1864, 
and  1878.  Other  statistics  pertaining  to  the  company  will  be  found  in 
the  tables  and  appendixes  attached  to  this  report. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR. 


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810  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Ecvcnue  and  expcmlliurcs  of  the  Central  Facifie  liailroad  Compaiuj  for  the  year  ending 

June  SO,  1S,9S. 

KEVENUE. 

Earninsis  (giiarauteed  rental,  1892) $1,  3G0,  000. 00 

Laaid  department,  sales,  etc.,  1892 121, 148. 01 

Intci'cst  on  notes  held  by  trustees  land  mortgage,  1892 . .  80, 166. 67 
Sinking  fund  requirements  j)aid  by  Southern  Pacific 

Company,  1892 185,  000. 00 

Interest  on  sinking  funds  of  company 361,  076. 29 

United  States  requirement  for  1892 ;  paid  by  Southern 

Pacific  Company .•. 577,048.33 

Miscellaneous ;  dividends  on  stock  owned,  etc 22, 872. 45 

Total $2,707,311.75 

EXPENDITURES. 

Operating  expenses (*) 

Interest  on  first-mortgage  bonds - .  (*) 

Interest  on  other  funded  debt (*) 

Interest  on  other  debt (*) 

NcAv  construction (*) 

New  equipment (*) 

Expenses  of  the  land  department (*) 

Sinking  fund  requirements  of  the  company 546,  076. 29 

United  States  sinking  fund  requirement 577,  048.  33 

Land  receipts  and  interest  applicable  to  redemption  of 

land  bonds 201.314.68 

Expenses  of  operations  prior  to  lease 4,  040.  00 

Dividends  Nos.  27  and  28,  August  1,  1892,  and  February 

1,  1893 1,345,510.00 

Proportion  of  readjustment  account  locomotive  renew- 
als, 1885  to  1892 57,287.30 

Total 2,731,276.60 

Deficit 23,964.85 

Comjyarative  statement  of  the  financial  condition  of  the  Central  I'acific  liailroad  Company 

June  SO,  1S93  and  1892. 


LIABILITIES. 


First  morttrase  bonds 

Uuiteil  States  subsidy  bonds 

Inl<.rest  on  same  paid  by  United 
.States 


Otlior  funrteddebt 

Dividends  unpaid 

Accounts    payable — paj"-rolls    and 

voucbers 

Trustees  land-grant  niortj;ago 

Sinking  funds  uninvested 

Bills  pay.ablo 


Total  debt- 
Capital  stock  — 


June  30, 1893. 


?27,  853,  000. 00 
27,  805,  C80.  00 

41,834,212.21 

31, 155  000. 00 

0(3,  i75. 00 

2:)G.  13G.  22 

4U5,  904.  C4 

1,320,101.43 

1,  500,  000.  00 


132,  300, 509.  50 
68,  OUO,  000.  00 


June  30, 1892. 


$27, 853,  000.  00 
27,  855,  680.  00 

40, 162,  871. 41 

31,  832,  000.  00 

C5.021.00 

257, 141. 00 

401,551.02 

790,  747.  37 

2, 000,  000.  00 


131,218,011.80 
68,  000,  000. 00 


Difference. 


Increase.        Decrease, 


$1,  671,  340. 80 


1,454.00 


64, 353.  62 
529, 354. 06 


1,  083, 497. 70 


$677, 000. 00 


1,004.78 


Total  stock  and  debt \      200, 306,  509.  50         199,  218,  Oil.  80  !  1,  088, 497.  70 


Payable  by  lessee  and  charged  in  income  account. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


811 


Comparative  statement  of  ill e  financial  condition  of  the  Central  Pacific  Eaih-oad  Company 
June  SO,  1S93  and  i<?5^— Coutiuued. 


June  30,  1893. 


Difl'ereuce. 


Jnne  30,  1892. 


Increase.        Decrease. 


ASSETS. 

Co.st  of  ro.id,  fixtures,  p.nd  equipiueut. 

Land  contracts,  etc 

Cash  on  hand 

Company  stock  owned  by  company.. 
Other  stocks  and  bonds  owned  fcy 

company 

Miscoilaneons  investments 

Sinking  funds  in  hands  of  trustees  . . 

Bills  and  accounts  receivable 

United    States    transportation    and 

sinking  fund  accounts 

Duo  from  the  United  States  in  cash  . 

Total  assets 

Surplus 


$170, 
1, 


799,  030. 
049,  092. 
975,  829. 
724,  500. 

786,  329. 

19,945. 

131,  9G5. 

971,  635. 

086,  783. 
068, 161. 


$109,  318,  726. 83  !$1, 480,  303.  84 
1,122,202.47 
295, 835. 80 
724, 500. 00 


832, 529. 22 

19,  8'59.32 

10,026,459.19 

4, 015,  616. 70 

12,  509, 734. 94 
1,  068, 161.  67 


200,  614, 173. 16         199,  933, 636. 14 


307, 663.  66 


715, 624.  34 


679, 993. 33 


76.  50 
105, 506. 23 


577,  048.  33 


$72,  209. 59 


46, 200. 00 


2,  043, 981. 62 


680, 537. 02 


407, 960. 68 


Note. — Under  "liabilities"  in  above  statement  is  included  the  item  of  interest  on  United  States 
subsidy  bonds  paid  by  the  United  States  to  Juno  30,  1893,  $41,834,212.21.  This  represents  the  amount 
of  interest  accrued  to  date  on  the  subsidy  bonds  and  payable  by  the  Government  to  the  bondholders, 
but  it  is  not  duo  from  the  company  until  the  maturity  ijf  the  bonds,  except  so  far  as  paid  under  the 
terms  of  the  Thurman  act,  and  so  is  not  entered  currently  on  the  books  of  the  company. 

In  addition  to  the  "assets  "  shown  above,  the  companyowns  the  lands  gi-anted  by  the  United  States 
to  aid  in  the  construction  of  the  road,  and  which  now  remain  unsold.  The  value  of  these  lands  cannot 
now  be  closely  determined  or  satisfactorily  estimated. 

The  company  claims  a  credit  in  its  general  balance  sheet,  of 
$14,154,944.94,  for  transportation  services  rendered  and  cash  payments 
to  the  United  States ;  but  the  following  statement,  compiled  from  reports 
furnished  this  ofiQceby  the  Treasury  Department,  of  settled  accounts, 
cash  payments,  and  interest  on  sinking-fund  investments,  to  June  30, 
1893,  shows  a  difference  on  that  date  of  $490,881.73,  as  follows: 

Credits  claimed  by  the  company $14, 154,  944. 94 

Bond  aiid interest  account: 

Transportation $0,  822,  474.  51 

Cash 658,283.26 

$7,  480,  757.  77 

Sinking-fund  account: 

Transportation 3,  882, -156.  24 

Interest 1,  667, 156.  72 

Cash 633,992.48 

6,183,305.44 

13,  064,  063.  21 

Difference 490,  881. 73 

Statement  of  the  United  States  requirement  under  the  act  of  May  7,  1S7S,  for  the  year  end- 
ing JDeccmher  31,  1S9S. 

EAUXIXGS. 

United  States: 

Passenger $14,  232.  27 

Freight 45,  918.  43 

Mail 439,  452.  86 

Total $199,  603.  56 

Commercial: 

Passenger 2,  441,  304.  27 

Freight 5,  998,  941. 50 

Express 100,  407.  45 

Miscellaneous 83,  745. 46 

Total 8,  624,  398.  68 

Gross  earjiings* 9, 124,  002.  24 


812 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


EXPENSES. 

Maiuteuance  of  way  and  structures 1, 226, 021. 37 

^lainteuance  of  equipment 900,  359.  45 

Condneting  transportation 2,  892,  402. 86 

General  expenses  and  taxes 885, 143. 22 

Total  operating  expenses 5,  903,  926.  90 

Interest  paid  on  first-mortgage  bonds 1,  671, 180.  GO 

Total  expenses  under  the  act  of  May  7,  1878 7,  575, 106. 90 

Net  earnings 1,548,895.34 

(Twenty-five  per  cent  of  net  earnings,  $387,223.84.) 

DUE   THE   UNITED   STATES. 

One-half  Government  transportation,  as  above 249,  801.  78 

Five  per  cent  of  net  earnings 77,  444. 77 

To  credit  of  bond  and  interest  account 327,  246.  55 

One-lialf  Government  transportation,  as   above,  to   credit   of  sinking- 
fund  account  249,801.78 

Total  requirement  for  the  year 577,  048.  33 

Comparative  statement  of  the  earnings  and   expenses  of  the   Central   Pacific  Railroad 

Company. 


Year  ended — 

Difference. 

June  30, 1893. 

June  30, 1892. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

E.UJNLNGS. 

$4,921,838.01 

8,  554,  724. 85 

553,  814. 56 

188,  637.  51 

351,  590. 21 

$5,  212  902.  72 

9,  505,  532.  24 

551, 069. 38 

193, 994.  51 

290,  863. 98 

$291, 154. 71 
950, 807. 39 

Mail              .             

$2, 745. 18 

5,  357. 00 

60, 726.  23 

Total 

14, 570,  605. 14 

15, 754,  452. 83 

1, 183, 847.  69 

EXrEXSES. 

Maintenance  of  wnv  and  structure 

2, 228,  750.  50 
1,  395,  333. 11 
4,  737,  827.  07 
1, 522,  403.  20 

2,  022,  647. 92 
1,  448,  043.  SO 
4,  915,  999.  95 
1,  515, 980. 24 

206, 102. 58 

52  710  69 

178,172  28 

6, 482. 96 

Total 

9, 884,  374. 48 

9,  P02,  671.  91 

18,  297. 43 

4,  686,  230.  66 

5, 851,  780. 92 

1  165  550  26 

1, 359.  65 

1,  360.  28 

.63 

Earnings  per  mile 

10.  716.  43 
7,  269.  79 

11,581.76 
7, 279.  87 

865  33 

Expeusea  per  mile 

10.08 

Ket  earnings  per  mile 

3, 446.  64 

4,301.89 

855  25 

Percentage  of  expenses  to  earnings 

67.83 

62.92 

4.91 

REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR.  813 

CENTRAL  BRANCH  UNION  PACIFIC   RAILROAD   C03IPANY. 
(MISSOURI  PACIFIC   RAILWAY   COMPANY.) 

This  company  was  organized  February  11, 1859,  as  tlie  Atehison  and 
Pike's  Peak  Eailroad  Company,  and  changed  its  name  January  1, 1867. 
It  was  inchided  in  the  acts  of  1862  and  1861,  incorporating  the  Union 
Pacific  Eailroad  Company,  being  provided  for  as  one  of  the  branches. 

The  road  extends  from  Atchison  to  Waterville,  Kans.,  a  distance  of 
100  miles.  The  Atchison,  Colorado  and  Pacific  Railroad,  254.79  miles, 
and  the  Atchison,  Jewell  County  and  Western  Eailroad,  33.40  miles, 
are  also  leased  by  this  company,  making  a  total  of  388.19  miles  owned 
and  leased.  The  capital  stock  of  the  company  is  $1,000,000,  of  which 
$858,000  is  owned  by  the  Union  Pacific  Eailway  Company.  The  road 
is  operated  by  the  Missouri  Pacific  Eailway  Company  under  a  twenty- 
five-year  lease  from  September  30,  1885,  the  net  earnings  going  to  the 
Union  Pacific  as  rental. 

Subsidy  bonds  were  issued  by  the  United  States  to  aid  in  the  con- 
struction of  this  road  between  Atchison  and  Waterville,  Kans.,  to  the 
amount  of  $1,600,000.  The  interest  paid  thereon  to  June  30,  1895, 
amounted  to  $2,509,808.26.  There  had  been  repaid  by  the  company,  in 
transportation  services  and  cash,  the  sum  of  $568,191.56,  leaving  a  lia- 
bility to  the  Government  on  that  date  of  $3,541,616.70.  The  excess  of 
interest  paid  by  the  United  States  over  all  credits  amounted  to 
$1,941,616.70. 

By  the  acts  of  Congress  approved  July  1, 1862,  and  July  2,  1864,  the 
company  received  from  the  United  States  781,944.83  acres  of  land.  The 
records  of  the  General  Land  Office  show  that  to  June  30,  1893,  there 
had  been  patented  to  the  comi^auy  218,250.08  acres. 

The  company  makes  no  report  of  the  operations  of  its  land  depart- 
ment. 

The  properties  of  the  company,  including  roadbed,  track,  bridges, 
buildings,  shops,  etc.,  were  inspected  by  the  engineer  of  this  bureau  in 
June  last.     His  report  thereon  is  contained  in  Appendix  A. 

The  additions  and  betterments  to  railway  and  rolling  stock  are 
effected  through  expense  accounts,  no  improvement  account  being 
kept. 

During  the  year,  159  tons  of  new  steel  rails  were  laid  at  a  cost  of 
$5,783.50,  and  44,798  oak  cross-ties  placed  in  the  track  at  a  cost  of 
$18,641.34. 

The  equipment  consists  of  17  passenger,  11  freight,  and  6  switching 
locomotives,  19  of  which  are  equipped  with  Westinghouse,  and  4  with 
American  brakes. 

In  the  passenger  service,  there  are  9  first-class,  1  second  class,  4  bag- 
gage, mail,  and  express,  9  combination,  and  1  ol^cers'  cars;  a  total  of 
24. 

In  the  freight  service,  there  are  307  box,  82  stock,  45  coal,  44  flat,  and 
19  caboose  cars;  a  total  of  497. 

In  road-repair  and  miscellaneous  service,  there  are  3  dump,  1  board- 
ing, 4  wrecking,  80  hand,  and  77  push  cars. 

The  express  business  over  the  company's  lines  is  transacted  by  the 
Pacific  Exi^ress  Company,  under  a  contract  dated  May  1,  1886,  by 
which  the  railroad  company  receives  a  percentage  of  the  gross  earnings. 

The  telegraph  business  is  transacted  by  the  Western  Union  Com- 
pany. 


814  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

The  following  statements  sliow  the  financial  condition  of  the  com- 
pany on  June  30, 1893 ;  the  amount  found  due  the  United  States  for  the 
year  ended  December  31,  1892,  under  the  acts  of  1862  and  1864  j  and 
the  earnings  and  expenses  for  the  fiscal  year: 

LIABILITIES. 

First  mortgage  bonds $2,230,000.00 

Interest  ou  same,  due  and  accrued 2,  960. 00 

Interest  on  same,  accrued,  not  due 23,  350. 00 

United  States  subsidy  bonds 1,600,000,00 

Interest  on  same,  paid  by  United  States 2,  509,  808. 26 

Accounts  payable 1,  207, 676. 10 

Total $7,573,794.36 

Capital  stock 1,000,000.00 

'Total  stock  and  debt 8,573,794.36 

ASSETS. 

Eoad,  fixtures  and  equipment $4,  001,  299.  76 

Land  contracts,  land  cash,  etc 4,  495.  23 

Stocks  and  bonds  owned  by  company 9,  000.  00 

Accounts  receivable 8,  696.  09 

Eepayments  to  United  States  in  transportation  services 
andcasli 579,989.50 

Total  assets $4,603,480.58 

Deficit 3,970,313.78 


Eevenue  and  expenditures  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  ISDS. 

REVENUE. 

Earnings $570,801.52 

Interest  and  income  from  miscellaneous  investments 7,  382.  04 

Receipts  of  the  land  department 540. 12 

Total $578,723.68 

EXPENDITURES. 

Operating  expenses $347,  356. 86 

Taxes '. .       24,142.25 

$371,  499. 11 

Interest  on  first-mortgage  bonds 140, 100. 00 

Losses  on  leased  lines 185,  618. 18 

Expenses  of  tbe  land  department 176.  75 

United  States  requirements 17,  906. 20 

Profit  and  loss 559.  83 

Total 715,860.07 

Deficit , 137,136.39 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 


815 


Statement  of  amount  clue  the  United  States  hy  the  Central  Branch  Union  Pacijic  Railroad 
Company,  under  the  acts  of  1S62  and  1S64,  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  ISD'a. 

EARNINGS. 
United  States: 

Passenger $19.48 

Frei-lit 5.24 

Mail 15,802.28 

$15,  887.  00 

Couunercial : 

Passenger 73,  348.  95 

Freight 507,069.87 

Express 4,829.93 

Miscellaneous ^    8,  373.  05 

: 593,  621.  80 

Total  earnings 609,508.80 

EXl'EXSES. 

Maintenance  of  "way  and  structures $75,  .344.  29 

Maintenance  of  equipment 35,  907.  86 

Conducting  trau.sportation 197, 126.  78 

General  expenses 33,  644. 79 

Taxes 23,  7.52.  75 

Total  operating  expenses $365,776.47 

Net  earnings 243,  732.  33 

Five  per  cent  of  net  earnings 12, 18G.  62 

DUE  THE   UNITED   STATES. 

One-balf  Government  transportation,  as  above 7,  943. 50 

Five  per  cent  of  net  earnings 12, 186.  62 

Total 20,130.12 


Comparative  statement  of  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the  Central  Branch    Union  BacifiG 

Bailroad  Company. 


Tear  ended. 

DifPc 

rcnce. 

June  30, 1893. 

June  30, 1892. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

EARNINGS. 

$74,734.64 

466, 150.  92 

1.5,  862.  28 

5,  263.  73 

8,  783.  95 

$70. 160. 49 

468, 668. 44 

15,  8G2.  2S 

4,  457.  68 

7,757.28 

$4,574.15 

Freight 

$2, 511.  52 

Mail 

806.  05 
1, 026.  67 

Total 

570,  801.  52 

566, 906. 17 

3,  895. 35 

EXrENSES. 

Maintenance  of  ■prav  and  structures 

77,  905. 05 

40.301.38 

19.5.  367. 92 

33,782.51 

73, 486. 68 

26,912.31 

176, 03  8.  26 

29,  0S7. 07 

4,418.37 
13,  389. 07 
19, 349.  06 

4, 094. 84 

General  expeusca 

Total 

347, 350.  86 

300,104.92 

41,251.»4 

223, 444.  66 

260,  801.  25 

37,  356. 59 

100.  00 

100. 00 

Earnings  per  mile 

5,  708.  OL- 
3,473.57 

5.000.06 
3,  001.  05 

.J8.9C 
412.  52 

Ifet  earnings  per  mile 

2, 234. 45 

2,  008.  01 

373. 56 

Percentage  of  expenses  to  earnings 

60.85 

53.99 

6.86 

816  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

CHICAGrO,  BURLINGTON  AND  QUINCY  RAILROAD  COMPANY. 

This  company  Las  failed  to  submit,  on  tlie  form  prescribed  by  this 
Bureau,  a  report  of  its  operations  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  a 
copy  of  its  general  balance  slieet  and  a  statement  of  earnings  and 
expenses,  only,  having  been  furnished. 

The  first  work  of  construction  on  the  line  of  the  present  system  was 
a  branch  from  Turner  Junction,  on  the  Galena  and  Chicago  Union 
Railroad  (now  the  Chicago  and  North-Western  Railway),  a  ijoint  30 
miles  west  of  Chicago,  south  to  Aurora,  a  distance  of  13  miles.  This 
work  was  begun  by  the  Aurora  Branch  Railway  Company  in  1849  and 
completed  in  1852.  The  name  of  the  company  was  changed  in  1855. 
By  the  act  of  Congress  approved  May  15,  1850,  there  were  granted  by 
the  United  States  to  the  State  of  Iowa,  to  aid  in  the  construction  of 
this  road  between  Burlington  and  the  Missouri  River,  948,043.06  acres 
of  land,  and  by  the  act  of  July  2, 1804,  to  the  Burlington  and  Missouri 
River  Railroad  in  Nebraska,  assignee  of  the  Burlington  and  Missouri 
River  Railroad  Company  of  Iowa,  now  forming  part  of  what  is  known 
as  the  "Q"  system,  2,441,000  acres— a  total  of  3,390,243.00  acres. 

Burlington,  Iowa,  and  Missouri  River,  Iowa,  at  East  Plattsmouth, 
via  Pacific  Junction ;  Plattsmouth,  Nebr.,  and  Kearney  Junction,  Nebr., 
are  the  land  grant  termini. 

The  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  show  that  to  June  30, 1893, 
there  had  been  x)atented  to  the  Burlington  and  Missouri  River  Railroad 
Comi^any,  through  the  State  of  Iowa,  389,014.08  acres,  and  by  the  State 
of  Nebraska,  2,373,290.77  acres— a  total  of  2,702,304.85  acres. 

The  following  information  with  respect  to  the  affairs  of  this  comiiany 
for  the  year  ended  December  31, 1892,  has  been  compiled  from  the  report 
for  that  year  of  the  directors  to  the  stockholders : 

In  the  "  Iowa  Laud  Grant  Sinking  Fund  "  there  had  been  invested  the 

snmof $9,127,942.40 

Cash  uninvested , 37,521.24 

Total 9,165,463.64 

The  cash  receipts  from  sales  of  land  in  Nebraska  during  the  year 
amounted  to  $212,131.22  and  the  amount  exi)ended  for  taxes,  salaries, 
and  commissions  to  $23,559.60,  leaving  a  surplus  of  $188,571.50.  The 
assets  of  the  land  department,  which  included  04,100  acres  of  land 
unsold,  at  an  estimated  value  of  $4  jier  acre,  amount  to  $781,931.07. 

The  actual  length  of  road  in  operation  on  December  31,  1892,  was 
5,556  miles  against  5,324  miles  on  the  corresponding  date  of  the  pre-, 
vious  year — an  increase  of  232  miles. 

The  properties  controlled  by  the  company  whose  operations  and 
mileage  are  not  embraced  in  the  report  in  question  consist  of  1,010 
miles  of  standard-gauge  and  109  miles  of  narrow-gauge  railroad 
owned  and  87  miles  of  standard  gauge  leased  and  operated  jointly 
with  other  companies. 

An  increase  is  shown  of  $701.15  in  the  amount  of  gross  earnings  per 
mile  over  1891,  and  an  increase  of  1.03  per  cent  in  operating  expenses.. 
This  is  explained  by  the  statement  that  the  increased  earnings  came 
almost  wholly  from  the  carriage  of  low-class  freight,  such  as  grain, 
lumber,  coal,  and  the  like,  which  are  transi)orted  at  a  very  small  margin 
of  profit. 

The  expenditures  during  the  year  for  construction  amounted  to 
$530,372.82  and  for  equipment  to  $2,900,655.16— a  total  expenditure  on 
this  account  to  December  31,  1892,  of  $117,240,330.98. 

The  total  amount  debited  to  income  account  is  $40,557,488.72,  and  the 
total  amount  credited  $33,482,430.38,  leaving  balance  of  $13,075,058.34. 


i 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


817 


The  equipment  at  the  end  of  the  year  was  as  follows :  8G2  locomotives; 
503  passenger  and  co;iibination,  100  baggage,  mail,  and  express,  9  dining, 
11  officers'  and  pay,  396  way,  15  boarding,  9  wrecking,  23,750  box  and 
cattle,  6,904  platform  and  coal,  1,465  hand,  and  1,098  rubble  and  iron 
cars,  and  5  pile-drivers. 

The  following  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  company 
on  June  30,  1893,  including  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the  Burling- 
ton and  Missouri  Eiver  Eailroad  in  ^Nebraska,  for  the  year  ended  on 
that  date : 

ASSETS. 

Cost  of  road,  fixtures,  and  eqiiipment $199,  763,  668. 30 

Stocks  owned  by  company 10,  016,  763. 26 

Bonds  owned  by  company •»    8,  600,  990. 00 

Other  permanent  investments 1,  979,  469.  37 

Lands  owned 695,305.88 

Sinking  funds,  company 15,  254,  479. 11 

Materials  and  supplies  on  hand 1,  764,  211. 23 

Cash  on  hand  and  current  assets 6, 165,  782.  73 

Total $244,240,669.88 

LIABILITIES. 

Funded  debt 123,606,230.84 

Interest  on  same,  accrued,  not  due 142,  824.  50 

Current  liabilities 4,  850,  287.  08 

Bond  subscriptions 4,  265,  700.  00 

Renewal  fund 9,  000,  000.  00 

Current  accounts,  balance 805,  969.  65 

Income  account 11, 208, 873. 44 

Total 153,879,885.51 

Capital  stock 76,408,900.00 

Total  stock  and  debt 230,  288,  785.  51 

Surplus 13,951,884.37 

Comparative  statement  of  the  earninf/s  and  expenses  of  ilie  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy 

liailvoad  Company. 


Year  ended — 


June  30,  1893.     June  30, 1892 


Difference. 


Increase. 


Decrease. 


EARNINGS. 

Passenger 

Freight 

Mail 

Express 

Miscellaneous 

Total 

EXPENSES. 

Maintenance  of  ■n-ay  and  structures 

Maintenance  of  equipment 

Conducting  transportation 

General  expenses 

Total 

Net  earnings. 

Average  miles  operated 

Earnings  per  mile 

Expenses  per  mile 

Net  earnings  per  mile 

Percentage  of  expenses  to  earnings. 

Ab.  93 52 


$7,  797,  782.  51 

22,  8S;',  125.  55 

1,  225,  337.  35 

726,  317. 57 

962,  302.  99 


$6,  872,  624.  01 

21,  453,  844.  52 

1,  300,  602.  70 

691,  327.  89 

905,  450.  95 


$92.5,158.50 
1,428  281.03 


34,  9.89.  68 
56,  852. 04 


75,  265.  35 


33,  593,  865.  97 


31,  223, 850. 07 


2,370,015.! 


4,  721,  021, 17 

3,758  356.23 

11,428,432.00 

1,884,544.63 


4,  524,  918. 18 

3,503,107.28 

10. 107, 4G7.  74 

1, 722,  233.  23 


196, 102,  99 

255,  248,  95 

1, 320,  961. 26 

102,311,40 


21,  792,  354.  03 


19,  857,  726. 43 


11, 801, 5n.  94 


11,  366, 123.  64 


5,  556.  21 


5,  324,  69 


$6,  046, 18 
3,  922. 16 


$5,  863. 98 
3,  729,  37 


1,  934, 627,  60 


435, 388,  30 


231, 52 


1S2,  20 
192,  79 


2, 124,  02 


2, 134.  61 


10,59 


64,87 


63.60 


1.27 


818  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

CHICAGO,  MILWAUKEE  AND   ST.  PAUL  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 

This  company,  by  advice  of  counsel,  declines  to'submit,  on  the  form 
prescribed  by  this  Bureau,  a  report  of  its  operations  during  the  past 
year.  The  president  of  the  company,  in  communicating  this  decision, 
assigns  as  a  reason  tlierefor,  the  opinion  of  the  general  coansel  of  the 
company  "  *  *  *  that  we  are  not  a  land-grant  road  in  contemplation 
of  the  act  and,  there  fore,  not  under  obligation  to  make  the  report." 
******* 

The  company  was  organized  February  14,  1874,  as  successor  to  the 
Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Eailway  Company.  The  latter  owned  1,399 
miles  of  railroad  and  a  majority  interest  in  the  Western  Union  Eail- 
road  Company,  having  212.75  miles  in  operation.  The  company  subse- 
quently constructed  and  acquired  4,109.65  miles  of  road,  so  that  on 
June  30,  1892,  there  were  5,721.40  miles  of  main  track  in  operation. 

Under  a  contract  made  in  1890,  to  run  for  a  period  of  999  years,  the 
company  secured  an  equal  right  to  the  use  of  the  Union  Pacific  tracks 
from  Council  Bluifs,  Iowa,  to  Omaha,  Nebr.,  including  the  use  of  the 
bridge  over  the  Missouri  Eiver  at  Omaha,  and  of  the  Union  Passenger 
Station  in  Omalia. 

By  the  acts  of  Congress  approved  March  3,  1857,  May  12, 1864,  and 
July  4,  1860,  lands  were  granted  by  the  United  States  through  the 
States  of  Iowa  and  Minnesota  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  the  follow- 
ing roads  forming  part  of  the  present  system : 

Acres. 

McGregor  and  Missouri  River  Railroad 1,  536,  000.  00 

Minnesota  Central  Railroad 643,  403.  00 

Hastings  and  Dakota  Railroad 550,  000. 00 

Southern  Minnesota  Railway  Company 794,  619. 45 

Total 3,524,022.45 

The  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  show  that  to  June  30,  1893, 
there  had  been  patented  to  the — 

Acres. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railway 186,  706.  77 

McGregor  and  Missouri  River  Railroad 138, 187.  30 

Minnesota  Central  Railroad -.       179,706.01 

Hastings  and  Dakota  Railroad 349, 116.  88 

Southern  Minnesota  Railway 509,  992  69 

Total 1,363,709.65 

St.  Paul,  via  Mendota  or  St.  Paul  Junction,  Faribault,  Austin,  and 
Lyle,  Minn. ;  Minneapolis,  via  same  route  and  Lyle,  Minn. ;  Calmar, 
Iowa,  and  Sheldon,  Iowa,  junction  with  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
and  Omaha^ — St.  Paul  and  Sioux  City  Division  j  Hastings,  Minn.,  and 
Ortonville,  at  western  boundary  of  the  State;  Mississippi  Eiver  (La 
Crescent)  opposite  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  and  Houston,  Minn.;  and  Houston, 
Minn.,  and  Airlee,  on  western  boundary  of  Minnesota,  are  the  land- 
grant  termini. 

CHICAGO  AND  NORTHWESTERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 

This  company  was  organized  June  7,  1859,  as  a  successor  to  the 
Chicago,  St.  Paul  and  Fond  du  Lac  Eailroad  Comx)any. 

The  company  owns  the  entire  share  capital  of  the  Fremont,  Elkhorn 
and  Missouri  Vallej^  and  a  majority  interest  in  the  Sioux  City  and 
Pacific  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  MinueaiDolis  and  Omaha  railway 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


819 


companies.  By  consolidatiou  and  purcliase  it  has  acquired  3,084.60 
miles  of  road.  It  has  also  a  proprietary  interest  in  1,188.47  miles  of 
road  which,  with  0.47  miles  operated  under  trackage  rights,  makes  a 
total  of  4,273.54  miles  owned  and  operated. 

Following  are  the  grants  of  land  made  in  aid  of  construction  to  the 
roads  forming  part  of  the  present  system: 


Date  of  act. 


Xarae  of  road. 


Land  grant. 


Jnne  3, 1856  ) 
July  5,  J  862  } 
ilar.  3, 1865  ) 
Mar.  8,1857? 
Mar.  3, 1SC5  5 
May  15, 18oG 
June  3, 1856  > 
May  5,1864  5 
Mar.  3. 1857  ? 
May  12, 1864  5 
May  12,1864 
July     5, 1S64 


Chicago  and  ISTortli-westem 

Winona  and  St.  Peter 

Cedar  Rapids  and  Missouri  Eiver 

Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Omaha 

St.  Paul  and  Sioux  City 

Sioux  City  and  St.  Paul 

Sious  City  and  Pacific 

Total 


Acres. 
1, 165,  575. 76 

1, 410,  000. 00 
1,  298, 739. 00 
2, 173, 706. 43 

1,  010, 000. 00 

524,  SCO.  00 
60,  OOU.  00 


7,  G42,  821. 19 


The  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  show  that,  of  the  foregoing 
grants^  lands  had  been  patented  to  June  30,  1893,  as  follows: 

Acres. 

Cedar  Rai)ids  aud  Missouri  River 719, 142. 57 

Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Omalia 2, 166,  436. 10 

St.  Paul  and  Sioux  City 1,146,888.52 

Sioux  City  and  St.  Paul 407,  910. 21 

Sioux  City  aud  Pacific 41,  398.  23 

Winona  and  St.  Peter 1,676,787.31 

Chicago  and  Northwestern 1,  073,  554. 08 

Total 7,232,117.02 

The  records  of  the  General  Land  Olfice  also  show  that  125,000  acres 
of  land,  located  in  Wisconsin,  belonging  to  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul, Min- 
neapolis and  Omaha  Eailway  Company  had  been  forfeited,  and  that 
26,017.33  acres,  located  in  Iowa,  belonging  to  the  Sioux  City  and  St.  Paul 
Pailroad  Company,  had  been  restored  to  the  public  domain. 

The  company  reports  that  to  June  30,  1893,  the  total  number  of 
acres  of  land  acquired  under  the  several  grants  amounted  to  2.959,- 
105.20,  of  which  1,946,603.50  acres  had  been  sold  and  convej^ed  by  deed, 
leaving  284,956.23  acres  under  contract,  and  727,545.47  acres  owned  by 
the  company.  The  total  ca.sh  receipts  from  aU  sales  amounted  to 
$7,282,137.55,  and  there  remained  outstanding,  on  account  of  time 
sales,  the  sum  of  81,329,422.11. 

Winona,  Minn.,  to  a  point  on  the  Big  Sioux  Eiver  six-tenths  of  a 
mile  west  of  Watertown  station;  Cedar  Eapids,  Iowa,  to  the  transfer 
grounds.  Union  Pacific  Eailway;  aud  branch,  Lyons,  Iowa,  to  Clinton, 
Iowa,  are  the  land-grant  termini. 

The  main  line  of  the  road  extends  from  Chicago,  HI.,  to  Council 
Blufl's,  Iowa,  a  distance  of  491  miles.  There  are  360.50  miles  of  double 
track  and  1,266.24  miles  of  sidings. 

The  expenditures  during  the  year,  for  additions  and  betterments  to 
railway,  amounted  to  $2,503,470.33,  and  for  rolling  stock  to  $2,010,834.30, 
all  of  which  was  charged  to  construction  account.  There  were  luir- 
chased  during  the  year  29  locomotfves,  100  first-class  passenger,  65 
sleeping,  6  express,  1  mail,  14  combination,  100  refrigerator,  1,000  coal, 
470  stock  and  10  milk  cars. 


820  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

The  equipment  consists  of  898  locomotives,  of  wliicli  883  are  equipped 
■with  Westinghouse  brakes;  17  parlor,  9  dining,  2  bulfet,  2G  chair,  452 
first-class,  28  second-class,  39  milk,  31  mail,  132  exjiress,  G2  combina- 
tion and  8  officers'  cars — a  total  of  80G  cars  in  the  passenger  ser\ice, 
all  of  which  are  equipped  with  Westinghouse  brakes  and  Chicago  and 
Miller  platforms. 

In  the  freight  service  there  are  1G,700  box,  2,331  stock,  2,950  coal, 
21,576  flat,  329  refrigerator,  4,053  ore  and  486  caboose  cars,  a  total  of 
29,425  cars  in  this  service,  similarly  equipi^ed  with  the  cars  in  the  pas- 
'senger  service. 

In  the  road  repair  service  there  are  25  derrick  and  wrecking,  107 
dump,  gravel  and  construction  and  18  boarding  cars.  There  are  also 
2  steam  snowplows. 

The  express  business  over  the  company's  lines,  except  the  local 
business  between  Chicago  and  Milwaukee,  which  is  iierformed  by  the 
United  States  Express  Company,  is  transacted  by  the  American  Express 
Company.    The  company  runs  its  own  parlor  and  dining  cars. 

Sundry  contracts  and  agreements  have  been  entered  into  with  other 
companies  at  various  times  for  joint  use  of  tracks  and  terminal  facilities 
and  with  the  Union  Pacific  Eailway  Company  for  the  establishment  of 
a  certain  joint  through  line. 

The  following  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  com- 
pany on  June  30,  1893 : 

ASSETS. 

Cost  of  road,  fixtures,  and  equipment $167,  802,  834.  43 

Cost  of  real  estate  and  property  other  than  road. ..  638,  510. 12 

Land-grant  investments 420,  925.  00 

Fuel,  material,  and  stores  on  hand 2,  039, 162.  94 

Cash  on  hand 819,  .303. 52 

Company's  stocks  and  bonds  owned  by  company —  2,  586,  742.  64 
Other  stocks  and  bonds,  including  bonds  held  as 
collateral  for  bonds  of  the  Chicago  and  North- 
western Railway  Company  issue 34,  635,  818. 58 

Sinking  funds  paid  and  accretions  to 6,  498,  536. 20 

Bills  receivable 265,684.98 

Accounts  receivable 1,  856,  029.43 

Total  assets $217,563,547.83 

LIABILITIES. 

First-mortgage  bonds 81, 195,500.00 

Interest  on  same,  due  and  unx)fiid 101,  501.  50 

Interest  on  same  accrued,  not  due 1,224,005.25 

Other  funded  debt 35,905,000.00 

Interest  on  same,  due  and  unpaid 69, 180.  02 

Interest  on  same  accrued,  not  due 310,  612.  47 

Dividends  unpaid 50,  903. 50 

Accounts  payable 962,929.19 

Pay  rolls  and  vouchers 1,  253,  391.  64 

Due  other  companies  on  account  of  traffic 222,  976. 48 

Due  other  companies  on  account  of  leases 6,  000. 00 

Sinking  funds,  installments  paid 5,  657,  896. 20 

Sinking  funds,  accretions  to 840,  640.  00 

Fremont,  Elkhorn,  and   Missouri   Valley   Railroad 

Company 238,473.71 

Missouri  Valley  and    Blair  Railway   and    Bridge 

Company 975,047.11 

Securities  for  capital  stock  issued 10,  009,  822.  61 

Securities  retired  and  canceled  from  income 640,  000.  00 

Total  debt 139.663,879.68 

Capital  stock -• 66,528,820.53 

Total  stock  and  debt 206,192,700.21 

Surplus 11,370,847.62 


EEPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     821 

Revenue  and  expenditures  for  the  year  ended  June  SO,  1S93. 

REVENUE. 

Earniugs $32,718,629,35 

Dividends  on  stocks  of  other  companies 727,  709.  50 

Interest  on  miscellaneons  investments 43,  401.  98 

Receipts  of  tlie  land  department 546,  416. 98 

Total $34,036,157.81 

EXPENDITURES. 

Operating  expenses $21,  291,  738. 03 

Taxes 1,014,254.19 

$22,  305,  992.  22 

Interest  on  first-mortgage  bonds 4,  236.  611.  40 

Interest  on  other  funded  debt 1,  960, 127.  78 

Sinking-fund  requirements,  company 200,  200.  00 

New  construction 2,  563,  470.  33 

New  equipment 2,010,834.30 

Dividends,  1892-'93 3,906,561.50 

Expenses  of  the  land  department 124,  096.  30 

Laud  purchased  on  account  of  town-lot  companies.  4,  864.  04 

Total $37,312,757.87 

Deficit 3,276,600.06 

Comparative  statement  of  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the    Chicago  and  Northwettem 

Railway  Company. 


Tear  ended — 

Difference. 

June  30, 1893. 

June  30, 1892. 

Increase. 

Decreaaa. 

EARNINGS. 

$8,  3G0,  625. 40 

23, 110,  913.  81 

603,  435. 77 

418,  514.  91 

165, 139. 46 

$7,  514, 834. 62 

23, 320,  913.  53 

660,  387.  87 

419, 501. 12 

149, 120.  25 

$845, 790. 78 

Frei  "-ht  

$209,  999. 72 

Mail   

3, 047. 90 

986  21 

16,  019.  21 

Total 

32,718,629.35 

32,  064,  757.  39 

653,  871.  96 

EXPENSES. 

Maintenance  of  way  and  structures 

4,  41G,  414.  08 

3,  396,  235.  92 

12,  030,  910.  73 

2,  450,  431. 49 

4, 136, 525.  56 

3, 130, 031.  23 

11, 161, 793.  05 

2,  266,  010. 15 

279,  888.  52 
266,  204.  69 
875,117.68 
190,  421. 34 

Total 

22,  305, 992. 22 

20,  694, 359.  99 

1,611,632.23 

10,  412,  637. 13 

11,  370, 397. 40 

957,  760. 27 

4,  273. 07 

4, 273.  07 

$7,  650. 93 
5, 220. 13 

$7,  503. 91 
4,  842. 97 

153.  02 
377. 16 

2, 436.  80 

2, 660.  94 

224.14 

Percentage  of  expenses  to  earnings 

68.17 

64.54 

3.63 

CHICAGO,   ROCK  ISLAND   AND  PACIFIC   RAILWAY  COMPANY. 


This  company  lias  failed  to  submit,  on  the  form  prescribed  by  the 
Bureau,  a  report  of  its  operations  during  the  past  year. 

The  Chicago  and  Eock  Island  Eailroad  Companj'  was  chartered  in 
Illinois  February  7,  1851,  and  the  road  opened  from  Chicago  to  the 
Mississippi  Eiver  July  10,  1851.     The  company  for  the  extension  of  the 


822  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

line  from  the  Mississippi  to  tlie  Missouri  Eiver  was  cliartered  in  1852 
under  the  name  of  fhe  Mississippi  and  Missouri  Eailroad  Company. 
The  two  were  consolidated  August  23, 18GG,  as  the  Chicago,  Eock  Island 
and  Pacific  Eailroad  Comi)auy. 

By  the  act  of  Congress,  approved  May  15,  1856,  there  were  granted 
by  the  United  States,  through  the  State  of  Iowa,  to  the  Mississippi 
and  Missouri  Eailroad  Company,  1,261,181.60  acres  of  land. 

Davenport,  Iowa,  and  the  transfer  grounds,  Union  Pacific  Railway, 
are  the  land- grant  termini. 

The  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  show  that,  to  June  30,  1893, 
there  had  been  patented  to  the  company  by  the  Government  420,109.21 
acres  of  land. 

The  land  commissioner  of  the  company,  under  date  of  May  1,  1893, 
reports  to  the  president  as  follows : 

Witli  warranty  925.01  acres  of  land,  have  been  conTeyed  or  contractetl  for  tlae  con- 
sideration of  $12,133.08.  Quitclaims  have  been  issued  to  237.92  acres,  for  -which  $30 
were  received. 

The  bills  receivable  were  decreased  during  the  year  by  the  sum  of  $32,954.03, 
and  stood  at  $94,193.12  at  the  close.  Interest  and  rentals  were  collected  to  the 
amount  of  $9,124.14. 

Taxes  on  the  lauds  and  lots  unsold  January  1,  1893,  were  paid  amounting  to 
$628.73;  and  back  taxes  on  lands  forfeited  were  settled  to  the  amount  of  $279.51,  the 
last  have  all  been  resold  for  jiriccs  more  than  covering  the  original  consideration 
with  interest  and  taxes. 

During  the  year  there  has  been  remitted  to  the  treasurer  of  the  company  from  the 
net  receipts  oi"  this  office  the  sum  of  $60,000. 

The  acreage  remaining  undisposed  of  (of  lands  to  which  the  title  is  perfect)  is  now 
only  1,629.05  acres;  to  this  is  to  be  added  town  property,  mainly  at  Audubon. 

The  following  information  is  compiled  from  the  report  of  the  direct- 
ors to  the  stockholders  of  the  comx)anv  for  the  year  ended  March  31, 
1893: 

The  main  line  of  road  extends  from  Chicago,  111.,  to  Council  Bluffs, 
Iowa,  a  distance  of  498.81  miles. 

The  principal  branch  lines  owned  are  as  follows: 

Miles. 

Davenport,  Iowa,  to  Atchison,  Kans 341.  84 

South  Omaha,  Nebr.,  to  Jansen,  Nebr 107.  05 

Elwood,  Kans.,  to  Liberal,  Kans .- 439.  .54 

Herington,  Kans.,  to  Terral,  Ind.  T 349.07 

Horton,  Kans.,  to  Koswell,  Colo , 568.  65 

McFarland,  Kans.,  to  Belleville,  Kans 103.  98 

Other  branch  lines,  969.71  miles  in  length,  make  a  total  of  2,879.84 
miles  owned. 

The  company  also  leases  352.66  miles,  and  has  trackage  rights  over 
377.68  miles;  an  aggregate  of  3,610.18  miles  of  road  operated. 

During  the  year  there  were  10,828  tons  of  new  steel  rails  laid  at  a 
cost  of  $335,139.52,  and  685,627  new  cross-ties  placed  in  the  track'  at  a 
cost  of  $307,598.14.    Kew  wire  fencing  cost  $4,632.88. 

The  equipment  consisted  of  552 locomotives;  47  sleeping,  305  passen- 
ger, 78  baggage,  mail,  and  express,  14  railway  postal,  13  dining,  and  5 
officers'  cars;  a  total  of  462.  In  the  freight  service  there  were  10,530 
box,  2,347  stock,  2,759  platform  and  coal,  and  385  drovers',  caboose, 
and  other  cars;  total,  16,021.  There  were  also  1,356  cars  in  the  road- 
repair  service. 

The  following  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  com- 
l^any  April  1, 1893,  and  the  earnings  and  expenses  for  the  years  ended 
June  30,  1893-1892: 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


823 


LIABILITIES. 

Six  per  cent  mortgage  bonds $12,500,000.00 

Five  per  cent  extension  bonds 38,  990,  000.  00 

Five  percent  debenture  bonds 3,000,000.00 

Cbicago  and  Southwestern  Railway  bonds,  guaran- 
teed   5,000,000.00 

Addition  and  improvement  account 8,  213, 000.  00 

Accounts  payable 1,  283,  644.  50 

Total  debt $68,986,644.50 

Capital  stock 46,156,000.00 

Total  stock  and  debt 115,142,644.50 

ASSETS. 

Road  and  equipment $100,  389,  S53.  39 

Railroad  bridge  at  Rock  Island 758,  526. 10 

Cost  of  southern  extension 1,  672,  242. 16 

Stock  and  bonds  of  connecting  roads 8,  731,  890.  35 

Loans  and  other  investments 517,  535.  31 

Advances  made  to  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Texas 

Railway  Comiiauy,  as  j>er  agreement  dated  January 

2,1893 1 308,984.69 

Company's  stock  on  hand 12, 100.  00 

Comininy's  6  per  cent  mortgage  bonds  on  hand 400, 000.  00 

Company's  5  per  cent  extension  and  collateral  bonds 

on  hand 469,000.00 

Sinking-fund  account,  first-mortgage  extension  and 

collateral  5  per  cent  bonds  purchased 213,  000.  00 

'  Fuel,  material,  and  stores  on  hand 1,  467,  322.  56 

Accounts  receivable 908,  812.  37 

Cash  and  loans  (payable  on  demand) 314,  871.  01 

Total 116,163,637.94 

Surplus 1,020,993.44 

Comparative  statement  of  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  tlte  CJdcago,   Eock  Island  and 

Pacific  Eailway  Company. 


Year  ended. 

Difference. 

June  30, 1893. 

June  30, 1892. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

EARNINGS. 

$6,110,435.51 

13, 599, 370. 28 

453,  824. 31 

348, 424. 30 

1, 05G,  081. 75 

$5,  376, 294. 23 

12,  525,  793.  64 

450, 185. 87 

322, 902. 35 

517, 222.  .54 

$734, 141. 28 

1, 073, 576.  64 

3,  638. 44 

25,  521. 95 

538,  859.  21 

rreio-lit 

Mail 

Total 

21,  568, 136. 15 

19, 192,  398.  63 

2, 375, 737.  52 

EXPENSES. 

3, 266, 947. 03 
2,  555,  810. 85 
7,232,751.34 
2,564,125.59 

2, 992, 172. 37 
2, 310, 476.  27 
6, 126,  530. 52 
2, 283,  78L  66 

274,  774.  66 

245,  334. 58 

1, 106,  220.  82 

280, 343. 93 

Total 

15,  619,  634. 81 

13,712,960.82 

1,906,073.99 

5, 948,  501. 34 

5,479,437.81 

469, 063. 53 

Average  miles  operated 

3,456 

3,456 

$6, 240. 78 
4,  519. 57 

$5,  553. 35 
3, 967. 87 

$087. 43 
551  70 

1, 721. 21 

1,585.48 

135.73 

Perceiita;;e  of  expenses  to  camings 

72.42 

70.92 

1.50 

824  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

CHICAGO,    ST.  PAUL,  MINNEAPOLIS   AND   OMAHA  RAILWAY. 
(CHICAGO  AND  NORTHWESTERN    RAILWAY  COMPANY,) 

This  company  was  org-aiiized  Jimel,  1880,  by  the  consolidation  of  the 
Chicago,  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis  and  the  ISTorth  Wisconsin  Railway 
companies.  Under  the  terms  of  the  consolidation  the  St.  Paul  and  Sioux 
City  and  the  Sioux  City  and  St.  Paul  railroads  were  iDurchased. 
Included  in  the  main  line  are  5.20  miles  from  St.  Paul  to  Mendota, 
which  are  owned  jointly  with  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul 
Railway  Company.  11.4  miles  of  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Mani- 
toba Railway  from  East  Minneapolis  to  St.  Paul  and  1.59  miles  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad  (bridge)  near  Duluth  are  leased  or  operated 
under  traffic  contracts. 

By  the  acts  of  Congress  approved  June  3,  1856,  and  May  5,  18G4, 
grants  of  land  were  made  as  follows  to  roads  now  belonging  to  the 
Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Omaha  Railway  Comi)any : 

Acres. 

St.  Croix  and  Lake  Superior 1,  251, 208.90 

La  Crosse  and  Milwaukee , 922,  497. 53 

Total 2,173,706.43 

The  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  show  that  to  June  30,  1893, 
there  had  been  patented  to  the — 

.Acres. 

St.  Croix  and  Lake  Superior 1,349,610.48 

La  Crosse  and  Mihvaukee 816,  825.  62 

Total 2,166,436.10 

The  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  also  show  that  125,000  acres 
of  railroad  indemnity  lands,  belonging  to  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minne- 
apolis and  Omaha  Railway  Company,  located  in  Wisconsin,  have  been 
restored  to  the  i^ublic  domain. 

The  company's  report  shows  that,  to  June  30, 1893,  the  total  number 
of  acres  received  by  United  States  patent  was  987,055.50;  from  the 
State  of  Wisconsin  1,174,887.29;  and  by  cancellation  of  contracts 
1,469.96,  a  total  of  2,104,312.75  acres  of  land. 

The  report  also  shows  that,  to  the  same  period,  there  had  been 
disposed  of,  for  cash  and  on  time  contracts,  1,688,853.79  acres.  The 
total  cash  receipts  from  all  sales  to  the  above  date  amounted  to 
$7,881,701.74,  and  there  remained  outstanding  on  account  of  time 
sales  the  sum  of  $547,614.06.  The  receipts  of  the  land  department 
during  the  year  were  $315,778.39,  and  the  expenses  $244,333.89. 

The  main  line  of  road  extends  from — 

Miles. 

Elroy,  Wis.,  to  Minneapolis,  Minn 195. 17 

North  Wisconsin  .Junction  to  Bayfield,  Wis 178.24 

Eau  Claire  to  Spooner,  Wis 81.  51 

Superior  Junction,  Wis.,  to  Duluth,  Minn 71.  45 

St.  Paul,  Minn.,  to  Sioux  City,  Iowa 243.76 

Sioux  City,  Iowa,  to  Omaha,  Nebr 123. 06 

Total 893.19 

There  are  also  518.83  miles  of  branches,  380.56  miles  of  sidings, 
and  23.70  miles  of  double  track,  a  total  of  1,816.28  miles  of  track,  ol 
which  1,296.10  miles  are  laid  witli  steel  rails. 

The  additions  and  betterments  to  railway  during  the  year  amounted 
to  $5,806,955.98,  and  to  rolling  stock  $267,295.71.  There  were  laid  dur- 
ing the  year  15,117.64  tons  of  steel  rails,  at  a  cost  of  $481,043.30,  and 
614,691  cross  ties  were  placed  in  the  track,  at  a  cost  of  $298,409.60. 

At  the  end  of  the  year  the  equipment  consisted  of  61  passenger,  173 
freight  and  35  switching  locomotives;  total  209,  266  of  which  were 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     825 

equipped  witli  Westiiighoiise,  Xew  York  air,  American  steam,  and 
Eames's  vacuum  brakes.  In  the  passenger  service  there  were  1  buf- 
fet, 4  parlor,  2  dining,  3  chair,  79  first-class,  24  second-class,  10  mail, 
39  baggage,  15  express,  combination  and  mail,  22  combination  and 
3  officers'  cars;  total  202,  all  equipped  -with  Westinghouse  brakes 
and  Miller  platforms.  In  the  freight  service  there  were  6,054  box,  393 
stock,  934  coal,  1,234  flat,  75  refrigerator,  75  furniture,  and  127  caboose 
cars ;  total  8,892.  In  the  road  and  miscellaneous  ser\ice  there  were  46 
dump,  gravel,  and  construction,  3  boarding,  and  9  wrecking  cars,  and  1 
rotary  snow  plow. 

The  express  business  on  the  company's  lines  is  transacted  by  the 
American  Express  Company  under  contract,  ou  a  tonnage  basis.  By 
contract  with  the  Pullman  Palace  Car  Company  its  sleepers  are  run 
over  the  comi)any's  lines  on  a  mileage  basis. 

The  following  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  com- 
pany on  June  30,  1893 : 

ASSETS. 

Cost  of  road,  fixtiires,  and  equipment $54,  087,  875.  31 

Fuel,  material,  and  stores  on  hand 1,  036,  632.  83 

Cash  on  hand 649,142.09 

Company's  stocks  and  bonds  owned  by  company 4,  547,  853.  32 

Other  stocks  and  bonds 271,700.00 

Bills  receivable 692.  26 

Accounts  receivable 1,  325,  992. 43 

Due  from  U.  S.  Post-Office  Department 48, 192.  99 

Total  assets $61,968,081.23 

LIABILITIES. 

First-mortgage  bonds 24,459,800.00 

Interest  on  same,  due  and  accrued  (income  coupons 

due  July  1,  1893) 73,466.75 

Interest  on  same,  accrued  not  due 191,  448.  34 

Dividends  unpaid 394,031.50 

Pay  rolls  and  vouchers 754,  228.  04 

Due  other  companies  on  account  of  traffic 35,  658. 55 

Due  other  companies  on  account  of  leases 7,  501. 19 

Accrued  taxes  not  yet  due 236,  694.  66 

Total  debt 26,152,829.03 

Capital  stock 34,050,126.66 

Total  stock  and  debt 60,  202,  955.  69 

Surplus 1.765,125.54 

JRevenue  and  expenditures  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1S93, 

REVENUE. 

Earnings $9,190,820.26 

Dividends  on  stocks  of  other  companies 4,  200. 00 

Interest  on  bonds  of  other  companies 8, 100.  00 

Interest  on  miscollaDeous  investments ,  24,  845.81 

Receipts  of  the  land  department 315,  778. 39 

Total $9,543,744.46 

EXPENDITUKES. 

Operating  expenses  and  taxes 6,  670,  875.  65 

Interest  on  first-mortgage  bonds 1,  450,  416.  00 

New  construction 876,201.32 

New  equipment 267,  295.  71 

Dividends  N o«.  33  and  34,  December,  1892,  and  June,  1893  787,  976.  00 

Expenses  of  the  land  dei)artment 244,  333.  89 

Total 10,297,098.57 

Deficit 753.354.11 


826  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Earnings  and  expenses  for  ilie  year  ended  June  SO,  1S93. 

EARNINGS. 

Passenger $2,135,100.32 

Freight 6,628,702.08 

Mail 183,334.79 

Express 107,411.07 

Miscellaneous 136,272.00 

Total $9,190,820.26 

EXPENSES. 

Maintenance  of  way  and  structures 1, 877, 240.  04 

Maintenance  of  equipment 954,  345.  80 

Conducting  transportation 2,  906,  791.  25 

General  expenses  and  taxes 932, 498. 56 

Total 6,670,875.65 

Net  earnings 2,519,944.61 

Average  miles  operated 1,  481. 61 

Earnings  per  mile 6,  203. 26 

Expenses  per  mile 4, 502.  45 

Net  earnings  per  mile 1,  700.  81 

Percentage  of  exj)enses  to  earnings 72. 58 

DUBUQUE  AND   SIOUX  CITY  KAILEOAD   COMPANY. 

(ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  RAILROAD   COMPANY.) 

This  road  was  cliartered  November  24,  1856,  as  the  Dubuque  and 
Pacific  Eaih^oad  Company.  It  was  sold  under  foreclosure  August  21, 
1860,  and  the  present  company  organized.  The  road  was  opened  to 
Cedar  Falls,  100  miles,  April  1,  1861,  and  to  the  present  terminus  in 
1866.  A  controlling  interest  was  acquired  by  the  Illinois  Central  Eail- 
road  Company  in  1887. 

By  the  act  of  Congress  approved  May  15,  1856,  there  were  granted  to 
the  Dubuque  and  Pacific  Eailroad  Company,  through  the  State  of  Iowa, 
1,226,163  acres  of  land.  The  records' of  the  General  Land  Office  show 
that,  to  June  30, 1893,  there  had  been  patented  to  the  company  327,690.39 
acres,  and  to  thelowaFalls  and  Sioux  City  Kailroad  Company  683,023.80 
acres.  Dubuque,  Iowa,  and  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  are  the  land-grant  ter- 
mini. 

The  comi^any  makes  no  report  of  the  operations  of  its  land  depart- 
ment, with  the  exception  of  an  amount  of  $1,731.83,  received  from  inter- 
est on  time  sales,  and  $22,730  outstanding  on  that  account. 

The  main  line  of  road  extends  from  Dubuque  to  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  a 
distance  of  326.58  miles,  and  the  report  of  the  operating  comx)any  is 
restricted  in  detail  thereto. 

The  expenditures  during  the  year  for  additions  and  bettermeiits  to 
railway  amounted  to  $91,869.31,  all  of  which  was  charged  to  construc- 
tion account. 

The  equipment  consists  of  31  passenger,  17  freight,  and  14  switching 
locomotives,  all  of  which  are  equipped  with  Westinghouse  brakes;  28 
first-class  and  17  combination  cars,  equipped  with  Westinghouse  brakes 
and  Miller  platforms;  137  box,  24  stock,  14  coal,  24  flat,  and  7  caboose 
cars,  none  of  which  have  air  brakes. 


REPOET    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 


827 


The  following  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  comx)any 
on  June  30,  1893: 

LIABILITIES. 

First-mortgage  bonds $9,5-17,000.00 

Interest  on  same,  due  and  accrued 23,  992.  50 

Dividends  unpaid 763.55 

Payrolls,  vouchers,  and  accounts 713. 49 

Due  other  comnanies  on  account  of  traffic 100, 500. 82 


Total $9,672,970.36 

Capital  stock 7,999,600.00 

Total  stock  and  debt 17,672,570.36 


Road,  fixtures,  and  equipment 17,220,455.43 

Fuel,  material,  and  stores  on  hand 22,  730.  00 

Company's  stocks  and  bonds  ovrned  by  company 523,  073. 13 

Other  stocks  and  bonds 5.  80 

Accounts  receivable 243.  82 


Total 17,766,508.18 

Surplus 93,937.82 

Eevenue  and  expendiiures  for  the  year  ended  June  SO,  1893. 

KEVEXUE. 

Earninga $2,197,052.58 

Dividends  on  stocks  of  other  companies 108.  45 

Interest  on  bonds  of  other  companies 32, 235. 00 

Receipts  of  land  department 1,  731.  83 

Total $2,231,127.86 


EXPEXDITUEES. 

Operating  expenses 1. 393, 179.  89 

Interest  on  first-mortgage  bonds 348,  570.  00 

New  construction 91,  869.  31 

Dividends  (December  31,  1892) 99,995.00 

Net  loss  on  branch  lines 381, 590. 21 


Total 2,315,204.41 

Deficit 84,076.55 

Comparative  statement  of  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the  Duhuque  and  Sioux  City  Eail- 

road  Company. 


Tear  ended— 

Difference. 

June  30, 1893. 

June  30, 1892. 

Increa.se.         Decrease. 

EAEXINGS. 

$601,  572. 47 

1,  434,  202.  27 

67,  893.  61 

42,  532. 49 

50,36L74 

$624,830.26 

1,  534, 211. 41 

74,  731. 16 

32,  268.  67 

46,  799. 06 

$23  257  79 

Freight 

99  919.14 

Mail 

6,  837. 55 

$10,603.82    

3,  562. 08 

Total 

2, 197,  052. 58 

2,312,841.16 

115,  788.  58 

828 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Comjjarative  statement  of  the  eaniiiif's  and  expenses  of  the  Diibuqne  and  Sioux  City  Eail- 
road  Company — Continued. 


Tear  ended— 

Difference. 

June  30, 1893. 

June  30, 1892. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

EXPENSES. 

Maintenance  of  Tray  and  structures 

$344,  339. 12 
199,.867.  09 
624,  793. 46 
224, 180.  22 

$421.  219.  03 
211,  691.  80 
012,  397.  33 
222, 631.  84 

$76,  879.  91 
11, 824.  71 

$i2,  396. 13 
1,  248.  38 

Total 

1,  393, 179. 89 

1, 468,  240. 00 

75, 060. 11 

803,  872.  69 

844,  601. 16 

40, 728. 47 

326.  58  1                 326. 58 

1       

6,727.45 
4,  265.  96 

7,  082. 00 
4, 495.  80 

354.  55 

229. 84 

2,  461. 49  1              2,  586.  20 

124. 71 

Percentage  of  exjienses  to  earnings 

63.41  1                   fi.S.^S 

07 

HANNIBAL  AND   ST.  JOSEPH  RAILROAD   COMPANY. 
(CHICAGO,   BURLIXGTON  AND   QUINCY  RAILROAD   COMPANY.) 

This  company  lias  failed  to  submit,  on  the  form  prescribed  by  this 
Bureau,  a  report  of  its  operations  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1893 ;  a 
copy  of  its  general  balance  sheet  and  a  statement  of  earnings  and 
expenses  only  having  been  furnished. 

The  company  was  chartered  February  16,  1847,  and  the  road  opened 
February  14,  1859.  The  branches  were  built  under  separate  charters. 
In  1882  a  controlling  interest  in  this  road  was  purchased  by  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  and  Quincy  Railroad  Company.  The  Missouri  Pacific 
Eailway  Company  uses  the  road  between  St.  Joseph  and  Atchison, 
together  with  the  terminal  facilities  at  St.  Joseph.  The  Chicago,  Eock 
Island  and  Pacific  Kailway  Company  pays  rental  for  running  its  trains 
between  Cameron  and  Kansas  City. 

By  the  act  of  Congress  approved  June  10,  1852,  there  were  granted 
to  the  company,  through  the  State  of  Missouri,  781,944.83  acres  of  laud. 
Hanuibal,  Mo.,  and  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  are  the  land-grant  termini.  The 
records  of  the  General  Land  Office  show  that  to  June  30,  1893,  there 
had  been  patented  to  the  company  003,180.34  acres. 

LIABILITIES. 

Funded  debt $8,000,000.00 

Current  liabilities 295,702.27 

Accounts  not  liabilities 101,  356. 83 

Profit  and  loss 223,  771.  64 

Income  account 2,  040,  044. 47 

Total  debt $10,660,875.21 

Capital  stock 14,251,969.00 

Total  stock  auddcbt 24,912,844.21 

ASSETS. 

Eoad,  fixtures,  and  equipment 23,  727,  924.  71 

Stocks  owned 100,  300.  00 

Cash  and  current  assets 866,  525. 62 

Material  and  supplies 193,  897.  42 

Sundry  assets 21,  951.  79 

Excess  of  interest  matured  over  accrued 2,  244.  67 

Total  assets 24,912,844.21 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETAKY  OP  THE  INTERIOR. 


829 


Cot}i]]arative  statement  of  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the  Hannibal  and  St.  Joseph  Eail- 

road  Company. 


Tear  ended — 

Difference. 

June  30, 1893. 

June  30, 1892. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

EAENLXGS. 

$678.  6C2.  20 

1.  867,  795.  20 

8.i,  833.  69 

71,899.98 

346,  869.  87 

$669,818.74 

1,  765, 234. 43 

92,  277. 25 

69, 999.  96 

330,  511.  54 

$8,  843. 4G 
102,  560.  77 

Mail'- 



$6, 443. 56 

i,  900.  02 
16, 358. 33 

Total 

3, 051,  060. 94 

2,  927,  841. 92 

123,  219. 02 

EXPENSES. 

Maintenance  of  way  and  structurea 

318,909.17 

345,  474.  23 

1, 204,  947. 93 

183, 129. 43 

443,  810. 42 

327,  377.  38 

1, 133, 139.  00 

181,  347.  22 

124, 901. 25 

18,  096.  85 

71,808.93 

1,782.21 

Total 

2,  052,  4G0.  76 

2, 085,  674. 02 

33,  213.  26 

998,  6UC.  18 

842, 167. 90 

156, 432.  28 

295.  25 

295.  25 

10,  333. 82 
6,  951.  60 

9,  916.  48 
7,  064. 09 

417.  34 

112  49 

Net  earnings  per  mile 

3,  382.  22 

2,  852.  S9 

529.  83 

Percentage  of  expenses  to  earnings 

67.27 

71.23 

3.96 

*  As  shown  by  Poor's  Manual  of  Railroads. 

LITTLE   ROCK  AND   MEMPHIS   RAILROAD   COMPANY. 
(SUCCESSOR  TO   THE   MEMPHIS   AND   LITTLE   ROCK   RAILROAD   COMPANY.) 

The  trustees  of  the  general  mortgage  of  the  Memphis  and  Little 
Eock  Eailroad  took  possession  in  August,  1884,  sold  the  road  and  organ- 
ized the  present  comiiany  September  1,  1887.  On  June  1,  1893,  the 
president  was  appointed  receiver. 

By  the  acts  of  Congress  approved  February  9,  1853,  and  July  28, 
18GG,  there  were  granted  to  the  Memphis  and  Little  Eock  Eailroad 
Company,  through  the  State  of  Arkansas,  438,646  acres  of  land.  The 
records  of  the  General  Land  OfiQce  show  that  to  June  30,  1893,  there 
had  been  patented  174,567.75  acres. 

The  main  line  of  the  road  extends  from  Argenta,  Ark.,  to  Hopefield, 
Ark.,  opposite  Memphis,  Tenn.,  a  distance  of  131.83  miles.  The  Mis- 
sissippi Eiver,  opposite  Memphis,  and  Argenta,  opposite  Little  Eock, 
are  the  laud-grant  termini. 

The  receiver's  report  of  the  operations  of  the  land  department  is 
exceedingly  meager,  neither  the  number  of  acres  patented  to  the  com- 
pany nor  the  number  of  acres  sold  being  given.  The  number  of  acres 
still  owned  by  the  company  and  undisposed  of  is  reported  as  61,804; 
and  the  amount  outstanding  on  account  of  time  sales,  as  $8,259.52. 

The  amount  expended  for  additions  and  betterments  to  railway  dur- 
ing the  year  was  $164.98. 

The  roadway,  bridges,  track,  buildings,  etc.,  are  assessed  for  taxa- 
tion at  a  valuation  of  $840,130,  and  the  equipment  at  $140,986;  but  the 
receiver  makes  no  itemized  rei)ort. 

The  express  business  on  the  company's  lines  is  transacted  by  the 
Pacific  Express  Company,  under  contract. 

The  Pullman  Palace  Car  Company  runs  its  cars  on  a  mileage  basis. 

The  use  of  terminals  at  Little  Eock  and  Memphis  are  leased  from  the 


830 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Missouri  Pacific,  Kansas  City,  MempMs  and  Birmingliam,  and  Illinois 
Central  railroad  companies. 

LIABILITIES. 

Bills  payable $45,  000.  00 

Accounts  payable 26,  911. 56 

Pay  rolls  and  Touchers 16, 156.  55 

Due  other  compauies  on  account  of  traffic 8, 180.82 


Total ■ $96,248.93 

ASSETS. 

Land  contracts,  land  cash,  etc 8,  259. 52 

Fuel,  material,  and  stores  on  hand 26,  306.82 

Accounts  receivable 46,  878.  92 

Cash  on  hand 12,220.58 

Prolit  and  loss 3,683.83 


Total 97,349.67 


Surplus 1,100.74 

Bevcnue  and  expenditures  for  the  year  ended  June  SO,  1S93. 

EEVEXUE. 

Earnings $400,229.87 

Eeceipts  of  the  land  department 2, 809. 00 


Total $403,038.87 

EXPENDITURES. 

Operating  expenses 404,  013.  70 

New  construction 164.  98 

Expenses  of  the  Land  Department 2, 151. 50 

Total 406,330.18 


Deficit 3,29L31 

Comparative  statement  of  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the  Little  Roch  and  Memphis  Bail- 
road  Company. 


Tear  ended— 

Difference. 

June  30,  1893. 

June  30,  1892. 

Increase. 

Decrea.se. 

EARNINGS. 

$122,  326.  03 

250,  963. 18 

16,  C74. 69 

8,671.27 

1,  589. 70 

$257,  507. 87 

397,291.04 

15,  990. 17 

14,  SS6. 91 

2, 425.  50 

$135, 181. 84 
146,522.  86 

;Mail*       

$684.52 

6,  215.  64 

835.80 

400, 229.  87 

683, 101. 49 

287, 871.  62 

EXPENSES, 

92, 670. 77 
43,  240. 79 
194, 862. 97 
73, 239. 17 

117, 754. 28 

70, 953.  28 

259,  376. 19 

107,589.43 

25, 083. 51 

27,712.49 

64, 513. 22 

34, 350.  26 

Total 

40i,  013.  70 

555,673.18 

151, 059. 48 

3, 783. 83 

132, 428. 31 

136, 212. 14 

132.00  1                 132.00 

3,  032.  04 
3,  060. 71 

5,  212.  89 

2,180.85 

4,209.64 

1, 148.  93 

28.67 

1,  003. 25 

1, 031. 92 

Percentage  of  expenses  to  earnings 

100.94                  fin.  7-i  1             ?!n  10 

EEPORT    OF    THE    SECEETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR.  831 

MISSOURI  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 

This  company  is  tlie  successor  of  tlie  Missouri  Pacific  Eailroad  Com- 
pany of  Missouri,  which  was  organized  March  12,  1849,  to  buikl  a  road 
from  St.  Louis  to  Jefferson  City  and  thence  to  the  western  boundary  of 
the  State. 

The  land  grant  to  the  Pacific  Eailroad  of  Missouri  (1,161,235.07  acres; 
see  history  of  the  St.  Louis  and  San  Francisco  Eailway  Company)  was 
conveyed  to  the  South  Pacific  Eailroad.  This  road  was  taken  possession 
of  by  the  State  in  1866  for  nonpayment  of  interest  on  the  State  subsidy, 
and  sold,  with  the  lauds,  to  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Eailroad  Com- 
pany, which,  in  1872,  leased  the  line  of  the  old  company.  The  two  roads 
were  operated  under  one  management  until  1876,  when  the  Pacific  Eoad 
was  sold  under  process  of  foreclosure  of  the  third  mortgage  and  con- 
veyed by  the  jiurchasers  to  the  present  company,  which  was  incorpo- 
rated October  21,  1876.  By  articles  of  association  filed  August  11, 
1880,  the  Missouri  Pacific  was  consolidated  with  the  St.  Louis  and 
Lercington,  the  Kansas  City  and  Eastern,  the  Lexington  and  Southern, 
the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  and  Arizona,  the  Missouri  Eiver,  and  the 
Leavenworth,  Atchison  and  ]!^orthwestern.  Eailroads,  which,  form  the 
existing  company. 

This  company  leases  the  following  roads,  which  are  subject  to  the 
provisions  of  the  act  approved  June  19, 1878: 

Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Eailroad,  the  lease  running  for  twenty- 
five  years  from  December  6, 1886,  the  Missouri  Pacific  accounting  to  the 
Union  Pacific  Comi)any  (owners)  for  the  net  earnings. 

Little  Eock  and  Fort  Smith  Eailway,  which  received  a  grant  in  aid 
of  construction  of  1,100,000  acres  of  laud,  1,057,017.55  of  which  had  been 
patented  to  June  30,  1803. 

St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  and  Southern  Eailway  Company  (which 
see). 

The  company  makes  no  report  of  the  operations  of  its  land  depart- 
ment. 

The  main  line  of  this  road  extends  from  the  levee.  Eleventh  street,  St. 
Louis,  to  Webster  street,  Omaha,  a  distance  of  494.77  miles.  The  com- 
pany also  owns  762.03  miles  of  branch  lines  and  leases  307.57  miles — a 
total  of  1,562.48  miles  of  road  owned  and  operated.  There  are  33.70 
miles  of  double  track,  210.78  miles  of  sidings  on  the  main  line,  and  168.40 
miles  of  sidings  on  branch  lines — an  aggregate  of  1,975.36  miles  of  track. 
There  are  146.06  miles  of  road  ballasted  with  stone,  300.16  miles  with 
gravel,  82.12  miles  with  cinder,  and  1,034.14  miles  with  earth.  There 
are  2,101.28  miles  of  barbed  wire  fencing.  Steel  rails  of  fi-om  56  to  63 
pounds  per  lineal  yard  are  laid  on  1,506.11  miles  of  track  and  iron  rails 
of  from  45  to  52  pounds  on  56.37  miles  of  track. 

Betterments  to  railway  and  equipment  were  effected  through  expense 
accounts,  no  improvement  account  being  kept. 

There  were  4,807.69  new  rails  laid  during  the  year,  at  a  cost  of 
$74,039.97,  and  629,278  new  oak  cross-ties  placed  in  the  track,  at  a  cost 
of  $282,387.98. 

During  the  same  period  there  were  added  10  chair,  21  first-class,  2 
baggage,  mail,  and  express,  500  box,  2  flat,  15  caboose,  and  3  wrecking 
cars. 

The  equipment  consists  of  77  passenger,  194  freight,  and  50  switching 
locomotives,  208  of  which  are  equipped 'with  Westinghouse  brakes;  2 
parlor,  55  sleeping,  56   chair,  116  first-class,  65  mail,  baggage,  and 


832  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

express,  45  combiuation,  and  6  officers'  cars,  all  equipped  with  Westing- 
house  brakes  and  Miller  platforms.  In  the  freight  service  there  are 
5,928  box,  921  stock,  4,290  coal,  710  flat,  309  refrigerator,  15  fruit,  and 
159  caboose  cars.  Total  passenger  service,  345;  freight  service,  12,392; 
aggregate,  12,737  cars. 

In  the  road  and  miscellaneous  service  there  are  4  boarding,  19 
"wrecking,  767  hand,  4  "  other,"  and  678  push  cars,  and  8  derricks. 

The  following  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  company 
on  June  30,  1893: 

ASSETS. 

Cost  of  road,  fixtures,  and  equipment $19,  590,  297. 32 

Eeal  estate  other  than  road  749,  783. 24 

Fuel,  material,  and  stores  on  hand 1,  059,  500.  85 

Stocks,  bonds,  and  miscellaneous  investments 57,  389, 152.  99 

Bills  receivable 11,  700. 00 

Accounts  receivable 4,  573,  077.  38 

Cash  on  hand 470,881.43 

Total $113,844,393.21 

LIABILITIES. 

Funded  debt 54,012,000.00 

Interest  on  same,  due  and  uni^aid 68,  065.  00 

Interest  on  same,  accrued,  not  due 865,  358.  32 

Bills  and  accounts  payable 4,  478,  066. 47 

Pay  rolls  and  vouchers 3,  254,  512.  94 

Due  other  companies  on  account  of  traffic 70,  343.  93 

Total  debt 62,  748,  346.  66 

Capital  stock 47,  436,  575.  00 

Total  stock  and  debt 110, 184,  921.  66 

Surplus 3,659,471.55 

Revenue  and  expenditures  for  the  year  ended  June  SO,  1893. 

REVENUE. 

Earnings $11,  474,  393. 53 

Dividends  on  stocks  and  interest  on  bonds  of  other 
companies,  and  profits  on  miscellaneous  invest- 
ments    319,224.93 

Terminal  facilities 220, 125.  78 

Sundry  amounts 166,  062.  00 

Total $12,179,806.24 

EXPENDITURES. 

Operating  expenses,  rentals  and  taxes 8,  680,  824. 38 

Interest  on  funded  debt 2,  781,  766.  66 

Interest  on  other  debt 102,  392.  22 

Branch  lines,  deficit 349,  705.  98 

Expenses  of  traffic  association 18,  974. 99 

Compensation  retained  by  United  States  on  account 

of  land  grant 276.87 

Discount  and  premium 78,  344.  43 

Sundry  expenses 25,  073. 91 

Total 12,037,359.44 

Surplus 142,446.80 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     833 


ComjHtrative  statement  of  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railway- 
Company. 


Tear  ended— 

Difference. 

June  30, 1893. 

June  30, 1892. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

E.^KKIXGS. 

$2,108,470.43 

7, 790.  96G.  05 

4:i6,  091. 13 

205,  225.  CO 

933,  640.  32 

$2,102,911.87 

7,  544.  502. 18 

425, 241.  61 

197,478.10 

879,  071. 47 

$5,  558.  56 
246. 463.  87 
10,  849,  52 
7,  747,  50 
54,  568. 85 

Freight 

Mail 

Total 

11, 474, 393.  53 

11,149,205.23 

325, 188.  30 

EXPENSES. 

Maintenance  of  way  and  structures 

1,  710,  952.  29 

1,  799,  958. 42 

4, 117,  813.  32 

59a,  987. 23 

1,  494,  008.  71 

1,  560,  975.  37 

3,809,375*94 

972, 228.  29 

216,  943. 58 
238,  983. 05 
308, 437. 38 

$378, 241.  Off 

Total 

8,  222,  711.  26 

7,  836,  588. 31 

386, 122. 95 

3,  251,  681.  27 

3,312,616.92 

61.  005. 65> 

1,502.48 

1,  502,  48 

1 

$7,  343,  70 
5,  262.  GO 

$7,135,58 
5.  015. 48 

$208. 12 
247. 12 



2,081.10 

2, 120. 10 

39.  OC- 

Percentage  of  expenses  to  earnings 

71.66 

70.28 

.38 

MISSOUEIj  KANSAS,  AND   TEXAS  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 

This  company  was  organized.  April  7,  1870,  by  the  consolidation  or 
the  Union  Pacific  Southern  Branch,  the  Tebo  and  ISTeosho,  the  Labette 
and  Sedalia,  and  the  Neosho  Valley  and  Holden  railroad  companies,. 
The  St.  Lonis  and  Santa  Fe  Eailroad  was  purchased  at  foreclosure  sale 
April  29,  1872,  and  the  Hannibal  and  Central  Missouri  was  purchased- 
in  1873.  Default  in  the  i:)ayment  of  bond  interest,  due  June  1,  1888^ 
led  to  the  appointment,  by  the  United  States  court,  of  receivers  who> 
pending  reorganization,  had  possession  of  the  road  until  June  8,  1891,v 
On  July  1,  1891,  the  present  company  came  into  i^ossession  of  the- 
property. 

By  the  act  of  Congress  approved  March  3,  18G3,  there  were  granted 
to  the  Union  Pacific  Southern  Branch,  through  the  State  of  Kansas^ 
1,520,000  acres  of  land. 

Junction  City,  Kans.,  and  the  southern  boundary  of  Kansas,  and  to 
Fort  Smith  when  the  Indian  title  is  extinguished,  are  the  land-grant 
termini. 

The  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  show  that  to  June  30, 1893. 
there  had  been  patented  to  the  company  797,049.21  acres  of  land.  Tha 
records  of  the  General  Land  Office  also  show  that  5,700  acres  of  rail- 
road indemnity  lands,  located  in  Kansas,  have  been  restored  to  the 
public  domain. 

The  company  makes  no  report  of  the  operations  of  its  land  depart- 
ment. 

The  main  line  of  road  extends  from  Hannibal,  IMo.,  to  Houston,  Tex., 
a  distance  of  1,000.10  miles;  all  of  which,  except  that  part  of  the  line 
from  Whitesboro  to  Fort  Worth,  Tex.  (71.18  miles),  is  owned.  The 
company  also  owns  053.28  miles  of  branch  lines  and  leases  201.24  miles  j. 
a  total  of  1,783.41  miles  operated. 
Ab.  93 53 


834  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

The  amounts  expended  for  additions  and  betterments  to  railway  and 
for  construction,  during  tlie  year,  were  charged  to  operating  expenses. 
During  the  year,  14,857  tons  of  new  steel  rails  were  laid,  at  a  cost  of 
$460,578;  and  603,363  oak  cross  ties  placed  in  the  track,  at  a  cost  of 
$195,160. 

Steel  rails,  of  from  52  to  GQ  pounds  per  linear  yard,  have  been  laid 
on  1,544.93  miles  of  track.  The  average  number  of  cross-ties,  per  mile, 
is  3,000,  There  are  1,791  miles  of  barbed- wire  fencing.  The  road  is 
ballasted  with  282.55  miles  of  stone;  346.34  miles  of  gravel;  7,694  miles 
of  cinder,  and  876.37  miles  of  earth. 

The  equipment  consists  of  55  passenger,  161  freight,  and  19  switch- 
ing locomotives,  163  of  which  are  equipx)ed  with  Westinghouse  brakes. 
In  the  i^assenger  service  there  are  5  chair,  10  first-class,  1  mail,  10 
baggage,  and  10  express  cars;  a  total  of  42.  In  the  freight  service 
there  are  157  box,  34  coal,  51  flat,  22  refrigerator,  and  29  caboose  cars; 
total,  293.  In  the  road  and  miscellaneous  service  there  are  100  dump, 
gravel  and  construction,  and  3  boarding  cars. 

The  express  business  on  the  comi^any's  lines  is  transacted  by  the 
American  Express  Company  under  contract.  The  Wagner  Palace  Car 
Comx)any  runs  its  cars  over  the  company's  lines  on  a  mileage  basis. 
Contracts  and  agreements,  relative  to  transportation,  leases,  and  joint 
use  of  tracks,  have  been  entered  into  with  the  following  comj)anies: 
Wabash,  Texas  and  Pacific  and  Missouri  Pacific  Eailwaj'  .companies. 

The  following  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  company 
on  June  30,  1893: 


Eoad,  fixtures,  and  equipment $127.  606,  524. 00 

Real  estate,  other  than  road 1,  733. 50 

Land  contracts,  laud  cash,  etc 1, 027. 87 

Fuel,  material,  and  stores  on  hand 350,  6.>i.  91 

Bills' receivable 938.  00 

Accounts  receivable 536,  669. 17 

Due  from  other  companies  on  account  of  traffic 128,032.29 

Due  from  United  States  Post-Ofiice  Department 70,  064. 90 

Suspense  accounts .'^ 22,  058.  93 

Payment  for  equipment  purchased  by  receivers 437, 041. 40 

Cash  on  hand ." 567,  346. 41 

Total $129,722,091.38 

LIABILITIES. 

First-mortgage  bonds 44,  975,  000,  00 

Interest  on  same,  due  and  unpaid 140,  495.  00 

Interest  on  same  accrued,  not  due 300, 134. 14 

Other  funded  debt 20,  000,  000. 00 

Accounts  payable 1, 474, 137.  38 

Pay  rolls  and  vouchers 805,  777.  63 

Sundries 27,885.74 

Total 67,723,429.89 

Capital  stock 61,  770,  000,  00 

Total  stock  and  debt 129,  493,  429. 89 


Surplus 228,601.49 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     835 

Revenue  and  expenditures  for  the  year  ended  June  SO,  1893 

REVENUE. 

Earnings $10,358,191.24 

EXPEXDITURES. 

Operating  expenses  and  taxes $7,  810,  734. 80 

Interest  on  first-mortgage  bonds 1,  909,  443.  34 

Interest  on  other  funded  debt 450,000.00 

Total 10,170,178.14 

Surplus 218,013.10 

Comparative  slat4:ment  of  tJie  earninf/s  and  expenses  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas,  and  Texas 

ilailway  Company. 


Tear  ended- 


Jutie  30,1893.     June  30,1892, 


Difference. 


Increase. 


Decrease. 


EAHXINGS. 

Passenger 

Freight 

Mail 

Express 

Miscellaneous 

Total 

EXPENSES. 

Maintenance  of  way  and  structures 

Maintenance  of  equipment 

Conducting  transportation 

General  expenses 

Total 

Net  earnings 

Average  miles  operated 


$1, 806, 987.  31 

7,  876,  356.  80 

272,  96G.  57 

156,  595.  47 

185,  2S5.  09 


$1,  870, 269.  23 

7, 319, 911.  77 

273,  390.  20 

143, 159. 41 

143,  832.  99 


$26,  718. 08 
556, 445. 03 


13, 436.  06 
41,  452. 10 


10,  388, 191.  24         9,  750,  563.  60         037,  627.  64 


1,  092,  645.  21 

880, 839. 55 

3,  507,  710.  90 

1, 173, 833. 46 


7, 624, 029. 12 


1,  686,  933.  79 

674.  390. 24 

3,  658, 005. 33 

1, 298, 104. 39 


7, 317, 493. 75 


305,711.42 
215, 449.  31 


308, 535. 37 


2,764,162.12         2,433,069.85         331,092.27 


1,  783. 44 


1,  670.  37 


113. 07 


$423. 63 


90, 354. 43 
124,  270.  93 


$5, 824.  80 
4,  274.  90 

$5,837.36  1... 

$12. 56 
105  86 

4;  380.  76  ;... 

Xet  earnings  per  mile 

1, 549. 90 

1,456.60 

$93. 30 

Percentage  of  expenses  to  earnings 

73.39 

75.05    

1  66 

NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD   COMPANY. 

This  compauy  was  chartered  in  1864.  The  road  was  begim  in  July, 
1870,  and  opened  from  Ashland,  Wis.,  to  Portland,  Oregon,  September 
9,  1883. 

By  the  act  of  Congress  approved  July  2,  1864,  there  were  granted  to 
the  company  by  the  United  States,  47,000,000  acres  of  land  in  aid  of 
construction. 

Ashland,  Wis.,  and  Portland,  Oregon,  via  Tacoma,  Wash.;  Wallula 
Junction  and  Pasco  Junction  are  the  land-grant  termini. 

The  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  show  that,  to  June  30, 1893, 
there  had  been  patented  to  the  company: 

Acres. 

By  the  United  States,  direct 2,  224,  346. 13 

Through  the  State  of  Minnesota 1,534,699.28 

Through  the  State  of  North  Dakota 1,  4.53,  043. 66 

Through  the  State  of  Washington 151,  334, 00 

Total... 5,363,423.07 


836  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

The  records  of  tlie  General  Land  Office  also  show  that  8,946,400  acres 
of  railroad  indemnity  lands,  located  in  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  Dakota 
Montana,  Idaho,  Washington,  and  Oregon,  have  been  restored  to  the 
public  domain  5  and  that,  by  a  decision  of  the  Commissioner,  dated 
September  13,  188G,  affirmed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  32,400 
acres  of  the  grant,  located  in  Washington,  have  also  been  restored. 

The  report  of  tlie  company  shows  that,  to  June  30,  1893,  the  total 
number  of  acres  received  by  patent  was  2,028,527.50,  and  by  certifica- 
tion, 20,327,023.77;  a  total  of  22,356,201.27  acres.  There  had  been  dis- 
posed of  for  cash  8,386,588.03  acres;  the  total  cash  receipts  from  all  sales 
had  amounted  to  $32,719,974.14,  and  there  remained  outstanding,  on 
account  of  time  sales,  the  sum  of  $5,079,651.77,  principal  ?^nd  interest. 
The  receii)ts  of  the  land  department  for  the  year  amounted  to 
$1,660,224.66  and  the  expenses  to  $577,643.82. 

The  main  line  of  road  extends  from  Ashland,  Wis.,  to  Portland, 
Oregon,  and  from  Pasco  to  Wallula  Junction,  Wash.,  a  distance  of 
2,136.24  miles.  By  the  addition  of  branch  lines  and  sx)urs,  the  mileage 
is  increased  to  4,622.84.  There  are  also  686.60  miles  of  sidings,  or  a 
total  length  of  track  of  5,374.00  miles. 

The  ballast  consists  of  23  miles  of  stone,  1,276  miles  of  gravel,  97.60 
miles  of  cinder  and  the  remainder  of  earth.  The  fencing  against  stock 
amounted  to  1,833.33  miles  of  barbed  wire  and  board  fence,  and  the 
snow  fences  to  95.53  miles.  There  are  32  snow  sheds,  aggregating 
13,169  feet  in  length,  and  30  tunnels,  aggregating  28,338  feet  in  length. 

There  were  constructed  during  the  year  56.68  miles  of  branch  lines, 
and  there  were  placed  in  the  track  13,385.76  tons  of  steel  rails  and 
722,344  new  cross  ties.  The  expenditures  for  additions  and  better- 
ments to  the  railway  amounted  to  $1,034,420.56. 

The  equipment  consists  of  556  locomotives,  537  of  which  are  equipped 
with  Westinghouse  brakes;  26  dining,  50  sleeping,  69  first-class,  61 
second-class,  39  emigrant,  12  mail,  44  baggage,  25  express,  59  combina- 
tion, and  16  officers'  cars,  making  a  total  of  401  cars  in  the  passenger 
service,  all  of  which  are  equipped  with  Westinghouse  brakes  and 
Miller  i)latforms.  In  the  freight  service  there  are  7,380  box,  999  stock, 
2,008  coal,  3,869  flat,  6  tank,  2  ferry,  219  refrigerator,  30  fruit,  214  log- 
gingtruck,  and  324  caboose  cars,  making  a  total  of  15,051  cars  in  this 
service,  10,452  of  which  are  equipped  with  Westinghouse  brakes,  and 
4,295  with  Miller  platforms.  In  road  repair  service  there  are  95  board- 
ing, 16  wrecking,  12  dump,  gravel,  and  construction,  and  1,418  push 
and  hand  cars,  10  derricks,  16  steam  shovels,  and  7  snow  plows. 
There  were  added  to  the  equipment  during  the  year  9  passenger  and 
171  freight  and  miscellaneous  cars. 

Tlie  exi^ress  business  on  the  company's  line  of  road  is  transacted  by 
the  Northern  Pacific  Exi)ress  Company,  under  contract. 

Sleeping  cars  arc  owned  jointly  by  the  railroad  and  the  Pullman 
Palace  car  companies. 

Contracts  and  agreements  for  exchange  of  business  at  Wallula  and 
Tacoma  have  been  entered  into  with  the  Oregon  Eailway  and  Naviga- 
tion, the  Oregon  and  Washington,  the  Northern  Pacific  Steamship,  and 
the  Pacific  Coast  Stcamshi]:)  companies. 

Lease  for  use  of  tracks,  St.  Paul  to  Minneapolis,  and  at  Portland, 
and  for  use  of  depot  at  Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul,  have  been  granted 
to  the  Great  Northern  Railroad,  the  Northern  Pacific  Terminal,  the 
Minneapolis  Union  Railroad,  and  the  St.  Paul  Union  Depot  companies. 

A  contract  with  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company,  for  the 
building  and  joint  oi^eration  of  a  telegraph  line,  is  in  force. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     837 

Tlie  following'  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  company 
on  June  30,  1893 : 

LIABILITIES. 

Funded  debt $133,5^3,500.00 

Interest  on  same  due  July  1,  1893 1,  492,  760.  37 

Interest  on  same^  accrued,  not  due 621,  005.  00 

Rentals  due  July  1,  1893 228,640.00 

Rentals  and  taxes,  accrued,  not  due 414,  066. 41 

Deferred  payments  on  land  sales 2,  643,  085.  74 

Guaranty  to  branch  roads 594,  892.  04 

Dividenda  unpaid 7, 144.00 

Bills  payable 7,068,267.60 

Pay  rolls  and  vouchers 4,  393.606.61 

Suspense  account 4,  764. 14 

Total  debt $151,013,731.91 

Capital  stock 85,140,131.42 

Total  stock  and  debt 236,153,863.33 

ASSETS. 

Cost  of  road  and  fixtures 188,  935,  84  6.  85 

Cost  of  equipment 21,  930,  407.  78 

Fuel,  material,  and  stores  on  hand 1,366,496.69 

Cash  on  hand 1,144,482.01 

Stocks  and  bonds 17,  469,  716.  01 

Contingent  assets 824,  041. 19 

Cash  in  hands  of  trustee 203,  886.  22 

Deferred  payments  on  account  of  land  sales 5,  079,  651.  77 

Bills  receivable 193,  544.  94 

Accounts  receivable 6,  832, 189.  43 

Due  from  other  companies  on  account  of  traffic 187, 120.  27 

Cash  in  hands  of  trustees'  sinking  fund 50.5,  271.57 

Total  assets 244,672,754.73 

Surplus 8,518,891.40 

Bevenue  and  expenditures  for  the  year  ended  June  SO,  1803. 

REVEXUE. 

Earnings $24,13.5,186.03 

Dividends  on  stocks  of  other  companies 684,  .509.  40 

Interest  on  bonds  of  other  companies 133,  460.  63 

Profits  on  miscellaneous  investments 420,  267. 17 

Receipts  of  the  land  department  applicable  to  sinking 
fund 704,251.00 

Total $26,077,674.23 

EXPENDITURES. 

Operating  expenses 14,  621,  466.  47 

Interest  on  funded  debt 7,  092, 159.  72 

Interest  on  other  debt 499,  715. 57 

Advances  to  subsidiary  lines 1,  053,  866.  62 

Rentals 1,962,078.19 

Taxes 462,  340.  26 

Other  deductions 157,  765. 11 

Sinking-fund  requirements 1, 117,  537.  97 

Total 26,966,929.91 

Deficit 889,255.68 


838 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Comparative  statement  of  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the  Xorthcrn  Paeific  Railroad 

Company. 


Passenger 

Freight 

Mail 

Express 

Miscellaneous 


Total  , 


EXPENSES. 

Maintenance  of  'vray  and  structures 

Maintenance  of  equipment 

Conducting  transportation 

General  cxj)onses  and  taxes 


Total 

Net  earnings 

Average  miles  operated. 


Earnings  per  mile  . 
Expenses  per  mile . 


Net  earnings  per  mile 

Percentages  of  expenses  to  earnings 


Tear  ended — 


June  30, 1803.      June  30, 1892 


$5, 8G4,  669. 18 

16,818,091.38 

538, 129. 02 

300,  726. 70 

332,  492. 40 


23, 920, 108.  68 


3,711,561.12 
2, 342, 947.  29 
0,  773, 147.  87 
2,  lOG,  455.  61 


14, 934,  111.  89 


$6, 257, 366.  74 

17, 207,  329. 85 

529,  Oil.  00 

382,  070. 79 

285,  679. 11 


U,  661, 457. 49 


3,  782,  731. 19 
2, 014, 413. 26 
6,  874,  356. 05 
1,  905,  849. 22 


14,  577,  349. 72 


8,  985, 996.  79 


4, 494.  84 


10,  084, 107. 77 


4,411.90 


$5,321.68 
3,  322.  50 


1,  999. 18 


62.  43 


$5,  589.  76 
3,  304. 09 


2,  285. 67 


59.11 


Difference. 


Increase.         Decrease, 


9, 118. 02 


46, 813. 29 


328,  534  03 


200, 606. 39 


$392,  697.  56 
389,238.47 


15,  344.  09 


741,  348.  81 


71, 170. 07 


101,208.18 


356, 762. 17 


$18.41 


3.32 


1, 098, 110. 98 


$268. 03 


OREGON  AND  CALIFORNIA  RAILROAD  COMPANY. 


(southern  tacific  company.) 

This  company  was  cliartered  March  17,  1870,  as  a  successor  of  the 
Oregon  Central  Eaikoad  Companj^,  of  Salem,  which  was  organized 
April  22,  18G7.  The  main  line,  from  Portland  to  Koseburg,  199  miles, 
was  opened  December  5,  1872.  The  road  is  leased  for  forty  years  from 
July  1,  1887,  to  the  Southern  Pacific  Company,  which  pays  the  interest 
on  the  company's  bonds  and  all  current  fixed  charges ;  also,  if  earned, 
dividends  up  to  7  per  cent  on  preferred  and  6  per  cent  on  common 
stock,  the  surplus  over  those  payments  to  be  retained  by  the  lessee. 

By  the  acts  of  Congress  approved  May  4,  1870,  and  July  25,  1866, 
there  were  granted  by  the  United  States,  to  aid  in  the  construction  of 
this  road,  4,700,000  acres  of  land.  Eoseville  Junction,  CaL,  and  Port- 
land, Oregon,  are  the  land-grant  termini. 

The  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  show  that  to  June,  30, 1893, 
there  had  been  patented  to  the  company  614,549.30  acres.  The  records 
of  the  General  Land  Office  also  show  that  to  the  same  date  810,880 
acres  of  the  grant  of  July  25,  1866,  and  the  whole  of  the  grant  of  May 
4, 1870  (1,200,000  acres),  had  been  forfeited  by  the  company,  and  that 
1,800,000  acres  of  raikoad  indemnity  lands,  located  in  Oregon,  had 
been  restored  to  the  x)ublic  domain. 

The  report  of  the  company  shows  that  to  June  30, 1893,  the  total 
number  of  acres  received  by  patent  was  323,068.08;  that  the  total  cash 
receipts  from  all  sales  had  amounted  to  $859,477.34,  and  that  there 
remained  outstanding  on  account  of  time  sales  the  sum  of  $801,923.64, 
principal  and  interest.  The  receipts  of  the  land  department  for  the 
year  were  $73,940.55,  and  the  expenses  $75,570.07. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     839 

The  main  line  of  this  road  extends  from  Portland,  Oregon,  to  the 
California  State  line,  a  distance  of  36G.80  miles,  and  forms  part  of  the 
through  line  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Company  to  San  Francisco.  Branch 
lines  extend  from  Portland  to  Corvallis,  96.50  miles;  from  Albany  Junc- 
tion to  Lebanon,  11.50  miles;  and  from  Woodburn  to  I^ratrou,  92.70 
miles.  There  are  41.G9  miles  of  sidings  on  the  main  line  and  22.35 
miles  of  sidings  on  the  branch  lines.  The  total  length  of  track  owned 
and  operated  is  631.54  miles. 

Steel  rails  are  laid  upon  516.89  miles  and  iron  rails  upon  78.80  miles 
of  track.  There  are  131.22  miles  of  barbed  wire  and  board  fencing. 
The  average  number  of  cross-ties  per  mile  is  2,806.  There  were  288 
tons  of  new  steel  rails  laid  during  the  year  at  a  cost  of  $13,214.82;  and 
195,510  new  fir  cross-ties  placed  in  the  track  at  a  cost  of  $45,117. 

The  cost  of  additions  and  betterments  to  railway  during  the  year 
amounted  to  $10,352.08,  and  to  rolling  stock,  $2,868.64. 

The  assessed  valuation  of  roadway,  Ijridges,  track,  bnildings,  etc.,  for 
taxation  is  $2,549,618,  and  of  rolling  stock  and  equipment,  $352,050.40. 

The  equipment  consisted  of  51  locomotives,  49  of  which  were  equipiDed 
with  Westinghouse  brakes.  In -the  i)assenger  service  there  were  6 
sleeping,  32  first-class,  2  second-class,  9  mail,  baggage,  and  exi^ress,  9 
baggage,  3  express,  and  3  combination  cars;  total,  64,  all  of  which  are 
equipped  with  Westinghouse  brakes  and  Miller  platforms.  In  the 
freight  service  there  were  444  box,  22  stock,  8  furniture,  314  flat,  50 
combination,  23  fruit,  and  14  caboose  cars;  total 875.  Of  this  number 
262  are  equipped  with  Westinghouse  brakes,  and  23  with  Miller  plat- 
form.s.  In  the  road  and  miscellaneous  service  there  were  1  derrick  ten- 
der, 2  pile-drivers,  1  station  and  33  dump  cars. 

The  following  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  company 
on  June  30,  1893 : 

LIABILITIES. 

First  mortgage  bonds $17, 045, 000. 00 

Dividencls  unpaid 2,045.73 

Accounts  payable 287,011.16 

Income  for  redemption  of  bonds 489,  998. 99 

Total  debt $17,824,055.88 

Capital  stock 19,  000,  000.  00 

Total  stock  and  debt 30,824,058.88 

ASSETS. 

Road,  fixtures,  and  equipment 35,  037, 145. 81 

Real  estate,  other  than  road 37,  786.  67 

Land  contracts,  land  cash,  etc 670,  984.  26 

Cash  on  hand 10.  62 

Sinking  fund  in  hand  of  trustees — company 51, 178. 47 

Bills  receivable 744.00 

Accounts  receivable 18, 158. 70 

Total 35,816,008.53 

Deficit 1,008,047.35 

JRevenue  and  expenditures  for  the  year  ended  June  SO,  1S93. 

EEVEXUE. 

Receipts  of  the  land  department $105,316.72 

Miscellaneous 678.  42 

Transferred  to  debit  of  income  for  redemption  of  bonds  51,  087.  22 

Total 157,082.36 


840 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


EXPENDITURES. 


Net  loss  in  operation  under  lease  in  year  ended  De- 
cember 31, 1892 $441,180.14 

Interest 24,  750.  00 

Expenses  of  the  land  department 75,  570.  07 

Sundry  expenses 4,  328.  02 

Total $545,828.23 

Deficit 388,745.87 

Comparative  statement  of  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  Oregon  and  California  Eailroad 

Company. 


Tear  ended— 

Difference. 

June  30, 1893. 

June  30, 1892. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

EARNINGS. 

Passen^scer 

$1,  015,  562. 27 

839,  448.  36 

90, 124.  20 

41,035.84 

23,  917. 01 

$1,  037,  773.  78 

902,  351.  41 

89,  274. 00 

40;  431.  67 

28,  691. 80 

$22  211.51 

62, 903. 05 

^^if                             

$850.  2G 
604. 17 

4, 774.  79 

Totil                                         .     .  -  - 

2,  010,  087. 74 

2,008,522.66 

88, 434.  92 

EXPENSES. 

Maintenance  of  way  and  structures 

554,  389.  35 
153,  254.  93 
614,201.54 
207,  621.  41 

619,912.27 

188,194.70 
714,  616.  34 
199,  857.  36 

65,  522. 92 

34,  939.  77 

100, 414. 80 

7,  764.  05 

Total     

1,529,467.23 

1,722,580.67 

193, 113. 44 

480,  620.  51 

375,  941.  99 

104, 678. 52 

567. 50 

564. 93 

2.57 

3,  542.  CO 
2, 095.  09 

3,714.66 
3,049.19 

172. 66 

354. 10 

840.  91 

6G5. 47 

181.44 

Percentage  of  expenses  to  earnings 

70.09  1                S2.  na 

5.99 

ST.   JOSEPH  AND   GRAND  ISLAND  RAILROAD   COMPANY. 


(UNION  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  COMPANY.) 

Tbis  company  is  a  consolidation  of  tlie  St.  Joseph  and  Marysville 
and  the  Grand  Island  and  Marysville  Eailroad  Companies,  organized  in 
the  States  of  Kansas  and  Nebraska.  The  x^roperty  of  the  company 
includes  the  St.  Joseph  Bridge  Building  Company's  bridge  at  St. 
Joseph  and  the  entire  line  between  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  and  Grand  Island, 
Nebr. 

By  the  act  of  Congress  approved  July  23, 1866,  there  were  granted 
to  the  St.  Joseph  and  Denver  City  Railroad  Company  (St.  Joseph  and 
Marysville),  through  the  State  of  Kansas,  to  aid  in  the  construction  of 
the  road,  1,700,000  acres  of  land.  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  and  Grand  Island, 
E'ebr.,  are  the  land-grant  termini.  The  records  of  the  General 
Land  Office  show  that,  to  June  30,  1893,  there  had  been  patented  to 
the  company  462,573.21  acres. 

The  company  makes  no  report  of  the  operations  of  its  land  depart- 
ment. The  property  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  a  receiver  in  1874,  and 
the  road  sold  in  foreclosure  IS'ovembcr,  1875.     Of  the  land  grant,  300.000 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     841 

acres  were  placed  in  the  hands  of  trustees,  for  the  benefit  of  the  holders 
of  land  scrip. 

The  main  line  of  the  road  extends  from  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  to  Grand 
Island,  Nebr.,  a  distance  of  251.00  miles.  Since  January  1,  1890,  it  has 
been  operated  as  a  part  of  the  Union  Pacific  system,  the  latter  com- 
pany having  a  proprietary  interest  in  the  ownership  of  $2,301,500  of 
the  capital  stock.  The  former  company,  first  applying  its  net  earnings 
and  income,  is  guaranteed  by  the  latter  company  a  fixed  income. 

The  entire  road  is  laid  with  steel  rails.  Two  hundred  and  sixty  tons 
of  new  rails  were  laid  during  the  year,  at  a  cost  of  §8,737;  and  73,282 
oak  cross  ties  placed  in  the  track,  at  a  cost  of  $39,572.35. 

The  equipment  consists  of  13  passenger,  12  freight,  and  1  switching 
locomotives,  25  of  which  are  equipped  with  Westinghouse  brakes.  In 
the  passenger  service  there  are  6  first-class,  6  baggage,  5  combination, 
and  1  officers'  cars ;  total,  18.  In  the  freight  service  there  are  483  box,  90 
stock,  41  coal,  25  llat,  and  12  caboose  cars;  total,  651.  In  the  road  and 
miscellaneous  service  there  are  1  derrick,  2  snow-plows,  2  boarding,  37 
hand,  and  37  push  cars. 

The  express  business  on  the  company's  lines  is  transacted  by  the 
Pacific  Express  Company;  and  the  telegraph  business  by  the  Western 
Union  Company. 

Sundry  contracts  and  agreements,  relative  to  terminal  facilities, 
leases,  interchange  of  traffic,  and  joint  use  of  tracks,  have  been  entered 
into  with  other  companies,  as  follows:  St.  Joseph  Terminal  Eailroad 
Company;  St.  Joseph  Union  Depot  Company;  Union  Pacific  Kail  way 
Company  and  Kansas  City  and  Omaha  Eailroad  Company;  Kansas 
City,  Wyandotte  and  Northwestern  Eailroad  Company. 

The  following  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  com- 
pany on  June  30,  1893 : 

LIABILITIES. 

First-mortgage  bonds $6,998,000.00 

Interest  on  same,  cine  and  accrued 6,  815.  00 

Interest  on  same,  accrued,  not  due 70,  000.  00 

Certificates  for  first-mortgage  bonds 21, 126.  57 

Other  funded  debt 1,679,000.00 

Interest  on  same,  due  and  unpaid 530.  00 

Certificates  for  second-mortgage  bonds 23,  279. 17 

Accounts  payable 419,360.63 

Construction  contract,  Kansas  City  and  Omaha  Rail- 
road Company 82,  600.  00 

Total 9,300,711.37 

Capital  stock 4,  600,  000.  00 

Total  stock  and  debt $13,900,711.37 

ASSETS. 

Road,  fixtures,  and  equipment 13,  244,  266.  33 

Stocks  and  bonds  owned  by  company 97,  800.  00  ' 

Accounts  receivable 194,  2;!5.  40 

Trustees  equipment  and  iuiprovoment  fund 12,  231.  32 

Total .♦ 13,548,533.05 

Deficit 352, 178.  32 


842 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Revenue  and  expenditures  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1895. 


REVENUE. 


Earuinga. $1,103,656.11 

Interest  on  company's  bonds 120. 00 

Discount  and  interest 3,  074.37 

Profit  and  lose 57,595.62 


Total - $1,164,446.10 


EXPEXDITURES. 


Operating  expenses 

Taxes 

Interest  on  first-mortgage  bonds 

Sliscellaneous  expenses 

Kansas  City  and  Omaha  Railroad  guaranty. 

New  construction 

New  equipment 


698,  560. 35 

59,  542.  37 

420,  000. 00 

2,  880.  50 

61,  091.  29 

2,  849.  57 

700.00 


Total 1,245,624.08 


Deficit. 


81, 177. 98 


Comparaiivc  statement  of  tire  earnings  and  expenses  of  tlie  St.  Josepli  and  Grand  Island 

liailroad  Companij. 


Tear  ended— 

Difference. 

June  30, 1893. 

June  30, 1892. 

Inereaae. 

Decrease. 

EARNINGS. 

$187, 178.  44 

833, 017.  97 

26,  686. 20 

15,751.62 

41,021.88 

$174,  430.  54 
741,081.98 
26,  086.  20 
14,  S03.  65 
33,  506.  98 

$12,  747. 90 
91, 935. 99 

Mail 

847. 97 
7, 454.  90 

Total    ...                   

1, 103, 056. 11 

990,  CG9.  35 

112,  986.  76 

EXPENSES. 

146,  514.  28 
84,  690.  32 
354,  922. 74 
171,  966. 38 

175,  270. 12 

100,  o:;9. 30 

300,  Gil.  77 
124, 407. 16 

$28,  755,  84 

15,  939.  98 

54,  310.  97 
47, 559. 22 

Total          

758, 102.  72 

700, 928. 35 

57, 174. 37 

345,  553. 39 

289,  741. 00 

55,  812. 39 

251. 06 

251. 06 

$4, 395.  99 
3,  019.  CO 

$3,  945. 94 
2, 791.  87 

$450. 05 
227. 73 

1,370.39 

1, 154. 07 

222. 32 

Perceutage  of  expenses  to  earnings 

68.69 

70.75 

2.06 

SAINT   LOUIS,   IRON    MOUNTAIN  AND    SOUTHERN  RAILWAY   COMPANY 

(missouki  pacific  railway  company.) 

This  compauy  was  organized  by  tlie  consolidation,  May  6, 1874,  of  the 
St.  Louis  and  Iron  Mountain,  the  Arkansas  Branch,  the  Cairo  and 
Fulton  and  the  Cairo,  Arkansas,  and  Texas  Railroad  companies.  The 
main  line,  which  extends  from  ^t.  Louis,  Mo.,  to  Texarkana,  Tex., 
was  opened  in  1874.  In  1881  the  Missouri  Pacific  Eaihyay  Company 
acquired  the  ownersliiiJ  of  the  property. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     843 

By  tlie  act  of  Congress  approved  February  9, 1853,  there  were  granted 
to  the  Cairo  and  Fulton  EaOroad,  through  the  States  of  Missouri  and 
Arkansas,  1,178,411.05  acres  of  land,  all  of  which  has  been  patented  to 
the  company. 

The  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  fail  to  show  a  grant  of  land 
to  any  other  of  the  roads  named  above;  but,  under  "  forfeitures"  (Laud 
Office  Eeport,  1888,  p.  109)  it  is  stated  that  "  by  the  act  of  June  28, 1881, 
the  grant  to  the  Iron  Mountain  of  601,600  acres,  from  Pilot  Knob,  Mo., 
to  Helena,  was  forfeited,  and  10,000  acres  of  railroad  indemnity  lands, 
locnted  in  Missouri,  and  5,000  acres,  located  iu  Arkansas,  have  been 
restored." 

Under  this  head,  Poor's  Manual  of  the  Railroads  of  the  United  States 
(1875-'76,  p. 615)  contains  the  following:  "  The  company  (St.  Louis, Iron 
Mountain  and  Southern)  is  in  possession  of  a  land  grant  from  the 
United  States  Government,  under  acts  of  June  10,  1852,  and  February 
9,  1853,  estimated  to  amount,  in  Missouri  to  388,540  acres,  and  in 
Arkansas  to  1,415,408  acres." 

The  company  reports  upon  the  operations  of  its  laud  department  in 
two  divisions,  namely,  the  Arkansas  and  Missouri  divisions.  The 
report  shows  that  the  land  acquired  by  these  two  divisions,  was 
1,392,933.50  acres,  all  of  which  had  been  patented  to  the  company. 

The  gross  cash  receipts  from  all  sales  of  laud  to  date,  were  (partly  esti- 
mated) $2,636,284.60,  and  the  amount  outstanding  on  account  of  time 
sales,  8299,224.01. 

The  receipts  of  the  laud  department  during  the  year  amounted  to 
$133,703.93  and  the  expenses  to  $53,422.26. 

There  have  been  sold  from  the  grant  725,025.36  acres. 

The  main  line  of  this  road  extends  from  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  to  Texarkana, 
Ark.,  a  distance  of  489.78  miles.  The  company  also  owns  and  leases 
1,280.37  miles;  a  total  of  1,770.15  miles  oi)erated.  There  are  10.27  miles 
of  double  track,  and  359.61  miles  of  sidings.  Steel  rails  of  from  52  to 
76  pounds  per  yard,  are  laid  on  1,584.10  miles  of  track;  the  average 
number  of  rails  per  mile  being  2,828.  There"  were  3,958  tons  of  new  rails 
laid  during  the  year  at  a  cost  of  $136,796.78,  and  873,422  new  oak  cross- 
ties  placed  in  the  track,  at  a  cost  of  $291,365.36.  There  are  1,471  miles 
of  barbed- wire  fencing.  There  are  39.97  miles  of  track  is  ballasted  with 
stone,  418.59  miles  with  gravel,  77.51  miles  with  cinder,  and  1,234.08  miles 
with  earth.  Additions  and  betterments  to  railway  and  equipment  were 
eftected  through  expense  accounts,  no  separate  improvement  account 
being  kept.  The  equipment  consists  of  44  passenger,  91  freight,  and  39 
switching  locomotives,  all  equipped  with  Westiughouse  brakes.  In 
the  ijassenger  service,  there  are  31  first-class,  20  second-class,  10 
mail,  41  baggage  and  express,  12  combination,  and  3  officers'  cars; 
total  117,  all  equipped  with  Westiughouse  brakes  and  Miller  platforms 
The  freight  service  consists  of  2,239  box,  373  stock,  810  coal,  481  flat, 
110  refrigerator,  and  113  caboose  cars ;  total  4,126.  In  the  road  and 
miscellaneous  service  there  are  4  derricks,  7  dump,  20  boarding,  11 
wrecking,  334  hand,  and  317  push  cars. 

The  express  business  on  the  company's  line  of  road  is  transacted  by 
the  Pacific  Express  Company,  under  contract  dated  May  1,  1886,  the 
railroad  company  receiving  a  percentage  of  the  gross  earnings. 

The  Pullman  Palace  Car  Company  runs  its  sleeping  cars  under  con- 
tract, dated  November  1, 1886,  on  a  mileage  basis. 

The  telegraph  business  is  transacted  by  the  Western  Union  Com- 
pany, under  contract. 

This  company  leases  the  Little  Eock  and  Fort  Smith  Eailway,  one  of 


844  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

the  original  roads  coming  under  the  jurisdiction  of  this  bureau,  the 
earnings  and  expenses  of  which  are  merged  with  those  pf  the  lessee 
company. 

By  the  act  approved  February  9,  1853,  tliere  were  granted  to  the 
Little  Kock  and  Fort  Smith  Railway  Company  1,100,000  acres  of  land. 
The  records  of  the  General  Laud  Office  show  that  to  June  30,  1893, 
there  had  been  patented  to  the  company  1,057,647.55  acres.  The  lessee 
company  makes  a  separate  report  of  the  operations  of  the  land  depart- 
ment of  the  Little  Eock  and  Fort  Smith  Eailway  Company  as  follows: 
Total  number  of  acres  acquired  by  United  States  patent,  1,057,762.79; 
the  number  of  acres  sold  from  the  grant,  528,858.18;  the  total  cash 
receipts  from  all  sales,  to  date,  $659,074.98,  and  the  amount  outstand- 
ing on  account  of  time  sales,  8328,517.32;  the  receipts  during  the 
year  were  $41,196.03,  and  the  expenses  $28,715.61. 

The  following  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  com- 
pany on  June  30, 1893 : 

ASSETS. 

Eoad,  fixtures  and  equipment $63,  597,  030.  03 

Real  estate  other  than  road 525,894.89 

Laud  contracts,  land  cash,  etc 2,  084,  069.  30 

Company's  stocks  and  bonds  owned  by  company, 
other  stocks  and  bonds  and  miscellaneous  invest- 
ments    8,655,925.01 

Bills  receivable 25,  872,  64 

Accounts  receivable 927,  956.  05 

Cash  on  hand 13,402.72 

Total $75,830,150.64 

LIABILITIES. 

Funded  debt 42,302,376.21 

Interest  on  same,  due  and  unpaid 239,  067. 16 

Interest  on  same,  accrued,  not  due 507,  505.  70 

Bills  payable 572,487.39 

Accounts  payable 2,  565,  947. 97 

Total  debt ' 46,187,384.43 

Capital  stock 25,788,925.00 

Total  stock  and  debt 71,976,309.43 

Surplus 3,853,841.21 

Eevenue  and  expenditures  for  the  year  ended  June  SO,  1893. 

REVENUE. 

Earnings $12,  402,  .529.  89 

Dividends  on  stocks  of  other  companies 1,  340. 00  • 

Interest  on  bonds  of  other  companies 1,  750.  00 

Discount  and  premium 9, 548.  28 

Sundry  amounts 24,  215. 44 

Total $12,439,383.61 

EXPENDITURES. 

Operating  expenses,  rentals  and  taxes 9,  312,  929.  73 

Interest  on  funded  debt 2,339,884.58 

Interest  on  other  debt 18,  805. 19 

Expenses  of  traffic  association 6, 159. 10 

Compensation  retained  bv  United  States  on  account 

of  land  grant .' 14, 188.  03 

Sundry  amounts 150,  709.  95 

Total Il,842,676.i58 

Surplus 596,707.03 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


845 


Comparative  statement  of  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  and 
Southern  Railivay  Company. 


Tear  ended— 

Difference. 

June  30, 1893. 

June  30, 1892. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

EARNINGS. 

$2, 175,  540.  72 

9,  3;!8,  839. 71 

287,  979.  54 

257,  9G2. 39 

342, 207. 53 

$2, 104,  729. 34 

8,  690, 487. 22 

278, 439.  06 

225. 236. 32 

310, 190. 02 

$70, 811.  38 

648,  352.  49 

9,  540. 48 

32,  726. 07 

32,017.51 

Freight 

Mail                           -  -            

Total 

12,  402,  529. 89 

11,  609,  081.  90 

793.  447.  93 

EXPENSES. 

Maintenance  of  way  and  structures 

2,061,417.69 

1,479,253.20 

4,501,187.12 

599,  964. 20 

1,995,612.71 

1.  355,  023.  48 

4,199.919.70 

565, 237. 45 

65,  774. 98 
124,  229.  72 
301,  2G7.  36 

34,  726. 75 

Xotal                 

8, 641,  822. 21 

8, 115,  823. 40 

525, 998. 81 

3,  760,  707.  68 

3, 493, 258.  56 

267, 449. 12 

1,770.15 

1,  641. 12 

128. 93 

Earnings  per  mile 

Expenses  per  mile 

$7,  006.  48 
4,  881.  97 

$7,  073.  87 
4,  945. 22 

$67. 39 

63.25 

Net  earnings  per  mile 

2, 124.  51 

2, 128.  65 

4.14 

Percentage  of  expenses  to  earnings 

69.67 

69.91 

0.24 

ST.  LOUIS  AND   SAN  FRANCISCO  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 

(ATCHISOX,   TOPEKA  and   SANTA  FE   RAILROAD   COMPANY.) 

This  company  is  tlie  successor  to  the  Southwest  Brancli  of  the  Pacific 
Eaih'oad  of  Missouri,  chartered  December  25,  1852.  (For  history,  see 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  and  Missouri  Pacific  railway  companies.) 

The  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  show  that  by  the  act  of  June 
10,  1852,  there  were  granted  to  the  Southwest  Branch  of  the  Pacific 
Eailroad  of  Missouri  1,101,235.07  acres  of  laud,  of  which  728,949.36 
acres  had  been  x)atented  to  June  30,  1893. 

The  company  has  failed  to  make  any  rei)ort  of  the  operations  of  its 
land  department. 

The  main  line  of  the  road  extends  from  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  to  Seneca, 
Mo.,  a  distance  of  320.28  miles.  There  are  various  branches  in  Mis- 
souri, Arkansas,  and  Kansas,  aggregating  719.91  miles  in  length,  mak- 
ing a  total  of  1,040.19  miles  owned.  The  company  also  leases  281.98 
mSes  of  branch  lines;  a  total  of  1,328.17  miles  owned,  leased,  and  oper- 
ated. There  are  79.19  miles  of  sidings  on  the  main  line  and  135.18 
miles  on  the  branches.  Steel  rails  are  laid  upon  1,350.15  miles  of  track 
and  iron  rails  upon  192.41  miles. 

During  the  past  year  2,930  tons  of  steel  rails  were  laid,  at  a  cost  of 
$98,783.98,  and  506,885  new  cross  ties  placed  in  the  track,  at  a  cost  of 
$153,583.07.  The  exi)enditures  for  additions  and  betterments  to  the 
railway  amounted  to  8147,939.83  and  for  new  equipment  to  $324,679.50. 

The  equipment  consists  of  195  locomotives,  23  chair,  one-half  interest 
in  7  sleeping,  23  first-class,  26  second-class,  34  baggage,  mail  and 
express,  26  combination  and  3  officers'  cars,  making  a  total  of  126  cars 
in  the  passenger  service.     In  the  freight  service  there  are  2,413  box, 


846  PAPEES   ACCOilPANYING    THE 

901  stock,  2,0G0  coal,  17  flat,  60  sliort  mining,  1  furniture,  50  refiMgera- 
tor  and  94  caboose  cars,  making  a  total  of  5,596  cars  in  this  service. 
In  road-repair  service  tliere  are  1  wrecking,  3  derrick,  3  boarding  and 
163  dump,  gravel,  and  construction  cars. 

Tlie  express  business  on  tlie  company's  line  of  road  is  transacted  by 
Wells,  Fargo  «&  Co.,  under  contract. 

Seeping  cars  are  run  by  tlie  Pullman  Palace  Car  Company  on  a 
mileage  basis. 

The  following  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  comi)any 
on  June  30,  1893: 

LIABILITIES. 

Fh-st-mortgage  bonds $42, 686,  300. 00 

Interest  on  same,  duo  and  accrued 627,  944.  00 

Interest  on  same,  accrued,  not  due 382,  867. 89 

Bonds  retired  and  canceled 1,  586,  000.  00 

Bills  paval)lo 448,  6.51. 44 

Accounts  payable 2,261,481.09 

Pay  rolls  and  voucbers 19,  967. 93 

Due  other  companies  on  account  of  traffic 47,  209.  63 

Total  debt $48,060,421.98 

Capital  stock 50,000,000.00 

Total  stock  and  debt 98,060,421.98 

ASSETS. 

Eoad,  fixtures,  and  equipment 66,  773,  504.  66 

Fuel,  material,  and  stores  on  band 411,  854.  60 

Cash  on  band 438,163.28 

Company's  stocks  and  bonds  owned  by  company 23,  640,  700.  00 

Otberstocks  and  bonds 4,382,002.21 

Miscellaneous  investments 430, 157. 88 

Bills  and  accounts  receivable 5,  859,  873. 53 

Due  from  otber  companies  on  account  of  traffic 29, 498. 57 

Suspense  accounts 317,  914. 48 

Total 102,283,669.21 

Surplus 4,223,217.23 

Ecvenue  and  ex])endiiurcs  for  the  year  ended  June  SO,  1S93. 

KE  VENUE. 

Earnings $7,542,657.73 

Profits  on  stocks,  bonds,  and  miscellaneous  invest- 
ments    162,096.9.' 

Total $7,704,754.66 

EXPEXDITUKES. 

Operating  expenses  and  taxes 4, 778, 489. 03 

Interest  on  finided  debt 2,430,799.15 

Other  deductions 11,  546.  90 

Total 7,220,835.08 

Surplus 483,919.58 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


847 


Comparaiive  statement  of  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  tlie  St.  Louis  and  San  Francisco 

Eailway  Comjyanrj. 


Tear  ended— 

DifTercnee. 

Jnno  30, 1893. 

June  30, 1892. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

EAENINGS. 

$1,415,509.29 

5, 407,  539.  67 

181.  009.  04 

192,  111.  64 

346, 488. 09 

$1,380,066.01 

5,  021,  458.  35 

180, 951. 11 

132,  509. 08 

338,  243.  65 

$35. 443. 28 

380,  081. 32 

57.93 

59, 002.  56 

8, 244. 44 

Mail"     

Total    

7,  542, 657. 73 

7,053,228.20 

489,429.53 

EXPENSES. 

827, 090. 82 

717,  976.  66 

2,  396.  496.  08 

836,924.87 

746,  310. 69 

702,  286.  66 

2,  095,  570. 27 

798, 756. 73 

80,  780. 13 

15. 690. 00 

300,  920. 41 

38, 108. 14 

Total 

4, 778, 489. 03 

4,  342,  924. 35 

435,  504.  C8 

2, 764, 163.  70 

2,  710, 303. 85 

53,864.85  j 

1,  328. 17 

1,  328. 17 

.     -J 

1 

$5, 078.  98 
3,  597.  80 

$5,  310. 49 
3,269.86 

$308. 49 
327.  94 

Net  eai'iiings  per  mile ,. 

2, 081. 18 

2,  040.  63 

40.55 

Percentage  of  exi^enses  to  earnings 

63.25 

01.57 

1.74 

ST.  PAUL  AINDD  DULUTH  EAILEOAD  COMPANY. 

This  company  is  successor,  by  reorgauization,  to  tlie  Lake  Superior 
and  Mississippi  Railroad  Coiupauy.  The  original  charter  under  which 
the  road  was  built  was  granted  to  the  Nebraska  and  Lake  Superior 
Railroad  Company  May  23,  1857,  the  terminal  points  of  that  line  beiug 
the  west  end  of  Lake  Superior  and  the  Nebraska  line.  By  amenda- 
tory act  of  JNIarch  8,  1801,  the  name  was  changed  to  Lake  Superior  and 
Mississippi  Railroad  Gomiiany,  the  route  being  at  the  same  lime 
changed  so  as  to  termiuate  at  the  Mississippi  River,  with  a  right  to 
extend  to  the  Minnesota  River;  the  construction  of  a  branch  line  to 
the  St.  Croix  River  was  also  authorized. 

By  the  acts  of  Congress  approved  May  5,  18Gl,.and  July  13, 1886, 
there  were  gTanted  to  the  company,  through  the  State  of  Minnesota, 
920,000  acres  of  land.  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  and  Duluth,  Minn.,  are  the 
land -grant  termini. 

The  records  of  the  General  Laud  Office  show  that,  to  June  30,  1893, 
there  had  been  patented  to  the  company  828,581  acres  of  land.  The 
records  of  the  General  Land  Ofiice  also  show  that  8,000  acres  of  rail- 
road indemnity  lands  belonging  to  the  comi)any,  located  in  Minnesota, 
had  been  restored  to  the  public  domain. 

The  company  reports  that  to  June  30,  1893,  it  had  received  from  the 
United  States  816,083.55  acres  and  from  the  State  of  Minnesota  690,333 
acres,  making  a  total  of  1,500,416.55  acres  of  land;  that  413,236.41 
acres  had  been  sold,  the  total  cash  receipts  from  all  sources  amounting 
to  $1,947,982.74;  and  that  there  remained  outstanding,  on  account  of 
time  sales,  the  sum  of  $117,693.65. 

The  main  line  of  this  road  extends  from  St.  Paul  to  Duluth,  Minn.,  a 
distance  of  155  miles.  The  company  also  owns  28.50  miles  and  leases 
63.94  miles  of  branch  lines,  making  a  total  of  239.24  miles  operated. 


848  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

That  portion  of  the  line  between  Carlton  ancl  Dulutli,  23.50  miles  in 
length  is  owned  jointly  with  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company, 
8.20  miles  of  which  were  not  used  during  the  year. 

There  are  10.50  miles  of  double  track,  90.31  miles  of  sidings  on  the 
main  line,  and  18.49  miles  of  sidings  on  the  branches.  The  entire  main 
line  is  laid  with  steel  rails.  The  ballast  consists  of  148.34  miles  of 
gravel  and  99.10  miles  of  earth. 

During  the  year  there  were  laid  1,974  tons  of  steel  rails,  at  a  cost  of 

),128.04,  and  99,956  new  cross-ties  were  jilaced  in  the  track,  at  a  cost 
of  §23,489.66.  The  expenditures  for  additions  and  betterments  amounted 
to  $121,471.65,  of  which  there  were  charged  to  improvement,  construc- 
tion, and  equipment  fund  $112,000,  and  $9,471.65  to  cost  of  road. 

The  equiimient  consists  of  67  locomotives,  56  of  which  are  equipped 
with  Westinghouse  brakes,  7  sleeping,  6  chair,  21  first  class,  14  second 
class,  3  mail,  6  baggage,  14  combination,  and  2  officers'  cars,  making  a 
total  of  73  cars  in  the  passenger  service,  all  of  which  are  equipped  with 
Westinghouse  breaks  and  Miller  platforms.  In  the  freight  service  there 
are  1,927  box,  5  stock,  25  coal,  353  flat,  9  refrigerator,  18  furniture,  and 
22  caboose  cars,  a  total  of  2,359  cars.  There  are  also  67  hand,  51  push 
and  2  boarding  cars;  1  pile  driver,  1  derrick,  1  bridge  rej)air  car,  1 
snow  plow,  and  1  engine  in  road  repair  and  miscellaneous  service. 

The  folio  viug  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  comjiany 
on  June  30,  1893  : 

LIABILITIES. 

First-mortc;age  bonds $1,000,000.00 

Second-mortgage  bonds 2,000,000.00 

Interest  on  same,  duo  and  accrued 225.  00  , 

Interest  on  same,  accrued  not  due 45,  833.  33 

Preferred  stock  canceled 404,  800.  00 

Bonds  guaranteed  by  company 710,  000.  00 

Interest  on  same,  accrued  not  due 14,  633.  33 

Dividends  unpaid 3,  618.  25 

Accounts  payable 57, 107. 17 

Pay  rolls  and  voucbers 211,  683. 16 

Redemption  fund  preferred  stock 173,  371, 17 

Sinking  fund  for  redemption  of  Taylor's  Falls  and  Lake 

Superior  Railroad  bonds 109,  693. 79 

Land  accounts,  deferred  receipts 132, 115.  90 

Land  and  stumpage  income  expended  prior  to  July  1, 

~  3,  on  improvements,  construction,  and  equipment. .  690,  776. 40 


Total  debt $5,553,857.50 

Capital  stock 9,626,218.11 

Capital  stock  and  debt 15,180,075.61 

ASSETS. 

Road,  fixtures,  and  equipment 12,  703, 126.  94 

Fuel,  material,  and  stores  on  band 81,  645.  26 

Stocks  and  bonds 1,  580, 222.  79 

Sinking  funds  in  bands  of  trustees,  company 109,  673. 79 

Land  contracts,  land  casb,  etc 132,115.90 

Due  from  agents  r.nd  conductors 123,  619.  59 

Bills  receivalile 20,  448.  75 

Due  from  other  companies  on  account  of  trafflc 54,  681. 50 

Due  from  other  companies  and  individuals 22,  607.  53 

Otber  assets 132,081.79 

jteb-on^iind. . ..-.,.....-...  .^..  .^,.... 392, 482. 11 

Total :'.;..:..'... 15,352.705.95 

Surplus.."....::....:* : 172,630.34 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     849 

Jievenue  and  expenditures  for  ilic  year  ended  June  20,  1S03. 

REVENUE. 

Earnings $2,105,274.81 

Dividends  on  stocks  of  other  companies 11,  549,  55 

Receipts  of  the  laud  dei^artment 192,  999. 57 

Rentals 28,739.89 

Interest  and  exchange 14,  045. 09 

Award  of  Commissioners  for  property  taken  by  the 

city  of  Duluth 12,935.00 

Total $2,365,543.91 

EXrEXDITCKES. 

Operating  expenses 1,  427,  798.  41 

Taxes 68,009.07 

Interest  on  first-mortgage  bonds 50,  000. 00 

Interest  on  second-mortgage  bonds 100,  000.  00 

Dividends  21  and  22 355.043,50 

Expenses  of  tlie  land  department 24,  070. 15 

Redemption  of  preferred  stock 168,  329.  42 

Rentals Ill,  828.  63 

Other  expenditures G^,  825. 69 

Total 2,374,504.87 

Deficit 8,960.96 

Compavaiive  statement  of  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the  St.  Paul  and  Duluth  ItaiJroad 

Company. 


Year  ended  — 

Difference. 

June  30, 1893. 

June  .30, 1S92. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

EAENIXGS. 

$5  to.  351. 54 

1,  512. 040. 94 

21. 152. 42 

22,  500.  00 

3,  229.  91 

$530, 425.  47 

1,  350,  799.  99 

21, 109.  74 

22,  500.  00 

9,  675.  67 

$15,  926.  07 

161, 240.  95 

42.68 

Freight 

Mail 

$6, 445. 76 

Total 

2, 105, 274.  81 

1,934,510.87 

170,763.94 

EXPENSES. 

365, 151.  20 
213,  222.  48 
701.  977.  87 
215,  455.  93 

300,  303. 59           64,  787.  61 
163,113.26           50,109.22 
642,  339. 54           59,  638.  33 
186,107.94*         29,347.99 

General  expeusea  and  taxes 

Total 

1, 495, 807. 48         1,  291,  924. 33         203,  883. 15 

Xet  earnings 

609,467.33  I          642,586.54 

33, 119. 21 



247.44 

242.75  1                 4.  69  1 

$8.  508.  22 
6,045.13 

$7,969.14 
5,  322. 03 

$539. 08 
723. 10 

!Net  earnings  per  mile 

2,403.09                2,647.12    1               184  03 

Percentage  of  exjjenses  to  earnings 

71.05 

66.78 

4.27 

Ab.  93 54 


STATE  NORMALSCHOOL, 


850  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

ST.  PAUL,  MINNEAPOLIS  AND  MANITOBA  RAIL^^AY  COMPANY. 
(gkeat  nortiikrx  railway  company.) 

Tlie  original  cliarter  for  the  construction  of  tliis  road  was  granted  to 
tlie  Minnesota  and  Pacific  Railroad  Company  (afterwards  St.  Panl  and 
Pacific)  May  22,  1857.  Tlie  line  was  to  extend  from  Stillwater,  via  St. 
Paul  and  St.  Anthony,  to  Breckinridge,  and  a  branch  from  St.  Antliony, 
via  St.  Cloud  and  Crow  Wing,  to  St.  Vincent,  with  ])ower  to  extend  the 
main  line  to.  any  point  on  the  Missouri  Eiver  north  of  the  forty-fifth 
parallel,  and  to  build  a  line  from  Winona  to  St.  Paul. 

By  the  acts  of  Congress  approved  March  3, 1857,  and  March  3,  1805, 
there  were  granted  to  the  Minnesota  and  Pacific  Railroad  Company, 
through  the  State  of  Minnesota,  885,000  acres  and  to  the  St.  Paul  and 
Pacific  1,838,638.95  acres;  a  total  grant  of  2,723,038.95  acres  of  land. 

The  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  show  that,  to  June  30,  1893, 
there  had  been  patented  to  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Manitoba 
Railway  Company  2,900,700.88  acres;  a  difference  of  183,121.93  acres 
between  the  number  of  acres  granted  and  patented.  An  explanation 
of  this  difference  may  be  found  in  the  following  extract  from  Poor's 
Manual  of  Railroads  (1881,  p.  718) :  ''In  1880-'81  the  company  (St.  Paul, 
Minneapolis  and  Manitoba)  acquired  the  charter  of  the  Minneapolis  and 
St.  Cloud  Railway  Comx:»any  to  which  was  attached  a  land  grant  of  ten 
sections  per  mile,"  although  the  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  fail 
to  show  a  grant  of  land  to  the  last-nanied  company. 

St.  Paul,  Minn.,  and  Breckinridge,  Minn. ;  St.  Paul,  via  St.  Cloud  and 
Barnesville,  Minn.,  and  Cape  Vincent,  Minn.;  and  East  St.  Cloud  and 
Sauk  Rapids  are  the  land-gTant  termini. 

The  report  of  the  company  shows  that,  to  June  30,  1893,  there  had 
been  received  by  patent  through  the  State  of  Minnesota,  3,199,578.37 
acres;  that  there  had  been  sold  from  the  grant  2,350,503.38  acres:  the 
total  receipts  from  all  sales  from  the  grant  amounting  to  87,001,051.30 
There  remained  outstanding  on  account  of  time  sales,  the  sum  of 
81.101,001.03.  The  annual  receipts  of  the  land  department  were 
8237,290.11  and  the  expenses  851,128.37. 

On  January  31,  1890,  the  proj)erty  of  this  company  was  leased  for 
nine  hundred  and  ninety-nine  years  to  the  Great  Northern  Railway 
Company,  which  assumed  all  its  obligations  and  guaranteed  dividends 
of  0  per  cent  in  gold  annually  on  its  capital  stock. 

The  main  line  of  the  road  extends  from  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  to  St,  Vin- 
cent and  Neche,  Minn.,  connecting  with  lines  running  into  Winni- 
peg, Manitoba,  and  westerly  from  Grand  Forks,  N.  Dak.,  to  Great 
Falls,  iMont.,  with  connections  to  Helena  and  Butte.  Since  the  close 
of  the  last  fiscal  year  two  new  lines  have  been  built,  one  from  St. 
Hilaire  to  Thief  River,  Minn.,  7.59  miles,  completed  in  October, 
1892.  and  one  from  St.  Hilaire  to  Red  Lake  Falls,  Minn.,  10.13  miles, 
completed  December  1,  1892;  also,  3.87  miles  of  main  track  in  the  city 
of  Minneapolis,  anxl  1.82  miles  in  the  city  of  St.  Paul.  The  Pacific 
Coast  Extension  was  completed  January  0,  1893.  There  are  3,709.09 
miles  of  main  track,  27.20  miles  of  second,  9.28  miles  of  third,  9.29 
miles  of  fourth,  2.32  miles  of  fifth,  and  1.11  miles  of  sixth  track,  which 
with  450.05  miles  of  sidings  makes  a  total  length  of  track  of  1,211.07 
miles.  Steel  rails  are  laid  upon  3,529.57  miles,  iron  rails  upon  229.05 
miles,  and  iron  and  steel  upon  150.05  miles  of  track. 

The  company  makes  no  report  of  its  earnings  and  expenses  during 
the  year,  the  same  being  merged  with  those  of  the  lessee  comi^any. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     851 

The  cost  of  additions  and  betterments  to  raihvay,  which  includes  the 
biiikling"  of  the  road,  amounts  to  $29,781,380,82,  and  tLe  cost  of  ec[uip- 
ment  to  81,342,854.95.  The  following  statement  shows  the  financial 
condition  of  the  comx)any  on  June  30,  1893 : 

LIABILITIKS. 

Funded  debt $70,  310,  754.  54 

Accouuts  i^ayable 14,  557,  489.  83 

Pay  rolls  and  voncbers 9,  353.  78 

Sinking  fund,  first-mortgage  bonds 5,  342,  004.  04 

Sinking  fund,  consolidated-mortgage  bonds 19,  (514.  62 

Total  debt $90,  239, 216. 81 

Capital  stock 20,  000,  000.  00 

Total  stock  and  debt 110,  239,  216.  81 

ASSETS.  • 

Road  and  fixtures 102,063,888.49 

Equipment 9,048,181.80 

Premium  on  bonds  redeemed 260,  835. 00 

Bills  receivable 292,  427. 68 

Cash  on  hand 483,330.45 

Total 112,148,663.42 

Surplus 1,909,446.61 

SIOUX  CITY  AND   PACIFIC   RAILROAD   COMPANY. 

(CHICAGO  AND  XO]lTH\\'ESTERX  RAILWAY  COMrAXY.) 

This  road  was  inchided  in  the  acts  of  1862  and  18G4,  incorporating 
the  Union  Pacific  EaihYjad  Company,  being-  provided  for  as  one  of  the 
branches.  In  1884  it  passed  under  the  control  of  the  Chicago  and 
Northwestern  Eailway  Company  by  the  purchase  and  transfer  to  the 
latter  of  all  but  a  few  shares  of  the  capital  stock,  and  is  now,  in  connec- 
tion with  its  former  leased  lines  (the  Fremont,  Elkhorn  and  Missouri 
Valley  Railroad),  operated  by  the  Chicago  and  Northwestern  Eailway 
Company,  and  forms  a  part  of  its  through  line  from  Omaha,  Nebr.,  to 
St.  Paul,  Minn.  It  extends  from  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  to  Fremont,  Nebr., 
a  distance  of  101.58  miles,  with  a  branch  line  from  California  Junction 
to  Missouri  Valley,  Iowa,  a  distance  of  5.84  miles,  making  a  total  of 
107.42  miles.  It  is  practically  all  laid  with  GO-x>ound  steel  rails.  Tliere 
are  30.47  miles  of  sidings  and  07  miles  of  fencing. 

The  United  States  issued  to  the  Sioux  City  and  Pacific  Railroad  Com- 
pany the  sum  of  $1,628,320  in  boiuls,  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  101.77 
miles  of  road,  as  follows:  Frcm  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  to  California  Junc- 
tion, Iowa,  a  distance  of  69.75  miles,  and  from  California  Junction,  Iowa, 
to  Fremont,  Nebr.,  32.02  miles.  That  portion  of  the  line  between  Cali- 
fornia Junction  and  Missouri  Valley  is  nonsubsidized.  The  interest  paid 
on  these  bonds  to  June  30,  1893,  amounted  to  $2,441,289.49,  and  there 
had  been  retained  by  the  Treasury  Department,  on  account  of  trans- 
portation services  rendered  the  Government,  the  sum  of  $204,846,44, 
leaving  due  on  that  date  an  aggregate  amount  of  $3,864,763.05.  The 
excess  of  interest  paid  by  the  United  States  above  all  credits,  amounted 
to  $2,236,443.05. 

By  the  Pacific  Railroad  acts  of  1862  and  1864  this  company  was 
granted  60,000  acres  of  land  in  aid  of  construction.  The  records  of 
the  General  Land  Office  show  that  to  June  30,  1893,  there  had  been 


852  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

patented  to  the  company,  tlirougli  the  State  of  Nebraska,  37,055.12 
acres,  and  through  the  State  of  Iowa  4,3J:3.11  acres.  All  of  this  land 
was  sold  to  the  Missouri  Valley  Land  Company  April  15, 1875,  lor 
$200,000. 

Sioux  City,  Iowa,  via  California  Junction  and  Fremont,  Nebr.,  are 
the  land-grant  termini. 

An  agreement  was  made  by  the  company  with  the  American  Express 
Company  which  took  effect  May  18,  1893,  the  same  to  remain  in  force 
until  February  1,  1895,  whereunder  the  freight  of  the  express  comi:)any 
is  to  be  transported  over  the  lines  of  the  Sioux  City  and  Pacific  Kail- 
road  Company  for  an  annual  iiayment  for  an  estimated  tonnage,  and 
an  agreed  schedule  of  rates  for  any  excess  of  tonnage. 

Wagner  and  Pullman  sleeping  cars  are  run  over  the  comi)any's  lines, 
the  latter  paying  mileage  for  their  use.  The  former  make  all  the  col- 
lections and  pay  the  cost  of  maintenance  with  sundry  petty  exceptions, 
which  are  paid  by  the  railroad  comx)any. 

Trackage  rights  are  granted  by  agreement,  and  for  consideration,  to 
the  Fremont,  Elkhorn  and  Missouri  Valley,  the  Union  Pacific,  the 
Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Omaha,  and  the  Ilhnois  Central 
Kaihoad  Companies;  and  the  use  by  the  three  last-named  companies 
of  the  passenger  depot  at  Sioux  City. 

By  an  agreement  filed  with  the  Commissioner  of  Eailroads  May  7, 
1887,  the  company  leased  its  telegraph  lines  to  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company  for  a  period  of  twenty-five  years  from  April  1, 
187L 

The  properties  of  the  company  from  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  to  Fremont, 
Kebr.,  including  roadbed,  track,  bridges,  buildings,  shops,  etc.,  were 
inspected  by  the  engineer  of  this  Bureau  in  May  last.  His  report 
thereon  is  contained  in  Appendix  A. 

The  equipment  consists  of  12  locomotives,  10  of  which  are  equipped 
with  Westinghouse  brakes ;  14  passenger  cars  equipped  with  Westing- 
house  brakes  and  Miller  platforms ;  290  box,  20  stock,  46  coal,  and  12 
caboose  cars,  making  a  total  of  308  cars  in  the  freight  department,  220 
of  which  are  equipped  with  Westinghouse  brakes,  and  221  with  Miller 
platforms. 

The  expenditures  for  new  construction  during  the  year  amounted  to 
$7,413.31,  and  the  renewal  of  12,095  cedar  and  oak  ties  to  §0,117. 

The  following  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  company 
on  J  une  30,  1893. 

LIABILITIES. 

First  mortgage  bomls $1,  628,  000. 00 

Interest  on  saiuo  due  and  accrued 2,  400.  00 

Interest  on  same,  accrued,  not  due 48,  840. 00 

United  States  subsidy  bonds 1,  628,  000.  00 

Interest  on  same  paid  by  United  States 2,  44i,  2_89. 49 

Interest  on  preferred  stock,  accrued,  not  due 2,  957. 51 

Pay  rolls  and  vouchers 66,  640. 11 

Totaldebt $5,818,447.11 

Capital  stock 2,068,400.00 

Total  stofk  and  debt 7,  886,  847. 11 

ASSLTS. 

Eoad,  fixtures,  and  equii>ment 5,  748,  217. 56 

Fuel,  material,  and  stores  on  baud 82,  06 i.  83 

Cash  on  band , '      86,109.89 

Accounts  receivable 77, 195.  31 

Due  from  other  companies  on  account  of  traffic 4,  593.  00 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     853 

"Witlilicld  by  the  United  States  oil  accouut  of  traiis- 

I)or tuition  services $1 07.  537. 02 

Due  from  United  States,  unsettled  accounts 205,  321.  GO 

Total  assets $6,311,039.21 

Deficit 1,  575,  807.  90 

Statement  of  revenue  and  expenditures  for  the  yeixr  ended  June  20,  1S93, 

r.KVENUE. 

Earnings 546,  791. 03 

Profit  and  loss 6,  379.  04 

Total  revenue 553, 170.  O7 

EXPEXDITUKES.  ' 

Operating  expenses 389, 119.  63 

Taxes 18,601.11 

Interest  on  first-mortgage  bonds 97,  680.  00 

Interest  on  other  funded  debt 97,  699.  20 

Xew  construction 7,  413.  31 

New  equipment ". .  1, 170. 56 

Interest  on  jireferred  stock 11,  830. 00 

Total  expenditures 623,  513. 81 

Deficit 70,343.74 

Statement  of  amount  due  the  United  States  by  the  Sioux  City  and  Pacific  Bailroad  Com- 
pany, under  the  acts  of  1SC2  and  1S64,  for  the  year  ended  Becemher  31,  1S92. 

EARXIXGS. 

United  States : 

Passenger $2, 161.27 

Extra  baggage 1. 04 

Freight 936. 58 

Mail 25, 688. 16 

$28,814.05 
Commercial; 

Passenger 221,  030.  63 

Extra  baggage 5,  322.  44 

Freight 207,  425. 57 

Express 7, 187. 23 

Miscellaneous 16,  360.  81 

457,  326.  Q,S 

Total  earnings 486, 140.  73 

EXPENSES. 

Maintenance  of  way  and  structures 86,  906.  79 

Maintenance  of  equipment 36,  423. 07 

Conducting  transportation 183,  463. 23 

General  expenses  and  taxes 40,  382. 64 

Total  operating  expenses 347, 175. 73 

New  construction  and  equijimeut 112,  579.  68 

Total  expenses 459,  755.  41 

Net  earnings 26,  385.  32 

DUE   THE   UNITED   STATES. 

One-half  Government  transportation,  as  above 14^  407.  03 

Note.— The  amount  of  net  earnings  during  the  year  not  being  enfficient  to  pay 
the  interest  on  the  first-mortgage  bonds  ($97,680),  '''the  Government  can  not  claim 
the  5  per  cent  which  would  otherwise  be  applicable  to  its  subsidy."  (United  States 
V.  Sioux  City  and  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  99  U.  S.  Repor,ts,  pp.491  and  492.) 


854 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Conqmrative  statement  of  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the  Sioux  City  and  Facific  Bail- 
road  Company. 


Year  cndecl— 

Diflferencc. 

June  30, 1893. 

June  30, 1832. 

Increase. 

Decrease . 

EAHNI-NGS. 

$214,710.21 

240,551.05 

27,  943. 03 

8,  000.  07 

19,  580. 67 

$252, 507.  69 

212,  750. 27 

27,  563. 13 

4, 133. 10 

19,480.20 

$7,  797. 48 

!Frei"'ht             

$33, 800. 78 

379. 90 

3, 872. 97 

94.47 

Mail"       

Total 

546,791.03 

516,  440. 39 

30, 350. 64 

Maintenance  of  way  and  structures 

97,  048. 84 
45,  526.  02 
217,  946.  89 
47, 198. 99 

93, 736.  81 
43,  708.  66 
202,  545. 11 
45, 177. 27 

3, 312. 03 
1.817.36 

15,401.78 
2,  021.  72 

Conducting  tran.sportation 

Total 

407.  720.  74 
139,  070. 29 

385, 167.  85 

22,552.89 

131,  272. 54 

7,  797. 75 



107. 42 

107.42 

$5,  090.  22 
3,  795.  57 

$4, 807. 67 
3,  585.  02 

$282. 55 
209. 95 

1,  294.  65 

1,  222. 05 

72.60 

Percentage  of  expenses  to  earnings 

74.57 

74.58 

.01 

SOUTnERN   PACIFIC  RAILROAD   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


(SOUTIIERX   PACIFIC   COMPANY.) 

This  company  was  formed  in  1870  by  the  consolidation  of  tlie  Soutli- 
ern  Pacific,  tlie  San  Francisco  and  San  Jose,  the  Santa  Clara  and 
Pajaro  Valley,  and  the  California  Sonthern  railroad  companies.  In 
1873  the  Southern  Pacific  Branch  and  in  1874  the  Los  Angeles  and  San 
Pedro  Railroad  Companies  were  added,  making  a  total  of  1,022.20  miles 
operated.  The  main  line  of  the  road  extends  from  San  Francisco  and 
Wilmington,  Cal.,  to  State  line  near  Yiima,  and  was  opened  May  5, 
1877.  From  the  California  boundary  the  road  was  extended  eastwardly 
by  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad  companies  of  Arizona  and  IS'ew  Mex- 
ico, connection  being  made  by  the  latter  with  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
and  Santa  Fe  Railroad  at  Demiug,  IST.  Mex.  Subsequently  the  line  was 
extended  to  the  Rio  Grande  River  at  El  Paso,  where  connection  is  made 
with  the  Mexican  Central  to  the  City  of  Mexico,  and  with  the  Galves- 
ton, Harrisburg  and  San  Antonio  to  New  Orleans.  The  through  line, 
including  the  Texas  and  Kew  Orleans,  the  Louisiana  Western,  and  the 
Morgan's,  Louisiana  and  Texas  railroads,  passed  under  the  conti'ol  of 
the  Southern  Pacific  Comx)any  March  1,  1885,  as  lessee  of  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad  of  California. 

By  the  acts  of  Congress  approved  July  27,  18G6,  and  March  3,  1871, 
this  company  received  grants  of  14,007,840  acres  of  land  in  aid  of  con- 
struction. The  records  of  the  General  Laud  OfSce  show  that  to  June 
30,  1893,  there  had  been  patented  to  the  companv,  through  the  State  oi 
California,  2,211,182.90  acres.  The  records  of  the  General  Land  Office 
also  show  that  by  a  decision  of  the  Commissioner,  aflirmed  l>y  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Interior,  under  date  of  November  2,  1885,  550,000  acres 
located   in   the  State  of  California,  and  3,800,000  acres  of  railroad 


EEPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     855 

indemnity  lands,  also  located  iu  California,  have  been  restored  to  tlie 
public  domain. 

The  company  reports  that, to  June30,1893,itliadreceived2,219,077.285 
acres  and  disposed  of  2,997,631.175  acres;  the  total  receipts  from  all 
sales  of  lands  amounting  to  88,540,982.25.  The  company  also  reports 
the  sum  of  82,818,428.76,  principal  and  interest,  remaining  outstanding 
on  account  of  time  sales,  and  128,493.31  acres  of  laud  undisposed  of. 

This  road  is  operated  in  three  davisions : 

Mileage. 

The  Coast  Division 313.23 

The  Southern  Division 1, 157.  22 

The  Stockton  Division 109.30 

Total 1,579.75 

The  company  also  lease  7.17  miles  of  branch  lines.  Steel  rails  are 
laid  upon  1,538.06  miles  of  road.  During  the  past  year,  8,349  tons  of 
steel  rails  were  laid  at  a  cost  of  $417,462.31  and  269,803  cross-ties  were 
placed  in  the  track  at  a  cost  of  6140,297.56. 

The  amount  expended  during  the  year  for  additions  and  betterments 
to  railway  amounted  to  63,554,291.07,  of  which  $3,202,850  were  for 
building  50.407  miles  of  road. 

The  equipment  consists  of -162  passenger  locomotives,  all  equipped 
with  Westinghouse  brakes;  1  i)aiior,  2  dining,  50  first-class  and  13 
second-class  sleepers,  158  first-class,  30  second-class,  29  baggage,  mail 
and  express,  1  mail,  24  baggage,  1  express,  11  combination  passenger 
and  baggage  and  3  officers'  cars — a  total  of  323  cars  in  the  passenger 
service,  all  of  which  are  equipped  with  Westinghouse  brakes  and  Mil- 
ler platforms. 

In  the  freight  service  there  are  1,940  box,  78  furniture,  135  coal,  720 
flat,  514  combination,  5  refrigerator,  15  fruit,  2  oil-tank  and  88  caboose 
cars — a  total  of  3,497  cars  in  the  freight  service,  3,410  of  which  are 
equipped  with  Westinghouse  brakes. 

In  road  and  miscellaneous  service,  there  are  3  station  and  20  water 
cars,  1  derrick,  and  1  wrecking-car  tender. 

The  following  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  com- 
pany on  June  30,  1893 : 

ASSETS. 

Eoatl,  fixtures,  and  equipment $123,  945, 055.  58 

Laud  contracts,  laud  cash,  etc 2,  541,  530. 39 

Company's  stocks  and  bonds  owned  by  company 92,  000.  00 

Sinlciug  funds  in  hands  of  trustees,  company 1,  310,  494.  53 

Bills  and  accounts  receivable 1,  488,  687.  88 

Cash  on  hand 275,  425.  38 

Total $129,653,193.76 

LIADILITIKS. 

First-mortgage  bouds 47,  721,  500. 00 

Accounts  payable 52,  344. 26 

Trustees'  laud-grant  mortgages 474,  549.  68 

Sinking  funds  uninvested 154, 144.  85 

Total 48,  402,  .538. 79 

Capital  stock 66,  577,  000.  00 

Total  stock  and  debt 114,  979,  538.  79 

Surplus 14,  673,  654.  97 

Income  from  land  sales  for  redemption  of  bonds. . .       10, 595,  580.  G7 

Incoine  for  sinking  funds 1,  332,  944. 85 

General  income 2,  745, 130. 05 

Total 11^  073,  654. 97 


856  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

licvev.ue  and  expendiinrcs  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1S93, 

REVENUE. 

Earnings  on  lease  of  road,  iuclnding  interest  on  bonds, 

assumed  by  lessees $3,  869,  304. 15 

Land  sales  for  redemption  of  bonds 2.54, 187. 66 

Sinking  funds  of  tlie  company 136,  720.  00 

Total 4,260,211.81 

EXrEXDIXrilES. 

Salaries  and  maintenance  of  organization 8,  484.  62 

Interest  on  first  mortgage  bonds  assumed  by  lessees  ...  2,  694, 123. 50 

Sinking  fund  requirements,  company 100,  000. 00 

Depreciation  in  rolling  stock 381, 113. 49 

Expenses  of  land  department 2.5,  478.  75 

Taxes  on  land 18,  287.  49 

Set  over  to  special  income  account 390,  907. 66 

Total 3,618,395.51 

Surph:s 641,816.30 

Comparative  statement  of  the  earnings  and  e.r2)enses  of  the  Southern  Facific  Hailroad 

Company. 


EARNINGS. 

Passenger 

Freight 

Mail 

Exjjress 

Miscellaneous 

Total 

EXPENSES. 

Maintenance  of  vray  and  structures 

Maintenance  of  equipment 

Conducting  transportation 

General  expenses  and  taxes 

Total 

Xet  earnings 

Average  miles  operated 

Eamiugs  per  mile 

Expenses  per  mile 

Net  earnings  per  mile 

Percentage  of  expenses  to  earnings 


Year  ended — 

Difference. 

Juno  30,  1S93. 

June  30,  1892. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

$3,  302,  C82.  90 

6,806.601.81 

150,  689.  94 

133,  979.  04 

273,  388.  01 

$3, 143,  486.  74 

6,016,355.75 

142,114.09 

119,804.66 

424,  503. 30 

$219,196.16 

850,  246.  06 

8,  575.  85 

14, 174.  38 

$151, 115.  20 

10,  787,  341. 70 

9,  846,  204.  54 

941,077.16 

1,619,916.07 
937, 137.  45 

3, 155, 596.  01 
808,  776. 42 

1,  303,  980.  33 
905, 090. 95 

2,  991,  727. 12 
742, 150. 12 

315,  935.  74 
32,  040.  50 

163,  868.  89 
66,  626.  30 

6, 521, 425. 95 

5,942,948.52 

578, 477. 43 

4,  265, 915.  75 

3,  903,  316. 02 

302, 599.  73 

1,  547.  72 

1, 464.  68 

83.04 

$6,  969.  82 
4,213.50 

$G,  722. 46 
4,  057.  50 

$247.  30 
156. 06 

2,  756.  20 

2,  664. 96 

91.30 

60.45 

60.35 

0.10 

TEXAS   AND   PACIFIG   RAILWAY   COMPANY. 


Tliis  company  was  organized  under  the  act  of  Congress  approved 
March  3,  1871,  and  the  general  laws  of  the  State  of  Texas.  It  acquired 
the  properties  of  the  Southern  Pacific,  the  Southern  Transcontinental, 
and  the  Memphis,  El  Paso  and  Pacific  railroad  companies.  The 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad  Conii)auy  was  a  consolidation  of  the  Vicks- 
burg,  Shreveport  and  Texas  and  the  Southern  Pacific  Eailroad  Com- 
pany, organized  under  the  laws  of  Texas.    Consolidation  with  the  New 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     857 

Orleaus  Pacific  Eailway  Company  (formerly  the  New  Orleans,  Baton 
Eoiige  and  Vicksburg)  was  effected  June  21,  1881.  The  property  was 
placed  in  tlie  hands  of  receivers  December  16,  1885,  sold  uuder  fore- 
closure November  8,  1887,  and  reorganized  without  change  of  name. 

By  the  acts  of  Congress  approved  June  3,  1850,  and  March  3,  1871, 
grants  of  laud,  as  follows,  were  made  to  roads  forming  the  i)resent 
sy  tern : 

Acres. 
Texas  and  Pacific 18,  000,  000 

New  Orleaus,  Baton  Rouge  and  Vicksburg 3, 800, 000 

Yicksbnrij,  Shreveport  and  Pacific  (chartered  as  Vicksburg,  Shreveport 

and  Texas) 610, 880 

Total 22, 4 10,  880 

Of  the  above  grants,  the  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  show 
that,  to  June  30,  1893,  there  had  been  patented  912,805.93  acres.  The 
records  of  the  General  Land  Office  also  show  that  by  the  act  of  Feb- 
ruary 20,  1885,  there  had  been  forfeited  15,692,800  acres  of  the  grant 
to  the  Texas  and  Pacific,  and  352,587  acres  of  the  grant  to  the  New 
Orleans,  Baton  Rouge  and  Vicksburg  and  by  the  act  of  February  28, 
1887,  19,000  acres  of  railroad  indemnity  lands  granted  to  the  Ticks- 
burg  Shreveport  and  Pacific  had  been  restored  to  the  public  domain. 

In  the  report  of  the  company  to  the  stockholders  for  the  calendar 
year  1892  the  assets  of  the  land  department  are  given  as  94,250  acres, 
valued  at  $500,000;  also  bills  receivable  (land  notes)  amounting  to 
$117,281.31. 

A  report  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1893,  has  been  submitted  to  this 
office  by  the  president  of  the  company,  as  required  by  section  13  of 
the  act  approved  March  3,  1871  (16  Stat.,  573). 

The  main  line  of  the  road  extends  from  the  State  line  to  Sierra 
Blanca,  Tex.,  and  via  Texarkana  and  Sherman  to  Fort  Worth,  Tex., 
1,039  miles,  and  from  New  Orleans  to  Shreveport,  La.,  32-1  miles.  There 
are  22  miles  of  branches  and  21  miles  of  leased  lines.  That  portion  of 
the  line  between  Sierra  Blanca  and  El  Paso,  93  miles  in  length,  is  used 
jointly  with  the  Galveston,  Harri.sburg  and  San  Antonio  Eailway 
Company,  making  a  total  of  1,4:99  miles,  over  which  the  trains  of  the 
Texas  and  Pacific  are  operated.  Of  this  mileage  1,275  miles  are  laid 
with  steel  rails  of  from  50  to  03  pounds,  and  224  miles  with  iron  rails. 
The  iron  rails,  with  the  exception  of  17  miles  on  branches  in  Louisiana, 
are  located  on  the  extreme  western  end  of  the  line,  and  are  being- 
replaced  by  steel,  with  an  appropriation  of  about  3,000  tons  annually. 
The  entire  line  will  thus  eventually  be  laid  in  steel. 

The  equipment  consists  of  191  locomotives,  49  first-class,  13  second- 
class,  10  combination,  13  excursion,  33  baggage,  express,  and  postal,  2 
postal,  and  1  pay  cars — a  total  of  121  cars  in  the  passenger  service.  In 
the  freight  service  there  are  2,194  box,  772  flat,  343  stock,  001  coal,  37 
tank,  and  38  fruit  cars — a  total  of  3,985  cars.  There  are  also  0  derricks, 
97  caboose,  and  54  road  cars,  the  aggregate  number  of  cars  owned 
being  4,203. 

The  Kansas  City,  El  Paso  and  Mexican  Eailway,  better  known  as  the 
''White  Oaks  "  road,  was  acquired  during  the  year  on  very  advantageous 
terms,  and  is  considered  a  valuable  acquisition  to  the  property  of  the 
company.  It  is  projected  from  El  Paso  to  White  Oaks,  N.  Mex.,  a 
country  rich  in  coal  and  other  minerals. 


858  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYIXG   THE 

The  follo^ving  statements  sliowtlie  fiiiaucial  conditiou  of  the  compauy 
ou  June  30,  1893: 

LIACILITIICS. 

First-inortgage  bonds,  February  1, 1888 $24,  987,  975.  75 

Second-mortgage  income  bonds 24,  920,  953.  68 

First-mortgage  bonds,  eastern  division 3,  781^  000. 00 

Old  bonds  unredeemed 89,  000.  00 

Texas  school-fund  loan 139,  899.  66 

Interest  scriji,  income  and  land-grant  bonds 305,  492.  00 

Other  scrip 15,  912.  30 

Pay  rolls  and  vouchers 674,  330.  07 

Due  other  companies 59,  .560. 31 

Bills  payable,  car  trusts  and  notes 590,  272.  67 

Intercstdue  and  accrued 221,  014. 17 

Estimated  taxes 74,  731. 68 

Unadjusted  account,  Gould-Huntington  contract 179,  651.  55 

Other  unadjusted  accounts 38,  450.  40 

Total  debt $56,131,244.24 

Capital  stock 38,  710,  900.  00 

Total  stock  and  debt , 94,  842, 144.  24 

ASSETS. 

Eoad,  fixtures  and  equipment 80, 535, 298. 80 

New  second-mortgage  bonds  in  treasury 1,  763,  000.  00 

Other  bonds  and  scrip ". 40,494.00 

Gordon  coal  mines 136,  868.  62 

Grain  elevator,  Westwego,  La 95, 159.  07 

In  hands  of  trustees  to  retire  first-mortgage  Ijonds  of 

eastern  division  and  Texas  school  fund  loan 3,  951,  000. 00 

Capital  stock  New  Orleans  Pacific  Railway  Compauy.  6,  712,  500. 00 

Other  stocks 73,  779.  41 

St.  Charles  Car  Company  trust 78.  92.'^.  50 

Missouri  Car  and  Foundry  Company  Car  trust 194.  700. 15 

Cash  on  hand ^. 168, 316. 91 

Red  River  Line  (H.  P.  Rwv.  Co.,  proportion  of  working 

capital) "1 4, 500. 00 

Due  from  agents  and  foreign  roads 612,  282.  62 

Advances  to  ageuts 10,  585.  33 

Unclaimed  wages 11,  391.  32 

Bills  receivable— land  notes -. 101, 483. 18 

Fuel,  stores,  and  material  on  hand 225,  041. 59 

Unadjusted  accounts 59,936.50 

'Total 94,775,266.00 

Deficit.. 66,878.24 

Hevcmie  and  cri)cn(liturcs  for  Hie  year  ended  June  SO,  1S93. 

EKVEXUE. 

Earnings $7,329,072.13  .      ^ 

Coupons,  interest,  equipment,  etc 72, 137.  91 

Rentals 53' 001. 60 

Sundry  amounts 99,833.78 

Receiver's   certificate,  St.  Louis,  Alton   and  Spi'ingfield 
Rwy 36.  05 

Total $7,554,081.47 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


859 


EXPEXDITUKES. 

Operatius  expenses $5,  302,  210.  0.5 

Taxes 192,803.95 

Interest  on  funded  debt 1,  279,  490.  00 

Interest  and  discount 17,  361.  23 

Rentals 08,901.00 

Sundry  amounts 23G,  316. 82 

Sundry  investments 150,  300.  08 

Litchfield  Railway  Equiiimcnt  Company  car  trust 33,  452.  76 

Total $7,280,868.89 

Surplus 273,212.58 

Comparative  staicment  of  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the  Texas  and  Pacific  Baihvay 

Company. 


Tear  ended— 

Difference. 

Jime  30,  1893. 

June  30,  1892. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

EAEXIXGS. 

$1, 858, 942.  96 

4, 999. 120.  60 

210;  917. 12 

164,  526.  26 

95,  5G5. 19 

$1, 876, 334.  67 

4, 748. 076. 83 

210, 567. 17 

164,  410. 75 

58,  608.  89 

$17,391.71 

$251, 043. 77 

349. 95 

115.  51 

30, 956. 30 

Jiail          .                 . .          

Total 

7, 329, 072. 13 

7,  057, 998.  31 

271,  073.  82 

EXPENSES. 

1,  940,  241.  75 

1,  078,  329.  06 

1,656,867.66 

413,408.80 

400, 171.  58 

2,058,341.78 

1, 313, 600. 49 

1, 709, 560. 86 

408,  236. 16 

413, 948. 76 

118,  lO'o.  03 
2.'«8  271  43 

52, 693.  20 

5, 172. 64 

6  782  03 

Total          

5, 495,  014. 00 

5, 905,  688. 05 

410,  674.  05 

1, 834, 058. 13 

1, 152, 310.  26 

681, 747. 87 

1, 499.  00 

1,499.00 

$4.  8S0.  31 
3;  G65, 79 

$4, 708. 47 
3,  939. 75 

$180.  84 

273.  96 

1,  223.  52 

768. 72 

454.80 

Percentage  of  expenses  to  earnings 

74.97 

83.67 

8  70 

UNION  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 


This  company  -was  formed  Januarj^  24,  1880,  by  the  consohdation  of 
the  Union  Pacific,  the  Kansas  Pacific,  and  the  Denver  Pacific  llailroad 
Companies. 

The  Union  Pacific  Eailroad  Company  was  chartered  by  Congress  July 
1,  1862.  The  subsidy  in  Government  bonds  Avas  at  the  rate  of  $10,000, 
$32,000,  and  $48,000  per  mile,  according  to  difficulty  in  the  work  of 
construction.  By  the  act  of  incorporation  the  subsidy  bonds  were  to 
be  a  first  mortgage  on  the  road.  Under  a  subsequent  act  of  July  2, 
1864,  the  company  was  allowed  to  issue  an  equal  amount  of  its  own 
bonds,  which  were  to  be  a  first  lien  on  the  road,  the  subsidy  bonds 
being  thereafter  a  second  mortgage.  For  the  repayment  of  the  subsidy 
bonds  the  company  \vas  required  to  pay  annually  to  the  Government  5 
per  cent  of  its  net  earnings  and  one-half  of  the  charges  for  transporta- 
tion on  its  account.  The  amount  realized  therefrom  being  insufficient 
to  defray  the  annual  interest  charge  on  the  subsid}^  bonds,  the  act  of 


860  ,        PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

May  7,  1S78,  otherwise  known  as  tlie  ^'Tliuniian  act,"  was  passed.  At 
tliis  date  tlie  excess  of  interest  paid  by  tlie  United  States  over  and 
above  all  reimbursements  bad  amounted  to  $ll,771,7l!8.83  for  the  Union 
Pacific  and  a2,<)30,„903.GO  for  the  Kansas  Pacific.  The  Thurman  act 
provided  that  the  whole  amount  of  compensation  for  services  rendered 
the  Government  by  the  company  should  be  retained  by  the  United 
States,  one-half  to  be  applied  to  the  liquidation  of  the  interest  paid  and 
to  be  paid  by  the  United  States  on  account  of  the  subsidy  bonds,  and 
the  other  half  to  be  carried  to  the  credit  of  a  sinking  fund.  Under  the 
provisions  of  the  same  act  the  5  per  cent  of  net  earnings  directed  to  be 
withheld  by  the  acts  of  1802  and  18G4  were  increased  to  25.  The  road 
was  opened  May  10, 18G9,  seven  years  and  twenty  days  in  advance  of 
the  time  fixed. 

The  Kansas  Pacific  Eailway  Company  was  first  chartered  by  the  leg- 
islature of  Kansas  as  the  Leavenworth,  Pawnee  and  Western.  It  was 
included  in  the  Pacific  Eailroad  acts  of  18G2  and  18G4,  and  granted  a 
subsidy  in  Government  bonds  of  81G,000  per  mile,  the  condition  of  the 
subsidy  being  the  same  as  the  grant  to  the  Union  Pacific.  On  June  6, 
18G3,  the  name  of  the  company  was  changed  to  the  Union  Pacific  East- 
ern Division,  and  by  an  act  of  Congress,  approved  May  31, 18G8,  to  the 
Kansas  Pacific.  The  road  was  completed  from  Kansas  City  to  Denver 
(638  miles)  September  1,  1870.  In  1873  default  Avas  made  in  the  pay- 
ment of  interest  on  the  company's  bonds  and  the  road  placed  in  the 
hands  of  a  receiver,  who  was  discharged  in  1879  and  the  affairs  of  the 
company  reorganized. 

The  Denver  Pacific,  connecting  the  Kansas  Pacific  Mith  the  Union 
Pacific,  was  built  by  the  Kansas  Pacific  and  opened  January  1, 1871. 

The  mileage  of  the  system  on  June  50,  1893,  was  as  follows: 

Main  line :  ililes. 

Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  to  O^den,  Utah 1^  033. 4G 

Kansas  City,  Mo,,  to  Denver,  Colo 639.  52 

Denver,  Colo.,  to  Cheyenne,  Wyo 104. 10 

Branch  lines: 

Leavenworth  to  Lawrence,  Kans '. 31. 93 

Council  Bluffs,  Iowa  (Broadway),  to  junction  with  main  line  ...     1.72 

Omaha,  Nehr.  (bridge  junction),  to  old  initial  jtoint 3. 95 

Almy  Junction,  AVyo.,  to  Mine  No.  7 3.  88 

Armstrong  to  AVyandotte,  Kans 2.  08 

Detroit  to  Enterprise,  Kans 1.  95 

45. 51 

Total  owned 1^  822.59 

The  company  also  controls  5,859.86  miles  of  auxiliary  lines,  making 
a  total  of  7,682.45  miles  of  owned  and  operated  roads  which  report  to 
the  organization  located  at  Omaha. 

Those  portions  of  the  road  which  w^ere  constructed  by  the  aid  of  a 
subsidy  in  bonds,  and  are  therefore  subject  to  the  requirements  of  law 
with  respect  to  the  annual  payment  to  the  United  States  of  a  percent- 
age of  net  earnings,  are  as  follows : 

Union  Pacific — Bridge  Junction,  Omaha,  ]S"ebr.,  to  Ogdeu,  Utah, 
1,029.4840  miles;  Ogden  Station,  Utah,  to  junction  with  the  Central 
Pacific  Eailroad  (leased  and  operated  by  the  Central  Pacific  Eailroad 
Oompany),  5  miles;  total,  1,034.4840  miles.  The  aided  portion  of  the 
Kansas  Pacific  begins  at  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  and  ends  at  a  point  near 
Boaz,  Kans.,  a  distance  of  393,9425  miles. 

The  subsidy  bonds  issued  by  the  United  States  in  aid  of  construction 
amount  to  $33,539,512;  the  Union  Pacific  having  received  $27,236,512 
and  the  Kansas  Pacific  $6,303,000.    The  interest  paid  thereon  by  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     861 

United  states  to  June  30,  1S93,  amounted  to  851,210,890.70,  and  the 
repayments  by  the  company  in  transportation  services,  casli,  and  in- 
terest on  the  sinking-fund  investments  to  832,83 J:,323, 72,  as  shown 
by  the  books  of  the  Treasury  Department;  making  the  company's 
liability  to  the  United  States  on  that  date  851,910,078.98.  The  excess 
of  interest  paid  by  the  United  States  over  all  credits  amounted  to 
$18,370,560.98,  a  reduction  in  the  amount  of  liability  of  897,183.85,  as 
comj)ared  with  the  previous  year. 

The  amount  found  due  the  United  States  under  the  acts  of  1802, 
1864,  and  1878,  for  the  year  ended  December  31, 1892,  was  81,381,659.40; 
an  increase  of  842,081.27  over  the  amount  found  due  for  the  previous 
year. 

The  interest  payable  by  the  United  States  on  the  bonds  issued  to 
this  company  amounts  to  82,012,370,72  annually. 

By  the  Pacific  llailroad  acts  of  1802  and  1804  the  following  grants 
of  land  were  made  by  Congress  to  aid  in  construction: 

Acres. 

Union  Pacific 12,000,000 

Kansas  Pacilic 6,  000,  000 

Denver  Pacific  Raihvay  a)id  Telegrapli 1,  000,  400 

Total 19,000,400 

The  following  points  are  the  land-grant  termini : 

Union  Pacific — Bridge  Junction,  Omaha,  Nebr.,  and  Union  Depot, 
Ogden,  Utah.  Kansas  Pacific,  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  and  a  point  on  the 
railroad  between  Monument  and  Gopher  stations  and  18th  street, 
Denver,  Colo.     Denver  Pacific,  Denver,  Colo.,  and  Cheyenne,  "NYyo. 

The  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  show  that  to  June  30, 1893, 
there  had  been  patented  to  the — 

Acres. 

Union  Pacific,  direct 3,  906,  533.  90 

Through  the  State  of  Kansas 2,  743,  097. 13 

Through  the  State  of  Nehraslca 3,  783,  641.  97 

Through  the  State  of  Colorado 289,  682. 03 

Throuirh  the  State  of  Wvoniing 79,  682.  03 

Through  the  Territory  oi'  Utah 40, 196.  49 

Total 10,  842,  833. 55 

To  the  Kansas  Pacific,  direct 2,  476,  052. 18 

To  the  Denver  Pacific,  direct 209,  232.  52 

Aggregate 13,528,118.25 

The  company  reports  the  number  of  acres  of  land  acquired  as  follows : 

By  United  States  patents 7, 207,  346. 98 

By  cancellation  of  contracts 2, 128,  603. 1'i 

Total 9.  335,  950. 11 

Total  number  of  acres  sold  for  cash  and  on  time  con- 
tracts       13,  929,  695. 75 

Reclaimed  by  United  States 480. 00 

13,  390, 175.  75 

The  company  also  reports  that  the  total  cash  receipts  from  all  sales 
to  date  amount  to  838,778,924.24,  and  87,006,120.17  outstandi]ig  on 
account  of  time  sales. 

The  express  business  on  the  company's  line  of  road  is  transacted  by 
the  Pacific  Express  Company,  under  contract  dated  May  1, 1880,  the 
railroad  company  receiving  a  i^ercentage  of  the  gross  earnings. 

Pullman  parlor,  sleeping,  and  dining  cars  are  run  under  contract 
dated  February  and  August,  1889. 


862  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

The  telegrapli  busiuess  is  transacted  by  the  Western  Union  Com- 
pany, under  contract  dated  July  1,  ISSl. 

Sundry  contracts  and  agreements,  relating  to  transportation  and 
leases,  have  been  entered  into  with  other  companies  at  various  times. 

The  i^roperties  of  the  comiiany,  from  Omaha,  Xebr.,  to  Ogden,  Utah, 
and  from  Kansas  City  to  a  point  394  miles  west,  including  roadbed, 
track,  bridges,  buildings,  shops,  etc.,  were  inspected  by  the  engineer  of 
this  Ijureau  in  ISLaj  last.  His  report  thereon  is  contained  in  Ajipen- 
dix  A. 

The  equipment  consists  of  90  passenger,  349  freight,  and  89  switching 
locomotives,  518  of  which  are  equipped  with  Westinghouse  brakes.  In 
the  passenger  service  there  are  13  dining,  GO  sleeping,  25  chair,  132 
first-class,  30  second-class,  46  emigrant,  40  mail,  49  baggage,  12  express, 
3  combination,  and  11  officers'  cars;  a  total  of  424,  all  of  which  are 
equipped  with  Westinghouse  brakes  and  Miller  platforms.  In  the 
freight  service  there  are  6,107  box,  1,081  stock,  1,806  coal,  471  flat,  117 
coml3ination,  427  refrigerator,  796  fruit,  and  230  caboose  cars;  a  total 
of  11,035  cars,  8,679  of  which  are  equii)ped  with  Westinghouse  brakes 
and  175  with  Miller  platforms.  In  the  road  and  miscellaneous  service 
there  are  12  derricks,  22  snow  plows,  31  boarding,  346  dump,  gravel, 
construction,  etc.,  3  wrecking,  1  hand,  and  7  push  cars;  6  derricks,  119 
dump,  et^.,  and  1  boarding  car  are  equipped  with  Westinghouse 
brakes.  One  hundred  and  fifty-eight  locomotives,  88  passenger,  3,504 
freight,  and  100  road-repair  cars  (included  in  the  foregoing)  are  held  in 
trust  by  the  American  Loan  and  Trust  Company,  trustee,  of  Boston. 

There  were  15,376  tons  of  steel  rails  laid  during  the  year,  at  a  cost  of 
$506,837.40,  and  1,338  tons  of  iron  rails,  at  a  cost  of  829,296:77.  Dur- 
ing the  same  period  there  were  placed  in  the  track  630,080  oak,  cedar, 
pine,  and  fir  cross-ties  ,at  a  cost  of  8290,383.09. 

The  amount  expended  for  additions  and  betterments  to  railway  was 
8182,361.68,  and  to  rolling  stock,  8122,294.51,  all  of  which  was  charged 
to  construction  account. 

The  following  statements  show  the  financial  condition  of  the  com- 
pany on  June  30, 1893,  together  with  the  amounts  found  due  the  United 
States  under  the  acts  of  1862,  1864,  and  1878.  Other  financial  and 
statistical  information  relating  to  the  sinking  fund,  bonds  issued,  and 
lauds  granted  to  this  company  will  be  found  in  the  appendixes. 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECEETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


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REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


865 


Comjxirative  statement  of  the  financial  condition  of  the  Union  Pacific  liailway  Company, 

June  30,  1S93. 


LIABILITIES. 


First-mortgage  bonds 

Interest  on  same,  due  and  accrued 

Interest  on  same,  accrued,  not  due 

United  States  subsidy  bonds 

Interest  on  same,  paid  by  United  States. 

Other  funded  deljt 

Interest  on  same,  due  and  unpaid 

Interest  on  same,  accrued,  not  due 

Dividends  unpaid 

A-Ccoinits  payable 

Pay-rolls  and  vouchers 

Called  bonds 


Total  debt . 
C.ipital  stock  — 


'Jotal  stock  and  debt 

ASSETS. 

Eoad  fixtures  and  equipment 

Land  contracts,  land  cash,  etc 

Fuel,  material,  and  stores  on  hand 

Company's  stocks  and  bonds  owned  by 
company 

Company's  stocks  and  bonds  owned  by 
company  in  trust 

Other  stocks  and  bonds  owned  by  com- 
pany  

Other  stocks  and  bonds  owned  by  com- 
pany, in  trust 

Miscellaneous  investments 

Advances  payable  in  stocks  and  bonds  . . 

Sinking  funds  in  hands  of  trustees,  com- 
pany  

Bills  receivable 

Accounts  receivable 

Due  from  other  comxianies  on  account  of 
traftic 

Kepaid  the  United  States  in  transporta- 
tion services  and  cash ." 

Cash  on  hand 


Total  assets 
Surplus 


Tear  ended — 


June  30.  1893.       June  30, 1892 


$42,  5i5, 

186, 

637, 

33,  539, 

51,210. 

44,  209, 

70, 

679. 

18, 

2. 199, 

2,  964, 

167, 


000. 
083. 
805. 
512. 

890. 
885. 
795. 
034. 
709. 
720. 
C91. 
OOU. 


00 


$43, 434,  000. 00 

180, 246.  06 

1,034,492.50 

33,  5L^9,  512.  00 

49,198,519.93 


DifTerence. 


Increase.         Decrease. 


$5, 817. 19 


$889,  000.  00 
396,  086. 72 


2,  012,  370. 72 


51,700,885  00    7,491,000.00 


74,  040.  05 

858,  900.  32 

18, 709.  27 

2,214,511.74 

3,  305,  .559.  38 

155,000.00 


3, 844.  97 
179,  846, 01 


178,  489, 128. 33 
60,  808,  500.  00 


185,  774,  976.  90 
CO,  808,  500.  00 


14,791.13 
340, 867.  65 


7,  285,  848. 57 


239, 357, 628. 33     246,  643,  470.  SO 


155.  662, 
8, 548, 
1, 973, 

509, 

6,  338, 

1, 142, 

48, 107, 
1, 168, 
2,  302, 

3, 984, 

1,630, 

11,  779, 


567.45 
439.  40 
948. 66 

630. 25 

382. 92 

000.  71 

502.  64 
713.45 
408. 18 

922.  20 
637. 23 
377.  33 


223,  972.  57 


33,  228, 
1,771, 


292,  52 
857. 91 


155,  348, 
9,  580, 
2, 029, 

157, 

6, 155, 

715, 

53,515, 

1,  202, 

2,  403, 

3,  514, 
1,  .304, 

13,  389, 


31, 487, 
2,  225, 


481.  36 
850. 76 
282. 84 

620.  00 

382. 92 

841. 82 

580.  09 
208.  74 
084.28 

479.  39 

400.47 
200.  63 


749.  02 
108. 97 


278,  372,  713. 42  j  283,  506,651.  05 


39,  015, 085.  09 


36,  923, 174. 15 


314,  080. 09 


352,  010. 25 
183,  000.  00 
42G,  158.  89 


470, 442.  81 
206, 236. 76 


7,  2S5,  848.  57 


1,032,411.36 
55,  334. 18 


5,  408,  077. 45 
Zi,  555.  29 
100,  616. 10 


1,  740,  543. 50 


1,  609, 883. 30 
253,  287. 19 


453, 251. 06 


5, 193, 937.  63 


2, 091, 910.  94 


The  company  claims  a  credit  in  its  general  balance  sheet  of 
$33,228,292,52  for  transportation  services  rendered  and  ca.sli  payments 
to  the  United  States,  but  the  following  statement,  compiled  from  reports 
furnislied  this  office  by  the  Treasury  Department  of  settled  accounts, 
cash  payments,  and  interest  on  sinking-fund  investments  to  June  30, 
1893,  shows  a  difference  on  that  date  of  8393,959.80,  thus: 

Amonut  of  credits  claimed  by  the  coiiipany $33,  228,  292.  52 

Applied  to  the  credit  of  boud  and  in- 
terest account: 

Transportation $17,  971, 105.  85 

Cash 438,  409. 58 

$18,409,575.43 

Applied  to  sinking-fund  account: 

Transportation $9,  505, 183,  71 

Interest 3,497,859.12 

Cash 1,421,714.46 

■ 14,424,757.29 

32,  834,  332.  72 

Difference 393,959.80 

Ab.  93 55 


8C6                                    PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING  THE 

licvcnnc  and  ex]}cnd\iiircs  for  ihc  year  ended  June  50,  1S9S. 

EKVENUE. 

Earnings $19,743,747.41 

Dividends  on  stocks  of  other  companies 290,  015.  00 

Interest  on  bonds  of  this  and  other  companies 1, 278,  065. 49 

Interest  ou  and   income  from  miscellaneous    invest- 
ments    206,5.3.3.59 

Receipts  of  the  land  department  and  trust  income  . . .  125,  433.  82 

Interest  on  U.  S.  sinking  fund  of  company 689,  880.  00 

Discount  ou  collateral,  trust  notes  redeemed 176, 255.  87 

Miscellaneous  land  receipts 9,  327. 83 

Interest  on  Kansas  Pacific  cousoldated  bonds  rej)aid 

by  trustees 486,230.44 


Total. $23,005,489.45 

EXrENDITURES. 

Opernting  expenses 11,  872,  003. 19 

Interest  on  funded  debt $5,  146,  837.  84 

Credit  by  interest  on  other  debt 85,  353. 18 


5.  061.  484.  66 

Losses  on  stocks  of  other  companies 7,  391.  40 

Losses  on  bonds  of  other  companies 912, 184.  33 

Sinking  fund  requirement  companies 715,  267. 50 

New  construction $182,  361.  68 

New  en  uipmcut 122,  294.  81 

304,  656. 49 

Expenses  of  land  department,  taxes,  etc 332,  098. 49 

Interest  paid  by  trustees  on  Kansas  Pacific  consoli- 
dated bonds  /. '- 486,  230.  44 

United  States  requirement *  1,  323,  044.  37 

Premium  ou  purchase  of  8  per  cent  sinking-fund  bonds.  15,  574.  67 

Coal  department,  damage  claims,  etc 10,  91.5.  47 

Premium  ou  bonds  redeemed 116,  436.  84 

Profit  and  loss 646,  369.  78 


Total '. 21,  803,  657.  63 

Surplus 1, 201,  831,  82 

Tlie  followiug  stateinoiits  show  the  amounts  found  due  the  United 
States  by  the  TJnion  division  under  the  ^'Thuiman  act,"  and  by  the 
Kansas  division  under  the  acts  of  1S62  and  ISGi  for  the  year  ended 
Decembers!,  1892: 

Siaienunt  of  amounts  due  the  United  States  hy  the  Union  racifio  Bailway  Com]}any  under 
the  act  of  May  7,  1S7S,  for  the  year  ended  DecemVer  31,  1892. 

Union  Division. 

E.\RNINGS. 

United  States : 

Passenger $50, 139.  .59 

Freight 100,  473.  71 

Maif 849,  955. 16 

Telegraph 57. 59 


Commercial : 

Passenger 2,  335,  542.  98 

SI eep in g  cars  t : 84,  928. 80 

Freight. 10,371,257.90 

Company  freight 473, -280.  28 

Express ' 207,  246.  27 

Telegrapli 39,  727.  51 

Miscellaneous 319, 145.  43 


1,  000,  626.  05 


13,  831, 129. 17 

Total  earnings 14,831,755.22 

*  $1,384,659.40  found  due  the  United  States  by  this  office  for  the  year  1892. 
+  Apportioned   on  the   basis  of  sleeping-car  mileage,  being  43.7947  per  cent  of 
$193^924.85,  income  from  sleeping  cars. 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECEETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     867 

EXPKXSES. 

Maintenance  of  ^Yay  and  structures •-..  $1,227,  250.  59 

Maintcnianco  of  equipment 1,  820,  606.  31 

Conducting  transportation 3,  866,  759.  28 

General  expenses 963,  572. 13 

Taxes " 374,201.63 

Total  operating  expenses 8,  2.52,  389.  94 

Interest  on  first  mortgage  bonds 1,  633,  740.  GO 

Total  expenses  under  act  of  May  7, 1878 $9,  886, 129. 94 

Net  earnings 4,945,625.28 

(TAveuty-iive  per  cent  of  net  earnings  =  $1,  236, 406.  32.) 

DUE   THE   UNITED   STATES. 

One-lialf  Government  transportation,  as  above $500,  313. 02 

Five  per  cent  of  net  of  earnings,  under  act  of  1862 247,  281.  26 

Credit  of  bond  and  interest  account 747,594.  28 

One-balf  GoA'crnmcnt  transportation,  as  above .^ 500,  313.  03 

Credit  of  sinking-fund  account '. 500,  313. 03 

Total  for  the  year 1,  247,  907. 31 

Kansas  Division — Aided  Line. 

earnings. 

United  States: 

Passenger $7,  076. 53 

Freight 9,  832.  46 

Mail 106,  448.  99 

Telegraph 20.17 

$123,  378. 15 

Commercial : 

Passenger 793,  797.  77 

Sleeping  cars* 22,  815.  26 

Freight 2,  289,  065.  90 

Company  freight 37,  217. 57 

Express 52,  542. 71 

Telegraph 7,  292.  98 

Miscellaneous 92,  349. 45 

3,295,081.64 

Total  earnings 3,418,459.79 

EXPENSES. 

Maintenance  of  way  and  structvires 329,  077. 47 

Maintenance  ef  equipment 350,  833.  37 

Conducting  transportation 872,  098. 41 

General  expenses 228,  562.  85 

Taxes 103,469.55 

Total  operating  expenses 1,  884,  041.  65 

New  construction  and  equipment  t . .  .^. 33, 157. 81 

Total  expenses  under  act  of  1864 1,  917, 199.  46 

Net  earnings 1,501,260.33 

Five  per  cent  of  net  earnings 75, 063. 02 

*  Apportioned  on  the  basis  of  sleeping-car  mileage,  being  11.7650  per  cent  of 
$193,924.85  income  from  sleeping  cars. 

t  Distributed  on  the  basis  of  revenue-train  mileage,  being  17.11507  per  cent  of 
$57, 165.88,  the  amount  expended  for  new  equipment. 


868 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


DUE   THE   UXITED   STATES. 


One-half  Government  transportation,  as  above 
Five  per  cent  of  net  earnings  nnder  act  of  1864 

Total  for  the  vear 


$61,  689.  07 
75,  063.  02 


136,  752.  09 


DUE   BY   THE    UXIOX   P.\CIFIC   RAILWAY   COMPANY. 

Union  division 1,  247,  907.  31 

Kansas  division 136,  752.  09 


Total 1,384,659.40 

Com])arat'ne  statement  of   the  earn'uigs    and   expenses   of   the    Union   racijic  Baihcay 

Company, 


Tear  ended— 

Difference. 

June  30, 1893. 

June  30, 1892. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

EAEXIXGS. 

$3,  733,  70H.  00 

14, 032,  257.  93 

1,  054,  395. 39 

330,  309. 17 

593,  078. 92 

$3,  598.  018.  71 

14,  251,  969.  09 

1,034,415.89 

321,  010. 37 

532, 164.  37 

$135,  687.  29 

$219,  711. 16 

Mail                 

19, 979. 50 
9,  298. 80 
60, 914. 55 

Total 

19,  743,  747. 41 

19, 737, 578. 43 

6, 168. 98 

EXPENSES. 

Maintenance  of  way  and  .structures 

1,  871,  974.  78 
2,411,006.19 
5, 575,  280.  31 

2,  013,  735.  91 

1, 828, 137. 90 
2,571,413.64 
5,  269, 483. 13  • 
1,  766,  745. 02 

43, 836.  88 

100, 407. 45 

305,  803. 18 
246,  990.  89 

Total 

11,  872, 0'J3. 19 

11,  435,  779. 69 

436,  223.  50 

7, 871,  744. 22 

8,^01,798.74 

430, 054  52 

1, 822. 59 

1,821.86 

.73 

10, 832.  79 
6,  513.  81 

10,  833.  75 
6,271.98 

.96 

236. 83 

4,318.98 

4,  556.  77 



237. 79 

Percentage  of  expenses  to  earnings 

60.13 

57.94 

2.19 

WISCONSIN   CENTRAL   EAILROAD   COMPANY. 


(XORTIIEP.X   PACIFIC   RAILROAD   COMPANY.) 

This  company  lias  failed  to  submit,  on  the  form  prescribed  by  the 
Bureau,  a  report  of  its  operations  during  the  past  year. 

The  company  was  chartered  in  1853  to  construct  a  road  from  Men- 
asha,  Wis.,  to  Ashland  and  Superior  City,  Wis.,  a  distance  of  330  miles. 
The  road  is  operated  by  the  Xorthern  Pacific  Kailroad  Company  under 
lease.  Portage  City,  Wis.,  via  Stevens  Point  and  Ashland,  Wis.,  are 
the  land-grant  termini. 

By  an  act  of  Congress  approved  May  5,  18G4,  there  were  granted  to 
tlie  company  1,800,000  acres  of  land  in  aid  of  construction. 

The  records  of  the  General  Land  Office  show  that  to  June  30,  1893, 
there  had  been  patented  to  the  comx)any  770,727.08  acres  of  land,  and 
that  200,000  acres  of  railroad-indemnity  lands,  located  in  Wisconsin, 
had  been  restored  to  the  public  domain. 


EEPOPiT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR.  869 

CONCLUSION. 

The  jurisdiction  of  this  Bureau  exteiuls  over  forty-nine  original  com- 
panies which,  by  consolidation  and  lease,  arc  no\v  included  in  and 
operated  by  fifteen  companies  or  "systems,"  with  an  aggregate  of 
njiward  of  07,000  miles  of  railway. 

The  duties  devolving  upon  the  Bureau  are  technical  in  character, 
and  require  practical  experience  in  the  intricate  methods  of  railway 
accounting.  They  include  a  supervision,  by  personal  inspection  and 
examination,  of  the  valuable  properties  of  the  railway  companies,  and 
a  settlement  of  accounts  involving  millions  of  dollars  annually.  They 
require  a  familiarity  with  what  are  known  as  the  Pacific  Eailway  acts 
and  the  decisions  of  the  courts  interpreting  them.  The  duties  to  be 
performed,  therefore,  are  in  the  highest  degree  important,  and  the  serv- 
ices rendered  are  of  corresponding  value  to  the  Government. 

It  affords  me  great  pleasure  to  commend  the  general  efticiency  of  the 
employes  of  the  Bureau. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  very  respectfully, 
Your  obedient  servant, 

Wade  Hampton, 

Cowviissioner. 

Hon.  Hoke  S^mith, 

Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


EEPOET     OF     THE     GOVEENMEXT    DIEEGTOES     OF     THE 
UNION  PACIFIC   EAILWxVY. 

August  30, 1893. 

Sir  :  The  Government  directors  of  the  Union  Pacific  Eailway  Com- 
pany hereby  submit  their  report  for  the  fiscal  vear  ending  June  30, 
1893. 

From  a  recent  examination  personally  made  by  one  of  the  Govern- 
ment directors,  the  results  of  which  have  been  confirmed  to  the  satis- 
faction of  all  of  us,  we  are  enabled  to  repeat  with  marked  emphasis 
the  statement  of  our  ]nedecessors  made  in  their  annual  report  for  1892 
as  to  the  excellent  physical  condition  of  the  system,  both  as  to  the 
main  line  and  the  important  branches  thereof.  We  are  confident  at 
no  time  in  the  history  of  the  company  have  its  trackage,  siding,  and 
terminal  facilities  been  more  complete,  the  condition  and  character  of 
its  motive  power  been  as  good,  and  the  amount  of  its  freight  and  pas- 
senger equipment  been  as  extensive  as  at  the  present  time.  A  consid- 
erable expenditure  has  been  made  in  this  direction  with  a  view  to  the 
preijaration  for  the  large  traffic  which  was  looked  for  at  the  beginning 
of  the  present  year,  and  in  the  interest  of  economy  in  the  i)rompt  and 
speedy  handling  of  its  freight  and  passenger  business. 

But  while  the  business  capacity  of  the  road  has  thus  been  enlarged 
and  its  traffic  facilities  materially  improved,  we  have  to  report  that  its 
earnings  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893,  both  gross  and  net, 
have  quite  considerably  decreased.  It  is  hardly  necessary  for  us  to 
give  in  detail  the  causes  of  this  decrease.  They  are  the  same  causes 
which  have  diminislied  the  transactions  and  stagnated  the  business 
enterprise  of  the  entire  country,  and  their  effects  have  been  so  wide- 
spread and  so  manifest  that  a  statement  of  them  would  be  superfluous. 


870 


PAPERtJ   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


T4ierc  has  been  no  addition  to  tlie  mileage  of  tlie  company  by  tlie 
constrnction  of  new  railroads  since  the  last  report  of  the  Government 
directors,  except  a  triHiug  increase  of  some  19  miles,  which  has  been 
cansed  by  the  extension  of  some  sidings,  and  the  completion  of  some 
terminal  facilities.  Under  the  stipulations  contained  in  the  collateral 
trust  indenture  no  extensions  have  been  made,  no  leases  or  guaranties 
of  any  kind  have  been  assumed,  no  bonds  issued,  extended,  or  indorsed 
upon  any  x)art  of  the  system  since  September  4,  1891,  the  date  of  the 
said  instrument. 

For  the  Union  Pacific  Eailway  proper  the  earnings  and  expenses  for 
the  twelve  months,  June  30, 1892,  to  June  30, 1893,  have  been  as  follows : 


1892. 


Earnincs $19,  9G0.  01].  23 

Expenses 11, 132, 15:!.  85 


Surplus 8,827,857.38 


$19.  958,  058.  54 
11,531,803.80 


8, 426,  254. 74 


Increase+ 
Decrease— 


—$1,952.69 
-1-399,649.95 


—401, 602.  64 


For  the  entire  system  for  the  same  period — 

• 

1892. 

1893. 

Increase+ 
Decrease— 

$44,  547.  040.  39 

$44,  240, 713. 27 
28,  695, 792. 20 

$306  927  12 

28,521,110.25 

+  174,681.95 

IC,  02C,  530. 14 

15,  544, 921. 07 

481,609.07 

It  will  be  remembered  that  in  September,  1891,  the  company  created 
a  collateral  trust  for  the  i)urpose  of  relieving  itself  from  the  pressure 
of  its  large  and  unmanageable  floating  debt.  For  this  purpose  sub- 
stantially all  of  the  bonds,  stocks,  and  other  available  assets  of  the 
company  were  transferred  to  the  firm  of  Drexel,  Morgan  &  Co.,  as 
trustees.  By  the  terms  of  the  indenture  of  trust  it  was  provided  that 
collateral  trust  notes,  properly  certified  by  the  trustees,  might  be  issued 
to  the  extent  of  $24,000,000,  and  that  these  notes  should  be  applied  to 
the  payment  or  extension  of  the  existing  floating  debt.  At  the  time 
of  the  creation  of  the  collateral  trust  the  floating  debt  amounted  to 
about  $20,000,000.  The  total  amount  of  collateral  trust  notes  issued 
was  818,710,000.  The  estimatecr  value  of  the  property  and  assets  cov- 
ered by  the  ]>ledge  was  $42,000,000.  The  amount  of  the  outstanding 
collateral  trust  notes  which  have  been  canceled  and  retired  at  the  date 
of  this  report  is  $7,280,000.  The  amount  of  notes  outstanding  is 
$11,130,000.  This  reduction  has  been  effected  by  the  sale  of  a  portion 
of  the  collateral  security.  The  security  still  held  by  the  trustees  has 
beeij  recently  appraised  by  the  company,  as  follows : 

The  estimated  iiiarlict  value  of  bonds $17,  503,  514.  60 

The  estimated  market  value  of  stocks 7, 160,  396.  07 

Total 24,663,910.67 

It  must  not,  however,  be  inferred  from  this  statement  that  the  trus- 
tees have  disposed  of  $17,000,000  of  these  securities  in  order  to  cancel 
and  retire  $7,000,000  in  notes.  Full  allowance  has  been  made  in  the 
estimates  of  the  present  market  value  for  the  depreciation  in  the  selling- 
values  of  these  stocks  and  bonds,  and  the  difference  in  the  estimate  of 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     871 

to-day  and  tlie  estimate  made  in  September,  1891,  includes  botli  -the 
securities  sold  and  the  allowance  made  in  the  decreased  market  Talue 
of  the  securities  still  on  hand.  We  are  satisfied  that  a  prudent  admin- 
istration of  this  trust  will  result  in  the  payment  of  all  the  notes  out- 
standing, and  leave  a  considerable  equity  applicable  to  other  require- 
ments of  the  company. 

The  approaching  maturity  of  the  subsidy  debt  due  by  the  company 
to  the  United  States  seems  to  render  imperative  the  adoption  of  such 
measures  as  will  secure  the  best  return  possible  to  the  Governmentand 
enable  the  company  to  discharge  its  great  functions  as  a  public  carrier. 
The  princii)al  of  the  debt  due  to  the  Government  matures  as  follows: 

November  1,  1895 $640,000 

January  1,  1896 1,440,000 

FeLrnaryl,  1896 4,  320,  COO 

January  1,  1897 6,640,000 

January  1,  1898 17,  342,  512 

January  1,  1899 3,157,000 

Total 33,539,512 

Under  the  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  it  has 
been  held  that  the  interest  accruing  on  these  bonds  was  not  payable 
until  their  maturity,  so  that  the  gross  amount  of  the  debt  due  to  tlie 
United  States  consists  of  the  principal  above  mentioned  and  the  inter- 
est thereon  at  the  rate  of  C  jier  cent  for  thirty  years,  which  was  the 
period  of  all  of  the  said  bonds.  Against  this  accruing  interest  the 
company  has  been  credited  from  time  to  time  with  sundry  amounts  for 
the  transportation  of  mail  and  carriage  of  freight  for  account  of  the 
Government  and  with  certain  cash  payments  made  by  the  company  to 
the  Government  under  the  provisions  of  the  Thurman  Act.  The  approx- 
imate balance  of  indebtedness,  as  it  stands  to-day,  is  $55,000,000.  This 
amount,  however,  is  not  actually  payable  until  the  bonds  respectively 
mature,  so  that,  in  order  to  ascertain  the  exact  i^resent  value  of  the 
indebtedness,  the  gross  amount  to  be  paid  at  the  maturity  of  the  bonds 
must  be  discounted  at  an  agreed  rate  of  interest  for  the  period  to  elapse 
between  the  present  time  and  the  date  of  maturity. 

We  feel  called  upon  to  repeat  the  recommendations  which  have  so 
constantly  been  made  by  all  of  the  Government  directors,  that  it  is  for 
the  interest  of  the  Government  and  of  the  company  and  of  the  commu- 
nities which  this  great  raiboad  serves  to  make  a  prompt,  just,  and 
complete  adjustment  of  the  financial  relations  between  this  company 
and  the  United  States.  This  recommendation  has  constantly  been 
made  to  Congress  iu  various  messages  of  our  Chief  Magistrates,  and 
we  desire  to  report,  as  the  conclusion  of  our  more  intimate  knowledge 
of  the  condition  of  this  company  and  of  this  great  railroad  property, 
that  it  would  be  for  the  great  interest  of  all  parties  concerned  to  carry 
into  effect  the  recommendations  so  made,  to  the  end  that  a  complete 
settlement  of  the  subsidy  debt  due  to  the  United  States  may  be  made. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

E.  Ellery  Anderson, 
Joseph  W.  Paddock, 
EiTziiuGH  Lee, 

Government  Directors. 

Hon.  HoKB  Smith, 

Secretary  of  the  Interior,  Washington,  JD.  C 


872  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


EEPOKT  OF   THE  PEESIDENT   OF  HOWAED  UNIVEESITY. 

Howard  University, 
Washington,  D.  C,  July  8,  1893. 

Sir:  In  behalf  of  Howard  University,  I  beg  leave  to  submit  the 
following  report  of  its  work  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1893: 

As  a  part  of  this  report,  you  will,  please  regard  the  catalogue  for 
1892-'93,  which  I  have  the  honor  to  submit.  The  treasurer's  report 
for  the  same  period  I  have  the  honor,  also,  to  submit. 

From  the  catalogue  you  will  see  that  the  seven  different  departmejits 
of  the  university  have  been  in  active  and  successful  operation,  with  an 
attendance  of  512.  Ninety-seven  have  completed  the  course  in  their 
respective  departments.  These  students  are  from  the  District  of 
Columbia  and  almost  every  State  and  Territory  in  the  Union,  while 
some  are  from  Africa,  the  West  Indies,  and  Japan.  They  are  drawn 
here  partly  because  of  the  great  libraries  and  scientitic  institutions 
connected  with  the  Government,  and  partly  because  so  many  Depart- 
ments of  the  Government  afford  them  opportunities  of  self-help  during 
the  iieriod  of  their  studies.  To  be  more  specific,  the  different  depart- 
ments are: 

First.  The  industrial,  or  manual-labor  department,  where  57  students 
have  received  instruction  in  printing;  61  in  carpentry;  152  in  mechan- 
ical drawing;  G  in  bookbinding;  18  in  tinning;  49  in  sewing;  total,  343. 

The  carpentry,  tinning,  and  bookbinding  have  been  esiiecially  val- 
uable to  the  university  in  repairing  buildings  and  in  binding  books  and 
pamphlets. 

The  second  department  reported  is  the  normal,  in  which  are  trained 
teachers  for  the  common-school  work,  and  where  185  have  been  in 
attendance  and  12  have  graduated. 

The  preparatory  is  the  third  department,  where  students  are  fitted 
for  college,  and  where  G2  have  been  in  attendance  and  12  have  graduated. 

The  college  is  the  fourth  deiiartment,  with  its  33  students  and  C 
graduates. 

The  fifth  is  the  medical  department,  where  134  have  been  in  attend- 
ance, with  28  graduates. 

The  sixth  is  the  law  department,  where  there  have  been  49  students, 
with  33  graduates. 

The  seventh,  the  theological  department,  with  34  students  and  4 
graduates. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  the  theological  department  is  wholly  sup- 
ported by  benevolent  funds  from  the  American  Missionary  Association, 
the  average  expense  to  the  Government  of  the  teachers  in  all  depart- 
ments is  less  than  8G0O  a  teacher. 

To  students  in  the  normal,  industrial,  preparatory,  college,  and  theo- 
logical departments  no  charge  is  made  for  tuition,  and  the  university 
collects  funds  in  aid  of  students  who  need  such  assistance  to  the  extent 
of  about  $50  per  year.  Board  is  furnished  to  all  students  at  $8  per 
month.  Tlie  law  and  medical  dc[)artmeuts  are  supported,  in  part,  by 
funds  of  the  university,  and,  in  part,  by  income  from  tuition.  The  last 
two  years,  however,  the  Government  has  contributed  to  the  sui^portof 
the  law  department. 

During  the  last  year,  from  the  amount  granted  by  Congress,  $23,500 
have  been  expended  in  payment  of  the  salaries  of  professors,  teachers, 
aiul  other  regular  emploj'cs  of  the  university;  $3,000  for  tools,  material, 
wages  of  instructors,  and  other  necessary  expenses  of  the  industrial 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     873 

depaitmeiit;  $500  for  library  books,  bookcases,  shelving,  aud  fixtures; 
$500  for  material  and  apparatus  for  chemical,  physical,  natural  history, 
aud  laboratory  work ;  $1,500  for  repairs  of  buikTiugs;  $500  for  imx)rove- 
meut  of  grounds;  making  a  sum  total  of  $29,500. 

The  maintenance  of  our  work  at  thepresentstaudard  will  require  the 
same  sum  for  the  ensuing  year.  This  is  about  $4,000  less  than  our 
estimate  for  1S93,  and  the  same  amount  less  than  we  actually  expended. 

I  beg  leave  to  call  attention  of  the  honorable  vSecretary  of  the  Inte- 
rior to  the  fact  that  during  the  past  year  the  trustees  have  raised  from 
the  gifts  of  the  benevolent  and  transferred  from  their  iuvestments  and 
have  expended  on  the  erection  of  a  new  hall  for  the  law  department 
the  sum  of  $12,24:7.33,  and  also  have  expended  from  their  funds  $11,250 
for  a  new  amphitheater  for  the  medical  department.  They  very  much 
need  a  new  structure  for  the  library  and  for  anniversary  assemblies  as 
well  as  Sunday  services,  toward  the  erection  of  which  a  daughter  of  the 
late  Hon.  Luke  P.  Poland,  of  Vermont,  has  pledged  $5,000;  a  bequest 
of  J.  H.  Stickney,  esq.,  of  Baltimore,  amounting  to  another  $5,000,  has 
been  added  by  the  trustees,  and  other  benevolent  gifts  for  the  same 
purpose  make  the  whole  amount  in  hand  $12,000.  Last  year  your  hon- 
orable predecessor  recommended  to  Congress  that  the  Government 
participate  in  the  erection  of  this  building  to  the  amount  of  $10,000. 
Will  you  not,  honored  sir,  make  the  same  recommendation  the  present 
year'?  If  it  should  be  granted  us  we  could  proceed  at  once  to  erect  the 
building,  the  amount  estimated  being  about  $24,000.  This,  in  addition 
to  the  appropriation  granted  us  last  year,  will  make  the  sum  essential 
to  our  best  prosperity  $39,500. 

We  believe,  honored  sir,  that  no  work  is  more  important  to  the  wel- 
fare of  the  country  than  we  are  doing.  A  thoroughly  educated  man 
exerts  a  conservative  influence  wherever  he  goes.  We  believe  that  to 
be  the  record  of  our  students,  a  large  portion  of  whom  are  teachers. 

The  treasurer's  report  of  all  i^eceipts  and  expenditures  for  the  current 
year,  a  copy  of  which  is  forwarded  herewith,  will  exhibit  the  workings 
of  the  institution  much  better  than  can  be  written  in  any  other  form, 
showing  as  it  does  the  source  from  which  all  moneys  of  various  kinds 
applicable  to  current  expenses  are  received  and  the  application  of  the 
same. 

Commending  the  university  to  the  generous  consideration  of  the 
Government,  I  am,  very  resi)ectfully, 

J.  E.  Ea^kix, 

Fresident. 
Hon.  Hoke  Smith, 

Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  COLUMBIA  INSTITUTION  FOR  THE  DEAF 

AND  DUMB. 

Columbia  I^'stitution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  • 

Kendall  Green,  Washington,  ID.  C,  Octohcr  14,  1803. 
The  pupils  remaining  in  this  institution  the  1st  of  July,  1892,  num- 
bered 80;  admitted  during  the  year,  31;  since  admitted,  20;  total,  140. 
Under  instruction  since  July  1,  1892,  93  malesj  females,  47.     Of  these, 


874  PAPERS    ACCOMPAISTING    THE 


8.3  have  been  in  the  collegiate  department,  representing  t^Yenty 
States,  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  Canada,  and  57  in  the  pr 


-three 

primary 

department. 


HEALTH. 

No  serious  cases  of  illness  have  occurred  among  the  pupils  during 
the  year.  Excellent  health  has  been  the  rule,  exceptions  to  which  have 
been  slight. 

PUBLIC   SPEAKING  BY   THE   DEAF. 

All  but  one  of  the  members  of  the  graduating  class  whose  essaj^s 
were  read  to  the  audience,  and  these  were  nine  in  number,  addressed  a 
few  clearly  intelligible  woi'ds  orally  to  the  guests  on  the  iilatform  as 
they  came  forward. 

The  one  who  did  not  speak  was  quite  able  to  do  so,  but  asked  to  be 
excused  on  account  of  a  natural  timidity  he  could  not  overcome.  One 
of  the  class,  Mr.  Tilton,  of  Illinois,  delivered  his  entire  oration  orally 
in  a  voice  that  was  heard  and  understood  in  all  parts  of  the  hall.  Mr. 
Tilton  became  totally  deaf  in  his  early  boyhood,  and,  after  having  been 
a  short  time  in  a.  public  school,  entered  the  Illinois  Institution  for  the 
Deaf  and  Dumb,  where  he  was  a  pupil  for  seven  years.  Graduating 
iTom  the  Illinois  Institution  in  18S8,  he  immediately  entered  the  intro- 
ductory class  in  our  college,  and  has  been  a  student  here  for  five  years. 
Both  in  Illinois  and  at  Washington  Mr.  Tilton  has  had  instruction  in 
speech  with  a  view  to  preserve  unimpaired  his  power  of  vocal  utterance. 
These  efforts  have  been  so  entirely  successful  that  few  iiersons  hearing 
him  S])eak  would  think  of  his  being  a  deaf  man. 

Mr,  Tilton's  case  is  alluded  to  thus*  particularly  because  it  is  per- 
sistently claimed  and  asserted  by  promoters  and  friends  of  the  oral 
method  of  educating  the  deaf  that  to  place  a  child,  situated  as  Mr. 
Tilton  was  when  he  became  deaf,  in  a  school  where  the  sign  language 
is  used  will  certainly  lead  to  the  impairment  and  probably  to  the  loss 
of  his  vocal  powers. 

The  public  should  know  that  these  views  are  held  and  advanced  only 
by  those  whose  experience  as  teachers  of  the  deaf  is  limited  to  the  nar- 
row field  of  a  single  method.  Others  who  have  the  wider  view,  which 
comes  from  a  knowledge  of  all  the  methods  that  are  found  to  be  of  serv- 
ice, are  ])erfectly  well  aware  that  the  fears  above  referred  to  are  without 
foundation. 

Furthermore,  they  have  learned  that  deaf  children  and  youth  secure 
distinct  advantages  in  the  way  of  mental  development  and  power  of 
thought  and  expression  through  a  considerable  use  of  the  language  of 
signs  during  their  school  life,  advantages  from  the  lack  of  which  those 
to  whom  the  use  of  signs  has  been  denied  are  often  found  to  suffer  seri- 
ously in  comparison  with  the  others.  Mr.  Tilton's  experience  is  by  no 
means  singular. 

In  the  college  and  in  the  schools  of  the  country  in  which,  as  in  it  the 
combined  system  is  maintained,  large  numbers  of  children  and  youth 
who  have  ac(piired  speech  before  becoming  deaf  are  constantly  to  be 
found  whose  power  of  vocal  utterances  is,  with  a  very  moderate  amount 
of  care,  easily  and  tally  maintained,  and  even  considerably  improved. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR.  875 

THE  DEPAIIT3IENT   OF  ARTICULATION. 

Instruction  in  speech  lias  been  continued  in  botli  school  and  college 
with  increasingly  satisfactory  results.  The  system  of  classification 
fully  detailed  in  our  last  annual  report  has  been  continued.  Every 
student  and  iiupil  is  ofl'ered  instruction,  and  only  those  are  excused  from 
work  in  this  department  ^^•ho  can  without  doubt  occupy  their  time  to 
better  advantage  with  other  things.  These  students  only  in  the  col- 
lege were  so  excused,  and  two  of  these  were  under  instruction  in  speech 
for  a  part  of  the  year.  In  the  Kendall  school  only  three  pupils  were 
without  instruction  in  speech,  and  those  will  receive  such  teaching 
later  on. 

Among  the  college  students  there  "were  seven  who  were  born  deaf,  or 
who  lost  their  hearing  in  very  early  childhood,  who  were  absolutely  with- 
out speech  at  the  beginning  of  last  year,  who  during  the  year  made 
remarkable  advances  in  gaining  control  of  their  hitherto  untrained  vocal 
organs.  One  of  them,  who  will  not  return,  gained  enough  speech  in 
his  single  j-ear's  training  to  enable  him  to  converse  at  home  with  his 
family  and  to  make  oral  utterance  his  means  of  communication  in  busi- 
ness. In  this  connection  it  ought  to  be  said  that  friends  of  our  students 
must  not  expect  the  college  to  do  the  work  that  should  have  been  com- 
pleted in  the  i)rimary  school.  For  those  students  who  come  to  us  with- 
out speech,  time  and  strength  will  not  suffice  to  secure  advanced  intel- 
lectual culture  and  also  a  comi)lete  mastery  of  speech,  even  where 
ability  for  the  latter  exists. 

The  main  object  of  the  college  is  to  afford  its  students  full  opportu- 
nity for  the  greatest  advances  they  can  make  in  practical  scholarship. 
But  it  is  our  purpose,  and  we  are  confident  we  now  possess  the  teach- 
ing force  necessary  to  this  end,  to  preserve  unimpaired  to  all  our  stu- 
dents whatever  jiowers  of  speech  and  speech-reading  they  may  bring 
with  them  to  the  college. 

Orally  taught  deaf  jiersons  need  not  have  the  slightest  fear  that  in 
taking  places  in  a  college  where  the  language  of  signs  and  the  man- 
ual alphabet  have  their  jjroper  and  necessary  places  and  uses,  any 
risk  will  be  run  of  losing,  even  to  a  slight  degree,  their  dearly  bought 
and  highly  valued  power  of  vocal  utterance. 

CONGRESSES  AND  MEETINGS  AT   CHICAGO. 

The  occasion  of  the  World's  Fair  and  the  action  of  the  organization 
known  as  the  World's  Congress  Auxiliary  led  to  a  number  of  meetings 
in  the  interest  of  the  deaf,  all  held  at  Chicago,  during  the  month  of  July 
last,  in  which  the  officers  and  graduates  of  this  institution  took  more 
or  less  conspicuous  parts. 

The  w^orld's  congress  of  instructors  of  the  deaf  was  attended  by  more 
than  200  teachers  activ  ely  engaged  in  the  work,  among  whom  were  dele- 
gates from  England,  Scotland,  Ireland,  and  Canada.  Sixty-two  papers 
were  read  on  35  different  topics,  all  on  the  invitation  of  a  committee 
of  arrangements.  Nine  of  these  papers  were  from  officers  of  this  insti- 
tution and  17  from  graduates  of  the  college,  all  but  1  of  whom  are 
instructors  in  the*schools  of  this  country  and  Canada. 

The  world's  congress  of  the  deaf  was  larger  in  numbers  than  that  of 
the  instructors,  and  included  delegates  from  Ireland,  France,  Germany, 
Austria,  and  Sweden.  Out  of  the  49  papers  presented  15  were  from 
graduates  and  former  students  of  the  college. 


876  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Among"  tlie  many  subjects  of  interest  to  the  deaf  considered  by  the 
congress  the  question  of  metbods  was  discussed,  and  tbe  following  res- 
olution was  unanimously  adopted: 

Ixesolved,  That  it  is  the  sentimcut  of  this  Congress  that  the  combined  system  is 
the  one  proper  and  perfect  method  of  educating  the  deaf,  and  that  its  adoption  he 
reconuuended  to  all  schools  ■where  it  is  not  yet  observed. 

The  mover  of  the  resolution  remarked  in  presenting  it  that  it  had 
the  unanimous  approval  of  the  delegates  from  foreigu  countries. 

When  it  is  known  that  in  this  congress  of  educated  deaf  jiersons 
there  were  many  graduates  of  oral  schools,  the  unanimity  with  which 
the  resolution  was  adopted  is  significant.  The  attitude  taken  on  this 
question  by  one  of  the  most  important  meetings  of  educated  deaf  mutes 
ever  convened  is  gratifying  to  the  officers  of  this  institution,  for  it  is 
here  that  the  combined  system  was  faithfully  advocated  more  than 
twenty-five  years  ago  as  that  best  adapted  to  secure  the  greatest  good 
of  the  gTcatest  number  of  the-  deaf.  How  generally  this  system  i)re- 
vails  in  America  will  appear  when  it  is  stated,  as  found  in  the  tables 
of  the  American  Annals  of  the  present  year,  that  outof  8,G22  pui)ils  in 
attendance  7,G20,  or  more  than  88  i)er  cent,  were  in  schools  conducted 
on  the  combined  system. 

The  American  Association  to  Promote  the  Teaching  of  Speech  to  the 
Deaf  held  its  third  summer  meeting  in  Chicago  from  the  14th  to  the 
28th  of  July,  at  the  buildings  of  the  University  of  Chicago.  This 
institution  was  represented  by  6  delegates.  Owing  to  the  fullness  of 
the  programme  arranged  for  the  congresses  this  association  held  no  for- 
mal meetings  for  the  discussion  of  methods  and  processes  of  instruc- 
tion. 

Its  action  in  securing  the  university  as  a  place  where  all  interested 
in  the  education  of  the  deaf  could  obtain  comfortable  quarters  at  mod- 
erate expense  while  visiting  the  exposition  and  attending  the  con- 
gresses, was  most  highly  appreciated.  And  the  cordial  hospitality  of 
the  fouuder  and  president  of  the  association,  Prof  Alexander  Graham 
Bell,  in  giving  a  reception  at  the  university  on  Saturday,  July  22,  to 
the  members  of  all  the  associations  and  congresses  then  meeting  in 
Chicago,  will  long  be  remembered  most  pleasantly  by  the  guests  on 
that  occasion. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted,  by  order  of  the  board  of 
directors. 

Edward  M.  Gallaudet, 

F  resident. 

Hon.  noKE  Smith, 

Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


REPOET  OF  THE  FEEEDMEN'S  HOSPITAL. 

Freedmen's  Hospital, 
Washington,,  D.  C,  August  1,  1893. 
Sir:  I  respectfully  submit  the  annual  report  of  this  hospital  and 
dispensary  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893: 

The  whole  number  of  patients  admitted  aud  treated  in  the  hospital 
was  2,G2G,  an  increase  of  87  over  last  year.  Of  this  number  511  were 
white  and  2,115  colored.  Of  the  white,  400  were  males  and  111  females. 
Of  the  colored,  1,022  were  males  and  1,003  females. 


KEPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR.     877 

In  the  dispensary  attached  3,809  jiersons  were  prescribed  for.    Tlie 
cases  treated  were  surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

******* 

Table  D. — Occupaiion  of  patients. 


Occupations. 


Servants 

Laborers 

Ex  soldiers  — 

Drivers 

Cooks  

Waiters 

Laundresses... 

Hostlers 

Sailors 

Housekeepers 

Barbers 

Farmers 

Carpenters  — 

Painters 

Chambermaids 

Clerks 

Nurses 

Hucksters 

Coachmen 

Bricklayers . . . 
Blacksmiths . . 
Hod-carriers.. 
Shoemakers  . . 

Students 

Seamstresses.. 

Butchers 

Porters 

Printers 


No. 


Occupations. 


Watchmen 

^Molders 

Boatmen 

Plasterers  

Tailors 

Hack  men 

Wlute\^-aslicrs . 
Stonecutters... 
Storekeepers  .. 

Fishermen 

Ex-U.  S.  Navy. 

Newsboys  

Butlers 

Basket-makers 

Conductors 

Guides 

Firemen 

Plumbers 

Dairymen 

Dressmakers  .. 
Electricians  ... 
Coach-painters 

Machinists 

Janitors 

Dredgers 

Iceman 

Baker 

Shoeblack 


No. 


Occupations. 


Stone-mason  ... 

Druggist 

Bellman 

Cabinetmaker  . 

Bookkeeper 

Plate-printer  . . 
Well-digger  ... 

Peddler 

Jockey  

Paper-hanger.. 
Boat- builder . . . 

Gardener 

Bartender 

Oyster-dredger 
Civil  engineer . 

Teacher 

Coach-builder. . 

Lawyer 

Lumberman  ... 
Upholsterer  ... 

Undertaker 

Cigarmaker 

Messenger 

Engineer 

Eeporter 

No  occupation . 
Unknown 


1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
67 
484 


Table  E. — Xativiiy  of  patients. 


Where  born. 


Virginia  

District  of  Columbia 

Maryland 

Ireland 

Pennsylvania 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

Germany 

England 

South  Carolina 

Ohio  

Georgia 

Massachusetts 

Canada 

Alabama 


No. 


867 

538 

485 

80 

74 

GG 

52 

28 

16 

16 

13 

13 

11 

10 

7 


"Where  born. 


Delaware     , 

New  Jersey 

Kentucky  ". 

West  Virginia. ., 

France 

Louisiana 

Florida 

Missi.sfcippi   

Connecticut 

Missouri 

Russia 

Illinois 

'J'exas 

Rhode  Island 

New  Hampshire 


No. 


Where  born. 


Indiana 

Ssvitzerland 
Scotland  . . . 

Africa 

Tennessee . . 

ISIaine 

Michigan   .. 

italy 

Nova  Scotia 

Wales 

Greece 

West  Indies 
Unknown  .. 


No. 


T.VBLE  F. — Showing  the  numher  admitted  each  month. 


Month. 


1802 

July 

August  

September  

October 

November 

December 


No. 


229 
244 
252 
206 
165 
168 


1893. 

January  

February  

March 

April 

May 

June 

Total 


No. 


203 
171 
190 
196 
211 
187 


2,422 


878  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Table  G. — Showing  the  mnnher  each  year  for  the  xiasi  nineteen  years. 


During  yearendcd  June — 

No. 

During 

j-ear  ended  June — 

No. 

During  year  ended  3  une— 

iTo. 

1875 

190 
319 
500 
519 
612 
819 
892 

1883 

1,102 
1,373 
1.  .509 
1,791 
1,923 
2,017 
1,997 

1880 

2  074 

1876 

1833 

1890 

2  392 

1877 

1884 

1891 

2,373 

1 S7S 

1885 

1892 

2,331 

1S79 

1880 

1893 

2,422 

ISSU 

1887 

ISSl       .       .            .     . 

1888.. 

i 

EEPORT  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  VISITORS. 

Government  Hospital  foe  the  Insane, 

Washington,  D.  C,  August  31,  1893, 
Sir:  In  accordance  with  the  statute  requirements  the  board  of  vis- 
itors respectfully  submit  this,  their  thirty-eighth  annual  re})ort : 

^  ^  ^  in?  ^  ^  ^ 

The  total  number,  345,  of  admissions  during  the  year  is  considerably 
above  the  average  number  of  the  past  ten  years,  although  it  has  been 
more  than  once  exceeded  during  that  time;  but  the  number,  1,020, 
remaining  June  30,  181)3,  and  the  total  number,  1,942,  under  treatment 
during  the  year  are  without  parallel  in  the  hospital  annals.  It  is  prob- 
able that  admissions  will  continue  to  exceed  discharges  and  that  for 
some  years  to  come  the  population  of  the  hospital  must  be  expected  to 
slowly  increase.  There  is,  however,  still  some  consolation  in  knowing 
that  this  is  by  no  means  the  hospital  of  largest  population  in  the 
country. 

The  number  of  deaths  was  181,  or  9-32  per  cent  of  the  whole  number 
under  treatment.  The  average  age  of  those  remaining  under  care  has 
been  each  year  advancing  by  reason  of  the  preponderance  of  men  from 
the  National  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers,  who,  as  a  rule, 
when  broken  down  with  age  and  mental  infirmity,  end  their  days  here. 
Consequently  the  per  cent  or  mortality  will  inevitably  exceed  that  in 
hospitals  whose  inmates  are  drawn  equally  from  all  classes  of  the  com- 
munity in  which  they  are  situated.  In  this  connection  of  advanced 
life  it  is  also  interesting  to  notice  that  in  only  10  of  those  who  died 
had  the  mental  disease  been  of  less  than  one  year's  duration.  The 
remaining  171  had  been  insane  for  periods  varying  from  one  to  forty- 
three  years.  The  leading  causes  of  death  have  been  organic  brain  and 
X^ulmonary  diseases,  each  class  numbering  40  cases.  Prostration  from 
heat  appears  as  an  unusual  cause  of  death  in  a  hosx)ital  for  the  insane. 
The  summer  months  of  1892  were  the  hottest  known  to  our  records. 
Exhaustion  due  to  the  high  temperature,  continued  day  and  night,  was 
no  doubt  an  element  in  the  fatal  result  in  a  considerable  number  of  .the 
chronic  cases,  but  the  three  cases  where  the  cause  is  given  as  prostra- 
tion from  heat  were  old,  bedridden  patients,  who  in  the  midst  of  a 
protracted  term  of  torrid  heat,  without  exposure  to  the  sun's  rays,  sud- 
denly presented  the  leading  symptom  of  sunstroke.  Two  others  simi- 
larly affected  survived.  Six  I'atal  cases  of  dysentery  occurred,  which 
were  undoubtedly  of  malarial  origin.  During  the  past  year  the  partial 
filling  of  the  extensive  flats  on  the  Eastern  Branch  of  the  Potomac 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR      879 

bordering  on  the  hospital  grouucls,  thereby  closing  the  swash  channel 
and  at  each  ebb  of  the  tide  exposing  broad  surfaces  of  mud,  with  acres 
of  deconaposing  vegetable  matter,  has  resulted  lu  an  unnsnal  number 
of  malarial  cases  among  our  inmates  and  employes.  This  filling  is  being 
done  by  the  Government,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  Congress  will  provide 
for  the  speedy  completion  of  wliat  has  been  regarded  as  a  very  neces- 
sary sanitarj'  work  for  Washington,  but  which  has  thus  far  proved  for 
the  hospital  a  most  unsanitar^^  measure. 

The  per  cent  of  recoveries,  hardly  inore  than  ojie-flfth  of  the  whole 
number  of  discharges,  including  deaths,  although  a  natural  result  of 
the  conditions  of  the  classes  jirovidcd  for,  is  well  calculated  to  prevent 
any  professional  boasting  of  results.  It  is  a  noble  work  that  hospitals 
do  when  they  restore  the  reason  and  bring  back  the  man.  But  it  is  no 
ignoble  work  when,  incurable,  they  care  for  and  protect  him  in  his 
mental  infirmity,  making  the  most  of  what  remains.  In  an  asylum  for 
soldiers  who  have  given  the  best  of  their  lives  to  their  country  this  is 
for  the  most  part  what  we  have  to  do.  To  make  that  life,  with  its 
necessary  limitations,  as  near  as  we  can  like  the  life  outside  with  its 
occupations  and  diversions,  but  without  its  vices;  this  is  what  the  best 
hospitals  of  to-day  strive  to  accomplish.  Hence  these  farms,  gardens, 
and  orchards,  green  lawns,  and  graded  walks,  books,  musical  instru- 
ments, and  pictures,  rides  and  excursions,  dogs,  poultry,  and  country 
surroundings  that  may  seem  homely,  yet  for  them  make  it  home.  In 
this  faith  may  we  not  expect  the  means  to  enable  us  to  build  farm  cot- 
tages and  plant  working  colonies  on  our  new  lands?  For  these  broken 
minds  life  will  then  have  the  more  in  it,  be  the  better  worth  living. 
******* 

We  have  been  sjjared  from  startling  events;  no  serious  trouble  has 
arisen  to  interrupt  our  work ;  fire  and  pestilence  have  not  come  nigh 
our  dwelling;  and  with  grateful  hearts  we  commend  the  keeping  of  this 
great  household  to  the  Power  that  heedeth  the  sparrow's  fall,  and  its 
wants  to  a  nation's  charity  that  never  faileth. 
We  are,  sir,  very  respectfully, 

J.  M.  Toner, 

Presidefit 
W.  W.  Godding, 
Secretary  ex  officio. 
Hon.  Hoke  Smith, 

Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  APvCHITECT  OF  THE  H.  S.  CAPITOL. 

Office  of  the  Architect  of  the  TJ.  S.  Capitol. 

Washington,  J).  C,  July  i,  1893. 
Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  most  respectfully  to  present  the  following 
report  in  relation  to  the  improvements  and  repairs  made  to  the  various 
works  connected  with  this  office  during  the  last  fiscal  year,  and  to  give 
a  summary  of  the  amounts  exx^ended  therefor  as  disbursed  by  your 
dei^artment. 


880  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Exjyendilures  for  ivorlc  at  the  Ccqntol  and  for  general  repairs  thereof. 

Pay  rolls,  luechanics,  laborers,  etc $19,069.63 

Labor  not  on  rolls,  paid  by  voucher 574. 86 

Macbiucry,  iron,  and  metal  Avork 1,  841.  71 

Brushes,  broQms,  si^oiiges,  chamois,  aud  soap 583. 64 

Hauling  and  expressage 38. 89 

Hardware 763. 50 

Lumber  and  milhvork 1,  335. 19 

Steam  fitting  and  plumbing 5)62.  66 

BriclvS,.  lime,  sand,  aud  cement 242.  (iO 

Cooking  range 196.00 

Fuel 143.65 

Covering  steam  pipes 44. 40 

Disinfectants 30.  00 

Forage  and  harness 156.  60 

Paints,  oils,  and  glass 1,  814.  71 

Covering  fly  doors 18.  63 

Tin  aud  copper  work 37.  75 

Marble,  tiles,  and  tiling 547.  49 

Brass  registers  for  floors 586.  95 

Care  and  repair  of  clocks 100.  00 

Silver  and  nickel  plating 47.50 

Grates  and  grate  bars 737.  97 

Books  aud  stationery 138.  67 


Total '. 30,000.00 

Appropriated  August  5,  1892 20,  000. 00 

Appropriated  March  3,  1893 10,000.00 

30, 000.  00 

Expenditures  on  account  of  the  sanitanj  improvement,  including  extension  of  Senate  Icitchen 

and  coal  vaults. 

Pay  rolls,  mechanics,  laborers,  etc $14,  891.  79 

Labor  not  on  rolls,  paid  by  voucher 230.69 

Material  for  gas,  steam,  water  pipes,  and  fittings 1,  086.  58 

Hardware  and  metal  work 923.  74 

Excavation 1,  350.  08 

Lumber  and  millwork 412. 53 

Tiles  and  tiling 1,  821.  99 

Slate,  granite,  aud  marble  work 193.  79 

Granolithic  pavement 283.  37 

Plastering 365.  90 

Bluestoue 272. 58 

Sodding  material 53.  84 

One  disk  fan 190. 00 

Lime,  brick,  sand,  and  cement 2,  500. 93 

Caudles 25.60 

Galvanized-iron  work 125. 00 

Expressage 58.  52 

Advertising 12.83 

Brass  registers  for  Senate  floors 81,  018.  78 

Stationery  and  blue-print  worlv 163.  95 

Durham  Ilonse  Drainage  Co.,  of  New  York 24,  570. 00 

W.  H.  Quick,  pluml)ing  and  marble  Avork 15,  300.  00 

H.I.  Gregory,  kitchen  fixtures 1,  215.  00 

Services: 

Waring,  Chapman  &  Farquha'- 871.  30 

George  E.  Waring,  jr 1,  518. 47 

F.  W.  Farquhar .' 2, 106.  .50 

Balance  unexpended 25,  932.  30 

Total 97,496.06 

Amount  appropriated  August  5,  1892 97, 496. 06 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.  881 

CAPITOL  TERRACES. 

Pay  rolls,  meclianics,  laborers,  etc $^143.  39 

Labor  not  on  rolls,  paid  by  vouchers 279.  38 

Bricks,  lime,  sand,  and  cement 262.  05 

Lumber  and  milhvork 300.  03 

Marble  and  granite  ■work 480.  05 

Plumbing  material  and  steam  fitting 723. 99 

Asphalt  and  granolithic  pavement 314.  67 

Paints,  oils,  and  glass 422.  06 

Copper  work 238.  64 

Hardware 133.  39 

Blue-print  work 9. 00 

Expressage 5.  87 

Balance  unexpended  July  1, 1893 '. 4,  855.  02 

Total 8,468.04 

Available  July  1,  1892 468. 04 

Appropriated  August  5,  1892 8,  000. 00 

8,  468.  04 


CAPITOL   GROUNDS. 

Pay  rolls,  mechanics,  laborers,  etc $13,  329. 10 

Labor  not  ou  rolls,  paid  by  voucher 242.  81 

Artificial  pavement , 831. 84 

Hardware  and  ironwork 149.  77 

Fuel,  blacksmith  shop 84. 15 

Moving  shelter  house  of  Washington  statue 70.  00 

Gravel 15.00 

Hauling  and  expressage 2. 35 

Lumber 2.47 

Plumbing  material 22.  30 

Agricultural  implements,  tools,  etc 70. 81 

Brooms,  brushes,  etc 84.  00 

Paints  and  oils 13.  95 

Fertilizers,  seeds,  etc 81 .  45 

Total 15,000.00 

Amount  appropriated  August  5,  1892 15,  000.  00 

LIGHTING   U.    S.    CAPITOL   GROUNDS   AND   BOTANIC   GARDEN. 

Gas  service $15,  706.  37 

Pay  rolls,  lamplighters,  gasfitters,  etc 2,  681.  00 

Chandeliers,  lamps,  and  other  material 1,  052. 03 

Pay  of  attendants,  electric-light  i)lant 3,  276.  45 

Rent  of  electric-light  plant 874. 19 

Extension  of  electric-light  plant 349.  96 

Total 24,000.00 

Appropriated  August  5,  1892 24,  OOO.  00 

SIEAM  HEATING,    SENATE   WING. 

Automatic  drafts  and  steam  regulators $708.  75 

Steam  pipes  and  steam  valves 322.  55 

Labor  of  machinist 71 .  02 

Expressage 1.  38 

Balance  unexj)ended 1,  271.  30 

Total 2,  375.  00 

Appropriated  August  5,  1892 2,  375.  00 

Ab.  93 56 


882  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

PJLKCTRIC-LIGHT  I'LANT,    SENATE. 

Mator ial  for  extending  plant  and  repairs $757. 41 

Balance  unexpended 10,  21&.  45 

•Total 10,972.86 

Available  July  i;  1893 10,972.86 

Very  respectfully, 

Edward  Claek, 
Architect  U.  8.  Capitol, 
To  the  Hon.  Secretaiiy  of  the  Interior. 


EErOKT  OF  THE  SUPEEIKTENDENT  OF  THE  HOT  SPEINGS 

RESERVATION. 

Hot  Springs  Reservation, 
Office  of  the  Superintendent, 
Hot  Springs,  ArT<.,  Atigust  28,  1893. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  of  the  opera- 
tions of  this  ofticefor  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893: 

My  incumbency  of  this  office  only  covers  a  period  of  one  month,  from 
June  1  to  June  30,  and  my  report  can  not,  therefore,  be  as  comprehen- 
sive as  I  would  like  to  make  it. 

The  Government's  interest  at  Hot  Springs,  over  which  the  superin- 
tendent has  control  and  supervision,  are  the  four  mountain  reserva- 
tions, as  follows: 

Acres. 

Hot  Springs  Jlonntain 264-93 

North  Mountain 224  -74 

Sugar  Loaf  Mountain 129-02 

West  Mountain 2«1  -94 

Total 900-63 

and  the  unsold  Government  lots,  156  in  number,  which  are  situated  in 
different  parts  of  the  city.  The  four  mountain  reservations  above 
mentioned  comprise  the  "permanent  reservation"  at  Hot  Springs,  Ark., 
and  are  by  act  of  Congress  approved  June  IC,  1880,  "forever  reserved 
from  sale  and  dedicated  to  use  as  public  parks." 

The  hot  si)rings,  which  are  71  in  number,  all  issue  from  the  west  side 
and  base  of  the  Hot  Springs  Mountain,  the  temx)erature  and  elevation 
of  which  are  shown  by  the  following  table: 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

TahJe  of  springs  upon  tlie  Hot  Springs  Mountain  Reservation. 


883 


[Datum  of  levels. — The  lowest  point  on  the  Hot  Springs  Reservation,  hcing  on  the  east  side  where 
the  Hot  Springs  Railroad  enters  the  same,  approximates  500  feet  ahove  the  tide  water  of  theGuif.] 


No. 

Tempera- 
ture. 

Elevation. 

Character. 

No. 

Tempera- 
ture. 

Elevation. 

Character. 

o 

Feet. 

0 

Feet. 

1 

77 

91.4 

Constant  flow. 

37 

120 

155-5 

Constant  flow. 

2 

76 

98.7 

Do. 

38 

128 

90-2 

Do. 

3 

124 

98 

Do. 

39 

125-5 

92-2 

Do. 

4 

124 

98-3 

Do. 

40 

112 

92-3 

Do. 

5 

80 

115-6 

Do. 

41 

157 

113-5 

Do. 

6 

10:5 
115 

171-6 
172-2 

Do. 
Do. 

42 
43 

110-2 
164-4 

Do.* 
Do. 

7 

iii'" 

8 

121-5 

122 

177-5 
179-6 

Do. 
Do. 

44 
45 

162-8 
171-8 

Do.* 
Do. 

9 

iii'" 

10 

121-5 
105 

182  -2 
120 

Do. 
Do. 

46 

47 

109-8 
176-5 

Do.t 
Do. 

11 

""144 '-5' 

12 

111 

117-5 

Do. 

48 

91 

178-9 

Do. 

13 

135-5 

85-2 

Do. 

49 

131 

170 -1 

Do. 

14 

137 

84-3 

Do. 

50 

145 

179-6 

Do. 

15 

134 

84-7 

Do. 

51 

144 

182-8 

Do. 

16 

101 

135-8 

Do. 

52 

142 

178-3 

Do. 

17 

.140 

Scai)agao. 
Constant  flow. 

53 

145-5 

186-1 

Do. 

18 

93'"" 

158-3 

54 

146 

186-1 

Do. 

19 

84 

159  -3 

Do. 

55 

122 

92-7 

Do. 

20 

83 

102 -S 

Do. 

56 

133 

95-3 

Do. 

21 

106 

107 

Do. 

57 

128 

100-2 

Do. 

22 

122 
125 

118-2 
123  -8 

Do. 
Do. 

58 
59 

101-9 
102 

Do.: 
Do. 

23 

isd" 

24 

113 

127-7 

Do. 

60 

134-5 

112-9 

Do. 

25 

111 

127-7 

Do. 

61 

133 

186-1 

Do. 

26 

106 

127-9 

Do. 

02 

109 

ISO -3 

Do. 

27 

127-5 

i:JO  -3 

Do. 

63 

83 

186-2 

Do. 

28 

145 

129-4 

Do. 

64 

-   135 

186-6 

Do. 

29 

90 

140-4 

Do. 

65 

141 

186-1 

Do. 

30 

134-5 

148-3 

Do. 

66 

87 

185-3 

Do. 

31 

147 

133  -2 

Do. 

67 

113 

Intermittent.  § 
Constant  flow. 

32 

124 

95-7 

Do. 

68 

in" 

85 

33 

140 

89-8 

Do. 

69 

83 

89-7 

Do. 

34 

120 

91-8 

Do. 

70 

89 

89-4 

Do. 

35 

135 

91-8 

Do. 

71 

94 

89-3 

Do. 

36 

no 

90-4 

Do. 

*  Under  big  iron  bath  honse. 
i  Under  bath  house  on  hill. 


I  Inaccessible,  near  Arsenic  Spring. 

§  In  Arlington,  yard.    Flows  after  heavy  rain;  134-0. 

FREE  BATH   HOUSE. 


This  building  was  completed  and  opened  to  the  public  on  February 
23,  1891,  and  has  since  that  time  been  in  continuous  use. 

The  buildinf^-  is  constructed  of  brick,  stone,  and  wood,  with  iron  cor- 
nice and  metal  roof.  The  size  of  the  main  building;  is  45  by  60  feet,  and 
contains  the  office,  waiting  rooms,  dressing-  rooms,  etc.,  on  the  first 
floor,  while  the  second  floor  contains  five  rooms  which  were  designed 
for,  and  are  being  used  by,  the  manager  and  attendants.  The  bathing- 
department  is  one  story,  20  by  53  feet,  and  divided  into  two  depart- 
ments, the  one  for  men  being  larger,  containing  two  pools  12^  feet 
square,  while  the  pools  for  women  are  but  7  by  12^  feet.  The  object  in 
having  two  i)ools  in  each  department  is  that  one  may  be  used  for  bath- 
ing while  the  other  is  being  refilled.  All  the  pools*^  are  built  of  solid 
masonry  and  concreted,  and  are  in  fairly  good  condition.  The  con- 
crete floors  in  the  sweating  rooms  are  in  bad  condition,  and  need  to  be 
replaced  with  new  floors  of  better  workmanship. 

The  building  is  heated  by  the  hot-water  system,  the  furnace  being 
located  in  a  smtill  basement  excavated  for  that  purpose,  which  is  damp 
and  in  bad  condition.  The  heating  apparatus  has  never  been  com- 
pleted, no  radiators  ever  having  been  furnished  for  the  second  story. 
Neither  has  the  building  ever  been  fitted  for  gas  or  electricity. 


884 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Miicli  inconvenience  is  cansed  by  tlie  want  of  a  proper  system  of  hot 
water  and  cooling  tanks  for  tliis  lionse,  tlie  present  snpply  being 
entirely  of  liot  water  from  one  of  tlie  hottest  springs  with  no  means  of 
tem'pering  it  for  immediate  nse.  I  therefore  recommend  that  the  engi- 
neer in  charge  of  the  improvements  now  being  made  on  the  reservation 
be  instructed  to  provide  a  proi)er  system  of  tanks  for  the  use  of  this 
bath  house,  the  cost  of  which  to  be  paid  out  of  the  fund  ''For  the  pro- 
tection and  improvement  of  Hot  Springs  Eeservation"  other  than  that 
set  aside  for  park  imj)rovements. 


RECEIPTS  AND   DISBUESEMENTS. 

The  Government's  annual  income  from  water  and  ground  rents  is  as 
follows: 


Bath  houses: 

Park 

Eastman 

Arlington... 
Alhambra... 

Lamar 

Horse  Shoe. . 
Magnesia  ... 
Okl  Hale... 

Imperial 

Palace 

Ozark , 

Maurice 

Kockalcllow 


Tnhs. 

Amount. 

40 

$1, 200 

40 

1,200 

40 

1,200 

40 

1,200 

40 

1,200 

30 

900 

30 

900 

26 

780 

25 

750 

23 

C90 

oo 

660 

2T 

630 

20 

600 

Bath  houses — Continued. 

Avenue 

Kammelsherg 

Superior 

New  Hot  Springs 

St.  Joseph's  lutirmary. 
Sumpter 


Arlington  Hotel  ground  rent.. 

New  York  Hotel  Co.,  for  extra 

water 


Total. 


Tubs. 


Amount. 


$600 
510 
480 
480 
120 
120 


14,  250 
2,500 


16,  780 


The  regular  exx)enditures,  not  including  fuel  and  lights,  are  as  fol- 
lows: 

Salaries,  per  aniiiim: 

Snperinteudent $2,  500 

Manager  of  free  bath  lionse 1,  020 

Male  attendant  at  free  batli  liouse 660 

Female  attendant  at  free  bath  house 360 

Scavenger  at  free  bath  house 120 

Watchman  at  pumping  station 600 

Policeman  on  reservation 480 

Waterman  on  reservation 480 

Messenger  at  superintendent's  office 180 

Total 6,  400 

Making  the  total  net  income  of  the  Government  from  Hot  Springs, 
$10,380. 

There  are  four  other  leases  granted  by  the  Department  on  which  no 
bath  houses  have  yet  been  erected  and  no  water  supplied  or  water 
rent  collected.  When  these  become  operative  (if  they  should)  the  Gov- 
ernment's net  income  from  Hot  Springs  would  be  about  $12,500 
annually. 

*  ^  "TP  •!?  ■)¥  w  ^ 

HOT   SPRINGS  AS  A  HEALTH  KESOET. 


With  each  year  that  passes  the  fame  of  Hot  Springs  as  a  health 
resort  spreads  to  the  civilized  nations  of  the  earth,  and  with  each  suc- 
ceeding season  come  health-seekers  from  all  climes  and  in  all  condi- 


-REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR.  885 

tions,  many  to  fiud  temporary  homes  in  tlie  palatial  hotels  wliicli  have 
been  erected  here  in  the  last  few  years,  while  the  less  fortunate  will 
seek  accommodations  all  the  way  down  to  a  $4- a  week  boarding-house. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  impression  has  gone  abroad  that  Hot 
Springs  is  a  season  resort,  and  that  from  January  to  May  is  the  most 
auspicious  time  for  using  the  baths.  While  there  is  nothing  to  dis- 
prove that  these  mouths  are  not  as  good  as  are  the  other  months  of  the 
year  for  bathing,  still  the  other  months  are  just  as  good  as  these,  and 
some  of  them  better,  ou  account  of  the  more  favorable  and  settled 
weather.  There  can  be  no  more  beautiful  weather  found  anywhere 
than  can  be  found  here  from  September  to  December,  or  no  more  favor- 
able time  for  bathing. 

The  hotel  accommodations  in  Hot  Siirings  have  been  greatly 
increased  and  improved,  until  now  they  probably  surjiass  any  other 
health  resort  in  the  country. 

The  city  is  now  through  the  early  stages  of  its  infancy,  and  has 
acquired  most  of  the  modern  improvements.  Its  government  is  intelli- 
gently administered,  and  there  is  perhaps  no  city  in  the  country  where 
better  order  is  preserved  or  where  better  i^olice  regulations  exist  than 
in  Hot  Springs. 

PUBLIC   IMPROVEMIiNTS. 

The  superintendent,  being  advised  that  the  engineer,  Lieut.  Eobt.  H. 
Stevens,  in  charge  of  the  improvements  being  made  ou  the  Hot  Springs 
Eeservation,  will  report  directly  to  the  Department,  does  not  feel  it  his 
duty  to  mention  any  of  the  matters  of  improvements,  except  to  say 
that  the  work  seems  to  be  progressing  satisfactorily,  and  that  some 
very  substantial  and  handsome  improvements  are  being  made.  He 
therefore  does  not  at  this  time  make  any  recommendations  as  to  public 
improvements  further  than  the  necessary  repairs  ou  the  public  build- 
ings under  his  charge,  which  have  been  mentioned  before  in  this  report. 
I  am,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

AVm.  J.  Little, 

Sujyerintendent. 
The  Secretary  op  the  Interior, 

Washington,  D.  C. 


EEPOET    OF    THE    SUPEEIIS^TENDENT    OF    YELLOWSTONE 

i^ATIOis^AL  PAEK. 

Department  of  the  Interior, 
Office  of  Superintendent  of 
Yellowstone  National  Park, 
Mammoth  Hot  Springs,  Wyo.,  July  27, 1S93. 
Sir  :  Complying  with  your  request  of  t\iQ>  ISth  instant,  I  respectfully 
submit  the  following  report  of  operations  and  events  in  the  Yellow- 
stone oSTational  Park  during  the  past  year: 

The  tourist  season  experienced  the  usual  vicissitudes.  Following 
closely  on  the  date  of  my  last  report  came  a  substantial  increase  in 
travel,  and  the  month  of  August,  1892,  showed  a  larger  volume  than 
any  preceding  month.  September  opened  well,  but  cold  weather  com- 
ing about  the  middle  of  the  month  kept  tourists  back,  and  the  last  ten 
days  of  the  season  travel  was  very  slight. 


886  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

During'  fhe  winter  more  snow  fell  than  usual.  On  June  1st  I  started 
throui2:li  the  Park  ahead  of  the  first  load  of  regular  visitors.  The  road 
was  fairly  good  to  the  Upper  Basin  via  the  Fountain;  it  was  absolutely- 
impassable  over  the  divide  toward  the  Thumb.  I  made  an  effort  to 
rea(!h  the  canyon  via  Norris,  but  was  obliged  to  turn  back  on  the  even- 
ing of  June  3,  when  I  was  within  3  miles  of  the  hotel. 

At  that  time  the  snow  averaged  3  feet  deep  over  8  miles  of  this  road, 
and  a  repair  party  had  been  shoveling  on  it  for  three  days.  The  first 
veliicle  got  to  the  canyon  on  the  evening  of  June  4,  and  soon  after- 
wards the  hotel  at  that  place  was  stocked  and  opened.  A  few  days 
later  the  lake  was  reached,  and  that  hotel  was  opened,  but  travel  to  it 
remained  light  until  the  way  was  cleared  for  the  circuit  via  the  Thumb. 
Early  in  June  I  instructed  Oapt.  Scott,  then  in  his  camp  at  Lower  Basin, 
to  use  every  effort  to  open  the  road  across  the  divide.  He  made  sev- 
eral unsuccessful  attempts,  but  finally,  about  June  20,  he  sent  me  word 
that  he  had  been  able  to  reach  the  lake  with  a  working  partj^  and  a 
heavy  wagon.  I  immediately  started  out,  and  was  the  first  to  pass 
over  the  road  in  a  light  vehicle,  on  June  25.  The  next  day  the  road 
was  formall}^  ojienecl  for  stage  travel,  and  has  been  in  use  ever  since. 

I  recall  to  your  honor  that  snow  was  still  found  on  the  roadside  on 
July  20,  when  you  passed  over  it. 

ISTotwithstanding  an  unusual  fall  of  snow  and  a  consequent  late  sea- 
son, the  travel  for  June  was  far  better  than  ever  before  in  that  mouth. 
Doubtless  the  World's  Fair  has  much  to  do  with  this,  for  the  hotel  reg- 
isters show  a  large  majority  of  foreigners  from  every  cjuarter  of  the 
globe.  I  am  sorry  to  have  to  report  a  very  great  falling  off  for  this 
month.  There  are  several  large  excursions  due  in  August,  which  will, 
I  hope,  restore  the  previous  high  average.  In  looking  back  over  jiast 
reports  and  records  I  find  that  July  has  always  been  disapiDointing. 
Peril aps  the  financial  situation  of  the  country  has  somewhat  to  do  with 
the  falling  off  this  year. 

The  regular  travel  last  year  amounted  to  3,G45.  This,  however,  is 
independent  of  camx)iug  parties,  of  which  no  record  is  kept.  With  more 
general  information  about  the  beauties  and  wonders  to  be  seen  here 
the  number  of  tourists  should  multiply  many  fold.  In  Germany  the 
pupils  of  the  common  schools  are  taught  of  this  Park,  and  the  result  is 
abundantly  shown  in  the  large  number  of  Germans  who  annually  visit 
it.  Perhaps  a  wide  distribution  of  some  public  document,  giving  a 
popular  description  of  the  Park  and  its  wonders,  would  have  the  same 
effect  in  this  country.  I  recommend  the  preparation  and  i^ublicatiou 
of  such  a  pamphlet. 

LEASES   IN  THE  PARK. 

The  question  of  leases  and  franchises  in  the  Park  has  come  forward 
very  prominently  within  the  past  year.  The  Yellowstone  Park  Asso- 
ciation has  reduced  its  plant  somewhat,  and  now  has  hotels  at  four 
I^oints  onlj'-,  viz:  Mammoth  Hot  Springs,  Fountain,  Lake,  and  Canyon; 
and  lunch  stations  at  Xorris,  Upper  Basin,  and  the  Tliumb. 

Under  the  present  law  the  association  may  only  hold  10  acres  of  land 
under  lease.  This  much,  it  already  has,  so  it  could  not,  if  it  Avould, 
extend  its  accommodations.  The  benefits  to  the  traveling  public  of  a 
series  of  hotels  under  the  same  management  must  be  apparent  to  all. 
No  monopoly  is  created,  for  it  can  not  be  called  monopoly  when  every 
charge  is  regulated  by  your  Department.  There  is  need  of  a  hotel  at 
Norris;  perhaj)S  one  with  20  or  30  rooms,  with   ample  kitchen  and 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     887 

dining-room  space,  Tvould  answer  for  the  immediate  future.  Tlie 
old  hotel  at  Ux)i)er  Basin  is  this  year  used  as  a  lunch  station  only.  All 
tourists  iKive  to  return  for  the  night  to  the  Fountain,  and  on  the  fol- 
lowing morning  make  their  third  trip  over  this  10  miles.  The  obvious 
remedy  is  a  good  hotel  at  the  Upper  Basin,  and  this  should  be  pro- 
vided for  without  delay.  Tlie  site  of  the  present  hotel  is  incomparably 
the  best  in  the  whole  Basin,  but  unfortunately  it  is  within  the  legal 
limit  of  "  Old  Faithful." 

When  the  law  was  passed  prohibiting  the  erection  of  any  hotel  within 
one-fourth  of  a  mile  of  any  geyser  or  other  object  of  interest,  it  was 
the  fear  of  Congress  that  people  or  corporations  would  obtain  proprie- 
tary rights  within  the  park  and  charge  visitors  for  the  privilege  of  view- 
ing its  wonders.  The  progress  of  time  has  removed  all  that  fear,  and 
the  law  might  well  be  repealed  in  general,  or  at  least  for  this  spot  in 
particular.  I  also  recommend  the  repeal  of  the  law  prohibiting  leases 
for  more  than  10  acres  to  a  single  corporation.  With  these  changes  I 
should  hope  for  an  increase  of  accommodations  that  would  add  greatly 
to  the  pleasure  and  comfort  of  tourists. 

The  leases  of  the  Yellowstone  Park  Association  already  cover  all  the 
ground  to  which  they  are  legally  entitled.  The  cottage  hotel  at  this 
place  is  under  their  management,  but  not  on  their  lease.  It  has  been 
well  managed  and  serves  a  most  useful  purpose.  The  association  should 
in  some  way  be  confirmed  in  its  rights  thereto.  A  lease  for  the  site  at 
the  Fountain  should  be  inade  out  and  delivered  to  it. 

I  recommend  proceedings  in  condemnation,  with  a  view  to  obtaining 
possession,  for  the  Government  of  the  two  frame  cottages  near  the 
mouth  of  Nez  Perce  Creek.  They  are  much  needed  for  the  shelter  of 
the  troops  stationed  at  that  point  each  summer.  The  old  barn  and 
stable  on  the  south  side  of  the  plateau,  facing  the  hotel  at  this  place, 
should  be  removed  and  placed  at  the  foot  of  the  bluft"  back  of  the  hotel, 
as  should  also  the  old  blacksmith  shop  and  other  old  buildings  near  it. 
As  at  present  situated  they  form  a  very  unlovely  foreground  to  an 
otherwise  beautiful  view.  The  old  barn  back  of  the  cottage  hotels  with 
its  surroundings  is  most  unsightly.  A  slight  expenditure  for  renova- 
tion would  greatly  add  to  its  appearance.  The  Transportation  Com- 
pany has  under  lease  all  the  ground  to  which  it  is  legally  entitled. 
Like  the  Park  xVssociation  it  has  need  of  more,  and  this  I  hope  may  be 
granted.  The  company  has  leases  and  rights  withiu  the  j)ark  which 
are  accompanied  by  corresponding  obligations.  Their  lease  requires 
them  to  keep  transportation  in  full  quantity,  and  at  all  times,  for  all  the 
park  travel.  They  are  required  to  keep  all  material  of  first  quality; 
horses  gentle  and  well  broken;  drivers  sober,  courteous,  and  capable. 
It  would  seem  that  under  these  circumstances  they  should  be  protected 
in  their  rights  to  the  most  of  the  park  travel. 

I  have  had  before  me  applications  by  the  score  for  permits  to  carry 
on  transportation  business  within  the  park.  I  am  well  acquainted 
with  many  of  these  applicants,  and  others  I  know  by  repute.  Several 
of  tliem  have  regular  "runners"  at  Livingston  and  on  the  trains 
between  there  and  Cinnabar,  who  make  false  promises  about  what  theif 
own  line  will  do  for  tourists  and  fiilse  statements  about  what  the  reg- 
ular line  does  do.  The  result  is  that  at  the  present  time  they  are  get- 
ting a  large  percentage  of  the  travel,  and  giving,  as  a  rule,  very  poor  serv- 
ice. I  very  often  hear  complaints  on  this  score,  but  up  to  the  present 
time  I  have  been  poMerless  to  help  it.  Everyone  who  lias  traveled 
knows  wliat  a  nuisance  the  hacknum  becomes  about  a  depot  or  land- 
ing.   These  on  the  i)ark  border  are  no  exception  to  the  rule.    They  do 


888  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

not  carry  any  forage;  their  teams  must  either  make  the  trip  on  what 
little  grass  they  can  gather  during  the  night,  or  they  get  their  grain 
by  collusion  with  soldiers  or  employes  within  the  park,         • 

There  are,  of  course,  people  of  limited  means  who  wish  to  make  a 
tour  of  the  park  cheaply,  and  others  who  prefer  to  make  a  camping 
tour.  I  see  no  objection  to  allowing  one  or  two  approved  parties  to 
carry  on  this  kind  of  business ;  but  1  recommend  that  licenses  be  refused 
all  others,  or  that  they  be  placed  under  such  careful  and  close  super- 
vision as  will  abate  the  present  nuisance.  There  is  no  municipality 
that  does  not  license  and  arbitrarily  supervise  its  cab  service,  and  such 
snpe)vision  is  doubly  necessary  at  this  place. 

The  leases  of  Mr.  F.  Jay  Ilaynes  and  Mr.  John  Yancy  will  soon  expire. 
Mr.  Haynes  has  few  equals  as  a  photographer  in  this  country.  He  has 
improved  and  beautified  his  grounds  here,  and  has  conducted  his  busi- 
ness very  satisfactorily.   I  have  recommended  that  his  lease  be  extended. 

There  is  also  satisfactory  reason  for  approving  the  extension  to  Mr. 
Yancy.  He  keeps  a  very  primitive  kind  of  a  place,  but  it  gives  the 
necessary  accommodations  to  the  fishing  parties  that  go  there,  as  well 
as  to  travelers  on  the  Cooke  City  road.  When  the  projected  road  over 
Mount  Washburn  is  completed,  a  hotel  near  Tower  Falls  will  be  needed ; 
but  that  should  be  independent  of  and  different  in  character  from  the 
one  now  kept  by  Mr.  Yancy. 

I  have  recently  aj^proved  the  application  of  Mr.  French  for  lease  of 
certain  parcels  of  land  here,  at  Yancy's,  and  at  Soda  Butte.  These  are 
of  no  benefit  to  the  park  or  to  i)ark  travel,  but  are  only  of  use  in  con- 
nection with  his  contract  to  carry  the  mail  to  Cooke  City.  Should  any- 
thing cause  the  mail  route  to  be  abandoned,  these  leases  should  all  be 
canceled.  Eight  to  keep  a  small  store,  with  such  articles  as  are  gener- 
ally needed  by  tourists,  should  be  granted.  Such  a  store,  with  very 
limited  stock,  is  now  satisfirctorily  conducted  by  the  postmaster,  Mrs. 
George  Ash.  There  has  been  no  change  in  regard  to  the  boat  com- 
pany's leases,  and  none  is  recommended.  I  think,  however,  that 
authority  might  be  granted  to  some  one  to  maintain  one  or  more  naph- 
tha launches  on  the  lake.  It  seems  to  me  that  there  should  be  some 
profit  in  the  venture.  Applications  for  a  few  other  minor  x)ermits  have 
been  sent  you  with  my  approval. 

BOUNDARY  LINES   OF   THE  PARK. 

After  an  existence  of  more  than  twenty-one  years  the  boundaries  of 
the  park  still  remain  unmarked.  I  have  submitted  for  the  considera- 
tion of  the  Department  a  question  concerning  the  northern  boundary. 
There  is  a  question  as  yet  undecided  relative  to  the  western  boundary. 
Once  these  are  finally  settled  the  work  of  actually  locating  and  plainly 
marking  the  entire  line  should  be  prosecuted  with  vigor.  The  timber 
reservation  on  the  east  and  south  of  the  park  has  been  placed  under 
the  "same  rules  and  regulations  as  obtain  within  the  park;"  in  fact,  it 
has  become  a  part  of  the  park.  A  contract  has  been  let  for  a  survey 
•of  the  lines  of  tliis  addition.  No  work  more  useful  ibr  the  protection 
of  the  park  has  yet  been  undertaken.  1  hope  another  season  will  see 
the  north  and  east  lines  carefully  run  and  marked,  and  the  greatest 
obstacle  to  the  control  and  protection  of  the  park  thus  eliminated. 

There  are  those  who  wish  to  cut  off  portions  of  the  park  whenever 
selfish  or  mercenary  interests  ask  it.  As  now  constituted,  including 
the  timber  reserve,  it  is  devoted  to  the  pleasure,  the  instruction,  and 
the  benefit  of  the  whole  people.    The  slightest  encroachment  ui)on  its 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     889 

limits  but  opens  tlie  door  to  further  dismemberment.  I  am  positively 
opposed  to  all  of  these  schemes,  and  particularly  to  the  one  known  as 
the  "segregation"  bill,  which  proposes  to  hand  over  to  the  hundred  or 
less  inhabitants  of  Cooke  City  the  most  valuable  section  in  the  north 
l^art  of  the  park.  I  still  adhere  to  the  remarks  on  this  subject  in 
ray  report  for  the  last  year,  to  which  I  invite  your  attention.  Xoniore 
visionary  scheme  was  ever  conceived  than  that  of  running  a  raih'oad 
from  Cinnabar  to  Cooke  City  for  the  poor  mineral  prospect  that  exists 
there. 

The  "promoters"  of  this  scheme  say  that  the  mineral  wealth  of  the 
district  "is  generally  conceded,"  but  no  mining  expert  of  reputation 
and  character  has  ever  reported  otherwise  than  against  it.  The  sworn 
testimony  of  T.  F.  Oakes,  president  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Eailroad, 
on  page  226,  House  lieport  No.  195G,  first  session  Fifty-second  Congress, 
says :  "  There  is  nothing  in  Cooke  City  mines,  and  we  don't  want  a  rail- 
road there;"  and  further,  that  it  would  not  be  profitable  to  build  a  load 
there,  and  that  he  "  did  not  want  it."  If  such  a  concession  is  ever  made 
I  trust  it  will  be  coupled  with  a  condition  that  no  part  of  the  land  shall 
be  given  over  to  other  than  railroad  uses,  and  that  it  shall  revert  to  the 
park  if  the  road  is  not  completed  within  two  j'ears  at  the  farthest. 
When  the  contractor  for  the  survey  of  the  timber  reserve  reaches  here 
I  purpose  going  with  him  to  the  initial  i)oint  of  his  survey,  "  the  east- 
ernmost point  of  Yellowstone  Lake."  I  shall  also  go,  if  i)racticable,  to 
the  jioint  10  miles  east  of  there,  where  he  begins  his  boundary  line. 
These  points  I  desire  should  be  well  monumented,  as  it  is  not  likely 
that  any  future  dismemberment  of  the  park  will  change  them. 

PROTECTION   OF  FORESTS. 

After  two  summers  of  remarkably  good  fortune  in  dealing  with  forest 
fires  I  have  this  year  to"  report  a  most  disastrous  one.  During  the 
month  of  June  the  rainfall  was  but  0-38  inch,  which  is  less  than  ever 
before  recorded.  In  July,  thus  far,  there  has  been  practically  no  rain. 
The  result  is,  all  vegetation  is  dead  and  diy  and  ready  for  a  conflagration 
on  the  slightest  exposure.  On  July  10,  about  1:20  p.  m.,  I  had  a  tel- 
egram from  the  corporal  stationed  at  Norris,  saying  a  fire  had  started 
there  and  he  needed  a  half  dozen  men  to  help  extinguish  it,  Lieut. 
Nance  was  at  drill  with  the  troop.  I  immediately  stopped  drill,  and  in 
less  than  half  an  hour  a_  sergeant  and  0  men  were  en  route  to  the 
scene.  Just  as  they  left  the  post  I  received  a  supplementary  telegram 
saying  the  fire  was  beyond  control.  I  then  ordered  the  balance  of  the 
troop  to  start  at  once,  and  ordered  Capt.  Scott  down  froni  the  Lower 
Basin  with  his  troop.  All  the  available  men  of  both  troops  have  been 
watching  and  fighting  this  fire  for  more  than  two  weeks  night  and  day. 
It  is,  I  believe,  under  control,  and  unless  the  wind  should  bring  it  up 
anew,  I  hope  to  be  able  to  withdraw  the  soldiers  in  a  day  or  two. 

Capt.  Scott  and  Lieut.  Nance,  with  their  men,  deserve  hearty  thanks 
for  energy  and  perseverance  in  fighting  against  it.  IIow  it  started  is 
not  definitely  known.  It  occurred  on  the  roadside,  about  half  a  mile 
north  of  the  Norris  station.  Capt.  Scott,  who  has  investigated  the  mat- 
ter, believes  it  originated  with  the  party  building  the  new  road  at  that 
point.  The  party  had  left  work  and  gone  to  their  dinner  when  the  fire 
was  discovered  in  the  place  they  were  last  working.  It  is  possible,  how- 
ever, that  it  originated  in  a  cigar  carelessly  thrown  from  a  coach  by  a 
passing  tourist.  Unless  rains  soon  come  there  is  grave  danger  of  a 
repetition  of  the  case,  and  should  more  than  one  fire  rage  at  a  time,  it 


890  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

would  be  impossible  to  control  tliem,  and  the  entire  iiark  would  be 
liable  to  destruction. 

It  has  been  reported  to  me  that  men  have  been  heard  to  say  that 
they  would  burn  over  the  entire  park  in  return  for  my  opposition  to 
the  segregation  scheme.  I  know  there  are  men  in  the  country  of  just 
such  character,  yet  I  have  small  fear  that  they  will  actually  carry  out 
their  threats. 

The  country  recently  burned  over  is  very  irregular  in  outline,  and 
extends  northeast  from  the  !Norris  station  about  7  miles,  and  in  i)laces 
is  13  miles  or  more  in  width.  There  have  been  other  fires  started,  but  all 
were  extinguished  before  serious  damage  occurred.  This  experience 
has  taught  me  the  necessity  of  strictly  enforcing  the  penalty  of  expul- 
sion against  everyone  who  fails  to  absolutely  extinguish  his  fires. 

OUTPOSTS. 

The  system  of  outposts  is  the  same  as  last  year,  with  slight  addition 
of  force  at  some  of  them.  I  am  sorry  to  say  that  poaching  has  gone 
on  in  spite  of  them,  but  I  have  no  doubt  they  have  done  much  good. 
My  great  trouble  is  to  get  noncommissioned  officers  to  put  in  charge  of 
them  who  are  able  and  disposed  to  cope  Avith  the  class  of  men  who  form 
the  i)oaching  population.  A  few  very  well-known  transgressors  living 
near  the  south  and  west  boundaries  need  close  watching.  I  need  at 
least  two  more  scouts  for  this  purpose,  and  a  trip  to  that  country  by  a 
special  agent  of  the  Department,  sent  out  for  the  i)urpose,  would  be 
productive  of  great  good. 

MILITAKY   QUARTERS. 

Since  my  last  report  the  only  change  in  the  military  quarters  here  is 
the  erection  of  a  hospital,  which  is  now  approaching  completion.  Troop 
D,  Sixth  Cavalry,  was  retained  during  the  winter  and  contributed  much 
toward  the  efficient  protection  of  the  j)ark.  I  renew  my  suggestion 
that  barracks,  mess  room,  and  stables  be  erected,  and  that  the  garrison 
be  increased  by  the  addition  of  a  company  of  infautr3\  I  have  already 
made  application  for  this  to  the  War  Department,  and  I  hope  your 
influence  will  be  exerted  to  accomplish  the  end. 

ROADS. 

Of  the  roads  I  can  say  bat  little,  as  I  have  no  voice  in  their  construc- 
tion or  maintenance.  Late  last  autumn  about  a  mile  of  new  road  was 
begun  immediately  to  the  north  of  Norris.  I  think  this  road  will  soon 
be  completed. 

A  road  was  laid  out  and  begun  which  passed  for  a  short  distance 
down  the  Gibbon  Eiver,  and  thus  avoided  the  Canyon  Creek  hill.  It 
will  be  a  great  improvement  on  the  old  road,  and  I  hope  will  soon  be 
taken  up  again  and  pushed  to  completion.  Nothing  of  importance  has 
been  done  on  it  yet  this  year. 

Some  small  repairs  have  been  put  on  the  road  between  the  Upper 
Basin  and  the  Thumb,  but  the  important  part,  the  causeway  along  the 
lake,  is  as  yet  untouched. 

The  new  road  is  being  cleared  of  timber  from  the  Thumb  toward 
Lewis  Lake,  and  I  presume  will  soon  be  in  condition  to  be  driven  over, 
although  still  far  from  being  a  good  road.     In  the  present  very  meager 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     891 

state  of  tlie  appropriations  I  do  not  think  anytliiug  more  sliould  be 
done  to  it  for  the  present. 

About  half  a  mile  of  very  beautiful  road  was  located  and  begun  last 
fall,  passing  by  the  brink  of  the  Upi)er  Falls.  It  is  now  being  prose- 
cuted slowly,  and  I  presume  will  be  open  to  travel  by  the  close  of  the 
season.  Lieut.  Chitteiiden  i)romised  last"  October  that  it  should  be 
comx>leted  last  June,  but  some  unfortunate  changes  have  operated  to 
delay  it.  A  third  of  a  mile  of  driveway  has  also  been  opened  near  the 
Grand  Canyon  at  Inspiration  Point.  These,  I  believe,  comprise  about 
all  the  improvements  made  from  last  year's  appropriation. 

At  the  opening  of  the  season  this  year  we  were  again  confronted 
with  a  lack  of  funds  for  road  repairs.  This  is  one  of  the  great  evils  of 
leaving  the  distribution  of  the  money  to  one  who  resides  so  far  from 
the  work.  The  officer  now  in  charge  of  road  work  has  made,  officially, 
a  slighting  remark  about  the  "engineering experience"  and  "business 
methods  essential  to  the  economical  and  efficient  expenditure  of  large 
sums  of  money."  In  face  of  all  this  I  prefer  to  still  remain  the  "  police  " 
officer,  but  to  have  some  little  say  as  to  the  direction  in  which  the 
money  shall  be  expended.  A  more  leisurely  reading  of  my  last  annual 
report  would  have  shown  that  this  is  all  I  then  asked  for.  The  unfor- 
tunate relief  of  Lieut.  Chittenden  last  spring  has  been  a  most  serious 
blow  to  road-building  here.  He  was  greatly  interested  in  his  work, 
tireless  in  his  attentions  to  it,  and  ably  equipped  for  it. 

I  renew  the  recommendation  that  the  acting  superintendent  of  the 
park  be  given  the  control  of  the  work,  and  that  an  officer  of  the  Corjis 
of  Engineers  be  detailed  to  rei)ort  to  him  to  sujierintend  it,  make  the 
detailed  plans,  and  disburse  the  approiiriations.  The  benefits  that 
would  result  are  too  apparent  to  need  explanation. 

HOTELS. 

The  hotels  are  again  managed  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Dean,  who  has  proved 
himself  thoroughly  fitted  for  the  position.  Considering  the  distance 
they  are  from  the  markets  and  the  distance  many  of  them  are  from  the 
railroad,  I  regard  them  as  excellent.  The  rates  at  all  are  fixed  by  the 
Department  at  $4  per  day.  After  six  days  this  rate  is  made  $3  by  the 
hotel  management,  with  a  view  of  inducing  people  to  remain  longer 
than  the  time  necessary  for  the  straight  tour.  But  few  take  advantage 
of  this  reduction,  as  people  generally  arrive  with  their  plans  made  for 
a  trip  of  definite  duration,  and  find  it  difficult  to  change  these  ]dans 
after  they  get  here.  The  rooms  are  clean  and  comfortable,  and  the 
fare,  though  plain,  is  very  good.  The  prices  are  lower  than  obtain  in 
any  of  the  first-class  summer  resorts  of  the  country,  and  I  see  no  rea- 
son why  a  "stay  in  the  park,"  rather  than  a  "tour  of  the  park," 
should  not  be  the  rule.  There  is  certainly  much  to  interest  and  instruct 
the  visitor  at  every  one  of  its  hotels. 

TRANSPORTATION. 

The  company  of  which  IMr.  S.  S.  Huntley  is  manager  still  has  the 
lease  for  transportation  privileges.  ISTotwithstanding  this  fact  outside 
parties  by  their  system  of  "runners,"  giving  false  information  and  bad 
advice,  secure  a  large  share  of  the  travel.  The  regular  company  has 
remarkably  fine  transportation.  Their  horses  are  well  fed,  well  broken 
and  safe,  and  vehicles  and  harness  are  excellent  and  well  kept.  Drivers 
as  a  rule  are  competent,  courteous,  and  sober.    So  long  as  this  company 


892  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

is  required  to  Lave  an  abimdaiice  of  transportation  of  tliis  kind  for  all 
the  travel  tliej^  slionld  be  protected  in  their  rights  to  it.  As  stated  pre- 
viously, it  can  not  be  regarded  as  a  monopoly  when  prices  and  condi- 
tions are  arbitrarily  imposed  by  the  Department.  The  vexed  question 
of  stopover  privileges  has  been  quite  satisfactorily  arranged  by  the 
stages  starting  out  for  the  trip  with  a  certain  percentage  of  vacant 
seats,  ready  to  pick  up  any  passengers  who  may  have  remained  behind 
on  a  previous  tour.  This  has  much  reduced  the  complaints  heretofore 
prevalent  on  this  point.  A  tourist  now  has  simjily  to  notify  the  com- 
pany of  the  day  on  which  he  wants  to  go  forward,  and  a  seat  is  provided 
for  him. 

A  good  many  people  continue  to  reach  the  i^ark  via  Beaver  Canyon, 
on  the  Utah  Northern  Eailroad  (Union  Pacific).  Transportation  on  this 
route  is  furnished  mainly  by  the  Bassett  Bro.  They  hold  no  leases 
within  the  park,  nor  have  they,  as  I  am  aware,  any  authority  under 
which  their  business  is  carried  on.  It  is  best  for  all  interested  that 
someone  should  hold  a  regular  lease  for  transi^ortation  from  that  point 
to  and  through  the  park;  that  he  be  required  to  have  the  same  class 
of  transportation  as  the  regular  company  now  has,  and  that  he  be 
protected  in  his  efforts  to  maintain  a  high  standard  by  having  an 
exclusive  right,  with  prices  adjusted  by  the  Department  to  a  moderate 
rate  of  profit.  To  many  the  most  enjoj'iible  way  of  seeing  the  park  is 
with  a  camping  party.  Others  can  not  afford  to  see  it  in  any  other  way. 
Hence  well-equipped  and  org^anized  cami)iug  transportation  is  a  neces- 
sity. Mr.  Wylie  has  established  such  a  line,  and  advertises  regular 
excursions  with  fixed  dates  of  start  and  return.  To  this  part  of  his 
business  I  see  no  j)ossib]e  objection.  He  has,  however,  made  applica- 
tion for  leases  to  plots  of  ground  in  various  parts  of  the  park  whereon 
to  establish  permanent  camps.  The  great  objection  to  granting  these 
leases  is  the  fact  that  a  permanent  camp  is  only  a  step  removed  from 
a  shanty  or  a  "shack,"  and  it  would  be  a  desecration  of  the  park  to 
allow  such  to  spring  up.  Furthermore,  we  should  recognize  the  right 
of  those  who  come  with  their  own  transiiortation  to  use  any  unoccupied 
bit  of  ground  for  their  camps. 

I  have  recently  posted  a  notice  requiring  camping  parties  to  thor- 
oughly police  their  camp  grounds  before  leaving,  but  it  has  not  bef^n 
satisfactorily  observed  as  yet.  Psrhaps  a  few  expulsions  for  nonob- 
servance  will  act  as  a  stimidus. 

BOAT   ON   THE   LAKE. 

The  steamer  continues  to  be  satisfactorily  run,  and  is  greatly  enjoyed 
by  all  tourists  who  make  the  trip  on  it.  There  are  complaints  that  an 
extra  fare  is  charged  for  the  ride,  but  people  who  do  not  care  to  pay  it 
have  the  option  of  going  to  the  Lake  Hotel  from  the  Thumb  in  the  reg- 
ular coaches  without  extra  price.  If  the  amount  of  travel  on  the  boat 
woukl  warrant  a  reduction  of  fare,  and  the  transportation  company 
could  make  a  small  refund  to  those  who  used  the  boat,  I  believe  all 
cause  of  complaint  would  be  removed.  The  boat  company  keeps  small 
boats  and  fishing  tackle  enough  to  accommodate  all  who  wish  to  make 
use  of  them  to  enjoy  the  uneriualed  sport  on  the  lake.  The  addition 
of  one  or  more  launches  would  be  a  convenience,  and  probably  prove 
remunerative. 

ELEVATOR   AT   THE   CANYON. 

Mr.  D.  B.  May  has  renewed  his  application  for  leave  to  xjlace  an 
incline  or  elevator  in  the  canyon,  enabling  people  to  make  a  descent 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     893 

to  the  bottom  ucar  tlie  foot  of  tlie  lower  falls.  To  tliis  project  I  am 
very  strongly  opposed.  The  elevator  will  be  au  uiisigbtly  objectagainst 
tlie' beautiful  walls  of  tlie  canyon,  will  land  its  passengeis  wliere  they 
can  not  get  an  extended  view  in  any  direction,  and  in  my  opinion  will 
not  prove  a  profitable  venture.  Ou  inquiry  I  find  more  tourists  who 
would  not  go  down  it  if  paid  to  do  so  than  I  find  willing  to  pay  for 
the  trip. 

TOURISTS. 

Last  year  all  names  written  or  scratched  on  the  beautiful  geyser  for- 
mations were  erased.  That  made  it  possible  to  detect  any  new  ones 
and  to  apply  needed  discipline  to  the  perpetrators  of  this  foolish 
vanity.  Several  parties  were  arrested  and  sent  back  to  erase  their 
names,  and  the  influence  of  these  examples  was  excellent.  It  is  worthy 
of  note  that  a  great  majority  of  the  names  thus  written  are  in  a  hand 
exhibiting  lack  of  familiarity  with  writing  imi:)lements.  Specimen 
hunters  also  continue  their  vandalism,  but  with  the  careful  watch  kept 
by  the  soldier  guards  about  the  formations  this  trouble  is  kept  at  a 
minimum. 

After  the  close  of  the  Upper  Basin  Hotel  last  October  someone — 
jirobably  one  of  the  help  from  the  hotel,  or  one  of  the  drivers  who 
brought  them  out — broke,  a  piece  from  the  beautiful  edge  of  the 
"  Sponge  geyser."  I  made  every  effort  to  discover  the  perpetrators, 
but  without  success.  A  remedy  I  should  apply  in  future  would  be  to 
prohibit  any  of  these  parties  from  ever  again  taking  service  within  the 
Park.  Camx)ing  parties  continue  to  leave  their  fires  unextinguished, 
and  for  this,  under  a  wise  regulation,  they  are  expelled  fi^om  the  Park. 
Several  cases  of  the  kind  have  occurred  this  year,  and  I  have  rigidly 
exacted  the  penalty. 

I  find  tourists  who  comx^lain,  sometimes  with  reason,  but  oftener 
without  a  show  of  it.  As  an  example  of  the  latter  class  I  cite  a  case 
that  has  just  occurred.  A  man  came  through  on  a  pass  covering  rail- 
road and  stage  transportation  and  hotel  bills.  This  was  given  him,  I 
understand,  because  he  was  to'  write  up  the  Park  for  some  pai)er  with 
which  he  was  connected.  At  the  lake  he  wandered  off  to  fish,  and 
when  his  stage  was  ready  he  was  nowhere  to  be  found.  After  a  wait 
and  a  search  the  stage  drove  to  the  canyon  without  him,  but  did  take 
his  baggage.  He  hired  a  conveyance  for  82.50  from  outside  parties  to 
take  him  to  the  canyon,  and  then  demanded  that  this  money  be  repaid 
him  by  the  regular  transportation  company.  I  doubt  if  any  other  case 
has  occurred  quite  as  ilhistrative  as  this  one. 

I  have  also  to  note  that  sinCe  this  report  was  begun  I  have  discov- 
ered a  way  of  "scalping"  Park  tickets.  A  man  buy.«i  a. ticket  for  the 
tour  at  $G0  from  Livingston.  One  of  the  proprietors  of  outside  trans- 
portation meets  him  and  offers  to  take  him  through  with  a  camping 
party  and  accepts  the  ticket  for  pay.  The  ticket  is  then  held  by  the 
man  who  takes  it  up  until  he  finds  a  party  who  declines  to  go  through 
with  him.  To  this  man  he  offers  the  regular  ticket  for  $50.  The  result 
of  this  is  that  the  "scalper"  gets  $50  for  taking  a  man  through  with  a 
camping  outfit,  and  has  a  double  chance  at  tourists.  I  have  forbidden 
all  persons  caught  at  this  work  doing  any  further  business  within  the 
Park. 

The  regulation  promulgated  last  January,  forbidding  firearms  being- 
carried  in  the  Park  without  the  written  permission  of  the  acting  super- 
intendent, has  been  productive  of  much  good,  and  its  beneficial  effects 
will  increase  as  time  goes  on.    Its  execution  adds  much  to  the  work  of 


894  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

tills  office  and  of  the  outposts,  but  the  result  is  wortli  tlie  trouble.  Some 
parties  manage  to  escape  detection  until  their  tour  is  nearly  or  quite 
completed,  but  a  room  full  of  surrendered  arms  is  testimony  to  the  fairly 
efficient  execution  of  the  rule.  Last  summer  Lieut.  Chittenden  collected 
some  very  interesting  statistics  which  should  come  to  your  attention 
and  receive  publicity.  To  get  an  accurate  expression  of  opinion,  he 
took  from  the  hotel  register  each  day  the  name  of  one  tourist  at  random, 
except  that  he  never  took  one  whom  he  knew  personally.  He  thus  got 
people  from  all  parts  of  the  country,  from  all  stations  in  life,  and  of  all 
occupations. 

On  October  22  lie  addressed  to  these  people  the  three  following  ques- 
tions: 

First.  What  was  the  principal  drawback  to  the  enjoyment  of  your  toiir  of  the 
Park? 

Secopcl.  From  the  esperiencd  of  yotir  own  tour  would  you  advise  your  friends  to 
visit  the  Park? 

Tliird.  Assuming  that  there  were  a  complete  system  of  thoroughly  macadamized 
or  graveled  roads,  so  constructed  as  to  largely  eliminate  the  mud  and  dust  nuisance, 
and  on  which  there  would  be  no  hills  so  steep  that  teams  could  not  ascend  them  at 
a  trot,  and  assuming,  also,  that  there  were  a  well-equipjied  electric  railway  covering 
substantially  the  same  route,  by  which  method  would  you  prefer  to  make  the  tour 
of  the  Park — by  coach  or  car? 

Everybody  took  the  greatest  interest  in  gi,ving  full  answers,  and  often 
went  to  some  length  to  emphasize  their  disapproval  of  any  scheme  to 
put  railroads  of  any  kind  in  the  Park.  In  nearly  every  letter  other 
members  of  the  party  took  occasion  to  add  their  views,  so  Lieut.  Chit- 
tenden got  a  good  ]uany  more  answers  than  he  sent  letters.  About 
thirty  letters  never  found  their  destination  and  were  returned.  The 
following  is  the  vote: 

First  questiou,  drawbacks:  Eoads,  91;  hotels,  26  (Upper  Basin  and  Norris  com- 
plained of);  transportation,  17;  mosquitos  and  flies,  17;  weather,  2;  water,  2;  steam- 
boat charges,  2;  no  guides,  1;  geysers  failed,  1;  no  drawback,  24;  no  answer,  4. 

Second  question,  advice  as  to  visiting  Park:  Yes,  135;  no,  2;  no  answer,  4. 

Third  question,  coach  or  car:  Coach,  145;  car,  25. 

A  great  many,  however,  said  that  they  voted  for  the  coach  only  on 
the  condition  of  having  roads  as  specified.  With  a  majority  of  G  to  1 
against  it,  I  believe  the  project  for  an  electric  road  very  undesirable. 

FISH. 

During  the  season  fish  are  taken  in  the  lakes  and  rivers  in  numbers 
almost  passing  belief.  I  would  question  the  i)ropriety  of  permitting  the 
sport  to  go  un(*hecke<l,  were  it  not  for  the  fact  that  their  numbers  are 
apparently  undiminished. 

All  streams  heretofore  stocked  with  trout  now  furnish  excellent  fish- 
iug;  l)robably  no  better  exists  anywhere. 

Bume  months  since  I  wrote  the  Commissioner  of  Fish  and  Fisheries 
concerning  the  advisability  of  stocking  certain  waters  with  black  bass. 
In  reply  he  informed  me  that  a  temi^erature  of  65°  was  necessary  for  the 
spawn  to  hatch.  I  have  had  temperatures  taken  in  these  waters,  show- 
ing temperatures  in  excess  of  65°,  and  now  have  a  promise  from  the 
Commissioner  that  the  plant  will  be  made  as  soon  as  he  can  arrange 
for  it.  He  has  also  promised  to  make  plants  of  the  eastern  brook  trout 
in  Moose  and  Shoshone  creeks. 

"WOEK  DONE  IN   THE   PARK. 

Few  people  would  credit  the  fact  that  in  my  management  of  the  park 
I  have  only  an  allowance  of  a  few  hundred  dollars  each  year  for  all 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     895 

expenses.  Since  my  last  report  I  have  had  authority  to  expend  just 
$500,  of  which  sum  $150  still  remains  to  my  credit.  All  expended  so 
far  this  year  has  been  for  policing  camping  places  near  the  traveled 
roads.  Last  year  I  made  some  expenditures  for  repainting  signboards 
and  some  for  opening  roads,  but  the  meager  allowance  this  year  will 
not  permit  of  such  luxuries.  There  is,  as  you  know,  an  appropriation 
for  "  constructing  and  repairing  roads,"  but  with  this  I  have  nothing 
to  do.  The  only  money  allowed  me  for  the  complete  management  of 
the  park  is  the  small  rents  collected  from  those  who  hold  leases  here. 
This,  I  believe,  aggregates  less  than  $1,000  per  year.  Such  a  sum 
annually  for  the  protection  of  an  area  larger  than  the  State  of  Connect- 
icut is  an  absurdity  that  one  needs  only  to  mention,  ^o  State  or  city 
in  the  land  would  thus  neglect  the  smallest  of  its  public  parks  or  reser- 
vations. 

I  trust  you  will  find  it  in  your  power  to  secure  from  Congress  an 
allowance  with  which  I  can  make  a  beginning  on  the  many  bits  of  work 
that  needs  attention.  A  great  deal  of  work  of  all  kinds  is  done  by  the 
troops,  but  it  is  neither  right  nor  just  that  it  should  be  so.  Their  duties 
are  sufficiently  numerous  and  onerous  in  protecting  the  park  from 
IJoachers  and  guarding  the  formations  from  the  vandalism  of  specimen 
hunters,  etc. 

POACHERS. 

As  the  game  diminishes  in  the  adjacent  States  professional  hunters 
and  trappers  become  more  bold  and  more  active.  Montana,  Idaho, 
and  Wyoming  all  have  stringent  game  laws,  but  in  spite  of  them  the 
game  grows  rapidly  less.  In  Montana  no  conviction  has  yet  been  had 
under  the  law,  and  I  do  not  believe  one  is  iiossible.  In  Idaho  it  is 
much  the  same.  In  Wyoming  the  law  is  more  strictly  enforced,  and 
arrests  and  convictions  freqnently  occur.  A  stringent  lav,',  with  severe 
penalties,  is  one  of  the  most  urgent  needs  of  the  park.  In  this 
immense  area,  surrounded  by  a  very  rough  and  densely  timbered 
country,  it  is  impossible  to  give  our  large  game  the  protection  that  it 
should  have.  VVith  the  addition  of  two  men  as  scouts  and  an  occa- 
sional trip  about  the  park  boixlers  by  a  special  agent  of  the  Department 
much  good  could  be  accomplislied.  jSTothing  but  a  law  with  severe 
penalties  will  entirely  break  up  the  evil.  Confiscation  of  the  outfit, 
under  existing  regulations,  has  but  little  effect,  as  the  outfit  is  gen- 
erally worthless. 

Bears  are  being  trapx^ed  near  all  the  boundaries.  Beaver  are  still 
being  trapped  in  all  parts  of  the  park.  Parties  come  into  the  park  in 
the  spring  on  the  pretense  that  they  are  seeking  work  on  the  roads  or 
looking  for  team  work.  During  the  long  wait  involved  they  devote 
their  time  to  trapping  the  fur-bearing  animals,  and  it  is  almost  impos- 
sible to  catch  them  at  it.  I  suggest  as  a  remedy  that  no  one,  except 
those  having  leases  or  contracts  in  the  park,  be  allowed  to  camp  in 
one  place  for  more  than  two  days.  Of  course  exceptions  could  be 
made  in  cases  of  well-proven  necessity.  I  have  pretty  reliable  infor- 
mation that  about  a  dozen  buffalo  were  killed  last  winter,  and  it  is  not 
improbable  that  even  more  shared  that  fate.  The  heads  of  these  were 
mounted  by  taxidermists  in  Livingston  and  Bozemau,  notwithstand- 
ing the  law  that  declares  the  possession  of  such  parts  prima  facie 
evidence  that  the  j^ossessor  killed  the  animals  within  the  State.  It 
would  be  a  great  assistance  to  me  in  the  preservation  of  tiie  game  if 
some  authorized  x^erson  would  begin  prosecution  of  these  dealers. 


896  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Conviction  probably  would  not  be  liacl,  but  the  annoyance  to  tliem  and 
tlie  publicity  of  tlie  cases  would  liave  good  effect. 

GAME. 

Buffalo. — The  buifalo  liavc  been  seen  often  during  tlie  year,  and  they 
appear  to  be  doing  well.  In  all  tlie  herds  a  fair  iDroportion  of  calves  is 
found.  Those  killed  have  been  mostly  bulls,  so  the  capacity  of  the 
herds  for  increase  has  not  been  diminished.  Late  in  June  a  herd  of 
50  to  CO  crossed  the  road  from  west  to  east  near  the  Eiverside  Geyser, 
Thirteen  calves  were  counted.  They  were  very  tame,  and  not  the  least 
scared  by  the  soldiers  who  went  among  them.  The  estimate  of  400 
placed  on  their  number  last  year  is  surely  not  too  high. 

Moose. — Within  the  past  j^ar  a  good  many  moose  have  been  seen 
near  the  outpost  on  Snake  Eiver.  In  June  a  band  of  7,  with  3  calves, 
was  seen  in  that  vicinity,  and  others  liavebeen  seen  all  along  the  south 
line.   The  establishment  of  that  station  has  done  much  to  protect  them. 

Mountain  sheei). — These  animals  are  found  in  several  parts  of  the 
park,  but  the  most  of  them  are  near  the  north  line.  A  fine  bunch 
winters  each  year  on  Mount  Everts,  not  more  than  2  miles  from  this 
point.  I  saw  them  several  times  last  winter,  and  one  day  in  February 
I  drove  within  75  yards  of  about  a  dozen,  and  they  paid  not  the  slight- 
est attention  to  me.  Segregation  would  result  in  the  destruction  of 
the  herd  in  the  northeast  corner  of  the  park,  which  is  probably  the 
largest  one  anywhere  remaining. 

IJUi\ — For  some  reason  the  elk  did  not  winter  in  the  Hayden  Valley 
in  the  same  numbers  as  formerly.  There  were  abundant  signs  of  them 
in  the  autumn,  and  they  reappeared  again  in  the  spring.  Perhaps 
many  of  them  staid  in  the  open  valley  of  the  Pelican.  The  usual  large 
herd  wintered  in  the  valley  of  the  East  Fork,  between  Yaucys  and 
Soda  Butte.  I  still  believe  that  there  are  25,000  in  the  park.  While 
fighting  the  fire  at  Norris  a  few  days  ago  the  men  saw  a  herd  of  about 
eighty  with  a  large  number  of  calves. 

Bears. — The  bears  do  not  appear  so  numerous  this  year  as  formerly, 
although  they  are  constantly  being  seen  near  the  hotels.  It  is  quite 
probable  that  the  camping  parties  to  which  I  have  referred  have 
trapped  some  of  them  out. 

Antelope. — A  herd  of  about  400  or  500  wintered  on  Mount  Everts  and 
became  very  tame.  They  often  approached  the  town  of  Gardiner  to 
within  a  few  hundred  yards.  There  were  one  or  two  smaller  herds  in 
other  parts  of  the  park. 

Beer. — This  spring  I  saw  more  deer  than  usual,  and  they  are  very 
tame.    They  are  doubtless  increasing  rapidlj". 

Beaver  signs  are  multiplying,  and  over  large  areas  they  receive  fair 
protection.  A  beaver  trap  is  so  easy  to  set  and  so  difficult  for  one 
not  knowing  its  whereabouts  to  find  that  complete  protection  is  impossi- 
ble. The  skins  have  become  so  valuable  as  to  make  this  industry  very 
remunerative. 

AYolverines,  badgers,  porcupines,  otters,  and  other  animals  are 
increasing  rapidly  and  are  often  very  tame.  Ducks  and  geese  breed 
in  the  park  in  great  numbers,  and  are  not  scared  by  the  near  approach 
of  travelers. 

CAPTURE   OF   ANI3IALS. 

The  animals  mentioned  in  my  last  report,  with  several  others  col- 
lected later,  were  sent  to  the  Xational  Zoological  Park  in  Wash- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     897 

ingtoii  last  l^^ovember.  I  now  liave  awaiting  shipment  4  elk,  1  deer, 
3  beavers,  1  badger,  and  1  porcupine,  besides  a  cage  of  smaller 
animals.  During  tlie  season  I  hope  to  secure  enough  to  quite  fill  a 
car.  It  would  be  a  matter  of  great  interest  to  tourists  if  I  had  the 
funds  with  which  to  erect  an  inclosure  and  jiut  into  it  some  specimens 
of  the  game  animals  here  native.  Some  provision  would  have  to  be 
made  for  feeding  them  in  the  winter,  but  the  expense  would  be  very 
small.  Elk,  deer,  and  bufi'alo  could  easily  be  secured,  and  probably 
antelope,  moose,  and  mountain  sheep. 

EEC03IMENDATI0NS. 

Eirst.  The  passage  of  an  act  defining  the  boundaries  as  recom- 
mended last  year. 

Second.  The  enactment  of  a  law  giving  the  park  a  system  of  gov- 
ernment. 

Third.  Complete  the  survey  and  the  marking  of  the  boundary  lines. 

Fourth.  Transfer  to  the  superintendent  the  disposal  of  the  funds  for 
road  work. 

Fifth.  Liberal  appropriations  with  which  to  complete  the  road  sys- 
tem as  approved. 

Sixth.  Apj)ropriations  for  clearing  out  dead  timber,  collecting  and 
keeping  wild  animals,  and  in  general  for  all  means  of  preserving,  j}yo- 
tecting,  and  beautifying  the  park. 

Seventh.  Provide  accommodations  for  a  company  of  infantry  to  be 
made  a  i)art  of  the  j)ermanent  garrison  here. 

These  recommendations  are  for  the  most  part  a  repetition  of  those 
made  last  year.  My  estimate  of  their  imi^ortance  leads  me  to  again 
call  your  attention  to  them.  I  anticipate  much  benefit  to  the  park 
from  your  recent  tour  of  it. 

I  extend  my  thanks  to  Capt.  Scott,  Sixth  Cavalry,  for  the  deep 
interest  manifested  by  him  in  all  that  concerns  the  park,  and  for  his 
constant  and  tireless  labors  for  its  protection. 
Yours,  very  resijectfully, 

Geo.  S.  Anderson, 
Ca2)tain,  Sixth  Cavalry, 
Acting  Superintendent  Yelloicstone  National  Parle. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


EEFOET  OF  ACTIISTG  SUPERINTENDEI^^T  OF  THE  SEQUOIA 
AND  GENERAL  GRANT  NATIONAL  PARKS. 

Camp  at  Mineral  Kino, 
Tulare  County,  Cat.,  August  26,  1893. 
Sir  :  Agreeably  to  your  request  under  date  of  the  18th  of  July,  I 
have  the  honor  to  submit  th<B  following  report  of  operations  in  the 
Sequoia  and  General  Grant  national  parks  since  I  assumed  control. 

I  was  informed  by  letter  from  the  Department  of  the  Interior  of 
April  20  that  I  had  been  designated  as  acting  superintendent  of  the 
Sequoia  and  General  Grant  national  parks.     On  June  G,  in  compliance 
Ab.  93 57 


898  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

■with  Special  Orders  l^o.  44,  Headquarters  Department  of  California,  I 
started  for  my  post  of  duty,  being  in  command  of  Troop  B,  Fourth 
Cavalry,  comprising  2  officers,  50  nieu,  2  paclcers,  2  teamsters,  and  a 
complement  of  wagons  and  pack  mules. 

On  June  20,  after  a  march  of  280  miles,  I  arrived  at  Three  Elvers, 
Tulare  County,  Cal.,  when  I  took  charge  of  the  park. 

The  season  was  very  late  in  the  Sequoia  Park.  The  heavy  snows  of 
the  lirecediug  winter  still  lay  on  the  mountains,  and  the  numerous 
swilt  streams  were  difficult,  and  in  many  cases  impossible,  to  cross. 
The  road  to  Mineral  King  was  blocked  with  snow,  the  Hockett  Meadow 
country  was  covered,  and  access  to  the  Giant  Forest  and  the  northern 
X)art  of  the  park  was  difficult  if  not  impossible. 

"While  for  some  weeks  this  prevented  patrolling  by  the  troops  in  the 
higher  levels  of  the  park,  it  largely  did  away  with  the  necessity  for 
such  patrolling,  since  it  also  made  it  certain  that  no  intrusions  by  sheep 
aiul  cattle  had  taken  place.  Grant  Park,  however,  was  open,  and  a 
detachment  of  3  men,  under  Sergt.  Wilson,  vras  sent  to  occupy  it  on 
June  2G. 

Before  detailing  further  operations  a  short  description  of  the  parks 
would  not  be  out  of  x)lace,  and  is  necessary  to  supplement  the  explana- 
tions of  the  peculiar  features  of  the  region  given  by  my  predecessor. 

Sequoia  Park  is  a  tract  24  miles  loiig  by  from  6  to  12  miles  broad. 
A  glance  at  the  map  accompanying  will  show  that  it  is  shaped  like  a 
letter  2.  It  consists  of  7  townships,  each  6  miles  square.  Four  of 
these  towushiiis  form  the  ui^per  branch  of  the  2  ^  townships  the 
lower  branch,  and,  1  township  the  connecting  branch.  The  center  of 
the  park  is  narrowest,  being  but  G  miles  across. 

Generally  spealiing,  the  Sequoia  Park  may  be  said  to  be  composed  of 
three  great  mountain  masses,  each  totally  distinct  from  the  others,  and 
to  all  intents  and  inirposes  inaccessible  from  the  others  excei)tby  mak- 
ing a  long  detour  outside  the  x)ark.  These  are,  first,  the  portion  south 
of  the  canyon  of  the  East  Fork,  or  the  Hockett  Meadow  country  5  sec- 
ond, the  i)ortion  between  the  canyon  of  the  East  Fork  and  of  the  Mid- 
dle Fork,  or  the  Castle  Eocks  country  5  third,  the  portion  north  of  the 
canyon  of  the  Middle  Fork,  or  the  North  district. 

Trails  there  are,  indeed,  passing  from  one  to  the  other  of  these  divi- 
sions inside  the  i)ark,  but  trails  hardly  worthy  of  that  designation,  so 
steep  are  they,  overgrown  by  bushes  and  tenacious  undergrowth,  rocky, 
dangerous  to  life  and  limb,  and  difficult  and  tedious  to  traverse.  These 
trails  formerlj^  were  beaten  down  and  kept  open  by  cattle,  but  since 
the  exclusion  of  cattle  from  the  park  they  are  difficult  to  find,  washed 
out,  overgrown,  and  rapidly  becoming  totally  impassable. 

Looking  at  these  iieculiarities  in  the  conformation  of  the  park,  its 
pecnh'ar  shape,  taking  in  sections  of  territory  entirely  sei)arate,  distinct, 
and  inaccessible  one  from  the  other,  it  is  difficult  to  understand  why 
the  park  was  laid  out  in  this  fasliion  and  for  what  x^urpose. 

Another  jieculiarity :  No  place  exists  within  the  confines  of  the  park 
where  it  is  practicable  to  obtain  a  fair  eamp  for  troops  accessible  by 
wagons.  The  only  practicable  wagon  road  which  reaches  the  park  runs 
through  t^ie  canyon  of  the  East  Fork  on  steep  side  slopes  all  the  way, 
and  the  remarkable  spectacle  is  afforded  of  the  troops  detailed  to  guard 
the  park  being  obliged  to  establish  their  main  camj)  on  land  outside 
the  park,  land  which  is  sometimes  owned  by  private  parties  and  which 
is  occupied  by  the  troops  at  their  will  and  iilcasure. 

It  is  easy  to  see  how  these  peculiarities  increase  enormously  the  dif- 
ficulties of  patrolling  and  guarding  the  park.    The  main,  or  sui)i)ly) 


EEPOKT  OF  THE  SECEETAEY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     899 

camp  must  be  establislied  on  a  wagon  road,  since  it  is  by  wagons  alone 
that  the  great  quantities  of  forage  and  rations  necessary  can  be  deliv- 
ered at  the  camp,  the  energies  of  the  small  force  of  pack  animals  being 
sufficiently  taxed  in  distributing  supplies  thence  to  the  outi^osts. 

This  main  camp  must  be  either  at  or  near  Three  Eivers  or  near  Mine- 
ral King,  either  on  the  east  side  or  the  west  side  of  the  park.  A 
detachinent  is  necessary  to  guard  Grant  Park,  another  to  guard  the 
northern  district,  another  to  guard  the  southern  district.  These  out- 
I)osts,  at  from  two  to  four  days'  march  from  the  main  camp,  are  reached 
by  diftkult  trails  and  supplied  by  the  pack  trains.  A  troop  of  50  men, 
detailed  to  guard  the  park,  must  thus  be  divided  into  one  large  detach- 
ment and  three  or  four  small  oneSj  about  one-half  of  the  troop  being 
thus  detached. 

THE   GIANT  FOEEST   ROAD. 

These  difticulties  of  guarding  the  park  could  be  greatly  decreased  by 
the  establishment  of  a  road  to  the  Giant  Forest.  Such  a  road  would 
make  it  possible  to  have  the  main  camp  there.  It  is  not  oidy  a  central 
point,  and  a  most  desirable  place  for  a  camp,  but  it  would  insure  the 
protection  and  preservation  of  tliat  one  great  curiosity  of  the  park. 

The  Giant  Forest  is  probably  the  most  magnificent  body  of  timber  in 
the  world.  It  occupies  an  area  of  about  3  miles  square,  on  an  elevated 
X)lateau  east  of  the  Marble  Fork.  It  is  a  continuous,  dense  forest  of 
splendid  trees,  mainly  redwood  and  sugar  i)ine;  nearly  all  these  trees 
towering  300  feet  or  more  above  the  ground,  dwarfing  by  their  majesty 
even  the  hills  they  stand  upon.  The  giant  sequoia  here  attains  its 
finest  rjTowth  and  greatest  dimensions,  and  one  experiences  a  sense  of 
mingled  awe  and  amazement,  standing  beside  these  tremendous  trunks, 
15  to  25  feet  in  diameter,  to  gaze  uj)  the  long  shaft  to  where,  higher 
than  the  highest  church  steeples,  the  first  branches  leave  the  trunk, 
and  higher  yet  to  where  the  delicate  tracery  of  the  leaves  seem  to  inerce 
the  very  heavens.  This  is  the  great  point  of  interest  of  the  Secpioia 
Park.  To  i)reserve  this  beautiful  creation,  this  remarkable  natural 
curiosity,  to  keex)  it  intact  for  the  pleasure  and  profit  of  its  citizens,  the 
Government  established  this  park,  this  X)lace  of  resort,  for  the  word 
"park"  admits  of  no  other  definition.  That  was  well  enough  in  its 
way,  but  having  protected  this  natural  curiosity,  some  way  should  now 
be  provided  to  reach  it.  Not  only  is  this  not  at  i)resent  the  case,  but 
owing  to  the  neglect  of  the  Government  the  Giant  Forest  is  not  nearly 
as  accessible  as  formerly.  The  Government  has  allowed  the  wagon 
road,  which  formerly  led  to  a  point  9  miles  from  the  forest,  to  go  to  ruin,  so 
that  now  it  is  impossible  to  get  with  a  wagon  to  a  point  nearer  than  19 
miles  distant,  the  10  miles  of  this  road  intervening  being  so  washed  out 
as  to  be  scarcely  i^assable  for  pack  mules.  So  inaccessible  is  the  Giant 
Forest  now,  that  during  the  whole  of  the  present  season  up  to  date 
only  two  parties  of  visitors  have  entered  it.  The  Government  when  it 
established  the  park  took  i)OSsession  of  this  road,  which  had  just  been 
com.pleted,  failed  to  reimburse  the  builders,  and  allowed  it  to  go  to  ruin, 
thus  cutting  ofH  access  to  the  very  feature  which  it  proposed  to  secure 
to  the  public. 

This  road,  the  Kaweah  Colony  road,  runs  up  the  North  Fork  from 
near  Three  Eivers  for  10  miles,  where  it  leaves  the  river  and  enters 
the  park.  It  is  narrow,  but  was  laid  out  with  rare  engineering  skill, 
ascending  by  an  easy  grade  along  the  slopes  of  Ash  Mountain,  10 
miles  further  to  the  Colony  sawmill.     This  point  is  2  miles  in  a  direct 


900  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

lino,  9  miles  by  trail,  from  tlie  Giaut  Forest.  It  is  said  that  this  road 
cost  tlic  Kaweah  Colony  $30,000,  and  it  is  certainly  true  that  its  vir- 
tual confiscation  by  the  Government  wrecked  the  association  and 
impoverished  its  members.  It  is  a  pity,  for  the  park  would  have  lost 
none  of  its  value  and  i^icturesqueness  if  township  IC  S.,E.  29  E.,  which 
this  road  traverses,  had  not  been  included  in  the  reservation.  This 
township  is  brushy,  rocky,  and  barren,  except  a  small  strip  of  pine  near 
its  eastern  boundary.  If  it  had  been  left  unincluded,  the  Colony  road 
would  without  doubt  have  been  kept  in  a  state  of  repair,  and  the  for- 
est would  now  be  accessible  to  the  traveler. 

The  people  of  this  vicinity  say  very  truly  that  it  is  well  that  Mineral 
King  was  not  included  in  the  reservation,  or  no  part  of  the  park  would 
now  be  accessible  save  by  trail,  the  Mineral  King  road  being  now  kept 
up  by  the  county. 

APPROPRIATION  FOR  THE  GIANT  FOREST  ROAD. 

I  beg  leave  to  call  the  particular  attention  of  the  honorable  Secre- 
tary to  this  very  imx)ortant  matter.  The  Government  has  reserved 
this  park,  and  if  it  is  to  be  held  as  a  park  it  should  be  made  accessible. 
A  large  amount  of  money — sometimes  as  much  as  $75,000 — is  appro- 
X)riated  each  year  for  the  Yellowstone  Park.  The  Yosemite  Park  has 
toll  roads,  built  and  ke])t  in  order  by  incorporated  companies.  Both 
these  parks  have  been  made  accessible.  Not  a  cent  has  ever  been 
appropriated  for  the  improvement  of  the  Sequoia  Park.  As  it  can  not 
be  expected  that  toll  roads  will  be  established  here,  at  least  for  the 
present,  an  immediate  and  liberal  appropriation  is  necessary,  in  order 
that  this  park  may  fnlfill  the  design  of  those  who  established  it. 

The  Colony  road  from  the  crossing  of  the  main  Kaweah,  near  Three 
Eivers,  to  the  old  sawmill,  is  20  miles  in  length.  An  iron  bridge  is 
needed  across  the  Kaweah  near  Three  Eivers.  For  4  miles  from  this 
point  the  road  is  fairly  good.  A  wooden  bridge  is  there  needed  across 
the  North  Fork.  For  the  next  6  miles  the  road  requires  but  slight 
mending  as  far  as  Haha  Falls.  Thence  to  the  sawmill  the  road  is  in  a 
bad  state.  In  j)laces  the  retaining  wall  has  fallen ;  in  others  small 
landslides  have  come  down  from  the  upper  bank,  depositing  dirt  on  the 
road.  Nearly  everywhere  great  ruts  have  formed,  which  the  rains  of 
each  winter  increase  in  size.  Probably  $300  per  year  would  have  suf- 
ficed to  keep  this  road  in  the  condition  it  was  in  when  troops  first  came 
here.  But  it  has  gone  from  bad  to  worse  j  even  now  extensive  repairs 
are  necessary  to  prevent  its  washing  away  altogether.  From  a  careful 
inspection  of  the  road,  I  am  of  opinion  that  $5,000  is  needed  to  put  it 
in  good  condition.  The  bridges  are  needed  to  make  the  road  available 
before  the  1st  of  July,  when  the  rivers  subside  sufficiently  to  be  forded. 
These  two  bridges  will  cost  about  $4,000. 

From  the  Colony  sawmill  to  the  Giant  Forest  is  a  distance  in  a 
direct  line  of  2  miles,  by  trail  9  miles.  The  canjon  of  the  Marble  Fork, 
3,000  feet  deep,  intervenes.  To  cross  this  canyon  a  road  15  miles  long, 
at  a  cost  of  $30,000,  is  necessary.  It  is  recommended  that  an  officer  of 
the  Engineer  Cori^s  of  the  Army  be  detailed  to  make  the  necessary 
Ijreliminary  surveys  of  this  road. 

THE  NORTHERN  DISTRICT. 

From  the  Giant  Forest  there  is  access  by  comparatively  easy  traUs 
to  the  diifereut  parts  of  the  northern  district  of  the  park  (except  on 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.  .    901 

the  west,  where  the  bushy  and  rocky  country  bordering  the  northern 
part  of  the  canyon  of  the  Korth  Fork  is  almost  impossible  to  traverse). 
This  northern  section  of  the  park  is,  as  a  rule,  a  i3icturesque,  interesting 
country,  well  watered  and  timbered,  mountainous,  with  frequent  mead- 
ows, affording  fine  feed  for  horses.  The  numerous  fine  streams  in  this 
country  are  naturally  well  fitted  for  trout,  but  unfortunately  have  never 
been  stocked.  With  a  road  to  the  Great  Forest  and  plenty  of  trout  in 
these  streams,  this  would  be  a  delightful  resort.  I  am  in  correspond- 
ance  with  the  U.  S.  Fish  Commission  on  the  subject  of  stocking  these 
streams.  I  have  also  been  promised  by  the  Sportsmen's  Club,  of 
Visaha,  a  small  number  of  trout,  which,  if  obtained,  I  iiropose  to  plant 
this  fall.  I  have  also  written  to  the  California  State  fish  commission 
without  success.  In  case  other  resources  fail,  I  i^ropose  to  obtain  a  few 
young  trout  is  September  from  the  Xorth  Fork  and  place  them  in  the 
tributaries  of  the  Marble  Fork.  Numerous  high  falls  have  prevented 
the  fish  from  ascending  the  Kaweah  Eiver  to  this  elevated  country. 
This  country  was  guarded  this  summer  by  a  patrol  under  command  of 
Second  Lieut.  Eutherford,  Fourth  Cavalry,  their  camp  being  at  Hal- 
stead  Meadows.  In  consequence  of  the  thorough  and  conscientious 
work  of  my  j)redecessor,  Capt.  Dorst,  Fourth  Cavalry,  and  his  com- 
mand during  the  last  two  years,  sheep  and  cattle  men  have  religiously 
respected  the  boundaries  of  the  park  thus  far  this  season.  But  one  or 
two  small  bands  of  sheep  have  up  to  date  come'within  the  i^ark,  and 
that  only  for  a  few  hours,  probably  by  accident. 

THE   CENTRAL  DISTRICT. 

This  is  little  else  than  a  sharp  mountain  ridge  between  the  Middle 
Fork  and  the  East  Fork.  ■  It  is-  well  timbered  and  has  a  few  meadows, 
necessitating  an  occasional  visit  by  patrols  to  keep  off  sheep  and  cattle, 
This  mountain  ridge  and  the  canyons  on  the  north  and  south  sides  are 
at  present  an  almost  impassable  barrier  to  direct  communication 
between  the  north  and  south  districts.  A  trail  should  be  cut  from  the 
Giant  Forest  to  Hockett  Meadows  in  the  southern  district.  With  an 
appropriation  of  $3,000  for  rock-blasting,  etc.,  supplemented  by  the 
labor  of  the  troops,  it  is  believed  a  fair  trail  could  be  constructed.  If 
the  limits  of  the  park  are  not  extended,  this  trail  is  urgently  needed. 
The  only  way  to  prevent  further  intrusions  by  a  band  of  cattle,  which 
is  constantly  drifting  on  to  the  park,  and  at  the  same  time  punish  the 
owners,  is  to  drive  the  cattle  across  the  park  and  out  on  the  other 
side.  A  trail  leading  through  the  park  is  necessary  for  this  purpose, 
for  the  cattlemen  could  and  would  resist  any  attempt  to  drive  the 
cattle  into  the  park  after  having  driven  them  out,  which  would  be  the 
case  if,  for  instance,  it  were  attempted  to  drive  a  band  of  cattle  from 
Hockett  Meadows  via  Three  Eivers  to  the  northern  boundary  of  the 
park. 

THE   SOUTHERN  DISTRICT. 

This  is  a  well- watered,  well- timbered  country  lying  south  of  the  East 
Fork.  A  considerable  portion  of  it  consists  of  a  high  i)lateau  easily 
traversed.  Its  natural  boundaries,  however,  consist  of  very  steep  and 
rocky  canj'ons.  It  abounds  with  large,  grassy  meadows,  and  fine  trout 
streams,  well  stocked  with  fish.  On  account  of  its  altitude  and  the 
amount  of  snow  lying  there,  this  part  of  the  park  was  not  occupied  by 
troops  until  July  22,  since  when  it  has  been  kept  constantly  patrolled 
by  First  Lieut.  Alexander  T.  Dean  and  his  detachment.    No  sheep  or 


902  PAPEKS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

cattle  liave  tliiiK  far  intruded  into  this  part  of  tlie  park.  It  is  readied 
by  a  very  steep,  difficult  trail  via  the  South  Fork,  26  miles  from  Three 
Eivcrs  to  ITockett  Meadows,  orpreferablyby  an  easier  trail  via  Mineral 
King,  18  miles  to  Hockett  Meadows.  An  appropriation  of  $200  for 
blasting  powder  and  tools  would  make  it  possible  to  construct  a  good 
trail  from  Hockett  Meadows  to  Mineral  King,  10  miles  long,  thus 
diminishing  the  present  length  of  route  by  one  half. 

GKANT  PARK. 

This  is  a  small  reservation  2  miles  square,  distant  6  miles  northwest 
in  a  direct  line  from  the  northwest  corner  of  Sequoia  Park.  It  is 
reached  by  wagon  road  and  daily  stage  from  Visalia,  55  miles,  or  by 
trail  from  Three  Eivers  via  Eshoin  Creek,  distance  28  miles,  or  by  trail 
from  Giant  Forest,  distance  33  miles.  It  is,  generally  speaking,  a  level 
plateau,  covered  by  a  dense  forest,  in  which  there  are  many  fine  exam- 
ples of  the  Secptoia  gigantea.  Being  more  accessible,  especially  from 
the  city  of  Fresno,  it  is  much  oftener  visited  by  tourists  than  is  the 
Giant  Forest.  At  the  same  time,  on  account  of  its  small  size  and  iso- 
lated position,  it  is  much  more  liable  to  be  overrun  by  cattle.  The 
detachment  stationed  there  has  been  constantly  employed  in  running 
cattle  out  of  the  park,  an  endless  task,  for  as  soon  as  one  band  was 
run  out  another  would  make  its  ai^pearance.  In  the  event  of  the 
Sequoia  Park  not  being  enlarged  so  as  to  include  Grant  Park,  I  rec- 
ommend that  a  wire  fence  be  erected  around  Grant  Park.  The  cost  of 
such  a  fence  8  miles  in  length  would  be:  For  wire  and  nails,  $800^  for 
labor,  $800.  There  is  plenty  of  fallen  timber  from  which  to  mako 
X)osts,  which  are  included  in  this  estimate. 

EXTENSION   OF  THE  PARK. 

I  learn  from  the  report  of  the  superintendent  of  the  Yellowstone 
National  Park  that  on  the  14th  of  April,  1891,  the  limits  of  that  park 
were  enlarged  by  order  of  the  President  by  adding  thereto  a  portion 
of  a  timber  reserve  i^reviously  set  ai)art  by  the  President  under  the 
timber-culture  laws.  There  is  no  doubt  that  this  can  advantageously  be 
done  in  the  case  of  the  Sequoia  National  Park,  and  that  the  limits  can 
thus  be  enlarged  without  materially  interfering  with  the  interests  of 
any  class  of  citizens,  save  sheepmen  and  cattlemen,  who  are  making 
use  of  Government  lands.  The  present  park  is  too  small  to  well  per- 
form the  functions  of  a  game  reserve,  since  the  cold  weather  forces  the 
deer  from  the  high  altitudes  within  the  park  to  the  low  foothills  outside 
the  park,  where  they  are  hunted  assiduously.  Besides,  it  is  too  small  j 
an  area  24  miles  by  9  being  scarcely  sufficient  for  the  purx)ose.  By 
taking  in  a  portion  of  the  forest  reserve  east  of  the  Sequoia  and  Gen- 
eral Grant  national  i^arks  there  would  be  included  a  country  devoid  of 
inhabitants  or  settlements,  without  roads,  but  naturally  suited  for  a 
game  reserve.  It  would  include  and  preserve  the  sources  of  the  Kern 
Eiver,  a  stream  Avhich  is  much  depended  on  for  irrigation.  It  would 
reclaim  from  the  sheepmen  an  area  now  almost  impassable  to  the  trav- 
eler, to  such  an  extent  is  every  living  thing  eaten  off  the  face  of  the 
eartli  and  tramj)led  under  foot  by  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  sheep 
which  every  year  roam  over  that  territory.  (I  am  told  that  this  year 
the  ravages  of  the  sheep  have  been  extraordinary,  and  i)eople  visiting 
the  Kern  Eiver  to  lish  have  to  depart  hurriedly  to  prevent  their  horses 
from  dying  of  hunger.)    This  extension  of  theijark  would  include  what 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR.     903 

is  perhaps  tlie  finest  fisliing  ground  of  America,  or  of  tlie  world,  tlie 
Kern  lakes  and  the  upi^er  waters  of  the  Keru  Eiver.  It  would  include 
some  very  x)icturesque  country,  notably  about  Mount  Whitney,  and 
much  country  in  which,  by  reason  of  its  comparatively  low  altitude, 
deer  can  winter. 

By  making  this  extension,  the  Sequoia  Park  will  become  about  equal 
in  area  to  the  Yoseipite.  I  inclose  a  blue  i)rint  showing  the  proposed 
enlargement.  Beginning  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Grant  Park  I 
w^ould  propose  that  the  line  run  due  east  to  the 'eastern  boundary  of 
the  forest  reserve;  thence  south  along  the  boundary  of  the  forest  reserve 
to  the  point  where  the  southern  line  of  the  x)ark  prolonged  intersects 
that  boundary;  thence  due  west  along  the  southern  line  of  the  park 
prolonged  to  the  southwest  corner  of  the  park;  thence  northwest  along 
the  western  boundary  of  the  forest  reserve  to  the  southwest  corner  of 
Grant  Park;  thence  north  along  the  west  lines  of  Grant  Park  to  the 
point  of  starting. 

This  extension  would  include  Grant  Park  and  the  Mount  Whitney 
military  reservation,  a  reservation  which  I  believe  has  not  yet  been 
thrown  open  to  occuj)ancy  by  settlers.  A  few  years  of  exclusion  of 
sheep  and  cattle  would  make  this  a  gi'and  natural  fishing  and  hunting 
resort,  the  source  of  health  and  x)leasure  to  great  numbers  of  citizens. 

INFANTRY,  NOT  CAVALRY,  NEEDED. 

To  guard  and  police  such  a  reservation  infantry,  not  cavalry,  are 
necessary.  On  a  rough  trail  the  cavalryman  is  im^ieded  by  having  to 
dismount  and  lead  his  horse  half  the  time.  The  cost  of  infantry  would 
be  less.  To  subsist  a  force  of  50  men  requires  the  transport  from  the 
plains,  by  wagon  and  pack  train,  of  1,500  pounds  of  supplies  per  day 
for  cavalry,  against  200  pounds  for  infantry.  The  cost  of  transporta- 
tion is,  therefore,  in  the  case  of  the  cavalry  nearly  eight  times  as  great. 
After  they  have  become  habituated  to  the  mountains,  infimtry  can  do 
as  good  or  better  work  than  cavalry,  penetrating  in  search  of  cattle  or 
sheep  to  side  canyons,  and  on  mountains  where  horses  can  not  follow. 
Our  infantry  needs  practice  in  marching,  and  this  mountain  work  is 
calculated  to  improve  in  morale  and  i)hysique  any  body  of  men  who 
are  engaged  in  it.  Entire  regiments  of  infantry  in  the  French  and 
Italian  services  are  devoted  to  Alpine  work.  For  the  thorough  guard- 
ing and  policing  of  the  enlarged  park,  two  companies  of  infantry  would 
be  sufficient  and  their  x^rovisioning  would  cost  the  United  States  much 
less  than  one  troop  of  cavalry.  Such  a  force,  provided  with  plenty  of 
cheap  jacks  or  burros  as  pack  animals,  could  do  most  efficient  work. 
It  is  believed  that  troops  can  be  of  little  use  in  the  park  before  the  15th 


GAME   AND   FISH. 

From  all  accounts  the  nuiubers  of  bear  and  deer  in  the  x)ark  have 
increased  materially  since  last  year.  This  is  the  principal  game. 
Grouse  and  quail  are  found,  but  not  plentifully,  owing  to  the  high 
altitude. 

As  already  stated,  the  streams  in  the  northern  district  of  the  park 
need  to  be  stocked  with  trout.  I  request  that  the  attention  of  the 
National  Fish  Commission  be  called  to  this  matter.  It  is  a  shame  to 
find  such  fine  trout  streams  devoid  of  trout.     My  guide,  Mr.  West 


904  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Warren,  of  Yisalia,  can  be  of  assistance  in  this  matter;  lie  knows  tlie 
country  and  the  streams  thoroughly. 

POINTS   OF  INTEREST. 

This  park  is  not  i^icturesque  to  the  same  degree  as  the  Yosemite. 
Still  some  very  striking  views  can  be  had  from  a  few  high  points,  nota- 
bly Mount  Silliman,  Mount  Baldy,  Moro  Rock,  Castle  Rocks,  the 
heights  near  Mineral  King,  and  a  point  near  Hocketts  Meadows.  Most 
of  these  points  are  accessible  by  trail. 

FIRES. 

There  were  no  forest  fires  in  the  park  up  to  date. 

SURAT3YS,   CLAIMS,   ETC. 

The  boundaries  of  the  park  should  be  run  by  a  competent  surveyor 
and  marked.  This  has  never  yet  been  done,  and  until  it  is  done  the 
force  guarding  the  park  is  likely  to  be  annoyed  by  intrusions  of  igno- 
rant sheep  and  cattle  men.  Plenty  of  copies  of  the  rules  and  regula- 
tions of  the  park  should  be  sent  the  officer  in  charge,  in  order  that 
they  may  be  posted  on  all  trails  and  roads  entering  the  jiark. 

A  number  of  people  filed  claims  on  lands  that  now  lie  within  the 
park,  before  it  was  established.  One  aged  man,  Mr.  Daniel  Hiteu,has 
for  eight  years  been  trying  to  gain  full  possession  of  a  place  near 
Oriole  Lake,  on  which  he  has  a  house  and  barn  and  numerous 
improvements.  His  claim,  and  all  others  of  the  kind,  should  be  passed 
upon  and  settled  one  way  or  the  other,  that  the  applicants  should  not 
be  kept  in  suspense.  It  would  also  be  proper,  in  my  judgment,  to  reim- 
burse the  Kaweah  colonists  for  the  road  on  which  they  have  spent  so 
much  money  and  labor. 

OPERATIONS. 

1  will  give  here  a  brief  resume  of  the  operations  of  this  troop  during 
the  year. 

The  outpost  at  Grant  Park  of  Sergt,  Wilson  and  3  men  was  estab- 
lished June  2G.  I  inclose  his  report  of  operations  since.  He  deserves 
commendation  for  the  manner  in  which  his  dutied  were  i)erformed. 

Tlie  outpost  at  Ilalsteads  Meadows,  for  the  guarding  of  the  northern 
district  of  the  park,  consisting  of  Lieut.  S.  McP.  Rutherford  and  a 
detail  of  8  men,  was  established  July  10.  I  inclose  Lieut.  Rutherford's 
report,  dated  August  12.  His  patrols  traveled  up  to  that  time  about 
720  miles. 

The  outpost  at  Hocketts  Meadows,  to  guard  the  southern  district  of 
the  park,  was  established  July  22.  It  consists  of  First  Lieut.  A.  T. 
Dean,  Fourth  Cavalry,  and  detachment  of  6  men.  I  inclose  Lieut. 
Dean's  report,  dated  August  20.  His  patrols  up  to  that  date  had 
traversed  408  miles. 

My  thanks  are  due  these  two  officers  for  the  efficient  manner  in  which 
they  have  i)erformed  their  duties. 

In  addition  to  the  patrols  reported  by  these  officers,  numerous  patrols 
and  scouts  have  been  made  from  the  main  camp  and  elsewhere. 

The  total  ivumber  of  niiles  traversed  by  this  troop  and  independent 
detachments  up  to  August  22  was  about  4,000  miles.  Personally  I  have 
been  able  to  visit  most  portions  of  the  parks. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     905 

MAPS. 

I  inclose  for  file  with  my  report  a  map,  prepared  by  topographical 
assistant  Private  Blake,  of  the  Sequoia  and  General  Grant  parks  and 
the  country  contiguous.  Also  a  map  of  General  Grant  Park.  A  large 
map  of  the  Sequoia  Park  in  detail  is  in  course  of  prei)aratiou.  Whcu 
finished  a  copy  will  be  forwarded. 

RESUME   OF  RECOMMENDATIONS. 

In  conclusion  I  take  the  liberty  of  making  a  resume  of  the  recom- 
mendations I  have  made  in  regard  to  this  park: 

(1)  That  $5,000  be  appropriated  and  expended  for  the  repairs  of  the 
Giant  Forest  Koad. 

(2)  That  this  road  be  extended  to  the  Giant  Forest  and  that  the  Gov- 
ernment appropriate  $30,000  for  this  purpose. 

(3)  That  a  bridge  across  the  main  Kaweah  Eiv'eii  be  constructed  at 
a  cost  of  83,000. 

(4)  That  a  smaller  bridge  be  thrown  across  the  Xorth  Fork,  costing 
$1,000. 

(5)  That  a  good  trail  be  built  between  the  Giant  Forest  and  Hocketts 
Meadows,  at  a  cost  of  $3,000. 

(G)  That  $200  be  appropriated  for  blasting,  etc.,  on  short  trail  from  . 
Mineral  King  to  Hocketts  Meadows,  to  be  built  by  labor  of  troops. 

(7)  That  a  wire  fence  be  constructed  about  Grant  Park,  at  a  cost  of 
$1,600. 

(8)  That  $3,000  be  appropriated  each  year  for  the  rei)air  of  roads  and 
trails. 

(9)  That  an  engineer  officer  of  the  Army  be  detailed  to  survey  and 
lay  out  roads  and  trails. 

(10)  That  the  park  be  enlarged  by  taking  in  that  portion  of  the  for- 
est reserve  east  of  the  park,  and  that  the  Sequoia  and  General  Grant 
parks  be  consolidated  under  the  name  of  the  Sequoia  Park 

(11)  That  the  National  Fish  Commission  be  requested  to  stock  the 
many  fine  streams  in  the  park,  now  without  fish. 

(12)  That  the  boundaries  of  the  park  be  surveyed  and  marked  by  a 
competent  surveyor. 

(13)  That  the  claims  of  all  i^arties  to  land  within  the  park  be  settled 
without  delay. 

(14)  That  the  Kaweah  road  be  paid  for. 

(15)  That  infantry  as  well  as  cavalry  be  used  to  patrol  the  park,  being 
better  adapted  to  that  work. 

My  thanks  are  due  to  Capt.  J.  H.  Dorst,  Fourth  Cavalry,  who  pre- 
ceded me  as  sui^erintendent  of  the  iiark,  for  much  information  and 
assistance. 

^  -w  "tP  4f  ^  4p  ^ 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

James  Parker, 
Captain,  Fourth  Cavalry,  Acting  Superintendent, 

Sequoia  and  General  (Jrant  Xational  Farls. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL, 

LOe  AHGBLKS,  -'-  CAL. 


906  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

KErORT    OF    THE    ACTING    SUPEEINTE:N^DENT   OF  THE 
YOSEMITE  NATIOIS^AL  PAEK. 

Camp  near  Wawona, 

Mariposa  County,  Gal.,  July  15,  1893. 

Sir  :  I  liave  tlie  liouor  to  submit  the  following  report  of  the  condition 
of  attairs  and  of  the  management  of  the  Yosemite  National  Park  dur- 
ing the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893: 

Tlie  law  forbidding  trespassing  on  the  lands  within  the  limits  of  the 
park  has  generally  been  observed,  but  .there  were  a  few  cases  where 
the  trespass  was  so  clear,  and  the  intent  so  evident,  that  examples  of 
some  severity  were  made  of  the  oifenders. 

The  Tuolumne  Elver  has  its  source  at  the  north  foot  of  Mount  Lyell, 
and  for  a  distance  of  about  40  miles  the  river  runs  practically  parallel 
to  the  summit  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains.  This  river  drains  all 
the  country  north'^f  it  to  the  summit,  and  as  far  west  as  the  western 
boundary  of  the  park.  The  portion  of  this  area  lying  between  Mount 
Conness  and  Lake  Vernon  on  the  east  has  been  so  torn  by  glacial 
action  that  there  is  a  succession  of  deep  and  rugged  canyons  running 
from  the  summit  to  the  river.  The  divides  between  these  canyons  are 
composed  of  bleak,  bare  rock,  destitute  of  vegetation  of  any  kind.  In 
the  canyons  there  is  generally  a  growth  of  tamarack  trees,  and  at 
places  they  open  out  a  few  rods,  where  a  little  meadow  of  grass  grows. 
Into  that  almost  inaccessible  region  the  sheep  men  thought  they  could 
graze  their  herds  in  security.  It  was  thotight,  even  by  men  accustomed 
to  these  mountains,  that  our  cavalry  horses  could  not  pass  over  so  wild 
and  rugged  a  couutry.  Thinking  it  very  probable  that  the  sheep  men 
would  enter  the  park  and  try  to  graze  in  this  country,  I  furnished 
Lieut.  Davis  with  a  detail  and  ordered  him  to  scout  the  country  out 
thoroughly.  He  found  that  one  herd  had  escaped  him  by  passing  out 
of  the  park  before  he  reached  them,  but  he  arrested  the  herders  of 
other  herds  and  marched  them,  their  dogs,  and  pack  outfits,  to  the 
western  limit  of  the  park,  whence  he  ejected  them.  He  subsequently 
found  a  herd  about  half  a  mile  Avithin  the  park  boundary  in  township 
2  S,,  range  25  E.,  but  the  herders  discovered  him  before  he  could 
reach  them.  They  hid  in  the  neighboring  canyons,  and  the  lieutenant 
could  not  find  them. 

The  sheep  men  understand  thoroughly  that  they  are  liable  to  great 
loss  if  they  are  caught  grazing  their  herds  within  the  park.  The  pen- 
alty for  such  trespass  is  ejectment,,  but  I  claim  that  the  offender  can 
not  select  his  own  punishuient,  hence  I  have  the  right  to  eject  from 
such  point  of  the  park  boundaries  as  will,  in  my  judgment,  prove  the 
most  eliective.  Of  course  this  journey  is  not  in  accordance  with  the 
will  of  the  offender,  and  consequently  he  is  under  restraint,  or,  in  other 
words,  he  is  -under  guard,  until  the  i)oint  on  the  park  boundary  which 
I  have  designated  as  the  place  of  ejectment  is  reached.  In  order  to 
save  him  uunecessary  hardship,  he  is  allowed  to  take  along  such  horses 
or  ])ack  animals  as  he  may  have  with  him,  and  also  his  comi)lete  camp 
outfit  and  provisions.  When  ejected,  some  of  them  usually  ask  and 
obtain  permission  to  see  me  for  the  purpose  of  getting  written  permis- 
sion to  go  and  collect  the  herd  and  move  it  off  the  park. 

The  owners  of  these  herds  are  not  always  with  them,  so,  in  order  to 
compel  them  to  give  orders  to  their  herders  not  to  tresjiass  upon  the 
park,  when  herders  are  arrested  they  are  marched  to  another  part  of 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     907 

tlic  park  for  ejectuieut,  tliis  marcli  consuming  four  or  five  daysj  and 
after  they  are  ejected  it  takes  as  long  to  get  back  to  their  herds.  In 
the  meantime  the  sheep  are  alone,  and  the  forest  animals  are  liable  to 
scatter  and  destroy  many  of  them.  When  the  owner  awakens  to  this 
fact,  he  takes  more  interest  in  the  doings  of  his  herders  and  gives 
them  brders  not  to  enter  the  x>ark  under  any  circumstances.  A  few 
examples  have  made  all  of  them  respecters  of  the  law,  and  so  far  this 
season  no  willful  trespass  by  the  sheep  men  has  been  discovered. 

"When  the  troops  first  came  here  to  guard  the  park,  there  were  a  great 
many  cattle  habitually  grazed  upon  the  lands  now  within  its  limits. 
Some  ranchmen  owned  homesteads  in  which  they  lived  diirhig  the  sum- 
mer months,  and  they  had  habitually  driven  their  cattle  to  their  pos- 
sessions in  the  mountains,  and  turned  them  loose  to  roam  and  gTaze  at 
will  until  just  before  the  autumn  storms,  when  they  would  round  up 
their  herds  and  drive  them  back  to  where  they  had  provided  a  winter 
rauge  for  them.  The  policy  of  preventing  all  trespassing  upon  the 
park  by  the  employment  of  the  troops  was  so  suddenly  adopted,  that 
these  people  knew  nothing  of  it  until  the  soldiers  actually  arrived  here; 
but  by  that  time  those  living  on  the  i)ark  had  either  returned  to  their 
summer  homes  in  the  mountains,  or  were  on  their  way  to  them;  and 
to  enforce  the  order  against  their  stock  would  have  subjected  them  to 
hardship  and  pecuniary  loss,  which  they  were  not  prepared  to  bear 
without  real  suffering,  in  some  cases,  which  I  wished  to  avoid.  To  do 
so,  I  told  those  who  lived  within  the  park  to  do  the  best  they  could 
during  the  summer  toward  keeping  their  cattle  upon  their  own  lands, 
but  to  be  prepared  to  comply  with  the  law  the  following  year.  Those 
living  outside  of  the  park  were  given  to  understand  that  they  must 
keep  their  cattle  off  or  I  would  have  to  adopt  measures  to  do  it  for 
them.  This  did  very  well  until  sometime  during  September,  at  which 
time  a  man  ranin  about  COO  head  of  cattle  and  thoroughly  intermingled 
them  with  those  of  the  residents.  When  I  discovered  this  trick  and 
took  a  detail  to  round  up  and  eject  these  cattle,  I  found  that  the  task 
of  separating  them  was  a  great  one;  and  when  I  threatened  to  drive 
the  whole  outfit  through  Bloody  Canyon,  the  resident  owners  begged  so 
hard  for  their  stock  that  I  had  to  relent,  but,  as  a  compromise,  they 
I)romised  to  round  u^)  and  take  all  their  stock  out  of  the  mountains 
much  earlier  than  usual.  When  I  returned  the  following  season  (1892), 
I  notified  them  that  residents  on  the  park  could  bring  in  such  stock  as 
they  could  graze  upon  their  own  inclosed  meadow  land,  but  they  could 
use  such  other  land  as  they  had  i)atents  or  deeds  for,  inovided  they 
marked  the  boundaries  so  that  my  men  could  see  them,  and,  also,  pro- 
vided that  they  herded  the  stock  so  that  it  would  not  graze  upon 
adjoining  lands;  in  other  words,  did  not  trespass.  Some  of  them  prom- 
ised to  comply  with  the  rules;  some  brought  their  stock  on  the  park 
without  saying  a  word  about  it. 

During  the  month  of  August  last  I  discovered  that  the  promises 
were  not  very  rigidly  adhered  to.  ISTot  one  of  them  had  marked  the 
boundaries  of  his  premises,  and  the  cattle  were  not  very  carefully  kept 
within  their  inclosed  meadows.  I  frequently  warned  them  and  told 
them  what  would  be  the  consequences  of  continued  neglect  to  comply 
with  their  promises.  I  tear  that  this  mild  -treatment  encouraged  them 
in  the  belief  that  I  would  not  be  severe  with  them  even  if  they  did  not 
do  as  I  wished.  The  last  few  days  of  September  I  learned  that  they 
hiade  no  pretense  of  keeping  their  cattle  from  trespassing,  and,  finally 
I  also  learned  that  the  same  man  had  rex^eated  the  same  trick  of  the 
year  before  and  had  driven  his  herd  upon  the  park.    It  was  not  long 


908  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

before  Lieut.  Davis  ■was  among  tliein  witli  orders  to  round  up  every 
Lead  of  stock  lie  could  fmd  at  large  upon  tlie  park,  to  arrest  and  send 
to  Wawona  every  stock  owner  who  did  not  live  on  the  park,  or  other 
tresi)asser.  After  he  had  rounded  this  stock  up,  the  lieutenant  was  to 
drive  it  tlirough  Bloody  Canyon.  This  man  had^years  ago,  fallen  trees 
ar.d  built  two  houses  on  Government  land.  These  houses  were  now 
within  the  limits  of  the  park,  notwithstanding  which  he  had  made 
them  his  headquarters,  had  stored  provisions  and  bedding,  as  well  as 
arms  for  his  men,  and,  generally,  he  had  made  them  a  rendezvous  for 
men  intent  upon  violating  the  law.  These  houses,  his  goods,  and  cattle 
became,  therefore,  as  to  the  Government,  a  private  nuisance,  and  as 
the  representative  of  the  Government  I  had  the  right,  and  it  was  my 
duty,  to  abate  it.  I  therefore  ordered  Lieut.  Davis  to  burn  these  houses 
and  everything  that  might  be  in  them.  These  orders  were  obeyed. 
The  men  had  one  or  two  ludicrous  chases  after  cattlemen  and  herders, 
but  they  were  too  ileet  and  too  well  acquainted  with  the  country  and 
were  not  caught.  The  houses  and  their  contents  were  burned,  a  bunch 
of  cattle  was  rounded  up,  and  on  the  8th  of  October  they  were  driven 
through  the  Bloody  Canyon  to  the  Xevada  side  of  the  Sierra  Kevada 
mountains.  The  western  side  of  the  x^ark  was  thoroughly  policed  for 
the  winter,  and  it  became  generally  understood  that  the  law  forbidding 
trespass  was  going  to  be  enforced. 

Two  fires  occurred  in  the  iiark  last  year,  in  the  latter  part  of  Sep- 
tember. The  first  fire  occurred  in  township  2  south,  range  19  east, 
and  burned  over  an  area  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  square.  It  reached 
the  Tuolumne  grove  of  Sequoia  f/igantce  and  touched  one  of  the  trees 
before  it  could  be  extinguished.  The  tree  was  not  injured.  This  fire 
evidently  spread  from  the  fire  left  by  some  careless  camping  party. 
The  second  fire  was  a  very  serious  one  and  burned  an  area  of  country 
within  the  xiark  about  1  mile  wide  by  3  miles  long,  in  townships  1  and 
2  south,  range  19  east.  It  was  finally  extinguished  by  driving  it  against 
the  South  Fork  of  the  Tuolumne  River.  This  fire  originated  outside 
of  the  j)ark,  but  in  what  manner  investigation  could  not  determine. 

My  men  have  no  facilities  here  for  subduing  fires.  Upon  the  two 
occasions  of  last  year  they  used  gunny  sacks,  brush  brooms,  etc.  An 
iron  headed  and  toothed  rake  would  be  the  most  effective  instrument 
that  could  be  used  for  extinguishing  fire  in  this  forest.  There  are 
never  any  high  winds  here.  Even  the  fires  themselves  do  not  make 
much  of  a  current  of  atmosphere;  hence,  fires  burn  very  slowly,  and 
when  not  in  a  thick  growth  of  firs,  or  other  material  that  makes  a 
dense  smoke  and  heat,  they  can  be  approached  with  impunity.  Advan- 
tage can  be  taken  of  the  open  spaces,  and  all  the  pine  needles,  leaves, 
and  other  combustible  matter  can  be  raked  into  a  windrow,  which  will 
enable  us  to  back-burn,  and  thus  check  the  fire  effectually.  If  my  men 
had  been  provided  with  rakes  last  September  both  fires  could  have 
been  subdued  before  much  damage  had  been  done.  August  and  Sep- 
tember are  the  months  when  fires  do  the  most  damage.  The  long,  dry, 
hot  summer  has  made  tinder  of  the  pine  needles,  fallen  leaves,  etc., 
and  it  takes  but  very  little  to  start  a  tire. 

Last  season  the  autumn  rains  commenced  early  in  October,  and  the 
forest  was  soon  so  damp  that  there  was  no  more  danger  of  fire.  The 
summer  resident  started  for  the  plains  and,  as  the  tresi)asser  had 
departed  the  countrj',  this  command,  on  October  25,  1892,  joined  the 
general  movement  for  a  lower  altitude  and  a  more  hospitable  climate 
for  the  winter. 

Having  received  the  ijrox^er  orders,  we  started  from  the  Presidio  of 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     909 

San  Francisco,  Cal.,  on  our  return  to  tliis  park  May  8, 1893,  where  we 
arrived  May  24,  after  a  most  pleasant  and  agreeable  march  of  250 
miles. 

The  fall  of  snow  in  these  mountains  the  past  winter  has  been  unusu- 
ally heavy.  The  season  thus  far  has  been  quite  cool  and,  as  a  result, 
vegetation  is  fully  three  weeks  later  than  usual;  but  the  sheepmen 
brought  their  herds  to  the  mountains  as  usual,  and  being  disappointed 
in  the  matter  of  grazing  for  their  stock,  the  most  of  them  returned  to 
the  valley  and  rented  grazing  laud.  This  accounts  for  the  anxiety  of 
some  who  own  land  within  the  limits  of  the  park  to  get  their  herds 
upon  it.  The  vegetation  has  been  protected  for  two  years  and,  of 
course,  it  is  much  better  grazing  than  anywhere  else  in  the  mountains. 
None  of  them  own  land  enough  to  supi)ort  their  herds  more  than  a  few 
days,  at  the  end  of  which  time  they  would  be  situated  as  they  now  are — 
the  portion  of  the  park  passed  over  by  their  herds  would  be  a  desert, 
and,  if  their  herders  followed  their  usual  practice,  numerous  fires  would 
be  in  the  forest,  thus  burning  what  was  not  eaten  or  trampled  into 
ruin.  If  sheej)  are  allowed  to  enter  this  i^ark  you  might  as  well  with- 
draw the  guard  and  have  Congress  repeal  the  act  creating  it.  For 
thirty  years  they  have  made  their  annual  visits  to  these  mountains 
and  the  damage  that  they  have  wrought  is  incalculable.  When  we 
pass  through  the  forest  that  is  frequented  by  these  herds  and  note  the 
absence  of  young  growth  to  rei^lace  the  matured  forest  trees,  and  when 
we  reflect  that  it  takes  about  seven  hundred  years  for  the  sugar  pine 
to  mature  and  about  two  hundred  and  forty  for  the  fir  to  attain  its 
extreme  age,  we  can  then  realize  that  the  dainage  wrought  has  been 
enormous,  reaching  far  into  the  future,  and  for  this  reason  it  is  inesti- 
mable. 

The  cattle  men  living  outside  the  i^ark  have  given  no  particular 
trouble  thus  far,  but  those  who  reside  within  the  park  have  been  care- 
less and  their  cattle  have  trespassed.  In  order  to  correct  this,  I  sent 
Lieut.  Davis  among  them  with  orders  to  round  up  such  stock  as  he 
found  roaming  at  large  upon  the  park  and  drive  them  to  Wanona  for 
ejectment.  The  snow  was  so  deep  in  Bloody  Canyon  that  it  was  impass- 
able. He  rounded  up  a  bunch  and  sent  them  here,  but  the  owner 
accompanied  them,  and  he  begged  so  hard,  and  promised  so  faithfully 
to  comply  with  my  orders  hereafter,  that  I  allowed  him  to  drive  them 
back.  They  all  soon  saw  that  I  had  ceased  to  exercise  forbearance, 
and  now  the  few  cattle  that  are  on  the  park  are  iuinclosures  which  are 
on  patented  lands.  One  man  brought  his  cattle  to  his  inclosed  meadow 
without  letting  me  know  anything  about  it.  He  had  the  good  luck  to 
escape  my  patrols,  and  was  upon  his  own  laud  before  he  was  discov- 
ered, but  he  soon  learned  the  condition  of  aftairs,  and  he  hired  a  herder 
to  take  care  of  them  and  keep  them  within  his  inclosure.  I  have 
camped  a  detail  near  him,  and  if  any  of  his  stock  gets  at  large  it  will 
be  driven  here  and  ejected. 

These  people  have  had  two  years  in  which  to  prepare  for  this,  and 
when  I  talk  to  them  they  acknowledge  that  they  can  only  blame  them- 
selves. I  have  been  as  lenient  as  possible  with  them  for  the  past  two 
years,  but  until  I  commenced  to  enforce  the  rules  in  all  their  cast-iron 
features,  they  manifested  no  inclination  to  prepare  themselves  for  what 
I  repeatedly  told  them  was  coming.  Not  one  of  them  has  marked  the 
boundaries  of  his  land,  and  before  this  spring  not  one  of  them  had 
repaired  his  fence  around  his  grazing  land  to  keep  his  cattle  from 
roaming  at  will  over  the  park.  The  reason  for  this  neglect  to  comply 
with  the  orders  is  that  if  compelled  to  graze  their  stock  upon  their 


910  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

OTvn  land  tlie  auimals  would  starve  to  deatli  before  the  suDimer  was 
over. 

The  mining  interests  witliin  the  limits  of  the  park  have  been  very 
qnict  this  year.  The  owners  of  some  claims  in  township  3  south,  ranges 
25  and  2C  east,  said  they  wished  to  build  a  road  into  their  property  on 
Shadow  Creek  (erroneously  printed  "Shaw  Creek"  in  my  last  annual 
report).  I  investigated  the  matter  and  reported  favorably,  and  the 
honorable  Secretary  gave  the  required  permission,  but  no  steps  have 
been  taken  to  construct  the  road.  From  what  I  know  of  the  i^arties 
and  the  situation,  I  doubt  if  they  ever  intended  to  build  the  road.  A 
road  constructed  into  that  mining  region  from  the  east,  which  is  the 
only  practicable  route,  would  benefit  it  very  much.  The  reasons  stated 
in  my  first  and  second  annual  reports  for  changing  the  boundaries  of 
this  park  still  remain  good.  It  would  leave  out  all  the  mining  country 
in  the  northeast  or  Mount  Gibbs  district;  it  would  leave  out  the  entire 
Minerette  mining  district  in  the  southeast;  and  if  the  line  follow  the 
South  Fork  of  the  Merced  Eiver  down  to  its  intersection  with  a  line 
drawn  north  and  south  through  the  middle  of  township  2  south,  range 
20  east,  thence  west  along  said  south  boundary  line  to  the  present  western 
boundary,  which  it  should  follow  to  its  intersection  with  the  Toulumne 
Eiver,  with  the  excei)tion  of  one  or  two  claims,  this  would  leave  out  all 
the  old  settlements,  some  of  which  have  been  establislned  for  thirty 
years,  and  all  of  the  mining  country  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the  park. 
These  mines  can  not  eternally  be  kept  locked  up  in  this  park,  nor  is  it 
good  public  policy  to  have  them  in  the  park.  Even  if  Congress  should 
pass  a  forestry  law,  and  indicate  a  method  whereby  mines  could  be 
worked  and  timber  could  be  cut,  none  of  these  laws  should  be  applicable 
to  a  national  i)ark,  which  should  contain  nothing  but  natural  curiosi- 
ties, for  the  preservation  of  which  alone  the  park  was  created. 

I  can  only  form  an  approximate  estimate  of 'the  number  of  mining 
claims  on  this  i)ark  in  the  districts  above  described.  The  number  must 
be  nearly  300,  and  probably  there  are  more  than  that  number.  In  this 
connection,  if  we  consider  the  fact  that,  in  addition,  there  are  more  than 
05,000  acres  in  homest<?ads,  preemption,  and  timber  claims  within  the 
boundaries  of  the  park  owr.ed  by  private  individuals  we  can  form  some 
idea  of  the  private  interest  involved,  but  the  acting  superintendent 
only  can  form  an  idea  of  how  much  trouble  these  interests  create. 

There  are  3  toll  roads  which  enter  the  park  and  center  in  the 
Yosemitc  Valley.  The  honorable  Secretary  appointed  an  agent,  with 
whom  I  was  to  act  last  year,  to  investigate  the  status,  etc.,  of  these 
roads,  among  other  things.  I  attended  the  meetings  of  this  commission, 
but  never  got  to  see  the  report,  and  consequently  do  not  know  what 
recommendations  were  made;  but  if  the  object  was  to  ascertain  the 
value  of  these  roads,  with  a  view  to  their  purchase  by  the  Government, 
I  would  observe  that,  if  the  Government  does  purchase  these  roads,  it 
must  be  prepared  to  make  an  annual  aj)propriation  of  at  least  $12,000 
to  keep  them  in  repair,  and  these  repairs  must  commence  in  March  and 
continue  until  the  winter  storms  suspend  the  travel. 

Last  September  the  State  fish  commissioners  sent  me  25,000  young 
rainbow  trout.  I  put  13,000  of  them  in  the  small  tributaries  of  the 
South  Fork  of  the  Merced  Eiver,  2,000  in  the  head  waters  of  Bridal 
Veil  Creek,  4,000  in  the  Illillouctte  Creek  above  the  falls,  and  6,000  in 
Lake  Ostrander.  The  State  fish  commissioners  have  very  generously 
given  me  20,000  young  New  England  brook  trout  for  distribution  in  the 
streams  within  the  i)ark.     They  will  be  distributed  in  August,  when 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     911 

they  get  stronger.  The  same  commission  has  promised  me  a  few  uioro 
young  trout  in  September. 

The  South  Fork  of  the  Merced,  the  main  Merced,  and  the  Tuohimne 
were  stocked  with  th-c  steelhead  trout  about  fifteen  years  ago,  but  this 
trout,  when  he  attains  a  certain  size,  generally  seeks  salt  water,  but  he 
can  not  return  on  account  of  the  falls  of  the  Merced,  which  are  located 
in  the  foothills,  those  of  the  Tuohimne  beiug  at  the  head  of  the  canj-ou 
in  townshix)  1  north,  range  22  east.  The  result  is  that  the  trout  in 
these  streams  weigh  only  a  few  ounces,  and  even  these  are  not  found 
above  the  great  falls  in  the  Yosemite  Valley.  The  Merced  and  Tuo- 
lumne rivers,  above  the  great  falls,  are  entirely  destitute  of  fish,  and 
more  beautiful  streams  can  not  be  found.  There  are  about  a  dozen 
lakes  in  the  park  that  should  be  stocked  with  trout.  There  is  not  a 
fish  in  them  at  present.  I  ai)plied  to  the  U.  S.  Fish  Commission  for 
young  trout  to  stock  these  streams  and  lakes.  I  have  been  notified  that 
my  application  was  put  on  file,  which  appears  to  end  the  matter. 

If  this  is  maintained  as  a  national  x)ark  a  guard  of  some  kind  will 
always  be  necessary;  and  until  the  inhabitants  of  these  mountains  and 
foothills  become  habituated  to  the  present  state  of  affairs  the  guard 
will  have  to  be  furnished  by  the  Army;  and  as  the  nature  of  the  duties 
make  it  impossible  for  a  footman  to  iierform  them  the  cavalry  will 
naturally  have  W  furnish  it.  I  have  been  over  every  foot  of  the  ground 
in  this  x)ark  and  studied  it  with  a  view  of  selecting  the  most  available 
place  for  a  permanent  camp.  Under  the  present  condition  it  is  not 
advisable  to  build  barracks  and  i)lace  a  permanent  garrison  upon  the 
park,  but  an  encampment  of  five  or  six  months  every  year  will  accom- 
plish the  object  of  j)rotecting  the  park  and  educating  the  men  in  field 
duties  in  a  manner  that  these  times  of  peace  would  otherwise  deny 
them.  The  place  for  this  encampment  is  here,  for  this  is  on  the  main 
traveled  road  to  the  valley,  it  is  by  far  the  nearest  point  to  the  rail- 
road, and  supplies  can  be  obtained  at  the  least  expense.  From  the 
direction  of  tlie  trails,  roads,  and  the  i>resout  location  of  the  settle- 
ments it  is  the  most  central  point.  All  points  in  the  park  can  be 
reached  from  here  quicker  than  they  could  all  be  reached  from  any 
other  place.  This  southern  border  needs  the  most  guarding,  and  a 
patrol  sent  from  any  other  part  of  the  park  to  a  particular  point  on  the 
southern  border  would  first  have  to  come  here  and  then  go  to  its  desti- 
nation. The  elevation  here  is  4,000  feet,  just  right,  for  a  command  can 
come  here  between  the  20th  and  31st  of  May,  form  its  camp,  and  get 
into  good  shape  for  i:)atrol  duty  long  before  the  snow  has  melted  on 
the  elevations  about  8,000  feet.  I  am  told  by  those  who  have  been 
among  these  mountains  ever  since  1852  that  there  have  been  three 
different  years  when,  owing  to  the  cool  seasons,  the  snow  did  not 
entirely  leave  the  7,000  feet  elevations,  and  the  meadow  lands  on  the 
8,000  feet  elevations  were  covered  with  snow  all  the  year  of  the  periods 
mentioned.  Snow  generally  falls  on  all  elevations  above  7,000  feet 
during  Sej)tember,  but  there  is  liable  to  be  trespassing  or  fire  in  the 
southwest  portion  of  tlie  park,  which  is  from  4,000  to  0,000  feet  eleva- 
tion, until  the  last  part  of  October,  when  every  living  thing,  except  a 
few  fur-bearing  animals  and  the  grouse,  seek  tlie  foothills. 

If  troops  are  employed  I  would  most  respectfully  suggest  that  the 
honorable  Secretary  should  make  application  for  them  sometime  dur- 
ing the  month  of  February,  in  order  that  they  may  get  the  order  not 
later  than  the  middle  of  March,  for,  as  they  will  have  to  commence 
the  march  about  May  4  to  10,  that  will  give  their  commander  time  to 
make  the  proper  requisition  for  sui)plies.     Some  of  these  requisitions, 


912  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

for  ordnance,  for  example,  "vrill  probably  have  to  go  to  Wasliington  and 
return,  or  to  the  Spring-field  arsenal.  It  will  also  give  time  for  tlie 
legal  period  of  thirty  days  for  the  Quartermaster's  and  Commissary 
Dei)artments  to  advertise  for  supj)lies,  one  for  forage  and  the  other  for 
fresh  beef,  and  for  other  contracts.  TJnless  time  is  given  the  command 
will  arrive  at  the  park  poorly  suiDplied.  Officers  and  men  always  do 
their  duty  more  cheerfully,  and  nuich  raore  can  be  exacted  of  them,  if 
they  are  properlj^  provided  for  and  they  see  that  those  in  authority  are 
really  interested  in  their  welfare. 

Yery  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

A.  E.  Wood, 
Captain,  Fourth  Cavalry^ 
Acting  Superintendent  Yosemite  National  Parle. 
The  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  MAEITIIME   CANAL   COMPAI^Y  OF  NICA- 

EAGUA. 

j1!^ew  York,  Becen^er ,  1893. 

Sir  :  Pursuant  to  section  6  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  incorporate 
The  Maritime  Canal  Company  of  Mcaragua, "  approved  February  20, 
1889,  which  xjrovides  that  said  company  shall  make  a  report  on  the 
first  Monday  of  December  in  each  year  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
and  in  accordance  with  instructions  prescribing  the  form  of  such 
report  and  the  particulars  to  be  given  therein,  the  said  Maritime  Canal 
Company  of  Nicaragua  reports  as  follows: 

First.  That  the  annual  regular  meeting  of  the  company  was  held  at 
No.  44  Wall  street,  in  the  city  of  New  York,  on  the  4th  day  of  May, 
1893,  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  the  by-laws,  and  that  at  such  meet- 
ing Messrs.  Joseph  Bryan,  James  Eoosevelt,  Hiram  Hitchcock,  Thomas 
B.  Atkins,  and  Horacio  Guzman  were  duly  elected  directors  of  said 
company  to  till  the  places  made  vacant  by  the  class  whose  term  of 
office  expired  on  the  said  4th  day  of  May,  1893,  and  to  serve  for  the 
period  of  three  years  as  provided  for  in  the  said  act  of  incorporation, 
and  that  at  the  same  time  Mr.  Eobert  Sturgis  was  elected  as  director  to 
fill  a  vacancy  existing  in  the  class  of  1895,  and  Mr.  Samuel  Barton  was 
elected  as  director  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  class  of  1894.  Mr.  Barton 
failed  to  qualify,  and  Mr.  F.  F.  Thomi)son  was  subsequently  elected  to 
fill  the  vacancy  in  the  class  of  1894.  Since  then  Mr.  A.  B.  Darling  and 
Mr.  Alexander  T.  Mason,  of  the  class  of  1894,  have  resigned  and  the 
vacancies  caused  by  their  resignations  have  not  yet  been  filled. 

Second.  That  the  board  of  directors  of  said  company  as  now  consti- 
tuted is  composed  of  the  following  stockholders: 

Class  of  1891. — Franklin  Fairbanks,  C.  Eidgeley  Goodwin,  and  F.  F. 
Thompson. 

Class  of  1895. — Charles  P.  Daly,  Daniel  Ammen,  Horace  L.  Hotch- 
kiss,  Henry  E.  Howland,  and  Eobert  Sturgis. 

Class  of  1896. — Joseph  Bryan,  James  Eoosevelt,  Hiram  Hitchcock, 
Thomas  B.  Atkins,  and  Horacio  Guzman  (Nicaragnan  director). 

A  majority  of  the  above-named  directors  are  citizens  and  residents 
of  the  IJnited  States. 

Third.  That  at  the  first  meeting  of  the  board  of  directors  held  after 
the  said  annual  election  the  following  officers  were  duly  elected  to 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     913 

serve  for  the  ensuing-  year,  to  wit:  President,  Hiram  Hitchcock; 
vice-president,  Charles  P.  Daly;  secretary  and  treasurer,  Thomas  B. 
Atkins,  All  of  the  officers  so  elected  are  citizens  and  residents  of  the 
United  States.  That  at  said  meeting  the  following-  directors  Avere 
elected  members  of  the  executive  committee,  as  provided  for  in  the 
by-laws  of  said  company,  to  wit:  James  Roosevelt,  chairman;  Hiram 
liitchcoek,  Horace  L.  Hotchkiss,  Henry  E.  Howland,  and  Alexander 
T.  Mason. 

Fourth.  That  since  the  organization  of  the  Maritime  Canal  Com])any 
of  Nicaragua  10,145  shares  of  the  capital  stock  of  said  company  have 
been  subscribed  for  at  par,  amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  the  sum  of 
$1,014,500,  of  which  amount  $1,005,940  have  been  paid  into  the 
treasury  in  cash;  thta  there  has  been  paid  into  the  treasury  from 
other  sources  $48,871.62,  making  the  total  amount  of  cash  received 
$1,055,811.62. 

Fifth.  That  since- the  organization  of  the  company  it  has  paid  for 
property,  work,  and  labor  done,  and  materials  furnished  in  the  execu- 
tion of  the  work  of  constructing  the  canal  and  in  administration 
expenses,  the  sum  of  $8-30,788.67  in  cash  and  31,990  shares  of  the  full- 
paid  capital  stock  of  the  company  of  the  par  value  of  $3,199,000,  and 
is  obligated  for  $6,855,000  of  its  first-mortgage  bonds.  It  has  also 
issued  180,000  shares  of  its  capital  stock  of  the  par  value  of  $18,000,000 
in  payment  for  concessionary  rights,  privileges,  franchises,  and  other 
property. 

Sixth.  That  the  liabilities  of  the  company  consist  of  the  amounts  still 
due  under  the  concessions  granted  to  the  company;  of  the  $0,855,000 
of  bonds  before  mentioned,  the  said  bonds  being  due  to  the  Nicaragua 
Canal  Construction  Company  for  work  and  labor  done  and  juaterials 
furnished  in  the  execution  of  the  work  of  constructing  the  Interoceanic 
Canal,  and  of  cash  liabilities  outstanding  and  unpaid  to  an  amount  not 
exceeding  $50,000. 

Seventh.  The  assets  of  the  company  consist  of  its  capital  stock,  of 
the  concessions,  rights,  privileges,  and  franchises  which  it  now  owns, 
and  of  the  plant,  equipments,  materials,  lands,  buildings,  structures, 
railways,  steamboats,  telephone  and  telegraph  lines,  dredges,  locomo- 
tives, cars,  machinery,  stores,  machine  shops,  supplies,  and  other  prop- 
erty in  Central  America,  including  the  lands  situated  between  the  lake 
and  the  Pacific,  purchased  from  the  Government  of  Nicaragua  for  the 
route  of  the  canal,  at  a  cost  of  $50,000,  in  accordance  with  the  provi- 
sions of  the  Nicaraguan  concession. 

In  our  annual  rei)ort  for  1892,  we  submitted  a  statement  of  the  work 
that  had  been  accomplished  up  to  that  date;  since  then  the  unprece- 
dented conditions  of  the  money  market  have  been  the  cause  of  serious 
embarrassment  to  all  enterprises  that  depended  upon  the  sale  of  secur- 
ities for  means  to  prosecute  their  undertakings.  The  Nicaragua  Canal 
Construction  Company,  under  contract  with  this  company  for  the  con- 
struction of  the  canal,  suffered  under  the  general  conditions  in  common 
with  others,  and  was  obhged  first  to  limit  its  expenditures  to  what  was 
requisite  for  protection  and  preservation  of  its  plant,  and  finally  to 
suspend  all  payments.  This  resulted  in  the  appointment,  on  August 
30,  1893,  by  the  circuit  court  of  the  United  States  for  the  southern 
district  of  New  York,  of  a  receiver  for  that  company.  The  secretary 
and  treasurer  of  that  company  was  appointed  such  receiver. 

The  result  of  this  condition  of  affairs  is  that  no  material  advance- 
ment in  construction  work  has  been  accomplished  since  the  report 
made  by  the  company  to  the  Department  iu  December,  1892,  and, 
Ab.  93 58 


914  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

tliereforc,  we  beg  to  refer  to  that  report  as  sliowing  substantially  the 
present  condition  of  the  work. 

Upon  the  appointment  of  the  receiver,  measures  were  inaugurated  by 
shareholders  of  the  construction  company  for  the  reorganization  of 
that  company  upon  a  strong  financial  basis,  providing  for  the  liquida- 
tion of  its  indebtedness  and  the  active  prosecution  of  work  under  its 
contract,  in  the  immediate  future.  These  measures  are  now  well 
under  way  with  the  every  assurance  of  a  successful  issue,  and  the 
Maritime  Canal  Company  is  awaiting  the  result. 

In  witness  whereof  the  Maritime  Canal  Company  of  Nicaragua  has 
caused  its  corporate  seal  to  be  hereunto  affixed  and  these  presents  to 
be  signed  by  its  president  and  secretary  this  4th  day  of  December, 
A.  D.  1893. 

The  Maritime  Canal  Company  of  Nicaragua, 
By  Hiram  Hitchcock, 

President. 
[seal.]  Thos.  B.  Atkins, 

Secretary. 
The  Secretary  op  the  Interior, 

^yashington,  D.  C. 

State  of  New  York, 

City  and  County  of  New  Yorli,  ss: 
Plirani  Hitchcock,  being  duly  sworn,  says  that  he  is  the  president 
of  the  said  the  Maritime  Canal  Company  of  Nicaragua j  that  he  has 
read  the  foregoing  annual  report  and  knows  the  contents  thereof,  and 
that  the  same  is  in  all  respects  correct  and  true. 

Hiram  Hitchcock. 

Sworn  to  before  me  this  4th  day  of  December,  1893. 

[seal.]  V.  BiGELOW, 

Notary  Puhlic,  New  YorJc  County. 


REPORT 


SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


U.  S.  Depaetment  of  Agkiculture, 
Office  of  the  Secretaey, 
Washingion,  D.  C,  November  20,  1803. 
To  tlie  President  : 

111  the  (liscliarge  of  duty  the  Secretary  of  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture  has  the  honor  to  submit  his  report  of  the  condition  of  that 
Department,  as  to  efficiency  and  cuiTcnt  exx^enses,  on  March  7,  1893, 
and  from  that  date  down  to  the  present  time. 

ORGANIZATION  OP  THE  DEPARTMENT. 

This  Department  was  instituted  by  act  of  Congress  in  February, 
1889,  It  is,  therefore,  the  junior  in  the  Executive  branch  of  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States,  and  not  yet  perfectly  emerged  from  the 
l^eriod  of  formation.  Even  its  objects,  its  duties,  and  its  possibilities 
are  only  dimly  deiined  or  vaguely  surmised.  It  is  difficult  to  deduce 
clearly  from  the  law  which  created  it  the  functions  that  the  lawmakers 
designed  it  to  exercise.  It  is  still  more  difilcult  to  determine  where 
duty  in  the  management  and  direction  of  this  Department  begins  and 
where  it  ends,  under  existing  statutes.  As  organixed,  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  offers  opulent  opportunities  for  the  exercise  of  the  most 
pronounced  paternalism.  But  there  arc  many  proper  ways  in  which 
the  Federal  Government  may  legitimately  serve  the  cause  of  agricul- 
ture, though  it  is  neither  necessary  nor  desirable  that  this  Department 
should  attempt  duties  legitimately  belonging  to  the  States,  and  which 
only  they  can  discharge  as  their  respective  statutes  provide  or  direct. 

915 


916  REPOKT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AGRICULTURE. 

RELATION   OF   THE    DEPARTMENT    TO  THE    STATE   EXPERIMENT 

STATIONS. 

The  legal  and  i^roper  relation  between  the  duties  in  behalf  of  agri- 
culture devolving  upon  this  Department  and  those  reserved  to  the 
several  States  of  tlic  Union  has  been  rendered  more  complicated  by  the 
act  of  March,  1887  (known  as  the  Hatch  act),  creating  experiment  sta- 
tions throughout  the  States  and  Territories,  and  also,  under  the  color 
of  law,  establishing  an  anomalous  partnership  between  the  Government 
of  the  United  States  and  the  governments  of  the  respective  States  for 
the  conduct  and  encouragement  of  State  agricultural  experiment  sta- 
tions. An  enormous  annuity  will  accrue  to  the  agricultural  colleges 
with  wliich  the  experiment  stations  are  connected  when  the  maximum 
figures  are  reached  through  the  operation  of  the  act  of  August,  1890 
(known  as  the  Morrill  act),  which  will  aggregate  nearly  two  millions 
of  dollars.  But  this  is  additional  to  the  income  from  the  almost  limit- 
less land  legacy  bestowed  by  the  act  of  18G2,  which  has  already  realized 
to  the  agricultural  colleges  more  than  eight  millions  of  dollars,  and  is 
not  yet  exhausted.  But  over  that  vast  sum  of  money  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment exercises  no  practical  supervision  nor  the  slightest  control. 
The  appropriation  now  made  to  experiment  stations  is  $745,000,  and, 
improperly,  it  ax)pears  in  the  appropriation  bill  charged  to  the  U.  S. 
Department  of  Agriculture. 

As  to  that  sum  of  money  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  has  no  direc- 
tion whatever,  except  as  to  $25,000  thereof,  which  must  be  expended 
under  his  direction,  in  the  interests  of  the  experiment  stations,  through 
the  Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  established  in  the  Department  of 
Agriculture,  for  the  purpose  of  merely  advisory  functions.  This 
appropriation  by  the  General  Government  is  unlike  any  other  public 
moneys  legislated  out  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  because 
there  is  no  officer  of  the  United  States  authorized  to  direct,  limit, 
control,  or  audit  its  itemized  exj)enditure. 

Section  3  of  the  act  creating  experiment  stations  ought  to  be  so 
amended  as  to  either  give  the  United  States  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture a  larger  direction  of  the  methods  of  expending  the  annual 
appropriations  made  for  exiieriment  stations,  or  so  as  to  decisively 
determine  that  the  Dei)artment  has  no  control  over  it  whatever,  and  is 
not  required  even  to  "give  advice."  In  short,  the  annual  appropriation 
of  between  §700,000  and  $800,000  made  for  experiment  stations  ouglit 
to  be  charged  to  experiment  stations  directly,  and  they  entirely 
divorced  from  departmental  direction;  or  the  law  should  provide  that 
the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  shall  have  some  power  to  direct  and 
to  restrain  the  disbursements  of  the  Government  moneys  in  each  of 
the  experiment  stations  of  the  United  States,  so  as  to  insure  only  a 
legitimate  expenditure  of  the  same. 

To-day  each  State  draws  from  the  Federal  Treasury  its  pro  rata  share 
for  its  experiment  station,  and  the  only  accounting  required  under  the 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE.      917 

law  for  that  money  to  tlie  United  States  Treasury  ofi&cials  is  the  dec- 
laration and  vouchers  of  the  State  authorities  that  the  money  has  been 
expended  under  their  direction.  No  detailed  account  as  to  how  the 
money  has  been  expended,  to  whom,  or  for  what  it  has  been  paid  out, 
is  required.  Current  rumor  in  some  of  the  States  and  Territories,  so 
universal,  pronounced,  accentuated,  and  vehement  as  to  have  secured 
great'  credence,  indicates  that  some  of  the  moneys  api)ropriated  for 
experiment  stations  have  been  diverted  from  legitimate  public  purposes 
and  turned  to  those  of  a  personal  and  not  patriotic  character.  Thorough 
investigation,  either  by  a  committee  of  Congress  or  by  some  person 
authorized  by  law  to  make  it,  will  demonstrate  either  the  verity  or  the 
falsity  of  such  evil  reports.  And  it  seems  due  to  gentlemen  who  have 
the  experiment  stations  in  charge — some  of  Avhom  are  of  the  most 
exalted  personal  and  scientific  character — that  such  investigation 
be  made  at  an  early  day.  Properly  pursued  it  can  harm  no  one  who 
ought  not  to  be  harmed.  Investigation  heightens  and  brightens  the 
esteem  of  the  public  for  those  who,  in  official  positions,  have  been  proved 
faithful  and  efficient.  It  brings  dishonor  and  disgrace  to  those  only 
who  have  been  unfaithful  and  inefficient.  Complete  investigation  into 
the  management  of  each  experiment  station  in  the  United  States  and 
Territories  will,  therefore,  certainly  elevate  in  public  esteem  and  render 
still  more  illustrious  those  distinguished  scientists  who  have  faithfully 
aiul  efficiently  discharged  their  duties  as  directors.  And  it  will  just  as 
certainly  uncover,  demolish,  and  disgrace  those,  if  any  there  be,  who 
have  frittered  away  the  public  funds,  rendered  inefficient  service,  and 
established  as  solid  reputations  which  were  only  thinly  plated  with 
pretense.  Investigation  will  build  up  the  strong  ;  it  will  destroy  the 
charlatan  and  the  pretender  in  science,  as  in  all  other  human  pursuits. 

EVOLUTION  or  THE  REPUBLIC. 

The  Republic  of  the  United  States  of  North  America  is  a  Govern- 
ment evolved  from  the  experiences  of  all  the  governments  wliich  man  has 
instituted  since  he  began  his  civilized  career.  It  was  presumably  made 
up  of  that  which,  to  its  founders,  our  ancestors,  seemed  the  wisest  and 
best  that  humanity  had  developed  up  to  the  time  when  they  undertook 
to  establish  and  protect  liberty  by  organic  law.  Therefore,  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States,  after  an  existence  of  more  than  a  hun- 
dred years,  is  a  result  of  the  experiences  of  the  Old  World  adapted  to 
the  environments  of  the  New,  and  broadened  by  the  further  experience 
and  wisdom  of  its  own  citizenship.  And  as  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture is  still  in  an  exiierimental  stage,  it  is  deemed  only  a  prudent 
sagacity  to  ascertain  what  its  parallels  or  synonyms  in  the  older  gov- 
ernments of  the  globe  are  accomx)lishing. 


9i8  REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AGRICULTURE. 


FUNCTIONS  OF  FOREIGN  AGRICULTURAL  DEPARTMENTS. 

Therefore  the  proper  authorities  of  Great  Britain,  of  Prussia,  of 
France,  and  of  Italy  were  requested  to  furnish  this  Department  terse 
statements  of  their  functions  and  operations,  and  subjoined  are  the  facts 
obtained  from  each  of  the  prenamed  governments,  arranged  in  the  order 
of  their  reception : 

BRITISH  BOARD   OF  AGRICULTURE. 

To  the  ambassador  of  the  British  Government  resident  in  Washing- 
ton, Sir  Julian  Pauncefote,  the  Department  is  largely  under  obligations 
for  the  following  statement  concerning  the  British  Board  of  Agricul- 
ture, which  was  established  in  1881): 

The  British  Board  of  Agriculture  consists  of  foivr  departments:  (1)  Veterinary; 
(2)  statistical,  intelligence,  and  educational;  (3)  land;  (4)  ordnance  survey. 

The  duties  of  the  Veterinary  Division  are  practically  parallel  to  those  of  the 
Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture.  There  seems 
to  be,  however,  no  provision  for  the  carrying  on  by  the  British  Board  of  Agri- 
cultiire  of  scientific  investigations.  The  funds  for  such  work  are  included  in  the 
general  appropriations  for  the  Board,  excej)t  the  sum  appropriated  by  the  Parlia- 
mentary act  of  1890,  for  the  investigation  and  eradication  of  pleuro-pnenmonia.  For 
that  purpose  during  the  current  fiscal  year  the  English  Government  expends  $75,000. 

The  department  of  the  British  Board  of  Agriculture  known  as  the  statistical, 
intelligence,  and  educational,  embraces  the  collating  and  publishing  of  statistics  in 
relation  to  agriculture.  The  intelligence  branch  is  charged  with  collecting  infor- 
mation respecting  crop  prospects  at  home  and  abroad.  It  likewise  collects  facts 
relating  to  agriculture  in  general;  and  it  procures  and  publishes  scientific  infor- 
mation relating  to  insects  and  fungi  injurious  to  plant  life. 

The  educational  branch  inspects  agricultural  colleges  and  schools  and  the  agricul- 
tural work  of  county  councils  and  administers  the  Parliamentary  funds  for  agricul- 
tural education  and  experiments. 

The  Land  Department  differs  from  any  bureau  or  division  in  the  U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture  because  of  the  difference  between  this  and  most  foreign  countries  in 
the  way  of  land  tithes,  land  improvements,  etc.,  as  is  sufficiently  indicated  by  the 
mention  of  the  five  distinct  branches  into  which  the  business  of  this  Department 
is  divideil.  These  are  the  inclosure  and  commons,  copyholds,  tithes,  land  improve- 
ments and  survey,  and  land  drainage. 

The  Ordnance  Survey  Department,  which  was  transferred  from  the  army  to  civil 
administration  in  1870,  and  in  1890  iilaced  under  the  Board  of  Agriculture,  is 
charged  with  the  execution  of  the  surveys  of  the  United  Kingdom.  The  Board  of 
Agriculture  has  no  jurisdiction  in  Ireland. 

The  staff  of  the  board,  exclusive  of  the  ordnance  survey,  consists  of  a  president, 
who  is  a  privy  councilor  and  Member  of  Parliament,  a  permanent  secretarj",  and 
assistant  secretary,  directors  of  the  several  departments,  legal  advisers,  veterinary 
inspectors,  etc. 

The  total  annual  expenditures  of  the  British  Board  of  Agriculture  for  the  current 
fiscal  year  aggregate  $1, '120,345.  Of  that  sum  the  Ordnance  Survey  Dei>artnient  is 
charged  with  $1,093,550,  and  the  board  itself,  including  the  other  three  depart- 
ments, with  $251,795.  And,  as  before  mentioned,  for  the  suppression  of  pleuro- 
pneumonia is  set  apart  the  sum  of  $75,000. 

The  foregoing  instructs  us  as  to  the  Governmental  supervision  of 
agriculture  in  Great  Britain,  and  shows  the  annual  cost  thereof. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE.      919 
MINISTRY  OF  AGRICULTURE  OF  PRUSSIA. 

Next  in  importance  to  our  people,  because  of  the  vast  number  of 
American  citizens  who  speak  the  language  of  Germany,  is  the  Ministry 
of  Agriculture  of  Prussia,  which  is  divided  into  the  three  divisions  of 
Agriculture,  Domains,  and  Forests,  the  functions  of  which  are  sum- 
marized in  the  following  paragraphs: 

lu  the  accompanying  statement  of  the  appropriations  for  the  Ministry  of  Agricnl- 
ture  for  the  fiscal  year  188U-'"90  are  given  some  notes,  relating  especially  to  the 
second  and  third  items,  explaining  the  scope  and  functions  of  the  minister  as  to 
agriculture.  Of  the  second  item  for  the  High  Court  of  Agriculture  it  is  sufficient  to 
say  that  it  is  a  court  of  apiical  from  the  decisions  of  the  general  committees.  These 
committees,  which,  as  the  statement  shows,  absorb  over  40  per  cent  of  the  appropri- 
ation for  agriculture  proper,  are,  as  defined  in  a  blue  book  published  by  the  British 
Government,  "to  give  cifect  to  all  legislation  affecting  land  and  agriculture." 
These  committees  are  eight  in  number,  so  dispersed  throughout  the  Kingdom  that 
their  several  jurisdictions  cover  the  eiitire  Empire.  Each  committee  is  presided 
over  by  a  president,  who  is  assisted  by  numerous  councilors,  secretaries,  and  clerks, 
besides  othei;  employees,  such  as  land  surveyors,  special  assessors,  mechanics,  engi- 
neers, etc.  Through  these  committees  and  their  presiding  officers  the  Minister  of 
Agriculture  readily  keeps  in  touch  with  the  agricultural  interests  of  all  Germany. 

The  principal  educational  and  experimental  establishments  maintained  under  the 
head  of  '^education  and  science"  are  the  high  school  in  Berlin  and  the  agricultural 
academy  at  Poppelsdorf,  thepomological  institutes  at  Proskau  and  Geiseuhoim,  and 
an  establishment  at  Weisbadeu  for  chemical  experiments.  Besides  these  educa- 
tional institutions,  however,  there  are  a  number  of  agricultural  schools  distributed 
through  the  different  x>roviuces  which,  though  not  governmental  institutes,  are 
aided  by  subsidies  from  the  Empire  to  the  extent  of  some  $33,000.  Subsidies  are 
also  granted  to  laboratories  in  which  experiments  and  investigations  are  carried  on 
in  the  interest  of- agriculture  to  the  extent  of  some  $25,000  or  $26,000  more,  the 
sum  varying  accordiug  to  the  earnings  of  the  laboratory,  but  showing  a  steady 
decrease  during  the  past  six  or  seven  years  because  of  increased  earnings. 

Of  the  item  for  ''veterinary  affairs  "  some  $30,000  are  given  in  subsidies  to  the  veteri- 
nary schools  in  Berlin  and  Hanover.  The  Department,  moreover,  employs  eleven 
chief  veterinarians,  with  a  sufficient  staff  of  assistants,  to  superintend  veterinary 
affairs  on  the  frontiers.  The  amount  devoted  in  the  appropriations  to  cattle  and 
horse-brcediug  consists  principally  of  subsidies  to  the  three  principal  establishments 
for  horsc-brcediug,  while  encouragement  in  the  way  of  prizes,  etc.,  are  awards  to 
individual  breeders. 

The  land  improvements  suiiervised  include  bridge-building  and  the  building  and 
repairing  of  dikes,  embankments,  etc.,  and  the  maintenance  of  civil  engineers  to 
construct  and  inspectors  to  superintend  such  works. 

The  item  of  "extraordinary  expenses"  was  to  cover  similar  work,  presumably  of  a 
more  exceptional  character.  The  other  sections  of  the  work  of  the  Minister  of 
Agriculture,  Forestry,  and  Domains  presents  features  entirely  difiering  from  any 
which  prevail  with  us,  inasmuch  as  the  vast  area,  which  is  the  property  of  the  State, 
yields  by  careful  management  a  gross  revenue  of  $14,000,000,  which,  after  paying 
all  exiienditurcs  (amounting  to  $8,637,500),  leaves  to  the  German  Government  a  net 
revenue  of  nearly  $6,000,000.  So  with  Domains  controlling  an  area  of  only  1,313  square 
miles,  a  revenue  of  over  $7,000,000  is  raised. 


920  REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AGRICULTURE. 

Appropriations,  lSSO-90 — Minislry  of  Agriculture  of  Prussia. 

Staff  of  Ministry - $109,  465 

High  court  of  agriculture 34,  376 

Gouornl  committees 1,  284,  721 

Educational — scientific 259,  571 

Veterinary  department 222,  003 

Cattle  and  horsebreeding 175,  855 

I^and  improvements 353,  654 

Subsidies,  pensions,  etc 142,  675 

Extraordinary  expenses* 226,  000 

Fisheries 67,  965 

2,  876,  285 

Forestry : 

.  Ji:xpenditnros $8,  637,  500 

Forest  area square  miles..  10,425 

Revenue $14,  495,  000 

Net  revenue $5, 857,  500 

Domains: 

Expenditures $1,  776,  505 

Area square  miles . .  1,  313 

Revenue $7,  280,  685 

Net  revenue $5,  510, 180 

Total .. ; 13, 290,  290 

The  foregoing  from  tlie  highest  Gerinau  authority  presents  briefly 
tiie  operations  of  the  Miuistryof  Agriculture  of  Prussia  aucl  its  appro- 
l)riations  for  a  single  fiscal  year.  It  is  obvious  tliat  the  governmental 
Ibrests  of  10,425  square  miles  are  so  managed  as  to  be  not  only  of  great 
sanitary  advantage,  but  also  a  source  of  net  revenue,  amounting  to 
$5,857,500  in  a  single  year.  The  forestry  of  German^",  and  the  impor- 
tant position  it  holds  in  the  estimation  of  those  who  administer  the 
Government,  is  scientifically  suggestive  to  all  the  nations  of  the  earth, 
and  especially  to  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  wherein  so 
little  attention  has  been  paid  to  a  question  of  such  vital  necessity  as 
the  conservation  and  renewals  of  the  woodlands  of  this  continent. 

FRENCH  MINISTRY   OF  AGRICULTURE. 

The  Ministry  of  Agriculture  in  France  is,  in  a  large  degree,  similar 
to  our  own  Department.  But  it  supervises  many  things  with  which 
this  Department  has  no  connection  and  over  which  it  can  ha\e  no  con- 
trol, because  of  the  different  conditions  and  requirements  ot  govern- 
ment which  i)revail  in  the  several  States  of  the  United  States.  For 
instance,  one  of  the  i)rincipal  French  bureaus  is  devoted  to  agricul- 
tural education  and  to  the  encouragement  of  agriculture,  and  embraces 
a  general  inspection  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  of  education  and 
educational  matters  throughout  France.  That  includes  the  practical 
schools  of  agriculture,  dairying,  and  also  the  ISTational  Agronomic  Insti- 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AGRICULTURE.  921 

'  tute. .  The  fiirtlier  duties  of  tlie  Ministry  of  Agriculture  are  set  forth 
in  the  following  resume : 

The  Ministry  of  Agriculture  also  disposes  of  subsidies  given  to  agricultural  under- 
takings, premiums,  awards,  and  bounties  awarded  to  agriculture,  including  those 
conferred  at  cattle  shows  and  exhibitions  of  agricultural  machinery. 

A  second  bureau  has  charge  of  veterinary  schools  and  services,  including  the  in- 
spection of  all  imported  cattle,  the  supervision  of  sanitary  police,  and  the  indemnity 
for  civttle  slaughtered  for  sauitary  preventive  reasons. 

A  third  bureau  has  charge  of  legislation  and  food  products,  and  also  has  charge  of 
parliamentary  bills  on  agriculture  and  of  the  adjustment  of  the  rural  code,  and  dis- 
charges all  the  functions  of  a  statistical  bureau.  These  three  bureaus  constitute  the 
Direction  of  Agriculture. 

In  addition  to  the  Direction  of  Agriculture,  which  is  one  of  the  main  divisions  of 
the  Ministry,  there  is  auother  main  division,  known  as  the  Central  Service.  It  is 
divided  into  two  bureaus.  The  first  has  charge  of  all  the  administrative  details, 
appointments,  i)romotions,  transfers,  and  organization  of  the  staff  of  the  Forestry 
Division.  Furthermore,  it  controls  tlie  receipt  and  dispatch  of  correspondence, 
the  transfer  of  decrees  and  papers  to  Parliament,  the  estimates  and  all  communica- 
tions to  the  Superior  Council  of  Agriculture,  to  the  Members  of  Parliament,  and  to 
otlier  directors  of  the  Government. 

The  second  bureau  of  this  service  is  charged  with  the  control  of  accounts,  all 
bookkeeping,  the  care  of  the  archives,  of  the  library,  and  the  custody  of  documents. 
The  most  interesting  feature  of  the  Frcncli  Ministry  of  Agriculture  is  that  which 
places  the  Central  Service  under  the  control  of  a  Board  of  Advisers,  consisting  of 
the  Minister  himself,  the  Director-General  of  Agriculture,  the  Director  of  Forestry, 
the  Director  of  Agricultural  Hydraulics,  the  Director  of  the  "Haras"  (horse-breed- 
ing establishments),  the  Minister's  private  secretary,  the  seniorofficerof  the  Central 
Service,  and  the  chief  clerk  of  the  same;  all  these — with  the  exception  of  the  Min- 
ister himself — are  iiermanent  officers.  This  Board  of  Advisers  controls  absolutely 
the  conduct  of  the  Department,  besides  determining  any  question  especially  referred 
to  it  by  the  Minister  himself.  All  a|ipi'opriations  are  submitted  to  it  and  all  pro- 
motions or  penalties  require  its  approval. 

Subjoined  is  a  statement  showing  the  appropriations  for  the  use  of 
tlse  French  Ministry  of  Agriculture  for  the  fiscal  year  of  1894.  It 
gives  a  general  idea  of  its  wide  scope  and  varied  functions  for  which 
uextyear's  appropriations  aggregate  (exclusive  of  forestry,  w^hicli  is  more 
than  self-supporting)  over  five  and  a  half  millions  of  dollars.  The  vast 
sum  provided  as  subsidies,  bounties,  and  X)remiums  in  certain  lines  of 
culture  to  certain  agricultural  institutions  and  to  undertakings  in  the 
line  of  rural  engineering  is  worthy  of  notice,  as  is  also  the  item  of 
interest  guaranteed  to  companies  undertaking  useful  work  in  agricul- 
ture and  for  aid  to  sufierers  from  sundry  casualties.  But  in  no  way 
can  they  be  commended  for  emulation  by  the  Government  of  the 
United  States,  except  as  to  forestry. 


922      RErORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

Appropriations  for  French  Minisinj  of  Agriculture  for  lS9d. 

Salaries  of  tlio  Miuister,  staff  of  central  administration,  sundry  expenses, 

publications,  subscrijitions  to  publications,  inspection  service,  etc $221,830 

Agricultural  education  and  breeding  establisliments,  including 

salaries  of  teachers  and  emploj'ces,  material,  and  plant $319,  000 

Veterinary  schools 209,  390 

528, 390 

Subsidies  to  sundry  agricultural  institutions 400,  000 

Subsidies  to  useful  Avorks  in  agricultural  hydraulics 274,  000 

Premiums  or  bounties  in  silk  culture 800,  000 

Premiums  or  bounties  in  flax  and  hemp  culture 500,  000 

Subsidies  and  expenses  for  the  restoration  of  vineyards 200,  000 

2, 174, 000 

Interest  guaranteed  to  companies  undertaking  useful  public  works 209,  550 

Encouragements  to  the  horse  industry 316,  400 

Maintenance  of  the  "haras,"  or  horse-breeding  establishments 1,  065, 016 

Epizootic  diseases,  including  indemnity  for  animals  slaughtered 115,  560 

Encouragements  to  agriculture,  including  delegates  to  foreign  countries, 

traveling  burses 380,  000 

Decennial  statistics 12,  OCO 

Destruction  of  wolves 8,  000 

Analyses  of  butters  and  fats  4,  000 

Agricultural  hydraulics,  iiolicingand  supervision  of  water,  special  inves- 
tigations, and  state  works 279,  700 

Aid  to  sufferers  from  sundry  casualties 474,  000 

Aggregating,  with  sundry  other  minor  items,  a  total,  exclvisive  of  forestry 

and  agriculture  in  Algeria,  of 5,  792,  628 

Forestry  is  provided  for  by  a  special  appropriation  of  $2,644,000.  The  total 
appropriation  for  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture,  including  forestry,  is  $8,436,628. 
Forestry  is,  however,  given  separately  because  it  returns  an  income  much  in  excess 
of  its  expenditures.  The  receipts  of  the  Government  from  its  forests  and  the 
amounts  received  from  town  governments  and  j)ublic  establishments  for  the  super- 
vision and  management  of  tlicir  forests  aggregate  $5,600,000.  The  appropriations 
ibr  forestry  include  the  cost  of  technical  instruction  in  that  subject  to  the  amount 
of  $35,000.  The  actual  products  of  the  forests  bring  $5,400,000  into  the  treasury  of 
France. 

It  is  well  for  Americans  to  observe  tliat  forestry  in  the  foregoing 
resume  of  the  French  Ministry  of  Agriculture  is  treated  with  that  con- 
sideration which  its  importance  to  all  other  vegetable  life,  and  also 
to  the  continued  existence  of  humanity  itself  upon  this  earth,  merits 
and  demands. 

ITALIANS"   GENERAL  DIRECTION  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

Besides  the  relations  existing  between  agriculture  and  the  Govern- 
ments of  Great  Britain,  Germany,  and  France,  it  may  be  well  to  briefly 
set  forth  those  established  between  the  Government  and  the  agricul- 
tural interests  of  Italy. 

The  department  which  in  this  country  has  special  charge  of  the  agricultural 
interests  is  known  as  the  General  Direction  of  Agriculture,  and  forms  a  branch  of 
the  Ministry  of  Agriculture,  Industry,  and  Commerce.  The  duties  of  this  dej)art- 
ment  are  distributed  among  four  divisions: 


EEPORT   OF    THE   SECEETAKY    OF   AGRICULTUEE.  923 

The  first  deals  with  agriculture  jiroper;  the  second,  known  as  the  Division  of 
Zootechnie,  deals  with  all  that  relates  to  cattle,  insects,  game,  and  fisheries ;  the 
third  has  cliarge  of  the  woods  and  forests;  the  fourth  of  agricultural  hydraulics 
(which  include  irrigation,  drainage,  and  land  iuiprovenients)  and  mines. 

There  is  also,  in  addition  to  the  General  Direction  of  Agriculture,  a  Bureau  of  Agri- 
cultural Legislation. 

The  first  division  above  mentioned,  dealing  witli  agriculture  proper,  is  subdi- 
vided into  three  sections : 

Section  1  relates  principally  to  agricultural  instruction,  having  supervision  of 
experiment  stations,  laboratories,  collections,  schools  of  agriculture,  and  of  the  dif- 
fusion of  agricultural  instruction  in  training  scools  for  teachers,  as  well  as  in  ele- 
mentary schools. 

Section  2  lias  charge  of  measures  for  the  improvement  of  vine-culture  and  horti- 
culture, the  investigations  relating  to  the  diseases  of  plants,  supervision  of  agri- 
cultural shows  and  exhibitions,  fertilizers,  and  agricultural  machinery,  and  is  espe- 
cially charged  with  the  establishiug  of  Chambers  of  Agriculture.  Section  2  is  in 
immediate  communication  with  the  Council  of  Agriculture,  to  be  described  hereafter. 

Section  3  has  charge  of  all  matters  pertaining  to  agricultural  industries  and  eco- 
nomic f[uestious. 

Connected  with  the  first  division  of  the  General  Direction  of  Agriculture  are  cer- 
tain consulting  bodies.  The  first  of  these  is  the  council  for  agricultural  instruction, 
of  which  the  minister  is  cbairmau,  and  which,  includes  besides  fourteen  members, 
nine  being  appointed  for  three  years  by  the  King,  four  being  elected,  one  each  year, 
by  the  Council  of  Agriculture,  while  the  fourteenth  is  the  Director-General  of  Agri- 
culture ex  officio.  The  council  meets  in  regular  session  twice  yearly,  but  a  committee 
'  of  the  council  consisting  of  the  deputy  chairman,  three  members  selected  by  the 
Minister,  and  the  Director-General  meets  monthly. 

The  Council  of  Agriculture  consists  of  (1)  twenty-four  presidents  of  chambers  of 
agriculture,  six  presidents  of  agricultural  associations,  including  economic  societies, 
veterinary  societies,  or  other  bodies  established  in  tbe  interest  of  forestry,  agricul- 
ture, or  stock-raising.  The  above  are  selected  yearly  by  the  minister  from  a  list  of 
agricultural  bodies  entitled  to  representation.  (2)  Fifteen  com>cilors,  holding 
appointment  by  royal  decree  and  selected  for  their  knowledge  of  economic  and 
other  branches  of  learning  connected  with  agriculture. 

The  following' officers  arc  members  ex  officio: 

(1)  The  Secretary-General  of  the  Ministry. 

(2)  Director-General  of  Agriculture. 

(3)  The  chairman  of  the  Zootechnie  Commission. 

(4)  The  chairman  of  the  Horse-breeding  Commission. 

(5)  The  chairman  of  the  Council  of  Woods  and  Forests, 

(6)  The  chairman  of  the  Commission  on  Viticulture. 

Two  members  are  appointed  by  royal  decree  president  and  vice-president,  but 
whcuever  the  minister  is  present  he  occuines  the  chair.  The  secretary  of  the  coun- 
cil is  a  clerk  in  the  department  of  agriculture,  nominated  by  the  Minister. 

The  regular  annual  sessions  of  tlie  Council  take  place  in  April,  but  the  Minister 
may  summon  extraordinary  meetings.  Members  of  the  Council  wlio  do  not  reside  in 
the  capital  are  allowed  traveling  expenses  and  a  subsistence  of  $3  per  diem  while 
attending  the  sessions.  The  proceedings  of  the  Council  are  published  at  the  Gov- 
ernment's expense.  The  Council  is  represented  by  delegates  on  various  other  boards, 
such  as  the  Commission  of  Customs  Yaluation,  the  Council  for  the  Assessment  of 
Railway  Rates,  the  Council  for  Agricultural  Instruction,  the  Council  for  Salt  and 
Tobacco  Monopolies,  and  on  the  College  of  Customs  Exiierta. 

The  commission  on  viticulture  consists  of  twelve  yiembers  appointed  by  royal 
decree,  four  of  whom  are  appointed  each  year  and  serve  for  three  years.  The 
chairman  is  the  Director-General  of  Agriculture,  while  the  chief  of  the  iirst 
division  and  three  inspectors  of  agriculture  are  ex  officio  members. 


924      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

The  sj\stem  of  advisory  councils  prevails  also  in  regard  to  tlie  second  division, 
particularly  with  reference  to  the  Horse-breeding  Service,  in  which  the  Director- 
General  is  assisted  by  a  council  consisting  of  the  director-general  of  cavalry,  the 
director  of  the  second  division  in  the  Agricultural  Deiiartment,  the  chief  officer 
of  tlie  breeding  establishments,  two  delegates  elected  by  the  veterinary  schools,  two 
delegates  from  the  horse-breeding  societies,  one  officer  of  cavalry  nominated  by  the 
minister  of  war,  and  one  other  member  appointed  for  three  years  by  the  Minister  of 
Agriculture.     This  council  meets  twice  a  year. 

TIu!  third  division,  relating  to  ''woods  and  forests,"  and  the  fourth,  relating  to 
"agricultural  hydraulics,"  or  what  may  be  called  rural  engineering,  arepractically 
organized  on  very  much  the  same  line  as  the  divisions  already  described,  including 
the  invariable  advisory  council,  consisting  of  several  officials  serving  ex  officio  and 
other  persons,  appointed  either  by  the  Minister  or  by  royal  decree. 

The  estimates  for  maintenance  of  services  under  the  General  Direction  of  Agricul- 
ture aggregated  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  in  1890  $1,424,613,  of  which  nearly 
$1,200,000  was  for  ordinarj^  expenditures,  the  others  being  classed  as  extraordinary. 
It  must,  however,  be  borne  in  mind  that,  exclusive  of  some  $23,000  expended  in  sup- 
plying private  land  owners  with  young  trees,  the  administration  of  the  Forestry 
De})artmeut  shows  a  balance  or  surj^lus  over  expenditures  aggregating  for  a  period 
of  live  years  over  $100,000. 

From  the  foregoing"  sj'iiopses,  wliicli  sliow  "uiiat  four  of  the  oldest 
nations  of  the  earth  are  doing  to  conserve  and  encourage  successful 
agriculture  within  tlieir  respective  domains,  it  is  possible  for  Americans 
to  draw  many  useful  lessons.  Therefore  they  have  been  prei^ared  and 
submitted  as  didactic  data  to  which  agricultural  colleges,  experiment 
stations,  and  practical  farmers  of  the  United  States  may  turn  for  useful 
suggestions.  In  a  Government  like  this,  while  it  is  not  desirable  to 
coi)y  all  the  forms  of  administration  which  previiil  in  the  Old  World, 
the  substance  may  in  most  cases  be  talcen  and  assimilated  to  our  use, 
so  as  to  be  of  universal  beneficence  to  our  citizens.  It  is  our  duty  and 
dcstinj^  to  seize  the  good  and  reject  the  bad,  as  it  may  be  discovered,  in 
all  the  deiiartments  of  all  forms  of  human  government. 

EXPENDITURES. 

When  the  present  Secretary  of  Agriculture  took  charge  of  the  Depart- 
ment, there  were  upon  its  pay  rolls  2,497  employees.  To-day,  however, 
there  are  on  the  pay  rolls  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  only 
1,904,  a  reduction  of  503  employees.  In  justice,  however,  there 
should  be  deducted  from  the  present  current  expenses  of  the  Depart- 
ment the  salaries  of  11  clerks  who  have  been,  at  its  request,  detailed 
to  the  United  States  Civil  Service  Commission,  and  are  still  paid  their 
salaries,  amounting  to  the  sum  of  $10,200  per  annum,  out  of  the  apjiro- 
priatiou  for  the  Agricultural  Department. 

The  strenuous  endeavor  has  been,  in  view  of  n  depleted  public  treasury 
and  because  of  the  imperative  demands  of  the  taxpayers  of  the  United 
States  for  economy  in  the  administration  of  their  Government,  to 
rationally  reduce  expemlitures  by  the  elimination  from  the  pay  rolls  oi 
all  persons  not  needed  for  an  efficient  conduct  of  the  afi\iirs  of  the 
Department.     At  the  outset  conditions  of  an  unsatisfactory  character, 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AGRICULTURE. 


925 


due  largely  to  a  system  wliicb  permitted  tlie  grossest  luequality  in 
compensation  to  the  employees  of  tlie  Department,  were  confronted. 
Cautiously  and  conscientiously  the  erasure  from  the  pay  rolls  of  the 
Department  of  the  names  of  all  unnecessary  employees,  and  the  increase 
of  its  usefulness,  have  been  undertaten  -with  persistent  purpose  and  not 
a  passive  vigor  of  will.  There  has  also  been  an  attempt,  not  by  any 
means  yet  completed  nor  satisfactorily  successful,  to  equalize  comijen- 
sation. 

The  expenses, of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  during  the  first 
quarter  of  the  i^reseut  year  aggregate  but  $345,870.76,  as  against 
$402,012.42  for  the  parallel  period  of  the  fiscal  year  1893.  And  it  is 
gratifying  to  observe  that  the  saving  up  to  this  time  is  not  less  than 
12  per  cent  per  annum  on  current  exj)enses.  In  verification  of  the 
intention  to  make  at  least  this  reduction  x>ermanent,  the  estimates  for 
the  next  fiscal  year,  which  have  been  submitted  to  Congress,  are  less 
by  $369,050.94  than  those  for  the  current  fiscal  year  which  will  end 
June  30,  1894. 

Comparative  statement  shoivlng  amount  of  appropriations  for  the  Department  of  Afiri- 
cnlturc  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1894,  and  amount  of  estimates  aubmiiled  hij 
the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1895. 


Office  of  the  Secretary 

Division  of  Accounts  and  Disbursements 

Di vii^iou  of  Statistics 

Divi.siou  of  Botany 

Division  of  Entomology 

Division  of  Ornitliology  and  Mainnialo;;y. 

Division  of  Pomology" ."/. . 

Division  of  Microscopy 

Division  of  Ve;xctable  Pathology 

Division  of  Chemistry 

Division  of  Forestry 

Division  of  Records  and  Editing 

Division  of  Illustrations 

Division  of  Seeds 

Document  and  I'olding  Koom 

Museum 

Library 

Agricultural  experiment  stations 

OfMce  of  Experiment  Stations 

Experimental  Garden  and  Grounds 

Eurniture,  cases,  and  repairs 

Postago 

Contingent  expenses 

lioad  making  and  management 

Experiments  in  the  manufacture  of  sugar. 

Irrigation  investigations 

Kutrition 

Fiber  investigations 

Bureau  of  Animal  Industry 

Quarantine  stations  fcr  neat  cattle 

Weather  Bureau 


Total 3,323,500.00 


Appropria- 
tion, 1S94. 


17 

146 

38 

29 

27 

11 

C 

25 

39 

27 

G 

19 

148 

*  10 

7 

3 

745 


900. 00 
700. 00 
100.  00 
GOO.  00 
800. 00 

:!U0. 00 

300.  OC 
700.  UO 
000.  00 

000. 00 

820.  CO 
:joo.  00 
000.  00 
920.  00 
400.  00 
840.  00 
000,  00 
000.  00 


coo.  00 
000.  00 

000. 00 

000.  00 
0;)0.  00 
(100.  00 

000. 00 


8r)0 

15 
951 


000.  00 

000. 00 

000.  00 
100.00 


Estimate 
for  1895. 


$77,  500.  CO 

17,  700. 00 
146, 100.  00 

33.  60:->.  00 
29,  800.  00 
27,  3C0.  00 
11.300.00 

7,  300.  00 
25,  COO.  00 
32,  OOJ.  00 
29,  820.  00 

8,  500.  00 

18,  200.  00 
44,  OOU.  00 
11,000.00 

0,  840.  00 
6,  OCO.  00 


Increase. 


25,  €00.  00 
32,  (;00. 03 
10,  000.  00 

5,  000. 00 
25,  000.  00 
10,  000.  00 
10,  000.  00 

8,  000.  00 
10, 000. 00 


700,  000.  00 

12.000.00 

854, 223.  06 


2,233,813.00 


Decrease. 


2,  000.  00 
2, 200. 00 


540.  00 

""3,' 666. 00 

25,  660.  CO 


2, 000,  00 
10,  000.  00 


40,  540. 00 


5,  000,  00 


7,  COO.  00 


800.  00 
104,  921'.  00 


1,  OOJ.  00 

745,' 666.' 66 
'2,666.06 


10, 000. 00 


5, 000.  00 

150, 000.  00 

3, 000.  00 

96, 876.  94 


1, 136, 1S6. 94 


Amount  of  items  representing  decrease  of  appropriations $1,13G,  190.94 

Amount  of  items  representing  increa.se  of  apjiropriations 46,  540. 00 

Total  decrease 1, 089, 656.  94 

Deducting  amount  appropriated  bv  Congress  for  State  experiment  stations,  and  im- 
properly included  in  the  appropriation  for  the  Department  of  Agriculture 720, 000. 00 

Net  decrease 369,656.94 


926  REPOET    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AGRICULTURE. 

CHANGE— PERMANENCY. 

Among  the  heads  of  divisions  in  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
changes  nnder  the  present  administration  have  been  exceedingly  few, 
because  the  gentlemen  in  charge  of  the  several  divisions  are  gener- 
ally skilled  scientists.  They  are  experts  in  their  respective  profes- 
sions. Many  of  them  are  known  throughout  the  scientific  world,  in 
which  they  have  worked  all  their  lives,  and  their  investigations  arc 
common  to  the  English,  German,  French,  and  Italian  languages. 

Dr.  George  Yasey,  the  chief  of  the  Division  of  Botany,  died  early 
in  March,  1893.  He  was  known  as  a  great  botanist  and  a  high  author- 
ity in  his  specialty  throughout  the  world.  His  loss  is  profoundly 
mourned  by  his  countrymen  who  were  laboring  in  the  same  delightful 
field  with  himself,  and  by  botanists  over  the  sea,  throughout  Great  Brit- 
ain, and  the  Continent.  His  position  was  immediately  tendered  to,  and 
accepted  by,  Mr.  F.  V.  Coville,  his  most  capable  assistant  in  that 
division.  The  other  changes  occurred  because  of  resignations.  Mr. 
A.  W.  Harris,  director  of  the  Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  resigned 
to  accept  the  presidency  of  the  Maine  State  College  of  Agriculture  and 
the  Mechanic  Arts,  and  his  x^lace  was  filled  by  the  promotion  of  Mr.  A.  C. 
True,  who  was  his  assistant.  Maj.  B.F.  Fuller  resigned  his  position 
as  cbiefof  the  Division  of  Accounts  and  Disbursing  Officer,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Mr.  F.  L.  Evans,  who  had  been  his  faithful  first  aid  for 
several  years. 

With  the  exception  of  one  division — that  of  Statistics — these  are  the 
only  changes  made  in  the  chiefs  of  divisions  where  technical  knowl- 
edge and  skill  are  required,  and  in  each  instance  the  vacancy  was 
filled  with  certain  advantage  and  good  results  to  the  service  by  the  i^ro- 
motion  of  experienced  assistants.  These  i)romotions  are  a  recognition 
of  long,  faithful,  comx3etent,  and  useful  labors  in  behalf  of  the  Govern- 
ment. They  are  intended  to  stimulate  ambition,  fidelity,  and  industry 
among  all  well-disposed  emploj-ees  of  this  Department. 

Each  i:>romotion  in  the  Department  ought  to  be  hereafter  in  itself  a 
declaration  that  the  i^erson  advanced  in  rank  and  salary  has  a  superior 
record  for  merit  and  efiicieucy,  and  is  capable  of  a  higher  grade  of 
service,  and  tlierefore  entitled  to  an  increase  of  compensation. 

THE  CLASSIFIED  SERVICE. 

The  Classified  Service  is  defective,  owing  to  the  arbitrary  advance  in 
the  rank  and  pay  of  clerks,  without  requiring  a  higher  grade  of  service 
or  any  increase  of  skill  or  intelligence.  Thus  we  find  inequities  in  com- 
l^ensation.  One  clerk  may  be  drawing  81,800  per  annum  because  he  is 
in  the  $1,800  class,  and  yet  doing  only  the  work  adapted  to  a  person  in 
the  $810  class.  These  inequalities  of  compensation  are,  perhaps,  due 
more  to  the  appropriation  acts  creating  statutory  positions  than  they 
are  to  the  law  creating  the  United  States  Civil  Service  Commission,  or 
to  the  rules  and  regulations  which  that  Commission  has  adopted. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE.      927 

All  obvious  method  of  rcctifyiDg  this  injustice  is  to  be  found  in  mak- 
ing' the  appropriations  in  gross  for  the  pay  of  the  clerical  force  of  each 
Department,  and  leaving  the  head  thereof  to  determine,  from  the  char- 
acter and  quality  of  the  service  required,  how  much  each  clerk  shall 
be  i)aid.  In  all  great  business  concerns — mercantile,  financial,  and 
manufacturing — comijensation  depends  upon  the  quality  and  character 
of  the  service,  and  the  promptness  and  fidelity  with  which  it  is  reu- 
dercd.  There  can  be  no  good  reason  urged  against  the  Government  of 
the  United  States  securing  efiicient  services  in  the  same  manner  tliat 
they  are  secured  by  the  successful  business  interests  of  the  country. 
No  one  can  take  charge  of  a  Department  of  the  Government,  and  of 
his  own  volition  employ  serv^auts  of  mediocre  ability  or  inefficient, 
except  at  the  cost  of  his  own  reputation  and  much  loss  to  the  public 
service  and  public  purse. 

In  the  Department  of  Agriculture  there  are  87  employees  who  came 
in  after  examination  and  certification  from  the  eligible  lists  by  tbe  United 
States  Civil  Service  Commission.  But  there  have  been  038  persons 
placed  in  the  Classified  Service  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  by 
Presidential  orders.  Of  that  number,  118  were  ordered  in  by  President 
Arthur;  by  President  Cleveland  during  his  former  administration,  90 
at  one  time  and  116  at  another;  while  President  Harrison,  by  his 
order  of  January  5,  1893,  placed  314  persons  in  the  Classified  Service 
of  the  Department  of  Agriculture.  So  that  there  have  been  placed 
111)011  its  pay  rolls  725  persons  in  the  Classified  Service. 

The  erroneous  impression  that  a  clerk  in  the  Classified  Service  is  pro- 
tected, or  that  he  has  any  vested  right  in  an  office,  so  as  not  to  be 
amenable  to  higher  authority  because  of  delinquencies  or  malperiorm- 
ance  of  duty,  seems  to  be  quite  generally  entertained,  and  especially 
by  those  who  have  come  into  the  service  through  "an  order"  rather 
than  by  a  rigid  examination.  That  this  is  not  true,  and  that  tenure 
of  office  in  any  Department  depends  upon  industry,  fidelity,  and  xirompt- 
ness,  ought  to  be  italicized  in  the  daily  routine  of  duties  by  aU  those 
Iftiving  authority;  and  it  should  be  understood  that  personal  merit 
and  efficiency  alone,  rather  than  any  extraneous  influence,  can  secure 
and  hold  i^romotions  in  the  public  service. 

It  is  further  suggested  that,  in  the  interest  of  an  efficient  service,  the 
Civil  Service  Commission  should  provide  a  noncompetitive  examina- 
tion for  any  employees  of  a  Department  whom  the  head  thereof  shall 
select  from  those  placed  in  the  Classified  Service  by  a  Presidential  order, 
and  that  in  the  case  of  non-certification  by  the  Civil  Service  Commis- 
sion after  being  thus  examined  such  employees  should  be  dropped  from 
the  rolls! 

DISTRIBUTION  OP  SUED  AT  THE  PUBLIC  EXPENSE. 

The  first  United  States  Commissioner  of  Patents,  Henry  L.  Ellsworth, 
in  the  year  183G  conceived  the  idea  of  distributing  new  and  improved 


928  REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AGRICULTURE. 

varieties  of  seed  among  the  farmers  of  tlie  United  States,  and  from 
that  time  lie  ])atriotically  procnred  the  seed  and  distributed  it  at  his 
own  expense  until  the  year  1839,  when,  upon  his  recommendation,  Con- 
gress appropriated  $1,000,  to  be  taken  from  the  Patent  Office  funds,  foi 
the  purpose  of  collecting  and  distributing  rare  and  improved  varieties  of 
seeds,  and  prosecuting  agricultural  investigations  and  procuring  agri- 
cultural statistics.  And  from  this  small  beginning,  fifty-four  years  ago, 
the  Seed  Division  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  has  grown  to  its 
present  unwieldy,  unnecessary,  and  extravagant  proportions;  so  that 
in  the  year  1892  there  was  appwapriated  the  sum  of  $135,100  for  the  pur- 
pose of  purchasing  seeds,  bulbs,  and  cuttings  for  gratuitous  distribution. 

In  1891  the  seeds  purchased  cost,  in  round  numbers,  $40,000,  Avhile 
the  labor  and  expenses  of  liutting  them  up  and  distributing  them 
alone  cost  the  Department  $50,075.75.  If  there  ever  was  a  good 
reason  for  the  original  purchase  of  new  and  imjDroved  varieties  of  seeds 
for  gratuitous  distribution  there  is  certainly  now  no  valid  reason  for  the 
purchase  and  distribution  of  ordinary  seeds,  bulbs,  and  cuttings  which 
are  common  in  all  the  States  and  Territories,  and  easily  obtainable  at 
low  prices  by  the  people  generally.  This  is  particularly  true  since  the 
establishment  of  an  experiment  station  in  each  State  and  Territory. 
These  stations,  by  their  very  character  and  name,  are  the  proper  agen- 
cies to  experiment  with  and  test  new  varieties.  Each  station  is  pre- 
sumed to  be  in  charge  of  a  director,  of  such  scientific  agricultural 
training  and  so  well  informed  as  to  the  requirements  of  soil,  climate, 
and  other  environments,  that  he  is  especially  qualified  to  make  the 
tests  to  determine  the  value  of  each  kind.  From  the  first  api)ropria- 
tiou  down  to  the  last,  the  Government  of  the  United  States  has 
expended  in  seed  distribution  the  sum  of  $3,101,000,  an  average  during 
fifty-three  years  of  $58,520.75  each  year. 

The  dimensions  of  this  distribution  of  seeds  by  legislation  and  legis- 
lators are  made  visible  in  the  light  of  the  fact  that  for  this  calendar 
year  enough  cabbage  seed  has  thus  been  sent  out  to  plant  1^9,200  acres, 
a  sufiicient  quantity  of  beans  to  plant  4,000  acres,  of  beets  enough  to 
phuit  2,500  acres,  of  sweet-corn  to  plant  7,800  acres,  together  with 
enough  cucumber  seed  for  2,025  acres,  enough  musk  and  watermelon 
seed  to  plant  2,675  acres;  and  that,  altogether,  this  Department  has 
sent  out,  in  more  than  nine  millions  of  packages,  a  sufficient  amount  of 
flower  and  vegetable  seeds  to  plant  89,596  acres  of  land. 

That  this  popular  dissemination  is  regarded  altogether  as  a  gratuity, 
and  not  of  any  appreciable  advantage,  is  proved  by  the  failure  of  any 
general  recognition  of  benefits  by  those  who  have  received  the  packages, 
notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  instructions  of  theDeijartment  require 
them  to  report  results. 

In  view  of  the  above  facts,  this  enormous  expenditure,  without  com- 
pensatory benefits,  ought  to  be  abolished.  Therefore,  looking  to  its 
final  abolition,  more  than  $100,000  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


929 


1895,  lias  been  stricken  from  the  estimate  for  this  purpose,  and  the 
$35,000  estimated  ought  to  be  confined  strictly  to  the  purchase  of  new 
and  improved  varieties,  and  even  these  ought  to  be  distributed  only 
through  experiment  stations.  Thus  seed  will  be  tested  and  found  val- 
uable or  otherwise.  After  the  test  has  been  completed  by  the  experiment 
station  the  proiiagation  of  the  useful  varieties  and  the  rejection  of  the 
A^alueless  should  be  left  to  the  common  sense  of  the  people,  who  will  have 
been  informed  as  to  local  value  and  adaptability  by  the  experiment 
station  bulletins.  An  experimei't  is  simply  a  test.  It  determines  that 
a  thing  is  of  value  or  that  it  is  worthless.  There  can  be  no  experiment 
in  perpetuity,  and  this  illustrates  the  fallacy  of  jiurchasing  and  distribu- 
ting, year  after  year,  the  ordinary  varieties  of  turnip,  cabbage,  celery, 
and  other  seeds. 

For  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1893,  there  were  paid  out  bj^  the 
Department  of  Agriculture,  directly  for  seeds,  ^00,548.61;  and  the 
remainder  of  the  approi)riation  of  6130,000  was  absorbed  in  the  cost  of 
putting  them  into  packages  and  delivering  them  for  distribution.  And 
to  the  above  ox)erating  expenses  of  the  Seed  Division  there  must  be 
added  its  fixed  charges  in  the  form  of  statutory  salaries,  amounting 
to  $13,520,  and  this  swells  the  annual  expenditure  to  $143,520.  The 
number  of  packages  of  seed  distributed  by  the  Department  for  the  year 
1892  was  7,700,000,  and  they  cost  2  cents  apiece,  while  the  average  cost 
of  the  9,000,000  packages  of  seed  distributed  during  the  present  fiscal 
year  is  1  cent  and  4  mills  per  i)ackage. 

Out  of  the  appropriation  made  for  seed  distribution  for  the  year  end- 
ing June  30,  1894,  after  all  the  above  detailed  work  of  purchasing  and 
distributing,  there  will  be  more  than  $20,000  covered  back  into  the 
Treasury  of  the  United  States. 

The  following  is  a  comi^arative  statement  of  seeds  purchased  in 
1892-'93  and  1893-'94,  showing  an  increase  in  the  quantity  of  seed 
obtained  for  each  dollar  expended  during  this  jeav,  a  saving  having 
been  effected  and  an  increase  in  quantity  secured  in  each  variety  pur- 
chased: 

Seeds  j)ureliased  in  fiscal  years  1S93  and  1S94. 


Com. 

Cotton. 

Beans. 

Peas. 

Vegetable 
seed. 

Flower 
seed. 

Miscella- 
neous. 

lS93-'94 

1892  '93 

Bushels. 
2,400 
2,175 

Bushels. 
GOO 
551 

Bushels. 
2,  000 
1,940 

Bushels. 
3,030 
2,800 

Potnids. 
135,  635 
98, 3CG 

Pounds. 
1,905 
1,582 

Bushels. 
165 

Increase. - 

225 

49 

60 

230 

37, 269 

323 

165 

Percentage  of  increase  in  quantities  inirchased  in  1S93-94  over  1892-93, 

Corn 09f 

Cotton 08Jr 

Beans 03 

Peas 07i 

Vegetable  seeds 27 

Flower  seeds 17 

Ab.  93 59 


930  REPORT   OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AGRICULTURE. 

Cost  of  seed. 

Total  cost  of  seeds  for  1892-'93 $66,022.59 

Total  cost  of  seeds  for  1893-'94 54,617.10 

Saving  to  the  Govcruiueut 11,  405.49 

BUREAU  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY. 

The  aiiiount  appropriated  for  this  Bureau  for  the  current  fiscal  year 
is  $850,000;  the  estimate  for  the  ensuing-  year  is  $700,000. 

TEXAS  EEVER  REGULATIONS. 

The  reguhitions  of  1S92  have  been  enforced  during-  1803,  \^'ith  sliglit 
modifications  exempting  certain  counties  in  ISTorth  Carolina,  Yirgiiiia, 
and  Arkansas  from  quarantine  regulations.  The  results  have  been 
very  satisfactory.  The  large  stock  yards  of  the  country  have  kept 
free  from  infection.  Occasional  local  outbreaks  have  been  largely  such 
as  could  have  been  effectually  guarded  against  by  the  owners  of  the 
affected  cattle.  The  efiiciency  of  coirtrol  would  be  greatly  increased 
by  an  amendment  to  the  law  imposing  a  penalty  for  violation  of  the 
regulations  iiromulgated  by  the  Department,  by  railroad  companies 
transporting  infected  cattle. 

EXPORT  CATTLE  INSPECTED. 

The  total  number  of  inspections  made  during  the  past  fiscal  year  was 
011,542.  Only  one-tenth  of  the  cattle  tagged  were  rejected  as  not  in 
proper  condition  for  export.  The  exports  of  live  cattle  show  a  falUng 
off  of  about  25  x)er  cent  from  the  i)receding-  year — a  falling  off'  which 
occurred  entirely  in  the  last  half  of  the  year,  and  which  seems  to  have 
been  due  to  an  increase  in  the  price  of  American  export  cattle. 

VESSEL   INSPECTION. 

Bureau  inspection  of  cattle-carrying  vessels  has  resulted  in  a  con- 
tinual reduction  in  the  percentage  of  losses  of  animals  at  sea.  The 
percentage  of  loss  in  1891  was  If  per  cent;  in  1892,  seven-eighths  of^l 
per  cent,  and  for  1893,  forty-seven  hundredths,  or  less  than  one-half  of 
1  per  cent. 

INSPECTION  OF  IMPORT  ANIMALS. 

The  total  inimber  of  animals  arriving  from  Canada  during  the  year 
and  inspected  by  Bureau  officers  was  402,092.  The  total  number  of 
animals  imported  from  transatlantic  countries  was  1,297.  Ko  con- 
tagious diseases  were  found  among  the  imported  animals.  But  it  is 
essential  that  a  law  should  be  enacted  providing  for  the  inspection  of 
horses  imported  into  this  country,  because  they  are  subject  to  several 
contagious  diseases,  one  of  Mhich  (not  indigenous  to  this  country)  has 
already  been  introduced  by  importation,  which  will  involve  for  its 
eiadication  a  considerable  outlay  of  money. 


REPOET    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AGRICULTURE.  931 

INSPECTION  OF  AMERICAN  CATTLE  IN  GREAT  BRITAIN. 

It  is  deemed  wise  to  continue  this  inspection,  to  learn  the  condition 
in  wliicli  American  cattle  arrive,  tlie  extent  of  losses  at  sea,  and  to 
investigate  the  alleged  cases  of  pleuro-pneumonia  reported  by  British 
inspectors.  Such  allegations  have  been  made  in  the  cases  of  fifty-four 
animals  during  the  year.  The  diagnosis  has  in  each  case  been  i)ro- 
nounced  incorrect  by  the  inspectors  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry, 
and  the  liistory  of  these  animals,  traced  through  the  record,  has  clearly 
shown  that  no  contagious  disease  existed  where  the  animals  had  been 
raised  and  fed,  or  where  they  could  have  been  exposed  in  transit. 

CONTAGIOUS  PLEURO-PNEU3IONIA. 

No  case  of  this  disease  having  been  discovered  in  this. country  since 
March  25,  1892,  and  a  careliil  inspection  having  been  maintained  for 
twelve  months  thereafter,  sufficient  to  furnish  evidence  which  would 
remove  all  apprehension  on  the  part  of  our  own  people,  and  be  accepted 
as  perfectly  conclusive  by  foreign  governments,  it  was  deemed  safe  and 
Judicious,  on  Ax)ril  1  of  this  year,  to  dismiss  the  force  engaged  in  this 
insfjcction. 

MEAT  INSPECTION. 

The  meat  inspection  has  continued  as  prescribed  in  the  regulations 
of  March  25,  1891.  The  extent  of  the  microscopical  inspection  has, 
however,  been  greatly  reduced,  the  intention  being  to  confine  it  rigidly 
to  jH-oducts  intended  for  direct  export  to  countries  exacting  the  same. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  inspection  of  all  animals,  both  before  and  after 
slaughter,  intended  for  export  and  for  interstate  trade,  has  been 
insisted  upon  and  regulations  regarding  this  insi)ection  were  issued 
September  13,  1893.  So  fiir  as  the  microscopic  inspection  extends  it 
has  been  made  more  thorough  by  insisting  upon  a  double  inspection  in 
order  to  secure  i^erfectly  reliable  results. 

EXPORTS   OF  INSPECTED   PORK. 

During  the  year  ending  June  30,  1892,  exports  of  inspected  pork 
aggregated  38,152,871  pounds.  For  the  year  ending  June  30, 1893,  tlicy 
aggregated  but  20,677,410  pounds.  Exports  to  countries  directly  requir- 
ing inspection  were  for  1892,  22,025,098  pounds,  and  for  1^93,  8,059,758 
pounds.  The  falling  ofi;'  in  this  export  trade  was  not  confined,  however, 
to  inspected  pork,  the  total  quantity  exported  for  1892  being  665,490,610 
l)0unds,  while  in  1893  it  was  only  527,308,695  pounds.  The  decrease  is 
partially  accounted  for  by  the  high  prices  of  pork  in  this  country 
throughout  1893.  The  microscopic  iusi)ection  cost  tlie  Government 
6i  per  cent  on  the  value  of  meat  sold  to  the  countries  which  demanded 
that  inspection;  and  a  comjiarison  between  the  amount  of  meat  so  in- 
spected and  sold  in  1892  to  those  countries  and  the  amount  sold  to 
them  in  1893  shows  that  microscopic  inspection  has  not  increased  our 
foreign  sales  and  that  it  does  not  pay. 


932      RErORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE. 
ADDITIONAL  LEGISLATION. 

Existiiio*  law  does  not  adequatelj^  provide  for  the  autlioritative  and 
eifectiial  destruction  of  condemned  carcasses.  Better  provision  for 
this  purpose  is  rendered  all  the  more  necessary  by  the  extension  of 
the  inspection  already  referred  to.  In  the  present  law  there  is  noth- 
ing which  prevents  the  marketing  of  the  carcasses  of  animals  con- 
demned by  the  Department,  in  the  State  where  the  animal  is  killed,  nor 
can  the  Department  follow  such  diseased  carcasses,  in  the  local  mar- 
ket, to  x)revent  their  being  shipped  and  sold  outside  of  the  State.  The 
public  can  be  properly  protected  against  the  use  of  such  meat  only 
through  some  legislation  compelling  the  immediate  destruction  of  any 
animal  or  carcass  condemned  by  United  States  inspectors. 

TUBERCULOSIS. 

While  contagious  pleuro-imeumouia  of  cattle  has  been  successfully 
eradicated,  the  cattle  of  the  country  are  still  afflicted  with  tuberculosis, 
a  disease  widespread  and  more  dangerous  to  human  life  than  pleuro- 
pneumonia. It  is  essential  that  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  should 
undertake  without  delay  measures  looking  to  its  control.  Investiga- 
tions have  been  made  during  the  past  year  as  to  the  means  of  its  com- 
munication and  the  method  of  its  correct  diagnosis.  Much  progress 
has  been  made  in  this  direction  by  the  studies  of  the  Division  of  xlni- 
mal  Pathology.  The  work  must  now  be  extended,  in  cooperation  with 
local  authorities,  until  the  danger  to  human  life  has  been  reduced  to  a 
minimum. 

MALADIE  DU   COIT. 

• 

The  insi)ectors  of  the  Bureau  have  been  remarkably  successful  in 
combating  a  disease  of  the  horse  known  as  dourine  or  maladie  du  coit,  of 
which  an  extensive  outbreak  occurred  during  the  last  year  in  Nebraska 
and  South  Dakota. 

CIVIL   SERVICE  EXAMINATION   OF   INSPECTORS. 

In  this  connection  it  is  recommended  that  hereafter  each  applicant 
for  the  position  of  inspector  or  assistant  inspector  in  the  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry  be  required,  as  a  condition  i^recedent  to  his  appoint- 
ment, to  exhibit  to  the  United  States  Civil  Service  Commission  his 
diploma  from  an  established,  regular,  and  reputable  veterinary  college, 
and  then  submit  to  such  an  examination  in  veterinary  science  as  that 
Commission  may  jirescribe;  and  no  one  failing  to  i:)ass  that  examination 
shall  be  eligible  to  either  of  the  afore-named  positions.  And,  further- 
more, it  is  advised  that  all  the  inspectors  now  in  the  service  be  required 
to  pass  through  the  same  ordeal,  namely,  to  show  their  diplomas  and 
submit  to  a  civil  service  examination. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AGRICULTURE.  933 

DIVISION    OF    ENTOMOLOGY. 

The  amount  approiiriated  for  tliis  division  for  tlie  current  fiscal  year 
is  829,800,  which  amount  remains  unchanged  in  the  estimates  for  the 
ensuing  year. 

Satisfactory  exiieriments  with  remedies  against  tlie  spread  of  the 
hop  plant-louse  liave  been  made  in  Oregon  and  Washington.  Consid- 
erable damage  has  been  reported  in  several  sections  by  .a  destructive 
grasshopper  of  nonmigratory  form.  A  bulletin  was  widely  circulated 
containing  remedial  suggestions,  whicli  resulted  in  prompt  measures 
being  taken  and  much  damage  averted.  Arrangements  have  been 
made  for  an  investigation,  by  a  resident  of  Japan,  of  insects  injurious 
to  agriculture  in  that  country,  particularly  of  those  which  would  be 
likely  to  be  introduced  into  this  country.  A  request  was  made  recently, 
by  the  State  board  of  Massachusetts,  that  the  Secretary  of  Agricul- 
ture should  further  the  efforts  of  the  board  in  getting  Congressional 
appropriations  to  aid  them  in  fighting  the  gypsj'moth.  There  did  not, 
however,  seem  to  be  sufiicient  justification  for  such  assistance,  and  it 
was  accordingly  refused.  At  the  same  time  the  Departmeht  cheerfully 
tenders  all  legitimate  cooperation  in  the  work,  and  is  ready,  as  in  the 
X)ast,  to  give  the  board  the  benefit  of  its  best  efforts  and  exi^erience. 

Eeports  of  occurrences  of  the  pernicious  scale  at  Charlottesville,  Va., 
have  reached  the  Department.  This  is  the  first  appearance  of  this 
insect  on  the  Atlantic  coast  of  the  United  States,  and  calls  for  i^rompt 
educational  cooperation  on  the  part  of  this  Department,  and  this 
has  accordingly  been  freely  tendered.  The  Entomologist,  Prof.  Eiley, 
strongly  recommends,  as  part  of  the  work  for  this  fiscal  year,  an  attempt 
to  introduce  the  Caprifig  insect  from  Smyrna  into  California,  and  to 
introduce  from  Ceylon  the  giant  bee  of  India;  therefore,  the  inter- 
ested attention  of  fruit-growers  in  southern  California,  and  of  bee- 
keepers in  the  several  States  is  directed  in  a  si)ecial  manner  to  these 
suggestions. 

DIVISION  OP  ORNITHOLOGY  AND  MAMMALOGY. 

The  amount  appropriated  for  this  division  for  the  current  fiscal  year 
is  $27,300,  which  amount  remains  unchanged  in  the  estimates  for  the 
ensuing  year. 

The  efforts  of  this  division  have  been  directed  toward  completing 
investigations  begun  several  years  ago,  and  the  preparations  of  results 
for  ijublication.  Two  economic  bulletins  have  been  published — Hawks 
and  Owls  of  the  United  States,  and  Prairie  Ground  Squirrels  of  the 
Mississippi  Valley.  These  last  iirobably  cause  more  injury  to  crops  in 
the  United  States  than  any  other  mammals  except  the  pocket  gophers. 
Many  maps  were  prepared  showing  a  detailed  geographical  distribution 
of  mammals  and  birds.  The  United  States  is  practically  divided  into  a 
definite  number  of  b'elts  or  zones,  each  one  characterized  by  the  pres- 


934      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

eiice  of  certain  animals  and  plants,  tlms  intimating  what  normal  agri- 
cultnral  i)roducts  each  zone  is  best  fitted  to  produce.  The  division  is 
engaged  in  tracing  these  various  zones  across  the  continent,  and  in  the 
preparation  of  large  scale  maps  sho^Ying  boundaries  in  different  colors. 
These  maps  will  illustrate  to  the  farmer  the  location  of  his  farm  Avith 
reference  to  the  life  zone  in  which  it  lies,  thus  giving  him  a  key  to  the 
crops  most  likely  to  succeed.  Biological  surveys  began  in  1889  have 
been  continued  the  i)reseut  season  and  carried  across  the  State  of" 
Wyoming.  Other  field  work  has  been  instituted  in  California,  Oregon, 
Utah,  Nevada,  the  Dakotas,  Xebraska,  Kansas,  and  Colorado,  with 
special  reference  to  the  determination  of  the  northern  boundary  of  the 
zone  known  as  the  Ui^pcr  Sonoran.  The  report  of  the  Death  Valley 
Expedition  has  been  published,  and  the  bulletin  on  the  Common  Crow 
is  now  ready  for  the  printer. 

DIVISION   OF  BOTANY. 

The  sum  appropriated  for  this  division  for  the  current  fiscal  year  is 
$38,600;  the  estimated  expenditures  for  the  next  year  are  §33,G00. 

During  the  present  year  the  series  of  forage  experiments,  both  in 
the  subarid  lauds  of  the  West  and  in  the  humid  region  of  the  Gulf 
States,  have  been  concluded  and  final  reports  on  them  are  now  in  prepara- 
tion. The  importance  of  the  results  attained  in  the  experimental  culti- 
vation of  crops  without  irrigation,  at  Garden  City,  Kans.,  has  been  more 
accentuated  daring  the  present  season  than  ever  before.  The  wheat 
and  Indian  corn  crop  of  western  Kansas  and  adjacent  regions  for  the 
present  season  has  been,  as  is  well  known,  almost  a  total  failure,  so 
mnch  so  indeed  that  in  many  quarters  not  enough  grain  has  been  pro- 
duced to  sufilice  for  next  years  sowing.  In  the  midst  of  these  condi- 
tions tlie  Jerusalem  corn  on  the  experiment  farm  has  now  a  good 
stand  and  a  luxuriant  growth,  promising  a  yield  of  20  to  40  bushels 
per  acre.  This  jiroduct  is  an  admirable  substitute  for  Indian  corn, 
and  from  present  experience  in  feeding,  it  promises  to  be  quite  as 
palatable  to  stock.  In  the  forage  experiments  Hungarian  brorae  has 
been  demonstrated  to  be  clearly  superior  to  all  other  forage  plants 
thus  far  tried  in  the  subarid  regions.  With  a  rainfall  from  January  1 
to  September  1  of  8  inches  (more  than  half  of  which  fell  during  the 
month  of  July)  this  grass  produced  a  crop  of  hay,  estimated  at  one 
ton  per  acre,  greedily  eaten  by  stock  and  of  high  nutritive  value. 

For  the  future  Avork  of  the  Division  of  Botany  there  are-  contem- 
plated, in  addition  to  a  continuation  of  the  present  work  of  tlie  division, 
certain  lines  of  investigation  in  connection  w^ith  the  herbarium,  for 
which  there  is  urgent  demand.  One  such  line  of  work  is  the  mainte- 
nance of  a  seed  collection  to  contain  seeds  of  all  weeds  and  cultivated 
plants,  as  well  as  those  of  our  wild  species  which  are  eaten  by  birds 
and  animals.     Such  a  collection  in  the  hands  of  an  expert  is  required 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AGRICULTURE.  935' 

to  enable  the  Department  to  answer  inquiries  regarding  the  purity  of 
seeds  put  on  the  market  by  dealers,  the  detection  of  weed  seeds  in  grain 
samples,  the  identification  of  the  vegetable  contents  of  bird-stomachs, 
the  detection  of  adulterations  in  many  commercial  products,  and 
other  questions  of  a  similar  nature.  In  other  lines  also  it  is  pro- 
posed to  develop  and  make  use  of  the  economic  side  of  the  herbarium, 
taking  up  botanical  work,  with  which  State  exxjcriment  stations  are 
not' in  a  i)osition  to  deal. 

A  card  catalogue  of  the  botanical  libraiy  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  has  been  comj)leted,  to  which  are  now  being  added  titles 
of  all  botanical  works  accessible  in  the  other  libraries  of  Washington. 
Several  collectors  have  been  employed  during  tlie  season,  confining  their 
work  x^rincipally  to  the  arid  and  subarid  portions  of  the  West. 

DIVISION  OF  VEGETABLE  PATHOLOGY. 

The  sum  appropriated  Ibr  this  division  for  the  current  fiscal  year  is 
$25,600;  this  sum  remains  unchanged  in  the  estimates  for  next  year. 

The  work  of  this  division  has  been  divided  about  equally  between 
the  laboratory  and  the  field.  In  the  laboratory  a  number  of  diseases 
affecting  fruits,  grains,  and  other  useful  plants  have  been  studied. 
The  field  work  has  covered  improvement  of  machinery  used  in  spray- 
ing, the  determination  of  the  proper  time  or  times  for  applying  fungi- 
cides, and  the  trial  of  substances  known  or  supposed  to  have  fungicidal 
value.  Another  important  branch  of  this  work  is  the  improvement  of 
cultural  methods  with  a  view  of  preventing  diseases,  thereby  enabling 
Ijlants  to  be  grown  to  the  highest  state  of  lierfection. 

The  scattered  nature  of  the  literature  on  fungicides  has  made  it 
desirable  to  bring  together  in  convenient  shape  all  possible  informa- 
tion on  the  subject.  With  this  object  in  view  more  than  1,500  foreign 
and  domestic  references  were  secured  during  the  year,  700  of  which 
have  been  consulted  in  the  original,  and  critically  reviewed.  This  mat- 
ter, together  with  the  published  and  unpublished  data  of  the  division, 
will  form  the  basis  of  a  bulletin  that  will  include  a  discussion  of  the 
chemistry  and  toxicology  of  the  more  imx)ortant  fungicides,  together 
with  a  critical  resume  of  the  facts  bearing  on  the  fungicidal  value  of 
the  various  substances  now  employed  as  remedies  f(U'  plant  diseases. 

The  diseases  of  citrous  fruits  and  other  subtropical  plants  have  been 
studied  during  the  year  by  two  assistants  stationed  in  Florida.  The 
horticulturists  of  that  State  have  greatly  aided'  the  investigations  by 
their  hearty  support.  Several  orange-growers  have  given  parts  of  their 
groves  for  experiments,  and  the  citizens  of  Eustis  have  erected  a  six- 
room,  one-story  laboratory,  and  given  it  to  the  division  for  its  exclusive 
use.  This  has  very  materially  aided  in  enabling  the  appropriation 
available  to  be  applied  wholly  to  the  purchase  of  the  actual  means  of 
study,  and  to  meeting  the  expenses  of  field  experiments.  A  plat  of  2 
acres  lying  near  the  laboratory  has  been  established  as  an  experimental 


936  REPORT    OP    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AGRICULTURE. 

ga iden.  TLe  laboratory  was  furiiislied  early  last  sirring,  and  since  then 
tlie  studies  of  tlie  various  diseases  of  citrous  fruits  have  been  pushed  as 
rapidl}'  as  j)ossible. 

There  are  four  principal  diseases  of  the  orange  and  lemon  now  beiug 
investigated.  They  cause  an  aggregate  annual  loss  of  fully  $250,000. 
All  of  these  niahidies  are  of  an  obscure  nature,  but  it  is  claimed  that  the 
investigations  already  made  have  thrown  very  considerable  light  on 
three  of  them  and  render  an  intelligent  trial  of  remedies  possible.  The 
fourth  disease,  the  orange  blight,  although  one  of  the  most  destructive, 
is  still  very  imperfectly  understood,  but  it  is  hoped  that  the  greatly 
increased  facilities  afforded  by  the  laboratory  will  render  it  possible  to 
discover  the  cause  and  the  remedy  for  the  disease. 

The  causes  affecting  the  fruitfulness  of  pears  and  apples  have  been 
made  the  subject  of  further  study.  The  important  discovery,  made 
incideutall}'  while  investigating  the  effects  of  the  transmission  of  dis- 
ease germs  through  the  flowers  by  bees  and  other  insects,  that  many 
of  our  common  varieties  of  i)ears  are  incapable  of  self-fertilization,  was 
pointed  out  last  year.  At  the  same  time  attention  was  also  called  to 
the  fact  that  this  discovery  exi)laiued  why  large  blocks  of  single  vari- 
eties of  pears  often  failed  to  bear  satisfactory  crops,  even  though  the 
flowers  were  abundant  and  all  other  conditions  excepting  those  insur- 
ing cross-fertilization  were  present.  In  order  to  obtain  additional  evi- 
dence on  tkis  x)oint,  the  experiments  made  in  1892  were  repeated  the 
past  season,  the  work  being  carried  on  at  Eochester,  E".  T.,  and  Parry, 
jST.  J.  The  results  of  this  work  verify  the  conclusions  obtained  in  pre- 
vious years,  showing  that  to  insure  the  highest  fruitfulness  pear  and 
a])ple  orchards  should  consist  of  mixed  varieties.  Where  large  blocks 
of  pears  have  failed  to  fruit  through  lack  of  cross-fertilization  the 
trouble  may  be  remedied  by  top-grafting  with  a  different  variety  to 
supply  the  necessary  x)ollen.  A  bulletin  containing  a  full  account  of 
the  work,  together  with  the  results  obtained,  is  now  ready  for  the 
printer. 

The  work  in  California  has  been  continued  along  practically  the 
same  lines  as  in  previous  years.  The  A'ine  disease  has  been  made  the 
subject  of  special  study,  and,  in  addition,  several  maladies  of  other 
fruits  have  been  under  investigation.  The  rust  of  i)rune  leaves,  a  very 
troublesome  disease  in  some  sections,  has  been  successfully  combated 
by  spraying.  The  blighting  or  blasting  of  grape  flowers,  commonly 
known  as  coulure^  has  been  studied  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State. 
This  trouble,  which  is  often  due  to  constitutional  defects  in  the  vine, 
frequently  causes  the  loss  of  the  entire  crop.  During  the  year  a  series 
of  exi)eriments  in  crossing  aud  hybridizing  the  vine  was  carried  on  in 
the  hoiie  that  by  this  means  varieties  free  from  coulure  might  be 
obtained. 

The  year  has  brought  to  a  close  the  experiments  with  fertilizers  for 
the  prevention  and  cure  of  peach  yellows.  This  work,  covering  a  period 
of  four  years,  was  carried  on  in  the  heart  of  the  great  peach  region  of 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  AGRICULTURE.      937 

the  Maryland  and  Delaware  peninsula.  The  results,  which  have  been 
published  in  full  in  Bulletin  No.  4  of  this  division,  show,  it  is  claimed, 
conclusively,  that  the  disease  can  not  be  prevented  or  cured  by  apply- 
ing to  the  soil  any  of  the  well-known  plant  foods.  Thousands  of  dol- 
lars have  been  spent  by  growers  every  year  upon  fertilizers  and  other 
so-called  remedies  of  a  similar  nature,  and  it  is  believed  the  results  of 
tha  investigations  made  by  the  division  will  result  beneficially  in 
checking  useless  expenditure.  Since  the  comiDletion  of  the  fertilizer 
work  the  special  agent  in  charge  of  the  investigations  has  been  able 
to  devote  more  time  to  laboratory  researches  into  the  causes  of  the 
-disease.  Laboratory  investigations  and  field  experiments,  having  in 
vicAV  the  discovery  of  a  natural  means  of  infection,  have  also  been  under 
way.  So  far  yellows  is  only  known  to  be  communicated  by  budding, 
but  all  the  facts  at  hand  indicate  that  the  disease  may  have  the  power 
of  spreading  in  other  ways. 

The  experiments  in  the  treatment  of  wheat  rust,  begun  in  1S91,  have 
been  continued;  the  results  of  the  fii'st  season's  work,  covering  the 
treatment  of  seed  and  soil  separately  and  combined,  si)raying  the 
plants  at  various  intervals,  etc.,  were  published  in  the  early  part  of 
the  year.  During  the  past  season  the  work  was  wholly  confined  to 
spraying  the  plants,  it  having  been  shown  by  the  i)revious  year's  labors 
that  the  seed  and  soil  treatments  were  worthless,  so  far  as  the  preven- 
tion of  rust  was  concerned. 

DIVISION  OF  POMOLOGY. 

The  sum  appropriated  for  this  division  for  the  current  fiscal  year  is 
.$11,300 ,•  this  sum  remains  unchanged  in  the  estimates  for  next  year. 

The  work  of  this  division  has  included  and  concluded  the  collection 
of  fruit  models  and  edible  nuts,  which  has  been  on  exhibition  at  the 
World's  Fair  during  the  summer.  The  importance  of  the  subjects  illus- 
trated and  the  measure  of  success  attained  have  justified  the  labor 
applied.  Nearly  1,000  models  of  fruits,  comprising  025  varieties,  and 
more  than  300  packages  of  wild  and  cultivated  nuts,  compose  the  col- 
lection. If  provision  is  made  for  the  gradual  and  j  udicious  enlargement 
of  this  collection  it  may  afford  a  means  of  determining  the  range  of 
climatic  variation  in  our  cultivated  fruits. 

The  economic  work  has  included  the  identification  of  specimens  sent 
by  growers  for  that  purpose.  The  collection  of  models,  in  addition  to 
its  scientific  value,  has  been  found  an  effective  helx)  in  the  work,  and  it 
is  believed  that  the  accuracy  and  reliability  of  this  branch  of  the  work 
of  the  division  is  increasing.  An  examination  of  the  oflice  records 
shows  that  about  three-fourths  of  the  specimens  sent  for  this  purpose 
have  been  scientifically  identified.  During  the  year  more  than  one 
hundred  new  varieties  not  previously  described  have  been  received  for 
examination,  and  have  been  rei)orted  on  as  to  their  value  for  propaga- 
tion and  introduction. 


938  liEPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AGRICULTURE. 

The  preparation  of  reports  for  publication  on  tlie  culture  'of  different 
fruits  has  been  intermittently  continued.  Current  work  is  urgent  and 
imperative,  owing  to  tlie  perishable  nature  of  the  specimens  received 
and  the  importance  of  immediate  and  full  replies  to  inquiries.  The 
bulletin  on  nut  culture  is  ready  for  i)ui>lication;  that  on  small  fruits 
is  well  under  way,  and  the  tabulation  of  replies  to  the  circulars  on  apjile 
culture,  of  which  several  thousand  were  sent  to  apple-growers  during 
two  iirevious  years,  has  commenced. 

The  preparation  of  the  revised  catalogue  of  American  fruits  has  been 
continued,  this  duty  having  been  entrusted  to  a  j)roperly  qualified 
special  agent.  It  is  believed  that  the  work  can  be  comj^leted  during 
the  coming  year.  The  monograph  on  the  grai^e  yet  remains  uupub- 
lishecL 

DIVISION  OF  GARDENS  AND  GROUNDS. 

The  sum  approiiriated  for  this  division  for  the  current  fiscal  year  is 
$34:,000j  the  estimated  expenditures  for  next  year  are  832,000. 

This  division  is  charged  with  the  care  of  the  thirty-five  acres  of 
grounds  of  the  Department.  It  has  supervision  also  of  the  glass 
structures,  which  cover  a  space  of  about  three-fourths  of  an  acre  and 
are  well  filled  with  i)lants.  A  considerable  area  under  glass  is  devoted 
to  the  propagation  and  growth  of  i^lants  for  distribution  throughout 
the  [Jnited  States  and  for  exchange  with  foreign  countries.  The  super- 
intendent determines  any  questions  relative  to  practical  horticulture, 
floriculture,  fruit-growing  interests,  and  economic  gardening  and  gar- 
den architecture  that  may  be  submitted  to  the  Department. 

The  following  i)lants  were  distributed  during  the- past  year:  Straw- 
berries, 30,400;  grapes,  native  and  foreign,  15,000;  olives,  2,734;  cam- 
phor, 2,09G;  figs,  3,000;  miscellaneous,  consisting  in  part  of  oranges, 
currants,  loquats,  vanilla,  black  pepper,  and  various  semitropical  plants, 
2,875;  tea,  2,090;  coffee,  710;  raspberries,  422;  and  pineapples,  570.  In 
all,  upwards  of  00,000  plants. 

Applications  for  plants  are  often  bewildering,  enumerating  plants 
indigenous  in  all  the  zones  of  the  globe,  embracing  the  most  northern 
and  the  most  tropical  of  species,  to  be  tested  perhaps  in  localities  where 
but  few  of  them  could  live,  and  of  such  extensive  variety  that  no  single 
plant  establishment  in  the  world  could  furnish  them.  Bequests  of  this 
kind  involve  considerable  explanatory  correspondence  Avhich  can  not 
be  avoided.  And  while  an  effort  is  made  to  meet  all  reasonable  de- 
mands in  this  direction,  the  Department  exercises  discrimination  as  lo 
the  kinds  of  plants  sent  out,  availing  itself  of  the  experience  gained 
by  testing  the  hardiness  and  other  qualities  of  plants  previous  to  their 
distribution. 

In  the  Southern  St-ates,  where  many  species  of  semitropical  plants 
may  be  successfully  cultivated,  a  great  desire  is  manifested  to  experi- 
ment with  crops  tlie  culture  of  Avhich  has  not  hitherto  become  general. 
This  desire  increases  proportionately  as  a  knowledge  of  the  benefits  to 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE.      939 

be  derived  from  diversified  culture  grows.  There  is  much  inquiry  as 
to  the  olive  and  the  fig;  and  of  these  good  collections  are  maintained, 
and  many  thousands  are  annually  propagated  and  sent  to  regions  best 
titted  for  their  growth. 

DIVISION  OF  FORESTRY. 

The  amount  appropriated  for  this  division  for  the  current  fiscal  year 
is  §27,820;  the  estimate  for  the  ensuing  year  is  $29,820. 

The  condition  of  the  forestry  industry  in  this  country  still  remains 
markedly  unsatisfactory.  Under  our  present  system  the  efforts  of  the 
Forestry  Division  of  this  Department  are  restricted  to  purely  educa- 
tional work,  and  this  has  been  carried  on  for  over  fifteen  years  -without 
perceptibly  abating  wasteful  lumbering  and  destructive  fires,  which  are 
destroying  our  primitive  forest  supplies  and  inflicting  permanent  injury 
upon  the  lumber  interests  and  seriously  menacing  agriculture.  With 
all  due  allowance  for  the  absence  of  verifiable  statistics,  it  may  be 
safely  asserted  that  the  yearly  wood  consumption  in  the  United  States 
is  twice  as  great  as  our  estimated  forest  area  is  capable  of  producing 
annually.  In  this  connection  it  must  be  noted  that  the  Forestry  Divi- 
sion has  not  been  sufficiently  endowed  to  undertake  the  task  of  collect- 
ing reliable  statistics  as  to  the  consumption  and  growth  of  wood  mate- 
rial and  the  ijrospects  of  supply  and  demand,  whicb  should  form  the 
basis  of  a  wise  government  policy.  Meantime  supplies  are  waning  and 
proofs  are  accumulating  of  the  malign  influence  of  deforestation. 

Tiie  policy  of  setting  aside  forest  reservations  from  the  public  domain 
— a  policy  far  too  long  delayed  but  now  happily  inaugurated  and  apply- 
ing to  a  total  area  of  17,000,000  acres — should  be  followed  by  a  well- 
considered  supervision  of  the  same,  and  the  remaining  timber  lands 
on  the  public  domain  should  be  withdrawn  from  disposal.  Without 
forests  to  take  care  of  or  power  to  shape  the  forest  policy  of  the  country, 
his  Department  can  only  suggest  plans  for  a  more  rational  treatment 
of  our  forest  resources. 

In  the  absence  of  appropriations  justifying  statistical  inquiry',  atten- 
tion was  turned  to  the  scientific  side  of  the  forestry  i^roblem  by  this 
division.  The  main  expenditure  of  funds  has  been  in  the  investigation 
of  the  timbers  of  the  United  States,  as  to  their  strength  and  mechani- 
cal properties,  when  grown  under  varying  climate  and  in  different  soils. 
This  work  has  been  carried  out,  so  far,  in  a  way  which  has  elicited 
favorable  comment  from  competent  critics  at  home  and  abroad.  The 
investigation  of  the  long-leaf  pine  demonstrates  that  the  bleeding  of 
this  tree  for  turpentine  is  not  injurious  to  the  quality  of  its  timber. 
This  discovery  has  enhanced  the  value  of  the  forests  so  treated  in  the 
Southern  States  by  several  million  dollars.  Legislation  is  furthermore 
earnestly  recommended  v\iiich  shall  i)reserve  forest  reservations  and 
provide  for  a  rational  disposal  of  ripe  timber,  on  Government  lands, 
similar  to  that  contemplated  by  Ilouse  bill  No.  110,  Fifty-third  Con- 
gress, amendment  of  section  21. 


940 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


Wliile  recognizing  the  differences  between  our  system  and  that  of 
European  countries  which  are  successfully  applying  methods  of  forest 
administration  inapplicable  to  the  United  States,  we  must,  neverthe- 
less, turn  to  those  that  have  made  forest  administration  a  success  for 
suggestions,  and  theEepublic  of  Switzerland  is  commended  as  furnish- 
ing the  most  practical  economic  data  in  this  particular. 

It  is  not  inappropriate  to  call  attention  to  an  act  to  repeal  timber-cul- 
ture laws,  and  for  other  purposes,  approved  March  3, 1891,  and  to  sug- 
gest further  legislation,  if  it  be  deemed  necessary,  to  properly  construe 
section  21  of  that  act,  which  authorizes  i\ie  President  of  the  United 
States  to  "  set  apart  and  reserve,  in  any  State  or  Territory  having  x)ublic 
land  bearing  forests,  in  any  part  of  the  iDublic  lands  wholly  or  in  i)art 
covered  with  timber  or  undergrov.' th,  whether  of  commercial  value  or 
not,  as  X)ublic  reservations,  and  the  President  shall,  by  i)ublic  procla- 
mation, declare  the  establishment  of  such  reservations  and  the  limits 
thereof." 

IMembers  of  the  American  Forestry  Association,  and  all  other  citizens 
interested  in  the  conservation  of  woodlands  and  the  reafforestation  of 
denuded  areas  of  lands  not  suitable  to  tillage,  will  be  pleased  to  read  in 
"Dankleman's  Zeitschrift,  September,  1893,"  the  deserved  comj)liment 
which  the  reviewer  of  the  United  States  timber  examination  work  (insti- 
tuted by  B.  E.  Fernow,  in  charge  of  forestry  interests)  has  unreservedly 
awarded  this  Department.  The  judgment  of  Mr.  Fernow's  work  in  this 
division,  in  his  scientific  investigation  of  the  several  varieties  of  timber, 
as  to  strength,  durability,  and  general  utility,  in  relation  to  the  condi- 
tions of  growth,  is  all  the  more  valuable  because  the  gentleman  who 
gives  it,  is  himself  in  charge  of  forestry  w^ork  of  a' similar  character  for 
the  Prussian  Government.  And  it  is,  therefore,  a  matter  of  congratula- 
tion, among  all  those  who  realize  the  importance  of  forestry  work  in  the 
United  States,  to  read  the  following  unequivocal  and  merited  commenda- 
tion of  the  work  of  this  division  in  the  Agricultural  Department: 

This  plau  of  work  is  as  remarkable  for  its  scope  as  for  conbSstent  pursuit  of  an 
eminently  practical  result.  Although  Germany  has  accomplished  a  great  deal  in 
some  directions  of  this  field,  especially  in  investigating  the  laws  of  growth  and 
wood  structure,  we  are  yet  far  from  having  such  a  compreliensive  and  indispensable 
knowledge  even  of  our  most  im^iortaut  timbers.  We  must  admit,  with  a  certain 
sense  of  humiliation,  that  the  Americans  show  us  what  it  is  we  really  ought  to 
know,  and  that  they  have  already  by  far  surpassed  us  in  the  elaborate  organization 
for  these  investigations. 

If,  in  less  than  a  decade,  Americans  have  in  a  forestry  specialty  sur- 
passed Germany,  why  can  not  we  a  generation  hence  rejoice  in  tlie  most 
efficient  forestry  system  of  the  world  ?  And  can  the  result  be  reached 
in  a  popular  government  through  other  than  educational  institutions, 
beginning  with  the  common  schools?  And  to  initiate  a  tree-conserv- 
ing and  tree-planting  crusade  that  shall  be  efficient  and  benignant  will 
be  the  constant  aim  of  this  Department. 


REPORT   OF    THE    SECRETARY   OF    AGRICULTURE.  941 

OFFICE  OF  FIBER  INVESTIGATIONS. 

The  ai^propriation  for  this  divisiou  for  tLe  current  fiscal  year  is 
$5,000. 

Interesting  experiments  in  the  culture  of  flax  have  been  made  the 
pre^ient  season  under  direction  of  the  Department  in  the  State  of 
Washington.  Eesults  have  been  equally  as  satisfactory  as  in  the 
case  of  flax  experiments  in  Oregon  in  1891.  The  excellence  of  the 
straw,  as  sho^Yn  in  the  samples  received,  promises  well  for  the  future  of 
the  flax  industry-.  The  importance  of  its  development  in  our  own 
country  is  indicated  in  the  steady  decline  in  flax  production  abroad, 
which  in  time  must  lead  to  a  large  increase  in  the  price  of  flax  and 
linen  products  imported.  Flax  grown  in  Minnesota  in  the  past  year 
and  manufactured  for  this  Department  in  one  of  the  largest  mills  in  the 
East  was  declared  by  experts  preferable  to  the  same  grade  of  imjiorted 
flax.  Inventions  in  the  line  of  labor-saving  iuachinery  in  flax  culture 
have  been  stimulated  by  the  prominence  given  to  flax-growing  in  the 
past  few  years  by  this  Department,  l^o  opportunity  has  as  yet  been 
afforded  to  test  these  machines  practically  and  pronounce  upon  their 
economic  merits. 

In  connection  with  our  flax  industry,  the  United  States  consul-gen- 
eral at  Frankfort,  Germany,  recently  presented  a  report  containing 
facts  fall  of  interest  to  our  flax-iiroducers.  He  states  that  during  the 
year  1892  Germany  imported  over  G0,000  tons  of  raw  flax  fiber, 
which  was  utilized  by  thirteen  large  spinneries.  Over  55,000  tons  came 
from  Eussia,  which  country,  it  seems,  also  exports  largely  to  England 
and  Belgium,  indicating  a  demand  for  the  raw  fiber  in  these  countries. 
Germany  admits  this  product  free  of  duty 5  and  owing  to  the  dif- 
ferences on  the  question  of  the  tariff  existing  between  Germany  and 
Eussia,  the  consul  iiertineutly  suggests  the  i)ossibility  of  the  flax-seed 
growers  of  the  United  States,  who  now  throw  away  immense  quantities 
of  the  straw,  utilizing  it  by  taking  the  trouble  necessary  to  save  and 
prepare  it  for  exi)ort.  It  is  more  than  probable  that  in  certain  sections 
of  this  country,  and  at  the  expense  of  a  little  time  and  trouble,  the  flax 
straw  now  wasted  may  be  so  saved  as  to  compete  with  the  Eussian  flax 
straw  in  the  markets  of  Germany,  England,  and  Belgium. 

The  interest  in  ramie  continues  and  the  cultivation  of  jute  is 
attracting  a  great  deal  of  attention.  The  possibility  of  the  production 
of  these  fibers  in  certain  sections  has  been  demonstrated,  but  further 
experiment  is  needed  to  settle  the  question  of  cost  of  production  and 
machinery  for  cleaning.  As  an  evidence  of  the  value  of  the  bulletins 
issued  from  this  office  upon  the  fiber  question,  it  may  be  stated  that 
some  of  them  have  been  published  privately,  others  by  State  legisla- 
tion, while  one  has  been  translated  into  Spanish  and  rei)ublished  in 
South  America. 


942  REPOET    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OP    AGRICULTURE. 

DIVISION  OF  CHEMISTRY. 

,  The  amount  appropriated  for  this  div^isioii  for  the  current  fiscal  year 
is  $59,000;  the  amount  estimated  as  required  for  the  ensuing  year, 
$-12,000. 

DOMESTIC   SUGAR.  PRODUCTION. 

TheVork  in  connection  \Yith  sugar-beet  production  during  the  past 
year  almost  proves  the  ada])taljility  of  vast  sections  of  this  country 
for  this  branch  of  modern  agriculture.  For  the  first  time  in  this 
country  a  crop  of  sugar  beets  lias  been  grown  from  domestic  seed  pro- 
duced under  the  most  rigid  scientific  culture.  That  crop  has  been 
highly  satisfactory.  The  continuance  of  experiments  with  sugar  beets 
is  recommended  by  the  chief  of  this  division  in  order  to  verify  the 
opinions,  which,  in  his  judgment,  are  already  justifiably  formed.  The 
experiments  in  sorghum  sugar  may,  it  is  believed,  be  discontinued,  the 
results  of  experiments  already  made  leaving  ap]}areutly  nothing  more 
for  the  Federal  Government  to  undertake.  A  stage  is  now  reached 
when  individual  enteri^rise  can  and  sliould  take  advantage  of  what  the 
Department  has  accomplished. 

Experiments  with  the  sugar  cane  in  Florida  seem  to  justify  the 
expectation  that  the  latitude  aud  climate  of  the  lower  portion  of  that 
Xieninsula  are  adapted  to  the  ])roduction  of  a  cane  that  will  compete 
successfully  with  the  Cuban  variety.  Further  experiments  seem  to  be 
necessary  to  determine  whether  any  deficiency  in  the  soil  may  be  eco- 
nomically supplied,  aud  for  this  reason  their  continuance  for  another 
year  is  recommended  on  the  advice  of  Prof.  Wiley,  chief  of  the  division. 

IN^^ESTIGATION  OF  FOOD  ADULTERATIONS. 

Eesults  of  investigations  directly  invite  the  recommendation  that 
whenever  food  preservatives  are  used  in  the  preparation  of  canned 
goods  the  fact  should  be  stated  on  the  can,  leaving  the  responsibility 
of  consumption  to  rest  upon  the  i^urchaser.  In  the  absence  of  a  law 
controlling  the  manufacture  of  adulterated  commodities  and  leaving  the 
iuvestigation  of  samples  to  the  discretion  of  the  Secretary  of  Agricul- 
ture, it  has  been  concluded  to  limit  the  investigation  to  samples  oflered 
by  purchasers  or  consumers,  thus  avoiding  any  unjust  discrimination 
between  the  manufacturers  of  edible  commodities. 

SOIL  INVESTIGATIONS. 

An  investigation  into  the  chemical  character  of  ditferent  typical  soils 
of  the  United  States  is  desirable.  It  will  determine  the  best  manner 
of  analyses  and  teach  tlieir  practical  utility.  The  sum  of  $3,000  has, 
therefore,  been  estimated  for  the  ensuing  fiscal  year  "to  enable  the 
Secretary  of  Agriculture  to  undertake  a  special  investigation  of  the 
dillerent  typical  soils  of  the  United  States  to  determine  their  chemical 
character,  their  physical  properties,  and  especially  the  nature  of  the 
nitrifying  organisms  which  they  contain." 


KEPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OP   AGRICULTURE.  943 

DIVISION  OP  MICROSCOPTf. 

Tlic  appropriation  for  tliis  division  for  the  current  fiscal  year  is 
$G,700;  the  estimate  for  the  ensuiug  year  is  §7,300. 

Supplying  information  to  farmers  and  otliers  in  relation  to  the  cul- 
ture of  muslirooms  has  occupied  the  attention  of  the  division  the  past 
year.  Tlie  principal  work  of  the  division  for  the  coming  year  -sfill  be 
the  investigation  of  tlie  cotton  of  various  countries,  ascertaining  the 
relative  length,  elasticity,  tensile  strength,  and  diameter  of  fiber.  It  is 
claimed  that  a  discovery  has  reeentlj^  been  made  in  this  division 
regarding  the  crystallization  of  the  glycerides  of  fatty  acids,  i)articu- 
larly  of  the  medical  and  edible  seed  oils  by  which  it  is  believed  that 
adulterations  of  seed  oils  will  hereafter  be  more  .easily  detected. 

It  is  probable  that  in  the  near  future  the  work  now  assigned  to  this 
division  can  be  divided  between  the  Divisions  of  Botany  and  Vegetable 
Pathology,  audits  accomplishment  provided  for  by  only  slightly  increas- 
ing the  appropriations  of  these  divisions. 

OFFICE  OF  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS. 

The  appropriation  for  this  OfiQce  for  the  current  fiscal  year  is 
$25,000 ;  and  the.  same  sum  is  estimated  for  next  year. 

The  principal  work  of  the  Director  of  the  Office  of  Experiment  Sta- 
tions and  his  assistants  is  the  examination  of  the  work  of  agricultural 
experiment  stations  in  the  United  States  and  other  countries,  and  the  col- 
lection and  publication  of  data  regarding  investigations  for  the  informa- 
tion of  station  workers  and  tliose  interested  in  the  colleges  of  agricul- 
ture. The  wide  extent  of  agricultural  research  is  shown  by  the  fact 
that  there  are  now  320  experiment  stations  in  operation  in  the  different 
countries  of  the  world,  and  the  nund^er  and  importance  of  the  publica- 
tions issued  by  them  are  increasing.  The  task  of  keeping  thoroughly 
informed  of  their  Avork  and  of  supplying  information  regarding  them  is 
a  formidable  one. 

Twenty-three  documents,  aggregating  nearly  2,000  pages,  have  been 
issued  from  the  Office  during  the  past  year,  including  the  fourth  volume 
of.  the  Experiment  Station  Eecord,  which  contains  abstracts  from  321 
reports  of  American  stations,  71  luiblications  of  this  Department,  and 
190  abstracts  from  foreign  works.  Leading  foreign  specialists  have 
contributed  resumes  to  this  volume.  Its  index  is  practical,  and  extends 
to  the  work  of  agricultural  experiments  throughout  the  world  for  the 
current  year. 

NUTRITIVE  VALUE  OF  FOODS  FOR  MAN. 

Investigations  as  to  food  values  in  tk.is  country  have  tlius  far  related 
almost  exclusively  to  improvements  in  the  kinds  and  culture  of  crops 
and  to  their  use  as  food  for  domestic  animals.  It  is  both  desirable  and 
practical  that  questions  relating  to  the  use  of  our  agricultural  products 


944      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

as  food  for  mail  sliould  also  be  considered.  A  suggestive  article  sub- 
mitted by  Mr.  Ethvard  Atkinson,  regarding  tlie  establishment  of  food 
laboratories  in  connection  with  the  experiment  stations  for  this  pur- 
pose, was  recently  published  by  this  Department. 

The  work  of  collating  information  regarding  the  methods  and  results 
of  such  food  investigations  at  home  and  abroad  has  already  been  under- 
taken by  this  Department.  This  information  will  serve  as  a  basis  for 
further  studies  by  such  stations  as  have  the  j)ropeT  equii)meut  of  men 
and  resources  for  this  work.  None  others  should  attempt  it.  In 
furtherance  of  this  line  of  inquiry  an  appropriation  of  $10,000  has 
been  recommended  "  to  enable  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  to  investi- 
gate and  report  upon  the  nutritive  value  of  the  various  articles  and 
commodities  used  for  human  food,  with  SjDecial  suggestions  of  fall, 
wholesome,  and  edible  rations,  less  wasteful  and  more  economical  than 
those  in  common  use,  $10,0005  ^^^  ^^  is  hereby  authorized  to  require, 
free  of  charge  to  him  from  such  agricultural  experiment  stations  as  he 
may  select,  services  in  the  chemical  analysis  of  such  food  material  to  an 
amount  in  cost  from  any  one  station  [of]  not  exceeding  $500." 

OFFICE  OF  IRRIGATION  INQUIRY. 

The  appropriation  for  this  division  for  the  current  fiscal  year  is 
$6,000;  the  estimate  for  the  ensuing  year  is  $8,000. 

The  final  report,  in  four  parts,  of  the  work  of  this  office  ujion  arte- 
sian and  underflow  investigation,  was  brought  to  a  conclusion  and 
printed  last  year.  Since  then  the  division  has  collected  and  published 
an  abstract  of  all  the  important  laws  of  the  several  States  and  Territo- 
ries on  irrigation  and  water  rights.  This  publication  has  been  issued 
as  Bulletin  ^o.  1  of  this  division. 

The  division  has  continued  the  collection  of  methods  and  results  ot 
irrigation,  as  practiced  successfully  in  the  States  and  Territories  of  the 
arid  regions.  This  work  will  be  continued  and  extended  to  cover  the 
simplest  method  of  accurate  water  measurement,  the  proper  quantity 
of  water  needed  for  each  kind  of  crop  raised,  and  an  investigation  into 
the  adaptability  of  the  best  mechanical  appliances  for  the  X)urposes  of 
the  irrigation  farmer. 

GOOD  ROADS. 

The  Fifty-second  Congress  made  an  appropriation  for  the  purpose 
of  investigating  practical  methods  for  the  improvement  of  the  public 
roads  of  the  United  States,  and  in  accordance  with  that  enactment, 
Gen.  Eoy  Stone,  of  New  York,  recognized  as  a  superior  civil  engi- 
neer, and  thoroughly  identified  with  the  poi)ular  movement  toward 
the  improvement  of  the  highways  in  the  several  States,  has  been  placed 
in  charge  of  the  inquiry.  It  will  be  thoroughly  pursued  in  the  direc- 
tion indicated  by  Congress,  but  it  is  too  early  to  deduce  any  conclu- 
sions as  to  possible  results.    Necessarily  some  months  must  elapse 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE.      945 

before  a  sufficient  volume  of  evidence  from  each  of  tlie  several  States 
can  be  obtained  upon  wliicli  to  base  any  intelligent  report  as  to  possi- 
bilities or  probabilities  in  road  improvements.  In  any  event,  it  seems 
now  that  tlie  only  efficient  service  wbicli  tlie  Department  can  render 
to  the  people  in  this  regard  will  be  in  the  collection  and  distribution 
of  practical  knowledge  and  suggestions.  Therefore,  for  the  ensuing 
yearthe  same  sum  ($10,000)  is  estimated  as  needed  to  continue  the  inves- 
tigation, if  Congress  deems  it  expedient  or  desirable. 

DIVISION  OP  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

This  division  prepared  for  the  World's  Fair  an  extensive  exhibit  of 
original  drawings  and  i)aintiugs  of  illustrations  which  have  appeared 
in  the  publications  of  this  Department  during  the  past  fifteen  years;  it 
alsoexhibited  the  different  methods  emjDloyed  in  reproducing  our  illustra- 
tions— wood-engraving,  photo  process,  and chromo-lithography.  During 
the  year  the  division  completed  503  plates  of  illustrations,  containing 
upward  of  900  figures;  107  of  these  plates  were  water-color  paintings,  30 
of  which  were  of  large  size.  These  illustrations  represent  work  for  twelve 
divisions  of  the  Department,  and  include  also  the  special  work  for  the 
exhibit  at  the  Fair.  The  work  has  been  satisfactory,  and  covers 
every  line  of  illustrative  art.  In  the  interest  of  efficiency  and  economy 
a  reorganization  in  the  working  force  of  the  division  has  been  recom- 
mended, looking  to  increased  efficiency  at  a  reduced  cost. 

DIVISION  OF  RECORDS  AND  EDITING. 

The  appropriation  for  this  division  for  the  current  fiscal  year  is 
$d,300 ;  the  estimate  for  the  ensuing  year  is  88,500. 

During  the  first  nine  months  of  the  current  year  the  division  of 
records  and  editing  handled  sixty-six  ])ublications,  representing  nearly 
5,000  printed  pages,  exclusive  of  maps,  charts,  circulars,  reprints,  and 
imblications  issued  by  the  Weather  Bureau  from  its  own  printing  office. 
Eeprints  have  been  ordered  during  this  period  of  twenty-six  publica- 
tions, and  the  cost  of  the  i)rinting  as  charged  or  estimated  for  by  the 
Public  Printer  has  been  for  the  nine  months  $43,229.14.  Of  publica- 
tions printed  by  order  of  Congress,  prepared  in  the  Department  and 
handled  in  this  division,  there  have  been,  in  addition  to  the  above,  four 
publications  aggregating  1,223  pages,  and  the  whole  number  of  copies 
of  these  several  publications  aggregate  over  2,027,000.  Estimates  of 
cost  of  publications,  now  in  the  hands  of  the  Public  Printer,  but  incom- 
plete, aggregate  over  $0,000. 

The  enormous  amount  of  i)rinting  devolving  upon  the  Department, 
and  the  great  increase  thereof  during  the  past  four  or  five  years,  shows 
conclusively  that  the  vicious  principle  of  promiscuous  free  distribution 
of  imblications  must  be  abandoned,  and  only  a  certain  limited  number 
thereof  furnished  free  to  libraries  and  educational  institutions,  and  the 
remainder  sold  at  a  moderate  price.  The  Secretary  of  Agriculture 
Ab.  93 GO 


946  REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AGRICULTURE. 

sliould  be  autliorizcd  to  dispose  of  the  plates  to  i>nblisliers,  under  suit- 
able restiietious  as  to  prices  to  be  charged,  such  sale  to  confer  copy- 
right privileges  upon  the  purchaser. 

It  should  be  stated  that  the  j'carly  average  cost  of  the  printing  and 
binding  for  this  Department,  exclusive  of  the  Annual  Eeport  of  the 
Secretary,  the  Annual  Eeport  of  the  \Yeather  Bureau,  and  the  Annual 
Eeport  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  and  of  such  other  bulletins 
or  reports  as  may  be  ordered  by  special  resolutions  of  Congress,  is 
about  $80,000. 

DOCUMENT  AND  FOLDING  ROOM. 

The  appropriation  for  this  division  for  the  current  fiiscal  year  is 
$10,4G0j  the  estimate  for  the  ensuing  year  is  $11,000. 

Just  as  the  farmer  may  properly  plow,  carefully  cultivate,  and  snc- 
cessfidly  mature  a  bountifnl  harvest,  and  then  lose  the  results  of  all  his 
labor  by  having  no  proper  places  in  which  to  garner  them,  so  the 
Deiiartmeut  of  Agriculture,  no  matter  how  efficiently  its  various  divi- 
sions may  have  made  their  investigations,  nor  how  promptly  they  may 
have  been  published,  may  become  absolutely  useless  if  its  educational 
and  didactic  documents  are  not  skillfaliy  folded  and  with  celerity  sent 
out  to  the  general  i)ublic.  As  an  almanac  ten  years  old  is  valueless  for 
the  practical  purposes  of  to-day,  so  many  of  the  bulletins  upon  special- 
ties connected  with  agriculture,  pomology,  and  the  Bureau  of  Animal 
Industry,  are  comparatively  useless  to  the  people  unless  x)laced  in  their 
hands  with  the  utmost  dispatch. 

In  view  of  these  facts,  the  force  in  the  Document  and  Folding  Eoom 
has  been  thorougldy  reorganized,  and  it  is  now  so  systematized  that  a 
citizen  calling  there  and  inquiring  for  any  publication  ever  issued  by 
the  Department  of  Agriculture,  can  secure  the  same  (if  any  copies  are 
remaining)  without  delay.  Hereafter  each  publication  will  be  circu- 
lated as  soon  as  it  is  issued,  and  no  delay  will  be  tolerated  and  no  dis- 
tribution deferred.  The  gentleman  in  charge  of  the  Document  and 
Folding  Eoom  was  selected  exclusively  because  he  had  been  foreman 
in  a  trade  circular  addressing  company  for  many  j'ears,  and  under  his 
immediate  supervision  a  large  force  had  been  employed,  which  eacli 
mouth  mailed  millions  of  documents  to  the  public. 

THE  AGRICULTURAL  LIBRARY. 

Tlie  appropriation  for  the  library  for  the  current  fiscal  year  is  $3,000  j 
the  estimate  for  the  ensuing  year  is  $6,000. 

Even  those  who  are  the  most  sensitive  as  to  the  invasion  of  the 
economic  domain  by  statutes  admit  that  in  the  proper  protection  of 
X)roperty,  liberty,  and  life,  a  government  should  in  every  practicable 
manner  facilitate  the  education  of  its  citizens.  Therefore  the  estimates 
for  the  purchase  of  useful  books  for  the  library  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  have  been  increased  for  this  year  $3,000, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE.      947 

Two  copies  of  every  volume  ooxiyriglited  in  tlie  Uuited  States  are, 
imder  existing  law,  placed  with  tlic  Librarian  of  Cougress.  Therefore 
he  has  duplicates  of  each  work  iii^oii  agriculture  thus  far  coi)}Tighted  in 
the  United  States.  It  is  suggested  that  Congress  enact  that  its  librarian 
transfer  to  the  library  of  this  Department  one  copy  of  each  of  the  works 
bearing  upon  agriculture,  horticulture,  forestry",  pomology,  botany,  and 
kindred  topics  now  in  his  possession  or  that  may  come  into  his  hands 
hereafter  under  copyright  law.  This  would,  without  additional  cost  to 
the  Government,  and  much  to  the  depletion  of  the  present  inutility  of 
duplipate  books  in  the  Congressional  Library,  add  a  great  many  valuable 
volumes  to  the  agricultural  literature  of  this  Department. 

THE  WORLD'S  FAIR. 

The  World's  Fair  at  Chicago  was  an  exhibit  of  the  civilization  of  all 
the  centuries  condensed.  In  a  single  illuminated  volume  ib  presented 
the  fancies,  the  facts,  the  aspirations,  and  the  achievements  of  humanity 
since  it  began  a  civilized  career. 

Under  the  direction  of  the  Hon.  Edwin  Willits,  who  will  in  the  near 
future,  as  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  report 
thereon,  this  Department  made  a  most  complete  and  useful  exhibit 
in  each  of  the  sjiecialties  represented  by  its  several  divisions.  It 
is  exijected  that  the  property  belonging  to  this  Department,  which 
has  been  on  exhibition  at  Chicago  during  the  past  summer,  will  be 
restored  to  its  proper  place  before  the  1st  day  of  January,  1891.  The 
814:8,000  allotted  to  this  Department  for  the  purpose  of  making  its 
exhibit  at  the  World's  Fair  will  have  been  nearly  exhausted  when  the 
expense  of  repacking  and  returning  shall  have  been  liquidated,  though 
it  is  i)ossible  that  there  may  remain  a  few  thousand  dollars  to  be  cov- 
ered back  into  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States. 

MORE  ROOM. 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  has  with  surprising  speed  outgrown 
the  domicile  allotted  to  it  at  birth.  More  room  in  better  buildings, 
with  fire-proof  apartments,  is  sorely  needed.  The  Division  of  Botany 
has  collections  of  plants  and  herbariums  of  a  value  of  8100,000,  and  in 
case  of  their  destruction  they  could  not  be  replaced  even  at  that  cost. 

The  Division  of  Forestry  has  likewise  a  valuable  assortment  of  tested 
woods  for  which  there  is  no  parallel  in  the  world.  This  also,  in  case  ot 
conflagration,  would  be  quickly  and  totally  lost. 

The  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  in  its  laboratory  and  elsewhere,  has 
a  vast  volume  of  valuable  veterinary  material  which  is  in  practical  use 
for  the  illustrations  and  verifications  in  animal  pathology  from  day  to 
day.  It  has  cost,  besides  large  pecuniarj^  outlay,  years  of  i)atient 
research  b}'  the  best  trained  veterinarians  and  investigators  of  bacte- 
riology.   Its  loss  to  the  animal  industry  of  the  country  could  not  be 


948      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

repaired  in  a  decade,  not  even  witli  a  government  treasury  to  stimulate 
speed  in  tlie  work  of  restitution. 

But  it  is  needless  to  enumerate  the  values  entrusted  to  each  division 
which — from  Entomology  to  that  of  Disbursements  and  Accounts — 
are  the  result  of  diligent  study  and  years  of  i)ractical  labor  and  trained 
experience.  The  Department  is,  from  its  museum  to  its  garret,  crowded 
M'ith  useful,  beautiful,  rare,  and  valuable  results  of  the  scientific  labors 
which  have  been  persistently  i)ursued  during  the  last  twenty-five  years 
by  learned  chiefs  in  its  several  divisions. 

In  view  of  the  foregoing  facts  stands  the  demand  for  new  buildings 
ample  to  accommodate  safely  the  Department  of  this  time  and  the  de- 
veloped Department  of  a  century  not  yet  born.  And  yet  no  appropria- 
tion for  a  commodious  and  permanent  home  in  which  to  locate  this 
Department  can  be  reasonably  asked  in  a  period  of  depressed  business 
and  diminished  revenue.  But  jilans  and  specifications  for  a  properly 
devised  and  durably  constructed  building  or  buildings  might  possibly 
be  provided — in  the  interest  of  economy — at  no  distant  day. 

"WEATHER  BUREAU. 

The  appropriations  for  this  Bureau  for  the  current  fiscal  year  aggre- 
gate $951, 100  j  the  estimated  expenditures  for  the  ensuing  year  amount 
to  $854,223.00. 

During  the  iiast  year  the  work  of  the  Weather  Bureau  has  been  car- 
ried on  with  improved  efficiency  and  economy.  The  reduction  in  cost 
of  maintenance  is  nearly  10  per  cent.  The  estimates  for  the  fiscal  year 
have  been  correspondingly  reduced,  with  the  confident  expectation 
that,  while  more  economically  administered,  the  service  "will  continue 
to  improve  in  usefulness.  A  general  reorganization  of  the  Bnreau  has 
been  j)artially  eft'ected.  It  is  intended  to  modify  exxienses  and  magnify 
the  value  of  the  service  to  agriculture,  commerce,  and  the  people  at 
large. 

FORECASTS. 

The  attention  of  the  employees  of  the  Weather  Bureau  has  been 
fixed  more  strongly  than  ever  before  upon  the  work  of  forecasting  as 
the  primary  duty  of  the  Bureau  to  the  public.  The  former  Forecast 
Eoom,  Telegraph  Division,  and  River  and  Flood  Room  have  been  con- 
solidated in  the  Forecast  Division  and  i^laced  in  charge  of  the  assist- 
ant chief  of  the  Bureau,  Maj.-H.  H.  C.  Dunwoody,  of  the  TJ.  S.  Army. 
The  superintendence  of  the  Wind  Signal  Display  Stations  and  of  the 
Lake  Marine  Section  has  also  been  intrusted  to  this  division.  The 
staff  of  forecast  officials  has  been  assigned  to  this  division,  and  duringthc 
months  in  which  they  are  not  on  official  forecast  duty  they  are  required 
to  make  daily,  for  practice,  complete  forecasts  from  the  a.  m.  map,  employ- 
ingtlie  remainder  of  their  time  in  the  investigation  and  preparation  of 
reports  upon  practical  meteorological  x>i'oblems.     It  is  expected  that 


EEPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AGRICULTURE.  949 

these  reports,  several  of  which  Lave  beeu  completed,  will  be  of  great 
valiioas  practical  aids  to  forecasting. 

The  system  of  giving  each  of  the  local  forecast  officials  in  the  serv- 
ice a  two  months'  course  of  instruction  at  this  office  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  charts  in  use  here  and  in  making  forecasts  for  the  whole 
countrj^,  for  i)ractice,  has  been  continued. 

Arrangements  have  been  made  with  the  Light-House  Board  and  the 
Superintendent  of  the  Life-Saving  Service  whereby  the  keepers  of 
light-houses  and  life-saving  stations  on  the  Atlantic  coast  will  tele- 
graph this  Bureau  during  the  hurricane  season  the  occurrence  of 
heavy  ocean  swells  or  other  signs  of  the  approach  of  hurrictines  to  our 
coast,  these  officials  being  exceptionally  well  located  for  this  purpose. 
During  the  hurricane  that  struck  our  Southern  coast  in  the  latter  part 
of  August,  1893,  a  report  of  a  heavy  ocean  swell  off'  Tybee  Island, 
forwarded  by  telegraph  by  the  observer  at  Savannah,  was  the  earliest 
intimation  of  its  approach. 

The  Eiver  and  Flood  Service  has  been  reorganized  by  putting  the 
making  of  the  forecasts  of  river  stages  and  changes  in  the  hands  of 
experienced  observers  at  the  principal  river  stations,  assigning  to  each 
one  to  forecast  a  section  of  the  river,  or  rivers,  in  his  vicinity.  These 
observers  are  furnished  with  all  the  available  data  of  the  rivers  during 
previous  floods,  and  directed  to  carefully  study  the  same.  They  receive 
daily  telegraphic  reports  of  the  stages  of  the  rivers  and  amount  of 
rainfall  throughout  their  sections.  These  reports  with  their  own  experi- 
ence and  rules  of  practical  value  in  river  forecasting  will,  it  is  thought, 
enable  them  to  make  more  precise  predictions  than  were  made  under 
the  old  system. 

The  efficiency  of  the  storm-warning  system  on  the  Great  Lakes  has 
been  increased  by  the  establishment  of  six  display  stations,  and  decided 
progress  has  been  made  in  the  work  of  ascertaining  and  charting  the 
set  of  the  lake  currents.  A  very  large  number  of  bottles  have  been 
floated  during  this  season  for  this  purpose,  and  a  preliminary  current 
chart  has  been  prepared  and  is  in  process  of  publication. 

The  investigation  of  the  meteorological  conditions  that  prevail  over 
the  Great  Lakes  has  also  been  greatly  extended.  Over  one  hundred 
new  voluntary  observers  have  been  secured  from  among  the  masters 
of  lake  vessels.  The  collection  of  the  data  in  relation  to  the  currents 
and  meteorology  of  the  Great  Lakes  has  entailed  very  little  expense 
upon  tlie  Government.    It  will  prove  of  great  value  to  tlie  lake  marine. 

In  making  telegraph  contracts  for  the  flscal  year  a  reduction  of 
about  15  per  cent  was  obtained  on  rates  for  the  Weather  Bureau. 
The  construction  of  lines  of  telegraph  and  submarine  cables  from 
Alpena,  Mich.,  to  Thunder  Bay  and  Middle  Island,  in  Lake  Huron, 
as  authorized  by  act  of  Congress,  was  completed  July  13,  1893,  and 
both  lines  were  put  into  operation  on  the  day  following.  These  lines 
aggregate  about  25  miles  of  land  lines  and  5J  miles  of  cable. 


950      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

Authority  lias  been  given  for  extensive  general  repairs  to  the  line 
from  Port  Angeles  to  Tatoosh  Island,  Wash.,  and  the  line  from  xlgtoria, 
Oregon,  to  Fort  Canby,  Wash.,  and  to  that  from  Xcn'folk,  Va.,  to  Hat- 
teras,  N.  G.  This  ^York,  now  well  under  way,  will  enhance  the  efQciency 
of  tliese  imi)ortaut  lines. 

The  submarine-telegraph  cable  between  Cape  Charles  and  Cape 
Henry,  Virginia,  was  broken  and  otherwise  injured  during  the  month 
of  January,  1893.  Efforts  to  recover  the  broken  ends  proved  fruitless, 
and  the  cable  itself  was  of  little  or  no  value  to  this  service,  and  it  was 
therefore  legally  disposed  of  last  July.  The  construction  of  a  railroad 
and  telegraph  line  from  Titusville,  Fla.,  to  Jupiter,  Fla.,  renders  the 
maintenance  of  the  Weather  Bureau  telegraph  line  between  those 
points  needless.    It  will,  consequently,  be  disposed  of  according  to  law. 

THE   DAILY   WEATHER    MAP. 

The  daily  weather  map  is  now  issued  at  72  stations  of  the  Weather 
Bureau  outside  of  Washington,  D.  C.  The  average  issue  is  about 
8,000  copies,  or  about  two  and  a  half  million  copies  annually;  a  slight 
increase  over  last  year.  These  figures  by  no  means  express  the  demand, 
which  has  grown  to  such  proportions  that  it  has  sorely  taxed  the  capa- 
bilities of  the  station  force  and  the  store  of  supplies.  As  a  means 
of  distributing  forecasts  and  weather  conditions  the  map  is  superior 
to  any  before  devised.  In  its  present  form,  however,  it  does  not  reach 
the  multitude.  An  ideal  system  of  distributing  information  collected 
by  the  Bureau  would  i)lace  the  daily  weather  map  in  the  hands  of  the 
general  jiublic  at  an  early  hour  through  the  medium  of  the  daily  press. 
It  is  believed  that  efforts  should  be  directed  towards  the  reproduction 
of  a  legible  map  in  the  daily  i)ai)ers.  It  should  contain  the  forecasts 
and  other  climatological  data  of  importance  to  each  community  in 
which  it  is  published.  Efforts  in  this  direction  have  been  made  here- 
tofore, and  with  great  success,  for  a  limited  period;  but  they  have 
been  spasmodic. 

Newspaper  rivalry  aided  in  the  reproduction,  and  also  sometimes 
caused  its  discontinuance.  Recent  efforts  to  secure  the  publication 
of  the  mai)S  in  daily  metropolitan  prints  seem  to  indicate  that  if  the 
publication  could  be  made  exclusive,  instead  of  general,  some  arrange- 
ment of  value  to  the  people  might  be  consummated.  But  a  monopoly 
for  the  recejitiou  of  useful  information  from  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  can  hardly  be  tolerated  even  in  thought.  How,  then, 
shall  the  daily  forecasts  be  best  utilized  for  and  by  the  American 
l)eople?  Can  they  be  so  utilized  by  the  Government  supplying  stereo- 
types at  all  the  x)oints  where  forecast  maps  are  now  published? 

ADMINISTRATIVE  WORK. 

Material  changes  have  been  made  in  the  methods  of  work  of  the 
central  office.     Executive  work  heretofore  performed  in   a  separate 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE.      951 

division  of  tlie  office  lias  been  placed  under  the  personal  supervision 
of  the  chief  clerk,  in  addition  to  liis  other  duties.  Work  not  executive 
has  been  subdivided  and  assigned  to  otlier  divisions.  These  changes 
have  been  conditcive  to  the  iirompt  and  systematic  handling-  of  business. 

An  increased  number  of  high-grade  salaries  is  needed  to  reward 
employees  for  faithful  service  and  experience.  At  present  it  frequently 
happens  that  an  employee,  specially  experienced  in  a  j)articuhir  class 
of  work,  can  be  promoted  only  by  a  transfer  to  other  and  untried 
duties,  with  the  further  disadvantage  that  the  vacancy'  thus  created 
must  be  filled  by  a  new  and  inexperienced  man.  The  regular  classified 
observing  force  of  the  Bureau  consists  of  twenty-seven  local  forecast 
officials,  at  81,500  each  i^er  annum,  and  two  hundred  and  seventy-six 
observers  and  assistants,  at  salaries  ranging  from  $G00  to  81,400  per 
annum.  The  number  of  local  forecast  officials  is  limited  by  law  and 
the  iHCsent  number  is  below  that  needed.  There  is  a  constantly 
increasing  demand  for  the  services  of  these  officials  and  the  Chief  of 
the  Bureau  earnestly  recommends  an  increase  in  their  number. 

There  has  been  made  recently  a  readjustment  and  equalization  of 
salaries  of  the  general  observing  force,  substituting  for  the  complicated 
unclassified  i^ay  account  incident  to  former  military  rank  a  classifica- 
tion more  in  harmony  with  the  civil  branch  of  the  public  service. 
Owing  to  the  limited  appropriation,  this  task  Avas  a  difficult  one.  It  has 
finally  been  satisfactorily  accomplished  and  instead  of  forty-two  grades 
or  more,  as  under  the  old  system,  there  are  now  but  nine. 

There  are  now  in  operation  159  regular  paid  observing  stations.  Two 
new  stations  were  established  during  the  current  year  and  nine  were 
discontinued. 

PUBLICATIO^'S. 

Several  important  aud  valuable  i)ublications  have  been  issued  by 
the  Bureau  during  the  current  year,  including:  A  Summary  of  Inter- 
national Meteorological  Observations,  by  Maj.  H.  H.  C.  Dunwoody, 
U.  S,  Army,  assistant  chief  of  the  Bureau;  Report  of  the  First  Annual 
Meeting  of  the  American  Association  of  State  Weather  Services 
cooperating  with  the  Weather  Bureau;  A  Report  on  the  Climatology 
of  the  Cotton  Riant,  by  Prof.  R.  II.  Mell;  A  Report  on  the  Forecasting 
of  Thunder  Storms  during  the  Summer  of  1892,  by  Inspector  X.  B. 
Conger;  and  The  Climate  of  Chicago,  by  Prof.  Henry  A.  Hazen. 

The  luibHcation  of  the  .AFonthly  Review  has  continued  througiumt  the 
year.  Its  purpose  is  the  tabulation  of  current  observations,  enabling 
the  officials  of  the  Bureau  and  others  to  preserve  aud  discuss  the  mete- 
orological conditions  that  obtain  from  month  to  month.  It  also  sup- 
plies a  means  of  acknowledging  the  reports  of  some  2,5Q0  voluntary 
observers,  to  each  of  whom  a  copy  of  the  Review  is  furnished. 


952  REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AGRICULTURE. 

STATE  WEATHER   SERVICE. 

Tlie  State  AVeatlier  Service  Division  supervises  forty-two  State 
Weather  Services,  covering  the  whole  of  the  United  States  except 
Alaska.  It  also  establishes  and  supervises  all  voluntary  observations 
and  forecast  display  stations,  and  the  services  in  the  cotton,  sugar, 
and  rice  regions,  and  publishes  the  National  Weather  Crop  Bulletin. 
The  2,500  voluntary  observers  forward  copies  of  their  records  to  the 
central  stations  of  their  respective  local  services  for  use  in  the  iirepara- 
tiou  of  the  reviews  published  monthly.  Many  of  these  State  reviews 
are  of  a  highly  creditable  character  and  valuable  in  determining  the 
climatic  characteristics  of  the  various  States  and  Territories.  Foj?  dis- 
tributingweatherforecastsandspecial  warnings  all  available  means  have 
been  utilized,  and,  while  the  number  of  stations  supi)lied  at  Govern- 
ment expense  by  telegraph  or  telephone  has  been  materially  decreased 
during  the  year,  the  number  of  those  to  which  forecasts,  etc.,  are  fur- 
nished at  little  or  no  cost  has  been  largely  augmented. 

Full  forecasts  are  now  received  at  1,622  stations,  a  reduction  of  200 
during  the  year;  but  nearly  5,000  places  received  them  gratuitously,  an 
increase  of  over  1,000  in  the  same  period.  Plans  now  being  perfected 
will,  it  is  believed,  increase  the  number  of  stations  receiving  forecasts 
without  expense  to  the  Government  by  1,500  to  2,000  in  the  near  future. 
A  number  of  railroad  companies  are  effectively  cooperating  with  the 
Ijureau  in  the  distribution  of  forecasts  by  telegrai^h.  It  is  believed 
that  during  the  coming  year  it  will  be  possible  to  extend  the  system  to 
every  community  having  interests  to  be  benefited. 

Observations  of  temperature  and  rainfiill  are  daily  collected  by  tele- 
graph from  118  Southern  stations,  divided  into  twelve  areas,  the  center 
of  each  area  being  selected  with  special  reference  to  its  cotton,  sugar, 
and  rice  interests. 

The  National  Weather  Crop  Bulletin  is  issued  in  Washington  weekly 
during  the  periods  of  planting,  growth,  and  maturing,  and  shows  the 
temperature  and  rainfall  for  the  week  and  season  comxiared  with  aver- 
ages for  former  years.  The  Bulletin  also  shows  the  crop  and  weather 
conditions  of  the  previous  seven  days  in  each  State  or  district.  These 
statements  are^condensed  from  reports  from  over  6,000  special  corres- 
pondents. The  full  text  of  the  Bulletin  is  telegraphed  by  the  press 
associations,  and  receives  wide  circulation.  The  State  Weather  Services, 
with  the  exception  of  Nevada,  issue  local  weather  crop  bulletins,  simi- 
lar in  character  to  the  National  Bulletin.  Arrangements  have  recently 
been  carried  out  for  the  public  display  of  the  Weather  Croj)  Bulletin 
in  about  130  towns  of  5,000  or  more  inhabitants. 

RECORDS. 

A  system  of  checks  upon  the  accuracy  of  each  observer  is  main- 
tained, beginning  with  the  telegrajjhic  reports  received  twice  daily  by 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE.      953 

tlie  translator.  Later,  when  the  manuscript  observations  are  received, 
they  are  subjected  to  a  further  examination.  It  is  gratifying  to  report 
that,  with  a  few  exceptions,  the  work  has  been  highly  creditable. 

Several  hundred  transcripts  of  records  of  meteorological  observations 
have  been  made  during  the  year,  for  use  as  evidence  in  courts  of  law; 
especially  in  cases  relating  to  the  transportation  of  perishable  goods. 
The  increasing  demand  for  climatological  data,  bearing  upon  an  infi- 
nite variety  of  subjects,  bears  testimony  to  the  increasing  confidence 
of  the  public  in  the  work  of  the  Bureau.  A  special  climatological 
report,  embracing  the  result  of  observations  made  during  the  calendar 
years  1891  and  1892,  has  been  compiled,  and  is  now  in  press.  The 
report  contains  much  new  climatological  data  of  interest  and  value. 

INSTRUMENTS. 

The  mechanical  excellence  and  efficiency  of  our  instruments  steadily 
improves,  and,  as  they  attain  greater  perfection,  so  the  accuracy  of 
the  data  obtained  will  be  increased.  The  barometers  now  in  use  at 
stations  are,  it  is  believed,  in  better  general  condition  than  ever  before. 
The  new,  standard  pattern  anenometer  with  aluminum  cups  is  replac- 
ing the  old  style  of  anenometer  at  stations  as  fast  as  possible,  and  every 
effort  is  made  to  obtain  accurate  records  of  wind  velocity. 

The  policy  of  loaning  meteorological  instrument^  to  voluntary  obser- 
vers and  others  to  render  reports  therefrom  has  added  greatly  to 
the  work  and  usefulness  of  this  division  without  additional  expense. 
This  wide  distribution  of  instruments  is  no  doubt  productive  of  great 
good  to  the  general  "public  aside  from  the  value  of  the  observations 
themselves,  for  every  observing  person  who  examines  our  standard 
Weather  Bureau  instruments  and  methods  of  observation  is  taught  a 
higher  appreciation  of  accurate  results  and  what  constitutes  a  first-class 
instrument. 

The  most  important  instrument  developed  during  the  past  year  is 
the  improved  normal  barograph,  which  has  been  in  operation  and  on 
exhibition  at  the  Columbian  Exposition. 

This  division  has  devoted  much  time  during  the  year  to  the  prepara- 
tion and  installation  of  the  Weather  Bureau  exhibit  at  the  World's 
Fair.  Many  favorable  comments  were  made  in  reference  to  this  exhibit, 
not  only  by  many  prominent  and  professional  men  of  our  own  country, 
but  also  by  distinguished  scientific  visitors  from  abroad. 

METEOROLOGICAL   CONGRESS  AT   CHICAGO. 

The  official  international  congress  of  meteorologists,  which  it  was 
hoped  would  be  held  in  Washington  in  August,  was  held  at  Chicago, 
August  21-21.  Papers  of  great  importarce  were  presented  from  the 
leading  meteorologists  of  the  world,  which  the  Bureau  has  undertaken 
to  publish. 


954  REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OP    AGRICULTURE. 

RECOMMENDATIONS. 

There  seems  to  be  necessity  for  a  closer  cooperation  witli  the  weather 
service  of  Mexico,  and  to  that  end  the  chief  of  the  Weatlier  Bureau 
reports  arrangements  with  the  director  of  the  central  meteorological 
observatory',  Sr.  Mariano  de  la  Barcena,  for  an  international  exchange 
of  telegrams  on  terms  similar  to  those  in  operation  between  the  United 
States  and  Canada.  The  Mexican  service  is  willing  to  deliver  Avithont 
expense,  to  onr  agent  at  the  nearest  point,  certain  information  and 
receive  in  exchange  from  ns  certain  data. 

The  need  of  full  telegraphic  reports  from  the  Bahamas  was  clearly 
shown  very  recently  by  the  disastrous  hnrricane  of  August  28.  It  is 
believed  that  if  the  matter  were  officially  i^resented  to  the  Gcvernment 
of  that  colony  the  importance  of  an  interchange  of  meteorological 
information  would  meet  with  favorable  response. 

This  service  continues  to  send  daily  cablegrams  to  the  French 
Meteorological  Bureau  at  Paris,  containing  marine  data  obtained  from 
the  logs  of  incoming  vessels,  the  position  of  areas  of  highest  and  lowest 
pressure  in  the  United  States,  and  data  from  two  selected  stations  in 
the  Canadian  maritime  in^ovinces. 

A  more  efficient  and  satisfactory  distribution  of  railway  forecasts 
could  be  made  if  the  postal  clerks  on  mail  trains  were  intrusted  with 
the  display  of  signals  and  made  responsible  therefor.  This  would 
require  very  little  time  on  the  part  of  the  clerks,  and  the  expense  to  the 
Weather  Bureau  would  be  reduced  to  a  minimum. 

STATISTICS. 

The  Division  of  Statistics  discharges  duties  distinct  from  each  of  the 
other  divisions  of  the  Department,  and  yet,  directly  or  indirectly,  illus- 
trates the  value  and  character  of  the  labors  of  each  of  them,  as  the 
report  of  its  chief  thoroughly  demonstrates.  Its  work  touches  all  that 
i*elates  to  the  economics  oi  agriculture.  Upon  it  devolves  the  duty 
to  watcli  and  report  the  conditions  throughout  the  entire  country 
likely  to  affect  the  growing  crops,  and  also  to  observe  in  foreign  coun- 
tries which  compete  with  us  agricultural  resources,  conditions,  and 
possibilities. 

Tlie  purpose  of  its  monthly  reports  is  primarily  to  keep  the  farmers 
informed,  as  approximately  as  possible,  of  all  matters  having  any  influ- 
ence upon  the  world's  markets  in  which  their  i)roducts  find  sale.  Its 
l)ublications  relate  especially  to  the  commercial  side  of  farming — that 
is,  to  the  purchase  of  material,  the  selling  of  crops,  and  all  interme- 
diate exchanges  between  the  i)roducer  and  the  consumer.  A  monthly 
report  upon  rates  of  railroad  and  water  transportation,  and  a  monthly 
report  upon  tlie  conditions  of  the  principal  crops  of  the  United  States 
are  recpiircd  by  law,  which  also  {provides  that  the  said  report  issue  on 
the  tenth  dav  of  each  month. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE.      955 

It  is  of  profound  inipoitaiice  and  vital  concern  to  the  farmers  of  the 
United  States,  who  represent  nearly  one-half  of  our  population,  and  ot 
direct  interest  to  the  Avhole  country,  that  the  work  of  this  division  be 
efficiently  performed  and  that  the  information  it  has  gathered  be 
l^roniptlj'  diffused.  Earnest  efforts  will  be  directed  to  the  attainment 
of  the  highest  standard  of  eflficieucj'  on  the  part  of  this  division  in  the 
performance  of  these  arduous  duties. 

AGRICULTURAL  EXPORTS. 

The  exports  of  agricultural  products  from  the  United  States  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1892,  attained  the  enormous  figure  of  eight 
hundred  million  dollars,  in  round  numbers 5  being  78.7  per  cent  of  our 
total  exports.  In  the  fiscal  year  following,  this  aggregate  was  greatly 
reduced,  but  nevertheless  attained  the  very  respectable  figure  of  six 
liundred  and  fifteen  millions,  being  7J1.1  per  cent  of  all  American  com- 
modities exi)orted.  The  value  of  the  foreign  markets  to  our  farmers 
and  to  the  entire  population  of  the  United  States  can,  therefore, 
hardly  be  overestimated. 

At  preserjt  a  review  of  our  agricultural  exports,  with  special  refer- 
ence to  their  destination,  will  sliow  that  in  almost  every  line  the  United 
Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  absorbs  by  far  the  largest  pro- 
portion. A  few  figures,  showing  exports  of  our  principal  agricultural 
products,  will  emphasize  this  very  clearlj^ 

Of  cattle,  the  total  exports  aggregated  in  value,  for  1892,  thirty-five 
million  dollars,  of  whicli  Great  Britain  took  thirty-four  millicms;  and 
in  1893,  twenty-six  millions,  of  which  the  same  country  took  considera- 
bly r.vGT  twenty -five  millions. 

Of  beef  products  of  all  kinds,  our  total  exports  for  1892  exceeded  in 
value  thirty-one  million  dollars,  of  which  twenty-five  millions  went  to 
Great  Britain;  and  in  1893,  twenty-eight  million  dollars,  of  which  Great 
Britain  took  twenty-four  millions. 

Of  pork  products,  the  total  exports  for  1892  aggregated  in  value 
eighty-five  million  dollars,  of  Avhicli  Great  Britain  took  forty-seven 
millions;  and  in  1893,  eighty -four  millions,  of  which  Great  Britain  took 
fifty-three  millions. 

Nearly  the  same  average  proportions  prevail  in  breadstuffs  and  minor 
products,  wkile  in  cotton  they  are  even  more  conspicuous. 

Our  total  exports  of  corn  for  1892  were  forty-one  million  dollars,  of 
which  twenty  millions  went  to  Great  Britain;  and  in  1893,  twenty-four 
millions,  of  which  nine  millions  went  to  Great  Britain. 

Our  total  exports  of  wheat  for  1892  were  valued  at  one  hundred 
and  sixty-one  million  dollars;  of  this.  Great  Britain  i)aid  sixty-eight 
millions.  For  1893  the  total  exports  of  wheat  were  of  the  value  of  ninety- 
three  million  dollars;  Great  Britain  took  of  this  fifty-eight  millions. 

Of  wheat  flour,  the  total  exports  for  1892  were  seventy-five  million  dol- 
lars; to  Great  Britain,  forty-seven  millions.     In  1893  the  total  exports 


956  REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AGRICULTURE. 

■sveie  about  the  same  as  for  1892,  wliile  Great  Britain  took  forty-eight 
null  ions. 

The  total  exports  of  cotton  for  1892  were  two  hundred  and  fifty-eight 
million  dollars;  to  Great  Britain  one  hundred  and  forty-six  millions. 
In  1893  the  exjDorts  of  cotton  were  valued  at  one  hundred  and  eighty- 
eight  million  dollars;  to  Great  Britain  were  sent  ninety-nine  millions. 

These  figures  prove  not  only  how  large  a  X)roportion  of  our  total  agri- 
cultural exi)orts  find  their  way  to  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  but  also 
how  very  large  a  proportion  of  our  total  agricultural  exports  is  made 
up  of  a  comparatively  few  leading  crops.  It  must  not  be  forgotten 
that  in  the  universal  competition  for  enlarged  trade  constant  efforts 
are  being  made,  and  will  continue  to  be  made,  by  other  countries  pro- 
ducing a  surplus  of  agricultural  products,  to  wrest  from  us  the  suprem- 
acy we  now  hold  in  supplying  Great  Britain  and  a  few  other  coun- 
tries that  are  not  self-providing  in  such  products;  that  many  of  these 
other  countries  are  British  colonies,  and  that,  except  as  regards  cotton, 
there  are  none  of  which  we  enjoy  the  practical  monopoly.  Moreover, 
we  have  been  for  many  years  pursuing  a  policy  tending  to  deter  the 
various  nations  of  the  world  from  becoming  our  customers,  and,  like  the 
fertility  of  the  soil,  trade  once  lost  or  diverted  is  most  difficult  to  re- 
gain, calling  for  a  long  period  of  careful  management  to  atone  for  the 
consequences  of  even  a  short  period  of  careless  management.  This  is 
conclusively  shown  in  the  efi'ects  of  the  prohibitory  laws  passed  in 
Germany  and  France  and  in  some  other  European  countries  p.gainst 
our  pork  products,  and  maintaiued  in  force  for  about  a  decade. 

Although  these  were  repealed  two  years  ago,  and  in  spite  of  all  the 
advertising  given  to  the  American  hog  by  the  discussions  i)reliminary 
to  repeal,  we  are  still  very  far  from  having  regained  the  trade  in  pork 
products  which  we  had  with  Germany  and  France  prior  to  the  enforce- 
ment of  their  i)rohibitory  laws.  The  lesson  gained  from  the  above 
facts  and  figures  is,  that  the  people  of  this  country  are  to  be  nuich 
benefited  by  the  diversification  of  agricultural  exports,  and  their 
eutrance  to  all  the  countries  of  the  globe  which  it  is  in  our  power  to 
supply  with  any  product  the  varied  soil  and  climate  of  this  vast 
country  will  enable  us  to  grow  at  a  i)rofit.  The  extraordinary  fluctu- 
ations in  the  prices  of  the  crops  composing  our  principal  exports  are 
often  caused  by  the  cojicentration  of  demand  in  comparatively  few 
markets.  This  still  further  teaches  the  necessity  of  widening  the  for- 
eign markets  for  our  agricultural  products. 

To  overcome  impediments  to  trade  the  plan  of  sending  agents  into 
Germany,  Sweden,  and  other  European  countries  to  tell  foreigners 
the  value  of  Indian  corn  as  human  food  was  inaugurated.  A  reference 
to  the  export  of  corn  before  the  commercial  propaganda  from  the  United 
States  began  their  itineracy,  and  to  the  amount  being  exported  at  the 
present  time,  may  be  of  value  and  suggestive. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE.      957 

Tlie  missionary  labors  in  the  food-cousuining  fields  of  Europe  of  the 
special  agents  of  this  Department,  which  the  law  provides  for,  have 
been  extended,  so  that  a  thorough  inquiry  is  being  prosecuted  as  to 
why  American  meats  are  partially  excluded;  Avhy  American  tobacco  is 
not  more  demanded;  why  American  wheat  flour  can  not  be  more  gen- 
erally marketed  in  Europe;  why  cranberries  are  not  sold  there;  AA'hy 
American  Avines  are  not  called  for,  and  why  Europeans  generally  should 
not  be  consumers  of  American  canned  goods? 

Some  time  hence  a  further  report  from  the  two  agents  of  this  Depart- 
ment in  Europe  now  seeking  markets  for  American  products  may  help 
to  solve  the  economic  problems  x>resented.  But  in  case  no  solution 
comes  from  that  source,  the  reason  of  the  virtual  closing  of  the  mar- 
kets for  American  products  in  some  parts  of  the  Old  World  may  pos- 
sibly be  attributed  to  the  high  tariff  duties  upon  all  products  and 
commodities  which  foreigners  desire  to  sell  in  the  maikets  of  the 
United  States.  And  thus  the  question  will  again  be  presented  to  the 
American  mind :  "  Can  any  countrj-  shut  out  the  coinmodities  and  prod- 
ucts of  other  nations  without  shutting  in  a  value  equal  to  that  of  the 
things  shut  out?" 

AGRICULTURAL  IMPORTS. 

A  review  of  our  agricultural  exports  prompts  a  consideration  of  our 
agricultural  imports.  This  reveals  a  large  value  in  our  imports  of 
agricultural  products.  The  question  then  comes  up  whether  some, 
perhaps  much,  of  this  great  total  of  annual  agricultural  imports, 
aggregating  in  value  some  three  hundred  and  fifty  millions  of  dollars, 
ought  not  to  be  produced  ujion  our  own  soil,  in  proximity  to  those  of  our 
own  markets,  where  this  immense  demand  exists?  And  the  truth  is, 
it  could  and  should  be  so  grown. 

The  time  will  surely  come  when,  under  the  favorable  conditions  of 
soil  and  climate  which  this  country  possesses,  a  very  large  share  of 
agricultural  i)roducts  now  imi^orted  will  be  raised  by  American  farm- 
ers. Our  large  imports  of  hides,  fruits,  nuts,  and  wines,  aggregating 
an  average  of  over  sixty  millions  of  dollars  annually,  could  all  be  pro- 
duced in  this  country.  A  considerable  share  of  the  fibers,  including 
wool  and  silk,  and,  no  doubt,  a  large  portion  of  the  tobacco  now 
imported,  could  also  be  i^roduced  in  the  United  States.  This  is  true, 
likewise,  of  sugar.  Thus  the  overproduction  of  certain  staples,  the 
demand  for  which  fluctuates  greatly,  might  be  avoided,  and  our  farm- 
ers be  benefited  by  a  larger  number  of  available  subsidiary  crops. 
This  also  would  increase  the  variety  of  our  agricultural  supplies  in  for- 
eign markets  and  multiply  the  niarkets  themselves. 

These  important  considerations  are  sincerely  commended  to  the 
attention  of  all  who,  either  individually  or  in  association,  directly  or 
indirectly,  are  engaged  in  the  work  of  agricultural  education.     For 


958      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

upon  tlicm  rests  tlie  responsibility  of  leading  tlic  ^vay  for  progressive 
agriculture.  All  j^ersous  engaged  in  tlie  work  of  agricultural  education 
and  experiment  must  hold  steadily  in  view  tlic  inexorable  economic 
facts  tliat  affect  the  production  and  disposal  of  agricultural  i^roducts. 
American  farmers  must  produce  what  the  world  wants.  And  the 
unrelenting  truth  that  the  relation  of  supply  to  demand  is  the  sole  reg- 
ulator of  value  and  that  it  ai>plies  with  equal  force  to  all  the  products 
of  the  farm  and  of  the  ftictory  ought  to  be  engraved  upon  the  memory 
and  reflected  in  the  judgment  and  the  iilans  of  every  farmer  in  the 
Union. 

THE   AGRICULTURAL  DOMAIN. 

There  are  in  the  United  States  more  than  six  millions  of  farms. 
Upon  them  dwell  more  than  thirty  millions  of  the  population  of  this 
Jicpublic.  Those  farm  dwellers  furnish  more  than  74  per  cent  of  the 
value  of  the  exports  of  this  country.  This  Department  is,  therefore, 
intended  to  be  charged  with  great  respcmsibilities  and  grave  duties 
touching  interests  intimately  associated  with  the  lives,  x)rosperity,  and 
happiness  of  the  whole  people.  And,  as  every  citizen  understands  per- 
fectly well  that  no  architecture,  no  edifice,  however  symmetrical,  beau- 
tiful, and  perfect  its  superstructure,  can  be  permanent  and  enduring 
except  its  foundations  be  solidly  and  well  laid;  so  everybody  knows 
that  the  successful  perpetuation  of  the  industrial  activities  of  the 
American  i3eople  is  based,  and  possible  only,  upon  an  intelligent  and 
fecund  agriculture. 

Promises  of  improved  services  to  the  farming  interests  by  the  Depart- 
ment in  future,  and  even  the  recommendations  of  useful  innovations 
relating  to  the  detail  of  the  work  which  confronts  it,  have  been  with- 
held, in  view  of  the  statements  already  made  as  to  its  undefined 
duties,  powers,  and  possibilities.  A  year  from  this  time,  it  is  hoped, 
after  consultation  Avith  the  Congressional  committees  and  other  repre- 
sentative forces  which  are  endeavoring  to  educationally  develop  and 
define  duties  for  this  Department,  that  useful  progress  in  the  right 
paths  may  be  truthfully  reported. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

J.  Sterling  Morton 

Secretari, 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX. 


THE  PRESIDENT'S  MESSAGE. 

Page. 

Agriculture,  Secretary  of,  rej)ort  of 28 

Agricultural  products 29 

exports 2U 

statistics 30 

experiment  stations 30 

seeds,  too  many  distributed 31 

Arbitration  between  Argentine  Republic  and  Brazil 5 

of  international  diflerences 14 

Ambassadors,  grade  of  foreign  envoys  raised  to 14 

Army,  reorganization  of,  recommended 18 

Attorney-General,  report  of,  discussed 20 

Bering  Sea  awards 8 

Blount,  Hon.  James  H.,  mission  of,  to  Ha  wai  i 37 

Brazil,  domestic  hostilities  in 1 

Cliickamanga,  national  park  at 19 

Chile,  convention  bet^^"eeu,  and  tlic  United  States 6 

Chi  nesc,  deportation  of 6,  7 

registration  of (i 

Civil-Service  reform,  l)eneflts  of 31 

Claims  of  American  citizens  against  Spain 11 

Consular  service,  laws  relating  to 14 

Copyriglit  laws  extended  to  Denmark 14 

Denmark,  copyright  laws  extended  to 14 

Economy  in  public  expenditures,  recommended o2 

Entangling  alliances,  impolicy  of 11 

Extradition  treatv  with  Norway 10 

Ruseia"^ 10 

Fee  system,  in  U.  S.  courts,  discouraged .' 20 

Foreign  relations  of  United  States 5 

with  Argentine  Republic ; r> 

Brazil 5 

Chile G 

China 7 

Costa  Rica 7 

French  Republic 8,  9 

Germany 8 

Great  Britain 8 

Haiti 8 

Hawaii 13,  3.3-48 

Mexico... 9 

Nicaragua 10 

Samoa 10, 11 

Spain 11 

Turkey 12 

Free  delivery  in  postal  service 22 

Geary  law,  for  deportation  of  Chinese 6 

Gettysburg  battlefield 19 

Government  bond.s,  laws  relating  to 17 

Great  Britain  favors  international  arbitration •. _  14 

Hawaii,  special  message  in  relation  to 3.")-48 

annexation  treaty o.^,  46 

of,  favored  by  U.  S.  min ister 38,  39 

059 


960  ALPHABETICAL    INDEX. 


Hawaii,  Blount,  Hon.  James  H. ,  mission  of,  to 37 

Provisional  Government  of 36-46 

due  to  armed,  invasion  by  United  States. . ...  44,  45 

U.  S.  forces  lauded  in 42 

Quecu  of,  protest  of 43 

Minister  Willis's  instructions  in  regard  to 48 

Immigration 17 

Income  tax  indorsed -  34 

Indians,  condition  of 1  26 

"                education  of 27 

Legation  asylum,  vexatious  question  of 6 

Liberia,  Republic  of 9 

Military  information,  bureau  of 20 

Militia'  State 18 

Monetary  conference .' 17 

Money,  amount  of,  in  circulation 15 

Money-order  offices _ 22 

National  banks ' 16 

Navy,  Secretary  of,  report  of 23 

new  vessels  for 24 

Nicaragua  Canal  Comjiany 10 

Ordnance,  manufacture  of 19 

Pension  rolls - '-o 

frauds 25 

Postal  receipts,  deficiency  in 21 

Postmaster-General,  report  of -. 21 

Precious  metals,  coinage  of 16 

production  of 16 

Quarantiue,  national,  importance  of 17 

Eailway  Mail  Service 23 

Eeceipts  and  expenditures  of  the  Government 15 

Samoa,  disturbance  in - 10 

Sania  Maria,  reproduced  caravel 11 

Seacoast   defenses 19 

Silver  dollars,  number  coined In 

Silver,  purchase  of 15 

purchase  law,  repeal  of 16 

Slave  trade,  suppression  of 7 

Sugar  bounty,  sum  paid  for 15 

Tariff  reform,  recommended 33,  34 

War  Department ". 18 

West  Point,  Military  Academy  at 19 

SECEETARY  OF  THE  TEEASUEY. 

Eeport  of 49 

Alien  contract  labor  law 68 

Approj)riations  required  for  1895 53 

made  by  Congress  from  1886  to  1894 136 

Banks,  national 57-59 

Bonds,  purchase  and  redemption  of  on  account  of  sinking  fund 120-126 

6  per  cents,  issued  to  Pacific  railways 127 

United  States,  received  and  issued  by  Secretary  of  Treasury  from  1892 

to  1893 ". 162 

Buildings,  public 83 

Circulation,  amount  of  money  in 128-135 

Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey 81-83 

Chinese,  exclusion  of 68 

registration  of ^ 68 

Coinage  of  precious  metals 54,  55 

gold 5 1,  55 

silver 54,  55 

Commerce,  foreign  of  the  United  States 60,  61 

increase  of 61 

Customs  administration 61-63 

laws,  amendments  advised 62 

revenues,  expense  of  collecting 63 

Debt,  public,  statement  of 107-116 

analysis  of 117, 118 


ALPHABETICAL   INDEX.  961 

Page. 

Disbursements;  statement  of,  for  1892 138-110 

for  quarter  ending  September  30, 1893 141 

by  assistant  treasurers 150-154 

District  of  Columbia 83,  84 

Engraving  and  printing 06 

Expenditures,  increase  of 51 

for  fiscal  year  1893 4!t 

1894,  estimated 53 

1895,  estimated 53 

from  1789  to  1893 146-149 

Exports  of  gold,  increase  of 60 

silver,  increase  of 60 

merchandise 60 

Exposition,  World's  Columbian 85 

Gold,  imports  and  exports  of 60 

coinage  of - •^■i 

production  of 56 

use  of,  in  the  arts 56 

Imports  compared  with  1892 60 

of  gold 60 

silver 60 

merchandise 60 

Immigration 66,  67 

decrease  in 66 

laws,  remedial  effect  of __    67 

Indians,  liabilities  of  United  States  to 155-160 

Internal  revenue 64 

receipts  from 64 

cost  of  collecting 65 

Laws,  alien  contract  labor 68 

Liabilities  of  United  States  to  Indians 155-160 

Light-House  Service 77,  78 

Life-Saving  Service 1^ 

Number  of  stations -■ J9 

new  stations  completed ''^ 

Loans  and  currency 56 

Loans,  issued  and  redeemed,  statement  of 1 19 

Marine-Hospital  Service ^^"I? 

Mint  service,  earnings  and  expenses  of _     *' 

Metals,  precious,  coinage  of ^^~55 

imports  of '•^'■l 

exports  of '^5 

production  of 56 

use  of,  iu  the  arts ^       65 

Money,  amount  of,  in  Treasury  and  circulation 128-135 

National  banks ^1~^^ 

Navigation,  tonnage  of  United  States a-  Li 

Pac'fic  railroads cq 

PuV  'ic  buildings •       ^^ 

debt,  statement  of -~  i « 

analysis  of 11"'  11° 

Keceipts,  net,  for  "fiscal  year,  1893  l^J ' 

quarter  ending  September  30,  1893 141 

from  1789  to  1893  142-145 

assistant  treasurers 1^2~^5 

Revenue-Cutter  Service ai 

Revenue,  internal,  receipts  from 64 

cost  of  collecting no  inr 

laws,  revision  of -^^  lOb 

Revenues  for  fiscal  year  1893 ^^ 

1894,  estimated ^^ 

1895,  estimated J\^ 

Securities,  United  States,  received  during  1893 ^161 

Silver,  coinage  of ^t 

t xports  of ^_ 

imports  of ^? 

production  of ^^ 

use  of,  in  the  arts - ion_i9ft 

Sinking  fund,  purchases  for,  statement  of i-u-izo 

Ab.  93 Gl 


962  ALPHABETICAL    INDEX. 

Page. 

Soiitli  Carolina,  sea  islands  of,  relief  for 72 

Spirits,  distilled,  produced 64 

Steamboat  Inspection  Service 80,  81 

Sugar  bounty,  amount  of,  for  1893 65 

Treasury,  condition  of 91-96 

World's  Columbian  Exposition 85 

TRKASt'KEli'S   RKPORT. 

Treasurer,  United  States,  report  of 163 

Balance,  free  available,  diminution  of 163 

statement  of 163 

Customs  duties,  kinds  of  money  paid  in 166 

Gold  certificates,  percentage  of,  paid  for  customs  duties 166 

danger  of,  to  Treasury 164 

amount  of,  in  Treasury  since  1878 164 

reserve,  decrease  of 164 

Notes,  United  States,  redemption  of,  demanded 164 

Silver  coin,  percentage  of,  paid  for  customs  duties 166 

certificates,  percentage  of,  paid  for  customs  duties 166 

Treasury,  condition  of 164 

DIRECTOR  OF  THE   iMINT. 

Eeportof 167 

Coins,  foreign,  value  of 181-189 

Coinage  of  gold 169 

silver 169-173 

Foreign  coins,  value  of 181-189 

Gold,  coinage  of 169 

deposits  of,  in  mints  and  assay  offices 167, 168 

deposits  of,  decrease  of 167 

product  of 179 

used  in  industrial  arts 179 

world's  coinage 180 

Monetary  systems  of  the  -world 176-178 

conference,  at  Brussels 189-191 

Money,  approximate  stocks  of,  in  principal  countries  of  the  world,  aggregate 

and  per  capita 176-178 

Per  capita  distribution  of  the  money  of  the  world 176-178 

Precious  metals,  imports  and  exports  of 174 

used  in  industrial  arts 179 

product  of 179 

Silver,  deposits  of 167 

product  of 179 

coinage  of 169-173 

seigniorage  on 174 

purchase  of 167, 168, 170 

course  of  value  during  1893 170, 171 

from  1848  to  1893 171-173 

depreciation  of,  cause  of 171-173 

dollars,  circulation  of 173 

world's  coinage 180 

COMPTROLLER  OF  THE  CURRENCY. 

Keport  of 192 

Banks,  national,  eondition-of 192-199 

number  organized  in  1893 192, 193 

susjiended  in  1893 192 

charters  extended  iu  1893 192 

shrinliiige  of  resources 194 

liabilities 194 

suspension  of 196-199 

other  than  national 195 

suspension  of 199 

Clearing  house  and  loan  certificates 200 

Money,  contraction  of  volume  of 195 

lawful  reserve  of  banks i 201 


ALPHABETICAL   INDEX.  963 

COMMISSIOXKR   OF   INTERNAL  REVENUE. 

Paire. 

Letter  of,  conceruiug  iucreased  tax  on  distilled  spirits 261-2G4 

Report  of 206. 

Boiiut}'  oil  sivgar 214 

Beet-sngar  factories 217-219 

Chinese,  registration  of 209 

Collections  for  fiscal  year 20f) 

Distilled  spirits,  consumption  of 208 

materials  used  in  produeing 210 

quantity  in  United  States  October  1,  1893 212 

Distilleries,  number  of  registered  and  operated 210 

stock  fed  at 211 

Oleomargarine,  tax  on 212 

product  of 212 

receipts  from 2111 

recognized  article  of  food 213 

Receipts  from  internal  revenue  for  past  eight  years 206 

for  past  two  yeai's 217 

Spirits,  distilled,  consumption  of .^ 208 

materials  used  in  pi  oducing 210 

quantity  in  United  States 212 

Sugar,  bounty  on 214 

paid  in  1893 216 

last  two  fiscal  years 217 

cost  of  paying 214 

producers  of,  licensed,  in  1892 215 

1893 215 

applied  for  license  for  1894 215 

production  of,  for  fiscal  year  1893 217 

from  cane 217 

beets 217.  218 

sorghum 217,219 

maple,  estimated  production  of 217 

crops  of  the  world 220 

TIIE   REGISTER. 

Report  of 221 

COMMISSIONER   OF   CI"STOMS. 

Report  of - 221-224 

Customs  districts,  reorganization  recommended 224 

Fees,  abolition  of,  recommended 224 

FIRST  AUDITOR. 

Report  of 224-240 

Accounts  adjusted  by 224-235 

Receipts 224 

Disbursements 224-235 

Summary  of  work 236-238 

Comparative  statement  of  business  from  1861  to  1893  .-. 239,  240 

SECOND  AUDITOR. 

Report  of 241-245 

TIIIKD   AUDITOR. 

Report  of 246-248 

rOUKTH   AUDITOi:. 

Report  of 2 19 

FIFTH   AUDITOR. 

Report  of 250-252 

SIXTH   AUDITOR. 

Report  of 253-255 

SUPERVISING   SPECIAL  AGENT. 

Report  of 255-261 


964  ALPHABETICAL   INDEX. 

SECEETARY   OF  WAR. 

Pago. 

Report  of 265-208 

Academy,  Military,  at  West  Point,  conduct  of > 287 

Appropriations,  expenditures,  and  estimates 265 

Arlington,  memorial  bridge  at,  recommended 294 

Armories  and  arsenals 281,  282 

Arm V,  operations  of 267 

etreugth  of 268-269 

distribution  of 270 

education  of 285 

reorganization  of,  desirable 268 

period  of  enlistment  in,  discussed 277 

Arsenals  and  armories 281,  282 

Battlefield  at  Gettysburg,  preservation  of 294 

Cemeteries,  national 294 

Chattanooga  and  Cbickamauga  National  Park 295 

Cliickamauga  and  Cbattanooga  National  Park 295 

Defense  of  seacoast,  discussed 275-277 

Disabled  Volunteers,  Home  for 292 

Education  of  the  Army 285 

Enlistment  in  the  Army,  period  of,  discussed 272 

Expenditures,  appropriations,  and  estimates 265 

for  fiscal  year  1893 ' 266 

Exposition,  World's  Columbian 293 

Gettysburg  battlefield,  preservation  of 294 

Guns,  siege  and  field,  manufacture  of  . .  .■ 275 

Home,  Soldiers,  the 291 

National,  for  Disabled  Volunteers 292 

Indian  hostilities,  peace  unbroken  by 267 

"warfare,  virtually  at  end 267 

Mexico,  authorities  of,  commend  U.  S.  troops 269 

Mexican  border,  raids  of  outlaws  on,  suppressed , 267 

Military  Academy,  at  West  Point 271 

conduct  of 287 

schools  and  colleges,  advantage  of 288 

Militia,  State,  obligation  of  Federal  Government  to 290 

geographical  distribution  of 291 

Monuments — Logan,  Sheridan,  Hancock,  Sherman 296 

National  cemeteries 294 

Park,  Cbickamauga  and  Chattanooga 295 

Operations  of  the  Army 267 

Park,  National,  Cbickamauga  and  Chattanooga 295 

Record  and  pension  oflice,  work  of 296 

calamitv  at 297 

report  of  chief  of 344,  347 

Records,  war,  publication  of 298 

Rifle,  the  new  magazine,  discussed 274 

Rivers  and  harbors,  improvement  of 284 

Schools  and  colleges,  military 288 

Seacoast,  defense  of,  discussed 275-28-i 

plans  for  the  year 277 

guns  for 278-280 

sites  and  emplacements 279 

expenditures  during  year 280 

Signal  Corps,  the 289 

Soldiers'  Home,  the 291 

War  records,  publication  of 298 

West  Point,  Military  Academy  at 271 

World's  Columbian  Exposition 293 

MAJOR-GKXICRAL  C0:MMAX0ING   THE    ARMY. 

Report  of 299-304 

Army,  instruction  and  discipline  in 300 

staff  of 303 

Artillery,  reorganization  of 300 

Barracks  and  quarters 300,  301 

Education,  military 301 

Enlistment,  term  of 302 


ALPHABETICAL    INDEX.  965 

Page. 

Fortiticatiou  and  armament " 3(X) 

Important  services  of  Army 299 

Indian  soldiers 301 

Infantry,  reorganization  of 300 

Mexico,  neutrality  laws  vrith,  maintained L'9i) 

Military  education ., 301 

Recruiting  service 303 

Staff  of  Army 303 

AD.IUTAXT-Or.NERAL. 

Reports  of 304-310 

Desertion  from  Army 304,  305 

Discharges  from  tlie  Army 305 

Fraudulent  enlistments 306 

Indian  enlistments 308 

Military  colleges 309 

Reenlistments 306,  307 

Recruiting  service 307 

JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL. 

Report  of 310-312 

QUAKTEHMASTER-GKNEHAL. 

Report  of  312-320 

Ambulances,  improved 313 

Antietam  battlefield 319 

Arlington  Park,  inaccessibility  of 318 

Battlefield  at  Antietam 319 

Gettysburg 319 

Cemeteries,  national 317 

Clothing 312 

irregularities  of  cut  and  make 313 

Equipage 312 

Fort  Myer,  water  supply  of 315 

Gettysburg,  battlefield  at 319 

Horses,  superiority  of 313 

Messes  and  mess  halls,  consolidated 315 

Military  posts 314 

nomenclature  of 316 

National  cemeteries 317 

Records.. 320 

Regular  supplies 314 

DEPUTY   QUARTEUMASTER-GEXERAL. 

Report  of 320-325 

National  cemeteries 320-325 

SUKGEOX-GENERAI,. 

Report  of 325-335 

Army,  health  of 327 

special  diseases  in 329 

Army  Medical  Museum 325 

CHIEF   8IGXAI,  OFl'ICER. 

Report  of 335-344 

Balloons,  military 338 

Harbor  defenses,  cables  for 343 

Heliograi>h  practice,  extended, 342 

Military  telegraph  lines 335-337 

balloons 338 

signaling 339 

Signal  equipments 340 

Target  ranges 342 

Telegraph  lines,  military 335-337 

flying 338 

practical  operations  of 338 

World's  Columbian  Exposition S43 


966  ALPHABETICAL    INDEX. 

KECORD   AND   PENSION  OFFICE. 

Page. 

Report  of  chief  of 344-347 

Iiulcx-rccord  card  work 346 

Disaster  at  Teutli-street  biiikliug 347 

WAR  RECORDS. 

Report  of  board  of  iiublication 348 

soldiers'  iroME. 
Report  of  board  of  commissioners 349 

UNITED   STATES   MILITARY  ACADEMY. 

Report  of  the  board  of  visitors 350-362 

Report  of  superintendent 362-366 

Academic  departments 362 

Appointments  and  examinations 352 

Armament  and  equipment 353 

Band 364 

Buildings,  grounds,  and  lights 354 

Buildings  and  grounds 365 

Discijiliue 363 

and  instruction 352 

Fiscal  affairs 357 

Graduating  exercises 359 

Health 363 

Master  of  the  sword 365 

Recommendations  of  the  board  of  visitors 358 

Supplies  and  expenditures 356 

World's  Columbian  Exposition 363 

CHIEF   OF  ENGINEERS. 

Report  of 366-376 

Bridging  navigable  -svaters 368-371 

Bridges  obstructing  navigation 371 

Fortitications 366 

Maps,  military  and  other 374 

Mississippi  River  Commission 367 

Missouri  River  Commission 368 

Reconnaisances  and  explorations 374 

Yellowstone  National  Park,  roads  and  bridges  in 373 

MISSISSIPPI  RIVER   commission. 

Annual  report  of 376-383 

CHIEF   OF   ORDNANCE. 

Report  of 383-385 

Arming  and  equipping  militia 384 

INSPECTOR-GENERAL. 

Report  of 385-389 

Homing-pigeon  ser\'ice 387 

National  Guard 385 

SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

Report  of 391-451 

Academv,  Naval,  report  of  Board  of  Visitors 452-459 

Superintendent  of 469,470 

conditions  of  admission  to 453 

subjects  of  study  in 453-457 

grounds,  buildings,  etc 454 

seamanship,  etc 455 

discipline  in 456 

recommendations  concerning 458 


ALPHABETICAL    INDEX.  967 

i'aga 

Bering  Sea,  ojierations  in „ 432, 433 

Chart  construction,  in  Hyclrograpliic  Office - 472 

Certified  checks,  instead  of  contractors'  bonds,  recommended 442 

Civilians,  compulsory  attendance  of,  at  naval  courts,  recommended 442 

Columbian  caravels,  the 436 

Enlisted  men 431 

Equipment,  report  of  Chief  of  Bureau  of 461-463 

Estimates  and  approjiriations 447-450 

Examination  for  promotion 441 

Explosives,  high 412 

Hydrograplier,  report  of 472-475 

Interuatioual  naval  rendezvous  and  review 437 

Labor  at  navy-yards 439 

Liquid  fuel 445 

Live-oak  reservations 441 

Marine  Corps,  report  of  commandant  of 478-480 

Militia,  naval 43.3-435 

Names  of  vessels,  statement  showing 406-409 

Nautical  Almanac,  report  of  Superintendent  of 465 

Naval  Academy,  report  of  Board  of  Visi  tors  of 457-4.59 

report  of  Superintendent  of 469 

construction  abroad 423 

Home,  conduct  of 460 

militia 429 

ordnance  ...  - 410 

Observatory 444 

proving  ground 477 

review,  international 437 

training  station,  report  of  commandant  of 471 

War  Records,  publication  of 450 

Navigation,  report  of  Chief  of  Bureau  of 467-469 

Navy,  personnel  of 429 

Navy-yards,  labor  at 439 

Navy-yard  plants 440 

New  vessels,  completed -       391 

New  vessels,  trials  of 391-393 

proposals  for 401-403 

Observatory,  naval 444 

report  of  superintendent  of 463 

Ordnance,  naval __  "tlO 

report  of  chief  of  Buceau  of 475-478 

proving  ground 477 

gun  factory 477 

Powder 412,476 

Projectiles ^1-,  4"6 

Promotion,  examination  for 441 

Publication  of  naval  war  records 450 

Punishment,  limitation  of,  in  the  Navy 443 

Sale  of  condemned  vessels 447 

Ships,  construction  of 403-405 

in  commission 421 

Small  arms •^13 

Stability  of  certain  vessels 420 

Submarine  torpedo  boat ----       417 

Supplies,  purchases,  and  accounts 438 

Tounago  of  vessels,  statement  showing 406-409 

Torpedoes 414 

Torpedo  boats,  submarine -       417 

Trials  of  new  vessels 391-393 

Vessels,  condemned,  sale  of 447 

Vessels,  new,  completed  for  the  Navy 391 

nro])Osals  for 431 

trials  of 301-393 

serviceable  for  war  purposes 393-401 

vStability  of  certain ^  420 

statement  showing  name  and  tonnag*?  of 406-409 

Vesuvius,  the 418 

World's  Columbian  Exposition _    445 

Yards  and  Docks,  report  of  chief  of  Bureau  of 459-461 


968  ALPHABETICAL   INDEX. 


POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

Page. 

Report  of 484-524 

Aiiests  for  violations  of  postal  laws 511 

Bonds  of  postmasters,  approval  of 510 

Building,  departmental,  new 515 

Buscli,  the 516 

Canceling  machines 494 

Civil  service,  application  of,  in  Post-Office  Department 512-514 

Ct)lumbian  postage  stamps 508 

Dead-Letter  Office,  work  of 490,  491 

De]>redutious,  special  cases  of 512 

Eigbt-honr  law 492 

Electric  lines 498 

Equipment,  mail 499 

Estimates  for  jiostal  service 484 

Expenditures,  postal,  statement  of,  and  revenues 487 

Experimental  free  delivery 486 

Financial  statenieut 502 

compared  with  1892 503 

Foreign  mails 500,  501 

Free-delivery  system,  the 486 

experimental 486 

rural 487 

deficiency 487,  488 

estimates  for 488 

Indemnity  for  lost  registered  mail  matter 507 

Legislative  protection  to  transportation 502 

Lost  registered  matter,  indemnity  for 507 

compla  ints  of 511 

Losses,  ordinary  mail,  complaints  of 512 

Lotteries  and  frandulent  schemes 519 

Mails,  foreign 500 

INlail  transportation 495 

service,  inland,  expenditure  for 495 

equipment 499 

Money-order  system,  changes  in 493 

statistics,  domestic 493 

business,  international 494 

and  postal  note  total 494 

convention  with  San  Salvador 494 

Newsi)apers  and  periodicals  mailed 505 

New  department  building 515 

Offenses  against  postal  laws,  arrests  for 511 

Pacific  railroad  statistics 510 

Parcels  post 501 

Periodicals  and  newspapers,  mailed 505 

Postal  cards 505,  506 

revenues,  effects  of  financial  dejiression  on 482 

statement  of,  and  expenditures 483 

notes,  issues  of 493 

laws,  violations  of,  arrests  for 511 

Postmasters,  office  of,  discussed 518 

fourth  class 514 

bonds  of,  approval  of 510 

Post-Office  Department,  organization  of 517 

Post-offices,  clerks  in 489 

the  ten  large 485 

the  larger 514 

Railroad  transportation 497 

Railway  Mail'Service 498 

Registered  matter  lost,  indemnity  for 507 

complaints  of 511 

Registration  statistics 506,  507 

Regulation  wagon  service 496 

Rent,  light,  and  fuel 490 

Rewards,  special,  appropriation  for 511 

Special-delivery  system ■. 504 

Stamped  paper,  issues  of 504 


ALPHABETICAL    IXDEX.  069 

rage. 

Stamps,  Columbian iiOS 

Steamboat  service 497 

Star  service 495,496 

Suspension  of  employes 490 

Telegraph  rates ". 507 

Transportation  of  the  mails 4  95 

legislative  protection  to 502 

Wagon  service,  regulation 496 

World's  Columbian  Exposition  post-oflice 519 

Total  mail  matter  handled 520 

Money-order  figures 521 

Composition  of  the  exhibit 521,  525 

Foreign  contributions  to 522 

FIRST  ASSISTANT   rOSTMASTKK-GKXERAL. 

Report  of »25-536 

Correspondence,  division  of 535,  536 

Dead-Letter  Office 534,  .535 

Division  of  eorrespondenco 53.5,  536 

Duplicate  money  orders  and  postal  notes 533 

Free-delivery  system 526-.528 

experimental 528 

rural .528 

Money  orders,  dui)licate8 533 

erroneous  payment  of 534 

Money-order  offices -529 

domestic 530 

international 530-532 

Postal  notes,  issues  and  payments  of 530 

duplicates 533 

Postal-note  offices 529 

Postal  stations 525 

SECOND   ASSISTANT  TOSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

Eeport  of 537-539 

Mail  service,  in  general 537 

Merchandise,  transportation  of  through  the  mails 539 

Star  service  and  its  methods 538 

SUrKRINTENDENT   RAILWAY    MAIL   SKItVICE. 

Report  of 510,541 

Railway  Mail  Service,  extent  of 540 

equipment  of 540 

force  employed  in 540,  541 

THIRD   ASSISTANT  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

Report  of 512-544 

Dead-letter  fund 543 

Financial  statement 542 

Special-delivery  system 543,  544 

FOURTH   ASSISTANT  TOSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

Report  of 514-.547 

Appointment  division,  operations  of 544-546 

Ordinary  mail 546 

losses  in 547 

SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

Report  of 54  9-6-12 

Alaska 603-604 

Architect  of  the  Capitol 62.5-627 

Arizona  Territory 593-597 

population  of 593 

public  lands 594 


970  ALPHABETICAL   INDEX. 

Pago. 

Arizona  Territory,  the  arid  region  of 594 

railroads  and  commerce 594 

stock-raising  in 595 

mines  and  mining  in 595 

forests  and  lumber  in 595 

education  in 595 

Indians  of 595 

Indian  schools  in 596 

public  buildings  in 596 

health  and  climate  conditions 597 

undeveloped  resources 597 

social  conditions 597 

statehood  recommended 597 

Board  of  pension  appeals 579 

decisions  in  regard  to  rating 630-636 

Blind,  Maryland  Institution  for  the 623 

Boundary  line  between  North  and  South  Dakota,  survey  of 551 

between  South  Dakota  and  Nebraska,  survey  of 551 

Bounty  land  Avarrants 577 

Bureau  of  Education 586,  587 

Bureau  of  Railroads 587 

functions  of 587 

litigation  pending 588 

condition  of  the  properties 588,  589 

recommendations  of 589 

Capitol,  Architect  of 625,  627 

report  of 879-882 

Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company 588 

Census,  condition  of,  table  showing 582 

completion  of 584 

cost  of  completing 584 

report  of  Superintendent  of 78 1-792 

Census  Office 581 

financial  report  of 582 

financial  statement  of 583 

sunnuary  of  work  of 583 

Cherokee  Outlet,  disposal  of  lauds  of 556-558 

the  booth  system 557 

Indian  allotments 558 

Cherokee  Indians  in  North  Carolina 574 

Cheyenne  Indians  in  Montana 574 

Chippewa  and  Munsce  Indians 574 

Choctaw  Nation,  election  troubles  in 573 

Deaf  and  Dumb,  Columbian  Institution  for 620,  621 

report  of  president  of 873-876 

Documents,  public,  distribution  of 624,  625 

Education,  Bureau  of,  the 586 

summary  of  work  of 5^6 

Education  of  the  Indians 563 

Enrollment  and  attendance  at  Indian  schools 563 

Feeble-minded  children,  education  of 622 

Five  civilized  tribes  of  Indians,  commission  to  treat  with  the 568 

Freedman's  Hospital 623 

report  of 876-878 

Geological  Survey,  the 585 

value  of,  to  scholars,  engineers,  etc 585 

Howfird  University 621,622 

report  of  president  of 872,873 

Hot  Springs  Reservation 613-618 

Indian  afiairs 562 

agents 563 

education 563-566 

depredations  claims 570 

election  troubles  in  Choctaw  Nation 573 

Indian  affairs,  rei)ort  of  Conmiissioncr  of 685-730 

Indians  on  reservations 566 

sale  of  liquor  to 570-573 

Insane,  Government  Hospital  for 618-620 

report  of  Board  of  Visitors 878,  879 


ALPHABETICAL    INDEX.  971 

Paga 

Kickapoo  purchase 567 

Land  Office,  General,  legal  Avork  of 559,  562 

railroad  grants 560 

adjustment  of  grants 560 

report  of  Commissioner  of 613-668 

Maps  of  the  United  States,  revised 552 

Maryland  Institution  for  the  Blind 623 

Montana,  Cheyenne  Indians  in 574: 

National  parks  and  reservations 606-618 

Yellowstone,  the 607-610 

report  of  superintendent  of 885-887 

Yosemitc,  the 610-612 

report  of  superintendent  of 906-fll2 

Sequoia  and  General  Grant 612 

report  of  superintendent 897-905 

Hot  Springs  Reservation 613-618 

report  of  superintendent 882-885 

Nebraska,  boundary  line  between,  and  .South  Dakota 551 

New  Mexico   Territory 591 

stock-raising  in '. 592 

mines  and  mining  in 592 

education  in 593 

legislation   for 593 

Nicaragua  Canal  Company 627 

re'portof 912-914 

North  Carolina,  Cherokee  Indians  in 574 

North  Dakota,  boundary  between,  and  South  Dakota 551 

Oklahoma  Territory 601,  602 

growth  and  prosperity  of 601 

population  of 601 

business  condition  of 601 

public  schools 601 

colleges 601 

agriculture 602 

mining 602 

manufacturing 602 

social  and  religious  condition 602 

public  buildings 602 

statehood  recommended 602 

Patents 579 

aiiplications  for,  awaiting  action 580 

report  of  Commissioner  of 730-733 

Patent  Office,  the 579 

receipts  and  expenditures 579 

classilication  division  proposed 580 

examination  of  industries  proposed 580 

the  Official  Gazette  of  the 580 

,  overcrowded  condition  of 581 

"^Pensions 575 

work  of  Bureau  of 576 

special  examination  division 576 

law  division 576 

certificate  division 576 

land  warrants 577 

dropped,  annual  value  of 577 

decisions  in  regard  to  rating 630-636 

report  of  Commissioner  of 733-739 

Pension  laws 575 

frauds 577-579 

apjieals,  board  of 579 

statement  of  work  of 637-612 

Private  land  claims 552 

Public  lands 549-555 

disposal  of. 519 

educational  selections 550 

school  and  educational  grants 554 

surveys  of 550 

contests 552 

l)rotection  of 553 


972  ALPHABETICAL    INDEX. 

Page. 

Public  lands,  timber  trespasses »53 

s^YaInp-lan(l  grants 554 

public  timber 554 

public  forests 555 

(lisqualilicatiou  of  registers  and  receivers 562 

Euilioads,  Bureau  of 587 

functions  of 587 

litigation  pending  in 588 

condition  of  the  properties 588 

report  of  Commissioner  of 792-869 

School  and  educational  laud  grants 554 

land  in  Oklahoma 554 

Sioux  City  and  Pacific  Kailroad  Company 589 

South  Dakota,  boundary  line  between,  and  North  Dakota 551 

Nebraska 551 

Swamp-land  grants 554 

Territories,  condition  of  the 591 

New  Mexico 591-593 

Arizona 593-597 

Utah 597-601 

Oklahoma 601-604 

inspection  of  coal  mines  in  the 604,  605 

Union  Pacific  Railway  ([Company 588-590 

Utah  Territory 597-601 

population  of 597 

business  of 598 

public  buildings  in 598 

educational  facilities 598 

agriculture  in 597 

undeveloped  resources 599 

polygamy  is  abandoned 599 

statehood  recommended 599 

commission,  report  of 599 

World's  Columbian  Exposition 627-629 

Departmental  exhibit  at 627 

expenditure  for 629 

GEXEKAL  LAND   OFFICE. 

Report  of  Commissioner  of 643-668 

Claims,  private  land,  patents  issued  on 655 

Contests,  in  laud  patent  cases 660 

Forest  reservations ^ 666,  667 

Indian  lands,  disposal  of 684 

Mineral  lands 661 

Patents,  agricultural,  issued 650 

mineral,  issued 650 

Indian  and  miscellaneous 653 

Private  land  claims,  patents  issued  on 655 

Public  lands,  vacant  in  United  States 654,  668-672 

disposal  of,  statement  of 644-649 

by  States  and  Territories 675-683 

swamp  lands  patented 651 

granted  for  educational  purposes 652 

surveys  of 653 

patents  issued  for 650,  653 

contest  cases 660 

protection  of 662 

Recommendations  of  Commissioner 668 

Railroad  laud  grants,  patents 653 

adj  ustment  of 657 

forfeited,  opened  to  settlement 658 

Supreme  Court  decisions 659 

Supreme  Court  decisions,  regarding  railroad  grants 659 

Timber,  on  public  lands 663-666 

depredations 662 

COMMISSIONER   OF   INDIAN   AFFAIKS. 

Report  of....: 6S5-730 

Agents,  Indian,  Army  ofBcers  as 685 


ALPHABETICAL   INDEX.  973 

Page. 

Agencies,  Indian,  numl>er  of  reduced 086 

expense  of  diniinislied fi86 

Allotments  to  Indians (JOO-TOl 

and  homesteads  to  Indians  contested 701,  702 

Cherokee  Nation,  intruders  on 716-719 

Civil-service  rules,  modilication  recommended 697 

Estimates  for  ap])ropriations 6SG 

Freedraen,  Cherokee,  Delaware,  and  Shawnee 719 

Indian  depredation  claims 711-713 

lands,  leasing  of 702 

finances 713-716 

homesteads  and  allotments  contested 701,  702 

Indians,  allotments  to 697-701 

education  of 686.  699 

appropriation  for 695,  697 

nonreservatiou  schools 688-690 

reservation  boarding  schools 691,  694 

day  schools 694 

public  schools 695 

school  sites 699 

taxation  of,  by  local  authority 704 

cash  pavments  to 706 

field  matrons 707-709 

sale  of  liquor  to 709,  710 

Lands,  Indian,  leasing  of 702 

allotted 702- 

unallotted  or  tribal 703 

Liquor,  sale  of,  to  Indians 709.  7 10 

World's  Columbian  Exposition,  Indian  exhibit  at 697 

COMMISSIONER   OK   PATENTS. 

Report  of 730-733 

Applications  and  caveats  received 730 

Two  new  divisions  recommended 731,  732 

Patents  granted 730 

Trade-marks,  labels,  and  prints  registered 730 

PENSIOXS. 

Report  of  Commissioner  of 733-739 

Act  of  June  27,  1890,  application  of 735 

Board  of  Pension  Appeals,  reorganization  of 782 

Business  of  appeal  section 740-742 

Building,  Pension  Office,  the 739 

Criminal  statistics 742,  743 

Efficiency  record 738 

Law  division 738 

Law  clerk,  report  of 740-747 

Pension  agencies,  list  of 763 

appeals,  report  of  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Interior  on 776-783 

recent  important  decisions  of 781 

rules  of  practice  in 782 

reorganization  of  board  of 782 

Pensions,  increase  and  decrease  of 733 

moneys  paid  for 734,  756 

under  act  June  27, 1890 758 

appropriations  for 734,  755 

service,  requisites  of 735,  736 

number  of,  increased  during  year 753 

annual  value  of  all  on  rolls 753 

to  survivors  of  war  of  1812 761 

number  of,  compared  with  1892 762 

filed  and  allowed  since  1861 764-767 

different  monthly  rates  of 768,  769 

certificates  of,  issued  during  fiscal  year 771 

and  pension  appeals 776 

Pensioners,  nonresident 739 

number  of,  dropped  from  rolls  during  year 754 


974  ALPHABETICAL    INDEX. 

Page. 

Peusiouers,  number  of,  in  each  State  and  Territory 770 

in  eacli  foreign  countrj' 770 

Revolutionary  soliliers,  widows  of,  on  lieusion  rolls 775 

Sailoi-s  of  1812  on  pension  rolls 775,  776 

Soldiers  of  1812  on  pension  rolls 775,  776 

Speciiil  examination  division,  report  of  chief  of 748,  749 

Smnniary  of  appended  tables 750-752 

Widows  of  Eevolutionary  soldiers,  names  of 775 

SUPERINTENDKXT  OF   CENSUS. 

Eeport  of 784-792 

Agriculture 788 

Condition  of  the  reports 784 

Crime,  pauperism,  and  benevolence 789 

Farms,  homes,  and  mortgages 788 

Financial  rcjiort 785 

Manufactures 787 

Population  division 786 

Printing  and  stationery 791 

Eevision  and  results 790 

Summary  of  final  rcj)orts  and  compendium 784 

Transportation 790 

Vital  statistics 789 

Wealth,  debt,  and  taxation 790 

COMMISSIOXEH   OF  KAILROADS. 

Eeport  of 792-869 

Antlioritv  conferred  by  act  of  1878 793 

Amounts"  due  United  States  for  1892 796 

Atlantic  and  Pacific  Eailroad  Company 801-803 

Statement  of  linnncial  condition 802,  803 

Achison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fo  Eailroad  Company 803-806 

Statement  of  financial  condition ...  1 804,  806 

Bonds,  issues  of 793 

Central  Pacific  Eailroad  Company 806-812 

Statement  of  financial  condition 809-812 

Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company 813-815 

Statement  of  financial  condition 814,  815 

Charges  against  companies,  reviewed 797 

Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy  Eailroad  Company 816,  817 

Statement  of  financial  condition 817 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railway  Comi^any 818 

Declined  to  submit  a  report 818 

Chicago  and  Northv,-estem  Railroad  Company 818-821 

Statement  of  financial  condition 820, 821 

Chicago,  Eock  Island  and  Pacific  Eailroad  Company 821-823 

Stiitement  of  financial  condition 823 

Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Omaha  Eailway  Company 824-826 

Statement  of  financial  condition —  825,  826 

Dubuque  and  Sioux  City  Eailroad  Company '. 826-828 

Statement  of  financial  condition 827, 828 

Efficiencv  of  bureau  impaired 795 

Estimates  for  1894-'95 799,800 

Functions  of  the  office ■     794 

Hannibal  and  St.  Joseph  Eailroad  Company 828, 829 

Failed  to  submit  regular  report 828 

Copy  of  general  balance  sheet 828,  829 

Lands,  grants  of,  to  railroad  companies 793 

Land-grant  railroad  companies,  reports  required  from 795 

Little  Eock  and  Memphis  Eailroad  Company 829,  830 

Statement  of  financial  condition 830 

Missouri  and  Pacific  Eailroad  Company 831-833 

Statement  of  financial  condition 832,  833 

Missouri,  Kansas  and  Texas  Eailroad  Company 833-835 

Statement  of  financial  condition 834, 835 

"Net  earnings,"  meaning  of 794 


ALPHABETI€AL    INDEX.  975 

Paga 
Northern  Pacitic  Railroad  Coinpauy 835,  838 

Stateuiont  of  financial  condition 837,  838 

Oregon  and  California  Railroad  Company 838-810 

Statement  of  financial  condition 839,  840 

St.  Joseph  and  Grand  Island  Railroad  Company 840-842 

Statement  of  financial  condition 811,  842 

St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  and  Southern  Railway  Company 842-845 

Statement  of  financial  condition 844,  845 

St.  Louis  and  San  Francisco  Rrilroad  Comrjany 84.5-847 

Statement  of  financial  condition 846,  847 

St.  Paul  and  Duluth  Railroad  Company 847-849 

Statement  of  financial  condition 848,849 

St.  Panl,  Minneapolis  and  Manitoba  Railroad  Company 850,  851 

Statement  of  financial  condition 851 

Sioux  City  and  Pacific  Railroad  Company 851-854 

Statement  of  financial  condition 852-854 

Southern  Pacific  Railroad  Company 854-856 

Statement  of  financial  condition 8.55,  856 

Texas  Pacific  Raihvay  Company 856-859 

Statement  of  financial  condition 858,  859 

Thurman  Act,  reqnirements  under 794 

inadequacy  of 798 

Union  Pacific  Raihvay  Company 859-868 

Statement  of  debt  of 863,  864 

financial  condition 865-867 

earnings  and  expenses 868 

report  of  Government  directors  of 869-871 

Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  Company 868 

failed  to  submit  a  rejiort 868 

HOWARD   UNIVKIISITY. 

Report  of  president  of 872,  873 

COLUMBIA  IN.STITX'TIOX  FOR  DKAF  AND   DUMB. 

Report  of  president  of 873-876 

freedmkn's  hospital. 
Report  of 876-878 

GOVKRXMENT  nOSPITAL   FOR   THE   IXSANE. 

Report  of  board  of  visitors 878,  879 

ARCHITECT   OF   THE   CAPITOL. 

Report  of 879-882 

HOT   SPRINGS. 

Report  of  superintendent  of 882-885 

YELLOWSTONE   PARK. 

Report  of  superintendent 885-897 

SEQUOIA  AND   GENERAL   GRANT   PARKS. 

Report  of  superintendent  of 897-905 

YOSr.MITE    NATIONAL   PARK. 

Report  of  superintendent  of 906-912 

MARITIME   CANAL  COMPANY   OF  NICARAGUA. 

Report  of 912-914 


976  ALPHABETICAL   INDEX. 

SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

Page. 

Report  of 915-958 

Agricultural  Department,  organization  of 915 

relation  of,  to  State  experiment  stations 916 

library  of 946 

more  room  needed 947. 

statistics 954 

exports 955 

imports 957 

domain 958 

departments,  foreign,  functions  of 918-924 

Agriculture,  British  Board  of 918 

Ministry  of,  of  Russia 919 

French  Ministry  of 920 

Italian,  General  Direction  of 922 

Animal  Industry,  Bureau  of 930-932 

Texas  feA'er  regulations 930 

export  cattle  inspected 930 

vessel  inspection 930 

inspection  of  imported  animals 930 

inspection  of  American  cattle  in  Germany 931 

meat  inspection 931 

exports  of  inspected  pork 931 

additional  legislation  recommended 932 

tuberculosis -. 932 

maladife  du  coit 932 

civil  service  examination  of  inspectors • 932 

Botany,  division  of 934 

British  Board  of  Agriculture 918 

Bureau  of  Animal  Industry 930,  932 

the  Weather....    948-954 

Changes  of  officials  not  recommended 926 

(  lassiiied  service,  the 926 

Distribution  of  seed : 927-930 

Division  of  entomology 933 

oruithologv  and  mammalogy 933 

botany. . . .' T 934 

vegetable  pathology 935 

pomology , 937 

gardens  and  grounds 938 

forestry 939,  940 

chemistry 942 

rnicroscopy 943 

illustrations 945 

records  and  editing 945 

Document  and  folding  room 946 

Editing,  division  of 945 

Entomology,  division  of 933 

Evolution  of  the  Reimblic 917 

Expenditures  of  the  Department 924,  925 

Experiment  stations,  office  of 943 

Fiber  investigation,  office  of 941 

Food  adulteration,  investigation  of 942 

Foods  for  man,  nutritive  value  of 943 

Forestry,  division  of -• 939,  940 

French  Ministry  of  Agriculture 920 

Gardens  and  grounds,  division  of 938 

Illustrations,  division  of 945 

Irrigation  inquiry,  oSlce  of 944 

Italian  General  Direction  of  Agriculture 922 

Library,  of  the  department 946 

Mammalogy,  division  of 933 

Organization  of  tlie  dej)artment 915 

Ornithology,  division  of 933 

Permanency  among  officials  commended 926 

Pomology,  division  of 937 

Records,  division  of 945 

Republic,  the  evolution  of 917 


ALPHABETICAL   INDEX.  977 

Page. 

Roads,  public,  discussed 944 

Soil,  iuvestigation  of 942 

State  exijoriinental  stations,  relation  of  department  to 916 

Sugar,  domestic,  production  of 942 

Vegetable  pathology,  division  of 935-937 

Weather  bureau 948-954 

forecasts  948-950 

daily  weather  map 950 

publication  of 951 

State  weather  service : 952 

records 952 

instruments 953 

recommendations 954 

World's  Fair,  exhibit  at 947-915 

Ab.  93 02 


STATE 


UC  SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 


AA    000  608  855    3 


